W^^ 


r^m^4t. 


r 


( 


/ 

/  THE 


i\        AMERICAN    GAZETTEER, 

EXHIBITING 

A  FULL  ACCOUNT  OF  THE 

Ol^IL  DIVISIONS,  RIVERS,  HARBOURS, 
INDIAN  TRIBES,  ^c, 

OF    THE 

I 

AVitllCAN  CONTINENT. 

!  ■   J 

..;    .       '   '     1 

ifi>  ALSO    OF  THE 

-x/  »•'•'  ■ 


WEST  INDIA 

AND )THER  APPENDANT  ISLANDS; 


TVITH 

A    PARTICULAR    DESCRIPTION   CF 

LOUISIANA. 


Compiled  from  the  beft  Authorities, 

Br-EDIDIAH  MORSE,  D.D.  J. AS.  S.H.S. 

•        Author  of  the  American  Univerfal  Geography. 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  MAPS. 

SECOND  EDITIOT^, 
KVISED,    CORRECTED,    AND    ENLARGED, 


PVBlISHRn  ACCOKlyiNG  TO  ACT  OF  CONCRKSS. 


CJarledoton : 
P^,TED  BT  AND  TOR  SAMUEL  ETHERIDGE,  and  for  ^^ 

i           THOMAS  AND  ANDREWS,  >ft 

BOSTON 1804. 


District  cf  Massachusetts^  to  nvit* 
l^E  It  remembered,  That  on  the  twenty  fixth  day  of  Ipjuary,  i  the 

eighteen  hundred  and  fourth  year  of  our  Lord,  and  in  the  twenty  i^hth  year \  the 
Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America,  JEDIDIAH  MOIE,  of  the  fj 
tu6l,  hath  depofited  in  this  Office,  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  wl-eof  he 
Author  and  Proprietor,  in  the  words  following,  to  wit.     "  The  A  ERICAN 
ETTEER,  exhibiting  a  full  account  of  the  Civil  Divillons,  Rivers,  larbours, 
'.'"ribes,  £cc.  of  the  American  Continent,  aifo  of  the  Weft  India  another  appe 
Iflands.;  and  a  particular  defcription  of  Louifiana.     Compiled  fronJ" 
ties,  by  JEDIDIAH  MORSE,  D.  D.  A.  A.  S.  S.  H.  S.  author  of  thj 
\' E«i 3-fi  r.  Geography..     lUuftrs-ted  with  maps.     Second  edition,  revi 
cnlitpghd,*  '..".     y.  '  I 

In  conformity  to  the  A^lofthe  Congrefs  of  the  United  States,  tntled,  "  An 
for',  tlie  c-ftcouraw^tnent  'of  l.earfjing,  by  fecuring  the  Copies   of  Ms,  Charts, 
Book's,  to  "the* A^TiUots  and  Proprietors  of  fuch  Copies,  during  the  tite  therein  me 
tioncd  :"  and  alfo  to  an  A<Sl  entitled,"  An  Ad;  fupplementery  to  an  St,  entitled 
AA  for  the  encouragement  of  Learning,  by  fecuring  the  Copies  of  1/ps,  Charts,  an^ 
i3t)v)ks,  to  the  Authors  and  Proprietors  of  fuch  Copies,  during  the  tir    therein  men 
tloned;  and  extending  the  benefits  thereof  to  the  Arts   of  Defignir^  Ejigraving  an 
Etching  Hiftorical,  and  other  Prints." 

N.  GOODALE,  (If  of  the  Di/irlcl 

,    ,  tf  Mc^ufetti. 

A  tnre  Sopy  af  Record.  ? 

4Ue!},  N.  G  O  O  D  A  L  E ,  Clnh  \ 


le  bell  aut 

AMERICAN 

corredled, 


y 


PREFACE. 


±  HE  fir  ft  edition  of  the  American 
GAZETTEER  was  publilhecl  in  the  year  1797- 
The  work  was  confidered  as  incomplete  without  a 
fecond  volume,  which  fhould  embrace  the  other 
three  quarters  of  the  globe.  This  was  according- 
ly compiled  and  publifhed,  under  the  title  of  "  A 

NEW  GAZETTJEER  OF  THE  EASTERN  CONTINENT, 

in  1802,  Thefe  two  volumes  profelTedly  defcribe, 
from  the  b.eft  authorities,  all  the  places  of  im- 
portance on  the  habitable  earth. 

A  new  editibii  of  the  firft  volume  being  called 
for,  the  Aiithor  now  offers  it  to  the  public,  whofe 
patronage  he  has  liberally  and  gratefully  fKared, 
and  which  it  has  been,  and  will  be,  his  ambition 
to  deferve. :  Neither  labour  nor  expenfe  have  been 
fpared  to  enrich  this  new  edition  from  the  numerous 
fources  of  information,  which  have  been  opened 
fince  the  firft  was  publifhe(l.  Much  has  been  de- 
rived from  obliging  correfpondents,  whofe  favors 
are  thankfully,  though  they  cannot  be  particularly, 
acknowledged.  More  has  been  colledled  from  the 
very  valuable  Maps  and  Publications,  which  have 
appeared  fiacQ  the  laft  if? v^n  years.    Several  of  the 


iv  PREFACE. 


moft  important  of  thefe  are  named  as  authorities 
in  the  body  of  the  Work. 

A  topographical  defcription  of  Upper  Canada, 
drawn  np  by  David  W.  Smith,  Efq.  Surveyor  Gen- 
eral of  that  Province,  and  his  excellent  Maps  of  Up- 
per and  Lower  Canada,  have  furnifhed  a  particular 
and  corredl  view  of  this  portion  of  thq  Britilh  do- 
minions. The  new  and  valuable  Map  of  New  York, 
by  B.  Simeon  de  Witt,  Efq.  Surveyor  General  of 
that  State,  has  alfo  been  faithfully  confulted.  The 
cenfus  of  1800  has  been  of  important  ufe  in  per- 
fedting  this  edition. 

Moft  of  the  articles,  efpecially  in  the  United 
States,  have  been  improved,  and  feveral  thoufand 
new  ones  have  been  added.  To  give  place  to  thefe 
additions,  without  fwelling  the  work  to  too  expen* 
five  a  fize,  many  articles  have  be^en  abridged,  abbre- 
viations have  been  adopted,  and  a  type  of  a  fmaU^r 
fize,  than  in  the  firft  edition,  lias  been  ufed,» 

The  article  Louisiana,*  has  received  all  the 
attention,  which  its  newly  acquired  importance 
to  the  United  States,  demands.  ■■^^■;^  ^^'^  ' 

In  the  revifion  of  diis  edit;ion,  the  Author  has 
received  the  affiftance  of  his;  wrorthy  literary  friend, 
the  Rev.  Elijah  P4RISH,  his  partner  in  the  com- 
pilation 

♦  Some  information,  omitted  by  accident  under  this,  head,  will  bf 
fonnd  in  the  ^/^^W/X|  under  the  article  Fredonia. 


pilatlon  of  the  other  volume  of  this  work.  His 
afliftance  h^s  been  engaged,  for  the  double  puf- 
pdfe  of  leffening  the  literary  labours  of  the  Au- 
thor, and  of  increafing  the  value  of  the  work, 
by  the  aid  of  his  extenfive  refearches  into  fub- 
je(5ls  of  this  nature,  and  of  his  peculiar  talent  in 
condeiifmg  the  fubftance  of  large  volumes  into  a 
fmall  compafs. 

A  fpecific  name  for  our  country  has  long  been  a 
defideratum.     The  want  of  it  h,as  been  felt  by  our 
citizens,  who  have  vifited  foreign  countries,  by  our 
Legiflators,  and  efpecially  by  geographical  writers. 
Much  has  been  faid  in  private  converfation,  and 
fome  things   have  been  written,  on  the  fubjedl. 
The  epoch  of  the    addition  of  Louifiana  to  the 
United  States,  is  thought  to  be  a  fit  time  to  intro- 
duce fuch  ^generic  name  for  our  country.     Several 
names  have  been  fuggefted.     Fredonia,  Colum- 
bia, and  America,  have  each  their  advocates.   The 
latter,  could  it  be  appropriated  to  the  territory  un- 
der the  government  of  the  United  States,  and  dif- 
tinguifli  its  inhabitants  froni  all  other  Americans, 
would    undoubtedly  be  entitled  to  the  preference. 
But  this  is  thought  to  be  impradlicable.     Several 
reafons  have  been  urged  in  favor  of  Columbia. 
It  would  be  honorary  to  the  memory  of  the  drf- 
coverer  of  America,  and  it  is  already  partially  in- 
troduced ;  but  it  will  not  fo  happily  run  through 
all  the  variations,  important  in  a  generic  name,  as 
Fredonia.     For  no  other  reafon  has  the  latter 

the 


Vi  PREFACE. 

the  preference.  Wit;li  a  view  merely  to  Introduce 
the  fubjedl  before  the  pubUc,  and  to  invite  their 
attention  to  it,  an  example  is  given,  in  the  Appen- 
dix^ under  the  head,  Fredonia,  to  ftiew  the  con- 
venience and  utility  of  fuch  a  general  name.  The 
Author  has  not  the  temerity  or  the  vanity  to  think 
of  giving  a  name  to  his  country.  He  would  not 
be  confideredas  the  ftrenuous  advocate  of  any  one 
of  thofe  above  fuggefled.  He  only  wiflies  that  the 
government,  whofe  right  it  is,  would  fix  upon 
and  eftablifh  a  fpecific  name,  which  fliall  hon- 
ourably diftinguilh  our  country  and  its  inhabit-- 
ants,  from  the  reft  of  the  world. 

CHARlESrOlVNy  (Mass.)  March   ift,    1804. 


GAZETTEER 


GAZETTEER 


OF    THE 


WESTERN  CONTINENT. 


ABI 


A. 


[ARONSBURGH,  lies  at  the  head 
fii  Penn's  €reek,  Northumberland  coun- 
ty, PennfylvaiiJa,  about  30  miles  wefterly 
from  Lewiftturgh,  and  40  W  by  N  from 
Sunbury.  It  contains  40  dwellings,  a 
German  Lutheran,  and  Calvinifi.  church. 
JLat.  40  53  N.    Lon.  a  23  W. 

Abacco,  or  Proi'idence,  one  of  the  Ba- 
hama iHands;  in  the  Atlantic  ocean,  fub- 
jedi  to  Great  Britain,  N  lat.  24.  W  lon. 
77.      See  Frovidmce. 

Abacoocbee,  or  i^ofee,  a  large  river  rif- 
ing  in  TennefTe,  paffing  into  Georgia, 
.through  tke  Cherokee  into  the  Crtu;k 
country,  where  it  unites  with  the  Oak- 
fuikee,  an-d  forms  the  Alibama. 

Abbeville,  a  diftritSl  of  S  Carolina,  con- 
taining 13,553  people,  of  whom  2964  are 
flaves. 

Abbeville  County,  in  Ninety-Six  diftridi, 
S  Carolina,  bounded  on  the  N  E  by 
the  Saluda,  and  on  the  S  W  by  the  Sa'- 
vannah,  is  7,$  miles  in  length  and  ai  in 
breadth;  contains  9197  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 1665  flaves.  The  lands  of  this 
county  are  rich  and  well  watered  by  fev- 
eral  ftreams  which  fall  into  Savannah  aud 
Saluda  rivers.  Abbeville  court  houfe  is 
the  feat  of  juftice  in  the  above  county. 
It  has  a  magazine,  arfenal,  ajadjall. 

Abercorn,  a  fmall  to'wn  on  Savannah 
river,  in  Georgia,  about  5  miles  from 
Ebenezer,  and  18    N  W  of  Savarmah. 

Ahineau  Port,  on  the  N  fide  of  Lake 
Erie,  is  about  13  miles  W  S  W  from 
Fort  Erie. 

^  Abingdon,  a  town  at  the  head  of  the 
tidewaters  ofBufh  river,  Harford  coun- 
ty, Maryland;   12  miles  S  W  from  Hav- 
re dc  Grace,  and  ao  N  E  from  Balti- 
A 


ABR    " 

more.     Cokefbury  College,  inft'tuted  by 
the  Methodifts,  in  1785,  is  in  thib  town. 

Abingdon,  the  chief  town  of  Vv^afning- 
ton-couaty,  Virginia,  has  363  inhabitants, 
and  is  about  145  miles  from  CampbcH's 
flation,  near  Holfton  ;  s6o  from  Rich- 
mond, in  Virginia,  in  a  dirc<ft  line,  and 
310  as  the  road  runs,  bearing  a  little  to 
the  S  of  W,  Lat.  36  30  N. 

Abingfon,  z  townfliip  in  Plymouth  coun- 
ty, Maffachufetts ;  22  miles  foutheafterly 
fromBon:on,and  contains  1 6^3  inhabitantti. 

Abiitgtnn,  a  pariili  ia  the  town  of  I*om- 
fret,  in  GotmeAicut. 

Ablngton,  a  village  in  Pcnnfylvania,  i% 
miles  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Abipons,  an  hidian  nation  in  Paraguay 
S  America.  They  are  a  warlike  race, 
catching  and  taming  the  wild  horfes  in- 
troduced by  the  Spaniards  ;  their  cavalry 
are  formidable.  They  are  fo  far  from  the 
rational  opinions  taught  in  thegofpd,  that 
they  have  no  idea  of  God.  Their  magi- 
cians are  their  tyrants,  who  inftrudl  them 
that  there  is  an  evil  demon  ;  polygamy 
is  allowed,  and  mothers  fi'cquentlydeftroy 
their  infants  that  ihey  may  be  more  at- 
tentive to  their  hufhands.  So  wretched 
arc  the  people,  fo  dreadful  the  flatc  of 
morak  where  the  gofpel  is    unknown. 

Ahitihhi,  a  fmall  lake  in  Upper  Cana- 
*i  :  on  the  S  fide  of  which  is  a  fcttlc- 
mcnt  called  Frederick,  which  laft  lies  ia 
N  lat.  49,  W  long.  79  40.  Alfo  the 
name  of  a  river  which  runs  N  and  joins 
Moofe  river,  ncarits  mouth  at  James  bny. 

Abrani's  Creeh,  falls  into  Hudfon's  riv- 
er, near  the  city  of  Hudfon. 

Abrojos,    or    Baxos   de    Babuca,   a    bank, 

with   feveral  fmall  rocks  and  illcs--,  E  of 

'I'urk'g 


AC  A 


A  CA 


Turk's iftand, in Nlat.  215,  Wlon.69  4C. 
Between  this  hank,  and  Turk's  Kland  is  a 
.deep  channri,  i\.r  iliips  of  any  burden,  3 
leagues  wide. 

Abrolhos,  dangerous  flioals,  about  50 
miles  from  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  and  near 
the  iiland  of  St.  Barbe. 

Abfccon  Beach,  on  the  coafl  of  New- 
Jcrley,  16  miles  S  W  from  Little  Egg 
Harb.,;ur. 

Aciidia,  the  name  by  which  Nova  Sco-  | 
tia  was  called,  when  it  belonged  to  the 
f  rench.  Its  limits,  as  itttled  by  the  trea- 
ty of  Utrecht,  in  17 13,  were  St.  Law- 
rence_  river  on  the.  N,  Peiiobiyot  W,  and 
the  guKf :ol  &.  Lawr^Act  ni%  ilje  F..  This 
name  wks  iirft  apphtd  to  a'  tra<Si,  from 
the. 40th  |t«  .the ,  4,6111' degrees/ of  N'  lat. 
grapieii  '-tb  ^lAc ;  Hohs,;  liluy *.  2;  '160 j,  by 
Henry  IV.  of  France. 

Adrpala,    or  Acaj}ula,   a  town  in    the 
province  of  Chiapa,  New  Spain.     It   is 
fituatcd  on   the  Tobalco  river,  near  the 
city  of  Chiapa,  and   not  far  from  a  bay  I 
in  the  South  Sea,  called  Teguantipac. 

Acspulco^  a   city   in   New  Spain,  on   a 
bay  of'the  Pacific  Ocean,  220  miles  S  E 
oi    Meiico  ;  the   chief  port  in   this  fca, 
and  the  principal  mart  pn  the  whole  coaft.  ' ■ 
Its   hr-.rbour    is  fo  i'pacious    that  leveral  ;| 
Imndrtd     ibips   may    ride    in     it     with  'S 
convenience.    The  mouth,  which   js   de- 
fended hy  a  low  ifland,  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  long,  and  half  a  mile  broad,  hav-  ; 
jng  a  wide    and  deep    channel  at   each 
end ;  the  wefternmofl  channel  is  the  nar- 
rowcft,  but  fo  deep  that  there  is  no  an- 
choring ;  and    the  Manilla  ibips  pafs  in 
that  way  ;  but  thofe  Irom    Tima  enter 
through  tlie  S  W  channel.     This  harbour 
runs    N    about    3    miles ;  then  growing 
very  narrow,  turns  iliort  to  the  W,  and  a 
irlile    farther  it    terminates.     The  town 
ilands  at  the   mouth  of  this   paflagc,  on 
the   N  y/  fide,  clofe  by   the  fea,  and  at 
the  end  of  the  town  is  a  platform  mount- 
ed with  guns.     Oppofitc  to  the  town,  on 
the  E  fide,  is  a  high    and  ftrong  caflle, 
Avith  guns  of  a  large  (ize.    Ships  common- 
ly  ride  near  the  bottom  of  th«  harbour, 
under    the  command  of  the     caflie    and 
platform    T  he  town,  furrounded  by  very 
liigh  i^.iountains,  is  fo  unhealtliy,  fo  defti- 
tute  ol  <iood  water,  and   lb  difagrceable, 
that  except   when  the  Manilla   galeon  is 
there,  and  while  the  conlcquent  fair  con- 
tinues, it  is  almoft  defertcd  by  the  inhab- 
itants.    When    fl^e  arrives    in  this   port, 
file  is  generally  moored  on  its   wcftern 
fide;  and  htr  cargo,  confiftingof  fpiccs, 


all  forts  of  Chinefe  filks  and   manufac- 
tures, filk  ftockingSj  Indian  ftufi's,  calicoes, 
chint?,,  together  with  other  fmall  articles, 
as    goldfmichs    work,  ccc.  are    delivered 
with  all  expedition  ;  when    the   town   of 
AcapulcoTrom  almoft  folitude,  is  rhrong- 
ed  with  merchants  from  all  parts  of  Mex- 
ico and  Peru.     The  cargo   being  landed, 
the  filver  and  the  goods  intended  for  Man- 
illa are  taken  onboard,  and  the  fhip  pre- 
pares to  put  to  lea  wiih  the  utmoft  expe- 
dition.    The  galeon  t.ikcs  m  here,  in  re- 
turn  for  the  gao,ds  which  (lie  brings,  at 
leaf):   ten   millions   of  dollars,  a   part   of 
which  pay;  the   Spauifli  garrifons   in  the 
Philippine    ifiaiuls.      Fhe    commerce    of 
this  place  with  Peru  is  not,  as  many  wri- 
ters have  fuppofed,  confined  only  to  the 
annual  fliip  from  Lima  ;  for  at  all  other 
feafons  pf  the  year,  except  that  whei  tin 
the  Acapulco  ibip   arrives,  the   trade    is 
open,  and  lliips    from  Peru  come  hithcjr 
frequently  to  exchange  the  commodities 
of  that    country  for   thofe     of  Mexico. 
From  the  end  of  November  to  the  end  of 
May,  they  have  no  rain  here,  and  it  is  fo 
hot'injanuary  when  the  fair  generally  be- 
gins, that  merchants  are  obliged  to    do 
theirbufinefschieflyin  the  morning.  When 
the  fair  is  over,  almoft  every  body  leaves 
the  place  but  a  few  blacks  and  mulattoes. 
The  town  is  governed  by  a  chief  juftice, 
who  hab  20,000  pieces||f  eight  per  annum  ; 
and  the  curate,  though  allowed   but  -^to 
pieces  of  eiglit,  makes  his  place  worth 
i4,oco  by  the   buriaf  fees   pf  ftrangcrs 
:  who   die  here,  or  on  board  the  fliips  in 
;  the  harbour.     There  is  an  hofpital  main- 
1  tained  here,  by  deductions  from  the  pay 
of  the  foldiers,  and  the  alms  of  the  mer- 
chants.    Within   a    league  of  the  E  of 
Aca]nilco,  is  Port  Marquis,  a  very  good 
:  iiarbour,  vvhere  the  fliips  from  Peru  gen- 
':  eraiiy  run   in  contraband  goods.  Lat.  17 
\  2%  N,)on.  102  20  W. 
i       Acara'h  a  tfnvn  in  Paraguay,    S  Amer- 
I  ica, 'built  by  the  Jefuits,  in  1624,  N  lat. 
:  ;^2,  W  lop.'jif.       ■  .  r 

i|       Acafab.if.ian,  a  river  in  the  province  of 
i:  Vera  Paz,   in  Mexico.     It    runs  into  the 
.   Goilo  Uulce,  and  has  a  town  fituated  oa 
::  its  ba;iks,  of  the  fame  name.     The  foiircc 
,    of  this  river    is  not   far  from   the   S.  Sea. 
\       Acafaihuh,2i  fca  port,  fituated  on  a  point 
of  land,  in    the   province   of  Gnatimala 
Proper,  in  Mexico,  on  a  liiiy  of  the  South 
Sea,  about   four  leagues   from  Trinidad. 
j!   It  receiver  the  greattft  part  of  the  treaf- 
i  Tires     from    Peru    and   Mexico.     In    its 
\  r.ei<5hboi:rhood  ar€  three  volcanoes. 

Acoma^ 


ADA 


AGA 


Acoma,  a  town  In  New  Metico,  Notth, 
America,  fituatcd  on  a  high  mountain 
with  a  ftrong  caftle,  and  is  che  capital  of 
the  province,     N  Inr.  .^5,  W  Ion.  104  15. 

Acccniiick  County, in  Virginia, is  fituated 
on  a  pcninfula,  bounded  Nby  Maryland, 
E  by  the  Ocean,  and  on  the  W  by  Chef- 
apealc  bay,  and  contains  11,264  free  in- 
habitants, and  4,429  ihves.  It  is  50 
miles  long,  13  broad. 

Acklins  Key,  lies  about  50  miles  S  £ 
from  Long  Uland,  or  Yuma,  one  of  the 
Bahama  i Hands.  It  has  Long  Key  i% 
miles  to  theNvV.  Upon  the  fouth  eaft- 
ward  Qde  is  an  entire  chain  of  rocks.  N 
lat.  1%  10,  W  Ion.  73  30. 

Achijchica,  a  town    in    Mexico.      Sec 

A  nancies. 

Acoue^,   an  Indian  nation  in  Crmada. 

Acquachnacky  or  Acquakinvnk,  a  town  on 
the  W  fide  of  Paflaick  river,  in  Kilex 
couilty,  New  Jerfey,  10  miles  N  of  New- 
ark, and  17  N  W  from  New  York. 

ABon^  atowniliip  in  Middlcfex  county, 
Maflachufetts,  containing  901  inhabit- 
ants ;  cii  miles  N  W  of  Bofton. 

Aciijorth,  a  townfliip  in  Cheniire  coun- 
ty, New  Hampflilre,  incorporated  in 
1766,  and  contains  704  inliabitants ; 
8  miles  E  by  N  from-  Charleflown,  and 
73  N  W  by  W  from  Porrfirxouth. 

Adams y  a  tou'nihip  in  Brrklliire  oonnty, 
Maffachufetts,  containing  1688  inhabit- 
ants, is  x\i  miles  N  W  of  BoQon*  In  the 
northern  part  of  this  tov/n,  is  a  great  nat- 
ural curiolily.  A  pretty  mill  ftream, 
C'lUed  Hndfon's  Brook,  which  riles  in 
Vermont,  and  falls  i"to  the  n(;rrh  branch 
of  Hoofuck  river,  has,  for  30  or  40  rods, 
formed  a  very  deep  channel,  in  fome 
places  60  feet  deep,  through  a  quarry  of 
whijte  marble.  Over  this  channel,  where 
deepeft,  fome  of  t!ie  rocks  remain,  and 
form  a  natural  bridge.  From  the  top  of 
this  bridge  to  the  water,  is  62  feet  ;  its 
length  is  about  la  or  15,  and  its  breadth 
about  10.  Partly  under  tliis  bridge,  and 
about  10  or  12  feet  below  it,  is  another, 
•which  is  wider,  but  not  fo  long  ;  for.at  the 
eafl:  end  they  form  one  body  of  rock,  12 
or  14  feei  thick,  and  under  this  the  water 
f!o\vs.  The  rocks  here  are  moftly  white, 
and  in  other  places  clouded,  like  thecoarfe 
marble  common  at  Lanclborough,  and 
in   other  towns  in    B<.:rk(bife    countv. 

vio'iTwj-.aCountyofPennfylvania  bound- 
ed N  by  Cumberland  and  S  by  Maryland, 
containing  314,880  acres.  Chief 'town 
Gettylburg.  The  county  is  divided  into  16 
town{hips,amlcontaiu!»x3,i  7iiiibabitaKt5 , 


Aaants,  a  county  of  the  ^tatc  cf  Ohio, 
containing  3432  inhabitants. 

Adams,  a  county  of  the  MifTifippi  ter* 
ritory,  couiaining  4660  inhabitants,  of 
whom  2257  aire  ftaves. 

Adamstoivn,  a  town  in  Lancaller  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  containing  about  40 
houfes  ;  20  miles  N  E  of  Lancaftcr. 
Adayes.  See  lidexicsno  R'wer. 
Addffon  County,  in  Vermont,  is  on  th*; 
eaft  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  divid- 
ed nearly  into  equal  parts  by  Otter  Creek  5 
has  Chittenden  county  on  the  N,  and  Rut- 
land county  on  the  S,  and  contains  13,417 
inhabitants,  difperfcd  in  21  townfliip?. 
It  is  about  30  miles  by  27  :  a  range  of  the 
green  mountains  pafFes  through  it.  Chief 
town  Middlcbury,  granted  Nov.  1761. 

Addifor,  a  town  of  the  above  county, 
734  inhabitants.  It  lie?  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  is  feparated  from  Ncwhaven, 
on  the  E  by  OiloT  creek.  Snake  Moun- 
tain, on  the  S  E  lie  partly  in  this  town- 
fhip,  granted  1761. 

Addifon,  a  town  in  Wafhington  Coun- 
ty, Maine,  lying  on  the  fea,  with  Indian 
river  for  its  Eaft  and  Pleafant  river  bay- 
its  W  boundary,  10  miics  S  W  of  Machia?. 
uidequatungk'  Creek,  in*Ncv;  York  ftate, 
is  the  eaflern  head  water  of  Sufquebaunah 
river.  ' 

A.dmhalty  Bay,  and  Fort  Mulgra'vr,  on 
the  N  Vv'  coaft  of  America,  lie  in  N  lat, 
59  .^ij  W  Ion.  140  18. 

Adfons^  Totvn,  lies  near  the  N  B  line  of 
NewJeiTey,andSE  oftheDrowntd  Lands; 
27  miles  N  of  MorriQown,  and  24  N  W 
of  Patterfon, 

Affucra,  one  of  the  ifTaiids  of  Juan  Fer- 
nandes,  on  the  South  Sea  coafl,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Chili.  Lon.  from  the  me- 
ridian of  Gallap,  30  20,  about  406  leagues 
to  the  N  of  Cape  Horn.  This  coaft 
Twarrns  with  fea  lions  and  wolves. 

Agitmertticus,  a  mountain  of  confiderabic 
elevation  in  the  diflridt  of  Maine,  diflant; 
abcrut  6  miles  from  Bald  Head,  and  8 
from  York  harbolir.  Lat.  43  16  N,  and 
70  39  W  lon.  from  Greenwich.  It  is  a 
noted  landfriark  for  feamen,  and  is  a 
good  dirc'ftory  for  the  entry  of  Pafcatri- 
qua  harbour,  as  it  lies  very  nearly  in  the 
fome  meridian  with  it,  and  v/ith  Pigeon 
Hlil,  on  Cape  Ann.  The  mouatain  is 
cc\'cred  with  wood  and  (lirubs,  and  af-^ 
fords  pafture  up  to  its  fummit,  where 
,  there  is  an  enchanting  profpcdb.  The 
cultivated  parts  of  the  country,  efpecial-' 
ly  on  the  S  and  S  W  appear  as  a  beauti- 
ful garden,  intcrf&ii^t'd  by  the    majeftic 

river 


ALA 


ALA 


river  Pafcataqaa,  its  bays  and  branches. 
The  immenfe  ranges  of  mountains  on  the 
K  and  N  \V  aftbrd  a  fublime  fpetftacle  ; 
and  on  the  fea  fide,  the  various  indent- 
ings  of  the  coaft,  from  C?.pc  Ann  to  Cape 
Elizabeth,  are  plainly  in  view  In  a  clear 
day  ;  and  the  Atlantic  Wretches  to  the  E 
as  far  as  the  power  of  vilion  extends. 
At  this  fpot  the  bearin'gs  of  the  following 
rvbjeifts  were  taken,  with  a  good  furvey- 
ing  inftrument,  0(5lober  ii,  1780. 

&ummitofth£WhiteMGuntain3,NijW. 

Cape  Porpoife,  N  63  E. 

Rochefter  Hill,  N  64  W. 

Tuckaway  South  Peak,  S  80  W. 

I'roft's  Hill,  Kittery,  S57  W. 

Saddle  of  Bonabcag,  N  14  W. 

llle  of  Shoals  Meettng  Houfc,  S  6  E. 

Varney's  Hill,  in  Dover,  diftant   ic|- 
milrs  by  mcnfuration,  N  89  W. 
Variation  of  the  needle,  6  W. 

A^amenticus,  a  river  in  the  centre  of 
York  county,  diftri(£l:  of  Maine.  It  is  in- 
debted to  the  ocean  for  its  waters, through 
Pal'cataqua  bay  ;  having  no  confiderable 
aid  from  dreams  of  freili  water.  Its 
mouth  is  about  4  miles  foutherly  from 
Cape  Neddie  river.  Small  veflels  can 
enter  lie  re. 

A^amuntk,  or  A?nagunt'ic  Pond,  in  the 
diflriiSt  of  Maine,  fends  its  waters  north- 
ward to  the  Chaudiere,  through  the  weft 
branch  of  that  river. 

Agomijoyixn  iiland  in  James  Bay,  near  its 
weftern  coaft,    N  N  E  from  Albany  Fort. 

Aguga  Cape,  on  the  coa(\  of  Peru,  S 
America,  lies  fouthward  of  Puira  ,  in  the 
6th  deg.  of  S  lat.  and  in  the  8 2d  of  W  Ion. 

Akanfas,  fee   Arkanfas. 

Aliibahay  a  confiderable  river  in  E 
Florida.  Alfo  faid  to  be  the  name  of  a 
branch  of  St.  Mary's  river.      See  Appen. 

Alabama,  an  Indian  village,  delightfully 
fitUHlfd  on  the  banks  of  the  Milfifippi, 
on  feveral  fweiling  green  hills,  gradually 
afcending  from  the  verge  of  the  river. 
'I'hefe  Indians  are  the  remains  of  the  an- 
cient Alabama  nation,  who  inhabited  the 
eafl  arm  of  the  Great  Mobile  river,  which 
flill  bears  their  name,  now  poireffed  by 
the  Creeks,  or  Alufcogulgcs,  who  conquer- 
ed the  former. 

AUibarmi  River,  a  large  navigable  river 
of  Georgia,  is.  formed  by  the  juntflion  of 
the  Coijfa  or  Cocfee,  or  High  Toivn  river, 
and  Tallapoofee  river,  at  Little  Tallafee, 
and  runs  in  a  S  W  diretSViiin,  until  it 
meets  Tombigbee  river  from  rhe  N  W  at 
the  great  Ifland  which  it  there  forms,  90 
milts  from  the  meuth  of  Mobile  bay,  in 


the  gulf  of  Mexico.  This  beantiful  rivef 
hasaegentle  current,  pure  waters,  antt 
excell  nt  fifh.  It  runs  about  a  miles  an 
hour,  is  70  or  80  rods  wide  at  its  head, 
and  from  15  to  18  feet  deep,  in  the  dricft 
feafon.  The  banks  are  about  50  feet 
high,  and  fcldom.  If  ever,  overflowed. 
Travellers  have  gone  down  in  large  boa^^, 
in  the  month  of  May.  in  9  days  from 
Little  I'allafce  to  Mobile  bay,  which  is 
about  350  miles  by  water.  Its  banks 
abound  with  valuable  produtSlions  in  the 
vegetable  and  mneral  kingdoms. 

Alabcjlcr  or  Eleuihera,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma or  Lncayo  iflands,  on  which  is  a  fmail 
fort  and  garrifon.  It  is  on  the  Great  Ba- 
hama Bank.  The  foil  of  this  ifland, 
and  Harbour  ifland,  which  lies  at  the 
north  end  of  it,  is  better  than  Providence 
ifland,  and  produces  the  greattfl  part  of 
the  pine  apples  that  are  exported  ;  the 
climate  is  very  healthy.  N  lat.  25  to  26, 
W  Ion.  75  to  76  5. 

Alachua  Savannah,  is  a  level  green  plain, 
in  the  country  of  the  Indians  of  that 
name,  in  E  Florida,  fituated  about  75 
miles  weft  from  St.  Auguftine.  It  is  above 
15  miles  over,  and  50  in  circumference  j 
and  fcarcely  a  tree  or  bufli  of  any  kind 
to  be  feen  on  it.  It  is  encircled  with  high 
Hoping  hills,  covered  with  waving  forefts» 
and  fragrant  orange  groves,  rifing  from 
an  exuberantly  fertile  foil.  The  ancient 
Alachua  town  ftood  on  the  borders  of  this 
favannah  ;  but  the  Indians  removed  to 
Cufi.(jimlla,  2  miles  dlftant,  on  account  of 
the  unhealthinefs  of  the  former  fcite,  oc^ 
cafioned  by  the  ftench  of  the  putrid  fifli 
and  reptiles,  in  the  fummer  and  autumn, 
driven  on  fliore  by  the  aligators,  and  the 
noxious  exhalations  from  the  marflies 
of  the  favannah.  Though  the  horned 
cattle  and  horfes  bred  in  thefe  meadows 
are  large,  "fleck,  fprightly,  and  fat,  yet 
they  are  fubjeAto  mortal  difcafes  ;  fuch 
as  the  water  rot,  or  fcald,  occafioned  by 
the  warm  water  of  the  favannah  ;  while 
thofe  which  range  in  the  high  forcfts  are 
clear  of  this  diforder. 

Alacranes,  Los,  a  long  range  of  {lioals, 
banks,  and  rocks,  on  the  fouth  fide  of 
the  gulph  of  Mexico,  oppofite  the  pen- 
infula  of  Yucatan,  caft  from  Stone  Bank, 
and  weft  from  Cape  St.  Antonio  ;  within 
the  23d  deg.  of  N  lat.  and  between  the 
g9th  and  91ft  degrees  of  W  Ion. 

Alajha,  a  lung  peninluJa  on  the  N  W 
ccaft  o1f  Am(  rica,  formed  by  Briftol  bay 
and  the  ocean  ontheN  WandN,andbythe 
ocean  and  the  waters  of  Cook's  river  on 

the 


ALS 


AL3 


fAt  S  and  S  E.  At  its  extremity  are  a 
number  of  illands,  the  chief  of  which,  in 
their  order  wcftward,  are,  Oonemak, 
Oonaid ilia, and  OcumriakjV/hich  form  part 
et  the  chain  or  cUifler  of  iildnds,  called  the 
Norjthern  Archipthig©.  Capt.  Cook,  on 
his  retur'jj  in  i;7y,  pafTed  through  the 
channel  eaft  of  Ooncmak  iiland.  See  N 
IV  Coaft  of  America. 

Alatamaha^  a  uavio^Hble  river  of  Geor- 
gia. It  rifes  in  tli.e  Cherokee  mountains, 
Hear  the  head  of  a  wcftera  branch  of 
Savantiah  river,  caUed  'I'uguld.  In  its 
dcfcent  through  the  mountains  it  receives 
ieveral  auxiliary  dreams;  thence  it  winds, 
with  contiderftble  rapidity,  through  th^ 
hilly  country  150  miles,  whence  it  enters 
into  the  open,  flat  country,  by  the  name 
of  Oahmvlgte.  Thence  after  meandering 
for  150  miles,  it  is  joined  by  the  Oconee^ 
which  likewife  has  its  fource  in  the  moun- 
tains.  After  this  jundiioa,  it  afFumes  the 
name  of  Alatiimaha,  when  it  becomes  a 
large  majcftic  river  ;  and  flowing  with 
»•  gentle  current  through  foreOs  and  plains 
100  miles,  diichargcs  itfelf  into  the  At- 
lantic by  fcveral  mouths.  I'he  north 
channel  glides  by  the  heights  of  Daiien,- 
about  10  miles  above  the  bar,  aad  after 
fevcral  turnings,  enters  the  ocean  be-' 
tween  Sapelo  and  Wolf  iflands.  The 
fouth  channel,  which  is  cftccmed  the 
largefl  and  dcepefl:,  after  its  reparation 
from  the  north,  defcends  gently,  taking 
its  courfe  between  M'Intoili  and  Brough- 
ton  iHands  \  and  at  laft  by  the  weft  coail 
of  St.  Simon'e  found  between  the  fouth 
end  of  tlie  ifland  of  that  name,  and  the 
north  end  of  Jckyl  iiland.  At  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Atlantic,  it  it  500  yards 
wide. 

Albans^  St.  a  townfliip  in  Franklin 
eounty,  Vermont,  on  Lake  Champlain, 
oppofite  N  Hero  ifland,  941  inhabitants. 

Albany  County,  on  Hudfon's  river,  in 
the  ftate  of  New  York,  lies  between  Ul- 
fter  and  Saratoga  ;  its  extent  46  miles  by 
a8.  The  inhabitants  are  34,043,  ot  whom 
x8o8  are  in  flavery, 

Albany,  the  chief  tov/n  of  the  above 
eounty,  is  fituated  on  the  weft  hank  of 
Hudfon's  river,  160  miles  north  of  the 
eity  of  New  York,  to  which  it  is  next  in 
rank,  and  340  S  of  Quebec.  N  Int.  4a 
39,  W  Ion.  7.^  30.  This  city  and  fu!)urb.s 
by  enumeration  in  1797,  contained  1263 
buildings,  of  which  863  were  dwclling- 
houfts,  and  6021  inhabitants.  Many  of 
them  are  in  the  Gothic  ftyle,  with  the 
gable  eiidto  the  ftrcct, which  cuftomthc 


fi'rft  ftttlers  brcvight  from  Holland  ;  ta* 
new  houfes  are  buiit  in  the  modccn  fiyie. 
Its  inhabitants  are  co(k<£i:ed  from  various^ 
parts  of  the  world,  and  f peak- a  great  va-#- 
ricty  of  languages,  but  the  Engiifli  pre- 
dominates .  and  the  ufe  of  every  other  13 
gradually  Icfiening.  Atbany  is  unrivallci! 
for  lituation,  being  nearly  at  the  head  of 
Hoop  navigation,  en  oneof  the  nobk fl:  riv- 
ers intheworld,  Itenjdysa  falubiious  air, 
arid  is  the  natural  <5tjiporium  of  the  in- 
ereafing  trade  of  a  large  extent  of  coun- 
try W  and  N;  a  coiuntry  of  an  exctlk'nt 
foil,  abounding  in  every  article  for  the 
W  India  market  ;  plentifully  watered, 
with  navit>;ab]e  lakes,  creeks  and  rivers, 
fettling  with  almoft  lineiampled  rapidity, 
and  capable  of  aftbrding  fuliiifttnce  tojnil- 
lions  of  inhabitants  :  and  when  the  con- 
templated locks  and  canals  are  compktci^i 
and  convenient  roads  opened  into  e^'ery 
part  of  the  country,  \vHich  are  in  gretit 
part  accomplillied,  Albany  will  probah-ly 
increafe  in  a  more  rapid  degree.  Thj^ 
public  buildings  are,  a  Low  Euteh  church, 
of  ancient  and  very  curious  conftru<S:ion, 
now  difufed,  and  a  mere  monumetvt  of 
ancient  :irchite€lure,  a  new  and  elegant 
Dutch  church,  of  brick,  one  for  Epifco- 
paliar.s,  two  for  Prefbyterians,  one  for 
Germans,  or  High  Dutch,  one  for  Ivleth- 
odifts,  and  one  for  Roman  Catholics;  an 
hofpItaJ,  <:ity  hall,  and  a  handfome  brieiL 
gaol.  The  corporation  confifts  of  a 
mayor,  recorder,  fix  aldermen,  and  as' 
many  afCftants*  The  improvements  ia 
this  city.,  within  a  few  years  pat't,  havs; 
beetrt  very  great"  in  almoft  all  refpe^s- 
Wharves  have  been  built  on  the  river, 
the  ftreets  have  been  paved,  a  bank  in- 
ftituted,  a  new  and  hxndfome  flyle  of 
building  introduced,  and  excellent  wa-' 
ter  is  condu(5tcd  into  the  various  parts  of 
the  city,  from  a  fine  fprlng  5  miles  weft 
of  the  city.  For  thefc  improvements  tlie 
inhabitants  are  indebted  to  the  patriotic 
exertions  of  a  very  few  gentlemen.  One 
mile  north  of  this  city,  in  its  fuburbs, 
near  the  manor  houfeof  the  late  lieutenaiit 
governor  Van  RenfTalaer,  arc  very  ingen- 
ioufly  conftrudlcd,  extenfive  and  ufeful 
works,  for  the  maaufaflure  of  Scotch  and 
rappee  fnufF,  roll  and  cut  tobacco  of  dif- 
ferent kinds,  chocolate,  muftard,  ftarch, 
hairpowder,  fplit  peafe,  and  hulled  bar- 
ley. Thefc  valuable  works  are  the  prop- 
erty of  Mr.  James  Caldwell,  who  un- 
fortunately loft  a  complete  fct  of  fimilar 
works,  by  fire,  in  July,  1794,  with  the 
fiocL,  valued  at  37,jco  dollars.  U  is  a 
circumftancc 


Alb 


ALF 


eircumftance  xvorthy  of  remark,  and  i» 
evincive  of  the  induftry  and  cnterprife 
t>f  the  proprietor,  that  the  whole  of  the 
prefent  buildings  and  machinery  were  be- 
gun and  completed  in  the  Hiort  fpace  of 
eleven  months.  Thefc  works  are  decid- 
edly liiperior  to  any  of  the  kind  in  Amer- 
ica. All  the  articles  above  enumerated, 
even  to  the  fpinning  of  tobacco,  are  man- 
tjfaclured  by  the  aid  of  water  machinery, 
tor  the  invention  of  this  machinery  the 
proprietor  has  obtained  a  patent.  7  hefe 
v-orksgive  employment  and  fubhftence  to 
40  poor  hoys,  and  a  number  of  workmen. 
lAen  who  make  fuch  eiForts  to  advance 
American  manufadlures,  defervc  well  of 
their  country^  In  th?  year  1609  Henry 
Hudfon,  wbofe  name  the  river  bears,  at- 
cended  it  in  his  boat  to  Aurania,  the  fpot 
on  whicli  Albany  now  ftands.  1  he  let- 
tJement  of  this  city  commenced  about  the 
year  1612  and  next  to  Jameflown  in 
Virginia,  is  the  oldeft  in  the  United  States. 
It  was  called  Be-vn-tvyck  till  1623,  theili 
Fort  Orange  till  1 64 7,  then  Willi cnijladt 
till  1664,  when  it  received  the  name  of 
Albany.  All  this  time  it  had  the  nick- 
name of  the  Fuyck,  and  did  not  loofe  the 
name  of  Fort  Orange,  efpecially  v/ith  for- 
eigners, fort  Orange, 'Cvas  built  in  1623. 
YcUs  MS.  Let.  ' 

AlhanxyZ  Britiili  fortrefs  in  New  South 
vVales,  in  N  America,  fituatcd  on  the 
river  of  the  fame  name.  N  lat.  52  14,  40 
W  Ion.  815938. 

Albany  Rivsr,  falls  into  Jame's  bay,  in 
N  America,  in  N  lat.5 1  30,  W  long.  84  30. 
This  river  runs  in  a  N  E  diree^tion,  and 
lias  communication  with  a  vaft  chain  of 
fmall  lakes,  in  a  line  S  W  to  the  S  end  of 
Winnipeg  lake,  a  body  of  water  next  in 
iize  to  Lake  Superior. 

xllhnnarle  County,  in  Virginia,  h'es  be- 
tween the  blue  ridge  and  the  tide  waters, 
and  contains  9003  free  inhabitants,  and 
7436  (laves.  Its  extent  about  2)5  miles 
fquare.  Rich  mines  of  iron  ore  have  been 
difcovered  in  this  county. 

Albemarle  Sound,  QTi  tiie  COaft  of  North 
Carolina,  is  a  kind  of  inland  fea,  60  miles 
in  length,  and  from  8  to  I2  in  breadth. 
It  lies  north  of  Pamplico  Sound,  and 
c-ommunicatcs  with  it;  as  it  iikewife  does 
ivith  Currituck  Inlet.  I:  receives  Roan- 
oke and  Mehcrrin  rivers  ;  and  the  paf- 
fage  into  it  from  the  fea  is  tailed  Roan- 
cke  Inlet. 

Albion,  Ne.tu,  the  name  given  by  Sir 
Francis  Drake  to  California,  and  part  of 
the  N  W  Goaft  of  America,  when  he  took 


pofTeluon  of  It.     A  large  traa  of  the  N 
W  coafi:  is  thus  called.    Capt.  Cook  land- 
ed on    a    part  of  this  coafl:  on  the  7th  of 
March,  1778,  in  N   lat.   74  33,  E   Ion?. 
^25  lOj  which  he  thtis  defcril)ts  :  "  1  he 
|j  land  is   full   of  mountains,   the  tops    of 
!{  which  aie  covered  .virh  fuow  ;  while  the 
ji  valiies    'between   them,  and  the   grounds 
ti  on  the  fea  coafl,  high  as  well  as  low,  are 
jj  covered  wiih  trees,  which  form  a  beauti- 
ll  ful  profpedl.  as  one  vail  foreft.     At  iirfi 
I  the  natives  if^emed  to  prefer  iron  to  every 
!'  (>iher  article  of  comm.crce  ;  at   lart  thty 
I    preferred  brafs.     They  v/ere  more  tcna- 
I    cious  of  tlieir   property  than  any  of  the 
';  favage    nations  that   had  hitherto   been 
m.et  wiih  ;  io  that  they   would  not  pait 
with   wood,  water,  grafs,  nor   the    moft 
trifling  article   without    a  compenfation, 
and   were  fometimes  very  unreafonable 
in  their  demands." 

Aleff/pif^on,  a  Imall  lake  northward  of 
Lake  Superior. 

Alessandria,  a  townflnp  in  Grafton  co, 
N  Hampfliire,  containing  303  inhabit- 
ants ;  incorporated  in  1782. 

Alexandria,  a  townfliip  in  Hiinterdon 
CO.  N  Jc:-fey, containing  1503  inhabitants. 
Alexandria,  a  fmall  town  in  Huntingdon 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  Frankflown 
branch  of  Juniatta  river  ;  192  miles  N 
W  of  Philadelphia. 

Alexandria,  formerly  called  Belhaven,  a 
city  in  Virginia,  lituated  on  the  fouthern 
bank  of  the  Patowmac  river,  in  Fairfax 
CO.  about  5  miles  S  W  from  the  Federal 
City,  60  S  W  from  Baltimore,  60  N  from 
Fredcrickfburgh,  168  N  of  Williamfburgh, 
and  290  from  the  fea  ;  38  45  N  lat.  and 
77  10  \V  long.  Its  fituarion  is  elevated 
arid  plcafant.  I'he  foil  is  clayey.  The 
original  fettlers,  anticipating  its  future 
growth  and  importance,  laid  out  the 
ftreets  on  the  plan  of  Philadelphia.  It 
H  contains  about  500  houfes,  many  of 
j;  which    are   handfomely  built,  and  4196 

II  free  inhabitants,  and  87J  flaves.^  This 
!  city,  upon  opening  the  navigation  of 
]  Patowmac  river,  and  in  confequence  of 
!  its  vicinity  to  the  feat  of  the  federal  gov- 
t  ernment,  bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  mofl 
j  thriving  commercial  places  on  the  con- 
tinent. 

Alford,  a  townfliipin  Bcrkfi-iire  county, 
Mafl'achufetts,  containing  518  inhabit- 
ants ;  between  Great  Barrington  and 
W   Stockbridge. 

^//"<5/-rf)?o-^«,  a  fmall  town  in  Moor  coun- 
ty, North  Carolina. 
Alfred^  a  town  in  York  ca,  Maine,  ly- 
ing 


ALL 


ALL 


u>.g  between  Sanford,  Shaplcigh,  Coxhall 
and  Waterborough.  A  braucli  of  Mou- 
i'om  river  pallcs  throiit'li  it  into  Wells. 
In  the  ftate  police  this  townfiiip  ia 
called  a  diftri<5i,  and  is  by  law  joined 
with  -iiiiford  in  the  ekclion  of  a  rcnrf- 
fcntytivc  to  the  ftate  legiflaturc. 

A'gorquins,  an  Indian  nation  in  Uppci 
Canada,  on  the  nortli  fide  of  Lake  Huron- 

Alburg,  atQwnfliip  in  Franklin  county,- 
ycimont,  containing  7|o  inhabiloait^. 
It  lies  in  tlie  N  W  corner  of  the  date  on 
the  Canada  Jinc,  at  the  north  end  of  Lake 
ChamplaJn. 

Alkjnfas.      See  Athanfas  River. 

A\'eg/jjny  Mountains,  between  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  the  Milllfippi  river,  and 
the  lakes,  are  a  long  and  broad  range  of 
jr,oiintains,  made  up  of  a  great  nund)er  of 
ridges,  Extending  northeafterly  and  fuuth- 
wcflcrly,  nearly  parallel  to  the  fca  coaft, 
ibout  900  miles  in  length,  and  from  60  to 
J50  and  aoo  miles  in  breadth.  Air.  Evans 
obferves,  with  refpecc  to  that  pait  of  thel'e 
mountains  which  he  travelled  over,  viz.  in 
theback  parts  of  Pennfyivania,thatfcarce- 
ly  one  acre  in  ten  is  capable  of  culture. 
This,  however,  is  far  from  being  the  cafe 
in  all  parts  of  this  range.  Numerous 
tracts  of  fine  arable  and  grazing  land 
intervene  between  the  ridges.  The 
diiFerent  ridges  which  compole  this  im- 
menfe  range  of  mountains,  have  different 
names  In  the  ditlercnt  fiates,  viz.  the  Blue 
Ridge,  the  North  Mountain,  OV  North  RiJge, 
pr  Devil's  Baclhone,  Laurd  RUge,  "Jack/on  ^ 
Mountains ^ZW^Kittatiuny  Mountains ;  which 
fee  un4er  thtfe  names-  All  thele  ridges, 
except  the  AHighany,  are  broken  through 
by  rivers,  which  appear  to  have  forced 
their  way  through  folid  rocks.  This  prin- 
cipal ridge  is  more  immediately  called 
Alleghany,  and  is  defcriptivcly  named 
tl;c  Backbone  of  the  United  States.  From 
thefe  feveral  ridges  proceed  innumerable 
branches,  or  fpuis.  The  general  name  of 
the  whole  range,  taken  colledtively,  fecms 
not  yet  to  have  been  determined,  Mr. 
Evans  calls  them  the  £ndlefs  Mountains  ; 
others  have  called  them  the  yliJpalachain 
Mountains,  from  a  tribe  of  Indians  who 
live  on  a  river  wJiich  proceeds  from  this 
mountain,  called  the  Appalachicola  ; 
but  the  moil  common  name  is  the 
Alcghany  Mountains,  io  called  probably, 
from  the  principal  ridge  of  the  range. 
Thefe  mountains  are  not  confufedly 
fcattcred,  riung  here  and  there  into 
Ingh  peaks,  overtopping  each  other  ;  but 
ru*i  along  in  uniform  ridges,  fcajcely  half 


a  mile  high.  They  fprc-jad  as  you  proceed 
louth,  and  feme  of  them  terminate  in 
high  perpendicular  blufTs  :  others  gradu- 
ally fublide  into  a  level  country,  giving 
rife  to  the  rivers  which  run  fbuthcrly  in- 
to the  Gulf  of  jVlexico. 

Allegh<-iny  River,  in  Pcnnfylvania,  rife^ 
on  the  wcftern  iids  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountain,  and  after  running  about  200 
miles  in  a  S  W  uireiition,  rneets  the  Mo- 
uongahcla  at  Pictfburg,  and  both  united, 
form  the  Ohio.  The  lands  on  each  lide 
of  this  river,  foi'  130.  miles  above  Pittl- 
burg,  coniid  of  white  oak  and  chefnut 
ridges,  and,  in  many  places,  of  poor 
pitch  pines,  interfperfed  with  tradls  of 
good  land,  and  low  meadows.  'I  his  riv- 
er, and  the  Ohio  likewife,  from  its  head 
waters  until  it  enters  the  Miflifippi,  arc 
known  and  called  by  the  name  of  Allegha- 
ny River,  by  the  Seneca,  and  other  tribes 
of  the  Six  Nations,  who  once  inhabited  it. 

Alleghany  County,  in  Pennfylvania,  for- 
merly extended  from  the  jundtion  of  the 
river  of  that  naijae  with  the  Ohio,  where 
its  chief  town,  Pittfourg,  is  fituated,  tq 
the  l-Jew  York  line.  It  has  lately  been 
divided.  It  contains  15,087  inhabitants, 
including  79  flaves. 

Alleghany,  is  the  mofl:  weftern  county  iR 
Maryland,  and  has  Pennfvlvania  on  the 
north.  The  windings  of  the  Patowmac 
River  feparate  it  from  yirginia  on  thf: 
fouth,  and  Sidelinghill  Creek  divides  it 
from  Wailiington  county  on  the  eafl.  It 
contains  6303  inhabitants,  including  499 
flaves.  Cumberland  is  its  chief  town. 
The  principal  rivers  which  pafs  through 
this  county,  behde  the  Patowmac  are 
Youghegany  and  Savage  rivers,  Wills  and 
Town  creek,  In  fome  parts  are  found 
large  quantities  of  iron  ore,  limertone,and 
ftone  coal.  The  mofl:  common  produce 
of  the  county  is  wheat,  rye,  barley,  corn, 
I  oats,  buckwheat,  iiemp,  flax,  potatoes  and 

tobacco. 
!       Allemaengel,  3.  fmall   Moravian  fettle- 
njent  on  Swetara  River   in  Pennfylvania. 

Alletnand,  a   river  which  falls   into  the 
I  Miiriiippi  from  the  S  E  about  43  miles  S 
of  the  Natches, 

Allenjhivn,  a  town  in  New  Jerfey,  in 
Monmouth  county,  15  rniles  N  E  from 
Burlington,  and  13  S  by  E  from  Prince- 
ton. 

Allenfoivn,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingliam 
county,  New  HampHiire,  containing  315 
inhabitants ;  lituated  on  the  E  fide  of 
Merrimack  river,  25  miles  N  W  of  Exe- 
ter,   and  40  from  Portfinouih. 


AM  A 


AM  A 


Allen  Terr,?,  in  Pennfylvania,  North- 
hampton CO.  on  the  ptiint  of  land  formed 
ivy  Jordan's  creek,  and  the  Little  Lchiegh. 
i%  contains  about  90  houfes,  and  an  acad- 
cniy. 

Allmvay  Crech,  in  Salem  cc.  N  Jerfey, 
empties  into  the  Delaware.  \t  is  iiaviga- 
^jie  30  or  /50  miles,  but  very  crooked,  and 
kiterirupted    by  ieveral  draw  i)ridges. 

AU  Saints,  iilands  near  Guadaloupe 
sSand,  in  the  Weft  Indies. 

All  Siii.vts,  a  parilli  in  Georgetown  dif- 
trpct,  S  Carolina,  ft  fends  a  mcntber  to 
icaeb  houfe  of  th-e  Rate  Icgiiilature. 

All  Saints  Bay,,  a  capiainfliip  in  the 
middle  dlvifion  of  Brazil,  fo  called  from 
a  large  bay  of  ihat  name,  l>ounded  N  by 
the  Ria  Real  \  on  ihc  S  by  ttiat  of  Las 
llliieos  ;  on  the  E  by  th«  ocean  ;  and  on 
tlveWliy  three  unconquered  nations  of 
fodians.  It  i.s  reckoned  one  of  the  richeft 
and  mofl:  fertile captainlliips  in  all  Brazil, 
producing  greai  qaantitics  of  cotton  and 
•fi!^f»r.  The  bay  itfelf  is  about  2\  leagues 
ovcr,inter.fperfed  with  a  number  of  final!, 
bttt  pleafant  iflands,  and  is  of  prodigious 
advaittage  to  the  whole  country.  It  has 
feveral  cities  and  towns,  particaarly  St 
Salvador,  which  is  its  capital.  All  Snints 
Ij^Y  lies  in  Ut.  12  3  S,  ion.  40  10  W.  See 
Siil':>aJ(ir. 

Alniaria.      See  Villa  Rica. 
Alrnira^a  town  in  Mexico,     See  Angelas. 
A^mjhury,  commonly  called  Afnejhury,  is 
a  fioyrifliing  town  in  Elfcx  county,  Maf- 
fechufctts,  00  the  north  weftern  bank  of 
Merrimack   river,    about.  5  miles  N  W 
ef  Ncwbujryport,  containing  1 157  inhab- 
itants.    I*owa\vs  river  divides  the  town- 
Tnip  from  Saliibury,  over  which  a  hand- 
iomc  bridge  has  lately  been  ere<5>ed.     A 
number  of  mills, and  a  nail  manufadlory 
tT:andon  the  lower  falie.  See  F^'warcs  river. 
A'Jleati,  a  townfliip  in  Chcfliire  co.  N 
Hampiliire,  containing  1606  inhabitants, 
8  miles  S  from  Charleftown. 

Alton,  a  townlhip  in  StrafFord  ca  N 
Hampfliirc,  N  E  from  Bnrnftcad,  and 
has  721  inhabitants. 

Aharado,  a  river  in  New  Spain,  which 
rlfes  in  the  mountains  of  the  Zapotecas, 
and,  after  making  a  circuit  through  the 
proviiice  of  Mazaitan,  and  rceeiving  fev- 
tral  fmaller  rivers  and  ftreams,  empties 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  30  miles  dif- 
tance  from  Vera  Cruz. 

Amanihn,  a   town  on  the  coalT:  of  Qui-* 
ana,  between  Paramaribo  and  Cayenne 
Atnapalla,  ^^  feaport  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  GuatimKia,  in  North  Amc:;ica,  on 


a  gulf  of  the  fame  name,  220  miles  S  E 
of  the  town  of  Guatimala,  N  lat.  12  30, 
W  Ion.  86  40, 

Amarifcoggin  Ri-ver  See  Androfcoggin. 
Anratiqurs,  a  feaport  town  at  the  mouth 
of  Guanacos  river,  which  empties  intr^ 
the  Amatique  galf,  or  gulf  of  Hondtira!-;, 
in  the  province  of  Vera  Pas,  Mexico. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  logwood  cut- 
ters, and  on  the  S  p f  the  gulf  is  a  traA  of 
land  called  Amatique  land.  Lat.  15  23  N. 
Lon.  89  W. 

A"ic:zc;7ia,  a  large  country  in  S  Ameri- 
ca, 1400   miles    in   length,  and    900  in 
breadth ;  lituated  bettveen   the  equator 
and  20  S  lat.  and  bounded  N  by  Terr^ 
Firma  and  G-uiana  ;  E  by  Braail ;  S  by 
Paraguay,  and  \Vt»y  Peru  ;  but  has  nev- 
CT.  yet   been  thoroughly  explored.     The 
river  Am.azon,  called  alfo  Maragnoa,the 
largefl:  in  the  known  world,  gives  name  to 
this  country.     A  great  number  of  rivers 
which  rufli  down  with  amazing  impetu- 
ofity  from  the  eaftern  declivity  of  the  An- 
des, unite  in  a  fpacious  plain^  and  form 
this   imn;enfe  river,     in  its    progrefs  it 
rua?    3300   miles   from  W  to  E   acrofs 
Soiith  America.      Some    of    the    rivers 
which   fall  into  it   are  very  broad  and 
deep.      The  chief  of  thtfe,  from  the  S 
and  S  W   proceeding  from  the  mo.uth 
weftward,  are  Araguaya,  Paratinaa,  Ma- 
deira, Purus,  Yulay,  Yulacina,  and  Uc- 
ayni,  rivers.     From  the  Nand  N  W  pro- 
greffing  from  its  mouth,  are  Parma,  Ne- 
gro, Yupura,  IfTa,  and  Napo,  which  laft 
i  rifcs  near  the  town  of  Archidona,  about 
150  miles  caftward  of  Quito.     The  Ama- 
:zon  is  interfperfed  with  a  great  number 
ofiflands,  which  are  too  ofcen  overflow- 
ed to  admit  of  culture.     It  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  ocean  under  the  equator,  and  is 
there   150  miles  broad.     It  received  its 
prefent    name  from    Frai\cis  d'Orillana, 
who  faid  he  faw  armed   women   on  it? 
banks.     He  was  deputed,    in    15 16,  to. 
penetrate  into  the   courfcs  of  this   river, 
which  he  did  with   an  armed  fliip,  and 
fought  fevcral  nations  of  Indians,  till  he 
came    to  that  place  where  he    faw  the 
armed  women,  who,  with  bows  and  ax- 
rows,  oppofed    his  paflage.     The  air  i? 
cooler  in  this  couijtry  than  conld  be  ex- 
pecfled,  conJidering   it  is  fituated  in   the 
middle  of  the  torrid  zone.     This  is  part- 
ly owing  to  the  heavy  rains  which  occa- 
lion  the  rivers   to   overflow  their  banks 
one  half  of  the  year,  and  partly  to  the 
cloudincfs  of  the  weather ,  which  obfcures 
the  fun  a  great  part  of  the  time  -t  is  above 

thp 


r 


AMB 


AME 


the  horizon.  During  the  rainy,  feafoil, 
the  country  is  fubjed:  to  dreadful  ftorms 
of  thunder  and  lightning.  The  foil  is 
extremely  fertile,  producing  a  great  vari- 
»  ety  of  the  tropical  fruits ;  likewifc  a  varie- 
ty of  timber,  as  cedar,  redwood,  oak, 
ebony,  logwood,  and  many  other  Ibrts 
of  dying  wood  ;  together  with  tobacco, 
fugar  canes,  cotton,  potatoes,  balHim,  hon- 
ey, &c.  The  woods  abound  with  tigers, 
wild  boars,  ImfFaloes,  deer,  and  game 
of  various  kinds»  The  rivers  and  lakes 
abound  with  iifli.  Here  are  alfo  fca 
cows  and  turtles  ;  l>ut  the  alligators  and 
\iater  fcrpents  render  fifliing  a  danger- 
ous employment.  The  natives  of  this 
country  are  of  a  good  liature,  have  hand- 
fome  features,  long  black  hair,  and  are 
of  a  copper  colour.  They  are  faid  to 
have  a  tafte  fdr  the  imitative  arts,  cfpecial- 
ly  painting  and  fculpture,  and  turn  out 
good  mechanics.  They  fpiu  and  weave 
cotton  cloth.  Their  houl'esarebuiltwith 
wood  and  clay,  and  thatched  with  reeds. 

Their  arms  in  general,  are  darts  and 
32vtiins,bows  and  arrows,  with  targets  of 
cane  or  fiili  iTcins.  The  feveral  nations 
are  governed  by  chiefs  or  caciques  ;  it 
being  obfervable  that  the  monarchical 
form  of  government  has  prevailed  almofl: 
iinivcrfally,  both  among  ancient  and  mod- 
ern nations,  in  a  rude  ftate  of  fociety. 
The  regalia  which  diftinguifli  tlie  chiefs, 
are  a  crown  of  parrot's  feathers,  a  chain 
of  tiger's  teetli  or  claws,  which  hang 
round  the  waift,  and  a  Avoodcn    fv/ord. 

Amber  Bay, on  the  peninfulaof  Yucatan, 
in  the  bay  of  Honduras,  lies  N  of  Afcen- 
Jton  bay^  which  fee. 

Amber greefe  Key ^■ZXi'x^Z.wdi.  in  Hanover 
bay,  on  the  call  fide  of  the  peniniula  of 
Yucatan,  in  the  bay  of  Honduras.  Ir 
runs  along  the  mouth  of  the  bay,  is  70 
miles  long,  but  very  narrow.  See  Afcen- 
Jioii  bay. 

Amboy.        See  Perth  Ambcy. 

Ambrofe,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
ocean,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  4  or  5  leagues 
due  W  from  St.  Felix  i(land.  At  lirft  view, 
it  appears  like  twofmall  iflands,  but  after 
a  nearer  approach,  it  is  found  they  are 
joined  by  a  reef.  It  lies  in  26  13  S  lat. 
and  80  ^5  W  long,  from  Greenwich. 
There  is  a  large  rock  4  miles  to  the 
northward  of  the  ifland,  called,  from  its 
appca ranee, 5j;/i?o<;i.  Capt.  Roberts,  who 
•was  here  in  1792,  found  St.  Felix  iHaiul 
inacceffible.  On  St.  Ambrofe  ifland,  his 
crew  killed  and  cured  13,000  feal  Ikins  of 
thebe ft  quality,  in  fevcn  weeks  Theifla'nd 
VvL.  J.  '  8 


has  Uttle  elfe  to  recommend  it.  Fifli  and 
crawfith  abound.  The  beft  feafon  for  feal- 
ing  is  from  the  ift  of  April  to  the  ift  of 
Auguft.  The  ifland  has  the  appearance  of 
having  had  volcanic  eruptions, 

Amelia,  a  county  in  Virginia,  fituated 
between  the  blue  ridge  and  the  tide  waters, 
having  Cumberland  county  N,  Prince 
George  county  E,  and  l.,unengburg  coun- 
ty S  and  W.  AmeUa  contains  2848  free 
inhabitants,  and  6585  flaves.  An  acade- 
my has  lately  been  eftablifhed  and  incor- 
porated here  by  the  name  of  JeffcrfoA 
academy. 

Amelin  IJle,  on  the  coaft  of  E  Florida, 
lies  about  7  leagues  N  of  St.  Auguftine, 
and  very  near  Talbot  ifland  on  the  S,  at 
the  mouth  of  St.  John's  river.  It  is  13 
miles  long  and  a  broad,  is  very  fertile, 
and  has  an  excellent  harbour.  Its  N  end 
lies  oppofite  Cumberland  ifland,  between 
which  and  AmeHa  ifle  is  the  entry  into 
St.  Mary's  river,  in  N  lat.  30  52,  W  Ion. 
67  23. 

Amel'ms,  Ecor  a,  is  a  fouth  caftern  head 
branch  of  Wabafli  river,  whofe  mouth  is 
9  miles  N  E  from  the  mouth  of  Salamauie 
river,  and  45  miles  S  W  from  the  Miami 
village  and  fort. 

Amoenia,  a  thriving  townfliip  in  Dutch- 
efs  county,  New  York,  6  mih  s  diftant 
from  Sharon,  in  Connedticut.  It  contains 
3078  inhabitants,  of  whom  383  are  eletft- 
ors. 

America,  is  one  of  the  four  quarters  of 
the  w^orld,  probably  the  largeil  of  the 
whole-  and  is  from  its  late  difcovery.  fre- 
quently denominated  the  Neiu  IVorld^ 
or  Neiv  Hcmifpberc.  Thii  vafl:  country, 
extends  from  the  56th  drgree  of  S  lat.  to 
the  north  pole,  and  from  the  3  Jth  to  the 
i6jth  degree  of  W  long,  from  Greenwich. 
It  is  nearly  io,coo  miles  in  length.  Its 
average  breadth  may  be  about  1800  or 
2000  miles  It  has  two  fummers,  and  a 
double  winter,  and  crfjoys  alm^jfl  all  the 
variety  of  climates  which  the  earth  af- 
fords. It  is  waihed  by  two  great  oceans. 
To  the  eaflward  it  has  the  Atlantic, 
which  devidcs  it  from  Europe  and  Africa. 
To  the  W  it  has  the  Pacific,  or  Great 
South  Sea,  by  which  it  is  feparated  from. 
Afia.  By  thcfe  it  carries  on  a  dircdl  com- 
merce with  the  other  three  parts  of  the 
world.  America  is  divided  into  two  great 
.continents,  called  North  and  South  Amer- 
ica, by  an  ifthmus  about  500  miles  long; 
and  w^hich,  at  Darien,  about  lat.  9  N,  i$ 
only  60  miles  over  ;  other  writers  fay  34 
m<l©8.     This  iflh^ius,  with  the  northern 

and 


A  ME 


A  ME 


aitd  foutlicrn  continents,  forms  the  Gulph 
of  Mexico,  in  and  near  wliich  lie   the  ill- 
ands,  ciillcd  the  IVcjl  J/idUs,  in  coutradif- 
tinclion  to  the  eaflern  parts  of  Alia,  which 
are   called   the  E.^Jl    laJh-s.     la  America 
nature  fcems  to  have  carried  on  her    op- 
cratipns  upon  a  larger   I'calc,  and  witli  a 
bolder  hand,  and  to  have  difl.inguillied  the 
features  of  this    country    by  a    peculiar 
r.i.ignilicence.  The  mountains  of  America 
are   much  fupcrior  in  height  to  thofe  iu 
the  other  divifions  of  tlie  globe.    Even  the 
plain  of  Quito,  which  may  be  conlidered 
;is  the  bafe  of  the  Abides,  is  elevated  farther 
above  the  level  o^  the  fea  than  the  top  of 
the  Pyrenees  in  Europe;  and   Chimbora- 
zo,  the  moil  elevated  point  of  the  Andes, 
ts  20,x8o  feet  high,  which  is  at  Icafl  710Z 
feet  above  the  peak  of  TenerifFe.     From 
the    lofty    and    cxtenfive    mountains   of 
America,  defcend  rivers,  with  which  the 
tlr earns  of  Europe:,  of  Aila,  of    of  Africa^ 
arc  not  to  be  compared,  either  for  length 
of  courlejOr  for  the  vaft  body  of  water, 
■which  they  convey    to  the  ocean.     The 
Danube,  the  Indus,    the    Changes,  or    the 
Kile,  in  the  eaflcrn  hemil'phere,  are   not 
of  equal  magnitude  even  with  the  St. Law- 
rence, the    MiJlouri,  or  the  Miflifippi,  in 
North  America  ;  and  fall  far  Ihort  of  the 
Amazon,  and    the    La    Plata    in    South 
America.     The  lakes  of  the  New   World 
are  no  lei's  conlpicuous  for  grandeur  than 
its  mountains  and  rivers.     There  is  noth- 
ing in  other  parts  of  the  globe  which  re- 
fembles  the  prodigious  chain  of  lakes    in 
North  America,  viz.  Superior,  Michigan, 
Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario.     They  may  be 
properly  termed  inhuidfeas  of  frefli  wa- 
ter.    And  even    thofe   of  the  fecond   or 
third  clafs,  are  of  greater  circuit,  (theCaf- 
pian  fea  excepted)   than  the  greatefl  lake 
of  the  ancient  continent.    The  luxuriance 
of  the   vegetable    creation   in   the   New 
World  is  extremely  great.     In  the  fouth- 
ern  provinces,  where  the  moifturc  of  the 
climate  is  aided  by  the  v/arn.rh  of  the  fun, 
the  woods  are  almoft  impervious,  and  the 
furface  of  the  ground  is  hid  from  the  eye 
under  a  thick  covering  of  ilirubs,  of  herbs, 
and  weeds.     In  the  northern    prox'inces, 
alihfmgh  the  forefls  are    not  incumbered 
witli  the  fame  wild  luxuriance  of  vegeta- 
tion, the  trees  of  various  fpecies  are  gener- 
ally   more  lofty,  and  often  much  larger, 
than  are  to  be  feen  in  any  other  parts  of 
the  world.     This   vaft   country  produces 
mofl:  of  the  metals,  minerals,  plants,fruits, 
&c.  to  be  met  with  in  the  other  parts  of 
the  world,  and  many  of  them  in  greater 


quantities,  and  in  high  perfection,     llisr 
gold  and  filver  of  America  have  fupplitd 
Europe  with  thofe  precious  metals.     The 
gold  and  filver  of  Europe  now  bear  httle 
proportion    to  the  high    price  fet  upon 
them  before  the  difcovery  of  America.    It 
alio  produces  diamonds,  pearls,  emeralds, 
amethyfts,  and  other  valuable  flones.     To 
thefe,  which  are  chiefly  the  productions  of 
iouth  America,   may   be   added  a  great 
number    of    other   commodities,   which, 
thougli  of  lefs  price,  are  of  much  greater 
uf  j.     Of  thefe  are  the  plentiful  fuppUes 
of  cochineal,  indigo,  anatto,  logwood,  bra- 
zil, fuftic,  pimenta,  lignumvitse,  rice,  gin- 
ger, cocoa,  or  the  chocolate   nut,   lugar, 
cotton,  tobacco,   banillas,   redwood,   the 
balfams  of  Tolu,   Peru,  and  Chili,  that 
valuable  article  in  medicine,  the  Jefuit'a 
bark,  mechoacan,   faffafras,    farfaparilla, 
cailia,  tamarinds,  hides,  furs,  ambergrife, 
and  a  great   variety  of  woods,  roots,  and 
plants,  to  which,  before  the   difcovery  of 
America,  the  Europeans  were   either  en- 
tire flrangers,  or  which  they  were  forced 
to  buy  at   an  extravagant  rate  from  Afia 
and  Africa,  through  the  hands  of  the  Ve- 
netians and  Genoefe,  who  then  engrolTed 
the  trade  of  the   eafl:ern  world.     On  thif' 
continent  there   grows   alfo  a  varietv   of 
excellent  native  fruits  ;  as   pine   apples, 
citrons,   lemons,   oranges,   pomegranate?* 
fig^',  grapes,  a  great   variety   of  culinary, 
medicinal,  and   other    herbs,   roots   and 
plants,  with   many    exotfc   productions, 
which  are  brought  to  as  great  perfeClioa 
as  in  their  native  foil.     Notwithflanding 
the  many  fettlements  of  the  Europeans  on 
this  continent,  great  part  of  America  re- 
mains almoft  unknown.     N  America  con- 
tains the  four  Eritifh  provinces,    viz.    i. 
Upper  Canada  ;    1.  Loiver  Canada,  to  which 
are  annexed  Nciv  Britain,  and   the  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton  :    3.  Nezv  Brunfiiick  ,•  4.  No- 
I'u  Scotia,   to  which  is  annexed   Si.  Johns 
J/land.     Belldes   thefe   are   the   iflands  of 
Neirf.Hindland,  and  the  United  States,    It  con- 
tains alfo  the  Spanifli  territories  of  Florida^ 
Neiv  Mexico,    California,  Jl'fcxieo,  and  JLow 
ifiana,  lately  purchafed  by   the   U  States. 
Bcfide  thefe,  there  are  immenfe  unexplor- 
ed regions  to   the   W  and  N  W.     In  the 
fouthern  continent,  lie   the  Spanifli  prov- 
inces of  Terra  Firm  a,  Guiana,  Peru,  Fara- 
^:tay,   and   Chili;  together  -with   that   of 
Brazil,  belonging  to  the  Portuguefe,  and 
the  country  of  Surinam,  belonging  to  the 
Dutch.     Vaft  traCls,  however,  in  the  in- 
land parts,  are  unknown,  being  compre- 
hended under  the  general  name  of  Ama- 

zon:a% 


AME 


A  ME 


rorua,  formerly  called  Maragnon.  A 
large  diftriA  alfo  lies  between  the  flralts 
of  Magellan  and  the .  province  of  Para- 
guay, called  Patagonlay  little  k';iown.  A- 
rierica,  fo  far  as  known,  is  chiefly  claimed 
and  divided  into  colonies,  by  three  Euro- 
pean nations,  the  Spaniai-ds,  Britifli,  and 
Portuguefe.  The  Spaniard"?,  as  they  firft 
difcovered  it,  have  the  largeft  and  richeft 
portion,  extending  from  Louifiana  and 
New  Mexico,  in  N  America,  to  the  ftraits 
of  Magellan,  in  the  South  Sea,  except- 
ing the  large  province  of  Brazil,  which 
belongs  to  Portugal  ;  for,  though  the 
French  and  Butch  have  feme  forts  upon 
^Surinam  and  Guiana,  they  fcareely  deferve 
to  be  confidered  as  proprietors  of  any  part 
of  the  fouthern  continent.  Next  to  Spain 
the  raoft  confiderable  proprietor  of  Ame- 
rica was  Great  Britain,  who  derived  her 
claim  to  N  America  from  the  firfl  dilcov- 
ery  of  that  continent,  by  Sebaftian  Cabot, 
in  the  name  of  Henry  VII.  of  England,  in 
the  year  1497,  about  6  years  after  the  dif- 
covery  of  S  America  by  Columbus,  in  the 
name  of  the  king  of  Spaii"u  The  country 
was  in  general  called  NeivfoundUvui,  a  name 
which  is  now  appropriated  folely  to  an 
iHand  on  its  coafl.  It  was  a  long  time  be- 
fore the  Engliflr  made  any  attempt  to  fet- 
tle in  this  country.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
an  uncommon  genius,  and  a  brave  com- 
mander, iirit  fliewed  the  way,  by  planting 
a  colony  in  the  fouthern  part,  which  he 
called  Virginia,  in  honor  of  queen  Eliza- 
beth, who  w^s  unmarried.  The  French, 
indeed,  from  this  period  until  the  conclu- 
fion  of  the  war  of  1756,  laid  a  claim  to, 
and  a<ftually  poflefied,  Canada  and  I.ouiii- 
ana  ;  but,  in  that  war,  they  were  not  only 
driven  from  Canada,  and  its  dependencies, 
but  obliged  to  relinquifh  all  that  part  of 
Louifiana  lying  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Mlffi- 
iippi  ;  and  the  Britifh  colonies,  at  the 
peace  of  1763,  extended  fo  far  as  to  ren- 
der it  difficult  to  afcertain  the  preclfe 
bounds  of  the  empire  of  G  Britain  in  N 
America.  To  the  northward,  Britain 
might  have  extended  her  claims  quite  to 
the  pole.  From  that  extremity,  flie  had  a 
territory  extending  fouthward  to  C.ipe 
Florida,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  N  lat. 
25,  and,  confequently,  near  ^oco  miles  in 
a  direct  line.  And  to  the  weftward,  the 
boundaries  were  unknown  ;  but  having 
entered  into  impolitic  difputes  with  her 
colonies.  Hie  brought  on  a  war,  of  which 
Tiie  felt  the  ruinous  eftedls,  by  the  dlfmem.- 
berment  of  her  empire  in  N  America  : 
««d  Britifli  America,  at  the  peace  in  1783, 


was  circumrcrlbed  within  the  nnrrovv  lim- 
its already  mentioned.  America  was  very 
probably  peopled  early  after  the  flood. 
See  Wall  Siihterranc<Tn,  Who  were  the 
firft  people  of  America  ?  And  whence  did 
they  come  ?  are  queflions  concerning 
which  much  has  been  laid  nnd  written. 
Dr.Robertfon  and  the  AbbeCIavigero  have 
attempted  a  folution  of  them.  A  fum- 
mary  of  their  opinions  may  be  found  in  the 
American  Unii'erfal  Geography.  It  has  been 
common,  in  eftimating  the  population  of 
the  whole  world,  to  allow  150  millions  to 
America.  But  this  is  probably  five  times 
their  real  number.  For  if  \xc  fuppofe 
every  part  of  the  whole  continent  of  A- 
merica  to  be  as  populous  as  the  U  States, 
(which  is  not  the  cafe)  the  whole  number 
will  be  but  about  6c  millions.  The  exaA 
number  is  probably  not  more  than 
30,000,00a  The  prefent  Americans  may 
be  divided  into  two  general  claffes.  Firlt, 
the  proper  Americans,  com.monly  called  In- 
dians, fometimes  Aborigines,  or  thofe  who 
are  defcended  from  the  firft  inhabitants  of 
the  new  world,  and  vv'ho  have  not  mixed 
tlieir  blood  with  the  inhabitantc}  of  the  old 
continent.  Secondly,  thofe  who  have  mi- 
grated, or  have  been  tranfported  to  Am.e- 
rica,  fince  its  difcovery  by  Columbus,  aaid 
their  defcendants.  'I'he  former  may  be 
fubdivided  Into  three  clafTes.  Firft,  the 
S  American  Indians,  v.'ho  probably  came 
over  from  the  northern  and  weflern  parts 
of  Africa,  and  the  fouthern  parts  of  Afia 
and  Europe.  Secondly,  the  Mexicans,  and 
all  the  Indians  fouth  of  the  lakes  and  weft 
of  the  MllTifippI.  Thirdly,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Efquimeaux,  Labrador,  and  the 
countries  around  them.  The  latter  may 
alfo  be  diftinguiflied  into  three  clalTes. 
Firfl,  Europeans  of  many  diflerent  nations, 
who  have  migrated  to  America,  and  their 
defcendants,  of  unmixed  blood.  In  this 
clafs  we  include  t\\Q  Spaniards,  Englifh, 
Scotch,  Irifli,  French,  Portuguefe,  Ger- 
mans, Dutch,  Swedes,  Sec.  both  in  N  and 
S  Am.crica.  Secondly,  Africans,  who 
have  been  tranfported  to  America  and  its 
illands,  and  their  defcendants.  Thirdly, 
the  mixed  breeds  called  by  the  Spaniards, 
Cajlas,  by  the  Englifli,  Mulattoes,  that  is, 
thofe  wlio  are  defcended  from  an  Euro- 
pean and  an  American,  or  fi-om  an  Euro- 
pean and  African,  or  from  an  African  and 
American. 

Amcfbiiry.     See  Almjlttry. 

Ameivcll.,  is  the  moft  populous  town  in. 
Hunterdon  co.  N  Jerfey.     It  contained  in 
1-9  0JJ20I  inhabitants.     It  is   on  Dela- 
ware 


AMO 


ANC 


Wai-e  river,  between  Kingwood  and  Hope- 
well, 34  miles  N  of  Philadelphia. 

yi;/;.  -  "'^,  a  towialilp  iu  Cumberland  co. 
Nova  Sco-ia,  on  Chigned:o  Bafon,  on  the 
S  lide  of  JLa  Planch  River,  and  on  the  riv- 
ers Napan  and  Maccn.  Tiie  navigation 
of  the  two  iaft  is  difficult  on  account  of 
ilioals.  The  town  was  fettled  by  North 
Irifli,  Yorkfnire  and  New  England  people. 

Amherji,  a  h^lf  fhire  town  of  Hilll- 
borough  CO.  N  Hampfliire,  formerly  Sov 
hegan  Wejl^  and  was  originally  granted 
from  Majfachufetts.  It  has  2150  inhabit- 
?  ants,  and  was  incorporated  in  1 762.  The 
Aurean  Academy  was  founded  here  in 
1 790.  It  is  on  a  northern  branch,  of  Sou- 
hegan  River,  wliich  falls  into  the  Merri- 
mack, and  is  60  miles  W  of  Portfmouth, 
and  53  N  W  of  Bofton.  N  lat.  42  54,  W 
Ion.  71  33. 

Amherji,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
TMaflachufetts,  containing  1358  inhabit- 
ants ;  87  miles  W  from  Bofton,  and  8  N 
E  from  Northampton. 

Amherji  County,  in  Virginia,  lies  between 
the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  tide  waters,  and 
contains  9339  free  inhabitants,  and  746a 
Haves.  It  lies  on  the  north  of  James  Riv- 
er, and  has  a  copper  mine  not  worked. 

Amiaz,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Brazil,  on  which  the  towns  of  Santos  and 
St.  Vincents  were  buik.  Oppofite  to  both 
fhips  find  excellent  anchorage. 

Af/iilpas,  two  volcanoes  in  the  province 
of  Guatimala,  in  N  Spain,  near  the  moun- 
tains of  Soconufco. 

Amh,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  Miffifip- 
pi  Territory,  and  after  a  foutherly  courle 
falls  into  the  Iberville.  It  is  navigable  for 
batteaux  a  conhderable  diftance. 

A^ffnoojiick ,  an  Indian  name  give.n  to 
two  rivei-s  in  N  Hc.mpfliire  :  the  one  is 
called  Upper  Amonocfuck,  paffing through 
a  tradt  of  excellent  meadow.  It  rifes  near 
the  north  end  of  the  White  Hills,  runs 
northerly  about  15  miles,  where  is  a  car- 
rying place  of  aboiit  3  miles  to  Ama- 
rifcoggtn  River.  From  thence  the  river 
runs  S  W  and  W  nearly  1  8  miles, and  emp- 
ties into  the  CcnnetSlicut  at  I'lorthum^er- 
land,  near  the  Upper  Coos.  The  other  is 
called  Great  or  Loiver  Amonoofuck,  which 
rifes  on  the  weft  fide  of  the  White  Moun- 
tains. It  falls  into  the  Connecticut  juft 
above  the  town  of  Haverhill  in  I^ower 
Coos,  by  a  mouth  ico  yards  wide.  About 
a  miles  from  its  mouth  it  receives  iVHd 
Atnonoojuck,  40  yards  wide,  from  Franco- 
nia  and  Lincoln  Mountains.  Two  or 
three  hours  rain  raifes  the  water  in  this 


Iaft  mentioned  river  feveral  feet,  and  ac- 
cafions  a  current  fo  furious  as  to  put  in 
motion  ftones  of  a  foot  in  diameter,  but 
its  violence  foon  fubfides. 

Amotapcy  a  town  in  Peru,  near  Tumbez, 
on  a  river  of  excellent  water,  and  near 
the  fliore  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  furround- 
ed  by  a  country  highly  improved,  lat.  4 
1543S. 

Ampallcy  or  Affjpalia,  a  city  and  feaport 
in  Guatimala  Gulf,  in  that  of  Mexico,  350 
miles  S  E  of  the  city  of  Guatimala,  and 
carries  on  a  briflc  trade  in  cochineal,  co- 
coa, hides,  indigo,  &c. 

Amparcs,  a  jurifdi<5lion  under  the  arch- 
bifiiop  of  Plata,  eaftward  of  that  city,  ia 
the  empire  of  Peru.  It  abounds  in  grain 
and  cattle. 

Af7jierdam,Neiv,-w?L%  the  name  originally 
given  by  the  Dutch  to  the  city  of  N  York. 

Amjierdatn,^  new  townflii^  in  Montgom- 
ery CO.  N  York.  It  contains  1064  inhabit- 
ants, 12  or  14  miles  N  W  of  Schenectady. 

Amiijheag  Falls,  in  New  Hampihire,  are 
on  Merrimack  River,  16  miles  below 
Concord,  and  7  below  Hookfet  Falls. 
It  coniifts  of  three  pitches,  one  below  the 
other,  fo  that  the  water  falls  about  80  feet, 
in  the  courfe  of  half  a  milp.  The  fecond 
pitch,  which  may  be  feen  from  the  road, 
on  the  W  fide,  is  truly  majeftic.  In  the 
middle  of  the  upper  part  of  the  fall,  is  a 
high  rocky  ifland,  on  the  top  of  which  are 
a  number  of  pits,  made  exad;ly  round,  like 
barrels  or  hogflieads,  fome  of  which  are 
capable  of  holding  fevei-al  4ons  ;  formed 
by  the  circular  motion  of  fmall  Hones,  im~ 
pelled  by  the  force  of  the  defcending  wa- 
ter. At  the  foot  of  the  rapids,  half  a  mile 
below  the  principal  fall,  is  a  bridge  556 
feet  in  length,  and  20  in  breadth,  confift- 
ing  of  2000  tons  of  timber,  and  made  pay- 
able for  travellers  57  days  after  it  was  be- 
gun. A  canal,  with  locks,  around  thefe 
falls,  is  nearly  completed.     N  lat.  42  59. 

Anahuac^  the  ancient  Indian  name  of 
New  Spain,  or  Mexico. 

Anajiatia,  St.  3.  fmall  ifland  clofe  to  the 
coaft  of  Eaft  Florida,  S  of  Maftances  inlet, 
where  the  river  Maftances  forms  two  ill- 
ands  of  the  fame  name  at  its  mouth.  St. 
Anaftatia  ifland  is  bounded  on  the  N  by 
St.  Auguftines'  bar.  Here  is  a  quarry 
of  fine  ftone  for  building. 

Ancloic  Point,  on  the  Peninfula  of  Cali- 
fornia, and  coaft  of  the  North  Pacific  O- 
cean,  lie?  in  the  30th  deg.  of  N  lat.  and 
u6th  of  W  Ion.  foutherly  from  the  town 
of  Velicata,  and  N  E  from  the  fmall  ifland 
of  Guadaloupe. 

Ancecuc 


AND 


AND 


Attcecus  Creel,  in  N  Jerfey,  a  water  of  the 
Pelaware,  6  miles. S  W  from  Burlington. 
It  is  navigable  i6  miles  ;  and  confiderable 
quantities  of  lumber  are  exported  from  it. 

Anco,  a  fmall  town  of  S  America,  3 
leagues  from  the  city  of  Guamanga. 

Andamiaylas,  a  jurifdicbion  in  S  Ameri- 
ca, in  Peru,  fubjedt  to  the  archbifliop  of 
Lima ;  E  by  S  of  the  city  of  Guamanga. 
It  abounds  in  fugar  plantations,  grain  of 
mod  forts,  and  fruits. 

Andalufia,  Ni'iv,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir- 
jma,on  the  coaft  of  the  Atlantic,  oppofite 
the  Leeward  Iflands. 

Andafcs,  an  Indian  nation  in  Canada. 

Andes.  The  principal  mountains  on  this 
weftern  continent  are  the  Cordillera  de  lot 
Andes,  or  Great  Chain  of  Andes,  in  S  A- 
merica.  They  fcretch  along  the  Pacific 
Ocean  from  the  ftraits  of  Magellan  to  the 
idhmus  of  Darien  or  Panama,  upwards  of 
4C00  miles  ;  thence  they  run  through  the 
extenhve  kingdom  of  New  Spain,  tiU  they 
jole  themfelves  in  the  unexplored  coun- 
tries of  the  north.  In  New  Spain,  the 
moft  confiderable  part  of  this  chain  is  call- 
ed Sierra  Madre,  particularly  in  Cinaloa 
imd  Tarahumery,  provinces  1200  miles 
diftant  from  the  capital.  Further  N  they 
have  been  called,  from  their  bright  ap*- 
pearance,  the  Shining  Mountains.  The 
height  of  Chimborazo,  the  moft  elevated 
point  of  this  vafl:  chain,  is  20,280  feet  a- 
bove  the  level  of  che  fea  ;  which  is  7102 
feet  higher  than  any  other  mountain  in 
the  known  world.  The  Andes  common- 
ly form  two  ridges  as  they  run,  the  one 
higher  and  barren,  and  covered  with 
fnow,  although  in  the  torrid  zone  ;  the 
other  fruitful  in  woods,  groves,  &c.  The 
Matter  abounds  with  wild  hogs  ;  and  flieep 
called  guan^cos,  refembling  a  camel  in 
fliape,  but  of  a  fmaller  fize,  whofe  hair 
for  foftnefs,  finenefs,  and  colour,  is  pre- 
ferred to  filk.  The  Andes  have  16  volca- 
noes, which  break  out  in  various  places, 
and  by  melting  the  fnow,  occalion  fuch  j 
torrents  of  water,  that  numbers  of  men  [ 
and  cattle  have  perifhed.  They  are  only 
paflable  in  fummer,  and  require  3  or  4 
days  to  reach  the  top  of  any  one  of  the 
highefl:. 

Andover,  a  large,  fertile  and  thriving  pofl: 
town  in  Effex  co.  MalTachufetts.  It  con- 
tains 2941  inhabitants,  in  two  pariflies. 
In  the  South  pariili  are  a  paper  mill  and 
powder  mill,  from  the  latter  of  which  the 
army  received  large  fupplies  of  gimpow- 
der  in  the  late  war.  There  is  an  excel- 
lent academy  in  this  town,  called  «  Phil- 


lips Academy,"  which  owes  its  exiftencd 
to  the  liberal  benefadlions  of  tlie  family 
vv'hole  name  it  bears.  Another  academy- 
has  lately  been  eftabliflied  in  the  N  par- 
ifli.  Andover  is  under  excellent  cultiva^ 
tion,  particularly  that  part  which  is  wa- 
tered by  Shawfticen  River.  It  lies  about 
20  miles  "vV  from  JNewburyport,  and  about 
22  N  from  Bofloti. 

Andover,  a  town  in  Hiillborough  co.  N 
Hampflxire,  contains  11 33  inhabitants, and 
was  incorporated  in  1779. 

Andcver,  is  the  fouth  weOiernmoft  town- 
fliip  in  Windfor  co.  Vermont,  has  Chefterfi 
on  the  E,  2«  miles  W  of  Charleftown,  and 
contains  10 16  inhabitants. 

Andover,  a  town  in  SuiTex  co.  N  Jerfey, 
10  miles  S  of  New  Town. 

Andre,  St.  a  town  in  the  kingdom  of  Le- 
on, near  the  mouth  of  Nafias  River,  which 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Andreannffsjii  JJlcs,  a  crefcent  of  ifles  be- 
tween Afia  and  America,  difcovered  in 
1760.  The  natives  relembie  the  Efqui- 
meaux  and  Greenlanders  in  their  language 
and  manners.  They  are  idolaters.  fce<? 
Behrings  Straits,   and  Nortl^ern  Archipelago, 

Andres,  St.  or  Andreas,  an  i/land  on  the 
Mufquito  fhore,  off  the  Pearl  Keys.  N 
lat.  12  30,  W  Ion.  82  30. 

Andreivs^  Si.  a  fmall  town  in  N  Bnmf- 
wick  ;  lituated  in  the  rear  of  an  ifland  of 
the  fame  name,  on  the  E  iidc  of  the  arm 
of  the  inner  bay  of  Pailamaqucddy,  called 
Scho'idick.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out 
in  the  form  of  an  oblong  fquare.  1  he 
few  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in 
the  lumber  trade.  The  common  tides 
rife  here  about  18  feet. 

Andreivs,  Si.  a  townfliip  in  Caledonia 
CO.  Vermont,  about  20  miles  N  \V  of  New- 
bury. 

Atidreivs,  St,  a  parifli  in  CharleHon  dif- 
tridt,  S  Carolina. 

Andreivs  Sound,  St.  lies  S  of  Jekyl's  Ifl- 
and, and  is  formed  by  it  and  a  fmall  ifland 
at  the  mouth  of  Great  Satilia  River.  1  ]ie 
fmall  river  oppofite  this  found  fepari^tes 
Camden  from  Glynn  co.  in  Georgia. 

Andros,  iflands  on  the  S  W  of  Provi- 
dence, in  the  Bahama  iflands,  called  by 
the  Spaniards,  YUcs  del  Efpiritu  Santo. 
They  take  up  a  fpace  of  30  iea^ues  long 
and  4  or  5  broad,  interfedted  by  a  number 
of  very  narrow  pafTages. 

Androfcoggin,  or  Amerffco^ren  Hivsr,  in 
Maine,  may  be  called  the  main  .wefiern 
branch  of  the  Kennebeck.  Its  fourccs  are 
N  of  I^ake  Umbagog.  Its  courfe  is  fouth- 
erly  till  it  approaches  near  to  the  W'hije 
Mountain^. 


ANG 


ANG 


Mountains,  from  which  it  receives  Moofe 
and  Peabody  rivers.  It  then  turns  to  the 
E,  and  then  to  the  S  E,  in  which  courfe  it 
pafles  within  2  miles  of  the  fea  coafl, 
and  then  turning  I>[  runs  over  Pejeplkaeg 
falls  into  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  where  it 
forms  a  junction  with  the  Kennebeck,  20 
miles  from  the  fea.  Formerly,  from  this 
bay  to  the  fea,  the  confluent  ilream  v/as 
called  Sagadahock.  The  lands  on  this 
river  are  very  good.  Liiile  Awerefccgvcn 
xifes  in  Paris,  and  palTes  through  Hebron 
and  Poland,  and  enters  great  Amerefcog- 
Ijlgen  at  the  20  mile  falls,  oppoiite  Lewii- 
town,  about  25  miles  of  irregular  courfe 
from  Merry  Meeting  Bay.  I'he  whole 
length  with  all  its  windings  is  about  30 
m.iles.  It  receives  feveral  flreams  and 
ponds,  particularly  the  Range  PondSjBran- 
dy  Pond,  &c. 

Ancgcda,  one  of  the  Virgin  Ifles  in  the 
Weft  Indies,  and  dependent  on  Virgin  Gor- 
da.  It  is  about  6  leagues  long,  is  low,  and 
almoft  covered  by  water  at  high  tides. 
On  the  S  fide  is  Treafure  Point.  Lat.  i8 
35  N,lcn.  63  W. 

Angaraez,  a  province  in  S  America,  in 
Peru,  fubjedl  to  the  archbiibop  of  Lima, 
10  leagues  N  W  by  W  of  the  city  of  Gua- 
m.anga.  It  abounds  in  all  kinds  of  grain 
and  fruits,  belide  vaft  droves  of  cattle  for 
labour  and  fuftenance. 

Angeloy  Fort  oJ\  a  harhcur  on  the  S  Sea 
coafl,  in  the  middle  between  St.  Pedroand 
Capolita ;  a  broad  open  bay,  with  good 
anchorage,  but  bad  landing ;  and  the 
Spaniards  reckon  it  as  good  a  harbour  as 
Guatulis. 

Angelas,  ov  Tlafcalczy  a  province  of  Me^:- 
ico,  extending  between  the  N  and  S  Seas, 
having  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  E,  the 
province  of  Guaxaca  on  the  S  E,  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean  on  the  S,  the  province  of  Mex- 
ico Proper  on  the  W,  and  that  of  Penuco 
on  the  N,  from  which  it  is  divided  byTuf- 
pa  river  or  Cavones.  From  one  fea  to 
the  other  is  100  leagues,  about  80  along 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  ao  upon  the  S 
Sea  coafl:.  Its  foil,  climate,  and  produce, 
are  much  the  fame  with  Mexico  Proper. 
On  the  W  fide  is  a  chain  of  mountains  of 
1 8  leagues,  well  cultivated;  and  another 
great  ridge  of  mountains  on  the  N  W,the 
neighbourhood  of  which  fnbjetfls  it  to 
fhocking  tempefts,  horrid  hurricanes,  and 
frequent  inundations ;  yet  this  is  allowed 
to  be  the  moll  populous  country  of  N 
Spain,  which  is  partly  afcribed  to  its  hav- 
ing been  an  ally  to  Corte7.,in  the  conqueft 
of  Mexico,  who  obtained  a  grant  of  the 


Emperor  Charles  V.  then  ah'o  king  of 
Spain,  by  which  it  is  to  this  day  exempt 
from  ail  fervice  or  duty  to  that'  crown  ; 
and  only  pays  the  king  of  Spain  an  hand- 
ful of  maize  per  head,  as  an  acknowledg- 
ment, which  inconfiderable  parcels,  al- 
moft  60  years  ago,  amounted  to  near 
13,000  bufliels;  for  it  produces  fo  much 
of  that  Indian  corn,  that  from  thence  it 
had  the  name  of  Tlafcala,  i.  e,  the  land  of 
bread,  which  name  it  gives  to  its  principal 
town.  By  this  means  the  towns  and  vil- 
lages fwarm  with  Indians.  Its  principal 
towns  are  Acafuchith?,u,Achiachica,  Tuf- 
pa,  Zacatlan,  Cazeres,  Naftia,  or  Almira, 
Torre  Bianca,  Punta  Delganda,  Samputa, 
Xalappa,  Puebla,  Tepeafa,  Cordova,  Pui>. 
ta  Brava,  New  Vera  Cruz,  &c.  Tliey 
fpeak  the  Spanifli  tongue,  and  fcarcely 
any  other  ;  are  perfectly  reconciled  totlie 
Spanifli  cuftoms,  and  grateful  for  the 
countenance  and  deference  fliewed  to 
them  above  their  fellow  provinces.  It 
was  anciently  governed  by  kings,  till  civil 
wars  ariling  in  it,  the  people  formed 
themfelves  into  an  ariftocracy  of  many 
princes,  to  get  rid  of  one.  They  divided 
the  towns  into  diOerent  diftricls,  each  of 
Avhich  named  one  of  their  chiefs  to  refide 
in  the  court  of  llafcala,  v.here  they  form- 
ed a  fenate,  whofe  relblutions  v.-ere  a  law 
to  the  whole.  Under  this  form  of  gov- 
ernment, they  maintained  themfelves  a- 
gainil  the  rulers  of  Mexico  ;  and  continu-< 
ed  their  ariftocracy  till  their  reception  of 
the  Spaniards  under  Cortez,  whom  they 
ajGTifted  with  their  numerous  forces,  and 
accompliflied  the  ruin  of  that  empire  in, 
1521.     See  Mexko. 

Angola  a  town  in  the  province  of  ChilJ^ 
S  America,  125  miles  N  of  Baldiv^ia.  S 
lat.  37  36,  "W  Ion.  72  59. 

Angra  De  Los  Reyes,  a  tOV/n  in  the  cap- 
tainfliip  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  in  Brazil,  S  A- 
merica,  fubjecft  to  the  Portuguefe,  about 
36  miles  from  Rio  de  Janeiro.  It  is  on 
the  coaft  upon  a  fmall  bay,  from  whence 
it  has  its  name  ;  being  in  Englifli  ICing's 
Bay.  It  has  2  churches,  a  monaftery,  and 
a  fmall  guard  houfe  of  about  20  foldiers. 
Its  chief  produce  is  fifli.  Lat.  22  28  S, 
Ion.  41  10  W. 

A'l^uilla,  or  Snake  JJland,  fo  called  from 
its  windings  and  irregular  form,  being  10 
leagues  in  length,  and  3  in  breadth  ;  25 
leagues  N  W  of  Barbuda,  and  15  from  St. 
Chriftopher's.  It  is  the  moft  northerly  of 
all  the  Caribbec  iflands  pofTefied  by  the 
Britifh.  It  vv-as  fettled  in  1650.  The  in- 
habitants iubfifl  moflly  by  fanning,  plant- 


ANN 


ANN 


ing  Indian  corn,  and  other  kinds  of  huf- 
bandry.  The  climate  is  very  healthy,  and 
the  inhabitants  ftrong  and  vigorous.  The 
exports  in  1770,  amounted,  in  fugar,  rum, 
and  cotton,  to  near  6000I.  Loa  6z  10 
W,  lat.  18  4  N. 

Aiigullla,  a  bank  and  iHand  E  of  the 
Great  Bahama  Bank,  and  N  of  the  illand 
of  Cuba.  Lon.  78  10  to  79  -|,  lat. 
^ii  t«  24  10  N. 

AnguilL-y  Cape,  a  point  of  land  in  New- 
foundland ifland,  on  the  W  lide,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  leagues  N  from 
Cape  Ray,  the  S  W  extremity  of  the  ill- 
and, in  lat.  47  57  N. 

Anguilte,  a  bay  on  the  N  N  E  fide  of  the 
iOand  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  oppoiite  Magdalen  Ifles  ;  and 
havingSt.  Peter's  harbour  on  the  S  E,  and 
Port  Chimene  on  the  N  W. 

Annapolis  Ri-ver,  in  Nova  ?cotia,  is  of 
fmall  fize  and  pafles  into  the  bay  of  Fun- 
dy  through  the  bafon  of  its  own  name, on 
the  S  fide  of  which,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  ftands  the  town  and  fort  of  Anna- 
polis Royal.  It  is  navigable  for  fliips  of 
anyburden  lO  miles ;  for  thofe  of  lootons, 
15  miles;  and  is  paflablefor  boats  within 
20  miles  of  Hortou.  I'he  tide  flows  up 
30  miles. 

Annapolis,  a  county  in  Nova  Scotia  on 
the  above  river,  adjoining  to  lung's  coun- 
ty, having  5  townibips,  viz.  Vi'"iImot, 
Granville,  Annapolis,  the  chief  tow^ns, 
Clare,  and  Monckton.  It  is  chielly  in- 
habited by  Acadians,  Irifli,  and  Nev/  Eng- 
enders. 

Annapolis  Royal^  called  Port  Royal,  by  the 
French,  when  M.  de  Fonts  fettled  a  colo- 
ny here  in  1605.  This  town,  the  chief 
town  in  the  county  of  this  name,  Hands 
on  the  S  fide  of  the  river  and  bay  of  An- 
napolis. Nature  has  fcarcely  omitted  one 
t|iing  to  render  this  the  fineft  harbour  in 
the  world.  It  is  z  leagues  in  length,  and 
one  in  breadth,  having  a  fmall  iJland, 
called  Goat  Ifiand,  almofl  in  the  middle  of 
the  bafon,  v/hich  is  faid  to  be  large 
enough  to  contain  ieveral  hundred  fliips. 
Its  depth  of  water  is  no  where  iefs  than  4 
or  5  fathoms  ;  it  being  6  or  7  on  one  fide 
of  the  ifland,  and  on  the  other  16  or  18. 
The  bottom  is  every  where  very  good, 
and  fliips  may  be  fecure  in  it  from  all 
winds.  The  entrance  of  the  harbour  is 
difficult,  fays  Charlevoix,  befiJes  the  in- 
convenience of  great  fogs  ;  fo  that  only 
one  flilp  can  pafs  in  or  out  at  a  time,  and 
that  with  the  greateft  precaution,  the  fhip 
being  obliged  to  go  Here  foremoft  hj  rea- 


fon  of  the  firong  currents  and  tides  here. 
The  town  is  not  large,  but  has  fome  very 
handfome  buildings.  It  is  fortified  ;  nor 
can  it  be  eafily  attacked,  but  by  a  bcm- 
bardment.  The  fort  is  capable  of  con- 
taining about  100  men  in  itsprefent  flate. 
N  lat.  45  lo,  W  Ion.  64  5. 

Annapolis,  a  poft  town  in  Ann  Arundel 
CO.  and  the  capital  of  Maryland.  It  i'tands 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  30  miles  S  of 
Baltimore  ;  40  E  by  N  from  the  Federal 
city;  7'i  S  Wfrom  Wilmington,  in  Dela- 
ware State,  and  132  S  W  from  Philadel- 
phia. It  was  formerly  called  Severn,  and^ 
in  1694,  it  was  made  a  port  town.  It  isV 
fituated  on  a  peninfula  formed  by  the  riv- 
er and  two  fmall  creeks  ;  and  affords  a 
beautiful  profpedl;  of  Chefapeak  Bay  and 
the  E  fhore  beyond  it.  The  houfes,  a- 
bout  320  in  number,  are  fpacious  and  el- 
egant, indicative  of  great  wealth.  The 
State  Houfe  is  the  noblefl  building  of  the 
kind  in  the  union.  It  Hands  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  from  which  point  the  ftreets 
diverge  in  every  direcSlion,  like  radii.  The 
other  public  buildings,  are  a  College,  E- 
pifcopal  and  Methodifi:  church,  Market 
Koufe  and  Theatre.  The  College  has  a. 
fund  of  1 75 ol.  per  annum.  It  has  about 
100  Students.  N  lat.  ^g  56  15,  Ion.  75 
8W. 

Annajionvti,  about  60  miles  W  of  Plattl- 
burgh,  in  Clinton  co.  New  York. 

Ann  Arundel  County,  in  Maryland,  lies 
l-»etween  Patapfco  and  Patuxent  Rivers, 
and  has  Chefapeak  Bay  S  E.  Annapolis 
is  the  chief  town.  This  county  contains 
22,623  inhabitants,  of  whom  9760  are 
flaves.  It  is  ^s  miles  long,  26  broad.  lu 
fome  parts  the  foil  is  light  and  fandy  ;  ou 
the  Patuxent  and  Patapfco  rivers,  it  is 
rich  and  well  cultivated.  Indian  cornj 
wheat,  cotton  and  tobacco  are.  the  princi- 
pal produce.  Iron  ore  is  foufid  in  feverai 
places. 

Annatom,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides  cluf- 
ter  of  iflands. 

A.nn^  Cape,  is  the  point  of  land  in  the 
town  of  that  name,  or  Gloucefler,  which 
forms  the  N  fide  of  Mafi^achufetts  Bay,  as 
Cape  Cod  does  the  S  fide.  N  lat  42  45, 
Ion.  70  17  W.  See  Clouajlcr.  This  Cape 
was  fo  named  in  honor  of  Ann,  confort 
of  King  James  I. 

Ann,  St.  a  lake  in  Upper  Canada, north- 
erly from  Lake  Superior,  which  fends  its' 
waters  northeafterly  into  James  Ray, 
through  Albany  River.  Itr,  northciftern 
point  lies  in  N  lat.  jc,  W  lon.  88. 

Ann^  St.  is  the  chief  town  of  the  prov- 
ince 


ANT 


ANT 


ince  cif  Parana,  iii  the  E  diviilon  of  Para- 
gliay,  S  America. 

An,-!,  Fort,  in  the  State  of  N  York,  Ilea 
at  the  head  of  batteaux  navigacion,  on 
Wood  Creek,  which  falls  into  Scutli  Bay, 
Lake  Champlain,  near  Skeaeil^orough.  It 
lies  7  miles  S  W  by  S  from  Skenefjo- 
rough  Fort  ;  lo  E  S  E  from  Fort  George, 
and  I?.  N  E  by  N  from  Fort  Edv/ard,  on 
Iludfou  River.  Such  was  tlic  favage  ftate 
of  this  part  of  the  country,  and  the  layers 
of  trees  laid  lengthwife  and  acrofs,  and  fo 
broken  with  creeks  and  marflies,  that 
General  Burgoyne's  army,  in  July,  1777, 
Acould  fcarcely  advance  above  a  mile  in  a 
^Rav,  on  the  road  to  Fort  Edward.  They 
had  no  fewer  than  4obridges  to  conftrucit, 
one  of  which  was  of  log  nork  2  miles  in 
length  ;  circumftances  which  in  after  ages 
will  appear  hardly  credible. 

Ann  J,  St.  a  port  on  the  E  Ude  of  Cape 
Breton  Iiland,  where  fifliing  veflels  often 
put  in.  It  lies  on  the  N  W  fide  of  the 
entrance  into  Labrador  Lake.  W  Ion, 
60,  N  lat.  47. 

Anns, St.  is  a  fra'all  town  on  the  River 
St.  John's,  province  of  New  Brunfwick, 
about  80  miles  from  St.  John's.  It  is  at 
prefent  the  feat  of  government. 

Anfon,  an  interior  county  of  N  Carolina, 
In  Fayette  difirricft,  having  Mecklinburg 
county  N  and  Bladen  and  Cumberland 
counties  on  the  E.  It  contains  8146  in- 
habitants, including  1200  flaves.  The 
foil  is  Various  in  different  parts,  but  in 
general  is  very  gcod;  wheat,  rye,  oats,  cot- 
ton, rice,  hemp,  are  raifed  in  great  per- 
fc(ftion.  Some  of  the  Idw  lands  are  un- 
healthy ;  biilious  and  intermittent  com- 
plaints are  common. 

Anfon.,  a  town  in  Kennebeck  c'o.  Maine, 
OB  the  W  fide  of  Kennebeck  river  and  N 
of  Sandy  river.  Seven  mile  brook  runs 
about  3  miles  through  the  town,  and  en- 
ters Kennebeck  in  its  N  E  corner. 

Anthony  s  Falls,  St.  in  the  River  Mifli- 
iippi,  lie  about  ic  miles  N  Wof  the  mouth 
of  St.  Pierre  River,  which  joins  the  Milfi- 
lippl  from  the  W,  and  are  iituated  in  a- 
bout  lat.  44  50  N,  and  were  fo  named  by 
father  iiOuis  Hennipin,  who  travelled  in- 
to thefe  parts  about  the  year  i68o,  Jfud 
was  the  firft  European  ever  feen  by  the 
natives  there.  The  whole  river,  250 
yards  wide,  falls  perpendicularly  above 
•^o  feet,  and  forms  a  mofl;  pleafing  cata- 
raA.  The  rapids  below,  in  the  fpace  of 
300  yards,  render  the  dcfcent  confidera- 
blv  greater  ;  fo  that  when  viewed  at  a 
diftancc,  they  appear  to  be  much  higher 


than  they  really  are.  In  the  middle  ^i 
the  falls  is  a  fmall  idand,  about  40  feet 
broad,  and  fomewhat  longer,  on  which 
grow  a  few  hemlock  and  fpruce  trees  ; 
and  about  half  way  between  this  ifland 
and  the  eaflern  lliore,  is  a  rock,  lying  at 
the  very  edge  of  the  fall,  in  an  oblique 
pofition,  5  or  6  feet  broad,  and  30  or  40 
long.  Thefe  falls  are  peculiarly  utuated, 
as  they  are  approachable  without  the 
leaft  obfl:ru(5tion  from  any  intervening 
hill  or  precipice  ;  which  cannot  be  faid, 
perhaps,  of  any  ofthfer  confiderablc  fall  ia 
the  world  The  fcene  around  is  exceed- 
ingly beautiful.'  It  iis  not  an  uninterrupt- 
ed plain,  where  the  eye  finds  no  rehef, 
but  compofed  of  many  gentle  afcents, 
which,  ill  the  fpring  and  fummer,  are 
covered  with  verdure,  and  interfperfed 
with  little  groves,  that  give  a  pleafing  va- 
riety to  the  profpeck.  At  a  little  dif- 
tance  belov/  the  falls  is  a  fmall  ifland,  a- 
bout  z  acres,  on  which  grow  a  great 
number  of  oak  trees,  all  the  branches  of 
which,  able  to  bear  the  v/eight,  are,  in  the 
proper  feafon  of  the  year,  loaded  with 
eagle's  nefts.  Their  inftindlivc  wifdom 
has  taught  them  to  choofe  this  place,  as 
it  is  fecure,  on  account  of  the  rapids  a- 
bove,  from'  the  attacks  either  of  man  or 
beaft. 

Anthony's  'Kill,  a  weflern  water  of  Hud- 
fon  River.  Its  mouth  is  7  miles  above 
that  of  Alohavvk  River,  oppofite  Schate- 
coke. 

Anthony  s  Ncfe,  a  point  of  land  in  the 
Highlands,  on  Hudfon  River,  from  which 
to  Fort  Montgomery  on  the  oppoiite  fide, 
a  large  boom  and  chain  was  extended  in 
the  late  war,  -v^hich  cofl:  not  lefs  than 
70,0001.  flerling.  It  was  partly  deftroy- 
ed,  and  partly  carried  away  by  General 
Sir  Henry  Clinton,  in  Od:ober,  1777.  Al- 
fo,  the  name  given  to  the  point  of  a 
mountain  on  the  N  bank  of  Mohawk 
River,  about  30  miles  above  SchenecTtady. 
Around  this  point  runs  a  public  road. 

Aniicojii,  a  barren,  uninhabited  ifland,  ia 
the  mouth  of  St.  Lawrence  River.  Lat. 
49  30  N,  Ion.  t%  W  London. 

A?itidam  Creek,  in  Maryland,  rifes  by 
feveral  branches  in  Pennfylvania,  and 
empties  into  Patov/mac  River,  3  miles  S 
S  E  from  Sharpfburg.  Elizabeth  and 
Funk's  tov/ns  fland  on  this  creek.  It  has 
a  number  of  mills  and  forges. 

A^nt'i^na.^  or  Antego,  one  of  the  Carlbbee 
Iflands  in  the  Weft  Indies,  belonging  to 
Great  Britain,  is  fituated  60  miles  to  the 
CHi'tward  of  Nevis  and  St.  Chriftopher'9. 

It' 


ANT 


ANT 


V  h  atmofl;  circular ;  being  about  15  miles 
long  and  10  broad,  containing  SQy^S^ 
acres  of  land,  of  which  about  3 4,000  are 
appropriated  to  the  growth  of  fugar  and 
paflurage  annexed.  Its  other  ftaples  are 
cotton  and  tobacco.  The  foil  is  natural- 
ly rich,  and  when  hot  checked  by  excef- 
live  droughts,  to  which  Antigua  is  par- 
ticularly fubje*£l,  is  very  producflive.  Co- 
lumbus, who  difcovered  this  ifland,  named 
it  from  a  church  in  Seville,  Santa  Maria 
de  la  Antigua  ;  and  Ivis  fon,  Ferdinand, 
fays  that  its  Indian  name  was  Jamaica.  It 
is  a  fingular  circumftance,  that  this  word, 
which  in  the  language  of  the  larger  iflands 
fignified  a  country  abounding  with  fprings, 
Hiould,  in  the  diale(5l  of  the  Caribbees, 
have  been  applied  to  an  ifland  that  has 
not  a  fingle  fpring  or  rivulet  of  frefli  wa- 
t-er  in  it.  The  inhabitants  make  ufe  of 
rain  water,  which,  when  preserved  in 
cifterns,  is  light,  pure  and  wholefome. 
From  drought  and  other  circumftances,  it 
is  difficult  to  furnifli  an  average  return  of 
the  crops,  Avhich  vary  to  fuch  a  degree, 
that  the  quantity  of  fugar  exported  in 
fome  years,  is  five  times  greater  than  in 
others  ;  thus  in  1779,  v/ere  fliipped  3382 
hogilieads,  and  579  tierces  ;  in  1782,  the 
crop  was  15,382  hogflieads,  and  1603  tier- 
ces ;  and  in  the  years  1770,  1773,  and 
1778,  there  were  no  crops  at  ail;  the 
canes  being  deftroyed  by  a  long  drought, 
and  the  whole  body  of  negroes  murt  have 
periflied,  for  want  of  food,  if  American 
vefTels  had  not  fupplied  them  with  corn 
and  flour.  On  an  average,  r  7,000  hogf- 
heads  of  fugar,  of  16  cwt.  each,  are  reck- 
oned a  good  faving  crop.  Antigua  ex- 
ported in  one  year,  ending  {he  5th  Janua- 
ry 1778,  to  the  value  of  592,5961.  15s.  8d. 
fterling,  in  %T)T^  veflels  :  the  cargoes  were 
284,526  cwt.  I  qr.  18  lbs.  fugar ;  719,546 
gal.  molafTes  ;  2  6  lbs.  indigo  ;  dying  woods 
and  other  fmall  articles.  The  value  ex- 
ported to  the  United  States,  included  in 
the  above,  was  ;(^.i  1,031-15-4.  The  illand 
abounds  in  black  cattle,  hogs,  fowls,  and 
mod  of  the  animals  in  common  with  the 
other  iflands.  The  number  of  inhabitants, 
both  white  and  black,  feera  to  have  de- 
creafed  progreflively.  In  1774,  the  white 
inhabitants  amounted  to  2590,  and  the 
flaves  to  37,808.  The  ifland  is  divided 
into  6  parilbes  and  11  diflriAs.  The 
parjflies  are  St.  John's,  St.  Mary's,  St. 
George,  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  and  St.  Philip. 
It  has  6  towns  and  villages.  St.  John's 
(the  capital)  Parham,  Falmouth,  Willough- 
by  Bay,  Old  Bay,  Old  Road,  and  James 
Vol.  L  C 


Fort ;  the  two  firft  of  which  are  legal 
ports  of  entry.  No  ifland  in  this  part  of 
the  Weft  Indies  can  boaft  of  fo  many  ex- 
cellent harbours  ;  of  thefe  the  principal 
are  Englifh  Harbour,  and  St  John's,  both 
well  fortified ;  and  at  the  former  are  a 
royal  navy  yard,  and  arfenal,  w  ith  con- 
veniences for  careening  fhips  of  war.  The 
military  eftablifliment  generally  confifts 
of  2  regiments  of  infantry,  and  2  of  foot 
militia.  There  are  likewife  a  fquadron  cf 
dragoonsjand  a  battaliion  of  artillery, both 
raifed  in  the  ifland  ;  and  the  regulars  re- 
ceive additional  pay  as  in  Jamaica.  The 
governor  or  captain  generalof  theleeward  ♦ 
Caribbean  Iflands,  generally  refides  in  An- 
tigua, but  vifits  occafionally  each  ifland 
within  his  gov^crnment ;  and,  in  hearing 
and  determining  caufes  from  the  other 
iflands,  prelides  alone.  He  is  chancellor  of 
each  ifland  by  his  ofHce  ;  but  in  caufes 
arifing  in  Antigua,  he  is  affifted  by  his 
council,  after  the  practice  of  Barbadoes  ; 
and  the  prefident,  together  with  a  certain 
number  of  the  council,  may  determine 
chauncery  caufes  during  the  abfence  of 
the  governor  general.  The  other  courts 
of  this  ifland  are  a  court  of  king's  bench, 
a  court  of  common  pleas,  and  a  court  of 
exchequer.  The  church  of  the  United 
Brethren  has  been  very  fuccefsful  in  con- 
verting to  chriftiatiity  many  of  the  negro 
flaves  of  this  and  the  other  iflands.  The 
climate  here  is  hotter  than  at  Barbadoes, 
and  hke  that  ifland  fubjefl:  to  hurricane^. 
The  firft  grant  of  Antigua  was  made  by- 
Charles  IL  about  1663,  to  William  Lord 
Willoughby  of  Parham,  and  three  years 
after,  a  colony  was  planted.  It  was  fur- 
prlfed  the  fame  year  by  the  French.  It 
made  no  figure  in  commerce,  till  Col. 
Chriftopher  Codrington,  lleut.  governor 
of  Barbadoes,  came  and  fettled  here  in 
1690.  There  happened  a  moft  terrible 
hurricane  here  in  1707,  that  did  vaft  dam- 
age to  this  ifland  and  Nevis,  more  than  to 
any  of  the  Caribbec  Iflands.  In  Odlober, 
1736,  was  the  plot  of  Coirrt,  Tombay  and 
Hercules,  three  Indians  who  had  convey- 
ed gun  powder  under  the  ball  room,  where 
the  governor  was  to  give  a  ball ;  but  it 
was  happily  difcovered,  and  they  were  all 
executed.  Antigua  lies  between  17  7^ 
and  1 7  17  45  N  lat.  and  between  61  22  15 
and  61  36  12  Wlon. 

Antilles,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the  Weft 
Indies,  diftinguiflied  into  Great  and  SmalL 
They  lie  from  i8  to  24  degrees  of  N  lat. 
are  diftinguiflied  into  Windward  and  Lee- 
Ward  IlUnds,  and  lie  in  ths  form  of  a  bow, 
iUeithlog 


AP  A 


APO 


ilretchmg  from  the  coaft  of  Florida  N  to 
tfaat  of  Brazil  S.  The  moft  remarkable  of 
them  are  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Kifpaniola  or 
i)omingo,  and  Porto  Rico.  See  each  un- 
der its  proper  head. 

Ar.t'rquera,  a  feaport  town  in^'the  prov- 
ince of  Guaxaqua,  in  Mexico. 

Anilquiera,  or  Antequ'ura^  a  tOWn  in  N. 
Spain,  province  of  Guaxaqua,  75  miles  S 
of  the  city  of  Guaxaqua. 

Antriventria,  a  fubdiviiion  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S  of  Carthagena. 

Antonio  De  Suchitepec,  St.  a  town  in  Mex- 
ico or  N.  Spain,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Pacific 
0  Ocean,  N  lat.  is,  W  Ion.  93  5. 

Anionio,  Si.  the  capital  of  the  province 
of  Apachiera,  in  N.  Mexico. 

AntGn'to,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Na- 
varra,  in  N.  Mexico,  on  a  river  which  runs 
S  W  into  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Afttonio,  Cape  St.  the  moft  vveftern  point 
of  the  Ifland  of  Cuba  ;  having  on  the  N  W 
a  number  of  iflots  and  rocks,  called  Los 
Coiorados,  between  which  and  the  cape 
is  the  channel  of  Guaniguanica.  N  lat.  a 2 
15,  W  Ion.  85^. 

Antonio  De  Cuba,  St.  a  town  in  Brazil,  in 
S.  America,  near  Cape  St.  Augufliine,  fub- 
jedl  to  the  Portuguefc.  Here  they  make  a 
conliderable  quantity  of  fugar.  S  lat.  834, 
W  Ion.  is  '^'^' 

Antonio,  St.  a  town  in  N  Mexico  on  the 
W  fide  of  Rio  Bravo  River,  below  St. 
Gregoria,  Alfo,  the  name  of  a  town  on 
the  river  Hondo,  which  falls  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  N  E  of  Rio  de  Brava  ;  and  on 
the  eaftern  lide  of  the  river,  S  by  V/  from 
Texas. 

Antrim,  a  townflup  in  Hillfborough  co. 
N.  Hampfhire,  75  miles  W  of  Portfmouth, 
and  about  the  famediftanceNWof  Bofton. 
An-ville,  or  Millers  Toivn,  in  Dauphine 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  at  the  head  of  Tulpe- 
hocken  Creek.  When  the  canal  between 
the  Sufquehannah  and  Schuylkill,  along 
thefe  erf  eks,  is  completed,  this  town  will 
probably  rife  to  fome  confequence.  It 
lies  1 8  miles  N  E  by  E  from  Harrifburg, 
and  65  N  W  from  Philadelphia. 

Anzermuyh  a  town  and  province  of  Po- 
payan,in  S.America,having  mines  of  gold. 
It  is  feated  on  the  river  Coca.  N  lat.  458. 
Apachiera,  an  audience  and  province  of 
N.  Mexico,  whofe  capital  is  St.  Fe,  in  N 
lat.  36  30,  W  Ion.  104. 

Apalaches,  OX  St.  MarVs  R.  rifes  in  the 
countryof  the  Seminole  Indians,  inEFlori- 
da,  in  N  lat.  31  30,  near  the  N  W  fource  of 
Great  Satilla  River;  runs  S  W  through  the 
Apalachy  country  into  the  bay  of  Apala- 
chy,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.   It  runs  about 


135  miles  and  falls  into  the  Bay  near  th« 
mouth  of  Apalachicola  River. 

Apalachicola,  a  river  between  E  and  W 
Florida,  having  its  fource  in  the  Apalachi- 
an  Mountains,  in  the  Cherokee  country, 
within  ten  miles  of  Tuguloo,  the  upper 
branch  uf  Savannah  River.  From  its 
fource  to  the  mouth  of  Flint  River,  a  dif- 
tance  of  300  miles,  it  is  called  Chata  Uche, 
or  Chatahooche  River.  Ihnt  River  falls 
into  it  from  the  N  E  below  the  Lower 
Creek  Towns,  in Nlat.  31.  From  thence  it 
runs  near  80  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Bay 
of  Apalachy,  or  Apalachicola,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  at  Cape  Blaize.  From  its 
fource  to  the  33d  deg.  of  N  lat.  its  courfe 
is  S  W,  from  thence  to  its  mouth  it  runs 
nearly  S      See  data  Ucba  and  Flint  Ri-ueru 

Apalachicola,  is  likewife  the  name  of  the 
mother  town  or  capital  of  the  Creek  or 
Mufcogulgc  confederacy, called  Apalachu- 
cla  by  Bertram.  It  is,  fays  he,  facred  to 
peace  ;  no  captives  are  put  to  death  or 
human  blcod  fpilt  here  :  and  when  a  gen- 
eral peace  is  propofed,  deputies  from  all 
the  towns  in  the  confederacy  meet  here  to 
deliberate.  On  the  other  hand,  the  great 
Coweta  Town,  iz  miles  higher  up  the 
Chata  Uche  River,  is  called  the  Bloody 
^cwn,  wiicre  the  Micos  chiefs  and  warr- 
iors affemble  when  a  general  war  is  pro- 
pofed ;  and  there  captives  and  ftate  male- 
facStors  are  put  to  death.  Apalachicola  is 
fituated  a  mile  and  an  half  above  the  an- 
cient town  of  that  name,  which  was  fitu- 
ated on  a  peninfula  formed  by  the  doub- 
ling of  the  river,  but  deferted  on  account 
of  inundations.  The  town  is  about  3  day* 
journey  from  Tallaflee,  a  town  on  the 
Tallapoofe  River,  a  branch  of  the  Mobile 
River.     See  Coiveta,  and  Tallajfee. 

Apalachian  Mountains,  a  part  of  the  range 

called  fometimes  by  this  name,  but  gener- 
allv  Alleghany  Mountains.  In  this  part  of 
the  great  chain  of  mountains,  in  the  Cher- 
okee country,  the  river  Apalachicola  hat 
its  fource.      See  Alleghany  Mountains. 

Apalachy  Country,  extends  acrofs  Flint 
and  Apalaches  Rivers,  in  Eaft  Florida, 
having  the  Seminole  country  on  the  N  FL 
Apalachy,  or  Apalachy  a,  is  by  fome  writ- 
ers, applied  to  a  town  and  harbour  in 
Florida,  90  miles  E  of  Penfacola,  Into  which 
this  river  empties  itfelf.  The  tribes  cf 
the  Apalachian  Indians  lie  around  it. 

Apoquenirmy  Creek,  falls  into  Delaware 
Bay  from  Middletown,  in  Newcaftle  co- 
Delaware,  a  mile  and  an  half  below  Ree- 
dy Ifland.  A  canal  is.  propofed  to  extend 
from  the  fouthern  branch  of  this  creek,  at 
about  4  lailci  froai  Middletown,  to  the 

h.-ail 


ARA 


ARB 


Ivead  of  Bohemia  River,  nearly  S  miles  dif- 
tant  ;  which  will  form  a  water  communi- 
cation between  Delaware  Bay,  and  that  of 
Chefapeak,  through  Elk  River. 

Apple  IJland,  a  I'niall  uninhabited  ifland 
in  St.  Lawrence  River,  in  Canada,  on  the 
S  fide  of  the  river,  between  Bafque  and 
Green  Illands.  It  is  furrounded  by  rocks, 
which  reader  the  navigation  dangerous. 

Apple  Tc-wn,  an  Indian  village  on  the  E 
fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  in  N.  York,  between 
the  townfhips  of  Ovid  on  the  S  and  Ro- 
mulus on  the  N. 

Appomatoxy  is  the  name  of  a  fouthern 
branch  of  James  River,  in  Virginia.  It 
may  be  navigated  as  far  as  Broadways,  8 
or  lo  miles  from  Bermuda  Hundred,  by 
any  vefTel,  which  has  croiled  Harrilon's 
Bar,  in  James  River.  It  has  8  or  9  feet 
water  a  mile  or  two  farther  up  to  Fitlier's 
Bar,  and  4  feet  on  that  and  upwards  to 
Peterfburg.  For  5  miles  above  Peterf- 
burg  the  navigation  is  interrupted  by  falls  ; 
but  a  company  are  employed  in  cutting  a 
canal  round  thefe  falls  into  the  centre  of 
the  town,  and  already  they  have  cleared 
out  the  river  as  far  as  Farmville  in  Prince 
Edward  co. 

Apolo  SaTna,  a  jurifdidVion  confifting  of 
miflions  belonging  to  the  Francifcans,  fub- 
jcdt  to  the  bifliop  of  Cufco,  60  leagues 
from  that  city,  in  Peru.  Thefe  confifl  of 
7  towns  of  converted  Indians.  To  protecft 
thefe  from  the  infults  of  the  other  Indians, 
and  to  give  credit  to  the  miflionaries,  a  mi- 
litia is  kept  here,  under  a  major  general, 
formed  by  the  inhabitants. 

Apiirimay  or  Aporamac,  a  very  rapid  riv- 
er in  Peru,  S.  America,  30  miles  from  the 
river  Abanzai. 

Aquafort,  a  fettlement  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  louth  eaftern  extremity  of  Newfound- 
land Ifland,  lat.  47  10  N. 

Aquedochton,  the  outlet  of  lake  Winni- 
pifeogee,  in  N.  Hampfliire,  N  lat.  43  40, 
whofe  waters  pafs  through  feveral  fmaller 
lakes  in  a  S  W  courfe,  and  empty  into 
Merrimack  River,  between  the  towns  of 
JSanborntown  and  Canterbury. 

Aqmla,  a  poft  town  in  Stafford  co.  Vir- 
ginia, 47  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Aquidiieck,  the  ancient  Indian  name  of 
Rhode  Ifland. 

Araguaya,  a  branch  of  Para  River,  in 
Brazil.     See  Para. 

Ararat,  Mount,  or  the  Stonr  Head,  a  fliort 
range  of  mountains  on  the  N  frontier  of 
N.  Carolina,  E  from  Ararat  River,  a  N  W 
branch  of  Yadkin  River,  from  the  fummit 
is  a  delightful  and  extenfive  profpedV. 


Arathapefcoiv.     Sec  Athapnfcciv  Lale. 

Arauco,  a  fortrefs  and  town  of  Chili,  In 
S.  America  ;  lituated  in  a  fine  valley,  on  a 
river  of  the  fame  name,  N  by  W  from 
Baldlvia.  ^The  native  Indians  drove  the 
Spaniards  out  of  their  country,  though 
deftitute  of  firearms.  S  lat.  37  30,  W  Ion. 
73  20.     » 

ArazVw,  one  of  the  principal  places  in 
Porto  Rico  Ifland,  in  the  W  indies.  It  has 
few  inhabitants,  and  Httle  trade  but  fmug- 

Areas,  an  ifland  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
in  the  Bay  of  Campeachy.  Lat.  20,  Ion. 
9Z  50. 

Arch  Spring.      See  Bald  Eagle  Valley. 

Archipelago,  Dangerous,  the  name  given 
by  Bouganville,  in  Feb.  1768,  to  a  chiAer 
of  iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Otaheite,  fituated  be- 
tween 10  and  18  degrees  S  lat.  and  be- 
tween 142  and  145  degrees  W  Ion.  from 
Paris.  The  iflands  which  compofe  this 
Archipelago,  he  named  Quatre  Facardins, 
the  Lanciers,  and  La  Harpe,and  other  ifl- 
ands, forming  two  groups,  to  which  he 
gave  no  names.  In  April,  1769,  Captain 
Cook  fell  in  with  thefe  fame  iflands,  and 
named  them  Lagoon  Ifland,  Thrum  Cap, 
Bow  Ifland,  and  the  Two  Groups. 

Archipelago  of  the  Great  Cycladss  a  clufter 
of  iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lying  be- 
tween 14  and  2odcg.  S  lat.  and  between 
164  and  168  deg.  E  Ion.  from  Paris,  dif- 
covered  by  Bouganville, :  iA  of  May,  1 768. 
This  is  the  fame  clufter  of  iflands  difcovcr- 
by  Quiros  in  1606,  and  by  him  called 
Tierra  Aujtral  del  Efpiritu  Santo,  which  fee. 
Capt.  Cook  paiTed  thefe  iflands  in  1774, 
and  called  them  New  Hebrides. 

Ardois,  a  mountain  in  Nova  Scotia,  be- 
tween Windfor  and  Halifax  ;  13  miles  N 
W  from  the  latter.  It  is  deemed  thchlgh- 
eft  land  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  affords  an 
extenfix'e  profpedl  of  all  the  high  and  low- 
lands about  Windfor  and  Falmouth,  and 
the  diftant  country  bordering  the  Bafon 
of  Minas. 

Arequipa,  is  one  of  the  largeft  cities  in 
Peru,  S.  America,  and  was  founded  by  Don 
Francifquo  Fizarro,  in  1539.  ^^  ftands 
in  the  valley  of  Quilca,  about  ao  league* 
from  the  fea,  in  a  fertile  country.  Near 
it  is  a  dreadful  volcano.  The  air  is  very 
temperate  ;  and  the  bed  in  the  coun- 
try ;  but  it  has  been  four  times  laid 
in  ruins  by  earthquakes.  It  is  very  pop» 
ulous,  and  well  built  ;  contains  a  con- 
vent, and  two  nunneries,  and  had  a  col- 
lege of  Jcfuits.  It  has  a  biflioprick  in  Li- 
ma, 


AR  R 

ma,  and  lies  290  miles  S  by  E  from   that 
city.     Lat.  i6  40  S,  Ion.  75'  30  W. 

Argyle,  a  tovvnfliip  in  Wafhington  co. 
N.  York,  on  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  River, 
in  which  are  Fort  Edward  and  Fort  Mil- 
ler. 


ASC 

CP,  and  repofitorics  for  (lores  ;  and  isbuilfi 
upon  a  narrow  palTage,  with  a  caiUe  to 
defend  the  entrance.  Notwithftanding 
which,  James  Lancafter  entered  tlie  har- 
bour in  1595,  with  7  Engiifli  veflels,  and 
made  himfelf  martcr  of  the  town  and  caf- 
ile,  where  lie  continued  a  month,  and  car- 
ried off  immenfe  plunder  ;  but  fincc  that 
time,  the  Portuguefc  iiave  rendered  it  A^ 
mod  inaccelTibk  to  enemies.  Lat.  8  20 
S,  k)n.  36  10  W. 

Arrayal  Be  Porate,   a   town    in    Brazil-, 
fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  Para  River,  be- 


va  Scotia,  fettled  by  Acadians  and  Scotch. 
Arjcuy  a  jurifdiction  in  the  biilioprick 
of  Arequipa,  in  Peru,  extending  along 
the  coail  of  the  S  fea.  It  produces  littl-e 
file  than  agt,  or  Guinea  pepper  ;  and  in 
Ibmc  places  large   olives,  of   whicli    they 

make  oil  and  pickles  :  but,  although  the  |i  k)w  the  jundion  of  its  two  great  brancht 
country  is  otherwife  barren,  the  produce 
of  pepperamounts  annually  to  nolefs  than 
60,000  dollars  value. 

Arica^  a  town  and  port  in  the  province 
of  Los  Charcos,  in  Peru  ;  bei-ng  the  port 
town  to  moft  of  the  mines  in  that  country. 
It  is  a  pi  ice  of  vafi:  trade,  and  very  pop- 
ulous ;  fcldom  without  a  great  deal  of 
fliipping.  It  is  but  badly  fortified,  and 
has  been  much  injured  by  earthq^uakes, 
which  have  alfo  hurt  its  trade.  No  rain 
ever  falls  here  ;  the  houfes  are  therefore 
without  roofs.  The  valley  of  Arica  is 
famous  for  little  clfe  than  the  culture  of 
Guinea  pepper,  which  the  Spaniards  plant- 
ed, and  of  this  they  raife  annually  to  the 
value  of  80,000  crowns.  It  is  550  miles 
S  E  of  Lima.  S  ht.  18  a?,  W  Ion.  71  6. 
Ar'icbat^  a  town  in  Cape  Breton  ifland. 
Aries  Kill,  a  fmall  creek  which  runs 
riorrherfy  iato  Mohawk  River,  'i\  miles 
W  from  Schoharie  River,  in   N.   York. 

Arlni'.fa^y  Arkcnifaiv,  a  N  W  branch  of 
Mifliftppi  River,  of  a  very  long  courf<;  in 
Louifiana,  which  falls  in  by  two  mouth?, 
and  forms  an  ifland,  whofe  north  weftern 
point  lies  in  N  lat.  33  ^s^  W  Ion.  91.  The 
length  of  this  ifland  is  55  mijes  ;  its  breadth 
10.  The  branch  on  the  north  eaffern 
lide  of  the  ifland  receives  White  River, 
about  24  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Arlington,  a  townfhip  in  Bennington  co. 
Vermont,  12  miles  N  from  Bennington. 
It  has  091  inhabitants. 

Armouchiquois.,  z  nation  of  Indians  In 
Canada. 

Armjlrongy  a  county  of  Pennfylvanla, 
bounded  N  Ijy  Venango,  E  by  Lycoming, 
watered  by  the  Alleghany,  and  its  branch- 
es, containing  582,400  acres,  and  2399  in- 
habitants,'bcing  divided  into  3  townlTiips. 
Arnedo,7i.X.ov^n.  in  Peru,  on  the  South 
Sea,  25  miles  N  of  Lima. 

Arraciffe,  a  port  town  of  Brazil,  In  the 
captalnlhip  of  PcrnambHrf> ;  efteemed  the 
ftrongeft  In  all  Brazil.  The  port  confifts 
of  a  fuburb,  in  which  are  fome  large  houi- 


I    See  Para  Ri-ver. 

\\       ^rro?//><?^,  an  idand  in  Atainc,  fcparatcd 

from  Parker^s  Ifland  by  a  fmall  ftrait.     It 

'■  is  within  the  limits  of  George  Town, and 

\  contains  ntaily  ^  of  its  inhabitants,  and 

has  a  church.     It  contains  ab;)Ut    20,coo 

acres  of  land,  including  a  large    quantity 

of  fait  marfb.      See     Qeorge     Tcivn    and 

i   Parler^s  JJland. 

\  Arfacides,the  Jfands  ofihe^  the  name  given 
by  M^  dc  Surville,  in  1769,  to  Solomon'* 
lilands,  on  account  of  the  barbarous  char- 
j  after  of  their  inhabitants,  particularly  at 
Port  Praflin.  Thefe  iflands  were  vifited 
by  Mr.  Shortland  in  1788,  and  by  him 
called  New  Georgia.  See  Solomon  s  IJlet, 
and  Pert  Prapn. 

Arthur    KM,    or    Ncivarl    Bay^  on  the 
coaft  of  N.  Jerfey,is  formed  by  theunioij/ 
pf  PifTaic  and  Hackinfack  Rivers. 

Aruba,  one  of  the  Little  Antille  Iflands, 
in  the  W.  Indies,  is  fubjecTl:  to  the  Dutch. 
It  is  uninhabited,  lies  near  Terra  Firma^ 
14  leagues  W  of  Curacoa,  and  produces 
little  eife  befide  corn  and  wood.  N  lat» 
12  30,  W  Ion.  67  zs. 
Arn?nfunkfjungun,\7d\s  in  Penobfcot  river. 
Arundel,  a  townflilp  in  York  co.  Maine, 
between  Cape  Porpoife,  and  Biddeford  oi\ 
the  N  E  on  Saco  River,  21  miles  N  E 
from  York. 

Afangaro,  a  jurifdiftion  undet  the  blfliop 
of  Cufco,  in  Peru,  S.  America,  50  leagues 
from  that  city  :  numbers  of  cattle  are 
bred  here.  There  are  fome  filvcr  mines 
in  the  N  E  part  of  it  ;  and  it  produces 
papas,  quinoas,  and  canaguas.  Of  the 
two  lafl  they  make  chicha  as  others  do 
from  maize. 

Afcenfion  Bay,  Ues  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan,  in  the  Bay  of  Hon- 
duras, having  Amber  Bay  on  the  N  and 
the  northern  point  of  Ambergreefe  Key 
on  the  S,  which  formr,  a  pafTage  into  Han- 
over Bay,  S  from  Afcenfion  Bay.  This  is 
alfo  the  name  of  a,  bay  in  tbc  N  part  of 
the  Gulfol  Mexicojfituated  between  Cape 

Balizc 


ASS 


A  SY 


Ealize  at  the  mouth  of  the  MifTilipp},  and 
the  Bay  of  Frefh  Water  on  the  W  in  the 
30th  degree  of  N  lat.  and  ^2d  of  W  Ion. 

AJhburnham^  formerly  Dorchejler  Canada^ 
a  town  in  W"orcefler  co.  Malfachufetts,  30 
miles  N  of  Worcefter,  and  ^$  from  Bodon, 
was  incorporated  in  1765,  and  contains 
994  inhabitants.  It  (lands  upon  the  height 
of  land  E  of  Connecticut  River,  and  W  of 
Merrimaclj:,  on  the  banks  of  I^ittle  Nauk- 
heag.  In  this  townihip,  is  a  white  fand, 
equal  in  finenefs  to  that  at  Cape  Ann,  and 
which,  it  is  judged  would  make  fine  glafs. 
AJhby,  a  townlhip  in  Middlefex  co.  Maf- 
fachiifetts,50  miles  N  Wfrom  Bojflonjcon- 
taining  941  inhabitants. 

AJhcutncyt  or  Afacutney,  a  mountain  in 
Vermont,  being  partly  in  the  townfliips  of 
Windfor  and  Weathersfield.  It  is  2031 
feet  above  the  fea,  and  1732,  above  high 
water  in  Connedlicut  River,  which  glides 
by  its  E  lide. 

AJhe^  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  Morgan 
dlfiri<5l,  containing  2783  inhabitants,  85 
of  them  are  flavcs.  The  courthoufe,  where 
a  port  office  is  kept,  is  473  miles  from 
Walliington. 

AJhfield,  a  toAvnfliip  in  Hampfhire  co. 
Mallachufetts,  about  15  miles  N  W  of 
Northampton,  and  I20  from  Boflon,  con- 
taining 1 741  inhabitants. 

AJhford,  a  poft  town  in  Windham  co. 
ConnecSticut,  incorporated  in  1710,  38 
miles  northeaflerly  from  Hartford. 

AJhford,  Ni-w,  a  townfiiip  in  Berkfliire 
CO.  MafTachufeUo,  fouth  of  and  adjoining 
Williamftown,  and  has  390  inhabitants. 

AJhmnt,  the  principal  harbour  in  Ifle 
Madame,  which  is  dependent  on  Cape 
Breton.      See  Breton  Cafe. 

AfiuelcU  or  AJhivillet,  a  fmall  river,  hav- 
ing a  number  of  branches,  whole  moft  dif- 
tant  fource  is  at  the  N  end  of  the  Sunapee 
Mountains,  N.  Hampfli'.re.  It  runs  fouth 
wefterly  through  part  of  Chefliire  county. 
Below  Winchefter  it  runs  W  by  N,  and 
empties  into  Conned:icut  R.  at  Hinfdale. 
AJhinlle,  a  poft  town  in  Buncombe  co. 
N.  Carolina,  549  miles  from  Wafliington. 
Afpotagoen  Mountain.  This  high  land 
lies  on  the  promontory  that  feparates  Ma- 
hone  from  Margaret's  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of 
Nova  Scotia.  It  is  fcen  at  a  great  diftance 
from  the  offing,  and  is  the  land  generally 
piade  by  the  fliips  bound  from  Europe  and 
the  W.  Indies  to  Halifax.  The  fummit  is 
about  500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea. 
Ajfabety  a  rivulet  which  riles  in  Grafton, 
Worcefter  co.  Mallachufetts,  and  runs  N 
?  into  Merrimack  River. 


,  AJftnepoivah,  a  lake  weft  ward  of  Chrli^ 
tianaux  Lake,  and  through  which  its  wa^ 
ters  run  into  Albany  River,  In  New  South 
Wales. 

A^tnibqils,  Of  A^niboeh,  a  rlver  and  lake 
in  the  N  W  part  ol  N.  America.  The  river 
is  faid  to  rife  in  th^  Mountain  of  Bright 
Stones,  runs  N  E  into  Lake  Winipic,  in  N 
lat,  jii  W  Ion.  ic6,  47  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  Winnipic  river,  30  miles  from 
the  lake  it  divides  into  two  branches.  Its 
waters  a  e  inhabited  by  the  Algonquin 
and  Nadov/afis  tribes,  who  are  In  perpetu- 
al warfare.  Several  other  tribes  are  found 
here.  1  he  lake  is  placed  in  fome  maps  in 
the  52d  deg.  of  N  lat.  and  96th  of  W  Ion, 
It  has  communication  with  Chriftianaujc 
Lake,  on  the  eaftward,  Y'hich  fends  its 
waters  to  James  Bay.  This  lake  by  the 
Indians  is  railed  Mkhinipi,  or  great  v/ater  ; 
is  faid  to  be  6co  leagues  in  circumference, 
aud  contains  fo  many  iilands  that  it  is  frcr 
quently  called  the  Lake  of  iflands.  Ac- 
cording to  Father  Charlevoix,  Bourbon 
river  takes  its  rife  from  this  lake. 

AJJinois,  a  nation  of  Indians  inhabiting 
the  forefts  of  Canada. 

AJfumptinn.vca  eplfcopal  city,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Paraguay,  in  the  P2  diviiion  of  Par- 
aguay or  La  Plata  in  S.  America.  It  ftands 
on  the  eaftern  bank  of  a  river  of  its  name, 
a  little  above  the  place  where  the  Picol- 
maga  falls  into  it ;  having  Villa  Rica  on 
the  N  and  La  Plata  on  the  S,  and  is  nearer 
the  fouthern,  than  the  Pacific  ocean  ;  but 
not  far  from  the  middle  of  that  part  of  the 
continent.  It  was  built  by  the  Spaniards 
in  1538,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  healtli^' 
fituation,  as  well  as  for  the  number  of  its 
inhabitants,  and  the  rich  and  fruitful  ter- 
ritory in  wliich  it  (lands  ;  which  produces 
a  great  variety  of  native  and  exotic  fruits, 
in  the  higheft  perfedtion.  Here  are  feve- 
ral  hundred  Spanilli  families,  defcendants 
of  the  flov>'er  of  the  gentry,  who  fettled  in 
this  place  ;  while  the  dregs  of  their  coui>- 
trymen  removed  to  other  parts.  There 
are  likewife  a  number  of  Meftizos  and 
Mulattoes.  The  city  hes  about  50  leagues 
above  tlie  confluence  of  the  Paraguay  and 
Parana,  where  the  former  begins  to  be 
called  the  River  de  la  Plata.  Near  the 
city  is' a  lake,  noted  for  having  in  the  mid- 
dle of  it  a  rock,  which  flioots  up  to  a  pro- 
digious height  like  an  cbellfk.  Lat.  2.6  S, 
Ion.  5  7  40  W. 

AJlchiknunipi,  a  vaft  lake  in  New  Britain, 

abounding  with  whales,  and  fuppofed  to 

communicate  with  the  Northern  Sea. 

Afyluwy  a  poft  town  in    Luzerne   co. 

Fennfylvania  ^ 


ATH 


AUG 


J^ennfylvanla,  350  miles  from  Walliington. 

Atacaina,  Of  Attacama,  a  town,  harbour, 
province,  and  jiirlfdi^iion  in  Peru  in  S.  A- 
jnerica,  lao  leagues  from  I.a Plata  ;  fertile, 
Rnd  remarkable  for  the  fifli  called  Tolo, 
with  which  it  carries  on  a  great  trade  with 
the  Inland  provinces.  Tlii«  province  di- 
vides the  kingdom  of  Peru  from  that  of 
Chili.  There  is  a  great  delert  of  the  fame 
iiame,  and  a  chain  of  mountains  v/hich  fep- 
arate  Peru  on  the  N  from  the  province  of 
Quito.  On  thefe  mountains  the  cold  is  fo 
vlolent,that  pafTengers  are  fometimes  froz- 
en to  death.     Lat.  ^^  S,  Ion  80  -20  "S^"". 

Atch'r  Kouif'pi,  a  lake  in  Labrador,  which 
fends  its  waters  foutherly  into  St.  Law- 
rence R.  through  a  conneJled  chain  of 
fmaU  lakes. 

Athapufcoiv  Lale^  a  large  piece  of  v.-atcr 
in  N.America.  Its  fouthern  end  is  about 
lat.  60  30  N,  its  northweft  part  is  about 
iat.  64  N.  It  extends  from  Ion.  119  to 
131  W.  It  I'Cs  fomcwhat  in  the  form  of  a 
crefcent,  the  concave  part  being  to  the 
N.  The  Indians  fay  the  lake  is  1 20  leagues 
from  E  to  W,  and  20  from  N  to  S.  It  has 
plenty  of  fifh,  and  many  illands  covered 
^viLh  pine,  birch  and  poplar  trees,  inhab- 
ited by  Indian  deer.  The  Athapufcow 
Indians  refide  in  this  vicinity,  in  the  moft 
fonlorn  paganifm.  They  arc  entirely  def- 
titutfi  of  that  benevolent  and  pure  moral- 
ity taught  in  the  bible.  They  cohabit 
■with  their  own  fifters,  daughters  and  mo- 
t'li^rs.  After  living  in  this  Ilate  with  their 
daughters  they  refign  them  up  to  their 
fons.  Hearne. 

AthapvfcoTv,  a  river  which  enters  the 
above  lake  from  the  S.  It  is  a  large  ftream, 
a  miles  wide. 

Athens^  a  townfhip  in  V7indham  co. Ver- 
mont, 32  miles  N  E  from  Bennington  and 
about  6  W  from  Connedticut  R.  having 
450  inhabitants.  Sextons  R.  which  rifes 
in  Londonderry,  pafles  S  E  by  Athens  in- 
to the  townfhip  of  Weflminfter  toConn.R. 

Athens^  a  pofl:  town  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania,  350  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Athens^  a  pod  town  in  Clark  co.  Georgia, 
^64  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Athol,  a  poll  town  in  WofGeR-cr  co. 
Maflachufetts,  with  993  inhabitants,  ^^ 
miles  N  W  from  Worceder,  and  80  from 
Boflon.  A  medicinal  fpring  famed  for  its 
manv  virtues,  ilTues  out  of  a  high  bank  on 
Miller's  River,  20  feet  above  the  furface 
f)f  the  river. 

Ath'rnfon,  a  townfiiip  in  P.ocklngham  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  incorporatccj  in  1767,  474 
•nhabitants.  It  is  "^o  miles  from  Portf- 
siouth,  and  has   an  academy  which  was 


founded  in  17  89,  by  the  Hon.  N.  Pcabod7, 
who  endowed  it  with  icoo  acres  of  land. 
In  this  townfliip  is  a  large  meadow  where- 
in is  an  ifland  of  6  or  7  acres,  which  was 
formerly  loaded  with  valuable  pine  timber 
and  other  forefl  wood.  When  the  meadow 
is  overfiowed,  by  means  of  an  artificial 
dam,  this  ifland  rifes  with  the  water,  which 
is  fometimes  6  feet.  In  a  pond  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  ifland,  there  have  been  fifli, 
which,  when  the  meadow  has  been  over- 
flowed hcTve  appeared  there,  when  the 
water  has  been  drawn  off,  and  the  ifiand 
fettled  to  its  ufual  place.  The  pond  is  new 
almoft  covered  with  verdure.  In  it  a  pole 
50  feet  long  has  difappsared,  without 
finding  bottom 

Atoyaqufly  a  deep  and  large  river  in  Mex- 
ico, or  New  Spain.  On  it  is  the  famou* 
natural  bridge,  called  Ponti  di  Dio,  100 
miles  S  E  of  Mexico,  over  which  carriages 
conveniently  pafs 

Atrato,  a  confiderabk  river  which  run» 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  Carthagena. 

At/ion,  a  poft  town  in  Burlington  co.  V. 
Jerfey,  175  miles  from  Walliington. 

Ati/doroufrfjy  a  poft  town  in  Brillol  co. 
MafTa.  36  miles  foutherly  of  Enflion,  and  9 
N  of  Providence,  containing  2480  fouls. 

Aiiuood's  Key,  a  fmall  ifland  fuiTOunded 
by  rocks,  12  miles  N  E  from  Crooked  I. 
and  so  eaflward  from  Yuma,  or  Long  T.  one 
of  the  Baham.as.     N  lat.  23  28,  W.  Ion.  73. 

Augufia^  a  pod  and  fliire  town  in  Ker- 
fiebec  CO.  Maine.  It  has  a  congregational 
meeting  houfe,  court  houfe  and  gaol,  and 
is  pleafantlv  fituated  on  each  fide  the  Ken- 
nebec. A  noble  bridge  conne<5bs  the  2  parts 
of  the  town.    It  is  the  head  of  navigation. 

Au^ujla  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  divided  from 
Albemarle  and  Araherft  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  It  has  Rockingham  on  the  N  E 
i  and  Rockbridge  on  the  S  W.  The  foil  is 
fertile.  It  has  9756  free  inhabitants,  and 
1946  (laves.  It  is  a  hilly  co.  The  inhab- 
itants cultivate  wheat,  oats,  r^'e,  corn,  flax 
and  hemp.     Chief  town,  Staunton. 

Augufa.,  a  poft  town,  fituated  on  a  fine 
plain  in  Richmond  co.  Georgia,  on  the  S 
W  bank  of  Savannah  R.  where  it  is  near 
500  vards  broad,  at  the  bend  of  the  river, 
I  27  miles  N  W  from  Savannah  by  land, 
340  by  water.  It  contains  1198  white 
people,  and  1017  flaves.  It  is  596  miles 
from  Wafliington.  At  the  firf\  fettlement 
of  the  colony.  Gen.  Oglethorpe  erecfted  a 
fort  here,  for  protedling  the  Indian  trade, 
and  holding  treaties  with  the  natives.  In 
1739,  about  600  people  feparated  them- 
felves  from  the  maritime  fettlements,  and 
removed  to  its  neighbourhood  to  carry  on 

a  peltry 


AU  R 


A  XA 


a  peltry  trade  with  the  Indians.  The  coun- 
try round  it  has  an  excellent  foil,  which, 
with  its  central  htuation,  between  the  upper 
and  lower  countries,  will  bring  it  fafl  into 
importance.  It  contains  about  250  dwell- 
ings. The  public  buildings  are  a  church, 
an  academy  and  government  houle,  a 
market  houfe,  gaol  and  court  houfe.  The 
ftreets  crofs  each  other  at  right  angles. 
In  the  academy  are  generally  80  or  90 
ftudents  ;  the  funds  amount  to  feveral 
thoufand  dollars.  A  bridge  acrofs  the 
Savanna  here  is  19  feet  wide,  7  or  800 
feet  long.  It  is  a  place  of  confiderable 
trade.     N  lat.  33  19,  W  Ion.  80  46. 

Aiigifjlinesj  St.  a  port  and  river  on  the 
coafl:  of  Labrador,  near  the  ftraits  of  Bell- 
ifle  and  oppolite  St.  John's  Bay,Newfound- 
land.  There  are  two  fmall  iflands  in  the 
harbour,  and  about  %  miles  S  W  runs  a 
chain  of  little  iflands,  called  St.  Au^^ujiines 
Chain  ;  the  outermoft  of  which  is  a  re- 
markable fmooth  rock.  It  is  about  25 
miles  from  Great  Mecatina  I.  N  lat.  5 1 
10,  W  Ion.  58  50. 

All  cr  lip  lie's  Square,  St.  a  number  of  fmall 
iflands  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador,  in  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  the  largeft  of  which 
are  from  Shecatica  Bay  on  the  N  E  to  Out- 
er I,  S  W,  viz.  Large,  Sandy,  and  Outer 
iflands  Thefe  are  near  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

Aiio;ti/rine,  St.  the  capital  of  E  Florida,  is 
fttuated  on  the  fea  coafl:,  about  80  leagues 
from  the  mouth  of  the  gulf  of  Florida,  180 
miles  E  from  St.  Mark's,  and  316  S  W 
from  Charlefton  in  S.  Carolina.  It  is  of  an 
oblong  figure,  and  interfedted  by  4  ftreets, 
which  cut  each  other  at  right  angles  The 
town  is  fortified,  has  been  under  different 
jnafters,  and  now  belongs  to  Spain.  It  has 
a  church  and  monaflery  of  the  order  of 
Its  name.  The  breakers  at  the  entrance 
of  the  harbour  have  formed  two  channels, 
whofe  bars  have  8  feet  water  each.  N  lat. 
30,  W  Ion.  81  30. 

Aii^iijline,  Cape  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  300  miles  N  E 
from  the  bay  of  All  Souls,  lat.  8  30  S,  Ion. 
ZS  40,  W. 

Aurean  Academy.,  in  Amherft,  N.  Hamp- 
flaire. 

Aiirelhis,  a  pofl  town  in  N.  York,  Cayu- 
ja  CO.  on  Owafco  L.  9  miles  E  of  the  ferry 
©n  Cavuaga  L.  3312  inhabitants,  448  miles 
from  Waflilngton. 

Aurora,  an  illand  belonging  to  the  Ar- 
chipelago of  the  Great  Cyclades,  15  8  S 
lat.  and  165  j8  E  Ion.  from  Paris,  difcov- 
^led  by  Bougantille,  May  Z2d,  1768.    It 


j  Is  about    20  leagues   long   and  2  broad. 
I  Its  eaftern  fliore  is  fteep,  and  covered  with 
wood.     Lat.  44  54  N,  Ion.  168  24  E. 

Auficn-v'dle,  a  poft  town  in  Wythe  co. 
Virginia,  366  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Avalon.,  a  peninfula  at  the  S  E  corner 
of  the  ifland  of  Newfoundland,  which  is 
joined  to  the  ifland  by  a  narrow  neck  of 
land,  that  has  Placentia  Bay  on  the  S  and 
Trinity  Bay  on  the  N.  The  E  part  of 
this  peninfula  is  encompalled  by  the 
Great  Bank,  and  has,  be  fide  the  two  for- 
mer bays,  the  bay  of  Conception  on  the 
N,  and  the  bay  of  St.  Mary's  and  Trepaf- 
fy  bay  on  the  S.  It  contains  feveral  ex- 
cellent harbours,  bays  and  capes,  among 
which  are  St.  Mary's,  Pine,  Race,  Bal- 
lard, St.  Francis,  &c. 

A'vancay,  a  jurifdi(5Vion  fubjecSt  to  the 
bifliop  of  Cufco,  and  lies  4  leagues  N  E 
of  that  city.  It  abounds  in  fugar  canes, 
fruits  and  corn. 

Averil,  a  townfliip  in  EfTei  co.  Ver- 
mont, near  the  N  E  corner  of  the  State  ; 
its  N  corner  is  on  the  Canada  line. 

Avery's  ^oro*,  a  port  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  on  the  E  bank  of  Cape 
Fear  river,  above  Fayetville,  329  mile* 
from  Wafliington. 

Ai<es,  or  Bird^s  JJland.,  in  the  Weft  Indies, 
fituated  in  N  lat.  15  30,  W  Ion.  63  15, 
named  fo  from  the  great  number  of  birds 
that  breed  there,  yet  is  without  a  tree, 
which  obliges  them  to  lay  their  eggs  in  th» 
fand.  A  flioal  runs  hence  to  the  iflands 
of  Saba,  St.  Euftatius,  and  St.  Ch  riftophers  ; 
which  is  about  2  leagues  broad,  and  from 
10  to  20  fathom  foundings.  It  has  a  good 
harbour  for  careening  veflels.  There  is 
another  ifland  of  this  name,  among  the 
Little  Antilles,  between  the  coaft  of  St. 
Tago  de  Leon,  in  Terra  Firma,  and  th^ 
ifland  of  Bonaire,  and  a  third  near  tht 
eaften  coaft  of  Newfoundland,  lat.  50  5  N. 

Avuio  la  Panda,  a  town  in  the  weftern 
part  of  the  kingdom  of  Leon,  in  N.  Ame- 
rica, between  two  of  the  head  branches  of 
Nafl^is  River. 

A'vnn,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  which 
empties  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  a  little 
eaftward  of  Halifax.  It  is  navigable  as 
far  as  Fort  Edward  for  veflels  of  400  tons, 
and  for  vefTels  of  60  tons  2  miles  higher. 
A  river  called  St.  Croix  nms  into  the  A- 
von,  whofe  fource  is  in  lakes  and  fprings, 
about  7  miles  from  its  entrance,  where  it 
is  crofled  by  a  bridge  on  the  road  leading 
to  Windfor.  It  is  navigable  for  veflels  of 
60  tons  3  miles,  and  for  large  boats  7  miles. 

rflvaj,  a.  town  ia  the  interior  part  of 


BAO 


B  A  II 


N«\v  Albion,  In  N  lat.  39  5,  \V  Ion.  114 
^O.     See  Quivira. 

Ayemiis,  an  Indian  tribe  in  Florida. 

Ayerftozvn,  or  Ayrjhiuii,\n  Burlington  CO. 
N.  Jeriey,  lies  on  the  middle  branch  of  An- 
cocus  Creek,  13  miles  S  eafterly  from  Bur- 
lington, and  5  S  of  jMt.  Holly. 

Aymaraes,  a  jurifdi(5lion  in  Peru  ;  fub- 
je(5l  to  the  bilhop  of  Cuico,  40  leagues  S 
W  of  that  city.  It  abounds  in  fugars, 
cattle,  corn,  and  mines  of  gold  and  filver  ; 
which  laft  are  for  the  mod  part  negiedled, 
as  it  is  but  thinly  inhabited 

Azuca,  or  Az!ia,2i  little  town  in  the  ifl- 
and  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the  fouthei'n  fide, 
at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  bay. 


B 


B 


'AAVs  Rl-ver,  and  Bay,  in  Weft  Green- 
land, lie  between  Bear  Sound  on  the  S  E, 
and  Delft's  Point  on  the  N  W,  and  oppo- 
fite  the  mouth  of  Hudfon's  Strait. 

Babahoyo,  a  village  and  cuftom  houfe  on 
Guayquil  River,  in  Peru,  being  the  land- 
ing place  from  the  city  of  Guayaquill. 
Here  the  merchandife  from  Peru  and 
Terra  Firma,  and  their  refpecStive  prov- 
inces, are  landed. 

Babopas,  a  town  in  the  interior  parts  of 
New  Albion,  eaftward  of  the  long  range 
«f  mountains  whicli  extend  northward 
from  the  head  of  the  peninfula  of  Califor- 
nia.    N  lat  37  45  >W  Ion.  114  25. 

Back  River.      See  Baltimore  County. 

Bac-za,  the  chief  town  of  the  diftritft  of 
Quixos,  in  the  province  of  Quito,  in  Peru, 
and  the  refidence  of  the  governor.  It  was 
built  in  1559  by  Don  Rameiro  d'Avilos. 
The  chief  manufaiSture  here  is  cotton 
cloth. 

Baffi>i'sBay,n  the  largefl  and  mofl:  north- 
ern gulf,  or  bay,  that  has  yet  been  difcov- 
ered  in  N  America  ;  and  lies  between  the 
70th  and  80th  degrees  of  N  lat.  It  opens 
into  the  Atlantic  ocean  through  Baffin's 
and  Davis's  flraits,  between  Cape  Chidley 
on  the  Labrador  coaft,  and  Cape  Farewell 
on  that  of  Weft  Greenland ;  both  of  wliich 
are  in  about  the  6cth  degree  of  N  lat.  It 
abounds  with  whales ;  and  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  Davis's  ftraits  has  a  communication 
with  Hudfon*s  Bay,  through  a  clufter  of 
iflands.  It  was  difcovered  by  the  naviga- 
tor whofe  name  it  bears, in  the  year  i66z. 
Some  maps  fhew  a  communication  with 
Hudfon's  Bay,  in  the  70th  degree  of  N 
lat.  and  in  the  70th  of  W  Ion. 

Bagaduce  Foifit,  a  head  land  within  Pe- 
aobfcot  Bay,  in  Maine. 


Bahama  ChanneL  See  Gulf  nf  Florida  and 
Bahama  IJlavds. 

Bahama  IJlands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  called 
by  the  Spaniards  Lucayos,  coniprehend 
under  this  denomination  all  the  illands,  in 
general,  which  are  to  the  N  of  Cuba  and 
St.  Domingo.  The  lirfl  difcovery  of  the 
New  W  orld,  by  Columbus,  began  October 
1 1, 1492,  at  Guanahani,  or  Cats  lUand,  one 
of  the  Bahamas.  They  were  then  full  of 
people  ;  who  wereiimple,  mild,  and  lived 
happy  in  the  midft  of  plenty.  Thefe  un- 
fortunate people  were  tianfported  to  the 
mines  of  St.  Domingo,  after  the  cruel 
Spaniards  had  exterminated  the  numerous 
inhabitants  of  that  large  illand  ;  14  years 
after  the  difcovery  of  thefe  illands,  not 
one  perfon  remained  in  any  of  the  Baha- 
mas. At  this  time  Charles  II.  granted  the 
Bahamas  to  the  proprietors  of  Carolina, 
They  fent  feveral  governors,  and  built 
the  town  of  Naflau,  which  is  now  the  feat 
of  government  in  the  I.  of  Providence. 
The  ifland  of  Providence  afterwards  be- 
carhe  an  harbour  for  pirates,  who,  for  a 
long  time,  infefted  the  American  naviga- 
tion. In  1718,  Capt.  Woods  Rogers  was 
fent  to  diflodge  the  pirates,  and  form  a 
fettlement  This  the  captain  effedled  ; 
and  the  iilands  have  been  improving  fi nee 
by  a  flow  progrefs.  In  time  of  war,  the 
people  gain  confiderably  by  the  prizes 
condemned  there  ;  and  in  the  courfe  of 
the  late  war  between  G.  Britain  and 
France,  numbers  of  American  veflels,  car- 
rying proviiions  and  ftores  to  French  ports, 
were  carried  here  and  condemned  ;  and  at 
all  times  they  profit  by  the  wrecks  which 
are  frequent  in  this  labyrinth  of  rocks  and 
flioais.  The  Spaniards  and  Americans 
captured  thefe  iilands  during  the  Ameri- 
can war  ;  but  they  were  retaken  April  7, 
1783.  The  Bahamas  are  faid  to  be  500 
in  number;  fome  of  them  only  rocks, 
othcrii  vei  y  low  and  narrow,  or  little  fpot« 
of  land  on  a  level  with  the  water's  edge  ; 
but  I  -  of  them  are  large  and  fertile,  Ibme 
indeed  rocky  and  barren  Five  of  them 
only  are  inhabited,  viz  Promdence,  Har- 
boiir,  Eljuthera,  Cat,  and  Exuma  ;  Turk's 
iflands  have  about  500  men  in  the  fait 
feaon,  but  at  other  times  half  of  them  re- 
turn to  Bermuda.  The  principal  ifland 
which  has  given  its  name  ro  the  whole 
clufter  is  Great  BahajrM,  in  the  Northern 
Bank,  called  the  Little  Bank  of  BalamUt 
whofe  fituation  is  E  and  W  about  i.o 
leagues  from  the  coaft  of  Florida.  At  a 
little  diftance  to  the  E  is  Lucaoneqtie,  of 
ncarjv  the  fame  lizCj  v/hofe  fituation  is  N 


BAH 


BAK 


and  S.  To  the  N  of  bat  a  is  Lucayo,  which 
iies  E  and  W.  A  channel  of  8  or  lo 
leagues  feparates  the  Little  Bank,  from 
the  Great  Bank,  in  which  is  Providence  J. 
with  the  great  iiland  of  Alabajler,  which 
has  Harbor  I.  on  the  N  Cape.  Amlros  ifl- 
ands  are  on  the  S  Wof  Providence,  which 
take  up  a  fpace  of  30  leagues  long  and  5 
broad.  Towards  the  S  E  are  Stocking, 
Exuma,  and  Tuma,  or  Long  Iiland.  Gua- 
nahani,  or  Cats  I  the  firft  difcovered  in 
America,  lies  E  of  the  Great  Bank,  and  is 
feparated  from  it  by  Exuma  Sound.  The 
climate  of  thefe  iflands  is  temperate  and 
the  air  healthy-  On  the  coafts  is  found 
ambergrife  ;  and  the  inhabitants  catch 
great  quantities  of  green  turtle.  The  on- 
ly article  cultivated  for  exportation  is 
cotton ;  of  which  the  medium  export  is 
1500  bags  of  2  cwt.  each.  In  1787,  there 
were  4500  acres  in  cotton.  In  1785, 
1786,  and  1787,  which  were  favorable 
years,  each  acre  produced  about  iialbs. 
It  is  very  liable  to  be  deltroyed  by  the 
worms  ;  between  September  and  March, 
1 788,  no  lefs  than  a8o  tons  were  deftroy- 
ed.  Thefe  iflands  alfo  produce  a  great 
quantity  of  dying  woods,  and  fome  lig- 
numvitas  and  mahogany ;  and  lie  between 
1Z  and  Z7,  N  lat.  and  ^t,  and  81,  W  Ion. 
In  1773,  there  were  2052  wiiite,  and 
2241  black,  inhabitants  ;  but  of  late  years 
there  has  been  a  conliderable  emigration 
from  North  America,  fo  that  the  precife 
number  cannot  be  given. 

Baha?na,  the  chief  of  the  Bahama  ifl- 
ands, is  about  20  leagues  from  the  coaft  of 
Florida,  and  about  10  W  from  the  ifiand 
of  Lucayo.  It  is  about  28  leagues  long 
and  3  broad,  is  very  fruitful,  has  a  ferene 
air,  and  is  watered  with  multitudes  of 
I'prings  and  brooks.  It  formerly  produc- 
ed great  quantities  of  faflfafras,  farfaparil- 
la  and  redwood,  which  were  all  deftroved 
by  the  Spaniards.  Its  chief  produce,  now, 
is  cotton,  Indian  wheat,  fowls,  and  a  par- 
ticular kind  of  rabbits  ;  they  have  lup- 
plics  of  other  proviiions  from  the  conti- 
nent. Their  chief  commerce  confifts  in 
larniilaing  with  provifions,  fuch  flaips  as 
are  driven  in  here  by  bad  weather.  It  is 
fitunted  on  the  fand  bank,  called  Little 
Bahama  Bank,  v/hich  extends  northward 
60  miles.  The  Strait  of  Bahama,  or  Gulf 
tf  Florida,  lies  between  the  coaft  of  Florida 
and  this  iiland.  The  Spanifii  flrlps  from 
the  Havannah  homeward,  are  obliged  to 
wait  an  opportunity  to  pafs  this  flrait';  and 
the  flrait  is  16  ieagiies  broad,  and  45  long. 

Bahia,CT  Bay,  Ibmetimes  applied  to  St. 
S'dvadore,  the  capital  of  Brazil,  and  to 
Vol.,  I.  X> 


the  Bay  of  All  Saints,  in  which  captain- 
fhip  it  is  fituated. 

Bahia  Hondii,  al'iy  on  the  northern  iitXs 
of  the  G.of  Cuba.  I'he  bay  has  10  to  15  fath- 
oms of  watcr,the  entrance  intothe  harbour 
and  an  anchorage  in  4  and  5  fathoms.  The 
entrance  lies  in  N  lat.  23  26,  V/  Ion.  83  25. 

Bahia  dc  Chetiunel,  called  by  the  Brilifit 
Hanover  Bay,  lies  on  the  V.  fide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan  in  the  fea  of  Hon- 
duras, and  into  which  falls  Honde  R.  It 
has  the  I^ogwood  Country  on  the  S.  At 
its  mouth  are  two  large  illands  and  a  num- 
ber of  ifiots.  The  iargeft  ifland  is  J\m-r 
bergrife  Key,  which  luns  along  the  mouth 
of  the  bayj,  and  is  70  miles  long. 

Bairdjioivn,  or  Beardjloivn,  a  pofi  town  in 
Nelfon  CO.  Kentucky,  is  a  flourifliing  place 
of  579  inhabitants,  fituated  on  the  head 
waters  of  Salt  river,  50  miles  S  E  from 
Louifville,  619  from  Wafliington. 

Baker  s  Falls  in  Hudfon  river,  at  the 
bend,  i  mile  above  Fort  Edward,  deferve 
the  notice  of  travellers. 

Bakcrsfeld,  a  town  in  Franklin  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  has  222  inhabitants,  50  miles 
N  E  of  Burlington. 

Baker  s  IJland,  is  about  three  eights  of  a 
mile  long,  lying  to  the  S  W  of  Cape  Ann, 
ofFSalem  harbour,  Maflachufetts  ;  on  the 
N  end  of  which  a  light  houfe  was  erecTled 
in  1797,  with  two  lights  about  40  feet 
from  each  other,  ranging  N  W  ^  V/,  and 
S  Ei  E,  the  S  liglit  <)$  feet  from  the  wa- 
ter, the  N  light  78  feet.  Veffcls  inv/ard 
bound  and  falling  in  with  Cape  Ann,  may 
obferve  the  foilowing  diredlions,  r:i'z.. 
When  abreafl  of  Cape  Ann  Lights,  bear- 
ing N  N  W  about  2  miles  diflance,  fleer 
W  S  W  abovit  3  leagues,  which  brings 
them  up  with  the  Eaflern  point  of  Cape 
Ann,  then  fleer  W  by  S  7-*  niiles,  which 
brings  them  up  with  the  Lights  on  Baker's 
Iiland.  Ships  bound  to  Salem  and  falling 
to  the  fouthward  in  Bofton  bay,  and 
running  for  the  Lights,  when  making  the 
Lights,  they  mufl:  keep  the  North,  and 
lowefl:  Light,  open  to  the  eaflward  of  the 
foulhern  Light,  and  run  for  them,  which 
will  carry  them  to  th-e  eaflward  and  clear 
of  the  South  Breaker  of  Baker's  Ifland, 
which  bears  from  the  Lights,  S  E  by  S,  i 
mile  and  a  half  diftance.  VefTels  bound 
to  Salem,  having  made  the  I^ights  with  a 
weflerly  wind,  in  beating  up,  mufl  not 
fland  to  the  fouthward  and  wcflward, 
further  than  to  Unit  one  Light  in  with 
the  other,  on  account  of  the  South  Break- 
er, nor  to  the  northward  further  than  to 
bring  the  Lights  to  bear  W  bv  S  \  S,  on 
account    of    Cale's   Ledge,  which    bears 

from 


B  AL 


BAt 


Jfrom  the  Lights,  N  E  ^  E,  i  mile  and  three 
quarters  diilance.  In  going  into  Salem 
and  being  up  with  the  Lights,  give  Ba- 
ker's liland  a  birth  of  one  quarter  mile  or 
lei's,  then  fleer  W  by  N  and  you  wiU  pafs 
the  Mirery  Ifiand,  leaving  it  on  your  lar- 
board hand;  which  l)ears  from  the  Lights, 
N  W^  N.  diftance  4-5  of  a  mile,  continue 
your  courfe  W  by  N  1  mile  and  a  half, 
then  vou  have  palled  Bowditch's  Ledge, 
leaving  it  on  vovir  larboard  hand,  where 
any  Rrangcr  may  anchor  in  fafety,  in 
about  5  fathom  water,  good  anchoring 
ground.  Biit,  if  you  chooi'c  to  proceed 
into  Salem  Harbour,  then  fleer  W  untl 
abreail  of  tlie  Haflc,  which  you  will  leave 
On  your  larboard  ha.ad,  about  a  half  a  mile 
diilance,  then  fleer  S  W  by  W,  wKich  will 
carry  you  into  Salem  Hnrbour.  N.  B.  Eafl- 
ern  Point  bears  froraBaker's  Ifiand  Lights, 
t  by  N  i  N,  7-§  miles,  dia-mce.  Half 
"tVay  Pvock  bears  from  the  Lights,  S  one 
quarter  E,  3^  miles  diflaace  :  Harding's 
P..ock3,  bear  from  the  Lights  W,  -^  N,  dis- 
tance half  a  mile. 

Baldutha,  a  fettlement  in  the  eaflern- 
mofl  part  of  Kentucky,  on  the  V*''  tide  of 
Big  Sandy  River.  Near  this  is  Clay  Lick, 
and  about  a  mile  S  E  frauds  Vancouver's 
Fort,  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
fork  of  tlie  Big  Sandy. 

Bild  Eagls,  or  IVarrior  ]\'Iniir.fa'in<i,  he 
about  200  miles  W  of  Philadelphia,  in 
Bedford  co.  Pennfylvania,  and  forms  the 
wefteiu  boundary  of  Paid  Eagle  Valley. 
Bald  Eagle  is  Hkewifc  the  name  of  a  river 
which  i-uns  a  N  E  courfe  44  miles,  and 
falls  into  the  W  branch  of  Sufquehannah 
River.  The  head  water  of  Pluron  River 
which  falls  into  Lake  Erie,  is  called  Bald 
Eagle  Creek. 

Bald  Eagle  Valley,  or,  as  it  is  commonly 
called,  Sinkitig  Sprinrr  Valley,  lies  Upon  the 
frontiers  of  Bedford  co.  in  Pennfylvania, 
about  200  miles  N  N  W  from  Philadel- 
pl-.ia.  It  hcis  on  the  E  a  chain  of  high, 
rugged  mountains,  called  tlie  Canoe  Ridge, 
and  onthe  W,  the  i>^////-£ag-/c',  or  Warrior 
JNIountains.  This  is  a  pleafant  vale,  of 
lim.eflone  bottom,  5  miles  in  extent  where 
widcfl  ;  and  in  the  ^iciaity  are  great 
quantities  of  lead  ore»  It  contained,  in 
1779,  about  60  or  70  families,  living  in 
log  houfe^^  who  formed,  in  the  fpace  of 
7  or  8  years,  feveral  valuable  plantations, 
ibmc  of  which  are  remarkably  agreeable 
on  account  of  their  fituatiou  in  the  Au- 
tumn of  1799,  the  yellow  fever  proved 
mortal  to  a  numb'^r  of  the  inhabitants. 
During  the  late  wr:r  with  Great  Britain, 
lead  was  much  wanted,  and  very  difficult 


to  be  procured,  which  induced  a  c6^« 
pany,  under  the  promifes  of  the  State,  t<y 
fettle  here,  and  eftablifli  a  regular  fet  of 
works.  A  fort  of  logs  was  erecled  for 
the  protedllon  of  the  miners  ;  and  a  con- 
liderable  quantity  of  ore  was  produced, 
from  which  lead  enough  was  made,  te^ 
give  a  competent  idea  of  the  real  value  of 
the  mines  in  generah  The  danger  of  the 
fituation,  however,  while  an  Indian  war 
continued,  occafioned  the  failure  of  the 
undertaking.  The  lead  ore  was  of  many 
kinc'S ;  fome  in  broad  flakes,  and  others- 
cf  the  flecly  texture.  Several  regular 
fliiafts  were  funk  to  a  confiderable  depth  ; 
one  of  wliich  was  on  the  hill,  upon  which 
the  fort  was  ere6led,  and  from  which  ma- 
ny large  malfes  of  ore  were  procured  ;" 
but,  not  forming  a  regular  vein,  it  was 
difcontinued,  and  anotiier  opened  about  a 
mile  from  the  fort,  nearer  to  Frank's 
I'own.  Here  the  miners  continued  until 
they  finally  relinquiilied  the  bufmefs. 
Wiien  they  firfl  began,  they  found  in  the 
upper  furface  or  veg.  table  earth,  feveral 
hundred  weight  of  cubic  lead  ore,  clean 
and  unmixed  with  any  fubftance  v/ha lev- 
er, which  continued  as  a  clue,  \e:'A\i\g 
them  down  through  the  different  fhata  of- 
earth,  marl,  &c.  until  they  came  to  the 
rock,  which  is  here  in  general  of  the  lirae- 
flone  kind.  Among  other  curiolities  of 
this  piace,  is  that  called  the Sivalloivs.'<^\\ich. 
abforb  feveral  of  the  largcfl  flream.s  of  the 
valley,  and  after  conveying  tiiem  feveral 
miles  under  ground,  in  a  fubterrancous 
courfe,  return  them  again  upon  the  fur- 
face.  Thefe  fubterraneous  paflages  hava 
given  rife  to  the  name,  Sitiling  Sprwg  Val- 
ley. Of  thefe  the  moft  remarkiible  is  call- 
ed the  Arch  Springs,  and  run  clofe  upon  the 
road  from  the  to'.vn  to  the  fort.  It  is  a. 
deep  hollow,  formed  in  the  limeflone 
rock,  "bout  30  feet  >>  ide,  with  a  rude  nat- 
ural flone  arch  hanging  over  it,  forming  a 
pafiage  for  the  water,  which  it  throws  out 
with  fome  degree  of  violence^  and  in  fuch 
plenty  as  to  form  a  fine  flream,  n  hich  at' 
length  buries  itfelf  again  in  the  bowels  of 
tlie  earth.  Some  of  thel'e  pits  are  near 
3 00  feet  deep  •,  the  water  at  the  bottom 
feems  in  rapid  motion  ;  and  is  apparently 
as  black  as  ink ;  though  it  is  as  pure  as, 
the  finefl  fprings  can  produce.  Many  of 
thefe  pits  are  placed  along  the  courfe  of 
this  fubierraneous  river,  \hich  foon  aiter 
akcs  an  opportunity  of  an  opening  at  a 
declivity  of  tlie  ground,  and  keeps  along 
the  furface  among  the  rocky  hills  for  a 
few  rods,  then  enters  the  mouth  of  a  large 
cave,  'whofe  exterior  aperture  would  be 

fulTicieat' 


B  AL 


B  AL 


fufficient  to  admit  a  fliallop  with  her  fails 
full  fpread.  In  the  iniide  it  keeps  from 
1 8  to  20  feet  wide.  The  roof  dechnes 
as  you  advance,  and  a  ledge  of  loofe,  rug- 
ged rocks,  keeps  in  tolerable  order,  on  one 
tide,  affording  means  to  fcrarable  along. 
In  the  niidft  of  this  cave  is  much  timber, 
bodies  of  trees,  branches,  8<c.  v/hich  be- 
ing lodged  up  to  the  roof  of  this  pallage, 
fliews  that  the  water  is  fwelled  up  to  the 
very  top  during  frefliets.  This  opening 
in  the  hill  continues  about  400  yards, 
when  the  cave  widens,  after  you  have  got 
round  a  fudden  turning  (which  prevents 
its  being  difcovered  till  you  are  v/ithin  it) 
into  a  fpacious  room,  at  the  bottom  of 
which  is  a  vortex,  the  \vater  that  falls  in- 
to it  whirling  round  with  amazing  force ; 
fticks,  or  even  pieces  of  timber,  are  imme- 
diately abforbed,  and  carried  out  of  fight, 
the  water  boiling  up  with  exceiiive  vio- 
lence, v.  hich  fubfides  by  degrees,  until  the 
experiment  is  renewed.  Irom  the  top  of 
th«  Bald  Eagle  Mountains  is  a  fine  prof- 
pedl  of  the  Alleghany, ftretching  along  un- 
til they  fetm  to  meet  the  clouds.  Much 
Hate  is  found  here,  with  ftrong  figns  of  pit 
coal.  Such  as  vifit  thefe  parts  muft  crofs 
the  Juniatta  river  3  or  4  times,  from  Stand- 
ing Stone  or  Himtington,  to  the  fort  ; 
from  which  it  is  computed  to  be  ahcut  az 
Wiiles  diflance. 

BaU  MnuiJtains,      See  Tmcjfee. 

Bald  Head,  at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear 
River,  N.  Carolina,  is  at  the  S  W  end  of 
Smith's  I.  and  with  Oak  I.  forms  the  main 
entrance  into  the  river.  The  light  houfe, 
which  was  ered:ed  here  in  Dec.  1794, 
bears  4  miles  N  N  W  from  the.  point  of 
Cape  Fear,  and  24  miles  N  W  by  N,  from 
the  extremity  of  the  Frying  Pan  flioals. 

Bald  Head  makes  the  S  W  part  of  what 
is  called  Wells  Bay,  in  the  Didrid:  of 
Maine.  Between  Cape  Neddick  harbour 
on  the  S  S  W,  and  Wells  Bay  are  fcveral 
coves,  where  fmall.  velfels  in  a  fmooth 
time,  and  with  a  wefteriy  wind,  haul 
alhore,  and  are  loaded,  with  wood  in  the^ 
cpurlie  of  a  tide,  v/ith  eafe  and  fafety. 

Baldivia,  or  Valdivia^  a  feaport  town  in 
the  province  of  Chili  Proper,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Chili,  3^  America.  It  was  Ivailt  by 
the  Spanifli  General.  Baldivia,  about  the, 
year  155 1,  and  ftands  between  the  rivers 
Gallacalles  and  Portcro,  where  they  fall 
into  the  S.  Sea.  In  the  yearijjy,  the 
Chilefe  chafed  the  Spaniar.d,s  from  .  this 
fettlement,  burned  the  town,  and  put  the. 
inhabitants  to  the  fword  ;  pouring  melted  . 
^M  down  the  governor's  throat  ■  when 


aKve,  and  afterwards  ufed  his  flvull  for  It 
cup  to  drink  in.  There  are  many  gold 
mines  here,  and  the  Spaniards  have  fortr- 
lied  the  place  ftronglv,  as  it  is  fi-ppoicci  to 
be  the  key  of  the  S.  teas.  The  Vvhiies  of 
Peru  and  Chili,  baniflied  for  their  crimes, 
are  font  hkher  to  fupport  the  forcifica* 
tioiis.  Thex)uteh  made  themfclves  rnaf- 
ters  of  it  in  1643  »  t>ut  were  forced  to  a- 
bandcn  it,  leaving  all  their  cannon,  30  or 
40  pieces,  baggage  and  ftores  ;  on  advice 
that  luccours  were  arriving  to  oppofe 
them  from  Peru.  The  viceroy  fends 
30.000  crowns  a  year,  to  fupport  the  gar- 
rifon.  There  are  great  rains  here  during 
3  moiUhs  of  the  year.  S  lat.  32  38,  W 
Ion.  73  io.  Baldivia  isalfo  the  name  of 
a  river  in  Chili. 

Salixe,  Old  and  Nerv,  105  miles  belovr 
New  Orleans,  were  formerly  inconfidcra- 
ble  pofts,  at  the  mouths  of  tlie  Mifhiippi, 
with  3  or  4  cannon  in  each,  and  garriion- 
ed  by  a  fubaltein's  command.  They  ap- 
pear to  liave  been  eftabliihcd  for  the  pur- 
pofes  of  allifling  vefiels,  coming  into  the 
river,  aad  forwarding  intelligence  to  New 
Orleans,  They  are  lb  lituated  as  not  to 
defend  the  entrance  into  the  river,  not  be- 
ing fufficicntly  near  its  deepefb  channel. 
With  a  fair  wind  the  v^oyag*  from  the 
Bahze  to  New  Orleans  105  miles,  is  per- 
formed in,  3  or,  4  days,  commonly  in  7  or 
8  day  J.  Hut  chins. 

Balleze,  Balltze^  or  IVall'iSy  a^river  in  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan,  New  Spain,  v/hich 
runs  northeafberly  above  200  miles,  and- 
cmpties  into  the  bay  of  Honduras,  oppo- 
lite  the  N  end  of  Turncfl'  likmd.  By  the 
treaty  of  peace  in  1783,  it  is  agreed  that 
Britilli  fubjecfs  iliali  have  theright  of  cut- 
ting and  carrying  away  logwood  in  the. 
diftriift  lying  between  this  river  and  that 
of  Rio  Honde,  on  the  N,  which  falls  into- 
Hanover  Bay.  The  courie  of  the  rive: 5 
are  to  be  the  tmalterable  boundaries. 

Balltoivn,  a  pofl  town  in  Saratoga  cr>. 
N.  York,  and  has  2099  inhabitants.  Ir.  lies 
27  miles  N  N  W  of  Albany,  has  a  Prclhy- 
terian  meeting  houfe,  and  is  in  a  thriving 
ilate  ;  428  miles  from  Walhington.  The 
medicinal  waters  called  Ballioivn  Upriv^Sy 
from  their  being  found  within  the  limits 
of  this  town,  .are  of  great  celebrity,  both 
on  account  of  their  healing  virtue,  and 
the  fuperior  accommodations  found  rear 
theiTi  for  valetudinarians.  They  arc  iitii- 
ated  about  12  miles  W  of  Still  Water  ;  14 
from  that  part  of  the  banks  of  the  Kud- 
fon  famous  for  the  vi<5Vory  of  Gen.  "Gates 
ovcr,.Gcn,Ewrgoync  ;  30  N  of  Albany  ;  3c 

S.of 


B  AL 


BAL 


S  of  Lake  George,  and  190  above  the  city 
of  N.  York.  The  fprlngs  are  found  in 
the  bottom  of  a  valicy,  or  excavation, 
forming  a  kind  of  bafon  of  about  50  acres 
in  extent.  The  woods  arq  pretty  well 
cleared  near  the  fprings.  I'here  are  feve- 
ral  large  houfcs  for  entertainment,  with 
neat  bathing  houfes,  and  iho\Vler  baths  for 
the  convenience  of  invalids.  The  largeft 
I'pring  belongs  to  the  public.  Sir  William 
johnibn  made  this  obfervation,  when  he 
Ibid  this  tradl  of  land  to  private  individu- 
als :  "  In  tracing  the  hiftory  of  thefe  medi- 
cinal fprings,  I  could  only  learn  that  an 
Indian  chief  difcovered  them  to  a  fick 
French  oflicer  in  the  early  part  of  their 
wars  v/ith  the  EngHln.  But  whether  they 
were  tliefe  very  Iprings  in  this  bafon,  or 
thofe  at  10  miles  diflance,  properly  called 
the  Saratoga  Springs,  I  know  not  "  The 
foil  for  half  a  dozen  miles  in  Ibme  di- 
retftions  round  this  place,  is  poor  and 
landy,  producing  little  elfe  than  pine  trees, 
llirub  oaks,  fern,  and  miillen.  In  the  hills 
in  the  vicinity,  ores  have  been  found,  ef- 
pecially  iroa  and  copper,  or  rather  what 
the  mineralogifts  call  fern/j^inous  and  capre-. 
Gus  pyrites.  The  valley  of  Balltown  and 
its  environs  may  be  made  an  enchanting 
i'pot,  equal,  nay,  fuperior  in  fome  refpedks 
to  any  of  the  watering  places  in  Europe, 
'i'he  KayaderalToras  river,  which  is  about 
30  yards  wide,  gives  feveral  hints  to  the 
jnan  of  tafte,  to  turn  its  waters  to  the  life 
iirid  beauty  of  the  future  town, which  thefe 
3nedicinal  fprings  will  one  day  raife  in  this 
place.  The  medicinal  waters  which  have 
made  tliis  fpot  fo  famous  of  late,  are  re- 
jnarkably  limpid,  confidering  they  con- 
t;un  iron,  a  mineral  alkali^  co?n>noit  fait,  and 
iitne.  They  are  brifk  and  fparkling  like 
champaigne.  In  drinking  tliey  affetSt  the 
3iofe  and  palate  like  bottled  cider,  and 
iiightly  afTccl  the  head  of  fome  people, 
by  their  inebriating  quahty.  They  de- 
rive this  exhilirating  quality  from  what 
Dr.  Prieflly  ca\h  fixed  air,  and  is  that  an- 
imating fomethiivr  v.'hich  gives,  aclivity 
to  yeall,  and  life  to  malt  liquors.  It  is 
iil'ed  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  fpringa 
inftead  of  yeaft  in  making  bread  ;  and 
makes  it  rife  more  fpeedily  and  cfTedtual- 
lythan  any  other  ferment  in  ordinary  ufc. 
Horfes  drink  thefe  waters  with  avidity. 
T'jie  ignorant  country  people  fee,  withaf- 
touilhment,  that  a  candle  xaWS.  not  burn 
near  the  furface  of  thefe  waters.  Fifli  and 
frog>  are  killed  in  a  few  minutes,  and 
geefeand  ducks  can  only  fwim  in  them  a 
few  minutes  before  they  expire.     Thefe 


waters  are  apt  to  burft  bottles,  when  coj^si 
ed  in  very  warm  weather,  efpecially  dur- 
ing a  thunder  dorm  ;  but  with  care  may 
be  tranfported  in  bottles  to  any  diftance. 
They  boil  with  a  very  moderate  degree 
of  heat  ;  they  are  nevertheiefs,  remarka- 
bly cold  ;  for  when  the  mercury  in  Fah- 
renheit's thermometer  flood  at  86  in  the 
open  «iir,  and  79  in  the  brook  running 
near  the  fpring,  it  ftood  in  one  of  thefe 
mineral  fprings  at  49,  and  in  the  other  at 
51.  The  firll  was  conflantly  fecluded 
from  the  rays  of  the  fun  ;  the  laft  always 
expofed  withput  a  covering.  Phyiicians 
feldom  direct  their  patients  to  drink  more 
than  three  quarts  of  thefe  waters  in  iz 
hours  ;  b.ut  fome  drink  the  enormous 
quantity  of  3  gallons,  and  even  more,  in  a 
day.  Cold  as  they  are  they  may  be  drunk- 
en with  fafety  in  the  hottefl  weather. 
They  incrcafe  every  natural  evacuation; 
nay,  they  are  cathartic,  diuretic  and  fu- 
dorific,  at  the  fame  time.  On  the  firfl  tri- 
al they  are  apt  to  difagree  Avith  many  peo- 
ple, they  create  uneahnefs  in  the  flomach 
and  bowels,  and  caufe  a  heat  in  the  glands, 
of  the  throat,  until  they  begin  to  pafs  off 
freely  by  th?  kidneys.  They  then  become 
pleafant  and  operate  agreeably.  They 
blacken  the  teeth  and  alfo  tlie  alvine  fae- 
ces. They  are  deemed  a  fpeciiic  in  lofs 
of  appetite  and  indigeflion.  They  are 
j  highly  ferviceable  in  hypochondriac  and 
I  billions  cafes,  in  obftruclions,  and  in  the 
I  flone  and  gra,v?l,  and  cutaneous  diforders,. 
Their  credit  is  not  fo  well  eflabliflied  in 
the  gout  or  rheumatifm.  They  are  hurt- 
ful in  innantimatory  diforders  and  conr 
furaptions.  Their  ufe  occalions  heat  in 
the  glands  of  the  throat,  and  flilFnefs  of 
the  neck,  and  in  fuch  as  are  fubje<5t  to  the 
toothache,  an  aggravation  of  the  pain. 
They  are  a  powerful  and  precious  remedy 
in  the  hands  of  the  judicious,  but  ought 
never  to  be  ufed  without  the  advice  of  a 
ikilful  phyfician. 

Ballfloivn,  a  town  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
containing  1^59  inhabitants  ;  195  miles  N 
Lfrom  BoRon,  la  N  of  WifcafTett. 

UaltiMore  Co.  in  Maryland,  lies  between 
Patapfco  and  Gunpowder  riversjthe  former 
dividing  it  from  Ann  Arundel  co.  on  the  S 
and  S  W,  Gunpo\ydcr  and  Little  GunpoAv'- 
der  feparating  it  from  Harford  co.  on  the 
1'.  and  N  F.  It  has  Frederick  co.  on  the 
\V  jmd  N  W,  Pennfylvania  on  the  N,  and 
Chelapeak  Bay  on  the  S  E.  Belides  the 
rivers  which  bound  it,  and  their  branches, 
this  county  has  Back  and  INIiddle  rivers, 
between  the  Uvo  former;   but  they  are 

ruther 


B  AL 


BAR 


Wt}ier  arms  of  Chefapeak  bay,  than  riv- 
ers. Back  R.  4  or  5  miles  E  of  Patapfco, 
receives  two  fmall  ftreams  ;  the  N  v/eft- 
ernmofl  is  called  Herring  Run.  Middle 
R.  has  little  or  no  fupply  of  frefli  water. 
There  are  numerous  iron  works  in  this 
county  ;  and  it  contains  59,030  inhabit- 
ants, including  9673  flaves.  Its  chief  town 
is  Baltimore. 

Baltimore,  a  pofl  town  in  the  above  coun- 
ty, and  the  largeft  in  the  ftate  of  Mary- 
land.      It  is    larger    than     Bofton.       It 
is  lituated  on  the  N  fide  of  Patapfco  R.  at 
a  fmall  diftance  from  its  junction  with  the 
Chefapeak.     The  entrance  of  the  hai'bour 
is  defended  by  Whetftone  Fort ;  hardly  a 
piflol  lliot  acrofs,  and  of  courfe  may  eafi- 
ly  be  defended  againfl  naval  force.    From 
the  head  of  Ilk  R.  at  the  head  of  the  bay 
to    Baltimore,   is  about    60  miles.     The 
town  is    built  around  what  is  called  the 
bafon,  reckoned  one  of  the  finell  harboiirs 
in  America.     The  water  rifes  S  cr  6  feet 
at  common  ticks.     It  is  divided  into  what 
is  called  the  town  and  Feli's  Point,  by  a 
creek  ;  over  which  are  two  bridges  :  but 
the  Ixjufes  extend,  in  an  irregular  manner, 
from  the    one   to   the   other.      At  Fell's 
Point  the  water  is  deep  enough  for  ihips 
of  burden,  but  fmall  veiFels  only  go  up  tQ 
the  town.     The  iituation  is  low,  and  vvas 
formerly    thought   unhealthy,  but,  by  its 
rapid  increafc,  improvementb  have  taken 
place,  which  have  corrected  the  dampnefs 
of  the  air,  and  it  is   now   judged   to  be 
healthy.   In  1 78 7, it  contained  1955  dwell- 
ing houfes  ;   of  which   1 300  were  in  the 
town,  and  the  rpft  at  Fell's  Point.    It  then 
had  iji  ftores.    The  inhabitants  now  are 
l6,si4,  of  whom  2843  are  Haves.     Before 
the  emigration  of  the  French  people  from 
Cape  Fran(;ois,  and  other  illands,  the  houf- 
es had  increafed   to  2300.     Thole  unfor- 
tunate people,  flying  from  their  mercilefs 
countrymen,  who  had  burned  and  pillag- 
ed their  cities   and  towns,  and  niurdered 
their  relations  and  friends,  found  here  an 
hofpitable  afvlum,  after  fufferings  hardly 
paralleled  in  the  annals  of  hiftory.     Here 
y.re  II  places  of  public  worfliip,  which  he- 
lp n-g  to  Roman    Cathohcs,   Geinian   Cal- 
vinifls  and  Lutherans, Epifcopahans,Picf- 
byterians,  Baptifts,   Mcthodifrs,  Quakers, 
Nicolites,  or  New  Quakers,  and  the  difci- 
ples   of   Baron  Swedenborg,  who  all  Hve 
together  in  peace.     It  is  inhabited  by  peo- 
ple from  mod  parts  of  Europe.    The  prin- 
cipal ftre'et  is   Market   ftrcct,  "/hich  runs 
nearly  E  and  W  a  mile  in  Icipth,  paraHel 
\vilh  the  water.  This  is  croiTed  ■"•v  a  nuni- 


ber  of  other  ftreets,  which  run  from  th<9 
I  water  ;  a  number  of  which,  particularly 
j  Calvert  and  Gay  ftreets,  are  well  built, 
i   N  and  E  of  the  town,  the  land  rifes,  an4 
,  prefents  a  noble  view  of  the  town  and  bay. 
i  In  1790,  this  city  owned  27  iliips,  i  fnow, 
j  31  brigantines,  34  fchooners,  and  9  Hoops 
j  — ^Total  102;  tonnage  13,564.    In  the  bc- 
I  ginning  of   1798  the  Ihipping  amounted 
I  to  59,837  tons.     The  exports  in   1790  a- 
j  mounted  to  2,027,770,  and  the  imports  to 
j   1,945,899  dollars.     In   1798  the  exports 
exceeded  12,000,000  dollars.     The  affair;* 
of  the  town  are  managed  by  a  board  of 
town  commiflioners,  a  board   of  fpecial 
commiilioners,    and   a   board    of   ward- 
ens ;  the  firfl  board  fills  its  own  vacancies, 
and  is  perpetual ;  the  two  Lift  are  appoint- 
ed by  electors,  chofen  every  5th  year  by 
the  citizens.    It  is  S2>  rnilcs  S  WfromElk- 
town,  176  N  E  from   Richmond   in  Vir- 
ginia ;  43  N  E  from  the  city  of  \^^lliing- 
ton,  and  103  S  W  from  Philadelphia.     N 
lat-  39  21,  W  Ion.  77  48. 

Bau^or,  a  pofl:  town  in  Hancock  co- 
Maine,  on  the  weflern  lide  of  Penobfcot 
R.  37  miles  northerly  from  Cafline  and  27 
northeaAerly  from  Fort  Point  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  'Phis  tovv-n  is  at  the  head  of 
navigation  ;  veilels  of  200  tons  may  come 
up  to  it.  'Phe  harbour  is  called  'Kcndnf- 
hag  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  that 
name,  which  is  the  principal  place  of  trade 
on  the  river.  Here  arc  a  number  of  hand- 
fome  houfes.  It  promifes  to  be  a  place  of 
confequence. 

Bank:,  Port,  a  harbour,  on  the  N  W  coall; 
of  America,  S  ealf  crly  from  Cape  Edge- 
comibe,  and  N  weflerly  from  bea  Otter 
Sound. 

Bann^  a  townflu'p  in  York  co.  Pennfvl- 
v^nia. 

Bcracna,  a  feaport  tov.m  in  the  N  E  part 
of  the  iOand  of  Cuba,  in  the  W.  Indies; 
50  miles  N  E  of  St.  Jago  de  Cuba.  N  lat. 
21,  W  Ion.  76  10. 

Bnraquhimito,  a  town  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 

j  America,  in  the  province  of  Caracas,  and 

j  in  the  head  waters  of  Oroonoco  R.  ;'bout 

80  miles  S  fron;  Valencia,  and  175  N  W 

from  Calabeza.    N  lat.  8  $j^,  V/  Ion.  d^  ^^, 

!       Barhadoes,  one  of  the  Caribbee  iflands, 

belonging  to  Britain,  and  next  to  Januiica 

}  for  importance  in  the  \^^  Indies.     It  is  a- 

bout  21  miles  in  length  from  High  Point, 

its  "north.era  extremity,  to   South  Point  \ 

and  14  in  breadth,  from  the  Cliair  near 

Kitridge  Bay  E    to  Valiant  Royalifl:  Fort^ 

V/,  and    contains    106,470  acres  of  \\\n^^ 

niclt  \:ii  which  is  under  cukivr.tion.    It  lies 


BAR 


BAR 


*G  leagues  £  from  St.  Vincent,  which  may 
be  feen  in  a  clear  day ;  25  from  St.  Lucii'  ; 
^8  S  E  from  Martinico  ;  60  N  K  from 
Trinidad,  and  100  S  E  from  St.  Chrifto- 
pher's.  It  is  divided  into  5  diflridts,  and 
II  pariflies  ;  and  contains  4  towns,  viz. 
."Bridgetown,  the  capital  ;  Oftins,  or 
Charieftown  ;  St.  James,  formerly  calleu 
the  Hole  ;  and  Speights  Town.  The  names 
of  the  pariilies  are  St.  LncyV,,  St.  Peter's, 
St.  James's,  St.  Andrew's,  St.  Thomas's  St. 
Jofeph's,  St.  John's,  St.  George's,  St.  Mich- 
ael's, St.  Phihp's,  and  Chrifl  Church.  Its 
foil  raufl:  be  allowed  to  be  highly  fertile,  if 
it  be  true,  that  it  contained  in  1670,50.000 
■whites,  and  ioo,oco  blacks  ;  whole  la- 
bours employed  60,000  tons  of  Clipping 
This  is  thought  to  be  exaggerated  ;  but  it 
5s  certain  that  its  population  has  decreaf- 
ed  rapidly.  In  1786  the  numbers  were 
26,167  whites  ;  838  free  people  of  cricr. 
and  62,115  negroes.  The  exports.,  on  an 
average,  of  17S4,  1785,  and  1786,  had 
fallen  to  9.554  hhds.  of  fugar  ;  5448  pun- 
cheons of  rum;  6520,bag^  of  ginger ;  8331 
bags  of  cotton,  excluilve  0;  fmall  articles, 
as  aloes,  fvveet  meats,  &c.  In  the  year 
ending  the  5th  of  Jan.  1788,  243  veffels 
cleared  outwards  ;  and  the  London  mar- 
3cet  price  of  their  cargoes  in  fterl.  money, 
amounted  to  ^539,605-14-10;  of  which 
the  value  exported  to  the  United  States, 
"was  _£23,2i 7-13-4.  That  the  dreadful 
iucceffion  of  hurricanes,  with  which  this 
and  the  other  W.  India  ifiands  have  been 
vifited,  for  many  years  pafl,  has  contrib- 
uted to  this  great  defalcation,  cannot  be 
doubted.  Bridgetown  was  fcarcely  rifen 
from  the  afliej  to  which  two  dreadful 
fires  hr.d  reduced  it,  when  It  was  torn  from 
its  foundations,  and  the  whole  country 
onadeaicene-of  dcfclation,  by  the  ftorm 
of  the  loth  of  Oift.  1 780,  in  which  no  lei's 
than  4326  of  the  inhabitants,  Iplacks  and 
whites,  miferably  pe/iflied  ;  and  the  dam- 
;ige  done  to  property  was  computed  at 
Xi,320,564-I.:.  fterL  The  force  of  the 
wind  was  at  one  place  fo  great  as  to  lift 
fome  pieces  of  cannon,  with  their  carri- 
ages, feveral  paces  from  the  ramparts. 
The  trade  of  this,  and  fonic  others  of  tlie 
ifiands,  lufTers  conhderably  by  a  duty  of 
4j  per  cent,  on  exported  produce  ;  out  of 
which,  however,  the  governor's  falary, 
;(^20oo  a  year,  is  paid.  The  crown  ac- 
quired this  revenue  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.  which  the  planters  agreed  to,  in  order 
to  fecure  pofTeHlons  to  which  they  had 
uncertain  titles.  Barbadoes  wag  probably 
difcovered  fuft  by   the  Portuguele.     It  is 


ufually  ranked  among  the  winaward  df- 
vilion  of  the  Caribbces,  being  a  da\'  or 
two's  fail  from  Surinam.  From  its  being 
the  firft  difcovered  of  any  of  thefe  iHands, 
it  is  called  Mother  of  the  Sugar  Cdonies. — 
The  iirfl  of  the  Englifh  wlio  are  known 
to  have  landed  here,  were  the  crew  of  the 
Olive  BloJfom^^w.Qd.  out  by  Sir  Olive  Leigh, 
in  1605.  It  was  found  abfolutely  defo- 
lale  ;  nor  had  it  the  appearance  of  hav-. 
'ng  been  peopled  even  by  the  mod  bar- 
barous Indians.  The  ifland  is  fortified  by 
naUire,  all  alpng  the  wiiidward  fiiore,  by 
rocks  an4  ijlioals,  fo  as  to  be  almofl  inac- 
ceffiuie  ;  on  the  leev/ard  fide  it  has  good 
harbours  ;  Init  the  whole  coaft  is  protet5ted 
by  a  good  line,  of  feveral  miles  in  length, 
a^d  leveral  forts,  to  defend  it,  at  the  mofl 
material  places.  The  military,  civil,  and 
religious  eftablifhmcnts  are  well  provided 
for.  Here  is  a,  college  founded  by  CoL 
Codrington  ;  the  only  inftitution  of  the 
kind  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  but  it  has  not  an- 
fwered  the  intention  of  the  founder.  The 
houfes  of  t^h^  pbnters  areverythlcklyfowa, 
all  along  the  country,  v.hich,  with  the  lux-., 
uriant  prcdu(fticns  of  the  foil,  and  the 
gently  fw;eiling  liiUs,  form  a  delightful 
fcene.  The  carliefl  planters  of  Barbadoes 
were  fometimes  reproaclied  vWth  the  guilt 
of  forcing  or  decoying  into  fiavery,  the 
Indians  of  the  neighlioring  continent. 
The  hiilory  oi  Inkle  and  Tarico,Vi]\\c\\  the 
Spedlator  has  recorded  for  the  deteflalion 
of  mankind,  took  its  rife  in  this  ifl- 
and ;  but  happily  tliis  fpecies  of  fiavery 
was  foon  abolilhed.  The  Barbadoes  tar 
is  a  particular  produdlion  of  this  ifland. 
It  rifes  out  of  the  earth,  and  fwims  on 
the  furface  of  the  w?ter.  It  is  of  great 
\ife  in  the  dry  bellyache,  and  in  difeafes  of 
the  breafh  The  capital,  Bridgetown,  lies 
in  N  lat.  13  i?,  W  Ion. 59. 

Barbara,  St.  an  ifland  on  the  coafl:  of  Bra- 
zil.    Alfo  the  chief  town  of  hew  Bifcay. 

Barbe,  St.  a  towu  in  New  Bifcay,  in  tlie. 
vicinity  of  which  are  very  rich  lilver 
m.ines.  It  lies  joo  miles  N  W  of  tlie  city 
of  Mexico.     N  lat.  26  ic,  W  Ion.  no  5.' 

Barbiala,  or  Barboutbes,  one  of  the  Carib- . 
bee  iflands,  -^^S  m^les  N  of  Antigua,  and  ^'i 
N  E  of  St.  Chriifopher's,  and  is  20  miles, 
long  and  12,,  broad.  The  natives  apply 
thtmfelves  chiefly  to  the  breeding  of  cat- 
tle, and  furaifl^ing  the  neighbouring  ill- 
ands  with  proviiions.  It  is  fertile,  abound- 
ing in  the  naj.ural  productions  of  tlie  other 
W.  India  iflands  ;  and  has  a  good  road  for 
fliipping,  but  no  direct  trade  to  Britain. 
It  belongs  tQ   the  Codrington  family,  to 

whoiti 


BAR 


BAll 


n-hom  it  produces  above  ^5000  a  year. 
The  inhabitants  amount  to  about  1500. 
N  lat.  18  T^o,  W  Ion.  61  50. 

Barque,  Ri'viere  a  la,  empties  into  Lake 
Michigan,  from  E  S  E  between  Railin  and 
Marame  rivers.  Its  mouth  60  yards  wide, 
is  7Z  miles  N  by  W  from  Fort  St.  Jofeph. 
Alfo,  the  name  of  a  xiver  v/hich  empties 
into  Lake  Erie,  from  the  N  E  40  miles  W 
N  W  from  the  extremity  of  Long  Point 
in  that  lake,  and  22  E  by  S  from  Tonty  R. 

SarcfeUs,  a  poR  town  in  I>iberLy  co.  S, 
Carolina,  414  miles  fron:  Wafliingtun. 

Barkad::res,  the  name  of  a  part  of  the 
Logwood  Country  on  tlie  E  lide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Yucatan,  through  which  the 
river  Balize  runs  into  the  Sea  of  Honduras. 
It  has  Hicks  Keys  on  the  S,  and  South  La- 
goon on  the  N.     Lat  17  45  N,  Ion.  89  W. 

JBurkhaarfteadi  a  town  in  tiae  northern 
part  of  Conneiflicut,  LitchficM  co.  having 
Hartland  on  the  N,  and  Granby  I .  About 
%S  miles  W  of  Hartford,  and  20  N  E  of 
Litchfield. 

BarfiatdjSi  town  in  Windfor  co. Vermont, 
about  2C  miles  N  W  of  Windfor.  It  has 
1236  inhabitants. 

j3ar>iarJJion,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the  W  bank  of 
ConneAicut  river,  adjoining  Northfield, 
94  miles  N  W  of  Bufton,  containing  780 
inhabitants. 

BarnwufiUt,  an  ifland  of  S.  America,  to 
the  S  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  difcovered  in 
1616.     S  lat.  S5  49>  W  Ion.  66  58. 

Barnegat  Inlet,  called  in  fome  maps, 
iT.'ic  Lili-t,  is  the  pallage  from  the  fea  into 
Flat  Bay  Sound,  on  the  S  eafbern  coaft  of 
New  Jerfey,  68  miles  N  E  from  Cape 
May.  N  lat.  39  47!  Wlo«.  74  13.  Bar- 
negat Beach  lies  below  this  Inlet,  between 
it  and  Little  Egg  Harbour,  16  miles  dif- 
tant,  S  W. 

Barnegat,  the  name  of  a  fmall  village  of 
8  or  10  houfes,  on  the  eafl  bank  of  Hud- 
fon  river,  5  miles  S  of  Poughkeepfle,  and 
75  N  of  N.  York.  The  bufinefs  of  the 
few  inhatjitants  of  this  place,  is  burning 
lime,  from  the  vaft  quantities  of  lime- 
flone  which  are  found  here.  Their  lime 
is  -marketed  in  N.  York,  whither  they 
e'arry  it  in  great  quantities  annually. 

Barnet,  a  poil  town,  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont,  15  miles  N  of  Newbury,  hav- 
ing 858  inhabitants  who  are  emigrants 
from  Scotland,  and  their  defcendants. 
They  have  a  prelbyterian  minifter  and 
adhere  very  flridlly  to  the  forms  of  the 
church  of  Scotland.  The  lower  bar  of 
the  15  mile  falls,  in  ConaeiSticut  R,  is  lit- 


uated  at  the  N  E  corner  of  this  townftii^ 
Into  that  river  it  fends  Stephens  R.  which 
rifes  in  Peacham,  tlie  adjoining  town  oa 
the  W. 

Bamjtable  Co.  lies  Upon  the  peninfula, 
the  point  of  v/hich  is  Cape  Cod,  the  S 
eaftward  point  of  Mafiachuietts  Bay,  op-* 
polite  Cape  Ann.  Cape  Cod  lies  in  N 
lat.  42  4,  W  ion.  from  Greenwich  70 
14,  and  gives  name  to  the  whole  penin- 
fula, which  is  furrounded  by  water  on 
all  fides,  except  the  W,  where  it  is  bound- 
ed by  Plymouth  co.  It  is  65  miles  long, 
as  the  road  runs,  from  th^  ifthmus  between 
Barnftable  and  Buzzard's  Bays  to  Race 
Point  ;  and  its  breadth  for  30  miles  not 
more  than  3,  and  above  half  tlie  remain- 
der from  6  to  9  miles.  It  contains  11 
townfliips  and  the  plantation  of  Marfh- 
pee  ;  having  19,293  inhabitants.  Barn- 
ftable   was   made  a   Ibire  in  1685.     See' 

Cape  Cod. 

Bariifahle^  the  Mattacheefs,  or  Mattacfjes'* 
Jet  of  the  ancient  Indians,  is  a  port  of  en- 
try and  poft  town,  and  tlie  fhire  town  of 
Barnftable  co.  It  extends-  acr-jfs  the  pen- 
infula, and  is  waibed  by  the  fea  en  the  N 
and  S,  having  Sandv/ich,  and  the  diflricSfe 
called  Marlbpee,  on  the  W  is  about  5 
miles  broad,  and  9  long;  72  miles  S  eaft- 
crly  from  Boflon.  Sandy  Neck,  on  the 
N  flibre,  runs  E  almofl:  the  length  of  th© 
town,  and  forms  the  harbour,  embofom- 
ing  a  large  body  of  fait  raarfli.  The  har- 
bour is  about  a  mile  wide,  and  4  long  ; 
in  which  the  tide  rifes  from  8  to  14  feet. 
It  has  a  bar  running  ofr  N  E  from  the 
Neck  fev'^eral  miles,  which  prevents  the" 
entrance  of  large  Ihips- ;  but  fraall  vellels 
may  pafsany  part  of  it  at  high  v/ater ;  and? 
where  it  is  commonly  croiied,  it  feldcm 
has  lefs  than  6  or  7  feet  at  low  wafer. 
There  is  another  harbour  on  the  S  calleci^ 
Lenvis's  Bay.  Its  entrance  is  within  Barn- 
flable,  and  it  extends  almofl  2  miles  into 
Yarmouth.  It  is  commodious  and  fafe, 
and  is  com.pletely  land  locked  ;  and  has> 
5  feet  water  at  a  middling  tide.  A  mile- 
or  tv/o  to  the  weftward;  and  near  the  en- 
trance of  Levv-is's  Bay,  lies  Hyads  Road, 
It  is  formed  principally  by  an  ifland, 
joined  by  a  beach  to  Yarmouth,  wliich 
together,  make  the  outfide  of  the  bay  be- 
fore mcErfioned.  The  S  head  of  this  ifl- 
and is  caUed  Point  Gammon.  Oyfter 
Bay,  near  the  S  W  I'mit  of  the  town,  ad- 
mits fmall  vellels  ;  and  which,  with  I^ew- 
is's  Bay,  has  in  years  pafi:  produced  excel- 
lent oyflers,  in  great  quantities  ;  thougk 
they  are  now  much  reduced.     There  are 

aibout 


:bar 


BAR 


s'Fyout  20  or  3c  ponds  in  E?.rnfl:4ble.  The 
knd  on  the  N  iide  produces  from   15  to 
%,<;  buflicls  of  Indian  corn  to  an  acre,  and 
rve  ami  other  grain  in  proportion.  Wheat 
and  flax  are  cultivated ;    the  latter  with 
fuccefs.     From   iz  to   i8,oco  bufliels  of 
onions  are  raifed  and  fent  chiefly  to  Bof- 
ton  market.     Upwards  oi  lOC  men  are  i 
employed   in  the  lifliery,  which  is  yearly  j 
jncrealing.      Whales   leldom    come   into  1 
Maflachufetts  Bay  now,  and  that  flfnery  i 
is   difcontinued.     No  quarrels  with   the  j 
ancient  natives  of  the  country  are  record- 
ed in   the   accounts  of  this  town.     The 
people,   2964  in  number,   are  generally 
healthy  ;  and  many  inftances  of  longevity 
«re   to  be  met   with.    Numbers    of  the 
farmers   are   occalionally   feamen  ;     and 
this  town  has  afforded,  and  continues  to 
furnifli  many  mafters  of  vcffels  and  mar-  ! 
iners  v/ho  fail  from  other  ports.     N  lat. 

Barnfiiad,  a  townfliip  m  Str^.fFord  co.N. 
Hampfhire,  32  miles  N  W  of  Portfmouth. 

Barre^  a  poft  town  in  Worcefter  co. 
Maffachufelts,  containing  1937  inhabit- 
ants ;  24  miles  N  W  of  WorceAer,  and 
66  W  of  Boflon,  deriving  its  name  from 
Col.  Barrc,  a  Britilli  fenator,  who,  on  the 
eve  of  the  late  war,  plead  the  caufe  of 
America,  in  the  Britifli  houle  of  commons, 
-with  great,  but  unfuccef&ful  energy.  This 
town  has  good  paftures,  and  here  are  fat- 
ted multitudes  of  cattle  j  and  it  is  fuppof- 
ed,  more  butter  and  cheefe  is  carried 
hence  to  the  market,  annually,  than  from 
any  other  town  of  the  fame  lize  in  the 
State. 

Barre,  a  townfliip  in  Huntingdon  co. 
Pep.nfylvania. 

Banc,  a  poft  tov/n  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, has  919  inhabitants,  and  is  about 
15  miles  N  W  of  Newbury,  and  591 
from  Wafliington. 

>  Barren's  So'uJ,  on  the  N  W  Coaft  of 
America,  called  by  the  natives  Comret  hoi 
tm,  is  fituated  about  6  leagues  from  the 
Southern  extremity  of  Wafliington,  or 
Chiirlotte  iflands,  in  a  N  W  direction, 
about  N  lat.  52,  W  Ion.  131  from  Green- 
wich. It  has  two  inlets  ;  oi;e  on  the  E, 
the  other  on  the  W  fide  of  the  illand  ; 
the  latter  is  the  befl:,  the  other  is  danger- 
ous. The  fhores  arc  of  a  craggy  black 
rock  ;  the  banks  lined  with  trees  of  va- 
rious kinds,  as  pines,  fpruce,  hemlock,  al~ 
»ler,  &c.  Mr.  Ilofiiin-s,  in  the  furiimer  of 
1791,  me.'' Aired  one  of  thefe  trees,  which 
-(vas  tsn fathom s'xvi  circumference.  On  one 
iid.'  of  it  a  hole  Ivad  been  cut,  large  enough 


to  idniit  a  man  ;  within  was  a  fpaciotrj 
and  convenient  room,  which  had  appa- 
rently been  dug  and  burnt  out  with  much 
labour.  Mr.  Hofkins  concluded  that  it 
mufl  have  been  occalionally  inhabited  by 
the  natives  ;  as  he  found  in  it  a  box,  fire- 
works, dried  wood,  and  feveral  domeftic 
uteriiils.  Thi?  found  was  named  after 
Jofeph  Barrell,  Efq.  of  Charleflown, 
fMaJf.)2.nd  was  firft  vifitftd  by  Capt.  Gray,- 
in  the  Wafliington,  in  I789. 

Barren  Creek,  rifcs  in  the  N  W  corner 
of  Delaware  ftate,  runs  about  9  miles  S 
weflerlv,  and  empties  into  Nanticoke  R. 

Barren  R.  Both  Big:  and  Little  Barren 
rivers,  are  S  E  branches  of  Green  R.  in 
Kentucky.  Blue  Spring  lies  between  thefe 
rivers,  which  fee. 

Barren  I.  a  fmall  ifle  in  Chefapeak  Bay, 
N  E  from  the  mouth  of  Patuxent  R. 

Barren,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
4784  people,  505  of  whom  are  flaves. 

Barren  Iflands,  at  the  entrance  of  CookV 
river  on  the  N  W  coall  of  America. 

Barnivell,z  Diftri(ft  of  Carollna.contaln- 
ing  7376  inhabitants,  of  whom  1690  are' 
flaves. 

Barreijloivn,\n  Lincoln  CO.  Maine,  hav- 
ing 425  inhabitants. 

Barrinaton,  a  town  in  Queens  co.  Nova 
Scotia,on  the  S  fide  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy  ; 
fettled  by  Quakers  from  Nantucket. 

Barrington,  a  tovv'n  in  Strafford  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  about  30  miles  N  W  from 
Portfmouth,  incorporated  in  172a,  con- 
taining 2773  inhabitants.  AUum  is 
found  here  ;  and  the  firft  ridge  of  the 
Frojl  Hills,  one  of  the  three  inferior  fum- 
mits  of  Agamenticus,  is  continued  through 
this  town,  its  iituation  is  very  healthy  ; 
e.  g.  14  of  the  firfl:  fettlers  inT732,  were 
alive  in  1785,  who  were  between  80  and 
90  years  oid. 

Barrington,  a  tov.'ufhip  irt  Brlftol  co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  on  Warreft  R.  3  miles  N  W 
of  Warren,  and  about  7  S  E  from  Prov- 
idence.    It  contains  650  inhabitants. 

Barr'ngton,  Great,  is  the  fecond  townfliip 
in  rank  in  Berkibire  co.  Maffacluiletts, 
It  contains  1754  inhabitants,  and  hes  140 
miles  W  from  Boflon,  and  fouth  of  Stock- 
bridge,  adjoining. 

Barrn-.v  Harhour,  is  an  extenfive  bay  in 
that  of  Eonavifta,  Newfoundland. 

Burt,  di  ^ovl  on  the  fouthcrn  coaflof 
Nova  Scotia. 

Bart  a  townfliip  in  Lancnfber  co.  I'cnn- 
fylvania. 

'  Barthdometi',  Si.  a  paritli  iii,  CharlePton 
diflria,  S.  Carolina. 

Bartlelnneii-} 


AR 


B  A  T 


-  Barfholofneru,  CapCy  St.  is  the  fouthern- 
mofl  point  of  Staten  Land,  in  Le  Maire 
rtraits,  at  the  S  end  of  S.  America  ;  and 
far  furpafles  Terra  del  Fuego  in  its  hor- 
rible appearance. 

Bartholomeiu,   St.  one  of  the  clufter  of 
iflands,  called  Nezv  Hebrides,  which  fee. 

Bartholomeiv,  St.  one  of  the  Carribbee 
^flands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  a5  miles  N  of 
.St.  Chriftopher's,  and  30  N  E  of  Saba.  It 
is  reckoned  5  leagues  in  circumference, 
but  has  little  ground  fit  for  manuring.  It 
produces  cotton  of  a  good  quality,  and 
fome  tobacco  and  cafTava.  It  carries  on 
a  great  trade,  in  the  diftribution  through 
the  W.  Indies  of  Swedifli  naval  ftores, 
and  provilions,  received  from  the  United 
States.  It  abounds  with  woods.  The 
trees  moll:  in  efleem  are,  i.  The  foap  tree, 
or  aloes  tree.  2.  The  caleback.  3.  The 
canapia,  whofe  gum  is  an  excellent  cathar- 
tic. 4.  The  parotane,  whofe  boughs 
grow  downward,  take  root  again,  and 
form  a  kind  of  bulkwark  and  flrong  de- 
fence in  time  of  attack.  All  along  the 
fliore  are  thoie  trees  called  fea  trees, 
whofe  boughs  are  curioufly  plaited  to- 
gether, and  look  as  if  they  were  glazed. 
Here  is  an  infinite  variety  of  birds,  and  a 
peculiar  kind  of  hnieflone,  which  the 
inhabitants  export  to  the  adjacent  illands. 
They  have  likewife  plenty  of  lignum  vitce 
and  iron  wood.  Its  fliores  are  dangerous, 
and  the  approaching  them  requires  a  good 
pilot ;  but  it  has  an  excellent  harbour,  in 
which  fliips  of  any  fize  are  flieltered 
from  all  winds.  Half  its  inhabitants  are 
Irifh  Roman  Catholics,  whofe  predecef- 
fors  fettled  here  in  1666;  the  others  are 
French,  to  whom  the  ifland  lately  belong- 
ed. It  was  ceded  by  France  to  the  crown 
of  Sweden  in  1785.  They  depend  on  the 
ikies  for  water,  which  they  keep  in  cif- 
terns,  there  being  no  fprings  in  the  iliand. 
It  was  a  nefl:  for  privateers  when  in  the 
hands  of  the  French  ;  and  at  one  time 
had  50  Britifli  prizes  in  its  harbour.  It 
has  been  increafmg  in  improvements  ever 
fmce  it  came  into  the  liandsof  the  Sv/edes, 
During  the  late  war  betVv'ecn  France  and 
England,  it  had  a  great  acceilion  of  ixi- 
habitaints,  of  different  nations,  from  the 
other  iflandr,,  who  have  transferred  their 
property  here,  built  handfome  houfcs, 
and  extended  the  commerce  of  the  ifland. 
N  lat.  17  56,  W  Ion.  63  10. 

Bartlct,  A  plantation  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  having  548  inhabitants. 

Barton,  a  townlliip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont, formerly  in  that  of  Orange,  ligs  S 
;|roL,  I.  E 


I  W  of  Brownington  ;  6  miles  S  W  by  VS 
j  from  Willoughby  Lake,  and  140  N  eafl- 
j  erly  from  Bennington. 

.  Barton,  a  townfliip  in  Upper  Canada, 
I  Lincoln  co.  W  of  Saitfleet,  on  Burlington 
I   Bay. 

Bafin  of  Minas,  is  a  body  of  water  of 
coniiderable  extent,  and  irregular  form, 
fituated  in  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  E  end  of 
the  Bay  of  Fiindy;  and  connected  with 
its  N  E  branch  by  a  lliort  and  narrow 
ftrait.  The  country  on  its  banks  is  gen- 
erally a  rich  foil,  and  is  watered  by  many 
fmall  rivers.  The  fpring  tides  rife  here 
40  feet. 

Bajkenridgc,  a  poft  town  in  Somerfet  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  the  W  fide  of  a  N  W  branch 
of  PafTaic  R.  nearly  6  miles  N  E  froiti 
Pluckemin,  and  7  S  S  W  from  Morrif- 
town.  It  was  here  that  Col.  Harcourt 
furprifed  and  made  a  prifoner  cf  Gen. 
Lee,  Dec.  13, 1776. 

Bafon  Harbour,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of 
Lake  Champlain,  in  the  townfliip  of  Fer- 
rifburgh,  Vermont,  /\.\  miles  S  wefterly 
from  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek.  A  poft 
office  is  kept  here,  524  miles  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

Bajfe  Terre,  the  chief  town  in  the  ifland 
of  St.  Chriflopher's,  in  the  W.  Itidies,  fitu- 
ated at  the  S  E  end  of  the  I.  It  confifis 
of  a  long  ilreet  along  the  fea  fliore  ;  is  a 
place  of  confiderable  trade,  the  feat  of 
governm^ent,  and  is  defended  by  3  bat- 
teries. N  lat.  17  24,  Wlon.  62  -^d  56.  This 
is  alio  the  name  of  a  part  of  the  I.  of  Gua- 
daloupe,  in  the  W.  Indies ;  between  a 
point  of  which  called  Groffe  Morne,  to 
that  of  Antigua  in  the  Grande  Terre,  the 
bafon  called  the  Great  Cul  de  Sac,  is  5  or 
6  leagues  in  length  ;  wherein  is  fafe  riding 
for  fliips  of  aU  rates. 

Bass  Harbour,  Maine,  a  harbour  of  Mt- 
Defert  Ifland,  7  miles  from  Soil  Cove. 

Bajiimentos,  fmall  iflands,  near  the  Ifth- 
mus  of  Darien,  and  fomev/hat  W  of  the 
Samballoes  iflands,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
bay  of  Nombre  de  Dios,  very  near  the 
fliore.  Here  admiral  Hofier  lay  with  a 
Eritifli  fquadron  many  years  ago,  when 
having  loft  many  of  his  men,  and  his  fliips 
being  almoft  rotten,  in  an  inactive  ftate, 
he  died  cf  a  broken  heart.  N  lat.  9  30,  W 
Ion.  79  45. 

Batabano,  a  tcwn  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  fituated 
on  the  fide  of  a  large  bay,  oppofite  Pinos 
ifles,  and  about  50  miles  S  W  from  the 
Havannah. 

Batavia^  a  fettlemect  in  N.  York,  at  the 

head 


BAT 


BAY 


head  of  Schoharie  Creek,  Irl  the  townfliip 
of  Freehold,  between  20  and  30  miles  W 
of  Catfkill.     A  poft  oihcc  is  kept  here. 

Bath,  a  poft  town  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
containing  111$  inhabitants.  It  lies  on 
the  W  lide  of  Kennebeck  R.  about  13 
miles  from  Wifcaflet,  60  N  E  from  Port- 
land, 28  from  Hallowell.     N  lat.  43  49. 

Bath,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  about  60  miles 
in  length,  and  50  in  breadth  ;  bounded 
£  by  the  co.  of  Augufta.  It  contains 
4847  free  inhabitants,  and  661  Haves.  It  is 
noted  for  its  medicinal  fprings,  called  the 
Hot  and  Warm  fprings,  near  the  foot  of 
Jacklbn's  Mountain.  See  Virghua.  Here 
is  a  poll  ofhce  227  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Bath,  a  thrivii-ig  town  in  Berkley  co. 
Virginia,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  the  Warm 
Spring  Mountain.  The  fprings  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  this  town,  although  lefs 
efficacious  than  the  Warm  Springs  in  Bath 
CO.  draw  up'vvards  of  1000  people  here, 
during  fummer,  from  various  parts  of 
the  United  States.  The  water  is  little 
more  than  milk  warm,  and  weakly  im- 
pregnated with  minerals.  The  country 
in  the  environs  is  agreeably  diveriified 
with  liills  and  valleys  ;  the  foil  rich,  and 
in  good  cultivation  ;  25  miles  from  Mar- 
tinflSurg,  and  269  miles  S  W  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

Bath,  a  pofl  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  has  825  inhabitants,  on  the  E 
bank  of  Connecticut  R.  ■^$  miles  N  E  by 
Nfrom  Dartmouth  College,  and  97  N  W 
from  Portfmouth. 

Bath,  or  Port  Baihy  a  pofl  town  in  Hyde 
CO.  N  Carolina,  on  the  N  fide  of  Tar  R. 
about  24  miles  from  Pamphco  Sound,  61 S 
by  WofEdenton,and  is  the  port  of  entry 
on  Tar  R.  It  contains  about  12  houfes, 
and  is  rather  declining.  N  lat.  ;iS  31,  W 
Ion.  77  15. 

Bath,  a  village  in  the  eaftern  parifli  of 
St.  Thomas,  in  the  I.  of  Jamaica,  in  the  W. 
Indies.  It  has  its  rife  and  name  from  a 
famous  hot  fpring  in  its  vicinity,  laid  to  be 
highly  efficacious  in  curing  the  dry  belly- 
ache. The  water  is  fulphureous,  and 
flows  out  of  a  rocky  mountain  about  a 
mile  diftant,  and  is  too  hot  to  admit  a  hand 
being  held  in  it. 

Bath,  a.  village  in  the  co.  of  RenfTalaer, 
N.  York,  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  eafl 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  nearly  oppofite  the 
city  of  Albany,  at  the  head  of  Hoop  navi- 
gation. A  mineral  fpring  has  been  difcov- 
eredhere,faidto  poflefs  valuable  qualities  ; 
and  a  commodious  bathing  houfe  has  been 


creeled,  at  a  confiderable  expenfc;  coa- 
taining  hot,  cold,  and  fliower  baths. 

Bath,  a  thriving  poft  town  in  N.  York, 
Steuben  co.and  has  453  Inhabitants,on  the 
N  bank  of  ConhocSlon  Creek,  a  northern 
headwater  of  Tioga  R.  42  miles  S  E  from 
WiUiamfburg,  on  Genefle  R,  18  N  W 
from  the  Painted  Poft ;  120  from  Niagara; 
59  weflerly  from  Geneva,  and  221  Wo!' 
Hudfon  city.     N  lat.  42  15,  W  Ion.  77  10. 

Batten  Kill,  a  fmall  river  which  rifes  in 
Vermont,  and  after  running  N  and  N  weft- 
erly  about  30  miles,  falls  into  Hudfon,  op- 
pofite Saratoga. 

Buttle  R.  in  New  South  Wales,  runs  N  E 
into  SafkahawenR.  S  E  from  Manchefter 
Houfe.     Its  courfe  Is  fhort. 

Battldoivn  a  pofl  town  in  Frederick  co» 
Virginia,  79  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Baxos  De  Bahuca.     See  Abrojos. 

Bay  of  Frejb  Water,  in  the  N  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  lies  S.  of  Afcenfion  Bay. 
N  lat.  30,  W  Ion.  93. 

Bayamo,  a  town  in  the  eaftern  part  of 
the  liland  of  Cuba,  having  the  town  of 
Almo  W,  and  St.  Barbara  on  the  S.  It  lies 
on  the  E  fide  of  Eftero  R.  about  20  miles 
from  the  fea. 

Bayamo  Channel  del,  in  the  ifland  of  Cuba, 
runs  between  the  numerous  fmall  iflands 
and  rocks  called  Jardin  de  la  Reyna,  on 
the  N  W,  and  the  flaoals  and  rocks 
which  line  the  coaft  on  the  S  E  fide  of  it, 
from  the  bold  point  called  Cabo  de  Cruz- 
This  channel  leads  to  tJie  bay  of  Eftero, 
which  receives  two  rivers  ;  the  fouthern- 
moft  of  whichleads  to  the  town  of  Bayamo. 

Bay  ofPt/nc/y,-wa.{hes  the  fliores  of  the 
Britifli  provinces  of  New  Brunfv/ick  on 
the  N,  and  Nova  Scotia  on  the  E  and  S. 
This  bay  is  12  leagues  acrofs,  from  the  Gut 
of  Annapolis  to  St.  John  V  The  tides  are 
very  rapid  in  this,  bay,  and  rife  at  Annap- 
olis Bafin  about  30  feet ;  at  the  Bafin  of 
Minas,  which  may  be  termed  the  N  arm 
of  this  bay,  40  feet ;  and  at  the  head  of 
Chigne<£to  Channel,  an  arm  of  this  bay, 
the  fpring  tides  rife  60  feet. 

Bay  de  Roche  Fcnde,  or  Northivcjl  Bay,  lies 
on  the  W  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  la 
miles  N  of  Crown  Point. 

Bay  of  Jflands,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of 
Newfoundland  I.  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence. This  bay  is  very  extenfive,  hav- 
ing 3  arms,  by  which  feveral  rivers  empty 
into  it.  It  has  feveral  Iflands  ;  the  chief 
of  which  are  called  Harbour,  Pearl,  and 
Tweed.  The  centre  of  the  bay  lies  in 
about  49  5  N  lat.  and  j8  15  W  Ion.  from 
GreenwicK 


BEA 


BEA 


Bay  of  St.  Louis,  on  the  Labrador  coafl, 
has  Cape  St.  Louis  on  the  N,  and  Cape 
Charles  on  the  S.  It  has  many  fmall 
iflands  ;  the  largefl:  of  which  is  Battle  I.  in 
the  mouth  of  the  bay.  The  middle  of  the 
bay  hes  in  N  lat.  5  a  23,  W  Ion.  <;s  2.3. 

Baynct,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  S  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  4^  leagues  from 
Petit  Goave,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland. 
It  is  about  8  leagues  W  of  Jackmel.  N 
lat.  1817. 

Beach  Forky  a  branch  of  Salt  R.  which 
rifes  in  Nelfon  co.  Kentucky.  A  fine  clay 
is  found  on  this  river,  which  might,  it  is 
thought,  be  manufa(5lured  into  good  por- 
celain. 

Btal/hiirg,  a  fmall  town  in  Nelfon  co. 
Kentucky,  on  the  E  bank  of  Rolling  Fork, 
which  contains  20  houfes,  as  alfo  a  tobac- 
co warehoufe.  It  is  15  miles  W  S  W  of 
Bairdftown,  50  S  W  of  Frankfort.  N  lat. 
37  42,  W  Ion.  85  50. 

-  Bear  Creek,  in  TennelTee,  rifcs  among 
the  head  waters  of  Tombigby,  runs  north- 
eily  45  miles,  and  empties  into  the  Ten- 
neifee  in  lat.  34  46.  12  miles  below  the 
Chickefaw  fhoals  ;  it  is  afcended  by  boats 
25  miles.     See  Occochappo. 

Bedrdjioivn.      See  Bairdjloivn. 

Bear  Cove,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of  the  S 
eaftern  corner  of  Newfoundland  I.  at  the 
head  of  which  is  the  fettlement  of  Formofe, 
which  fee.  Rcneau's  rocks  lie  between 
Bear  Cove  and  Frefli  water  Bay  on  the 
S,  32  miles  northerly  from  Cape  Race. 

Bear  Grafs  Creek,  a  fmall  creek  on  the 
eaftern  fide  of  Ohio  R.  a  few  hundred 
yards  N  of  the  town  of  Louifville,  in  Ken- 
tucky. This  is  the  fpot  where  the  intend- 
ed canal  is  propofed  to  be  cut  to  the  up- 
per fide  of  the  Rapids.  From  the  mouth 
of  the  creekjto  the  upper  fide  of  therapids, 
is  not  quite  2  miles.  This  would  render 
the  navigation  of  the  Ohio  fafe  and  eafy. 
The  country  on  the  fides  of  this  creek,  be- 
tween Salt  R.  and  Kentucky  R.  is  beau- 
tiful and  rich.     See  Rapids  of  the  Ohio. 

Bear  Lake,  Great,  in  the  N  W  part  of 
N.  America,  lies  near  the  Arctic  Circle, 
and  fends  a  river  a  W  S  W  courfe. 

Bear  Lake,  Black,  in  New  South  Wales, 
lies  in  N  lat.  szh  W  Ion.  107^.  It  lies  N 
W  from  Cumberland  Houfe. 

Bear  Lake,JVhite,\iesdL\xe'W ivom.  another 
fmall  lake  called  Bear  Lake,  both  in  Nlat. 
48  15,  and  the  W  Ion.  of  the  former  is  98-^-. 
Thefe  are  faid  to  give  rife  to  MifTifippi  R. 

Bear  Town,  in  Caroline  coi  Maryland, 
lies  about  7  miles  N  from  Greenfburg, 
and  about  15  S  E  from  Cheftertowa.. 


Beaufort,  a  CO.  of  Newbcrn  diftrid,  K. 
Carolina.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Tyrrel,  E 
by  Hyde,  S  by  Craven,  W  by  Glalcow.  It 
contains  5541  inhabitants,  of  whom  1674 
are  flaves.     Chief  town  Wafliingion. 

Beatfori,  a  fcaport  tov;n  in  Carteret  co. 
on  the  N  E  fide  of  Core  Sound,  and  dif- 
tri(fl  of  Newbern,  N.  Carolina.  It  con- 
tains 43  7  inhabitants,  a  court  houfe  and 
gaol,  and  the  co.  courts  are  held  here  ;  S5 
miles  S  by  E  of  Newbern,  and  about  27 
from  Cape  Lookout.     N  lat.  3447. 

Beavfort,  the  chief  town  of  Beaufort  dif^- 
tridt,  8.  Carolina,  is  fituated  on  the  ifiand 
of  Port  Royal,  at  the  mouth  of  Coofa- 
whatchie  R.  It  is  a  little  pleafant  town, 
of  1  or  2CO  houfes,  an  Epifcopal  and  Bap-y 
tift  church,  4  fchool  houfes,  and  700  in- 
habitants, who  are  diftinguiHied  for  tlicir 
hofpitality  and  politenefs.  It  has  a  fine 
harbour,  and  bids  fair  to  become  a  con- 
fiderable  town.  It  was  formerly  a  flation 
for  the  Britifli  fquadron.  Beaufort  is  26 
miles  from Purifourg,  and  73fromCharlef- 
ton,  to  the  S  W,  noted  for  its  healthy  fit- 
uation.     N  lat.  32  26,  W  Ion.  80  f,$. 

Beaufort  DifriSi,  in  the  Icwcr  country 
of  S.  Carolina,  lies  on  the  fea  coaft,  be- 
tween Combahee  and  Savannah  rivers. 
It  is  69  miles  in  length,  and  37  in  breadth, 
and  is  divided  into  4  pari  flies,  viz.  St. 
Helena,  St.  Luke,  Prince  William,  and  St. 
Peter,  which  contain  20,428  inhabitants  ; 
of  whom  only  4397  are  whites.  Human- 
ity trembles  at  the  inevitable  confcquen- 
ces.  The  northern  part  of  this  diftrici 
abounds  with  large  forcfts  of  cyprefs  ;  the 
lands,  however,  are  fit  for  raifing  rice, 
indigo,  &c.  It  fends  12  reprefentatives 
and  4  fenators  to  the  flate  legiflature  ; 
each  parifli  fending  an  equal  number. 
Amount  of  taxes  ;(^3,022-2-ii  Iter. 

Beaver,  a  CO.  in  Pennfylvania,  containing 
5776  inhabitants. 

Beaver  Creek,  runs  into  Lake  Erie,  at  it* 
E  end ;  about  7  miles  S  E  from  Fort  Erie. 

Beaver  Creek,  Big,  falls  into  the  Allegha- 
ny river,  after  receiving  feveral  branches 
from  the  N  E  about  28  miles  N  W  from 
Pittfburg. 

Beaver  Dam,3.  townfliipin  Northumber- 
land co.in  Pennfylvania,  W  of  Sufquehan- 
nahR.  about  50  miles NWofHarrifburgh. 

Becver,  a  co^  of  Pennfylvania,  bounded 
N  by  Butler  and  S  by  Wafliington.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Alleghany  river  and  Bea- 
ver Creek,  and  contains  330,640  acres,  6 
town(hips,  and  5776  inhabitants. 

Beaverto-wn,  a  poft  town,  capital  of  the 
above  CO.  248  miles  from  Walliingtcn. 

Beavey 


BED 


BEH 


Beave)'  Kill,  is  a  S  E  arm  of  the  Fopach- 
ton  Branch  of  the  Delaware. 

Beaver  Lake,  in  New  South  Wales,  lies 
in  about  52  45  N  lat.  and  loi  30  W  Ion. 
A  little  ISI E  from  it  is  the  fource  of  Chur- 
chill R.  S  Efrom  it  is  Cumberland  Houfe, 
on  Grafs  R  which  has  communication  by- 
lakes  With  Nelfon  R.  S  W  of  it  i^  Safkaf- 
hawen  R.  on  which,  towards  its  head,  are 
a  number  of  houfes  belonging  to  the  Hud- 
fon*s  Bay  Company. 

Bea'uers  Totvn,  at  Tujhara'zvasy  lies  be- 
tween Margaret's  Creek,  an  upper  N  W 
branch  of  Mufkingum  R.and  the  Nbranch 
of  that  river  ;  at  the  head  of  which  N 
branch  there  ia  only  a  mile's  portage  to 
Cavahoga  R. '  Beavers  Town  lies  about 
S5 'miles  N"W  from  Pittfhurg.  A  little 
below  this  a  fort  was  eredled  in  1764. 
■-  'Bftief;  a  tOwnfhip  in  Berkfhire  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  cdiitainihg  930  inhabitants.  It 
IS  lo'iiirreri?  of  Stockbndge,  17  from 
JLenoXj^and  130  W  from  Bofton. 
•  Bsdc  Point,  is  the  eaflern  cape  at  the 
inouth  of  Cook'5  R.  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America;  " 

Bedford,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough  co. 
N.  Hamipfhire,  en  the  W  bank  of  Merri- 
mack R.  56  miles  W  of  Portfmouth,  34  S 
of  Concord. 

Bedford,  a  townfliip  in  Middlefex  co. 
MuffachnfettSjContaining  5 3 8  inhabitants ; 
1 6' miles  N  W  of  Bofton. 

Bedford,  Netv,  is  a  flourifhihg  town  in 
BriiTol  CO.  MafTachufetts,  58  miles  fouth- 
\yard  of  Bofton.  It  lies  at  the  head  of 
navigation  on  Acculhnet  R.  Lat.  40  41, 
N,  Ion.  70  fz  W,  from  Greenwich,  •  and 
has  4361  inhabitants.  

Bedford,  a  port  town  in  W.  Chefter  co. 
N.  York,  containing  12404  inhabitants.  It 
lies  contiguous  to  Connedlicut,  ra  miles  N 
of  Stamford,  and  35  N  E  of  the  city  of 
N.  York.     Here  Governor  Jay  refides. 

Bedford  Co.  in  Pen  nfy Ivan  ia,  lies  on  Ju- 
niatta  R.  has  part  of  theftateof  Mary- 
land on  the  S,  and  Himtingdon  co.  N  and 
N  F.  It  contains  12,039  inhabitants,  and 
is  divided  into  li  townfliips.  Its  princi- 
pal m.ountains  are  Wills,  Evits,  Warrior's, 
and  Dunnjng's.  The  chief  waters  are 
Bayftow^n,  Willa  and  Licking  creek.  The 
vallies  are  rich,  extenfive  and  well  culti- 
vated. Limeftone  and  iron  ore  abound  i 
in  many  places. 

Bedford,  a  poft  towH  in  the  above  co. 
lies  on  the  S  fide  of  the  Rayftown  branch 
of  the  Juniatta,  25  miles  eaftward  of 
Berhn,  and  210  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
regularly  laid  out  ;  water  is  conveyed  in 


wooden  pipes  to  a  refervoir  in  the  mijj- 
dle  of  the  town.  They  have  a  ftone 
gaol;  the  market  houfe,  court  houfe; and 
record  oflice,  are  built  of  brick.  Bedford 
was  incorporated  in  1795,  and  their  char- 
ter is  fimilar  to  that  of  Chefter.  N  lat. 
4O;  W  Ion.  78  50. 

Bedford  Co.  m.  Virginia,  is  Separated  from, 
that  of  Amherft  on  the  N  by  James  R.  has 
Campbell  E, Botetourt  W,arid  Franklin  co. 
S.It  is  34  mileslong,  25  broadband  contains 
10,028  free  inhabitants,  and  4097  ilaves. 
It  has  a  good  foil  and  is  agreeably  diverfi-v 
lied  with  hills  and  vallies.  In  fome  parts- 
chalk  and  gypfum  have  been  difcovered. 
Chief  town  Liberty. 

Bedford,  a  village  on  the  Georgia  fide  of 
Savanna  river,  4  miles  above  Augufta. 

Bedtninfer,  a  town  in  Somerfet  CO.  N; 
Jerfey,  about  20  miles  N  W  of  New 
Brunfwlck,  and  the  fame  diftance  S  W  of 
Morriftown. 

Beef  If  and,  one  of  the  fraaller  Virgin  ifl- 
ands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  lituated  between 
Dog  I,  on  the  W  and  Tortula  on  the  E; 
It  is  about  5  miles  long  and  i  broad,  in 
Sir  Francis  Drake's  Bay.  N  lat.  18  23, 
W  Ion.  ()'^  2. 

Beekman,  a  confiderable  townfliip  in 
Duchefs  CO.  N.  York,  E  of  Poughkeepfie. 

Behrirgs  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
America,  S  of  Admiralty  Bay. 

Behrwgs  Straits,  feparate  Alia  from 
America,  and  are  fo  called  from  the  Ruf- 
fian navigator,  Capt.  Behring,  who,  with 
IdiirikGw,  failed  from  Kamptfchatka,  in 
Siberia,  on  the  Afiatic  coaft,  in  queft  of 
the  New  World,  in  a  quarter  v/here  it 
had,  perhaps,  never  been  approached. 
They  both  difcovered  land  within  a  few 
degrees  of  the  N  W  coaft  of  America. 
But  the  more  recent  difcoveries  of  Capt. 
Cook,  and  his  fucceiTor,  Clarke,  have  con- 
firmed the  near  approximation  of  th« 
two  continents.  Cape  Prince  of  Wales 
is  the  moft  wefterly  poiiit  of  the  Ameri- 
can continent,  hitherto  known.  It  is  fit- 
uated  in  N  lat.  65  46,  E  Ion.  191  45,  and 
is  39  miles  diftant  from  the  eaftern  coaft 
of  Afia.  The  fea,  from  the  S  of  Behring'* 
Straits,  to  the  crcfcent  of  ifles  between 
Afia  and  America,  is  very  fhallow.  It 
deepens  from  thefe  ftraits  (as  the  Britlfli 
fcas  do  from  Dover)  till  foundings  are 
loft  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  ;  but  that  does 
not  take  place  but  to  the  S  of  the  iflcs. 
Between  them  and  the  ftraits  is  an  in- 
creafe  from  12  to  54  fathoms,  except  on^ 
ly  oft"  St.  Thaddeus  Nofs,  where  there  ia 
a  channel  of  greater  depth.  From  the 
volcaiuc 


B  E  L 


BEN 


Tolcantd  difpdfition,  it  has  been  judged 
probable,  not  only  that  there  was  -i  repa- 
ration of  the  continents  at  thcfe  ftraits, 
but  that  the  whole  fpace  from  the  ifles  to 
that  fmall  opening  had  once  been  dry 
land ;  and  that  the  fury  of  the  watery 
clement,  adluated  by  that  of  fire,  had,  in 
very  remote  times,  fubverted  and  over- 
whelmed the  tradt,  and  left  the  iflands  to 
ferve  as  monumental  fragments.  The  fa- 
m^ous  Japanefe  map  places  feme  i Hands 
fccmingiy  within  thefe  ftraits,on  whichis 
beftowed  the  title  of  Ta  Zue,ox  the  kingdom 
cf  the  dwarfs.  This  gives  fome  reafon  to 
fnppoie  that  America  was  not  unknown  to 
the  Japanefe  ;  and  that  they  had,  as  is 
mentioned  by  Kasmpfer,  and  Charlevoix, 
mad-e  voyages  of  difcovery  ;  and,  accord- 
ing to  the  lafl:,  adlually  wintered  upon 
the  continent,  where  probably  meeting 
with  the  Efquimanx,  they  might,  in  con>- 
parifon  of  themfelves,  and  iufUy,  diftin- 
guifli  them  by  the  nanie  of  dwarfs. 

Beiia,  or  Beeoiiya,  or  Boqiiio,  a  fmall 
Britifli  ifland  among  the  Granadiilas  ;  SS 
miles  N  E  of  Granada,  and  65  leagues 
from  Barbadoes.  It  was  called  I.itlle 
Martinico  by  the  French,  and  has  a  fafc 
harbour  from  all  winds  ;  but  no  frefh  v.*a- 
ter.  It  is  only  frequented  by  thofe  who 
catch  turtle.  The  foil  produces  wild 
cotton,  and  plenty  of  water  melons. 

jBelair.  See  Bellaire. 

Belcher,  a  poft  town  in  Ham.pflilre  co. 
Maflachufetts,  containing  1878  inhabit- 
ants ;  13  miles  E  of  Hadley,and  8j  Wof 
Bofton. 

Belezi  a  city  of  New  Grenada,  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America. 

Belfafl,  a  poft  town  and  bay  in  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  both  iituated  in  what  is  called 
the  Waldo  Patent,  at  the  mouth  of  Penob- 
fcot  R.  and  on  its  weftern  fide ;  38  miles 
N  Eby  E  from  Hallowell,  and  728  from 
Wafliington.  The  Bay,  on  the  N  weftern 
part  of  which  the  town  ftands,  runs  up 
into  the  land  by  3  fliort  arms,  iftef- 
borough  I.  lies  in  the  middle  of  if  and 
forms  two  channels  leading  to  the  mouth 
of  Penobfcot  R. 

Belfont,  a  poft  town  in  Centre  co.  Penn- 
I'ylvania,  259  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Belgrade,  a  townftiip  in  Kennebec  co. 
Maine,  12  miies  N  W  of  Hallowell.  It 
has  295  inhabitants. 

Belha-vcn,  the  former  name  of  Alexan- 
dria, in  Virginia. 

Bell  JJle,  an  ifland  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
northern  part  of  Newfoundland  I.  E  of 
Canada  head  ;  between  50  42  and  J050, 


N  lat.  nnd  between  W  Ion.  S5  39  and  $$ 
46. 

Bellaier,  or  Belair,  a  poft  town  Har- 
ford CO.  Maryland,  and  the  chief  of  the 
county.  It  contains  a  court  hou fc,  gaol, 
andMethodift  meeting  houfe,  and  is  thin- 
ly inhabited  ;  6  miles  N  W  of  Harford  ; 
22  N  E  from  Baltimore,  86  W  S  W  from' 
Philadelphia. 

Belle  Dune,  La,  or  Handfomc  doivn,  a  long, 
projetlling,  barren  point,  on  the  foutheni 
fide  of  Clialeur  Bay,  about  8  leagues  NN 
W  of  Nipifighit,  where  temporary  cod 
and  herring  fifl-ieries  are  carried  on  by 
diflerent  people;  there  being  no  eftab- 
liilied  tradei  at  the  place. 

Belle  IJle,  an  ifland  at  the  mouth  of  the 
ftraitsofthis  name,  between  the  country 
of  the  Efquimaux,  or  New  Britain,  and 
the  N  end  of  Newfoundland  I.  which 
ftraits  lead  into  the  gulf  of  St.  LaM'rence 
from  the  N  E.  The  ifland  is  about  7 
leagues  in  circumference  ;  and  lies  16 
miles  from  the  neareft  land  on  the  coaft 
of  I^abrador,  or  New  Britain.  On  the 
N  W  fide  it  has  a  harbour  for  fi filing  vef- 
feis,or  fmall  craft  ;  and  on  the  E  point  it 
has  a  cove  which  will  admit  fliallops.  Lat. 
51  55  N,  Ion.  55  30  W. 

Bellgrove,  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jcrfey,  on 
the  road  to  Albany,  3  miles  northerly 
from  Brabant,  and  24  N  by  W  from  N. 
York  city. 

Bellinghamy  a  towh  in  Norfolk  co.  MafTa-. 
chufetts,  containing  704  inhabitants  ;  20 
miles  northerly  from  Providence,  and  34 
S  W  from  Bofton. 

Bells  Mill,  a  fettlement  in  N.  Carolina, 
near  the  Moravian  fettlements,  about  jo 
miles  Wof  Hillfoorough. 

Belpre,  a  poft  town  on  the  N  W  bank  of 
Ohio  R.  between  the  Hockhocking  and 
Mufkingum  Rs.  and  oppofite  the  mouth 
of  the  Little  Kunhaway;  about  14  miles 
below  Marietta. 

Belk'!lle,-A  poft  town  inMifRin  co.Fenn- 
fylvania,  190  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Bel-videre,  a  townftiip  in  Frankjirf^cB. 
Vermont.  Alfo  a  poft  town  in  N.  [erfey, 
Suftcx  CO.  on  Delaware  R.  at  the  mouth 
of  Pequeft  R.  and  11  miles  above  Eafton. 

Benediil,  a  poft  town  in  Charles  co. Ma- 
ryland,on  Patuxent  R.  oppofite Mackall's 
Ferry  ;  W  from  Port  lobacco  16  iriiles, 
47  E  from  Wafliington. 

Bennhigion,  a  county  in  the  S  W  corner 
of  Vermont,  divided  into  16  townfliips, 
of  which  Bennington  and  Manchefterare 
the  chief.  It  has  14,616  inhabitants,  all 
fKC     T^ic  mountains  here  furnifti  iron 

pre 


BER. 


BER 


•re  in  abundance,  and  employ  already,  a 
furnace  and  two  forges. 

Bennington,  a  pleafant  pnfl:  town  and 
capital  of  the  above  co.  and  the  largeft  in 
the  flate,  having  about  150  houfcs,inand 
near  the  compact  part  of  the  town  ;  34 
miles  N  E  from  Albany  ;  55  miles  S  from 
Rutland  ;  and  300  from  Philadelphia.  N 
lat.  42  42,  W  Ion.  74  10.  Bennington  has 
feveral  handfome  buildings.  Its  public 
edifices  are  a  congregational  church  go- 
ing to  decay,  a  ftate  houfe  and  gaol.  It 
is  the  oldeft  town  in  the  ftate,  having 
been  firfl:  fettled  in  1  764,  and  is  liouriib- 
ing,  containing  2283  Inhabitants.  Mount 
Anthony  rifes  very  high,  in  a  conical 
form,  in  the  fouthern  part  of  the  town. 
The  houfes  are  on  a  rich  tract  of  land  ex- 
tending from  the  foot  of  this  mountain 
northward.  On  the  E  fide  of  this  moun- 
tain is  a  remarkable  cavern  confifting  of 
feveral  apartments  from  5  to  50  feet  in 
height,  the  whole  extending  about  45 
yards  horizontally.  Two  famous  battles 
"were  fought  4or5  miles  W  of  this  town 
in  one  day,  Aug.  16, 1777,  in  which  Gen. 
Stark  gained  great  fame  for  his  cool  val- 
our. The  Britifli  loft  4  brafs  field  pieces, 
and  other  military  ftores  ;  and  befidc 
thofe  ftain,  700  were  taken  prifoners. 
The  killed  and  wounded  of  the  Americans 
•were  about  100  men.  This  defeat  con- 
tributed, in  a  great  meafure,  to  thcfubfe- 
quent  furrender  of  Gen.  Burgoyne's  army. 
B<-nfon,  a  poft  town  in  Rutland  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  E  fide  of  Lake  Champlain  ; 
57  miles  N  N  W  of  Bennington.  It  has 
1159  inhabitants. 

Bent  Crcei,  a  poft  town  In  Buckingham 
CO.  Virginia,  243  miles  from  Wafhington. 
Bfrabzan,  is  a  long  lake  in  New  North 
"SValcSjWhich  with  the  waters  of  Shechary 
3L.ake,  form  Seal  R.  which  empties  into 
Hudfon's  Bay  at  Churchill  Fort.  The  N 
end  of  Berabzan,  is  in  about  60  30  N  lat,. 
and  in  93  50  W  Ion. 

Berbice,  a  Putch  fettlemcut  on  a  river 
of  tt»e  fame  name,  in  Surinam ,\\Y\c)x  fee 

Berbice,  or  Berbeu^  a  river  in  Surinam, 
or  Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.  America,  which  is 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  broad,  and  two  fath- 
oms deep  Ht  its  mouth,  in  N  lat.  6  30. 
The  land  on  both  fides  is  low  and  woody, 
has  plenty  of  logwood  and  cotton. 

Btrgen  Co.  in  N-  Jerfev,  on  the  W  bank 
of  Hudfon  R.  oppofitc  N.  York,  and  was 
firft  planted  by  the  Dutch,  from  that  city. 
It  contains  6  townfliips,  of  which  the 
chief  are  Bergen  and  Hackenfack,  and 
:^3,i56  inhabitants.     Here  are   7  Dutch 


Calvinift  churches,  and  2  of  Dutch  Lu* 
therans.  There  is  a  copper  mine  in  this 
CO.  which,  when  worked  by  the  Schuyler 
family,  (to  whom  it  belonged)  was  con- 
fidcrably  producflive  ;  but  it  has  been  neg- 
ledled  for  many  years.  It  is  a  mountain- 
ous, rough,  and  billy  county,  30  miles 
long,  and  25  broad.  It  forms  part  of 
the  E  and  northern  end  of  the  ftate  ;  and 
its  N  W  extremity  m^eets  the  N  E  part  of 
SulTex  CO.  io  that  thcfe  two  counties  em- 
bofom  Morris  and  EfTex  counties,  except 
on  the  S  W,  and  extend  from  Hudfon  to 
Delaware  river  along  the  whole  northern 
line  of  the  ftate. 

Bergen,  the  faire  town  of  the  above  co. 
is  furrounded  by  v.ater,  except  on  the  N  ; 
the  river  Jiudibn  feparates  it  from  New 
York  city,  3  miles  diftant ;  on  the  S  a 
narrow  channel  lits  between  it  and  Staten 
I.  and  on  the  W  it  has  Hackenfack  R. 
The  inhabitants  are  moftly  defcendants 
from  the  Dutch  fettltrs, 

Bergen  Neck,  is  the  Ibutheru  extremity 
of  the  above  townfliip. 

Berkhenijlead.      See  Barkhemjiead. 
Berkley,  a  townfliip  in  Briftol  co.  Maffa- 
chufctts,  containing  1013  inhabitants  ;  40 
miles  fouthward  of  Bofton. 

Berkley,  the  name  both  of  a  county  and: 
town,  in  Charlefton  Diftrid:,  S.  Carolina, 
near  Cooper  and  Aftiley  Rivers. 

Berkley  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  W  of  the 
Blue  Pvidge,  N  of  Frederic  co.  and  fepar- 
ated  from  the  ftate  of  Maryland,  on  the 
N  and  E  by  Patov/mac  R.  This  fertile 
county,  about  40  miles  long  and  20  broad,, 
has  14,894  free  inhabitants,  and  3679 
(laves,  Martinfijurg  is  irs  chief  town.  A 
poft  office  is  kept  at  Berkley  S/}rings,in  this 
CO.  104  miles  fionr  Wafliington. 

Berkley's  Sound,  on  the  N  W  COaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Quad- 
ras Ifles.  The  land  on  its  eaftern  fide  is 
oppofite  Cape  Fhttery,  and  forms  the  N 
fide  of  the  Straits  de  Fuca. 

Bgri's  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  has  North-^ 
ampton  co.  on  the  N  E  ;  Northumberland 
on  the  N  W  ;  part  of  Luzerne  on  the  N  ;- 
Dauphin  and  Lancafter  counties  S  W ;, 
andChefter  and  Montgomery  S  E.  It  is- 
watered  by  Schuylkill  R.  and  is.  ^^  miles 
long,  and  near  29  broad,  containing 
1,030,400  acres.  Here  iron  ore  and  coal 
are  found  in  plenty,  Mhich  fupply  feveral 
iron  works.  The  northern  parts  are 
rough  and  hilly v  Berks  contains  3^^,407 
inhabitants.  It  has  29  townfliips,  of  which 
Reading  is  the  chief-  It  is  well  waterc4 
by  the  Schuylkill  and  its  branches. 

Berljl^ir^ 


BEIt 


bi:r 


Berijhlre  Co.  MafTachufetts,  is  bounded 
W  by  N.  York  ftate  ;  S  by  the  ftate  of 
Connecticut ;  E  by  Hamplhire  co.  and  N 
bv  the  ftate  of  Vermont.  It  runs  the 
whole  extent  of  tlie  ftate  from  N  to  S,  and 
is  divided  into  26  townfliips ;  the  chief  of 
which  are  Stockbridge,  Lenox,  Great  Ear- 
rington,Williamfl:own,and  Pittsfield  ;  the 
inhabitants  33,885.  White  and  clouded 
marble  is  found  in  feveral  towns,  in  the 
rough  and  hilly  parts  of  this  county. 

Bcrkjhire,  A  towulhip,  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  between  Millifque  river  and 
Canada  line. 

Berlin,  a  neat  and  flourifhing  pofl  town 
of  Adams  co.  Fennfylvania,  containing 
about  lOO  houfes.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Conewago  Creek, 
13  miles  wefterly  of  Yorktown,  and  10 1 
W  of  Philadelphia.     N  lat.  39  56. 

Berlin^  A  townfhip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  S  fide  of  Onion  R.  oppofite 
Montpelier.  Berlin  contains  684  inhab- 
itants, and  is  about  30  miles  N  E  of  Mia- 
dlebury. 

Berlin,  a  poft  town  in  Hartford  co.  Con- 
neAicut,  10  miles  S  S  W  of  Hartford,  24 
N  N  E  of  New  Haven. 

Berlin,  3.  townfhip  in  Worcefler  co. 
Mairachufetts,containingj  90  inhabitants; 
34  miles  W  of  Bollon,  and  14  N  E  of 
Worcefler.  Hops  have  been  cultivated 
here  lately,  and  promife  to  be  a  valuable 
article  of  hulbandry. 

Berlin,  in  Somerfet  co.  Fennfylvania, 
lies  on  a  branch  of  Stony  Creek,  a  S  wa- 
ter of  Conemaugh  R.  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Alleghany  Mountain  ;  25  miles  weflward 
of  Bedford;  23  NW  of  Fort  Cumberland, 
in  Virginia,  and  200  W  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  300  inhabitants.     N  lat.  39  54. 

Bermuda  Hundred,  or  City  Point,  as  it  is 
fometimes  called,  is  a  port  of  entry  and 
port  town,  in  Chefierfield  co.  Virginia,  fit- 
uated  on  the  point  of  the  peninfula,  form- 
ed by  the  confluence  of  the  Appamattox 
with  James  R.  36  miles  wefterly  from 
Williamfburg,  64  from  Point  Comfort,  in 
Chcfapeak  Bay,  and  315  S  W  by  S  from 
Philadelphia.  City  Point,  from  which  it 
is  named,  lies  on  the  fouthern  bank  of 
James  R.  4  miles  S  3  W  from  this  town. 
The  exports  from  this  place,  chiefly  col- 
ledled  at  Richmond,  ao  miles  above  it, 
amounted  in  1 794,  to  the  value  of  7  73,549 
dollars.  There  are  about  40  houfes  here, 
including  fome  warehoufes.  It  trades 
chiefly  with  the  W.  Indies,  and  the  diiTer- 
ent  f^ates.  City  Point,  in  James  R.  lies  in 
N  lat.  3716,  V/lon.  77  31^.  See  Richmond. 


Bermuda  IJlands.  Thcfe  received  thi4 
name  from  the  difcoverer,  John  Bermu- 
das, a  Spaniard  ;  and  were  called  Som- 
mer's  Ifles,  from  Sir  George  Sommcrs, 
who  was  fiJpwrecked  on  their  rocks  iii 
1609,  in  his  pafTage  to  Virginia.  'J'he 
number  of  this  clufter,  in  the  form  of  a 
lliepherd's  crook,  has  been  computed  to* 
be  about  400,  diftant  from  the  land's  end 
in  England,  1500  leagues,  from  the  Ma- 
deiras 12C0,  from  Hifpaniola  400,  and 
200  from  Cape  Hatteras  in  Carolina, 
I  which  laft  is  the  ilearef^  land  to  them* 
!  The  iflands  are  walled  with  rocks  ;  and 
I  by  reafon  of  thefe,  together  with  ilioals, 
1  are  difficult  to  approach.  The  entrances 
I  into  the  harbours  and  channels  are  nar-* 
i  row  as  Avell  as  flioaly,  and  arc  more  dan- 
I  gerous  by  reafon  of  the  flrong  current 
I  which  fets  to  the  N  E  from  the  gulf  of 
I  Florida.  They  contain  from  12  to  13,000 
acres  of  poor  land,  of  which  9  parts  ia 
10  are  either  uncultivated,  or  refcrved  in 
woods,  which  confifl  chiefly  of  cedar,  for 
the  fupply  of  fhip-building.  There  are 
about  200  acres  laid  out  in  cotton.  Tlie 
main  ifland  is  about  16  miles  long,  and 
from  one  to  two  in  breadth.  The  parifh 
of  St.  George's,  is  an  I.  to  the  eaftward  of 
the  main  land,  in  which  fl.tnds  the  town 
of  St.  George's,  containing  about  500 
houfes.  Contiguous  to  that  is  St.  David's 
I.  which  fupplies  the  town  with  provif- 
ions.  The  air  is  healthy,  and  a  continual 
fpring  prevails  ;  and  moft  of  the  produc- 
tions of  the  W.  Indies  might  be  cultivated 
here.  The  houfes  are  built  of  a  foft 
ftone,  which  is  lawn  like  timber,  but  be- 
ing waflied  with  lime,  it  becomes  Jiard  j 
thclc  (tones  are  greatly  in  requeft  through- 
out the  W.  Indies,  for  filtrating  water. 
The  houfes  are  white  as  fnow  ;  which, 
beheld  from  an  eminence,  contracted  with 
the  grcennefs  of  the  cedars,  and  paflure 
ground,  and  the  multitude  of  ifiands  full 
in  view,  realize  what  the  poets  have 
feigned  of  the  Elyfian  Fields.  Some  ac- 
ci)unts  fay  that  thefe  illands  contain  from 
15  to  20,000  inhabitants;  but  Mr.  Ed- 
wards favs  the  number  of  white  people 
is  5462,  of  blacks  4919.  Old  writers  ob- 
ferve  that  there  were  3000  Englifli  in 
thefe  iflands,  in  1623.  300  or  400  gof 
annually  to  Turks  I.  to  rake  fait,  which 
is  carried  to  America  for  provifions,  or 
fold,  to  fuch  as  may  call  for  it  there,  for 
cafli.  The  Bcrmudians  are  chiefly  fea- 
faring  men,  and  the  negroes  are  very 
expert  mariners.  In  the  late  war,  there 
were  st  one  time  between  15  and  20  ppi- 

va:ecr» 


BER 


iET 


vsitecrs  fitted  out  hence,  which  were  man- 
ned by  negro  flaves,  who  behaved  irre- 
proachably ;  and  I'uch  is  the  ftate  of 
llavery  here,  and  fo  much  are  they  at- 
tached to  theirmafters,  that  fuch  as  were 
captured  always  returned  when  it  was  in 
their  power  ;  a  fingular  inftance  of  which 
occurred  in  the  ftate  of  Maflachufetts. 
The  Ihip  Regulator,  a  privateer,  was  car- 
ried into  Bofton,  and  had  70  Haves  on 
board :  60  of  them  returned  in  a  Hag  of 
truce,  9  returned  by  way  of  N.  York ;  one 
only  was  miffing,  who  died.  The  gov- 
ernment is  condutSted  under  a  governor, 
named  by  the  Britifli  crown,  a  council, 
and  a  general  aflembly.  There  are  9 
churches,  of  which  3  clergymen  have  the 
ehaige  ;  and  there  is  one  Prefbyterian 
church,  hi  the  late  European  war,  the 
fiumeroiis  cruifers  from  Bermudas,  un- 
warrantably captured  numbers  of  Amer- 
ican veflels,  loaded  with  provifions  or 
naval  (lores,  bound  for  French,  and  other 
ports,which  were  iniquitouHycondenined. 

Bernaras  Bay,  lics  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  The  paiTage  into  it, 
between  feveral  iflands,  is  called  Pafco  de 
Cavallo. 

Bernardjlovjti,  in  Somerfet  CO.  N.  Jerfey. 
ATo  the  name  of  a  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
fliire  CO.  Maffachufetts ;  diftant  no  miles 
weftward  from  Bofton. 

Btrne,  a  townfliip  in  Albany  co.  New 
York.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  it  ap- 
pears there  are  447  of  the  inhabitants  who 
are  electors. 

Berry  IJlands,  a  fmall  clufter  of  ifles  on 
the  N  W  poinc  of  the  Great  Bahama 
Bank,  in  the  channel  of  Providence.  N 
lat.  25  30,  W  Ion.  75  40. 

Bertie,  a  maritime  co,  in  N.  Carolina,  in 
Edenton  diftricSt,  with  the  Roanoke  its  S 
boundary,  and  Albemarle  Sound  on  the 
E.  In  it  is  fituatcd  the  ancient  Indian 
tower  of  Tufcarora.  It  contains  10,998 
fouls,  of  which  number  5387  are  flaves. 

Bertie,  a  cownfliip,  in  Lincoln  co.  U. 
Canada,  on  the  weft  fide  of  Niagara  river, 
fouth  of  Willoughby,  and  open  to  L.  Erie. 

Berivick,  or  ALbotJloivn,  a  neat  town  in 
York  CO.  Pcnnfylvania,  at  the  head  of 
Conewago- Creek,  13  miles  weft  ward  of 
York,  26  £  S  W  of  Harriiburgh,  and  103 
W  bv  S  of  Philadelphia.  The  town  is 
regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  about  ico 
houfes,a  German  Lutheran,  and  a Calvin- 
ilt  church.     N  lat.  39  54. 

Berivick,  a  poft  town  of  Luzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania,234milesfrom  Wafliington. 

Suriuisk^or  Ns-w-Berwick,  a  fmall  town 


of  Northumberland  co.  Pcnnfylvania,- oti 
the  N  weftern  fide  of  the  E  branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah  R.  oppofite  Nefcopeck  Falls, 
and  Nefcopeck  Creek,  2)^\  miles  N  E  from 
Nqr^umberland  and  Sunbury,  at  the 
juntftion  of  the  E  vvfith  the  W  branch  of 
Sufquehannah,  and  160  N  W  of  Philadel- 
phia. N  lat.  41  3.  The  plan  of  the  town 
is  regular,  contains  about  70  dwellings,  a 
German  Lutheran   and  Calvinift  church. 

Berivick,  a  poft  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
containing  3891  inhabitants.  It  has  an 
incorporated  academy,  and  lies  on  the  E 
fide  of  Salmon  Fall  R.  7  miles  N  W  of 
York,  and  86  E  of  N  from  Bofton. 

Bethabara,  the  firft  fettlement  of  the 
Moravians  in  the  lands  of  Wachovia,  in 
N.  Carolina,  begun  in  1 753  ;  6  miles  N  of 
Salem,  and  183  W  of  Halifax,  in"N  lat.  :i,G 
9.  k  is  fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  Grafty 
Creek,  which  unites  with  the  Gargales, 
and  feveral  others,  and  falls  into  the  Yad- 
kin. It  contains  a  church  of  the  United 
Brethren,  and  about  50  dweUing  houfcs. 

Bethany,  or  Bethan'ia,  a  Moravian  fettle- 
ment and  poft  town, in  Stoke's  co.  N.Caro- 
lina, begun  in  1760;  9  miles  N  W  of  Salem, 
4  N  \V  of  Bethabara,  and  380  S  W  by  S 
of  Wafliington.  It  contains  about  60 
houfes,  and  a  church,  built  on  a  regular 
plan.     See  Wac'jcuia. 

Bethel,  a  fmall  Moravian  fettlement  oh 
Swetara  R.  in  Pcnnfylvania,  iz  miles  from 
Mt.Joy.     A  townfliip  in  Dauphin  CO. 

Bdbc!,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co.  Ver- 
mont, containing  473  Inhabitants  ;  N  N 
W  of,  and  bounded  by  Stockbridge,  and 
about  67  miles  N  N  eafterly  of  Benning- 
ton. It  gives  rife  to  a  fmall  branch  of 
White  River. 

Bdbel,-A  townfliip  in  Delaware  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Bethel,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine,  lying 
moftly  on  the  S  fide  of  Great  Amcrefkog- 
gen  River,  A  fmall  and  narrow  ftrip 
however  lies  on  the  Nfide  adjoining  Rum- 
ford,  N  eafterly. 

BcthlebttK,  a  town  in  Albany  Co.  N.  York, 
very  fruitful  in  paftures,  and  makes  large 
quantities  of  excellent  butter.  By  the 
ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  380  of  the  inhabit- 
ants are  eletflors. 

Bethlehem,  a  townfliip  in  Berkfhire  co. 
Maffachufetts,  having  488  inhabitants. 
It  lies  about  10  miles  S  of  E  from  Stock- 
bridge,  ID  from  Lenox,  and  130  from 
Bofton.  It  borders  on  Tyringhum  and 
and  Loudon. 

Bethlehem s  a.  townfliip  in  ITuntcrdon  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  lituattd  at  the  head  of  the  S 

branch. 


BEU 


BIC 


t  ranch  of  Rartton  River.  Turf  Tor  firing 
h  found  here. 

Btthlehem^  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield  go. 
ConnctSlicut,  joins  Litchfield  on  the  N; 
and  Woodbury  on  the  S. 

Bethlehem,  a  poft  town  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  is  a  celebrated  fettle- 
ment  of  the  Moravians,  or  United  Breth- 
r^«,of  the  Proteftant  Epifcopal  church,  as 
they  term  themfelves.  It  is  fituated  on 
Lehigh  R.  a  weftern  branch  of  the  Dela- 
ware, 53  miles  northerly  from  PhJiadcl- 
phia,  and  18  foutherly  from  the  Wind 
C^ip.  ,  The  town  fiands  partly  on  the 
lower  batiks  cf  the  Manakes,  a  fine  creek, 
which  affbrds  trout  and  ether  fi£h.  The 
Htuation  is  healthful  and  pleafant,  and  in 
fummer  is  frequerited  by  gentry  from 
different  parts.  It  has  800  inhabitants. 
Beflde  the  iliectirig  houfe,  are  3  other 
pubhc  buildings,  large  and  fpacious  ;  one 
for  the  (ingle  brethren,  one  for  the  fingle 
lifters,  and  the  otJicr  for  the  widows. 
The  literary  eftabliiumcnts,  as  well  as  the 
religious  regulations,  here,  deferve  notice. 
In  a  holife  adjoining  to  the  church,  is  a 
fchool  for  females  ;  and  lince  1787,  a 
boarding  fchool  for  young  ladies,  who  are 
fent  here  from  different  parts,  and  are  in- 
/tru<£l:cd  in  rending  and  writing  (in  the 
Englifli  and  German  tongues)  grammar, 
arithmetic,  geography,  needle  work,  mu- 
fic,  &c.  The  minifter  of  the  place  has 
the  direcSlion  of  this  as  well  as  of  the 
boys'  fchool,  which  is  kept  in  a  feparatc 
houfe,  where  they  are  initiated  in  the 
fundamental  branches  of  literature.  Thcfe 
ichools,  efpeclally  that  for  the  voung  la- 
dies, are  defervedly  in  very  high  repute  ; 
and  fcholars,  more  than  can  be  accommo- 
dated, are  offered  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  Stat'es.  There  is  at  the  lower  part 
of  the  town  a  machine,  of  fimple  conftruc- 
tion,whichraifcs  the  water,  from  a  fpring, 
jnto  a  refcrvoir,  to  the  height  of  100  feet ; 
whence  it  is  conducted  by  pipes  into  the 
feveral  ftreets  of  the  town.  There  is  a 
genteel  tavern  at  the  N  end  of  the  town, 
the  pi'ofit  arifing  from  which,  belongs  to 
the  fociety.  There  is  alfo  a  ftore,  with  a 
general  allortment  of  goods,  an  apothe- 
cary's fliop,  a  large  tanyard,  a  currier's, 
and  a  dyer's  fliop,  a  grifl:  mill,  a  fulling 
mill,  an  oil  mill,  and  a  faw  mill,  and  on 
the  banks  of  the  Lehigh,  a  brewery.  N 
lat.  40  37,  Wlon.  75  14. 

Bethlehem,  a  poft  town,  Southampton  co. 
Virginia,  ai9  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Beuf,  Re'vicre  au,  empties  eaftwardly  in- 
to Miffifippi  R.  in  N  lat.  39  4;  about  48 
Vol.  I.  F 


niiles,  by  the  courfe  of  the  river,  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  and  7  miles  S 
from  Riviere  Oahaha. 

Beuf,  Small  Le.      bee  Le  Bocrf. 

Beverly,  a  port  tov/n  in  Effex  co.  Mafia- 
chufetts,  containing  3881  inhabitants,  is 
fcparated  from  Salem  by  a  handfome 
bridge,  and  is  about  15  miles  E  of  N  of 
Bofton,  and  21  S  W  of  Nev/buryport.  It 
has  four  parifues.  In  the  parillies  next 
the  harbour,  are  a  number  of  handfome 
houfes,  exhibiting  the  cheering  rewards 
of  enterprlfc  and  indufiry,  and  the  inhab- 
itants are  devoted  to  the  filliery  and  other 
branches  of  navigation.  In  the  other 
part  of  the  town,  which  is  chiefly  agricul-* 
tural,  is  a  cotton  manufacflory.  The 
bridge,  mentioned  before,  is  1500  feet  ia 
length,  eretStedin  1788, and  connedls  this 
town  with  Salem,  It  has  a  draw  for  veffels. 

Beverly,  a  townfliip  in  York  co.  U.  Can- 
ada, \V  of  Flamborough,  oppofite  Dundas 
ftreet. 

BiH's  Ff^ry,  in  Charlotte  co.  Virginia, 
v.'here  a  poll  office  is  kept,  251  miles  from 
Wafliington; 

Biddies,,  a  fettlement  on  a  branch  of 
Licking  R.  in  Bpurbon  co.  Kentucky  ; 
about  6  miles  N  W  from  Millers,  on  the 
N  E  fide  of  the  fame  branch,  and  3a  miles 
N  N  E  from  Lexington. 

Biddtford,Vi  port  of  entry  and  poft  town. 

in  York  co.  Diftri(5l  of  Maine,  on  the  3 

I   W  fide  of  Saco  R.  on  the   fea  coaft,   14 

j   miles  S  \Y  from  Portland,   24  NE  from 

j   York,  and  105  from  Bofton.     It  contain* 

I    1296     inhabitants  ;     here    the    county 

courts  are  held,  as  likewii'e  at  York.     N 

lat.  43  26. 

B'uque  IJland,  or  Bcriqutn,  or  Crabs  Ifie, 
one  of  the  Virgin  Ifles,  2  leagues  from. 
Porto  Rico,  6  leagues  long,  and  2  broad. 
The  Englifli  fettled  here  twice,  and  have 
been  driven  away  by  the  Spaniards,  whofc 
intereft  it  is  to  let  it  remain  dcfolate.  It 
has  a  rich  foil,  and  a  good  road  on  its  S 
fide.     Lat.  18  2  N,  Ion.  64  30  W. 

Big  Bene  Creek,  in  Woodford  co.  Ken- 
tucky, falls  into  the  Ohio  from  the  E,  ia 
about  N  lat.  39  17,  W  Ion.  85  54.  It  i$ 
very  fmall  in  fize,  and  has  3  branches  ; 
theN  wefternmofi:  interlocks  with  Bank 
Lick  Creek,  which  falls  into  Licking  R. 
It  is  only  noticeable  for  the  large  bones, 
and  fait  licks  near  it. 

Big  Bone  Licks,  The,  lie  OD  ench  fide  of 
the  abovcmentioned  creek,  a  little  below 
the  junc£tion  of  the  two  caftern  branches, 
about  8  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  creek. 
Thefc^  as  alfo  the  other  fait  fprings,  in  th^ 

wcftera 


BIG 


BI  R 


■wcflern  country,  are  called  ZJch,  beeaufe 
the  earth  about  them  is  furrowed  up  in  a 
moft  curious  manner,  by  the  buffaloes  and 
deer  which  lick  the  earth,  on  account  of 
the  faline  particles  with  which  it  is  im- 
pregnated. A  flrcam  of  brackiili  water 
runs  through  thefe  licks,  the  foil  of  which 
is  a  foft  clay.  The  large  bones  found 
here,  and  in  feveral  other  places  near  fait 
licks,  and m  low  foft  grounds,  thought  to 
belong  to  *the  mammoth,  ftill  puzzle  the 
mofi  learned  naturalills  to  determine  to 
v/hnt  animal  they  have  belonged.  A  thigh 
bone  found  here  by  Gen.  Parfons,  meaf- 
ured  for iy  /2i/7j  inches  in  length.  A  tooth 
of  thi,5  animal  is  depofitcdlin  Yale  College. 
Mr.  JefFcrfon,  who  feems  to  have  exam- 
ined the  /keleton  of  one  of  thefe  animals 
with  curious  attention,  fays,  that  "  The 
bones  befpeak  an  animal  of  Jive  or  fix 
times  the  cubic  volume  of  an  elephant," 
as  M.  BufFon  has  admitted.  Of  this  animal 
the  natives  have  no  tradition,  but  what  is 
fo  fabulous,  that  no  conjecflitre  can  be  aid- 
ed by  it,  except  that  the  animal  was  car- 
nivorous ;  and  this  is  the  general  opinion, 
and  was  admitted  by  the  late  Dr.  Hun- 
ter, of  I.,ondon,  from  an  examination  of 
the  tulks,  &c. 

Big  EJJy  Gro-oc,  in  LivingPton  co.  Ken- 
5iicky.  A  pofl  office  is  eftablillied  here, 
8li  miles  from  Wailiington. 

Btr  Praires,  in  Randolph  co.  Indiana 
Territory,  where  is  a  pofirofFice,933  miles 
from  Wafliington* 

B'rg  Hill  Creel',  runs  W  Into  Kaikafklas 
R.  25  miles  below  Beaver  Creek,  17  above 
Blind  Creek,  and  26  northerly  from  the 
mouth  of  Kallcafkias. 

Birgin  Sivamp,      See  Santee  River. 

Big  Rock,  a  large  rock  on  the  S  E  bank 
of  Au  Vaze  R,  about  3  miles  N  E  from 
its  mouth  in  the  Miffifippi,  and  about  8 
miles  S  E  from  Cape  St.  Antonio,  on  that 
river. 

Big  Rock  Branch,  the  N  eaflern  head 
branch  of  Alleghany  R.  The  branch 
called  Big  Hole  Town  joins  it,  and  forms 
the  Alleghany,  85  miles  N  E  from,  and 
above,  Venango  Fort. 

Big  Salt  Lick,Vi  garrifon  in  the  flate  of 
TenelTee,  near  the  Salt  Lick,  on  Cumber- 
land R.  115  miles  from  Knoxville  ;  80 
from  S.  W.  Point,  on  Clinch  R.  32  from 
Biedfoe  Lick,  and  68  from  NaHiville. 

Big  Sa/t(Jy  Rivfr,.  or  To/fervy,  has  its 
fource  near  that  of  Cumberland  R.  and, 
fcparating  Virginia  from  Kentucky,  emp- 
ties into  the  Ohio,  oppofite  the  French 
Purchafe  of  Galiopclis,  in  about  N  lat. 


38  30.  Vancouver's  and  Harmat's  forts 
(land  on  this  river.  On  irs  banks  are 
feveral  fait  licks  and  fprings.  Little  Sandy^ 
is  a  fliort,fmall  river,  which  f?lls  into  the 
Ohio,  about  20  miks  W  of  Big  Sandy  R. 
in  Mafon  co*  Kentucky. 

Billerica,  a  poft  town  in  Middlefexco. 
Maffachufetts,  incorporated  in  1655.  It 
has  1383  inhabitants  ;  nor  has  there  been 
much  variation  in  the  number  for  half  a 
century.  It  lies,  20  miles  northward  of 
Bofto!),  and  is  watered  by  Concord  and 
Shawflieen  rivers,  which  run  N  eallerly 
into  A-Ierrimack  River. 

Billingsport,  o\\  Delaware  River,  lies  la 
miles  below  Philadelphia,  v/as  fortified  in 
the  late  war,  for  the  defence  of  the  chan- 
nel. Oppofite  this  fort,  feveral  largf 
frames  of  timber,  headed  with  iron 
fpikes,  called  chevaux  de  frizes,  were  funk 
to  prevent  the  Britilli  iLips  from  paffing. 
Since  the  peace,  a  curious  ir.achinc  has 
been,  invented  in  Philadelphia,  to  raife 
them. 

Billet.      See  Hathorough. 

Billy  mead  ^  in  Caledonia  co.  in  Ver- 
mont, 25  miles  N  of  Barnet. 

Bimini  Ijle,  one  of  the  Bahama  Iflands, 
near  the  channel  of  Bahama,  and  E  of 
Cape  Florida.  It  is  about  8  miles  in 
length,  and  as  much  in  breadth  ;  covered 
with  trees,  and  inhabited  by  the  aborig- 
ines of  America.  It  is  very  difficult  of 
accefs,  on  account  of  the  flioals  ;  but  is  a 
pleafant  place,  and  is  faid  to  have  a  good 
harbour.     N  lat.  25,  W  ion.  79  30. 

Binhrooky  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co,  U, 
Ganada,  between  Salt  fleet,  Glandford, 
and  Gaiftor. 

Biobio,  or  Biophia,  a  rivcT  in  Chili,  the 
largefl  in  tliat  kingdom.  It  rifes  in  the 
Andes,  enters  the  S.  Sea  near  the  city  o*" 
Conception,  oppofite  the  iflc  of  Avequi- 
rina,  in  lat.  37  S  ;  running  through  veins 
of  gold  and  fields  of  farfaparilla.  It  is 
the  boundary  between  the  Spaniards  and 
feveral  Indian  nations,  their  enemies  ; 
which  obliges  them  to  keep  ftrong  garri- 
fon"^ upon  it. 

Birch,  a  flrcam  about  20  miles  long, 
which  falls  into  the  Penobfcot  on  its  W 
fide,  in  Townfliip  No.  4,  oppofite  Orfon's 
Ifland,  about  3  miles  above  the  Great 
Falls,  and  nearly  oppofite  Sunkhare 
River. 

Bird  /"or/,  on  Monongahela  R.  40  miles 
S  of  Fort  Pitt. 

Birds  Keys,  a  rock  or  Ifland  among  the 
Virgin  ifles  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  round. 
and  lies  about  a  leagues  S  of  St.  Jolij^'s.   It 

hat. 


BL  A 


B  L  A 


h^■^  its  name  from  the  quantities  nf  birds 
which  refort  there.  N  lat.  17  SS*  ^^  lo"- 
63  ao. 

JSiru,3i  town  10  leagues  from  Truxilla, 
in  the  S.  Sea,  in  the  empire  of  Peru ;  in- 
habited by  about  80  Indians,  Spaniards,  '• 
Mulattocs,  and  Mellees.  It  is  very  fer- 
tile, and  well  watered  by  canals  cut  from 
the  river,  and  lb  conveyed  to  great  dif- 
tances  ;  as  at  Truxrlla.  S  lat.  8  24*  W 
Ion.  6917. 

B/fcay  JS.iy,  ifi  in  the  N  eaftcrn  corner  of 
Trepaifey  Bay  in  the  ifland  of  Newfound- 
land ;  which  lies  in  the  S  eaftern  part  of 
the  i  Hand. 

JSi/lav^  a  province  of  Mexico,  aboun<l- 
jng  in  iilver  inines,  having  N.  Mexico  on 
the  N,  and  Florida  on  the  W.  The  river 
de  la  Naffas  runs  through  a  great  part 
of  rt. 

Bljci  Lick,  lies  in  Weflmoreiand  co. 
Pennfyivania,  about  36  miles  E  of  Pittf- 
burgh. 

Black  Point,  and  Blue  Point,  afe  capes 
within  thofe  of  Elizabet'h  and  Porpoife, 
in  the  Diftria  of  Maine. 

Black  R.  There  are  two  (mail  rivers  ij 
-of  this  name  in  Vermont,  one  falls  into  j 
Conncdlicut  R.  at  Springfitl-d,  the  other  li 
runs  N  into  Lake  Memphrcmagog.  j 

Black  R.  in    N.  York,   rifes    near   the  'j 
northern  branches  of  the  Mohawk.     Its  jj 
courfe  is  iirft  S  W,  then  N  W  within  30 
miles  of  Fort  Stauwix,  where  it  receives   I 
Moofe  River  from  the  E.     As  they  unite 
they  rufli  over  a  precipice   63   feet  per- 
pendicular into  a  broad  bafon,  thence  it 
directs  its  courfe  N  N  ¥/,  a  (till  and  wide 
ftream,  42  miles,  where  it  has  an  inconfid- 
erable  fall,  thence  it  turns  W,  and  after  a 
courfe  of  25  miles  of  continued  fails  and 
rapids,   it    enters   Hungry  bay  20  miles 
above  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ontario, 

Black  R.  in  N.  York,  riling  inOfwegat- 
chie  Lake,  which  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
60  miles  below  its  outlet  from  Lake  On- 
tario. 

Black  R.  along  river  which  riits  ixi  Vir- 
ginia, and  pafTes  fouth  eafterly  into  Not- 
taway  R.  in  N.  Carolina. 

Black  River,  a  Britifh  fettlement  at  the 
mouth  of  Tinto  R.  20  kagues  to  the  E 
of  Cape  Honduras,  the  only  harbour  on 
t]>e  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  from  the  ifland 
of  Rattan  to  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  and  was 
for  more  than  60  years  the  refuge  of  the 
logwood  cutters,  when  theSpaniards  drove 
them  from  the  forefts  of  E.Yucatan,  which 
occaiioned  adventurers  of  difFcrent  kinds 
tc fettle  here, where  the  coatt  isfandy,low 


and  fwampy  ;  higher  up  near  the  river-, 
and  lagoons,  which  are  full  of  fifli,  the 
foil  is  more  fertile,  and  produces  plan- 
tanes,  cocoa  trees,  maize,  yams,  potatoes, 
and  variety  of  vegetables  ;  end  the  pafliou 
for  drinking  fpi)  its,  made  them  plant  lu- 
gar  canes.  The  forefts  arc  full  of  deer. 
Mexican  fwine  an-d  game.  The  fhorcs 
abound  with  turtle,  and  the  woods  with 
mahogany,  jsebrawood,  farfaparilla,  &c. 
and  indeed  the  whole  fettlement  flouriflics 
fpontaneoufly  without  cultivation. 

Black  R.  in  the  iiland  of  Jamaica,  palTcs 
through  a  level  country,  is  the  deepell  and 
largefl:  in  the  ifland,  and  will  admit  flat 
bottomed  boats  and  canoes  for  about  50 
miles. 

Biackhurti  Springs,  in  Jackfon  CO.  Ten- 
^ffee,  where  a  poft  office  is  kept,  6ss 
miles  from  Wafliington. 

Black  StvaTnp,  in  St.  Peter's  parifli,  S. 
Carolina,  where  a  potl  olHce  is  kept,  631 
miles  from  Wafliington. 

Blackjlone,  a  fmall  river  which  has  its 
fourcein  Ramfnornpond.in  Sutton,  Maf- 
fachufctts,and  after  paifing  through  Prov- 
idence, empties  into  Narraganfet  Bay  at 
BriPtol,  receiving  in  its  courfe  a  number 
of  tributary  flrcams, 

BlacHvaicr,  a  place  in  the  S  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, on  a  river  of  the  name,  which  unites 
with  the  Nottaway.  Here  the  Friends 
hold  a  yearly  meeting. 

Black  Creek,  a  weftern  water  of  Niagara 
river,  paffing  through  the  town  of  Wil- 
loughby  above  Chippewa. 

Bladen,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in  Wil- 
mington diftridl.  It  has  6963  inhabitants, 
including  2278  flaves. 

Bladcnjhurgh,  a  poft  town  in  Prince 
George  co.  Maryland,  on  the  caflern  bank 
of  the  eaflern  branch  of  PatowmackR.  at 
the  confluence  of  the  N  W  and  N  E 
branches;  6  miles  from  Wafhington  ;  38 
S  W  from  Baltimore,  and  12  N  E  from 
Alexandria,  in  Virginia.  It  contains  about 
160  houfes,  and  a  warehoufe  for  the  in- 
fpecEtion  of  tobacco. 

Bla'tze,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  W.  Florida, 
in  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  is  a  pronacntory 
which  feparates  the  bay  of  ^Vpalache  on 
the  E  from  that  of  St.  Jofeph  ;  into  which 
lalt  it  turns  in  the  flaape  of  a  flicpherd's 
crook. 

Blanca,  a  river  in  the  province  of  Chi- 
apa,  in  the  audience  of  Mexico,  in  New 
Spain,  N.  America.  Its  water  is  faid  to 
have  a  petrifying  quality,  yet  is  clear, 
and  does  no  harm  lo  man  or  bead  that 
drinks  of  it, 

Blanc!! 


BLE 


BLU 


Blanco  Cdp<:s.  There  are  many  capes  of 
this  name,  as  follow,  i.  The  N  wcftern 
point  of  the  bay  of  Salinas,  in  the  lOth 
degree  of  N  latitude  ;  and  on  the  coall  of 
Terra  Firma  ;  and,  in  other  maps,  is  call- 
ed the  N  weftera  point  of  the  gulf  of  Ni- 
coya.  a.  On  the  coaft  of  California,  at 
the  broadeft  part  of  the  peninfula,  in  the 
2,'id  degree  of  N  lat!  3.  On  the  N  W  coafl 
of  America,  in  New  Albion,  fouthward 
of  the  mouth  of  what  has  been  called  the 
River  of  ihe  Wejl,  in  the  44th  degree  of  N 
l^t.  4  A  promt>ntory  of  Peru,  in  ij.  Amer- 
ica, on  the  coafl;  of  the  S.  Sea,  120  miles 
S  W  of  Guayaquil,  S.  lat.  3  45,  W  Ion.  83. 
5.  A  cape  in  the  fouthern  ocean,  on  the 
11  fide  of  Patagonia,  S  eallward  of  Julian 
Bay,  in  the  47th  degree  of  S  latitude,  8 
leagues  W  of  Pepys'a  Iltand. 

Blanco,  or  Blatica,  an  iiland  2t5  leagues 
from  Terra  Fixma,  and  N  of  Margarita  I. 
in  the  province  of  New  Andalufia.  It  is 
flat,  low,  and  uninhabited  ;  having  favan- 
iiahs  of  long  grals  ;  is  dry  and  healthy  ; 
lias  plenty  of  guanas,  and  fome  trees  of 
iignumvitie.     N  lat.  11  50,  W  Ion.  64  50. 

Blanco,  an  ifland  on  the  S  eaftern  part 
cf  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,in N.Spain. 
Nlat.  •zi,WIon.  885. 

BUinford^  a  townfliip  In  Lunenburg  co. 
on  Mahon  Bay,  Nova  Scotia,  fettled  by  z 
iQVf  families. 

BlandforJ,  a  pofl  town  in  Hampfliire  co. 
lyialiachufctts,  W  of  Weftliekl  ;  about  25 
iniles  S  W  of  Norrhampton,  and  1 20  W  of 
Bofton.     It  has  1778  inhabitants. 

Blandfordy  a  town  in  Prince  George  co. 
Virginia,  feparated  from  Peterfburgh  by  a 
fmall  creek,  over  which  is  a  bridge.  It 
contains  2CO  houfes  and  1200  inhabitants, 
and  is  pleafantly  fituated  on  a  plain.  Here 
are  many  large  ftores,  and  3  tobacco 
warehoules,  which  receive  annually  6  or 
7000  hhd.s.  It  is  a  thriving  place  ;  arid 
the  marflies  in  its  vicinity  bemg  now 
drained,  the  air  of  this  town,  and  that  of 
Peterfburgh,  is  much  meliorated. 

Blaiiford,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Riding  of 
York'  CO.  y .  Canada,  on  the  Thames,  op- 
polite  Oxford. 

Bias,  St.  a  cape  on  the  coafl  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  which,  to  the  S  E 
ftands  the  town  of  Compoftella,  in  the 
province  of  Zalifca,  in  N.  Spain. 

Bltdfod  Lick,  in  theftate  of  TenefTeejlies 
3a  miles  from  Big  Salt  Lick  gafrifon,  and 
36  ivMxi  Nafliville. 

B'fnhe'im,  a  town  in  Schoharie  co.  N 
York, incorporated iu  1 797, about  25  miles 
S  W  of  Schoharie. 


Blocl  Jfutfii,  called  by  the  Indians  Manip 
ffs,  is  in  Newport  co.  R.  Iiland.  It  was 
creeled  into  a  townfnip,  named  Ne'w 
Shorebam,  in  167'i.  This  ifland  is  7  miles 
in  length,  and  its  breadth  4  miles.  It  hes 
8  leagues  S  S  W  from  Rhode  Illaud,  and  7 
E  by  N  from  the  E  end  of  Long  Ifland.  It 
has  714  inhabitants. '  It  is  famous  for  cat- 
tle and  fheep,  butter  and  cheefe  ;  round 
the  ledges  of  the  ifland  confiderable  quan- 
tities of  cod  fifli  are  caught.  The  fouth- 
ern part  of  it  is  in  N  lat.  418. 

BlocUey,  a  townfliip  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Bloomficld,  a  Village  of  N.  Jerfey,  5  miles 
N  of  Newark.  It  has  aPrelbyterian  church 
and  public  library.  In  the  vicinity  are 
excellent  quarries  of  freeflone. 

Bloojnfdd,  a  pofl  town  in  pntario  co.  N. 
York,  having  1940  inhabitants,  10  miles 
W  of  Canandarqu^. 

Bloomi)igFalc,z  tradl  of  land  in  the  town- 
fliip of  Manlius,  N.  York  flate,  on  Butter- 
nut Creek. 

Blount,  a  county  in  the  flate  of  Tenef- 
foe,  bounded  foutherly  by  lands  retained 
by  the  Indians.  Its  principal  flreams  are 
the  Hclfton,  Little  River,  and  fome  fmaU 
branches  of  the  TerieiTee.  It  contains 
5526  inhabitants,  339  are  Haves. 

BloiintJVtlle,  in  N.  Carolina,  is  on  the  poft 
read  from  Halifax  to  Plymouth,  49  miles 
from  Plymouth,  and  55  from  WiUiami- 
town. 

Blountfville^  the  ccurtty  town  cf  Sullivan 
CO.  Teneffet. 

Bluefdds  Bay,  lies  S  eaflward  of  Savan- 
nah la  mar,  in  the  iiland  of  Jamaica,  hav- 
ing good  anchorage  for  large  vefTels.  N 
lat.  i8  lo-l,  Wlon.78. 

Blucfelds,  a  town  fituated  at  the  S  E 
point  of  the  country  called  the  MofquHa 
Jbore.  It  has  a  good  harbour  except  that 
at  its  entrance  is  a  bar  on  which  are 
only  12  feet  water.  At  this  place  end? 
the  real  jurifdiclion  of  the  Mofquito  king", 
though  he  exads  tribute  from  all  the  in- 
habitants on  the  lea  fliore  100  leagues  fur- 
ther fouthward.  The  country  back  of 
Bluefields  is  high  land. 

Bluekill,  a  poft  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide  of  Union  R  344 
railes  N  E  of  Boflon,  and  1 3  E  of  Pcnobfcot. 
'  Blue  Hill  Bay,  is  formed  by  Nafkeag 
Point  on  the  W,  and  Mount  Dcfart  I.  on 
the  E.  It  extends  northerly  up  to  a  moun- 
tain on  the  E  of  Penobfcot  R.  which,  from 
its  appearance  at  fea,  is  called  Blue  Hill. 
Union  R.  empties  into  this  bay. 

Blue  Hilli,  a  range  of  niountains  in  Nev/ 
England  j 


BOB 


BOL 


England ;  whofe  firft  ridge  in  N.  Hamp-  j 
fliire  pafles  through  Rochefl:er,Barrington, 
and  Nottingham. 

Blue  Mountains,  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  extend  from  S  W  to  N  E, 
and  a  ihort  way  acrofs  the  Delaware.  Al- 
fo,  a  range  of  mountains  which  run  from 
is  E  to  N  W  through  Surry  co.  in  the  iil- 
and  of  Jamaica. 

Blue  Ridge.  The  firft  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains.^  in  Pennfylvania  and  Vir- 
ginia, is  called  the  Blue  Ridge  ;  and  is  a- 
bout  130  miles  from  the  Atlantic.  It  is 
about  4000  feet  high,  meafuring  from  its 
l?afe  ;  and  betv/een  it  and  the  North 
Mountain  is  a  large  fertile  vale.  The 
paiTage  of  the  Potowmack  through  this 
ridge  is  one  of  the  moft  ftupendous  fcenes 
in  nature.  See  Alleghany  Mountains^  and 
JPototumack  Ri'uer. 

Blue  Licks,  on  the  main  branch  of  Lick- 
ing R.  in  Kentucky,  are  lituated  about  8 
miles  weflerly  from  the  Upper  Blue  Licks. 
Both  are  on  the  N  eaOiern  lide  of  the  ri\^- 
er  ;  the  latter  is  about  15  miles  N  E  of 
Millers. 

Blue  Spring,\\e^  between  Big  Barren  and 
JLittle  Barren  rivers,  S  branches  of  Green 
R.  in  Mercer's  co.  Kentucky ;  about  ^^ 
iniles  S  welleily  from  Sulphur  Spring, and 
13  S  of  Craig's  Fort,  on  the  N  iide  of 
Green  R.      ' 

Blue  Stone  Creek,  a  fmall  wcftern  branch 
of  the  Great  Kanhaway. 

Blue  Water  River,  rifes  among  the  fouth- 
prn  branches  of  Duck  River,  and  empties 
into  theTenelTeg.     It  is  afcended  by  boats. 

Bocca  Chica,  the  ftrait  or  entrance  into 
the  harbour  of  Carthagena,  in  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.America  ;  defended  by  feveral  forts 
and  guns,  which  were  all  takeii  by  the 
Britilh  forces  in"  1741. 

Bocca  del  Dragp,  a  ftrait  between  the  ifl- 
and  of  Trinidad  and  Andalufia,  in  thp 
province  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  America. 

BodtveWs  Falls, "in  Merrimack  R  lie  be- 
tv/een  Andover  and  Methuen,  about  5 
iniles  below  Patucket  Falls.  Near  this  is  a 
bridge  uniting  Methuen  and  Andoyer. 

Bodet  Poifit,  is  on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake  St. 
Francis,  near  the  boundary  line  between 
U.  and  L.  Canada.  Bodet  River,  runs  into 
Lake  St.  Francis  E  of  Bodet  Point. 

Smyth, 

Bontf,  Le,  a  place  in  the  N  weftern  cor- 
ner of  Pennfylvania,  at  the  head  of  the  N 
branch  of  French  Creek,  and  50  miles 
from  Fort  Franklin,where  this  Creek  joins 
tiie  Alleghany  ;  meafuring  the  diftance  by 
v/atcr.     I'he  French  foi't  of  Le  Eoeuf, 


from  which  the  place  has  its  name,  layt 
about  a  miles  E  from  Small  Lake,  which  ijj 
on  the  N  branch  of  French  Creek  ;  and 
from  Le  Boeuf,  there  is  a  portage  of  1 4 
miles  northerly,  to  Prefque  Ilk,  in  Lake 
Erie ;  where  the  French  had  another  fort. 
From  Le  Boeuf,  to  Prefque  Tfle,  is  a  con- 
tinued chefnut  bottom  Iwamp  (except  for 
about  I  mile  from  the  iormer,  and  a 
from  the  latter)  and  the  road  between 
thefe  two  places,  for  9  miles,  so  years  ago, 
was  made  with  logs,  laid  upon  the  fwamp. 
N  lat.  4S  I,  Wlon   795320. 

Boggy  Creel,  riles  among  the  eaftern 
branches  of  Poplar  Creek,  and  empties 
into  the  Tenefiee  jufl  abwe  the  Mufcle; 
Shoals.  Below  its  mouth  there  is  a  beau- 
tiful blufF  40  feet  perpendicular,  whence 
there  is  an  exteniive  profpecSt  up  and 
down  the  river.  Hurricane  Creek  is  a. 
branch  of  Boggy  Crt;ek. 

Bohemia,  a  broad,  xiavigable  river,  10 
miles  long,  which  runs  "W"  N  W  into  Elk 
River,  in  Maryland,  11  miles  below  Elk- 
ton. 

Bohio,  a  river  of  Chili,  in  S.  America. 

Bois  Blanc  Jjland,  in  U.  Canada,  lies  in, 
in  the  ftrait  between  Lake  Erie  and  Lake 
St.Clair,containingi50  to  aooacres  of  good 
land,  covered  with  wood.  I'hc  commoj; 
channel,  which  is  narroWjis  between  it  and 
theE  lliore,  and  forms  the  beft  harbour  in 
this  country.  This  ifland  commands  the 
Detroit  river  from  Lake  Erie.  At  its  up- 
per end  are  good  mill  feats.  A  wider  fliip 
cJiannel,  though  lefs  frequented,  is  on  the 
W  of  the  ill  and.  Smyth. 

Bolahola,  one  of  the  Society  JJles,  which 
fee. 

Bolinhrohe,  a  town  in  Talbot  co.  eaftern 
fliore  of  Maryland,  and  5  miles  E  of  Ox- 
ford. It  Hes  on  the  N  W  point  of  Chop- 
tank  River. 

Bolton,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  on  Onion  K.  about  104  miles  N 
N  E  from  Bennington. 

Bolton,  a  townfliip  in  Tolland  co.  Con- 
ngdlicut,  incorporated  in  1720;  and  was 
fettled  from  Weather.sfield,  Hartford,  and 
Windfor,  14  miles  Efrom  Hartford. 

Bolton,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co.Maf- 
fachufetts  ;  18  70}}^:.  N  E  from  Worcefter, 
and  34  W  froiT.  Softon.  It  contains  945 
inhabitants.  There  is  a  fine  bed  of  lime- 
ftone  in  this  towi.,  from  which  confidera- 
ble  quanties  of  good  lime  are  made  yearly, 

Bolion,  a  townfliip  in  V7alliiagton  co. 
N.  York,  between  Scrocn  Lake  and  Lak^ 
George.  It  has  959  inhabitants ;  10  or  1% 
miles  S  E  of  Ticcndcroga. 

Bombardcx 


BO!^ 


ion 


^omharde,  a  fort  and  village  on  the  N 
peninfula  of  St.  Domingo  liland,  about  3 
leagues  N  of  La  Plate  Forme  ;  6  S  E  of 
the  Mole,  aad  2a  from  Port  de  Paix,  as 
the  road  runs.     N  hit.  1 9  j^t, 

Bombay  Hoot,  an  ifiand  at  the  mouth  of 
Dehiware  R.  about  8  miles  long  and  2 
"broad,  formed  by  the  Delaware  on  the 
<?aft:ern  fide,  and  Duck  Creek  and  Lirtle 
Duck  Creek  on  the  Mftryland  fide  ;  thefe 
are  united  together  by  a  natural  canal  It 
is  propofed  to  conned  Delaware  R,  with 
Chefapeak  Bay,  by  a  canal  from  Duck 
Creek  to  that  bay,  through  Chefter  P,.. 
See  Chtji^r  Rher  The  N  W  end  of  Bom- 
bay Hook  is  about  47  miles  from  Capes 
HerJopen  and  May,  from  the  Hook  to 
Reedy  I.  is  9  miles. 

Bombazine  Rapids,  on  a  river  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Diflrict  of  Maine,  are  navigable  for 
boats  with  fome  lading,  at  a  middling  pitch 
of  water.  They  took  their  name  from 
Bombazine,  an  Ixidian  warrior,  who  was 
ilain  by  the  Englifh  in  attempting  to  crofs 
them. 

Bomhazhis,  a  lake,  7  or  8  miles  long,  in 
the  townfhip  of  CalHeton,  PvUtland  co. 
Vermont. 

Bonaire,  an  ifiand,  aimofi:  uninhabited, 
on  the  coafl  of  Venizuela,  in  the  kingdom 
Of  1  erra  Firma,  about  20  leagues  from  the 
continent,  and  14  E  of  Cura^oa,  and  be- 
longs to  the  Dutch,  It  i3  about  18  leagues 
in  compafs,  and  has  a  good  bay  and  road 
en  the  S  W  fide,  near  the  middle  of  the 
ifiand.  Here  formerly  were  a  few  houfes, 
and  a  fort  with  a  few  fo Idlers.  There 
were  alio  5  or  6  Indian  families  who  plant- 
ed maize,  yams,  potatoes,  &c.  There  are 
plenty  of  cattle  and  goats,  wliich  they 
fend  falted  to^Cura^oa  annually.  There 
is  a  fait  pond  here,  where  the  Dutch 
come  for  lait.     N  lat.  iz  16,  Wlon.  68  18. 

Boiiamys  Point,  on  the  fouthern  fide  of 
Chaleur  Bay,  is  at  the  N  W  extremity  of 
Eel  river  cove,  and  forms  the  S  Jiraitof  the 
mouth  of  Riftigouche  river. 

Boiiaveidure,  on  the  northern  fide  of  Cha- 
ieur  Bay,  lies  about  3  leagues  from  New 
Carliile,  which  is  now  called  Hamilton, 
It  was  a  place  of  confiderable  commerce, 
but  is  nov/  declined. 

Botia-jenlura,  a  bay,  harbour,  and  fort, 
c;f  S.  America,  in  Papa  van,  9c  miles  E  of 
Cali.    N  lat.  3  2,o,Wlo'  It  is  the 

flapleportof  CahjPapi  lc,&c. 

Bonwvijla,  Cafe  avd Bu-i  '.J^  \n:  on  the  E 
fide  of  Newfoundland  I.  The  cape  lies 
in  N  lat.  48  15,  W  Ion.  5a  32,  and  was 
difcovered  by  John  Cabot,  aad  hia  ion 


Sebafiian,  in  1497,  in  the  fervice  of  Hent^ 
VII.  king  of  England.  The  bay  is  formed 
by  this  cape  and  that  of  Cape'  f  reels,  15 
leagues  apart. 

Bonhatntcivn^vcx  Middlefex  CO.  N.  Jerfey, 
lies  about  6  miles  N  E  from  New  Brunf- 
wick. 

Boone,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  containing 
1534  inhabitants. 

B'iwtfbury^  a  poll  town  in  Wafliington 
CO.  Maniand,  6i  miles  from  Walhington.. 

Bo'nc  Bay,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of  Nev/^ 
foundland  I.  22  leagues  N  by  E  of  St. 
George's   Harbour.     N  lat.  49  r:^^. 

Bor,ndo7i,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  in  Morris 
CO.  N.  Jtrfey,  on  the  pofl;  road  between 
Rockaway  and  Sufltx  court  houfe ;  116 
miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Boon  JJland,  on  the  coaft  of  Maine,  be* 
tween  the  mouth  of  York  R.  and  Cape 
Ncddock, 

Boorfuorough,\n  Maddifon  eo  Kentucky, 
lies  on  the  S  fide  of  Kentucky  R.  at  the 
mouth  of  Otter  Creek,  15  miles  S  E.  of 
Lexington,  and  ^5  N  E  from  Danville. 

Boon:  Creeky a  fmali  N  branch  of  Ken- 
tucky R. 

Booth  Bay,  a  town  and  bay  on  the  coaft 
of  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  in  N  lat.  43  42, 
about  2  miles  W  of  Pemaquid  Point. 
The  bay  ftretches  v/ithin  the  land  about 
12  miles,  and  receives  two  fmall  ftreams. 
On  it  is  a  town,  having  997  inhabitants. 
This  town  and  bay  were  originally  called 
Townfend;.  which  fee. 

Bouquet  R.  pafTcs  til!  ough  the  town  of 
Willfborough,  in  Clinton  co.  N.  York, 
and  is  navigable  for  boats  about  2  miles  \ 
and  is  there  interrupted  by  falls,  on  which 
are  mills.  At  this  place  are  the  remains 
of  an  intrenchmeut,  thrown  up  by  Gen. 
Eurgoyne. 

BcrJentoivn,  a  pleafant  poft  town  In 
Burlington  co.  N.  Jerfey,  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  CrolTwicks  Creek,  on  the  E 
bank  of  a  great  bend  of  Delaware  P.  6 
miles  below  Trenton,  9NE  from  Bur- 
hngton,by  water,  and  15  by  land,  and  24 
miles  NE  from  Philadelphia.  Through 
this  town,  which  contains  about  100 
houfes,  and  a  Baptifl;  and  Quaker  meeting 
houfe,  a  line  of  Qages  paffes  from  New 
York  to  Philadelphia.  'I'he  fecond  di- 
viiion  of  Hcflians  was  placed  in  this  town, 
in  December,  1776;  and  by  the  rortd 
leading  to  it,  6co  men  of  that  nation 
efcaptd,  when  Gen.Vv'afliington  furprifed, 
and  made  prifoncrs  of  886  prlv*ates,  and 
23  Hcflian  oflTicers,  at  Trenton. 

Bcricuc/ti  or  Crabi  Jjland.     Sec  Bicque. 

jBorgHC, 


BOS 


tO^ 


Borgne,  Le,  a  town  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  northern  peninfuia  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo,  3  leagues  W  by  N  of  Port  Mar- 
got,  and  8  £  by  S  of  Port  de  Paix.     N  lat. 

X9  49- 

Borja,  a  town  in  Peru,  lituatcd  on  the 
head  waters  of  Amazon  R. 

Borja,  a  town  in  Brazil,  on  the  S  eailcrn 
bank  of  Uraguay  R.  S  lat.  29  15  W  loa. 
56  30. 

Bofcaiven,  a  pofl  town  in  Hilllborough 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,on  the  weflern  bank  of 
Merrimack  R.  above  Concord;  43  miles 
N  Wof  Exeter,, and  38  SE  of  Dartmouth 
College;  having  1 108  inhabitants.  Bof- 
cawen  Hills  are  in  this  neighbourhood. 

Bofon,  a  port  town,  and  the  capital  of 
the  ftate  of  MalTachufetts,  the  largeft  town 
in  N.  England,  and  the  fourth  in  fize  and 
rank  in  the  United  States,  lies  in  42  23  15 
N  lat.  and  70  52  42  W  Ion.  This  town, 
with  the  towns  of  Hingham,  Ghelfea,  and 
Hull,  conftitute  the  county  of  Suffolk; 
176  miles  S  W  of  V/ifcaiTet,  6i  S  by  W 
of  Portfmouth,  164  N  E  of  New  Haven, 
252  N  E  of  N.  York,  347  N  E  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  5C0  N  E  of  the  city  of  Wafli- 
ington.  Boflou  is  built  upon  a  peninfuia 
of  irregular  form,  at  the  bottom  of  Maf- 
fachufetts  Bay,  and  is  jomed  to  the  main 
land  by  an  ifthmus  on  the  fouth  end  of 
the  town  leading  to  Roxbur)^  It  is  two 
miles  long,  but  is  of  unequal  breadth; 
the  broadeft  part  is  726  yards.  The  pen- 
infuia contains  about  700  acres  (other 
accounts  fay  1000)  on  which  are  about 
2600  dwelling  houfes.  The  number  of 
inhabitants  in  1790  was  18,038,  in  1800, 
24,937.  The  tOAvn  is  interfccSced  by  97 
ftreets,  36  lanes,  and  26  alleys,  befides  18 
courts,  &c-  moft  of  thefe  are  irregular,  and 
not  very  convenient.  State  Itrcet,  Com- 
mon ftreet,  and  a  few  others,  are  excep- 
tions to  this  general  characfler ;  the  former 
is  verv  fpacious,  and  being  on  a  line  with 
Long  Wharf,  where  ftrangers  ufually 
Tand,  exhibits  a  flattering  idea  of  the  town. 
Here  are  nineteen  edifices  for  public  wor- 
fliip,  of  which  nine  are  for  Congrega- 
tionalifcs,  three  for  Epifcopalians,  and 
two  for  Baptifts  ;  the  Friends,  Roman 
Catholics,  Methodifls,  Sandemanlaus  and 
Uiiiverfalifts  have  one  each.  Moft  of  thefe 
are  ornamented  with  beautiful  fpires,with 
clocks  and  bells.  The  other  public  build- 
ings are  the  old  State  Houfe,  now  con- 
verted into  offices,  ftores,  &c.  Court 
Houfc,  a  Theatre,  Concert  Hall,  Fancuil 
Hall,  Gaol,  an  Alms  Houie,  lately  eredled 
at  the  N  W  part  of  the  town,  fpacious. 


and  commodious,  and  the  mcfl  elcgarlS" 
building  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 
Franklin  Place,  adjoining  Federal  ftreet 
Theatre,  is  a  great  ornamtT;t  to  the  town  j 
it  contains  a  monument  of  Dr.  Eranklin^- 
from  whom  it  takes  its  name,  and  is  en-' 
compafled  on  two  fides  with  elegant  build- 
ings. Here  are  kept,  in  capacious  rooms, 
given  and  fitted  up  for  the  purpofe,  the 
Bofton  Library,  and  the  valuable  Collec- 
tions of  the  Hiftorical  Society.  Mofl  of 
the  public  buildings  are  handfome,  and 
fome  of  chem  are  elegant  ;  particularly 
the  new  State  Ploufe,  ered:ed  on  the  S 
fide  of  Beacon  Hill,  fronting  the  Mali, 
the  corner  ftone  of  which  was  laid  with 
great  formality  and  parade  on  the  4th  of 
July,  1795.  This  building  overtops  the 
monument  on  Beacon  Hill,  and  is  one  of 
the  moft  elegant  in  the  United  States.  It 
is  an  ol>long  building,  173  feet  front,  and 
61  deep,  it  conlifts  externally  of  a  bafe- 
ment  ftory,  20  feet  high,  and  a  principal 
ftory,  30  feet.  This  in  the  centre  of  the 
front  is  crowned  with  an  Attic  60  feet 
wide,  20  feet  high,  which  is  covered  with 
a  pediment :  Immediately  above  this  rifes 
a  dome  50  feet  diameter  and  30  high,  the 
v.'holc terminated  with  an  elegant  circular 
lanthorn,  fupporting  a  gilt  pine  cone,  an 
emblem  of  one  of  our  principal  ftaples. 
The  bafement  fl;ory  is  finiihed  plain  on 
the  wings  with  fquare  windows.  The 
centre  is  94  feet  in  length,  and  formed  of 
arches  which  project  14  feet ;  they  forra 
a  covered  walk  below,  and  fupport  a  coU 
onade  of  Corinthian  columns  of  the  fame 
extent  above.  The  outfide  walls  are  of 
large  patent  brides,  with  white  marble 
fafcias,  impofis  and  key  flrones.  The  low- 
er ftory  is  divided  into  a  large  hall  or 
public  walk  in  the  centre,  S5  feet  fquare 
and  20  high,  fupportcd  by  Doric  columns  * 
tw^o  entries,  each  16  I'ctt  wide,  with  two 
flights  of  ftairs  in  each,  and  at  the  ends 
offices  for  the  Treafurer  and  Secretary  of 
the  commonwealth.  The  rooms  above 
are,  theReprefentatives*  room,  in  the  cen- 
tre, S5  f^cet  fquare,  the  corners  formed  into- 
niches  for  fireplaces  :  this  room  is  finifli- 
ed  with  Doric  columns  on  the  fides, at  i* 
feet  from  the  floor,  forming  a  gallery  ;  the 
Doric  entablature  furrounds  the  wholes 
from  this  fpring  four  flat  arches  on  the 
fides,  which  bein;j_  united  by  a  circular 
cornice  above,  form  in  the  angles  four 
large  pendants  to  a  b(>]d  and  well  pro- 
portioned dome.  The  pendants  are  or- 
namented with  trophies  of  Commerce,  Ax;-^ 
ricu'turcy  Peace,  and   IVar.     The    dome  is 

finilhtd 


BdS 


f  niflied  in  compartments  of  ftucco,  in  a 
ftyle  of  limple  elegance.  The  centre  of 
the  dome  is  50  feet  from  the  floor.  The 
feats  for  the  niembers  are  ranged  femi- 
circularly,  and  the  Speaker's  chair  in 
face  of  the  whole.  North  erf  the  centre 
room  is  the  Senate  chamber,  ^^  feet  long, 
^^3  wide,  and  30  high  ;  highly  finiflied  iii 
the  Ionic  order  ;  two  fcreens  of  columns, 
fupport  wirh  their  entablature  a  rich  and 
elegant  arched  ceiling.  This  room  is  alfd 
ornamented  with  Ionic  pilafters,  and  with 
the  arms  of  the  State,  and  of  the  United 
States,  placed  in  oppofite  pannels  :  it  is 
accommodated  with  a  g.diery  for  pubHc 
life.  The  Council  chamber  is  on  the  op- 
pofite  quarter  of  the  building ;  it  is  27 
feet  fquare,  and  20  high,  with  a  flat  ceil- 
ing; the  wails  are  finilhed  -fivith  Corinth- 
ian pilafters  and  pannels  of  ftucco  ;  thefc 
pannels  arc  enriched  with  the  State  Arms, 
with  emblems  of  Executive  Power,  the 
fcale  and  fword  of  Juftice,  and  the  infignia 
of  Arts  and  Freedom,  the  Caduceus  and 
Cap  of  Liberty-  The  whole  decorated 
with  wreaths  of  oak  and  laurel.  Befide 
thefe  principal  rooms,  there  are  about  20 
fmaller,  plainly  finiflied  for  the  ufe  of 
committees.  The  fbairs  are  fpaciotrs,  and 
two  flights  of  them  lead  to  the  top  of  the 
outer  dome,  170  fleps  from  the  founda- 
tion. This  flight  aff^brds  an  uninterrupted 
view  of  one  of  the  flnefl  fcenes  in  nature. 
Indeed  the  beauty  and  advantages  of  this 
fituation  which  induced  the  Legifiature 
to  make  choice  of  it  for  the  prefent  build- 
ing, arc  acknowledged  by  both  natives 
and  foreigners.  It  vies  with  the  moft  pic- 
turefque  fcenes  in  Europe,  and  will  bear 
comparifon  with  the  Caflle  Hill  of  Edin- 
burgh, the  famous  bay  of  Naples,  or  any 
other  moft  commanding  profpect.  The 
foundation  of  this  building  is  abotit  lOO 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  harbour  ;  its 
elevation  and  fize,  make  it  a  very  con- 
fpicuous  object.  It  is  about  60  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  Mall,  and  from  this  iitu- 
ation  appears  to  moft  advantage.  The 
Market  Place,  in  which  Faneuil  Hall  io 
fituated,  is  fupplied  with  all  kinds  of  pro- 
vifions  which  the  country  affords.  The 
f  fli  market  in  particular,  by  the  bounte- 
ous fupplies  of  the  ocean  and  rivers,  not 
only  furni flies  the  rich  with  the  rarefl 
produ«5tions,  but  often  providers  the  poor 
with  a  cheap  and  grateful  repaft.  Bofl-on 
harbour  is  formed  by  Point  Alderton  on 
the  S,  ?nd  by  Nahant  Point  on  the  N. 
The  harbour  is  capacious  enough  for  500 
veJTels  to  ride  at  ancherin  good  depth  of 


water  ;  whllfl:  the  entrance  is  fo  narfow 
as  fcurcely  to  admit  two  fliipa  abreafl.  It 
is  variegated  with  about  40  iflands,  of 
which  15  only  can  be  properly  called  fo  ; 
the  others  being  fmall  rocks  or  banks  of 
fand,  nightly  covered  with  verdure.  Thefe 
idands  afFord  excellent  pafturage,  hay  and 
grain,  and  are  agreeable  places  of  refort 
in  fummer  to  parties  of  pleafure.  Fort 
Independence,  on  Caflle  Ifland,  formerly 
Caftle  William,  is  about  3  miles  E  of  Bof- 
ton,  is  a  very  ftrong  fortrefs,  lately  built 
by  the  government  of  the  U.  States,  at  31 
great  expenfe,  and  defends  Bofton  har- 
bour. '1  his  fort  is  fufticiently  manned 
for  a  peace  eftablifliment.  The  light 
Houfe  ftands  on  a  fmall  iHand  on  the  N 
entrance  of  the  channel,  (Point  Aldertort 
and  Nantafliet  Heights  being  on  the  S) 
and  is  about  65  feet  high.  To  fleer  for 
it  from  Cape  Cod,  the  courfe  is  W  N  W 
when  within  one  league  of  the  Cape  ; 
from  Cape  Cod  to  the  Light  Houfe  is 
about  16  leagues  ;  from  Cape  Ann  the 
courfe  is  S  W,  diflant  re  leagues-  A  can- 
non  is  lodged  and  mounted  at  the  Light 
Houfe  to  anfvvcr  fignals.  Only  feven  of 
the  iflands  in  the  bay  are  within  the  ju- 
rifdiclion  of  thp  town,  and  taxed  with  it, 
viz.  Noddle's,  Hog,  Long,  Deer,  Spedtacle, 
Governor's,  and  Apple  Iflands.  The 
wharfes  and  quays  in  Boflon  are  about 
80  in  number,  and  very  con\'enient  for 
veflels.  Long  Wharf,  or  Bofton  Pier,  in 
particular,  extends  from  the  bottom  of 
State  fl:rect  1743  feet  into  the  harbour  in, 
a  ftraig.ht  line.  The  breadth  is  104  feet. 
At  the  end  af  e  1 7  feet  of  water  at  ebb  tide. 
Adjoining  to  this  wharf  on  the  N  is  a 
convenient  wharf  called  Minot's  T,  from 
the  name  of  its  former  proprietor  and  its 
form.  Veflels  are  fupplied  here  with 
freflii  water  from  a  veil  furroundcd  by 
fait  water,  which  has  been  dug  at  a  great 
expenfe.  Long  Wharf  is  covered  on  the 
N  flde  with  large  and  commodious  flores, 
feveral  of  which  are  fire  proof,  and  in 
every  refpecSt  exceeds  any  thing  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  States.  A  company, 
incorporated  for  the  purpofe  in  i'-()f>f 
have  cut  a  canal,  on  the  E  flde  of  Bofton 
neck,  connedling  the  harbour  of  Eoflon, 
with  Roxbury.  The  view  of  the  town, 
as  it  is  approached  from  the  fea,  is  truly 
beautiful  and  picTturefque.  It  lies  in  a 
circular  and  pleafingly  irregiiinr  form 
round  the  harbour,  and  is  ornamented 
with  fpircs,  above  which  the  monument 
of  Beacon  Hill  rifes,  which  is  now,  how- 
ever, overtopped  by  the  new  State  Houfe. 

On 


BOS 


BOS 


On  the  bafe  of  the  monument  are  iiifcrlp- 
tions,  commemorating  fome  of  the  moft 
remarkable  events  of  the  late  -var.  Beacon 
Hill  is  the  highefl  ground  on  the  peninfula, 
and  affords  a  moft  delightful  and  extenfive 
profpedt.  The  common  below  it  contains 
about  45  acres  always  open  to  refrefhing 
breezes ;  on  its  eaft  fide  is  the  Mall,  a  very 
pleafant  walk  above  500  yards  in  length, 
adorned  with  rows  of  trees,  to  which  an 
addition  of  about,  lOO  yards  has  been  late- 
ly made.  Charles  River  and  Weft  Bofton 
bridges  arc  highly  ufeful  and  ornamental 
to  Bofton  ;  and  both  are  on  Charles  Riv- 
er, which  mingles  its  waters  with  thofe  of 
Myftic  River  in  Bofton  harbour  Charles 
River  bridge  connects  Bofton  with  Charlef- 
town  in  Middle fex  county,  and  is  1503 
feet  long,  42  feet  broad,  ftands  on  75  piers, 
and  coft  the  fubfcribers  50,000  dollars. 
It  was  opened  June  19, 1787. 

Feet  long. 
Weft  Bofton  bridge  ftands  on  1 80 

piers,  is  3483 

Bridge  over  the  gore,  14  piers,  a 75 

Abutment  Bofton  fide,  Sj-k 

Caufeway,  3344 

Diftance  from  the  end  of  the  Caufa- 

way  to  Cambridge  meeting  houfe,  7810 
Width  of  the  Bridge,  '  40 

This  bridge  exceeds  the  other  as  much 
in  elegance  as  in  length,  and  coft  the  fub- 
fcribers 76,700  dollars.  Both  bridges 
have  draws  for  the  admiftion  of  veflels, 
and  lamps  for  the  benefit  of  evening  pafl- 
engers.  Seven  Free  Schools  are  fupport- 
ed  here  at  th-e  public  expenfe,  in  which 
the  children  of  every  clafs  of  citizens  may 
freely  affociate  together.  The  number 
f/f  fcholars  is  computed  at  about  900,  of 
which  160  are  taught  Latin,  &c.  There 
are  befide  thefe  many  private  fchools. 
The  principal  focieties  in  the  Com.mon- 
wealth  hold  their  meetings  in  this  town, 
and  are,  the  Marine  Society,  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Maftachu- 
fetts  Agricultural  Society,  MaiTachufetts 
Charitable  Society,Bofton  Epifcopal  Chafr- 
itable  Society,  Malfachufetts  Hiftorical 
Society,  Society  for  propagating  the  Gof- 
pel,  MaiTachufetts  Congregational  Society, 
Medical  Society,  Humane  Society,  Bofton 
Library  Society,  Bofton  Mechanic  AfTocia- 
tion,CharitableFireSociety,and  MaiTachu- 
fetts Miffionary  Society.  The  foreign  and 
domeftlc  trade  of  Bofton  is  very  considera- 
ble, to  fupport  which  there  are'  four  Banks, 
viz,  the  Branch  of  the  United  States  Bank, 
the  Union  Bank,  the  MaiTachufetts  Bank, 
and  the  Bofton  Bank.  The  Maflachufetts 
Vol,  I.  G 


Bank  confifts  of  800  fliares  of  500  dollars, 
equal  to  400,000;  the  capital  of  the  Union 
Bank  is,  1,200,000  dollars,  400,000  of 
which  is  the  property  of  the  State.  In 
1748,  500  veflels  cleared  out  of  this  port 
for,  and  430  were  entered  from,  foreign 
parts.  In  1 7  84,  the  entries  of  foreign  and 
coafting  veflels  were  372,  and  the  clear- 
ances 450.  In  1794,  the  entries  from 
foreign  ports  were  567.  In  1795,  thefe 
entries  amounted  to  725,  of  which  the 
fliips  were  96,  barques  3,  fnows  9,  polacre 
I,  bri.gs  185,  dogger  i,  fchooners  362, 
fliallop  I,  and  Hoops  65  ;  the  number 
lince  has  much  increafed.  The  principal 
manufadlures  coniift  of  rum,  loaf  fugar, 
beer,  failcloth,  cordage,  wool  and  cotton 
cards,  playing  cards,  pot  and  pearl  allies, 
paper  hangings,  hats,  plate  glafs,  tobacco, 
and  chocolate.  There  are  thirty  diftiller- 
ies,  two  breweries,  eight  fugar  houfes,  and 
eleven  ropewalks.  In  the  year  1789,  the 
intercourfe  v.ith  the  country  barely  re- 
quired two  ftages  acd  tM'^elve  hcrfes,  on 
the  great  road  between  this  and  New  Ha- 
ven. In  1797,  there  A',  ere  twenty  carriag- 
es and  one  hundred  horfes  em.ployed.  1  he 
number  of  the  diftbrent  ftages  that  run 
through  the  week  frcri  this  town,  was,  at 
the  above  period,  upv-nrds  of  20,eightyears 
before  there  ^vere only  three.  The  number 
has  lince  confiderably  increafed.  Attempts 
have  been  made  to  cliange  the  govern- 
ment of  the  tor,  n  frcn.  'its  prefent  torm  to 
that  of  a  city  ;  but  this  meafure,  not  ac- 
cording v/ith  the  deijocratic  fpirit  of  the 
people,  has  as  yet  failed.  At  an  annual 
meeting  in  March,  cine  Sele<rimen  are 
chofen  for  the  goveniment  of  the  town  ; 
at  the  fame  time  are  chofen  a  Tow  n  Clerk, 
a  Treafurer,  12  Overfeers  of  the  Poor, 
twenty-four  Firevrards,  twelve  Clerks  of 
the  A'larket,  twelve  Scavengers,  twelve 
Conftables,  befide  a  numb'  r  of  other  offi- 
cers. If  the  inhabitants  do  not  reap  all 
the  advantages  they  have  a  right  to  ex- 
petSt  from  their  num.rrous  officers,  it  is 
not  for  want  of  whclefome  la\\  s  for  the 
regulation  of  the  weights,  meafures  and 
quality  of  provilions  or  other  branches  of 
police,  but,  h^caufe  the  laivs  are  not  pit  in 
exeLidicn.  Befide  thole  called  Trained 
Bands,  there  are  four  other  military  com- 
panies in  Bofton,  viz.  the  Ancient  and 
Honourable  Artillery  Company,  the  Ca- 
dets, Fufiliers,  and  Artillery.  The  Ancient 
and  Honourable  Artillery  Company  was 
incorporated  in  1638,  and  the  eledion 
of  a  captain  and  officers  of  it  for  the  year 
is  on  the  firft  Tvlonday  in  June  annually, 

which 


BOU 


B  O  Y 


which  is  obferved  here  as  a  day  of  feftlvl- 
ty.  Several  officers  in  the  American  army, 
who  fignalized  themfelves  in  the  late  war, 
received  their  iirft  knowledge  of  tacSlics  in 
this  military,  fchool.  Bofton  was  fettled 
as  early  as  1631,  from  Char  left  own  :  it 
was  called  Shaumut  by  the  Indians ; 
Trimountainbythe  fettlersinCharleftown, 
from  the  view  of  its  three  hills  ;  and  had 
its  preient  name  in  token  of  refpe<5l  to 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Cotton,  a  minifter  of  Bofton 
in  England,  and  afterwards  minifter  of  the 
firft  church  here.  Bofton  was  greatly 
damaged  by  an  earthquake  in  Odlober  29, 
1727,  and  lince  that  time  has  fuSered  fe- 
verely  by  numerous  fires,  the  houfes  being 
moftly  built  of  wood.  The  laft  large  fire 
happened  July  30, 1794,  and  confumed  96 
houfes,  ropewalks,  &c.  and  the  account  of 
lofles  given  in  by  the  fufferers  amounted 
209,861  dollars.  It  was  in  Bofton  that 
the  Revolution  origlrrated  which  gave  in- 
dependence to  America,  and  thence  flew 
like  an  eledtrical  fhock  throughout  the 
Union.  It  furred  much  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  war,  by  she  lofs  of  an  exten- 
five  trade,  and  other  calamities.  Bofton 
feels  a  pride  in  hrjving  given  birth  to 
Benjarmn  Franklin,  tnd  a  number  of  oth- 
er patriots,  who  were  among  the  moft  ac- 
tive and  influential  characters  in  effedling 
the  revolution.  Gre  it  improvements  have 
been  made  in  the  tlreets,  buildings,  and 
police  of  this  town,  within  a  few  years. 

Bojlon  Corner,  a  tradl  of  land  adjoining 
Mount  Wafliington,  Eerkfliire  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  containing  67  inhabitants. 

Bojlon,  Neiv,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborovgh 
CO.  N.  Hampfhire,  12  miles  S  W  by  W 
from  Amufkeag  Fal;^;  60  miles  Wof  Portf- 
mouth,  and  a  like  diftance  N  W  of  Bofton. 
Bojlivkks,  a  poft  town  in  Stokes  co.  N. 
Carolina,  290  miles,  from  Wafhington. 

Botetourt,  a  eo.  in  Virginia,  W  of  the 
Blue  Ridge.  It  i?  44  miles  long  and  40 
broad.  In  this  co.  chalk  is  found.  It  con- 
tains 8482  free  i inhabitants,  and  1343 
ilaves.  Its  chief  town  is  Fincaftle,  from 
which  the  Sweet  Springs  are  25  miles. 

Bottlchill,  a  vilUge  in  Somerfet  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  2  miles  N  W  from  Chatham,  and 
I J  N  W  of  Elizabethtown. 

Boudoir,  Le,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean:,  S  lat.  17  52,  W  Ion.  from  Paris,  15 
115,  difcovered  April  2,  1768,  by  Bougan- 
ville.  This  ifland,  the  year  before  had  been 
dlfcovered  by  Wallis,and  named  Ofnaburg. 
The  natives  call  it  Maitea,  according  to 
the  report  of  Capt.  Cook,  who  vifited  it 
in  1769.    Quiros  diicovered  this  ifland  ia 


1 60 6,  and  called  it  la  Dezana.  See  Ofnahir^^ 

Bouganmlle  s  Straits,  are  at  the  N  W  end 
of  the  ifles  of  Solomon. 

Bcugic  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Carolina, 
betv.'een  Core  Sound  and  Little  Inlet. 

Boundbrook,  a  village  in  Somerfet  co^ 
N.  Jerfey,  on  the  N  bank  of  Rariton  River, 
about  10  or  12  miles N of  Brunfwick. 

Bourbon,  Fort,  in  the  ifland  of  Mai  tinico. 

Bourbon  Co.  in  Kentucky,  between  Lick- 
ing and  Kentucky  rivers,  contains  12,356 
inhabitants,  including  1994  flaves.  The 
land  produces^  wheat,  30,  or  2>5  bufliels^ 
upon  an  acre,  corn  about  50.  Hemp 
grows  well.     Chief  town  Paris. 

Bourbon,  a  CO.  laid  out  and  organized  in 
the  year  1 785,  by  the  State  of  Georgia,  in 
the  S  W  corner  of  the  State,  on  the  Mifli- 
fippi,  including  the  Natchez  country. 
The  laws  of  Georgia  were  never  carried 
into  effecSt  in  this  co.  and  it  was  under  the 
jurifdiction  of  the.  Spaniards  from  their 
conqueft  of  this  part  of  the  country  in 
1780,  till  it  was  given  up  to  the  United 
States  by  the  treaty  of  1795. 

Bcw,  is  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  on  tlie  W  bank  of  Merri- 
mack R.  a  Httle  S.  of  Concord. 

Boivdoin,  a  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co^ 
Maine,  on  the  N  eaftern  bank  of  Andro- 
fcoggin  R.  diftant  from  York,  N  eafterly, 
36  miles,  and  from  the  mouth  of  Kenne- 
beck  R.  6  miles,  and  166  N  E  of  Bofton. 
It  contains  1260  inhabitants. 

Boivdainham,  a  townlhip  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  feparated  from  Pownalborough  E, 
and  Woolwich  S  E,  by  Kennebeck  R.  It 
has  792  inhabitants,  15  miles N  W  from 
Wifcaffet. 

Boivling  Green,  a  village  in  Virginia,  on 
the  poft  road,  2'z  miles  S  of  Frederickf- 
burg,  48  N  of  Richmond,  and  25  N  of 
Hanover  court  houfe.  A  poft  office  is 
kept  here,  84  miles  from  Wafliington, 
fouthward.  There  is  another  town  or 
village  of  this  name,  in  Warren  co.  Ken- 
tuckey,  where  is  a  poft  office,  808  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Bo'wers^  Sulphur  Springs,  are  in  Bath  CO. 
Virginia,  291  miles  from  Wafhington.  A 
poft  office  is  kept  here. 

Boxborough,  a  town  in  Middlefex  co. 
Mafiachufetts,  containing  387  inhabitants; 
30  milesN  W  from  Bofton. 

Boxford,  a  fmall  town  in  EfTex  co. 
Mafiachufetts,  having  852  inhabitants.  It 
lies  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Merrimack  R.  14 
miles  S  W  of  Newburyport.  In  the  fouth- 
ernmoft  of  its  two  parifhes  is  a  bloomery. 
JBoylJlorii  a  townfuip  iu  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufettif 


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?/tai^achufetts,  havbig  1058  inhabitants; 
7  iTiiles  N  E  of  Worcefter,  and  42  N  W  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1786, 
having  been  a  parifli  of  Shrewfbury  lince 
1 742;  and  contains  by furvey,  14,396  acres 
of  land,  well  watered,  and  of  a  rich  foil. 
Bozrah,  a  town  in  New  London  co.  Con- 
nedticut,  formerly  a  parifli  in  the  town  of 
Norwich,  36  miles  E  from  Hartford. 

Bracken,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  contain- 
ing 2382  inhabitants. 

Braddoch''s  Field,  the  place  where  Gen. 
Braddock,  Avith  the  firft  divifion  of  his 
army,  confifling  of  1400  men,  fell  into  an 
ambufcade  of  400  men,  chiefly  Indians, 
by  whom  he  was  defeated  and  mortally 
wounded,  July  9,  i755-_  The  American 
militia,  who  were  difdainfully  turned  in 
the  rear,  continued  unbroken,  and  ferved 
as  a  rear  guard,  and,  under  Col.  Wafliing- 
ton,  the  late  Prefident  of  the  U.  S.  A.  pre- 
ferved  the  regulars  from  being  entirely  cut 
off.  It  is  fituated  on  Turtle  Creek,  on 
the  N  E  bank  of  Monongahela  R.  6  miles 
E  S  E  from  Pittfburg. 

Braddoclis  Bay,  on  the  S  fide  of  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  GenelTee  river. 

Bradford,  Eajl,  and  IVeJi,  are  townfhips 
in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  EiTei  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  on  the  S  fide  of  Merrimack  R. 
oppofite  Haverhill,  10  miles  W  of  Newbu- 
ryport.  It  has  two  pariflies,  and  1420 
inhabitants.  Quantities  of  leather  flioes 
are  made  here  for  exportation ;  and  in 
the  lower  parilli  fome  velTels  are  built. 
Several  Ilreams  fall  into  the  Merrimack 
from  this  town,  which  fupport  a  number 
of  mills  of  v^arious  kinds. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborongh 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  1760  ; 
20  miles  E  of  Charleftown. 

Bradford,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  Connedlicut  R. 
about  2Gk  miles  above  Dartmouth  College. 
There  is  a  remarkable  ledge  of  rocks  in 
this  townfaip,.  as  much  as  200  feet  high. 
It  appears  to  hang  over,  and  threaten  the 
traveller  as  he  pafles.  The  fpace  between 
this  ledge  and  ConnecTticut  River  is  fcarce- 
ly  wide  enough  for  a  road. 

Braga,  Hay  now  Fort  Dauphin,  in  the 
Ifland  of  Cuba. 

Bralntree,  a  townfiiip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, lies  30  miles  N  E  of  Rutland.  It 
joins  Kingfton  weflward,  Randolph  on  the 
caftward,  and  contains  SZ^  inhabitants. 

Bralntree,  one  of  the  mod  ancient  town- 
ships in  Norfolk  co  in  the  flate  of  Maffa- 
<;hwfetts,  was  fettled  in  162J,  and  then 


called  Mount  Woolajlon,  from  the  name  of 
its  founder.  It  Ues  on  a  bay,  8  miles  E  of 
S  from  Bofion,  and  contains  1285  inhab- 
itants. Great  quantities  of  granite  flones 
are  fent  to  Bofton  and  other  places  from 
this  town  for  fale.  The  bav  abound^ 
with  fifli  and  fea  fowl,  and  particularly 
brants.  This  town  is  noted  for  having 
produced,  in  former  and  latter  times,  the 
firfl:  charadters  both  in  church  and  ftate; 
and,  in  diftant  ages  will  derive  no  fmall 
degree  of  fame,  for  having  given  birth  to 
John  Adams,  the  firft  Vice-Prefident, 
and  the  fecond  Prefident  of  the  United 
States  of  America  j  a  man  highly  diftin- 
guiflied  for  his  patriotifm,  as  a  citizen  ; 
his  juftice,  integrity,  and  talents,  as  a  law- 
yer ;  his  profound  and  extenfive  erudi- 
tion, as  a  writer  ;  and  his  difcernment, 
firmnefs,  and  fuccefs,  as  a  foreign  minifter 
and  ftatefman. 

Braintrec,  Neiu,  a  town  itl  the  CO.  of 
Worcefter,  between  Rutland  or  Oakham, 
on  the  E,  ar.d  Haidwick  on  the  W,  21 
miles  N  W  of  V^^orcefter.  It  has  875  in- 
habitants. 

Bralntrem,  a  pcft  town  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania,  303  miles  from  Wafliington. 
Branco  de  Malairbo,  a  to\Yn  in  the  prov- 
ince of  St.  Martha,  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.  It  is  a  place  of  great  trade,  and 
feated  on  the  river  Magdalen,  75  miles  N 
of  Carthagena,  and  is  a  Biftiop's  fee.  It  has 
a  good  harbour.  Nlat.  11  /jO,W  Ion.  75  30. 
Brandon,  a  harbour  on  the  N  fide  of 
Long  Ifland,  N.  York,  9  miles  V\^  of  Smith- 
town,  and  the  fame  diftance  from  Hamp- 
ftead  Plain. 

Brandon,  a  poft  town  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  fituated  on  both  fides  of  Otter 
Creek,  containing  1075  inhabitants,  and 
is  about  1 2  miles  northerly  from  Rutland. 
Here  Brandon  Creek  empties  into  Otter 
Creek  from  the  N  E. 

Brandy  Pots,?irc  ifles  fo  calledin  the  fiver 
St.  Lawrence,  40  leagues  below  Quebec,  a 
little  W  of  the  mouth  of  Saguenay  river. 
Brandyiiim  Creel-,  falls  into  Chriftiana 
Creek  from  the  northward,  at  Wilming- 
ton, in  Delaware  ftate,  about  25  miles 
from  its  N  and  N  weftern  fources,  which 
both  rife  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 
This  Creek  is  famous  for  a  bloody  battle, 
fought  Sept.  II',  1777,  between  the  Britifh 
and  Americans,  which  lafted  nearly  the 
whole  day,  and  the  latter  were  defeated- 
with  confiderable  lofs.  It  was  fought  at 
Chadds  Ford,  and  in  the  neighbourhood 
of,  and  on,  the  ftrong  grounds  at  Birming- 
ham  church.     See  Ddaiuare^  for  an  ac- 

oucnt 


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count  of  the  celebrated  mills  on  this<:reek. 
Br.indytvine,  a  townfhip  in  Chefler  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Bra.'tford,  a  townfliip  in  N.  Haven  co. 
Connedlicut,  conlideraWe  for  its  iron 
works.  It  lies  on  the  S  fide  of  a  river  of 
the  farns  name,  which  runs  into  Long  Ifl- 
and  Sound,  lo  miles  ii  from  N.  Haven, 
and  40  S  of  Hartford. 

Brants''  Village^  On  Grand  river.  See 
JMuhu'iuk  y'tllage, 

Brafs  d'Or,  Called  alfo  Labrador,  a  lake 
which  forms  into  arms  and  branches,  in 
the  iiland  of  Cape  Breton,  or  Sidney,  and 
opens  an  eafy  communication  with  all 
parts  of  the  ifland.     See  Breton,  Cape. 

Brafs  IJlund,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
illands,  fituated  near  the  N  W  end  of  St. 
Thomas's  Iiland,  on  which  it  is  dependent. 
Brafs  Toxvn,  in  the  flate  of  Teneflee,  is 
fituated  on  the  head  waters  of  Hiwaffce 
R.  about  100  miles  foutherly  from  Knox- 
vllle.  Two  miles  S  from  this  town  is  the 
Enchanted  JMounta'in,  much  famed  for  the  ! 
curiofities  on  its  rocks.  See  Enchanted 
Mountain.  \ 

Brattlchoraiigh,  a  poft  town,  in  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  having  1867  inhabitants  ;  on 
the  W  bank  of  Connecticut  R.  about  40  ; 
miles  E  of  Bennington,   61  N  of  Spring-   ; 
field,    in   MaflachufettSj   and   455    from 
Waibjington.     N  lat.  42  52.  j 

Brazil,  or  Brnfil,  comprehends   all  the 
Portugiiefe  fettlements  in  America,  and  is 
fituated  between  the  equator  and  35  S  lat. 
and  b^t^veen  is  ^"tl  60  W  Ion.  and  is  in 
length  2500,  and  in  breadth    700  miles. 
Bounded  by  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ama- 
zon, and  the  Atlantic  ocean,  on  the  N,  by 
the  fame  ocean  on  the  E  ;  by  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Plata,  S  ;  and  by  morafles, 
lakes,    torrents,    rivers,   and    mountains, 
which  feparate  it  from  Amazonia  and  the 
Spanifl-i  pofTeflions  on  the  W.     It  has  three 
grand   divilions.     I.  The  northei"n   con- 
tains 8  provinces  or  captainfliips,  viz.  Pa- 
ra, Marignan,  Siara,  Petagues,  Rio  Grande, 
Payraba,  Tamara,  and   Pernambuco.     2. 
The  middle  divifion  ;  5  captaintbips,  vij^. 
Seregippe,  Bahia,  or  the  Bay  of  All  Saints, 
Iflieos,  Porto  Seguro,  and  Spirito  Sancco. 
3.  The  fouthern  dlvilion  ;  3  captainfliips, 
viz.  Rio  Janeiro,  St.  Vincent,  and  Del  Rey. 
The  number  of  confidcrable  cities  are  16  ; 
of  thefe  St.  Salvadore,  in  the   Bay  of  Ail 
Saints,  is  the  chief,  and  is  the  capital  of 
Brazil;  thefecondinrankisRio  dc  Janeiro. 
On  the  coaft  are  three  fmall  iflands  where 
{liips  touch  for  provifions  on  their  voyage 
to  the  South  Seas,  viz.  Fernando,  St.  Bar- 


haro,  and  St.  Catharines.     The  bays,  har- 
bours, and  rivers,  are  the  harbours  of  Per- 
nambuco, All  Saints,   Porto  Seguro,  ths 
port  and  harbour  of  Rio  de  Jaiieiro,  the 
port  of  St,  Vincent,  the  harbour  ox  St.  Ga- 
briel, and  the  port  of  St.  Salvadore,  on  the 
N  fliore  of  the  river  La  Plata.     The  cli- 
mate   of   Brazil  is  temperate  and  mild, 
when  compared  with  that  of  Africa  ;  ow- 
I  ing  chiefly  to  the  refrefliing  wind,  which 
I   blows  continually  from  the  fea.     The  air 
is  not  only  cool,  but  chilly  during    the 
I  night,  fo   that  the  natives  kindle   a  fire 
every  evening  in  their  huts.     The  rivers 
in  this   country  annually  overflow  their 
banks,  and  like  the  Nile  leave  a  fort  of 
flime  upon  the  lands  ;  and  the  foil   is  in 
many  places  amazingly  rich.     The  vege- 
table productions  are,  Indian  corn,  fugar 
canes,  tobacco,  indigo,  balfam,  ipecacuan- 
ha, brazil  wood.     The  laft  is  of  a  red  col- 
our, hard  and  dry  ;  and  is  chiefly  ufed  in 
dying,  but  not  th^  red  of  the  bed  kind. 
Here  Is  alfo  the  yellow  fuftic,  of  ufe  in 
dying   yellow,  and  a    beautiful   kind    of 
fpeckled   wood   ui'ed    in    cabinet    work. 
Here  are  five  different  forts  of  palm  trees, 
j  curious  ebony,  and  a  great  variety  of  cot- 
i  ton  trees.    This  country  abounds  in  horn- 
ed cattle,  which  arc  hunted  for  their  hides 
only,  20,000  being  fent  annually  to   Eu- 
rope.    There  is   great   plenty   of  deers, 
hares,  and  other  game.     Befide  the  beafls 
common  in  the  neighbouring  parts  of  the 
continent,  are  janouveras,  and  a  fierce  an- 
imal fomewhat  like  a  greyhound,  the  topi- 
raffou,  a  creature  between  a  bull  and  an 
afs,  but  without  horns,  and  entirely  harm- 
lefs,  the  flefh  is  very  good,   and   has  the 
flavour  of   be?f.     The  remarkable  birds 
are    the  humming    bird  ;    the    lanklma, 
fometimes  called  the  unicorn  bird,  from 
its  having  a  horn,  2  or  3  inches  long,  grow- 
ing out  of  Its  forehead  ;  the  guira,  famous 
for  changing  its  colour   often,  being  firft 
black,  then  afli  coloured,  next  white,  after- 
wards   fcarlet,   and  la  ft  of  all    crimfon  ; 
which  colours  grow  deeper  and  richer  the 
longer  the  bird  lives.     Of  fifli,  there   is 
one  called  the  globe  fifli,  fo   called  from 
its  form,  which  is  fo  befet  with  fpikcs  like 
a  hedgehog,  that  it  bids  defiance  to  all  fiili 
of  prey.     Brazil  breeds  a  variety  of  feri- 
pents  and   venomous    creatures,    among 
which  are  the  Indiaji   faiamander,  a  four 
Ifjgged   InfeiSt,  whofe  fling  is  mortal  ;  the 
ibivaboca,  a  fpecies   of  ferpent   about  7 
yards  long,  and  half  a  yard  in  circumfer- 
ence, whofe  poifon  Is  inflantaneoufly  fa- 
tal;  the  rattle  fnake  attains  there  an  enor- 
mous 


BRA 


BRE 


mous  f^'Ze ;  the  liboyd  or  roebuck  Inake. 
which  authors  fay  are  capable  of  fwallow- 
ing  a  roebuck  whole  with  his  horns,  being 
between  20  and  30  feet  in  length  and  6 
feet  in  circumference.  'J "here  is  a  num- 
berlefs  variety  of  fowl,  wild  and  tame  in 
this  country.  The  trade  of  Brazil  is  very 
j>;reat,  and  increafes  every  year.  They 
import  as  many  as  40,000  negroes  annual- 
ly. The  exports  of  Brazil  are  diamonds, 
gold,  fugar,  tobacco,  hides,  drugs  and  med- 
icines ;  and  they  receive  in  return,  wool- 
len goods  of  all  kinds,  hnens,  laces,  lilks, 
hats,  lead,  tin,  pewter,  copper,  iron,  beef, 
and  cheefe.  They  alfo  receive  from  Ma- 
deira, a  great  quantity  of  wine,  vinegar 
and  brandy  ;  and  from  the  Azores, 
£25,000  worth  of  other  liquors.  The 
gold  and  diamond  mines  are  but  a  recent 
difcovery ;  they  were  firft  opened  in  1681, 
and  have  fince  yielded  above  5,000,000 
flerling  annually,  of  which  a  fifth  part  be- 
longs to  the  crown.  Thefe,  with  tlie  fugar 
plantations,  occupy  fo  many  hands,  that 
agriculture  lies  negle<51:ed,  and  Brazil  de- 
pends upon  Europe  for  its  daily  bread  ; 
although  before  the  difcovery  of  thefe 
mines,  the  foil  was  found  very  fufficient 
for  fubfifting  the  inhabitants.  Tlie  dia- 
monds here  are  neither  fo  hard,  nor  fo 
dear  as  thofe  of  the  E.  Indies,  neither  do 
they  fparkle  fo  much,  but  they  are  whiter. 
I'he  BraziHan  diamonds  are  fold  10  per 
cent  cheaper  than  the  oriental  ones,  fup- 
pofing  the  weights  to  be  equal.  The 
crown  revenue  arifing  from  this  colony, 
amounts  annually  to  2,000,000  fterling  in 
gold,  if  fome  late  writers  are  to  be  credit- 
ed, betide  the  duties  and  cufloms  on  mer- 
chandife  imported '  from  that  quarter. 
This  indeed,  is  more  than  a  fifrh  of  the 
precious  metal  produced  by  the  m.ines  ; 
but  every  other  confequent  advantage 
confidered,  it  probably  does  not  much  ex- 
ceed the  truth.  The  Portuguefe  here 
live  in  the  mofl  effeminate  luxury.  When 
people  appear  abroad  they  are  carried  in 
a  kind  of  cotton  hammocks,  called  ferpen- 
tines,  wiiich  are  borne  on  negroes'  flioul- 
ders  :  fimilar  to  palanquins  in  India.  The 
portrait  drawn  of  the  manners,  cuftoms, 
and  morals  of  that  nation,  in  America,  by 
judicious  travellers,  is  very  far  from  being 
favourable.  The  native  Brazilians  are 
about  the  fize  of  the  Europeans,  but  not 
fo  ftout.  They  are  fubjedt  to  fev/er  dif- 
tempers  and  are  long  lived.  They  wear 
no  clothing  ;  the  women  wear  their  hair 
extremely  long,  the  men  cat  their's  fliort  ; 
the  women  wear  bracelets  qf  boaes  of  a 


beautiful  white  ;  the  men  necklaces  of  the 
fame;  the  women  paint  their  faces,and  the 
m.en  their  bodies.  Though  the  king  of 
Portugal,  as  grand  mailer  of  the  Order  of 
Chriil,  be  folely  in  poiTelTion  of  the  titles, 
and  though  the  produce  of  the  crufadei 
belongs  entirely  to  him  ;  yet  in  this  exten- 
iive  country,  fix  bilhopricks  have  been 
fucceflively  founded,  which  acknowledge 
for  their  fuperior,  tlie  archbifliop  of  Bo- 
hia;  whichi'eewase{lablifliedini55a.  On- 
ly half  of  the  16  captainfliips,  into  which 
the  country  is  divided,  belong  to  the 
crown  ;  the  others  being  fiefs  made  over 
to  fome  of  the  nobility,  who  do  little  more 
than  acknowledge  the  fovereignty  of  the 
king  of  Portugal.  The  Portuguefe  dif- 
covered  this  country  in  1500,  but  did  not 
plant  it  till  the  year  1549,  when  they  took 
pofl"eflion  of  All  Saints  Bay,  and  built  the 
city  of  St.  Salvadore.  The  Dutch  invad- 
ed Brazil  in  1623,  and  fubdued  the  north- 
ei-n  provinces  ;  but  the  Portuguefe  agreed 
in  1661,  to  pay  the  Dutch  8  tons  of  gold, 
to  reiinquiiia  their  interelt  in  this  country, 
which  was  accepted  ;  and  the  Portuguefe 
remained  in  peaceable  poffeflion  of  Brazil, 
till  about  the  end  of  1762;  when  the 
Spaniili  governor  of  Buenos  Ayres,  hear- 
ing of  a  v^^ar  betv.'cen  Portugal  and  Spain, 
took,  after  a  month's  liege,  the  Portuguefe 
frontier  fortrefs,  St.  Sacrament ;  but  by 
the  treaty  of  peace  it  was  reftored. 

Breahieck  Hill,  oppofite  Butter  hill,  at 
the  northern  entrance  of  the  highlands,  in 
Hudfon  R.  about  60  miles  N  of  N.  York. 
On  the  S  iide  of  this  hill,  about  half  the 
diftance  as  you  afv^^nd  it,  the  rocks  are  fo 
lituated  as  to  give  the  fpedlator  a  tolerable 
idea  of  a  human  face,  with  a  nofc,  mouth 
and  double  chin,  but  without  a  forehead. 
On  the  nofe  grows  a  tree  of  confiderable 
lize,  which  has  the  appearance  only  of  a 
flirub. 

Breckenridge,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 758  inhabitants,  38  of  them  are 
blacks.  The  court  houfe,  where  a  poft 
officeiskept,is  700  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Brecknock,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafler  co. 
Pennfylvania.  It  is  watered  by  Muddy 
and  Corabio  Creeks,  and  has  744  inhab-. 
itants. 

Breme,  a  cape  which  form.s  the  S  eaflern 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  Oroonoke  R.  oppofite 
Cape  Araya,  in  S.  America. 

B rent 01)^ s  Reef,  about  3  miles  from  New-» 
port,  is  tlie  fouthernmofl:  point  of  Rhode 
Illand,  about  2  miles  E  of  Beaver  Tail. 
Thefe  two  points  form  the  mouth  of  New- 
port harbour. 

BretiUvoocf'f 


BRE 


BRE 


BrenitvoiJ,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
«o.  N.  Hampfliire,  having  899  inhabit- 
ants ;  diftant  7  miles  W  from  Exeter,  and 
^2  from  Portfmouth.  Vitriol  is  found 
here,  combined  in  the  fame  Aone  with 
fulphur. 

Breton,  Cape.  The  ifland,  or  rather  col- 
lecStion  of  i/lands,  called  by  the  French 
Les  Ifles  dg  Madame,  which  lies  fo  contigu- 
ous as  that  they  are  commonly  called  but 
one,  and  conjpreliended  under  the  name 
of  the  Ifiand  of  Cape  Breton,  lies  betweei^ 
iat.  45  a8,  and  47  N,  and  between  S9  44> 
and  61  ap  W  Ion.  and  about  45  leagues  to 
the  eaftward  of  Halifax.  It  is  about  109 
miles  in  length,  and  from  ao  to  84  in 
breadth  ;  and  is  feparated  from  Nova 
Scotia,  by  a  narrow  flrait,  called  the  Gut 
t)f  Canfo,  which  is  the  communication  be- 
tween the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  It  is  furrounded  with  lit- 
tle fliarp  pointed  rocks,  feparated  from 
each  other  by  the  waves,  above  which 
fomc  of  their  tops  are  vifible,  and  inter- 
fecSbed  with  lakes  and  rivers.  The  great 
Brafs  d'Or  is  a  very  extenfive  fheet  of 
v/atcr  which  forms  into  arms  and  branches, 
and  opens  an  eafy  communication  with 
all  parts  of  the  ifland.  All  its  harbours 
are  open  to  the  eaft,  turning  towards  the 
fouth.  On  the  other  parts  of  the  coad 
there  are  but  a  few  anchoring  places  for 
fmall  veflels,  in  creeks,  or  between  iflets. 
The  harbour  of  St.  Peter's,  at  the  W  end 
of -the  ifland,  is  a  very  commodious  place 
for  carrying  on  the  fifhery.  This  ifland 
was  conlidered  as  annexed  to  Nova  Scotia 
in  refpedt  to  matters  of  government  till 
1784,  when  it  was  ere^led  into  a  fepar- 
atc  government  by  the  name  of  Sydney. 
There  is  a  great  proportion  of  arable 
]ind  on  this  ifland;  and  it  abounds  in 
timber  and  hard  wood,  fuch  as  pine, 
beach,  birch,  maple,  fpruce,  and  fir.  Here 
are  about  1000  inhabitants,  who  have  a 
lieutenant  governor  refident  among  them, 
jippointed  by  the  king.  Ifle  Madame, 
which  is  an  appendage  to  this  govern- 
ment, is  fettled  for  the  mod  part  with 
French  Acadians,  about  50  families; whofe 
chief  employment  is  the  fifhery  at  Afli- 
inot,  the  principal  harbour  in  this  little 
ifland.  The  principal  towns  are  Sydney, 
the  capital,  a^d  Louilburg,  which  has  the 
bcft  harbour  in  the  ifland.  The  prefent 
feat  of  government  is  at  Sr<'mirn  river,  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  ifland.  This  ifland  may 
be  confidered  as  the  key  to  Canada,  and 
the  very  valuable  fifhery  in  its  neighbour- 
hood  depends   for  its  protc>^'.ca  on  the 


poffeflion  of  this  ifland  ;  as  no  nation  cam 
carry  it  on  without  fome  convenient  har- 
bour of  ftrength  to  fupply  and  protedl  it, 
and  Louifburg  is  the  principal   one   for 
thefe  purpofes.     The  peltry  trade  was  ev- 
er a  very  inconfiderable  objetft.     It  con- 
filled  only  in  the  flcins  of  a  few   lynxes, 
elks,  mulk  rats,  wild  cats,   bears,  otters, 
and  foxes,  both  of  a  red,  filver,  and  grey 
colour.     Some   of  thefe    were    procured 
from  a  colony  of  Micmac   Indians,  who 
had  fettled  on  the  ifland  with  the  French, 
and  never  could  raife  more  than  60  men 
able  to  bear  arms.     The  reft:  came  from 
St.   John's,   or    the    neighbouring    conti- 
nent.    Greater  advantages  are  now  de- 
rived from    the    coal   mines    which  are 
lltuated  near  the  entrance  of  the  harbour, 
I  the  working  of  which,  and  t'ne  fifliery,  are 
j  the  chief  employment  of  the  inhabitants. 
They  lie  in  a  horizontal   diredtion  ;  and 
being  no  more  than  6  or  8  feet  below  the 
furface,  may  be  worked  without  digging 
deep,  or  draining  off  the  waters.     Not- 
withftanding  the  prodigious  demand   for 
this  coal  from  N.  England,  from  the  year 
1745  to  1749,  thefe  mines  would   proba- 
bly have  been  forfaken,  had  not  the  fhips 
which  were  fent  cut  to  the  French  iflands 
wanted   ballafl.     In  one  of  thefe  mines,  a 
fire  has  been  kindled,  which  could  never 
yet  be  extinguillied.     Thefe  mines   yield 
a    revenue    of    jria,ooo    yearly    to'  the 
crown.     In  1743,  w:hile  this  ifland  belong- 
ed to  the  French,  they  caught  1,149,000 
quintals  of  dry  fifli,  and  3,500,000  do.  of 
mud  fifli,  the  value  of  both  which,  includ- 
ing 3,116^  tons  of  train   oil,  drawn  from 
the  blubber,  amounted  to  £()i6,S']7  lo/" 
flerhng,  according  to  the  prime  coft  of  the 
fifii  at  Newfoundland.     The  whole  value 
of  this    trade,  annually,  at    that  period, 
amounted  to  a  million   fterling.     No  lefs 
than  564  fliips,  bcfide  fliallops,  and  27,000 
feamen,  were  employed  in  this  trade.     At 
prefent  the  inhabitants  of  this  ifland  take 
about  30,000  quintals  of  fith,  annually, 
which  are    fliipped   for   Spain   and   the 
Straits,  principally   by   merchants  from 
Jcrfey   (in    England)  who    yearly   refort 
here,  and  keep  fk)res  of  fuppiics   for   the 
fiiliermen.     Though  fome  fifliermen  had 
long  rcfcrted  to  this  iJland  every  fr.mmer, 
the  French,  who  took  poffeflion^of  it   in 
Auguft,  1713,  were  properly  the  firfl  fet- 
tled inhabitants.     They  changed  its  name 
into   that    oi  JJli;  Royak,  and    fixed  upon 
Forf  Dauphin    for  their  principal    fettle- 
ment.     In  1720,  t'ne  fortifications  of  Lcu- 
ifourg  were   begun.     Th^   other   fettle- 
men  ts 


BRI 


BRl 


mcnts  were  at  Port  Touloufe,  Neruka,  &c. 
The  ifland  remained  in  the  poiiefllon  of 
the  French  till  1745,  when  it  was  captur- 
ed by  the  N.  England  militia  under  the 
command  of  William  Pepperell,  Efq.  a 
colonel  of  the  militiaj  and  a  fquadron  un- 
der commodore  Warren.  It  v/as  i;ifter- 
wards  reftored  to  the  French,  and  again 
taken  in  1758,  by  admiral  Bofcawen  and 
general  Amherft,  when  the  garrifon,  con- 
lifting  of  5600  men,  were  made  prifoners  ; 
and  II  men  of  war  in  the  harbour,  were 
either  taken,  funk,  burnt  or  deftroyed  ; 
and  it  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain  by  the 
peace  of  176.3. 

Breiver,  a  ftrait  in  the  Magellanic  fea, 
about  the  ifland  called  Staten  Land,  Avhich 
parts  it  from  the  ftraits  Le  Maire.  It  was 
difcovered  by  the  Dutch  navigator  Brew- 
er, about  the  year  1643. 

Brezvcrs  Ha-jen,  a  good  harbour,  at  the 
N  end  of  the  iiland  of  Chiloe,  on  the  coafl: 
of  Chili,  in  S.  America,  and  in  the  S.  Sea. 
Lat.  4%  30,  Ion.  74  W. 

BrcLvhigton  Fort,  N.  York,  and  at  the 
W  end  of  Lake  Oneida,  about  24  miles  S 
E  from  Fort  Of w ego. 

Briar  Crrek,  a  water  of  Savannah  R.  in 
Georgia.  Its  mouth  is  about  50  miles  S  E 
by  S  from  Augufta,  and  55  N  wefterly 
from  Savannah.  Here  Gen.  Prevoft  de- 
feated a  party  of  aooo  American?,  under 
Gen.  Afli,  May  3,  1779  ;  they  had  above 
300  killed  and  taken,  befide  a  great  num- 
ber drov/ned  in  the  river  and  fwamps. 
The  whole  artillery,  baggage  and  ftores 
were  taken. 

Bridgeport,  a  thriving  village  between 
Stratford  and  Fairfield,  in  Fairfield  co. 
ConnetSlicut,  where  a  poll:  office  is  kept, 
304  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Bridgetoivn,  a  poft  town  In  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  40  miles  N  W  Portland,  E  of 
Fryeburg.  It  contains  646  inhabitants. 
Bridgetown  confifts  of  large  hills  and  val- 
iles  :  the  highland  affords  red  oak,  which 
are  often  3  feet,  and  fometimes  four,  in  di- 
ameter ;  and  60  or  70  feet  without  any 
branches.  The  vailies  are  covered  with 
rock  maple,  bafs,  afli,  birch,  pine  and  hem- 
lock. There  is  a  curiofity  to  be  feen  in 
Long  Pond,  which  lies  moftly  in  Bridge- 
town, which  may  afford  matter  of  fpecu- 
lation  to  the  natural  philofopher.  On  the 
eaflerly  fide  of  the  pond  is  a  cove  which 
extends  about  ico  rods  farther  E  than  the 
general  courfe  of  the  fliore,  the  bottom  Is 
clay,  and  fo  flioal  that  a  man  may  wade 
50  rods  into  the  pond.  On  tlie  bottom  of 
this  cove  are  ftones  of  various  fizes,  wliich, 


it  is  evident  from  various  circumflancei^ 
have  an  annual  motion  to\\  ards  the  fliore  j 
the  proof  of  this  is  the  mark  or  track  left 
behind  them,  and  the  bodies  of  clay  driv- 
en up  before  them.  Some  of  thefe  ftone* 
are  %  or  3  tons  weight,  and  have  left  a 
track  of  ieveral  rods  behind  them  ;  hav- 
ing at  lead:  a  common  cart  load  of  clay- 
before  them.  The  fliore  of  the  cove  is 
lined  with  thefe  ftones,  which,  it  would 
feem,  have  crawled  out  of  the  water.  See 
Sebago  Pond. 

Bridgsto-zvn,  a  poH:  town  in  Kent  co.  Ma- 
ryland, izo  miles  N  E  from  Wafliington, 
and  45  E  of  Baltimore,  on  the  E  line  ©f 
the  State. 

Bridgetaivn,  the  chief  town  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  N.  Jerfey,  lies  on  both  fides  Co- 
hanzie  Creek,  7,0  miles  from  its  mouth  ; 
veffels  of  1 00  tons  can  come  up  here.  It 
is  .50  miles  S  S  E  of  Philadelphia,  80  S  bj 
E  from  Tx-enton. 

Bridgetoivn,  IV,  a.  pofl  town  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  N.  Jerfey,  on  Cohanzie  Creek,  ^S 
miles  S  of  Philadelphia,  and  185  front 
Wafliington. 

Bridgetoivn,  a  poft  town  in  Queen  Ann 
CO.  Maryland,  lies  on  the  weilern  fide  of 
Tuckahoe  Creek,  8  miles  E  from  Centre- 
ville,  as  far  S  E  from  Church  Hill,  and  65 
S  W  from  Philadelphia. 

Bridgetoivn,  in  the  ifland  of  Antlg^ua, 
See  Willoughby  Bay. 

Bridgetoivn,  the  metropolis  of  the  ifland 
of  Barbadoes,  in  the  W.  Indies,  lying  in 
the  S  W  part  of  the  illand,  and  in  the  par- 
ifli  of  St.  Michael.  It  is  fituated  in  the 
innermoft  part  of  Carlifle  bay,  which  is 
large  enough  to  contain  5C0  lliips,  being 
i|  league  long  and  one  broad ;  but  the 
bottom  is  foul  and  apt  to  cut  the  cables. 
This  city  was  burnt  down  April  18, 
1668.  Itfuffered  alio  greatly  by  fires  on 
Feb.  8,  1756,  May  14,  1766,  and  Dec. 
a7,  1 767,  at  which  times  the  greateft  part 
of  the  tov/n  v/as  deflroyed  ;  before  thefe 
fires  it  had  1500  houfes,  moftly  brick,  very 
elegant,  and  faid  to  be  the  finefl  and  larg- 
efc  in  all  the  Caribbee  illands  ;  the  town 
has  lince  been  rebuilt-  The  flreets  are 
broad,  the  houfes  high,  and  there  is  alfo 
a  Cheapfide,  where  the  rents  are  as  high 
as  thole  in  London.  It  has  a  college, 
founded,  and  liberally  endowed  by  Col. 
Codrington,  the  only  inftitution  of  the 
kind  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  but  it  does  not 
appear  that  its  fuccefs  has  anfwered  the 
defigns  of  the  founder.  The  town  h;is 
commodious  wharves  for  loading  and  un- 
loading goods,  aad  is-  well  defended  by  a 

number 


feki 


Bki 


number  efforts  ;  but  it  is  I'cry  fubjeA  to 
hurricanes.  As  the  wind  generally  blows 
from  the  E  or  N  E,  the  E  part  of  the  town 
Is  called  the  windward,  and  the  W  part 
leeward.  TJhe  number  of  militia  for 
Bridgetown  and  St.  Michael's  pi-ecinc^  is 
1200  men,  who  are  called  the  royal  regi- 
ment of  foot  guards.  This  is  the  feat  of 
the  governor,  council,  aflcmbly,  and  court 
of  chancery.  About  a  mile  from  town  to 
the  N  K  the  governor  has  a  fine  feat  built 
/  by  the   a/Tenibly,  called   Pilgrhus.     The 

church  is  as  large  as  many  cathedrals,  has 
a  noble  organ,  and  a  ring  of  bells,  with  a 
curious  clock.  Here  are  large  and  elegant 
taverns,  eating  houfes,  &c.  and  packet 
boats  have  lately  been  edabliflied  to  carry 
letters  to  and  from  Great  Britain  mmithly. 
N  lat.  13  91  W  Ion.  60  %h  This  was 
the  ftate  of  the  capital  of  Barbadoes  in 
the  fummer  of  1780.  It  had  fcarcely  rifen 
from  the  afnes  to  which  it  had  been  redu- 
ced by  the  dreadful  fires  already  mention- 
ed, when  it  was  torn  from  its  foundations, 
a«d  the  whole  country  made  a  fcene  of 
defolation,  by  the  ftorm  of  the  10th  of  061. 
1780,  in  which  above  4000  of  the  inhabit- 
ants miferably  periflied  ;  the  force  of  the 
■wind  was  then  fo  great,  as  not  only  to 
blow  down  the  flrongefl:  walls,  but  even 
lifted  fome  pieces  of  cannon  off  the  ram- 
p-Mls  and  carry  them  fome  yards  dift- 
ancc  ;  and  the  damage  to  the  country  in 
general  was  eftimated  at  £  1,320,504-15 
fterling,  and  it  is  fcarcely  yet  reflored  to 
its  former  fplendor. 

Bridg^eivoter,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  1769,  and 
contains  664  inhabitants. 

Bridgcivater,  a  townfliip  in  Somerfet  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  which  contained  in  1790,  2578 
inhabitants. 

Bricf'-eivater^  a  pofl:  town  in  Plymouth 
CO.  Maffachufetts,  containing  5200  in- 
habitants ;  5  miles  N  E  from'Raynham  ; 
about  30  miles  E  of  S  from  Bofton,  in 
which  large  quantities  of  hard  ware,  nails, 
&c.  aremanufaAured. 

Bridgezvater,  a  townfliip  in  "VVindfor  co. 
Vermont,  about  S5  miles  N  E  of  Benning- 
ton. It  has  two  rcKgious  focieties,  one 
baptiO:,  one  congregational.  It  has  one 
griftmill,  one  fulling  mill,and  fix  faw  mills. 
It  is  watered  by  Quechy  river  and  its 
branches.  A  quarry  of  marble,  and  a  bed 
of  iron  ore  have  been  found  here.  It  has 
780  inhabitants,  and  was  incorporated 
1785- 

Bndport,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  E  lliore  of  Lake  Ckamplain, 


oppofite  Crown  Point,  and  W  of  Middle- 
bury. 

Briery  R.  a  fmall  ftream  which  runs  into 
the  Appomatox,  in  Prince  Edward  co. 
Virginia. 

Brigantitie  Inlet,  on  the  coafc  of  N.  Jerfey, 
between  Great  and  Little  Egg  Harbour. 

Brhnfield,  a  townfliip  ill  Hamplliire  co. 
MalTachufetts,  having  1384  inhabitants  ; 
34  miles  S  E  of  Nortfiampton,  and  70  W 
of  Bo  Ron. 

BrioH  JJle,  one  of  the  Magdalene  mara- 
time  ifics  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Brijlol,  a  poiUown  in  Lincolnco.  Maine, 
having  206 2  inhabitants  ;  diftant  204  iniies 
N  E  from  Bofton,  and  15  S  E  of  WifcafTet. 

Brifol,  a  county  in  the  fouthern  part  of 
Maffachufetts,  E  of  a  part  of  the  ftate  of 
Rhode  ifland.  It  has  15  towafhips,  of 
which  Taunton  is  the  chief;  and  33,830 
inhabitants.  The  great  fachem  Phillip 
refided  here  ;  [fee  Raynham'] ;  and  it  was 
called  by  the  Indians  Patvkunnaiviutt ; 
from,  which  the  nation  derived  the  name  ; 
but  were  lometimes  ftyled  the  Wamponoags. 

Brijiol  Co.  in  Rhode  Ifland,  contains  the 
townlliips  of  Briltol,  Warren,  and  Bar- 
rington  ;  having  3801  inhabitants.  It  has 
Briilol  CO.  in  Maffachufetts,  on  the  N  E, 
and  Mount  Hope  bay  E. 

Brijhl,  a  feaport  aild  pcft  town,  and 
chief  of  the  above  county.  It  is  about  3 
miles  from  the  N  end  of  Rhode  I.  connect- 
ed by  a  ferry  about  half  a  mile  broad  :  1 3 
:  miles  northerly  from  Newport,  24  S  E 
from  Providence,  and  63  from  Bofton. 
Briftol  fulTered  greatly  by  tlie  ravages  of 
the  late  war  ;  but  is  now  in  a  very  flour- 
ifliing  xiate,  having  1678  inhabitants.  It 
is  beautiful  for  iituation,  healthful  climate, 
rich  foil,  and  a  commodious,  fafe  harbour. 
Onions,  in  confiderable  quantities,  and  a 
variety  of  provifions  and  garden  roots  and 
vegetables  are  raifed  here  for  exportation. 
N  lat.  40  40. 

Brijiol,  a  townfliip  in  Plartford  co.  Con- 
nedlicut,  16  miles  W  of  the  city  of 
Hartford. 

BriJlol,  a  pofl:  town  in  Bucks  ccw  Penn- 
fylvania,  1 1  miles  S  S  E  from  Newtown, 
and  20  N  E  from  Philadelphia.  It  Hands 
on  Delaware  R.  oppofite  Burlington,  in  N. 
Jerfey  ;  and  has  about  50  or  60  houfes. 
It  is  a  great  tlioroughfare,  and  is  noted 
for  its  mills  of  feveral  kinds. 

BriJlol,  a  townfliip   in   Philadelphia  co. 

Briftol,  a  fmall  town  in  Charles  co. 
Maryland. 

BriJlol,  a  pcil:  town  in  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, 10  miks  E  of  Vergeni:es. 

Brifoh 


BRI 


#    B  R  I 


Br'f.ol,  a  town  in  Schoharie  co.  N.York, 
About  20  miles  S  of  Schoharie  ;  incorpo- 
rated in  1797. 

BrijM  Bay, on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. Amer- 
ica, is  formed  bv  the  peninfula  of  Alaflca 
on  the  S  and  S  E,  and  by  Cape  Newnham 
on  the  N ;  and  is  very  broad  and  capa- 
cious. A  river  of  the  fame  name  runs  in- 
to it  from  the  E. 

Britain,  Neiv.  The  country  lying  round 
Hadfon  bay,  or  the  country  of  the  Efqui- 
maux,  comprehending  I-,abrador,  New 
North  and  South  Wales,  lias  obtained  tiie 
general  name  of  New  Britain,  and  is  at- 
tached to  the  government  of  l^ower  Can- 
ada. A  fuperintendant  of  trade,  appoint- 
ed by  the  governor  general  of  tiie  four 
Britifli  provinces,  and  r^fponfible  to  liim, 
refides  at  Labrador.  The  principal  rivers 
which  water  this  countrj'-,  are  the  Wager, 
Monk,  Seal,  Pockerekefko,  Churchill, 
Nelfon,  Hayes,  New  Severn,  Albany  and 
Moofe  rivers,  all  which  empty  into  Hud- 
fon  and  James'  bay,  from  t!ie  W  and  S. 
The  mouths  of  all  the  rivers  are  filled 
with  llioals,  except  Churchill's,  in  which 
the  largeO:  fliips  may  lie  ;  but  ten  miles 
higher  the  channel  is  obftructed  by  fand 
banks.  All  the  rivers,  as  far  as  they  have 
been  explored,  are  full  of  rapids  and  cat- 
aracfls,  from  10  to  60  feet  perpendicular, 
Down  thefe  rivers  the  Indian  traders  find 
a  quick  pafiage  ;  but  their  return  is  a  la- 
bour of  many  months.  Copper  Mine, 
and  Mc  Kennies  rivers,  fall  into  tlie  N. 
Sea.  As  far  inland  as  the  Hudfon  Bay 
company  have  fettlemcnts,  w^hich  is  600 
miles  to  the  weft  of  fort  Churchill,  at  a 
place  called  Hudfon  Houfe,  lat.  S2>^  !""• 
106  27  W  from  London,  is  flat  country; 
nor  is  it  known  how  far  to  the  eaftward, 
the  great  chain  feen  by  navigators  from 
the  Pacific  ocean,  branches  ofF.  From 
Moofe  river,  or  the  bottom  of  the  Bay, 
to  Cape  Churchill,  the  land  is  flat,  marfny 
and  wooded  with  pines,  birch,  larch  and 
willows.  From  Cape  Churchill,  to  Wag- 
er's river,  the  coafts  are  high  and  rocky 
to  the  very  fea,  and  woodlefs,  except  the 
mouths  of  Pockerekefko  and  Seal  rivers. 
The  hills  on  their  back  are  naked,  nor  are 
there  any  trees  for  a  great  diftance  inland. 
The  eaftern  coaft  is  barren,  paft  the  efforts 
of  cultiv^ation.  The  furface  is  every  where 
uneven,  and  covered  with  mjtfTes  of  ftone 
of  an  amazing  fize.  It  is  a  country  of 
barren  vallies  and  frightful-  mountains, 
fome  of  an  aftonifliing  height.  The  val- 
lies 3 re  full  of  lakes,  formed  not  of  f"p rings, 
\>uX.  rain  and  fhow,  fo  chilly  as  to  be  pro- 
VoL.  I.  H 


ducti ve  of  fmall  trout  and  a  few  ether  f./li. 
The  mountains  have  here  and  there  a 
blighted  flirub,  or  a  little  mofs.  1  he  val- 
lies are  full  of  crooked,  ilinted  trees,  pines, 
fir,  birch,  and  cedars,  or  rather  a  fpecies 
of  the  juniper.  In  lat.  60,  on  the-coaff, 
vegetation  ceafes.  The  whole  ihore,like 
that  on  the  weft,  is  faced  with  iJlands  at 
feme  diftance  fiom  land.  As  difmal  and 
frozen  as  thefe  regiouJ  are,  tliey  are  be- 
coming ftill  more  cold  and  intolerable. 
The  ferefts  here  are  furrounded  v/ith 
ftunvps  and  old  dead  trees  for  20  miles 
and  more.  The  fturdy  woods  bow  to  the 
ftorms  ;  the  winds  and  fnov/o  forbid  them 
to  rife.  There  was  an  intercourfe  be- 
tween Denmark  and  Greenland  from  the 
tenth  to  the  fifteenth  century,  when  the 
Greenlanders  became  imprifoncd  by  the 
increafe  of  arctic  ice.  Ihus  wliiie  other 
climes  are  becoming  more  mild,  the  north 
part  o'  N.  America  is  more  inholpitablc, 
and  frightful.  The  laudable  zeal  of  the 
Aloravian  clergy  induced  them,  in  the 
year  1752,  to  fend  mifhcnaries  ivcj\. 
Greenland  to  this  country.  I'liey  fixed 
on  Nefoit's  harbour  for  their  feitlement  ; 
but  of  the  fu-ft  party,  fome  of  them  were 
killed,  and  the  others  driven  away.  la 
1764,  under  the  proteAion  of  the  BritifTi 
government,  another  attempt  was  made. 
'Fhe  mifTionaries  were  well  received  by 
tjie  Efquimaux,  and  the  mifhon  goes  on 
with  fuccefs.  The  knowledge  oi  thefe 
northern  feas  and  countries  was  owing 
to  a  projecTt  ftarted  in  England  for  the  dif- 
covery  of  a  N  W  pafTage  to  China  and 
the  Eaft  Indies,  as  early  as  the  year  1756- 
Since  then  it  has  been  frequently  dropped 
and  as  often  revived,  but  never  yet  com- 
pleted. Frobiflier,  about  the  year  1576, 
difcovercd  the  Main  of  New  Britain,  or 
Terra  de  Labrador,  and  thofe  ftralts  to 
which  he  has  given  his  name.  In  1585, 
John  Davis  failed  from  Portfmouth,  and 
viev.-ed  tliat  ar  d  the  more  northern  coafts, 
but  he  feems  never  to  have  entered  the 
bay.  Hudfon  made  three  voyages  on  the 
fame  adventure,  the  firft  in  1607,  the 
fecond  in  1608,  and  his  third  and  laft  in 
1610.  This  bold  and  judicious  navigator 
entered  the  ftraits  that  lead  into  the  bay 
known  by  his  name,  coafted  a  great  pajt 
of  it,  and  penetrated  to  eighty  degreis 
and  a  half,  into  the  heart  of  tlje  frozen 
zone.  His  ardor  for  the  difcovery  not 
being  abated  by  the  difficulties  he  ftrug- 
gled  with  in  this  empire  of  winter,  and 
world  of  froft  and  fnow,  he  ftayed  here 
until  the  eniuing  fpring,  and  prepared,  in 

the. 


BRI 


B  RI 


iKe  beginning  of  i6n,  to  purfue  his  dif- 
coveries,but  his  crew,  who  fufFered  equal 
hardfliips,  without  the  famefpirit  tofup- 
port  them,  mutinied,  feizcd  upon  him  ajid 
fevcn  of  thofe  who  were  moft  faithful  to 
iiim,  and  committed  them  to  the  fury  of 
the  icy  fcas,  in  an  open  boat.  Hudfon 
and  his  companions  were  either  fwallow- 
td  up  by  the  waves,  or  gaining  the  inhof- 
pitablc  coall,  were  deftroyed  by  the  fav- 
ages  ;  but  the  fhip  and  tlie  reft  of  the 
men  returned  home.  Though  the  ad- 
venturers failed  in  the  original  purpofe 
for  which  they  navigated  Hudfon  bay, 
yet  the  proje(£t,  even  in  its  failure,  has 
been  of  great  advantage  to  England.  The 
vafl  countries  which  furround  Hudfon 
bay,  abound  with  animals,  whofe  fur  and 
ilcins  are  excellent,  fn  1670,  a  charter 
was  granted  to  the  Hudfon  bay  company, 
which  does  not  confift  of  above  9  or  10 
pcrfons,  for  the  excluuve  trade  to  this 
bay,  and  they  have  adled  under  it  ever 
fince,  with  great  benefit  to  the  individuals 
•who  compofe  the  company,  though  com- 
paratively with  little  advantage  to  Brit- 
ain. The  company  employ  4  fliips,  and 
130  feamen.  They  have  feveral  forts, 
viz.  Prince  of  Wales  fort,  Churchill  river, 
Nelfon,  New  Severn,  Albany,  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  bay,  and  are  garrifoned  by  186 
men.  The  French,  in  May,  178^,  took 
and  deftroj'cd  thefe  forts,  and'  the  fettle- 
ments,  &c.  faid  to  amount  to  the  value  of 
jr.500,000.  They  export  commodities  to 
the  value  of  £.16,000,  and  carry  hom.e 
returns  to  the  value  of  ;C-^9i340'  ^vhich 
yield  to  the  revenue  £.37^4.  This  in- 
cludes the  fifhery  in  Hudfon's  bay.  The 
only  attempt  to  trade  to  that  part  which 
is  called  Labrador,  has  been  directed  to- 
wards the  fifliery.  The  annual  produce 
of  the  fiiliery  amounts  to  upwards  of 
/^. 49,000.  See  E/qiumaux.  The  whole  of 
the  fettlements  in  New  Britain,  including 
fuch  as  have  been  mentioned,  are  as  fol- 
low, which  fee  under  their  refpedlive 
heads  :  Abbitibbi,  Frederick,  Eafl:  Main, 
and  Brunfwick  houfcs  ;  Moofe  fort ;  Hen- 
ley, Gloucefler,  and  Ofnaburg  houfes  ; 
and  a  houfe  on  Winnipeg  lake  ;  Severn, 
or  Nezv  Si'vern  ;  York  fort,  or  Nelfon  ; 
Churchills  fort,  or  Prince  of  Wales  fort  i 
South  Branch,  Hudfon's,  Mancheflcr,  and 
Buckingham  houfes  :  the  lafl  is  the  weft- 
crnmoft  fectlement,  and  lately  erecVed. 

Britain,  Ne-w,  a  large  ifland  in  the  Pa- 
cific ocean,  lying  N  E  of  Dampier's  ftraits, 
between  4  and  7  S  lat.  and  146  and  149 
E  Ion=  from  Paris.     Its  N  point  is  called 


Cape  Stephen's ;  its  E  point  Cape  Ox- 
ford ;  and  a  bay  about  the  middle  of  its 
eaftcrn  coaft,  is  called  Port  Montague. 
1  hefe  names  were  given  by  Capt.  Carte- 
ret, who  vifited  thjs  ifland  in  1767,  and. 
found  it  much  fmaller  than  wasfuppofed 
by  Dampier,  who  firft  difcoveredit  to  be 
an  ifland.  There  is  nothing  yet  difcov-r 
ered  peculiarly  difFercnt  in  its  produc- 
tions or  its  inhabitants,  from  thofe  of  the 
other  iflands  in  its  neighbourhood.  It  has 
the  appearance  of  a  mountainous  country, 
and  is  covered  with  large  and  ftattly  trees. 
It  is  furrounded  Avith  many  fertile  iflands, 
mcfl:  of  which  are  faid  to  yield  abundance 
of  plantain  and  cocoa  nut  trees. 

Britijb  America.  Under  the  general 
^ame  of  Britifb  America,  we  comprehend 
the  vafl  extent  of  country,  bounded  S  by 
the  United  States  of  America,  and  the 
Atlantic  ocean  ;  E  by  the  fame  ocean  and 
Davis's  flraits,  which  divide  it  from 
Greenland  ;  extending  N  to  the  northern 
limits  of  Hudfon  bay  charter ;  and  weft- 
ward  indefinitely;  lying  between  4^30 
and  70  N  lat.  and  between  50  and  96  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich.  Britifli  America  is 
divided  into  four  provinces,  viz.  i.  Upper 
Canada  ;  1.  Lower  Canada,  to  which  is 
annexed  New  Britain,  or  the  country  ly- 
ing round  Hudfon  bay,  and  the  ifland  of 
Cape  Breton  ;  which  ifland,  in  1784,  was 
formed  into  a  feparate  government  by 
the  name  of  Sydney.  3.  New  Brunfwick ; 
4.  Nova  Scotia,  to  which  is  annexed  the 
ifland  of  St.  John's.  Befide  thefe,  there 
is  the  ifland  of  Newfoundland,  which  is 
governed  by  the  admiral  for  the  time  be- 
ing, and  two  lieutenant  governors,  who 
relide  at  Placentia  and  St.  John's.  The 
troops  ftationed  at  Newfoundland,  how- 
ever, are  fubjedl  to  the  orders  of  the  gov- 
ernor general  of  the  four  BritiOi  prov- 
inces. The  number  of  people  in  the 
whole  of  the  northern  Britifli  colonies  is 
perhaps  160,000  or  i8o,oco.  Since  the 
four  provinces  have  been  put  under  a 
general  governor ;  the  governor  of  each 
is  ftyltd  lieutenant  governor.  I'he  reli- 
dencc  of  the  general  governor  is  at  Que- 
bec. The  river  St.  Lawrence  remains 
ufually  locked  up  ope  half  of  the  year  ; 
and  although,  in  1754,  it  was  confidently 
faid,  that  the  Britifli  provinces  would  be 
able  in  three  years  to  fupply  all  the  Wefi 
Indies  with  lumber  and  provifions,  yet  it 
was  found  necefTary  to  import  lumber  and 
provifions  into  Nov^  Scotia,  from  the  U. 
States.  Thus,  in  1790,  there  were  fliip- 
pcd  from  the  U.  S.  to  Nova  Scotia,  alone, 

1 4c  jOOC 


BRO 


BRO 


540,cco  ftavcs  and  heading;  924,980 feet 
of  hoards;  285,000  fhingles,  and  16,000 
hoops;  40,000  bbls.  of  bread  and  flour, 
and  80,000  bufhels  of  grain,  beyond  her 
own  confumption.  Newfoundland  fur- 
niflied  the  Britifli  W.  Indies  with  806,459 
quintals  of  iilli,  on  an  average  of  four 
years,  ending  with  1786.  The  only  pro- 
viftons  exported  to  Jamaica,  from  Canada, 
Nova  Scotia,  and  St.  John's,  between  3d 
of  April,  1 78J,  and  26th  of  October,  1784, 
Were  180  bulliels  of  potatoes,  and  751 
hhds.  and  about  500  bbls.  of  faked  fifli. 
Of  lumber,  the  quantity  was  510,088 
feet ;  20  bundles  of  hoops  ;  and  301,324 
fliingles  ;  and  on  an  average  of  5  years, 
from  1768  to  1772,  the  whole  exports  to 
Jamaica,  from  Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  and 
St.  John's,  w^ere  cmly  ;i7,  bbls  of  flour,  7 
hhds.  of  fifli,  8  bbls.  of  oil,  3  bbls  of  tar, 
pitch  and  turpentine  ;  36,000  flvingles 
and  ftaves,  and  27,235  feet  of  lumber. 
From  the  cuflom  houfe  returns  it  appears 
that  of  I2c8  cargoes  of  lumber  and  pro- 
vifions  imported  from  N.America, to  the 
Britifli  fugar  colonies,  in  1772,  only  7  of 
thofe  cargoes  were  from  Canada  and  Nova 
Scotia  ;  and  that  of  701  topfaii  veflcls  and 
1681  floops,  which  had  cleared  outwards 
from  N.America,  to  the  Britifli,  and  for- 
eign, W.  Indies,  only  2  of  the  topfaii  vef- 
fels,  and  11  of  the  floops  were  from  thefc 
provinces  :  and  it  has  been  proved,  that 
in  the  years  1779,  1780,  1781,  and  1782, 
the  fcarcity  in  Canada  had  been  fuch,  as 
to  occafion  the  export  of  all  bread,  wheat, 
and  flour,  to  be  prohibited  by  authority  ; 
and  in  1784,  when  a  parliamentary  in- 
quiry took  place  concerning  what  fupplies 
the  W.  Indies  might  expe6t  from  Canada 
and  Nova  Scotia,  a  fliip  in  the  river 
Thames  was  adlually  loading  with  flour 
for  Quebec.  Edivards. 

Broadalhin,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  a'uout  20  miles  W  of  Ball- 
town  Springs. 

Broad  Bay ^  in  Maine,  lies  on  the  line  of 
Lincoln  and  Hancock  counties,  bounded 
by  Pemaquid  Point  on  the  W,  and  Pieaf- 
anc  Point  on  the  E.  On  the  fliorc  of  this 
bay  was  an  ancient  Dutch  fettlement. 

Broadjleld,  a  port  town  in  Weflmoreland 
CO.  Virginia,  96  miles  from  Wafliington. 

BroadkilL  a  pofl:  town  in  Suflex  co.  Del- 
aware, 166  miles  from  Wafliingcon,  and 
about  10  N  of  Lewi  flown. 

Broad  Rimer y  is  an  arm  of  the  fea,  which 
extends  along  the  W  and  N  W  fldes  of 
Beaufort  or  Port  Royal  idand,  on  the 
coaft  of  S.  Carolina,  and  receives  Coofa 


from  the  N  W.  Coofa  R.  may  likewife 
be  called  an  arm  of  the  fea  ;  its  waters 
extend  N  weflward,  and  meet  thofe  of 
Broad  R.round  a  fmall  illand  at  the  mouth 
of  Coofa  Ha  tehee  R.  Thefe  two  arms 
embrace  all  the  iflands  between  Comba- 
hee  R.  and  Dawfuflcee  found,  with  which 
alfo  Broad  R.  communicates.  Channel, 
between  Broad  R.  and  Coofa  form  the 
i Hands  The  entrance  througli  Broad  R. 
to  Beaufort  harbour,  one  of  the  beft  in 
the  ftate,  is  between  Hilton's  Head  and 
St.  Phillips  point. 

Broad  River,  or  ChcrakeehaiVy3.  water  of 
Savannah  R.  from  the  Georgia  fldc.  It 
empties  into  the  Savannah  at  Petcrfburg. 
At  a  trifling  cxpenfc,  it  mJght  be  made 
boatable  25  or  30  miles  through  the  bcfl: 
fettlements  in  Willces  county. 

Broad  Riiier^  in  S.  Carolina,  rifcs  by  3 
branches  from  the  N  W,  viz.  the  Enno- 
ree,  Tiger,  and  Packolct  ;  which  unite 
about  40  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Saluda 
R.  which,  with  Broad  R.  forms  Congartc 
R.  Broad  R.  may  be  rendered  navigable 
30  miles  in  N..  Carolina. 

Broken  Arrciv-,  or  Clay  Catjla,  an  Indian 
town  in  the  Creek  country,  in  Weft  Flori- 
da, on  the  W  flde  of  Chata  Uche  R.  12 
miles  below  the  Cufiatah  and  Coweta 
towns,  where  the  river  is  fordablc.  See 
Cciieta,  and  Flint  R. 

Broo?nley,  a  townfliip  in  Bennington  co. 
Vermont,  about  32  miles  Neafterly  from 
Bennington.     It  has  71  inhabitants. 

Broomlcy,  a  town  in  Somerfet  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  about  20  miles  N  W  of  Brunfwick. 

Broolfeld,  a  poft  town  in  Worcefler  co. 
Maflachufetts,  is  among  the  firft  towns  as 
to  age,  wealth,  and  numbers,  in  the  coun- 
ty ;  containing  3284  inhabitanrs.  The 
gi-eat  poft  road  from  Bofton  to  N.  York 
runs  through  it.  It  is  64  miles  W  of  Bof- 
ton and  18  W  of  Worcefler.  The  Indian 
name  of  this  town  was  ^aboag.  The 
river  which  ftill  retains  the  name  pafTcs 
through  it ;  and,like  its  other  flreams  and 
ponds,  abounds  with  various  kinds  of  fifli. 
There  are  feveral  ponds  in  the  town,  3 
congregational  meeting  hcufes,  and  one 
for  Baptifts.  Here  is  iron  ore,  and  large 
quantities  of  flone  which  yield  copperas, 
and  have  a  flrong  vitriolic  quality.  This 
town  was  fettled  by  people  from  Ipfwich, 
in  1660,  and  v.-as  incorporated  in  1673. 
Brookfdd^  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, 20  miles  W  S  W  of  Newbury. 

Broolfeld,  a  town  in  Chenengo  co.  N. 
York;  it  has  1973  iuhaihitants,  25  miles  S 
of  Whitcflown. 

BrodHslJ. 


B  RO 


B  RO 


Brcolfield^s.  poft  town  in  Fairfield  co. 
Connecticut, 6  miles  N  N  E  fromDanbury. 
Broohfiddt  a  town  in  Eifex  co.  N.  York, 
taken  tro:n  the  S  part  of  Wiilfborough, 
fuuated  N  of  Elizribethtown,  on  the  W 
Lank  of  Lake  Champiain. 

BrGokincriony  a  poit  town  in  Amelia  co. 
Virginia,  182  miles  S  S  W  from  VValliing- 
ton. 

Brook,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  305  miles  from 
Wafliington.  It  has  4418  white  inhabit- 
ants and  288  blacks. 

Bronibaven,  a  pofl:  town  in  Suffolk  CO. 
Long  I.  N.  York,  containing  4122  inhab- 
itants. 'I'he  conipail  part  of  the  town 
contains  about  40  houfes,  an  Epifcopalian, 
arxd  a  Prefhyterian  cJiurch.  It  is  60  miles 
E  of  N.  York  ;  oppolite  N.  Kaven. 

Bi-joklinc,  a  [X)ft:  to\^n  in  Kings  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  W  end  of  Long  I.  having 
2378  inhabitants.  Here  are  an  Epifco- 
pal,  a  Dutch  Reformed  and  a  Metbodifl 
church  ;  a  ropewalk  on  a  large  fcale,  and 
the  moft  approved  machinery  ;  a  powder 
magazine,  and  f<)me  elegant  houfes, which 
He  chieflv  on  one  ftreet.  Eaft  R.  near  a 
mile  broad,  feparates  the  town  from  N. 
York.  It  is  well  fituated  for  fliip  build- 
ing, having  the  advantage  of  very  deep 
water  along  Its  fiiore.  Several  flilps  have 
been  built  here  ;  others  are  in  forward- 
nefs.  A  bloody  battle  was  fought  in  this 
town,  Aug.  27, 1 776,  vv^hen  the  Americans 
were  defeated  by  theliritiihwith  great  lofs. 

Brool'line,  a  poll  town  in  Wiixlham  co. 
Conne(fticut,  about  20  miles  N  of  Nor- 
wich. In  this  town  is  the  famous  cave  in 
which  Gen.  Putnam  fliot  the  wolf.  It  Is  a 
fertile  towntlaip,  has  a  congregatu)nal 
meeting  houfe,  and  a  church  for  Epifco- 
pa'ians.     Inhabitants  1202. 

BrGokl'ine,  a  town  in  Hillfborough  co.  N. 
HampfliIre,  65  miles  W  by  S  from  Portf- 
mouth. 

BrovU'mey  OT  Brooklyn ■,  a  pleafant  town  of 
Norfolk  CO.  Maflachufetts,  of  about  60  or 
70  families,  between  Cambridge  and  Rox- 
burV;  and  feparated  from  Bolton  on  the 
B  by  a  narrow  bay,  which  fets  up  S  from 
Charles  river,  and  peninfulates  Bolton. 
Large  quantities  of  fruits,  roots,  and  other 
vegetables  are  produced  in  this  town  for 
the  Bofton  market.  It  is  a  place  where 
gentlemen  of  fortune  and  information, 
retiring  from  public  life,  may  enjoy 
otium  cum dhn'itaU.     It  has  605  Inhabitants. 

Brook-ville,  H  poft  town  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Maryland,  20  miles  N  W  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

BrethertQ?},  an  Indian   vllbge    adjoining 


Ne\v  Stockbridge,  (N.  York)  inJiabltedby 
about  150  Indians,  who  migrated  froni 
diflerent  parts  of  Connc^Slicut,  under  the 
care  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Occum.  Thefc  In- 
dians receive  an  annuity  of  2160  dollars, 
which  fum  is  partly  appropriated  to  the 
purpofe  of  maintaining  a  fchool,  and  part- 
ly to  compenfate  a  fuperintendant,  to 
tranfacl:  their  bufincfs,  and  to  difpofe  of 
the  remainder  of  their  money  for  their 
benefit. 

Bi'otighton  JJland,  lies  at  the  mouth  of  AI- 
atamaha  R.  in  Georgia,  and  belonged  to 
the  late  Henry  Laurens,  Efq.  'J"he  S  chan- 
nel, after  its  feparation  from  the  N  dc- 
fcends  gently,  winding  by  Mclntofli's  and 
Broughton  il[iands,in  its  way  to  the  ocean 
through  St.  Simon's  found. 

Brozv/ifidJy  a  fmall  fcttlement  in  York 
CO.  Maine,  which,  together  with  Suncock, 
contains  250  inhabitants. 

Broivnjhur^,  a  tov/n  in  Rockbridge  co. 
Virginia,  containing  20  or  30  houfes  :  dif- 
tant  about  15  miles  from  Lexington  N  E, 
and  1 7  from  Staunton  S  W. 

Broiv.i's  Sound,  is  fituated  on  the  N  W 
ccaft  of  N.  America,  in  N  lat.  55  18,  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich  132  20.  Itwas  thus 
named  by  Capt.  Gray,  In  1791,  in  honour 
of  Samuel  Brown,  Efq.  of  Eoflon.  I'he 
lands  on  the  E  lide  of  this  found  are  tol- 
erably level ;  but  on  the  W  mountains  rife, 
whofe  fummits  out  top  the  clouds,  and 
whofe  wintry  garb  gives  them  a  dreary 
afpe(5t.  The  land  Is  well  timbered  with 
various  forts  of  pines»  The  animals  in  the 
vicinity  are  deer,  wolves,  fea  otters  and 
feals.  The  fifli — falmon,  halibut,  and  a 
fpecies  of  cod,  &c.  Ducks,  brants,  fliags, 
&c.  are  here  in  plenty  in  fununer. 

BroxvnfvUh,  a  poll  town  in  Oneida  co. 
N.  York,  on  Black  river,  N  bank,  near  its 
mouth  in  Lake  Ontario,  590  miles  from 
Walhington. 

Broivfifvillc,  or  Redjlone  Old  fori,  is  a 
flourilliing  poft  tcAvn  in  Fayette  co.  Penn- 
fylvania ;  on  the  S  eastern  bank  of  Mo- 
uongahela  R.  between  Dunlap  and  Red- 
ftone  creeks  ;  and  next  to  Pittiburg  is  th« 
molt  conliderable  town  in  the  weftern 
parts  of  the  itate.  The  town  is  regularly 
laid  out,  contains  about  ico  houfes,  aii 
Epifcopahan,  and  Roman  Catholic  churchy 
a  brev/ery  and  diitiilery.  It  Is  conneded 
with  Bridgeport,  a  fmall  village  on  the  op- 
polite  iide  of  Dunlap  creek,  by  a  bridge 
260  feet  long.  Witliin  a  few  miles  of  the 
town  are  4  Friend's  meeting  houfes,  24 
grilt,  faw,  oil,  and  fulling  mills.  The  trade 
and  emigration  ro  Kentucky,  employ  boat. 
V,  buildcrii 


BRU 


hRU 


iHiiiders  here  very  profitably  ;  above  lOO 
boats  of  20  tons  each,  are  built  annually. 
Byrd's  A^'ort  formerly  ftood  here,  on  tiie  S 
fide  of  the  ir^outh  of  Redllione  Creek,  in 
Nlat.  39  58,  W  Ion.  81  12^;  37  miles 
foutherly  from  Pittfburg  ;  13  S  by  E  of 
Wafliington,  and  341  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Broylc,  a  harbour,  cape,  aud  fettlement 
on  the  E  fide  of  Newfoundland  I.  15 
miles  N  E  from  the  fettlement  of  Aqua- 
fort,  and  30  S  wefterly  frum  St.  John's, 
the  capital. 

Bniiifiuich,  a  maritime  county  in  Wil- 
mington diflridt,  N.  Carolina,  containing 
4H0  inhabitants,  of  v/hom  1614  ^re  flaves. 
It  io  the  mofl  foutherly  county  of  the  flatc, 
having  S.  Carolina  on  the  S  W  and  bound- 
ed by  Cape  Fear  R.  on  the  E.  Smithville 
is  the  feat  of  juftlce.  In  this  county  is 
Wakkamaw  Lake,  a  beautiful  piece  of 
water  7  miles  long,  5  wide. 

Briinjivick^  the,!chief  town  in  the  above 
county,  fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  It  was  formerly  the  beft  built  in 
the  whole  ftate,  and  carried  on  the  mofi: 
extenlive  trade.  It  lies  30  miles  above 
the  capes-,  about  9  miks  N  of  Fort  John- 
Ion,  17  b  E  of  Wilmington,  and  was  for- 
merly the  feat  of  government.  In  1780, 
it  was  burnt  down  by  the  Britifli,  and  has 
now  only  3  or  4  houfes  and  an  elegant 
church  in  ruins. 

Brutif'wick,  a  townfliip  in  EfTex  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  Connecticut  R. 
oppofite  Stratford,  in  N.  Hampfliire. 

Briinfivkk,  a  city  in  Middlefex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Raritan  R.  in 
a  low  fituation  ;  the  mofl:  of  the  houfes  be- 
ing built  under  a  hill  which  rifes  W  of  the 
town.  It  has  about  300  houfes,  and  about 
3000  inhabitants,  one  half  of  whom  are 
Dutch.  Queen's  College  v/as  in  this  city, 
but  is  now  extinA  as  a  place  of  infiruc- 
tion.  There  is  a  confiderable  inland 
trade  carried  on  here.  One  of  the  mofl 
elegant  and  expenfive  bridges  in  America, 
has  been  built  over  the  river  oppofite  this 
city.  It  containi5  3  churches,  i  for  Epifco- 
palians,  i  for  the  reformed  Low  Dutch, 
I  for  the  Prefbyterians.  Erunfv/ick  is  18 
miles  N  E  of  Princetown,  60  N  E  from 
Philadelphia,  and  t^s  S  W  from  N.  York, 
N  lat.  40  30,  W  Ion.  74  30. 

Bruiififick^  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  contains  1809  inhabitants,  and 
lies  NE  of  Portland  30  miles,  and  of  Bol- 
ton 151.  It  is  in  N  lat.  43  5a,  on  the  S 
fide  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  and  partly 
on  the  S  weflern  fide  of  Androfcoggin  R. 
A  College  is  in  this  town  iii  a  flourifliing 


ftate,  under  a  prefident  and  a  profefTor  o? 
languages.  'I  lie  college  building  is  $^ 
feet  long,  40  wide,  3  ilories  high.  The 
funds  are  increafing  with  the  value  of 
land  in  this  diuricl.  The  legiflature  ha» 
given  6  tovvnlln'ps,  and  the  Hon.  J.  Bow- 
doin,  lands  and  money  to  the  amount  of 
10,000  dolls.  It  is  called  after  him,  ^cw- 
dobt  College. 

Brimfivick.,  a  pofl:  town  and  capital  of 
Glynn  co.  Georgia,  fituated  at  the  m.outh 
of  Turtle  R.  where  it  empties  into  St.  Si- 
mons found,  N  lat.  31  10.  It  has  a  faf»i 
harbour,  and  lutucieutly  capacious  to  con- 
tain a  large  fleet.  Although  there  is  a  bar 
at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour,  it  has 
depth  of  water  for  the  largefl:  fhip  that 
fwims.  The  tov/n  is  regularly  laid  out, 
but  not  yet  built.  From  its  advantageoufr 
fituation,  and  from  the  fertility  of  the- 
back  country,  it  promifes  to  be  one  of  the 
moft  commercial  and  fioiirifliing  places  ifi 
th.e  ftate.  It  lies  19  miles  S  of  Darienj  60 
S  S  W  from  Savannah,  no  S  E  from 
Louifville,  712  from  Wafliington. 

Brunfivich  Hot'fe,  one  of  the  Hudfon  Bav 
Company's  fettlements,  fituated  on  Moofe 
R.  half  way  from  its  mouth  ;  S  W  fronl 
James's  Bay,  and  N  E  from  Lake  Superior. 
N  lat.  50  30,  W  Ion.  82  30. 

Brimf'U'ick,  Nc-w,  one  of  the  four  Britifh 
provinces  in  N.  America,  is  bounded  on 
die  S  by  the  N  fliores  of  the  bay  of  Fun- 
dy,  and  by  the  river  Miffiqualli  to  its 
fource,  and  from  thence  by  a  due  E  line 
to  Verte  Bay  ;  and  on  the  W  by  a  line 
to  run  due  N  from  the  main  fource  of  St.  - 
Croix  R.  in  Paflamaquoddy,  to  the  higfi 
lands  which  divide  the  ftreams  which  fail 
into  xhe  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  Bay 
of  Fundy  ;  and  from  thence  by  the  fouth- 
ern  boundary  of  the  colony  of  Quebec 
until  it  touches  the  fea  fliore  at  the  weft- 
ern  extremity  of  the  bay  of  Chaleur  ;  then 
following  the  courfe  of  the  fea  flicre  to 
the  bay  of  Verte,  (in  the  ftraits  of  Nor- 
thumberland) until  it  meets  the  termina- 
tion of  the  eaftern  line  produced  from  the 
fource  of  the  Mifliquafli  abovcmentioned,. 
including  all  the  ifiands  within  the  faid 
limits.  The  chief  towns  are  St.  Jchn^Sy 
the  capital,  FredericLtoivn,  St.  Andreius,  and 
St.  Ann.,  the  prefent  feat  of  government. 
The  principal  rivers  are  St.  John's,  Mage- 
gadavick,  or  Eaftern  R.  Dickwaffet,  St. 
Croix,  Merimichi,  Petitcodiac,  Pvlemram- 
cook  ;  all,  the  3  laft  excepted,  empty  into 
Paflamaquoddy  Bay.  St.  John's  R.  opens 
a  vaft  extent  of  fine  country,  on  which 
arc  rich  intervales   and   me:;dcv/  lands  ; 

mcf> 


BUG 


BUE 


moft  of  which  are  fettled  and  under  im- 
provement. The  upland  is  in  general 
well  timbered.  The  trees  are  pine  and 
fpruce,  hemlock  and  hard  wood,  princi- 
pally beech,  birch,  maple,  and  fome  afli. 
The  pmes  on  St.  John's  R.  are  the  largefl: 
to  be  met  with  in  Britifh  America,  and 
afford  a  confiderable  fupply  of  mails  for 
the  royal  navy.  The  rivers  which  fall  in- 
to Pairamaquoddy  Bay,  have  intervales 
and  meadows  on  their  banks,  and  muil 
formerly  have  been  covered  with  a  large 
growth  of  timber  ;  as  the  remains  of  large 
trunks  are  yet  to  be  feen.  A  raging  lire 
palTed  through  that  country,  in  a  very  dry 
feafon,  according  to  Indian  accounts, 
50  years  ago,  and  fpread  deftrudlion  to  an 
Immenfe  extent.  For  other  particulars 
refpecting  this  province,  fee  the  articles 
feparately,  and  Nova  Scotia^  Brit'rjb  Ameri- 
ca^ &c. 

Brunfiuick  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  between 
Nottaway  and  Meherrin  rivers,  and  is 
about  38miles  long, and  35broad,and  con- 
tains 6917  free  inhabitants, and  942-1  flaves. 

Brutus,  a  military  townfliip  in  N.  York, 
through  which  runs  Seneca  R.  Here  the 
river  receives  the  waters  of  Owafco  L. 
from  the  S  E  through  the  towns  of  Aure- 
lius  and  Scipio.  Brutus  lies  1 1  miles  N  E 
from  the  N  end  of  Cayuaga  Lake,  and 
19  S  S  E  from  Lake  Ontario. 

Bryan,  a  CO.  in  Georgia,  adjoining  Chat- 
ham CO.  on  the  W  and  S  W.  It  contains 
2836  inhabitants,  2306  of  whom  are  flaves. 

BryanCs  Lick,  a  S  E  branch  of  Green  R. 
the  mouth  of  which  is  about  a;  miles  E 
of  Craigs  Fort,  and  10  E  of  Sulphur  Spring 
in  Mercer  co.  Kentucky. 

Buckjidd,  a  poit  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  48  miles  N  of  Portland.  It  has 
looz  Inhabitants. 

Buck  Harbour,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
lies  W  of  Machias. 

Buckingham  Houfc,  in  New  South  Wales, 
lies  N  weflerly  from  Kudfon  Houfe,  and 
ftands  on  the  northern  fide  of  Saflcafliaw- 
en  R.  near  its  fource,  and  is  the  weftern- 
moft  of  all  theHudfon  Bay  Company's  fet- 
tlements.     N  lat.  54,  W  Ion.  no  20. 

Buckingham,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded 
N  by  James'  R.  S  E  by  Cumberland,  S  W 
by  Campbell,  and  S  by  Appamattox  R. 
It  is  65  miles  long,  30  broad,  and  contains 
7053  free  inhabitants,  and  6336  flaves. 
Its  court  houfe, where  a  poft  office  is  kept, 
is  223  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Btickin^hamJInre,  a  county  in  tlie  dIftrIA 
of  Three  Rivers  in  L.  Canada,  on  the  S  fide 
of  St.  Lawrence  river. 


Brich  IJlarJ,  one  of  the  leffer  Virgin  Illes^ 
fituated  on  the  E  of  St.  Thomas,  in  St. 
James's  Paflage.  Lat.  1 8  1 5  N, Ion.  63  30  W. 

Biickland,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
MalTachufetts,  containing  164 1  inhabit- 
ants ;  106  miles  weftward  from  Boflon,  24 
N  W  of  Northampton. 

Buckland,  a  town  in  Prince  William  co. 
Virginia,  where  a  poft  office  is  eftablifhsd, 
42  miles  S  W  of  Wafliington. 

Bticklejlcwh,  in  Berkley  co.  Virginia,  is  a. 
village  8  miles  diftant  from  Martinlburg, 
and  250  from  Philadelphia. 

Bucks  Co.  in  Penrifylvania,  lies  N  N  E 
from  Philadelphia.  It  Is  feparated  from 
N.  Jerfey  by  Delaware  R.  on  the  S  E  and  N 
E  and  has  Northampton  co.  on  the  N  W. 
It  contains  27,496  inhabitants.  Bucks  is  a 
well  cultivated  county,containIng  411,900 
acres  of  land,  and  is  divided  into  28  town- 
flilps,  the  chief  of  which  is  Newtown.  It 
abounds  with  limeftone,  and  in  fome 
places  are  found  iron  and  lead  ore.  There 
is  a  remarkable  hill  in  the  N  end  of  the 
county  called  Haycock,  in  the  townfliip 
of  the  fame  name.  It  is  15  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, having  a  gradual  afcent,  and 
from  its  fummit  is  a  delightful  profpe(Sl. 
The  v/aters  of  Tohickon  Creek  wafli  it  on 
all  fides  except  the  weft. 

BiiciirJloivn,3.-^Q^  town  in  Hancock  CO. 
Maine,  on  the  E  fide  of  Penobfcot  R.  con- 
tains 6  ii4  inhabitants  ;  27  miles  N  of  Caf- 
tine. 

Bucktoivn,  in  Dorchefter  co.  Mary- 
land; lies  between  Blackwater  andTranf- 
quacking  creeks,  12  miles  from  their 
mouths  at  Fifliing  Bay,  and  8^  miles  S  E 
from  Cambridge. 

Bu'dds  Valley,  a  place  in  Morris  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  the  head  waters  of  Raritan. 

Biienaire,  one  of  the  Leeward  liles  in  the 
W.  Indies.  It  is  fmall  ;  lies  eaftward  of 
Cura^oa,  and  belongs  to  the  Dutch. 

Buenos  Ay  res,  is  one  of  the  moft  confid- 
erable towns  in  S.  America,  and  the  only 
place  of  traffic  to  the  fourhward  of  Brazil. 
It  is  the  capital  of  La  Plata,  In  the  S  di- 
vifion  and  province  of  La  Plata.  S  lat. 
34  35 J  W  Ion.  57  54.  Its  fituation  on  the 
fouth  fide  of  the  river  La  Plata,  on  a  gen- 
tle eminence,  is  healthy  and  pleafant,  and 
the  air  temperate.  Back  of  the  city,  from 
fouthweft  to  foutheaft,  is  Pampas  Plain, 
of  300  miles  extent,  in  conftant  verdure, 
interfperfed  vrith  country  feats,  producing 
few  trees,  much  grafs,  on  which  fubfift  in- 
numerable horfes  and  cattle.  Towards 
the  north,  the  great  river  fpreads  like  a 
fpacious  fea,  the  oppcfitc  fliore  being  be- 
yond 


BUE 


BUF 


yond  the  reach  of  the  eye.  It  is  7  miles 
in  circumference,  and  regularly  built  in 
fquares  of  about  aoo  feet.  Its  ftreets  are 
30  or  40  feet  wide,  and  very  dirty ;  the 
houfes  one  ftory  high,  chielly  of  brick, 
Tvith  a  court  in  the  middle,  and  each  is 
accommodated  with  a  garden.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  is  eftimated  variouflj, 
at  15,000,  30,000,  and  fome  late  accounts 
fay  100,000;  many  of  them  are  flaves.  One 
fide  of  the  town  is  defended  by  a  fortrefs 
with  a  garrifon.  The  town  flands  180 
miles  from  the  fea.  The  mail  comes  in 
once  a  month  from  Lima.  Ii}  afcending 
the  river,  it  is  necefl'ary  to  anchor  every 
night ;  and  on  the  mofl:  moderate  days  a 
pilot  muft  go  to  found  the  way  for  the 
fliip,  on  account  of  the  fliailownefs  of  the 
water,  and  the  fliifting  of  the  channel. 
After  having  furmounted  thefe  difficulties, 
the  fhlps  are  obliged,  at  the  diftance  of 
three  leagues  from  the  town,  to  put  their 
goods  on  board  fome  light  veffel,  and  to  go 
and  reiit,  and  to  wait  for  their  cargoes  at 
Incunado  de  Barragan,  fituated  7  or  8 
leagues  below.  This  city  was  erec^led  in- 
to a  bilhopric  in  the  year  i6ao.  The  tri- 
bunal of  the  Royal  Audience  was  found- 
ed 1663,  extinguifhed  a  few  years  after, 
and  re-eflabiifhed  in  1783.  The  build- 
ings, although  of  brick,  are  handfome, 
commodious,  and  many  truly  elegant. 
-There  are  16  churches,  11  of  which  are 
large  and  rich  ;  5  convents,  and  z  monaf- 
teries,  2  hofpitals  with  rich  funds,  i  for 
men  and  the  other  for  women,  1  found- 
ling hofpital,  I  college,  and  i  academy  for 
teaching  geography,  navigation  and  draw- 
ing. Here  we  meet  with  the  merchant? 
of  Europe  and  Peru  ;  but  no  regular  fleet 
comes  here  as  to  the  other  parts  of  Span- 
ifli  America  ;  2,  or  at  mod  3,  regifter  fliips, 
make  the  whole  of  their  regular  inter- 
courfe  with  Europe.  The  returns  are 
chiefly  gold  and  filver  of  Chili  and  Peru, 
fugar  and  hides.  Thofe  who  have  now 
and  then  carried  on  a  contraband  trade 
to  this  city,  have  found  it  more  advanta- 
geous than  any  other  whatever.  The 
contraband  traders  carry  dry  goods,  and 
take  in  return  hides,  tallow  and  copper. 
The  benefit  of  this  contraband  is  now 
wholly  in  the  hands  of  the  Portuguefe, 
who  keep  magazines  for  that  purpofe,  in 
fuch  parts  of  Brazil  as  lie  near  this  coun- 
try. The  moft  valuable  commodities  come 
here  to  be  exclianged  for  European  goods, 
fuch  as  Vlgoj^ma  wool  from  Peru,  copper 
from  Coquimbo,  gold  from  Chili,  and  fll- 
yer  ft  om  Potofi.     From  the  towns  of  Co- 


rientes  and  Paraguay,  the  former  250,  the 
latter  500  leagues  from  Buenos  Ayres,  are 
brought  hither  the  iinefl  tobacco,  fugars, 
cotton,  thread,  yellow  wax,  and  cotton 
cloth  ;  and  from  Paraguay,  the  herb,  fq 
called,  and  fo  highly  valued,  being  a  kind 
of  tea  drank  all  over  S.  America  by  the 
better  fort  ;  which  one  l^ranch  is  comput- 
ed to  amount  to  a  million  of  pieces  of 
eight,  annually,  all  paid  in  goods, no  money 
being  allowed  to  pafs  here.  The  com- 
merce between  Peru  and  Buenos  Ayres  is 
chiefly  for  cattle  and  mules  to  an  immenfe 
value.  When  the  Englifh  had  the  advan- 
tage of  the  Ailiento  contracfl,  negro  Haves 
were  brought  hither  by  factors,  and  fold 
to  the  Spaniards.  It  was  founded  by  Don 
Pedro  de  Mendoza,  in  1S2S^  hut  after- 
wards abandoned.  In  1544,  another  col- 
ony of  Spaniards  came  here,  who  left  it 
alfo  ;  but  it  was  rebuilt  in  1582,  and  is  at 
prefent  inhabited  by  Spaniards  and  native 
Americans.  The  air  is  pure  and  healthy, 
particularly  in  the  winter  feafon,  which 
begins  in  June,  with  much  rain,  at  which 
time  the  thunder  and  lightning  are  fo  vic-^ 
lent,  that  it  is  neceflary  to  be  accuflomed 
to  the  country  before  one  can  live  with- 
out fear.  The  heat  of  the  fun  in  the  fum- 
mer  is  tempered  by  refrefliing  breezes 
from  the  river.  The  country  abounds 
with  all  kinds  of  fruit  which  can  fatisfy 
the  appetite  of  man  ;  among  which  are 
apples,  pears,  peaches,  apricots  pomegran- 
ates, quinces,flgs,  grapes,  oranges,  lemons, 
limes,  and  all  kinds  of  melons.  The  vine 
is  cultivated  here,  and  fome  very  deliciou? 
wines  are  made ;  but  in  general  the  wine 
Is  difagreeable  to  thofe  not  accuriomed  to 
it.      See  La  Plata  i?.  and  province. 

Buff  aloe  Lale^xn  Britifh  America,  is  near 
Copper  Mine  R.  N  lat.  62  30,  W  ion.  from 
Greenwich  110.  The  Copper  Mine  In- 
dians inhabit  this  country. 

Buffaloe  Lick       See  Great  Ridge, 

Buffaloe  Creek,  in  N.  York,  is  a  water  of 
Niagara  R.  from  the  E  into  which  it  emp-  . 
ties,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Erie.  The 
Seneca  Indians,  800  in  number,  have  a 
town  and  refervatipn  of  land,  5  miles 
from  its  mouth.  This  Creek  is  navigable 
8  miles.     N  lat.  42  52. 

Buffaloe,  a  townfliip  W  of  Sufquehanna 
R.  in  Pennfylvania.  See  Northumherlar.d 
County. 

Buffalc/R.  in  Teneflee,  runs  S  wefl:v/ard 
into  Tenefl'ee  R.  in  N  lat.  2,S  ic). 

Buffaloe  R.  a  water  of  the  Ohio,  which 
it  enters  at  the  S  bank,  60  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Wabafh. 


Bun 


BUR 


Huffalc;  Low  Lands,  a  traA  of  land  in 
Northumberland  co.  Pepnfylvania,  about 
28  miles  S  E  from  Prefque'lile. 

Buffaloe  Sivamp,  In  Pennfylvania.  See 
Great  Sivamp. 

Buckarelii,  Fo'mf,  on  tlie  N  W  corSi  of  N. 
America,  iies  in  the  54th  degree  of  N  lat. 
an.J  89th  of  W  Ion.  and  forms  the  N  eaft- 
ern  iide  of  Dixon's  Entrance,  as  V/afliing- 
ton  or  (^uecn  Charlotte's  Iflands  form  its 
S  weflern  fide. 

Buljifirh''s  Harlour,  fo  named  by  Cspt. 
fngraham,  on  tlie  N  W  coafl  of  x'^merica, 
Hes  in  N  lat.  46  52-^-,  W  Ion.  izj  7^. 

BuU'iis  Lick,  lies  on  Salt  H,  in  Ken- 
tucky, from  wJuch  fait  fp rings  the  river 
takes  its  name.  It  lies  10  miles  from  the 
Rapids  of  the  Ohio,  near  Saitfbargh  ;  and 
is  the  firfl  that  was  wo  ked  in  the  country. 

Bullitsy  a  CO.  of  Kentuckv,  containing 
3446  inhabitants,  944  are  fi?.ves. 

Bidl  IJlatidy  one  of  the  3  iilands  which 
form  the  N  part  of  Charlefton  harbour,  S. 
Carolina. 

Ballock^  a  CO.  of  Georgia,  divided  into  4 
towns,  and  contains  1913  inhabitants, 01' 
whom  269  are  (laves. 

Bulloch'' s  Point  and  A^v-f,  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Providence  R.  Rhode  1. 

Bulls  Bay,  or  Baboid  Bciy,  a  noted  bay  in 
Newfoundland  I.  a  little  to  the  S  of  St. 
John's  harbour,  on  the  E  fide  of  that  idand. 
It  has  14  fathom  water,  and  is  very  fafe, 
being  land  locked.  The  only  danger  is  a 
rock,  20  yards  from  Bread  and  Cheefe 
Point,  another  with  9  feet  water  off  Mo- 
gotty  Cove.     Lat.  50  50  N,  Ion.  57  10  W. 

Bulls  I/land,di  fmall  "iile  N  of  Charlefton 
harbour. 

.ff?,'/jy^//?,a  townfliip  in  Fayette  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  has  981  fouls. 

Buncomh,  the  largeft  and  moft  wellern  co. 
of  N.  Carolina,  being  80  miles  long,  40 
wide,  and  perhaps  the  moft  mountainous 
and  hilly  in  tlie  U.  States.  It  is  in  Mor- 
gan diftricfV,  bounded  W  by  the  flate  of 
Tcneffce,  and  S  by  the  flate  of  S.  Caro- 
lina. It  abounds  with  iron  ore.  The 
Blue  Ridge  paffes  through  Buncomb, 
and  gives  rife  to  many  large  rivers,  .^s  Cat- 
aba  w,  "W'ateree,  Broad  R.  and  Pacolet, 
Black,  Bald  and  Smoaky  mountains  are  in 
this  county.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
is  5  774,  of  whom  334  are  flaves. 

Burgoo  Jjlsy  lie  in  White  Bear  Bay,  New-, 
foundland  T.  Great  Burgeo,  or  Eclipfe  I. 
lies  in  M  lat.  47  7>S^  "VV  Ion.  57  31. 

Biirh-Co.Kw  Morgan  diftricl,N  Carolina, 
has  9799  inhabitants,  including  776  flaves. 
Its  capital  is  Morgarjtown.    It  is  about  8ti 


miles  long,  40  wide.  The  principal  rlv*ers 
are  the  Catabaw,  John's  R.  Toe,  and  Lin- 
vel's  R.  Us  mountains  are  the  Blue  Ridge, 
Yellow  Mountain,  the  Grandfather,  Ta- 
ble Mountain,  South  Mountain, and  Brufljy 
Mountain.  I'he  lands  between  the  moun- 
tains and  on  tJ)e  rivers  are  very  fertile. 

Burke  Co.  in  the  Lower  diflricl-  of  Geor- 
gia, contains  9506  inhabitants,  including 
2967  flaves.  Its  chief  towns  are  Louil- 
ville,  and  Waynefl)orough. 

Burke,  a  townfliip  in  Cal-edonia  co.  Ver- 
mont, about  15  miles  W  of  the  mouth  of 
Upper  Amonoofock  R. 

Burlington,  s.  poft  town  in  Chittendon  co. 
Vermont,  delightfully  lituated  on  a  bay  of 
its  name,  in  Lake  Champlain,  about  ao  N 
of  Vergennes.  It  has  8x5  inhabitants. 
In  1 786  a  large  number  of  frogs  were  dug 
up  here,  25  feet  below  the  lurface,  and 
difcovered  iigns  of  life,  but  foon  died. 
In  1 791,  the  iegiil-ittire  of  the  ftate  enab- 
le llied  a  Univerfity  in  this  place,  which 
has  very  handfome  funds, and  is  flourifliing. 

Burlington  Co.  iii  N.  Jerfey.,  extends  acrols 
from  the  Atlantic  ocean  on  the  S  E  toDel- 
aware  R.  and  part  of  Huntingdon  co.  on 
the  N  W  in  length  about  60  miles,  in 
breadth  about  28.  A  great  proportion  of 
it  is  barren  ;  about  |-tlis  of  it,  however,  is 
imdcr  good  cultivation,  and  is  generally 
level,  and  is  pretty  v/ell  watered.  It  has 
21,521  inhabitants,  including  188  flaves. 

Burlington,  City,  the  chief  town  of  the 
above  CO.  is  under  the  government  of  a 
mayor,  aldermen,  and  common  council. 
I'he  extent  of  the  townflap  is  3  miles 
along  the  Delaware,  and  a  mile  back  ;  be- 
ing about  18  miles  N  E  of  Philadelplu'a, 
and  II  S  W  from  Trenton.  The  ifland, 
which  is  the  moft  populous  part,  is  about 
a  mile  in  length,  and  ~  in  breadth.  In  the 
year  1789  it  contained  160  hcizfes,  ai^.d 
1 100  inhabitants  ;  in  1797,  214  houfes, 
and  1 7 14  inhabitants,  and  now,  1803, 
there  are  282  houfes,  and  2256  inhabit- 
ants?. The  houfes  are  generally  built 
within  half  a  mile  of  the  Delaware.  The 
focieties  of  Friends,  Epifcopalians,  Meth- 
odiftsand  Baptifts  have  fpacious  and  neat 
buildings  for  public  worfhip.  There  arc 
alfo  2  academies,  a  free  fchool,  which  edu- 
cates 25  poor  children,  a  city  Ivall,  with 
a  town  clock,  market  houfe,  public  libra-' 
ry  incorporated  in  1743,  a  gaol,  brewery, 
and  nail  manufruftory.  It  has  4  entrances 
over  bridges  and  caufeways,  and  a  quan- 
tity of  bank  meadow  adjoining.  The 
main  ftreets'  are  conveniently  fpacious, 
and  moftly  wrnamented  with  rows  of  trccv 

The 


BUS 


BYF 


The  town  is  oppollte  Briftol  in  Pennfyl- 
vania,  where  the  river  is  about  a  mile 
wide.  Under  the  llielter  of  Mittinicunk 
and  Burlington  iflands,  is  a  fafe  harbour, 
commodioully  fituated  for  trade  ;  but  too 
near  the  opulent  city  of  Philadelphia  to 
admit  of  any  confiderable  increafe  of  for- 
eign commerce.  Burlington  was  firfl  fet- 
tled in  1677.  Mittinicunk  I.  belongs  to 
the  free  fchool,  asnd  yields  a  yearly  profit 
cf;{;i8o.     Nlat.  408. 

Burlington^  a  townfhip  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  Unadilla  R.  in  Otfego  co.  N.  York, 
is  II  miles  W  of  Cooperftown;  438  of  its 
inhabitants  were  eled:ors  in  1796. 

Burlington,  a  new  townfliip  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  MafTachufetts,  taken  from  Woburn, 
about  I  a  miles  N  cf  Bofton,  incorporated 

1799- 

Burlington  Bay,  the  wellern  pomt  of 
Lake  Ontario,  is  perhaps  as  beautiful  and 
romantic  a  fituation  as  any  in  interior  A- 
merica,  particularly  if  we  include  with  it 
a  marfliy  lake  which  falls  into  it,  and  a 
noble  promontory  that  divides  them. 
This  lake  is  called  Coot's  Paradife,  and 
abounds  with  game.  From  the  head  of 
the  lake  following  the  {bores  of  the  Onta- 
rio, we  proceed  eaftward  along  the  bor- 
ders of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  a  very  fine 
and  populous  fettlement,  confifting  of  20 
towniliips,  containing  about  6ooo  fouls, 
and  furnifliing  5  bataliions  of  militia. 
There  are  many  fmall  rivers  which  fall 
into  the  lake  between  Burlington  bay, 
and  Niagara  ;  the  molt  beautiful  of  which 
are  thofe  called  the  Twelve  and  tlieTwen- 
ty.  Thefe  rivers  previoufly  to  their  flow- 
i  ng  into  the  lake,  fpread  behind  a  beach 
which  impedes  their  courfe,and  the  ftreara 
finding  x)nly  a  fmall  outlet  into  the  lake,  is 
ponded  back,  and  forms  a  fpacious  bafon  | 
within;  the  banks  are  high  but  not  broken, 
and  generally  covered  with  fine  pine  trees. 

Burnt  Coat  IJlaud.      See  Penohfcot  Bay. 

Burfontoivn^  a  pofl  town  in  Bucks  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Burrvillcy  a  poft  town  in  Anderfon  co. 
TenefTee,  570  miles  from  Waihington. 

Burton,  a  fmall  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  w^hich  was  incorporated  in 
1766,  and  contains  141  inhabitants. 

Burton,  a  townfliip  in  the  Britifli  prov- 
ince of  N.  Brunfwick,  fituated  in  Sunbury 
CO.  on  the  river  St.  John. 

Bufey  Toivn,  in  the  ifland  of  St.  Domin- 
go, lies  near  Port  au  Prince,  and  has  a  fort. 

Bujh  Totvn.     See  Harford,   Maryland, 

Btifiivich,  a  fmall,  but  pleafant  town,  in  ' 
King's  CO.  Long  I.  N.  York,  The  inhabit-  i 
Vox.  I.  I  1 


ants,  540  in  number,  are  chiefly  of  Dutch 
extradlion  ;  99  of  thefe  are  eledlors. 

Bujhy  Run,  a  N  E  branch  of  Sewickly 
Creek,  near  the  head  of  which  is  Gen.Bo- 
quet's  Field.  The  creek  runs  S  weileriy 
into  Youghiogeny  R.  ao  miles  S  E  from 
Pittfburg,  in  Pennfylvania. 

Bujlard  R.  in  Upper  Canada,  falls  into 
St.  Lawrence  R.  S  weftward  of  Black  R. 
in  a  bay  of  its  own  name  It  runs  a  great 
way  inland,  and  has  communication  with 
feveral  lakes  ;  and  at  its  mouth  lie  the 
Ofiers  Iflands.     N  lat.  49  20,  W  Ion  68  5. 

Bujlleion,  a  pofl:  town  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Penn.  about  lo  miles  N  W  of  the  city. 

Butler,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  containing 
3916  inhabitants.      It  is  divided  into  4* 
town  {hips. 

Butler  s  Tcivn,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  head 
waters  of  the  Ohio. 

Butterhill,  a  high  round  hill,  on  the  W 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  at  the  northern  en- 
trance of  the  Highlands.  In  palTmg  this 
hill,  afcending  the  river,  the  pallenger  is 
prefented  with  a  charming  view  of  N. 
Windfor  and  Newburgh. 

Butternuts,  a  poft  town  in  Otfego  co  N. 
Yoi  k,  ^5  miles  S  W  of  Cooperftown.  It 
has  1388  inhabitants. 

Buttons  Bay,  in  the  W  part  of  Hudfon 
bay,  N  of,  and  near  to  Churchill  R.  Sir 
Thomas  Button  loft  his  Ihip  here,  and 
came  back  in  a  fioop  built  in  the  country. 
Button's  IJles  lie  on  the  fouthern  fide  of 
Hudfon  ftraits,  at  the  entrance  o{F  Cape 
Chidley. 

Buxaloons,  an  Indian  town  on  the  N  W 
bank  of  Alleghany  R.  nearly  zj  miles  from 
Fort  Frankhn,  at  its  mouth. 

Buxton,  a  tov/nfliip  in  York  co.  Maine, 
on  Saco  R.  8  miles  N  weftt  rly  from  Pep- 
perelborough,  and  118  miles  N  E  of  Bof- 
ton ;  containing  1938  inhabitants. 

Bu'zzard\  Bay,  in  Maflachufetts,  togeth- 
er with  Barnftable  Bay  on  the  N  E  form 
the  peninfula  v/hofe  extremity  is  called 
Cape  Cod.  It  lies  between  N  lat.  41  25, 
and  41  42,  and  between  70  38,  and  71 
TO,  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  running  into 
the  land  about  30  miles  N  E  by  N,  and  its 
breadth  at  an  average  is  about  7  miles. 
Its  entrance  has  Seakonet  Point  and  rocks 
W,  and  the  Sow  and  Pigs  ofT  the  S  W  end 
of  Cuttahunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  ifl- 
ands, on  the  Eaft. 

Byherry,  a  town{laip  in  Philadelphia  co. 
Pennfylvania,  579  inhabitants. 

Byfeld,  a  parifh  partly  in  Newbury, 
partly  in  Rowley,  Maflachufetts.  It  lies 
at  the  heau  u:  the  tide  on  Parker  river, 

which 


CAB 


c  A  r 


which  runs  through  the  N  part  of  the  par- 
illi  ;  Smelt  R.  being  its  fouthern  boundary. 
it  is  generally  level,  with  a  few  command- 
ing hills;  it  is  much  interfecSled  with  brooks 
and  rivulets,  and  has  Crane  Pond,  which 
16  deep,  and  well  Ilored  with  fifli,  covering 
lOO  acres,  at  the  N  W  corner.  The  falls 
on.  Parker,  or  Frefh  R.  as  it  is  called  above 
the  tide,  afTord  excellent  mill  feats.  There 
are  lo  grill  mills,  where  great  quantities 
of  grain  are  purchafed  from  N.  Hampfliire 
and  Verm.ont  ;  the  meal  and  flour  are  fold 
in  Newburyport  and  the  vicinity.  There 
are  aifo  2  faw  mills,  i  oil  mill,  i  fnufFmill, 
with  a  large  number  of  mortars,  and  one 
fulling  mill,  befide  a  woollen  manufaAory, 
^which  can  employ  100  hands.  The  larg- 
ed  building  is  90  feet  by  30,  three  flories 
high,  furniflied  with  carding  machines, 
and  all  the  apparatus  for  man uf alluring 
woollen  cloths.  The  greater  part  of  the 
inhabitants  are  farmers,  but  large  num.bers 
are  employed  in  making  fhoes  for  export- 
ation. The  place  is  noted  for  the  variety 
and  excellence  of  its  pears  and  winter  ap- 
ples ;  and  vaft  quantities  of  peat  are  dug 
from  its  meadows.  Dummer  Academy  is 
in  this  parilli,  pleafantly  fituated  on  a  large 
road  leading  from  Newburyport  to  Salem 
and  Bofton.  It  has  a  library  of  well  choi- 
en  books,  funds  to  fupport  2  inftrucflors, 
and  nothing  is  required  for  tuition.  When 
the  Newburyport  turnpike  is  completed,  it 
will  be  4  miles  S  W  from  Newburyport, 
and  26  N  P2  from  Bofton. 

Byram  R.  is  a  fmall  flream,  only  notice- 
able as  forming  part  of  the  weftern  boun- 
dary of  Connecticut.  It  falls  into  Long  I. 
found,  oppofite  Captain's  Iflands. 

Byran  ^/"oivn,  in  Charles  CO.  Maryland,  is 
about  9  miles  N  E  from  Por*-  Tobacco  ; 
and  24  S  E  from  the  Federal  City. 

ByrJ,  Ford,  lies  on  the  eaflern  bank  of 
Monongahela  R  ;  on  the  -  S  lide  of  the 
mouth  of  Red  Stone  Creek  ;  35  miles  S 
from  Pittfburg,  and  about  29  N  W  from 
Ohiopyle  Falls.  On  or  near  this  fpot 
ftands  the  compaiH:  part  of  the  town  of 
Brownfville.     N  lat.  39  58,  W  Ion.  81  12. 

Byron  s  Bay t  on  the  N  E  coafl  of  Labra- 
dor. 

C 


c 


AB ARRAS,  ?i  CO.  in  the  diftria  ofSal- 
ifbury,  N.  CaroHna.  It  contains  5061  peo- 
ple, 695  being  in  flavery.  The  court 
houfe,  where  a  poll:  office  is  kept,  is  439 
miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cabela,  or  Cahclla,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America.     N  lat.  103. 

Ctibiu  Fivit^  a  fmall  pofl  town  ia  Surry 


CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  Upper  Chipoafe 
creek,  26  miles  E  S  E  of  Peterfburgh,  87 
from  Portfinouth,  and  329  S  S  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.    Nlat.  37. 

Cabo  de  Cruzy  a  bold  pointof  land  on  the 
S  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.   N  lat.  1957. 

Cabo  de  St.Juati,  the  N  eafternmoft:  point 
of  the  iiland  of  Porto  Rico.    N  lat.  x8  30. 

Cabot,  a  townlliip  in  Caledonia  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  is  fituated  on  the  height  of 
land  between  Lake  Champlain  and  Con- 
ne6licut  R.  about  17  miles  from  the  15 
mile  falls  in  the  above  named  R.  and  con» 
tains  349  inhabitants. 

Caboi's  Head,  a  promontory  extending 
far  into  Lake  Huron,  W  of  Glocelter,  and 
embays  a  large  part  of  the  lake,  at  its 
eaflern  extremity,  flretching  towards  the 
ManitouiOands.  Smyth. 

Cabellfhurg,  a  poll  town  in  Amherft  co.. 
Virginia,  215  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cabron,  Cape,  the  N  E  point  of  Prefquc 
Ifle  de  Samana,in  the  iiland  of  St. Domin- 
go, 22  leagues  S  E  by  E  of  old  Cape  Fran- 
9ois,  N  lat.  19  23. 

CdCQpchrjv,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which, 
runs  about  70  miles  N  eafterly  along  the 
weflern  (jdc  of  North  Ridge,  and  empties 
into  Potowmack  R.  30  miles  N  from 
Frederickftown. 

Catf/jzOTajyo,  a  large  R.  m  Peru,  S.Ameri- 
ca, which  falls  into  the  ocean  within  % 
leagues  of  La  Plata. 

Cadiz,  71  town  on  the  Nfide  of  the  ifland 
of  Cuba,  near  160  miles  E  of  Havannah, 
and  50  N  from  Spiritu  Santo. 

Caen,  the  chief  city  of  Cayenne,  in 
French  Guiana,  in  S.  America.  See  Ca- 
yenne. 

Caernarvon, -A  townfliip  in  Lancafler  CO. 
Pennfylvania,  has  942  inhabitants. 

Cafarea  R.  or  Cohanfie  Creek,  in  N.  Jcrfey, 
empties  into  Delaware  Bay,  after  a  S  wef- 
terly  courfe  of  about  30  m.iles.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  velfels  of  100  tons  as  far  at 
Bridgetown,  20  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Caghneivaga,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  Lower 
Canada,  fome  of  whom  inhabit  near 
Montreal. 

Caghtieivaga,  the  name  of  a  fmall  village 
or  parifli  on  the  Nfide  of  Mohawk  R.  \\\ 
the  townfliip  of  Johnfiown,  about  24 
milts  W  of  Schenectady.  It  is  not  im- 
probable that  the  tribe  of  Indians  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding  article  formerly- 
inhabited  this  place.     See  Johnfoivn. 

Cahokia,  a  po ft  town  in  the  Indiana  ter- 
ritory, N  of  Kaikafkias,  963  miles  from 
Walliington. 

Ca  Ira,  a  poll  town  in  Amelia  co.  Vir- 
giaia,  190  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Ca  ha^ 


CAL 


C  AL 


Ca  Tra^  the  chief  town  of  Sumner  co. 
Teneflec.  A  name  that  perpetuates  the 
remembrance  of  pohtical  folly. 

Caijior,  a  townfliip  in  the  co.  of  Lincoln, 
U.  Canada,  between  Binbrook  and  Gainf- 
borough,  watered  by  the  river  Welland. 

Smyth. 

Calabeza,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in  Ter- 
ra Firma,  on  Oroonoco  R. 

Calcaylares,  a  jurifdi(5tion  in  Peru,  fub- 
]e<St  to  the  bifliop  of  Cufco,about  4  leagues 
W  of  that  city  ;  exuberant  in  all  kinds  of 
grain  and  fruits,  and  fugar  equal  to  any 
of  the  refined  fugars  of  Europe.  Former- 
]y  it  produced  80,000  arobas  ;  but  the 
quantity  is  now  faidto  be  much  lefs. 

Calais,  ^  townfliip  in  Caledonia  co.  Ver- 
mont, 30  miles  N  W  of  Newbury.  It  has 
443  inhabitants. 

Cald-well,  a  town  in  N.  Jerfey,  between 
Newark  and  Morriftown. 

Caledonia,  New,  a  very  large  ifland  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  S  W  and  not  far  diftant 
from  the  New  Hebrides,  firft  difcovered 
by  Capt.  Cook,  in  1774.  It  is  about  87 
leagues  long^  its  breadth  is  various,  and 
no  where  exceeds  ten  leagues.  It  is  in- 
habited by  a  race  of  flout,  tall,  well  pro- 
portioned Indians  of  a  fwarthy  or  dark 
«hefnut  brown.  A  fctv  leagues  diftant 
arc  a  fmall  illands,  called  illand  of  Fina 
and  Botany  iiland. 

Caledonia  Co.  in  Vermont,  contains  24 
townfiiipsjand  has  Connedlicut  R.  S  E,  Or- 
leans and  Chittenden  counties  N  W  ;  Ef- 
fex  CO.  N  E,  and  Orange  co.  S  W.  It  con- 
tains 9377  inhabitants, 

Caledonia^  a  port  on  the  ifthmus  of  Da- 
rien,  25  leagues  N  W  from  the  river  At- 
rato  It  was  attempted  to  be  eftabliilied 
by  the  Scotch  nation  in  1698,  and  had  at 
ifirfl:  all  the  promiling  appearances  of  fuc- 
cefs ;  but  the  Engiifli,  influenced  by  nar- 
row national  prejudices,  put  every  im- 
pediment in  their  way  ;  which,  joined  to 
the  unhealthintfs  of  the  climate,  deftroy- 
ed  the  infant  colony.     See  Darier.. 

CaU,  a  city  of  New  Granada,  S.  Ameri- 
ca, fituated  on  the  river  Cauca.  The  fta- 
ple  port  for  this  city,  as  alfo  for  thofe  of 
Popayan,  Santa  Fe,  and  the  fouthern  parts 
of  Terra  Firma,  is  Bonaventura  in  the 
diftriA  of  Popayan..  The  road  by  land 
from  that  port  is  not  pafTable  for  beafls 
of  burden;  fo  that  travellers  with  their 
baggage,  are  carried  on  the  backs  of  In- 
dians in  a  chair,  with  which  weight  they 
crofs  rivers  and  mountains,  being  entire- 
ly flaves  to  the  Spaniards,  who  thus  fub- 
llitute  them  in  the  room  of  horfes  and 
siules.    N  lat.  3  15,  W  Ion.  76  30. 


Calibogte  JR.  and  Sound,  on  the  coaft  of  S» 
Carolina,  form  the  outlet  of  May  and 
New  rivers. 

California,  an  extenfivc  pcninf^la  of  N. 
America, lying  between  the  tropic  of  Can- 
cer and  the  38  o  N  lat.  wafliedon  theE  by 
a  gulf  of  the  fame  -name,  and  on  the  W 
by  the  Pacific  ocean,  or  great  S  Sea  ;  ly- 
ing within  the  three  capes  or  limits  of 
Cape  St.  Lucas,  the  river  Colerado  and 
Cape  Blanco  de  San  Sebaftian,  which  is 
called  its  weflcrn  limit.  The  gulf  whi<:hi 
waflies  it  on  the  E  called  the  gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia, is  an  arm  of  the  Pacific  ocean, in- 
tercepted between  Cape  Corientes  on  the 
one  lide,  and  Cape  St.Lucas  on  the  other; 
that  is  between  Mexico  or  New  Spain  on 
the  N  E  and  that  of  California  on  the  W. 
The  length  of  Cdifornia  is  about  300 
leagues,  in  breadth  it  bears  no  propor- 
tion, not  being  more  than  40  leagues  a- 
crofs,  from  fea  to  fea.  The  country  is 
very  fruitful,  abounds  with  domcflic  ani- 
mals, brought  thither  originally  from 
Spain,  and  with  fome  wild  animals  not 
known  in  Old  or  New  Spain.  The  cli- 
mate isfultry,  the  heat  in  fummer  being 
exceiFively  fevere.  '1  he  Roman  Catho- 
lics have  met  with  confiderablefuccefs  in 
converting  the  Californians  to  Chriflian- 
ity.  The^hief  town  is  St.  Juan.  The 
MiiTionaries  are  fupix)rted  at  vafl:  expenfe 
for  the  purpofe  of  extending  civilization 
and  chriflianity  through  thefe  dreary 
abodes  of  favage  paganifm.  They  per- 
form the  laborious  fervice  with  alacrity 
and  prudence.  They  treat  their  converts 
as  children,  furnifli  them  with  fupport 
and  employment.  They  have  made  fome 
advance  in  the  arts  of  civil  life,  are  hap- 
py, denying  themfelves  their  former  li- 
centious pradlices.  They  appear  devout, 
chafte  and  honefl  :  theft  is  unknown 
among  them.  Let  Proteftants  go  and  do 
likewife.  Cortes  difcovered  this  country 
in  1536  ;  but  Sir  Francis  Drake  was  the 
firft  who  took  pofTefllon  of  it,  in  1578  ; 
and  his  right  was  confirmed  by  the  prin- 
cipal king  or  chief  in  the  whole  country. 

Callao,  a  fea  port  town  in  the  empire  of 
Pern,  being  the  port  or  harbour  of  Lima, 
and  is  lituated  a  leagues  from  that  city. 
On  the  N  fide  runs  the  river  which  wa- 
ters Lima,  on  which  fide  is  a  Imall  fuburb 
built  only  of  reeds.  There  is  another  on 
the  S  fide  ;  they  are  both  called  Pitipifti, 
and  inliabited  by  Indians.  To  the  E  are 
extenfive  plains,  adorned  v/ith  beautiful 
orchards  watered  by  canals  cut  from  the 
river.  The  town,  which  is  built  on  a  low 
flat  point  of  land,  was  ftrocgly  fortified 


C  A  L 


CAM 


in  the  rcign  of  Philip  IV,  and  numerous 
batteries  command  the  port  and  road 
vhich  is  the  greatcft,  fineft,and  fafeft  in 
all  the  S.  Sea.  There  is  anchorage  every 
where  in  very  deep  water,  without 
danger  of  rocks  or  flioals,  except  one. 
■which  is  3  cables,  length  from  the  fliore, 
about  the  middle  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Lawrence,  oppofite  La  Galatea.  The 
little  ifland  of  Callao  lies  juft  before  the 
town.  In  the  opening  between  thefe  two 
iflands,  there  are  two  fmail  iflots,  or 
rather  rocks  ;  there  is  alio  a  thiid  very 
low,  but  half  a  league  out  at  fea,  S  S  E 
from  the  N  W  point  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Lawrence.  Near  the  fea  fide  is  the  gov- 
ernor's houfe,  which,  with  the  viceroy's 
palace,  take  up  2  fides  of  a  fquarc  ;  the 
parifli  church  makes  a  third  ;  and  a  bat- 
tery of  3  pieces  of  cannon  forms  the  4th 
The  churches  arc  built  of  canes  inter- 
woven, and  covered  with  clay,  or  paint- 
ed white.  Here  are  5  monafteries,  and 
an  hofpital.  The  houfes  are  in  general 
built  of  flight  materials  ;  the  fingular  cir- 
cumftance  of  its  never  raining  in  this 
country  renders  ftone  houfes  unnecefla- 
ry  ;  and  helide  thefe  are  more  apt  to  fuf- 
fcr  from  earthquakes,  which  are  frequent 
here.  The  moft  remarkable  happened  in 
the  year  1746,  which  laid  |ths  of  Lima 
level  with  the  ground,  and  entirely  de- 
moiiflicd  Callao  ;  where  the  defl:ru6lion 
was  fo  entire  that  only  one  man,  of  3000 
inhabitants,  was  left  to  record  this  dread- 
ful calamity      S  lat.  iz  r,  W  Ion.  77. 

Cal'acalks,  a  river  of  Chili  which  falls 
into  the  S  fea  at  Baldivia. 

Calliaqua,  a  town  and  harbour  at  the  S 
Wend  of  St.  Vincent,  one  of  the  Carib- 
bee  iflands.  The  harbour  is  the  heft  in 
the  ifland,  and  draws  thither  a  great  part 
of  the  trade,  and  the  principal  inhabitants 
of  the  ifland. 

C2l?n  Point,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  A- 
merica,  lies  within  Briflol  Bay,  on  the 
northern  fide. 

Cain,  Eizjl  and  Weji,  two  townflilps  in 
Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Calos,  a  bay  on  the  W  coaft  of  the  pen- 
infula  of  E.  Florida,  where  are  exerilent 
fifliing  banks  and  grounds.  Not  far 
from  this  is  a  oonfidcrable  town  of  the 
Seminole  Indians.  The  Spaniards  from 
Cuba  take  great  quantities  of  fifli  here, 
and  barter  with  the  Indians  and  traders 
for  fkins,  furs,  &c.  and  return  with  their 
cargoes  to  Cuba. 

Calpdalpan,  a  mountain  in  N.  Mexico, 
which  abounds  with  quarries  of  jafpcr 
and  marble  of  different  colours. 


Calvert  Co.  in  Maryland,  on  the  W  fliorc 
of  the  Chefapeak;  it  is  about  33  mile* 
long,  and  19  and  \  wide.  It  is  agreeably 
varied  by  hills  and  vales,  the  land  is  gen- 
erally fandy,  and  produces  good  corn, 
ft  contains  8297  people,  4101  being  fiavea 
to  the  reft.  Chief  town.  Prince  Frederick. 
Calumet,  Point,  on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake 
Superior,  W  of  the  river  Du  Chene,  bc-^ 
twecn  which  places,  the  coaft,  confifling 
of  perpendicular  rocks,  is  dangerous. 
Smyth. 
Cam»na,  a  jurifdicflion  in  Peru,  under 
the  bifhop  of  Arequipa,  very  extenfive, 
but  full  of  defarts,fome  diftance  from  the 
S.  Sea  coaft.  Eaftward  it  extends  to  the 
borders  of  the  Andes  ;  abounds  in  grain, 
fruits,  and  fome  filver  mines. 

Cambletoivn,  in  W.  Florida,  on  the  W 
fide  of  Efcambia  R.  near  its  mouth,  10 
miles  from  Penfacola.  A  number  of 
French  Proteftants  planted  thcmfelves 
here  in  1766,  and  for  fome  time  were 
fupported  by  government,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  cultivating  filk.  The  town  was 
fituated  on  high  ground,  on  a  light  foil, 
but  near  marlliy  ground,  which  render- 
ed it  unhealthy.  It  has  long  fince  beea 
abandoned,  and  the  town  deftroyed. 

Hutchins, 
Cambridge,  an    uninhabited  townfhip  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliire,  E  of   Andro- 
fcoggin,  and  S  of  Umbagog  Lake. 

Cambridge,  a  poft  town  in  Wafliington 
CO.  N.  York,  iz  by  13  miles  in  extent, 
containing  6187  inhabitants,  10  miles  N 
W  of  Bennington. 

Cambridge,  a  poft  and  half  fliire  town  of 
Middlefex  co.  Mafl'achufetts,  is  one  of 
the  largeft  and  moft  refpe(5table  town- 
fliips  of  the  county.  Its  3  parillics.Cam- 
br  idge.  Little  Cambridge,  and  Menotomy, 
contain  3  Congregational  meeting  houfes, 
one  for  Baptifts,  and  another  for  Epifco- 
palians  ;  a  number  of  very  pleafant  feats, 
and  2453  inhabitants.  A  bridge  connedls 
this  town  with  Bofton.  The  compaft 
part  of  Cambridge  is  pleafantly  fituated 
2i\  miles  weftward  of  Bofton,  on  the  N 
bank  of  Charles  R.  over  which  is  a  bridge 
leading  to  Little  Cambridge.  It  contains 
about  100  dwelling  houfes.  Its  public 
buildings,  befide  the  edifices  which  be- 
long to  Harvard  Univerfity,  are  the  Epif- 
copal  and  Congregational  meeting  houfes, 
and  a  handfome  court  houfe.  The  col- 
lege buildings  are  4  in  number,  and  are 
of  brick,  named  Harvard,  Hollis,  and 
Mafl'achufetts  Halls,  and  Holden  Chapel. 
Pieparations  are  making  for  ere<fting 
another  Hall  for  the  ufe  of  the  ftudents, 

I'hey 


CAM 


CAM 


They  ftmd  on  a  beautiful  green  which 
fpreads  to  the  N  W,  and  exhibit  a  pleaf- 
ing  view.     This  univerfity,  as  to  its   li- 
t>rary,  philofophical  apparatus  and  pro- 
feflbrfliips,  is  at  prefent  the  firft  literary 
inftitution  on  this  continent.     It  takes  its 
date  from  the  year  1638,   7  years  after 
the  firft  fettlement  in  the  townlliip,  then 
called  Ne^ivtoivn,     Since  its  eftablifhment, 
to  July,  1794,  T,T,()<)  ftudents  have  receiv- 
ed honorary  degrees   from   its  fuccefiive  ■ 
officers.     It  has  generally  from  150  to  220  • 
(Indents.     The  library  contains  upwards  \ 
of  1.3,000  volumes.     The  cabinet  of  min-  ; 
erals,  in  the  mufeum,  contains  the  more  I 
ufeful  produdiions   of  nature  ;   and   ex-  \ 
cepting  what  are  called  the  precious  fones,  j 
there  are  very  few  fubftances  yet  dilcov-  j 
ered  in  the  mineral  kingdom,  but  what  j 
may  be  found  here.     The  univerfity  owes  i 
this  noble  collection  of  minerals,  and  fev- 
cral  other  natural  curiofities,  to  the  mu- 
nificence of  Dr.  Letfom,  of  London,  and 
to  that  of  the  republic  of  France.     In  the 
north  parifli  of  this  town,  caWcA  Menotomy, 
is  a  card  manufactory,  belonging  to  Mr. 
Whittemore,  of  very  ingcnioufly  contriv- 
ed machinery,  and  on  an  extenfive  fcale. 
Fifty  dozen  pairs  of  cards  are  made  here 
in  a  day,  btfides   carding  machines.     In 
the  eaftern  part  of  this  town,  at  the  head 
of  W.  Boflon  bridge,  is  a  thriving  com- 
mercial fettlement.     N.  lat.  4a  23  28,  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich  71  7  30. 

Cambridge,  a  poft  town  in  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  where  the  circuit 
courts  are  held.  Formerly  it  was  called 
Ninety  Six.  It  contains  about  60  houfes, 
a  court  houfe,  and  a  brick  gaol.  The 
college  by  law  inftituted  here  is  no  bet- 
ter that,  a  grammar  fchool.  It  is  80  miles 
N  N  W  of  Columbia  ;  50  N  by  W  of 
Augufta,  in  Georgia,  140  N  W  of  Charlef- 
ton.  N.  lat.  34  9.  In  May,  1781,  this 
town  was  clofely  beficged  by  General 
Greene,  and  bravely  defended  by  the  Brit- 
ifli  commanded  by  Col.  Cruger, 

Cambridge,  a  pofl  town  of  Dorchef^er  co. 
Maryland,  is  fituated  on  the  S  fide  of 
Choptank  R.  abput  13  miles  E  S  E  from 
Cook's  point  at  its  mouth  ;  9  W  S  W 
from  Newmarket,  and  57  S  E  from  Bal- 
timore, its  lituation  is  healthy,  and  it 
contains  about  50  houfes  and  a  church. 
N  lat.  3834. 

Camhiidge,  a  pofl:  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  is  fituated  on  both  fides  of  La 
Moille  R.  about  25  mi lesNE of  Burlington. 

Cambridge,  a  townfhip  in  U.  Canada, 
Stormont  co.  S  of  Clarence, 


Cam^en^  Eaji  and  Wcji,  two  townfhipt 
in  U  Canada  ;  the  latter  in  Kent  co.  on 
the  Nof  river  Thames,  oppofite  Howard. 

Smyth. 

Camden  Co.  In  Edenton  diftricft,  N.  Car- 
olina, is  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the  fiate. 
It  has  4191  inhabitants,  including  1170 
flaves.     Jonefborough  is  the  chief  town. 

Camden,  formerly  a  diftritft,  in  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  has  Cheraws  dif- 
tricSt  on  the  N  E,  Georgetown  diflricft  on 
the  S  E,  and  the  ftate  of  N.  Carolina  on 
the  N  ;  and  was  divided  into  the  follow- 
ing counties,  Fairfield,  Richland,  Claren- 
don, Clartmont,  Kerfliaw,  Salem,  and 
Lancafler  ;  the  four  firft  are  ere<ftcd  into 
diftritfts  of  the  fame  name  ;  the  three 
laft  form  Sumpter  diftria.  This  dif- 
tridl  is  watered  by  the  Wateree,  or  Cat- 
abaw  R.  and  its  branches  ;  the  upper 
part  is  variegated  with  hills,  generally 
fertile  and  well  watered.  It  produces 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  i)arley,  tobacco, 
and  cotton,  I'he  Catabaw  Indians,  the 
only  tribe  which  refide  in  the  ftate,  live  ia 
the  N  part  of  this  diftrid:.     See  Catahait: 

Camden,:^,  poft  town,  and  chief  of  Sump- 
ter diftricSl,  in  Kerfliaw  co.  ftands  on  the 
E  fide  of  Wateree  R.  35  miles  N  E  of  Co- 
lumbia; SS  S  W  of  Cheraw  ;  120  N  by 
W  of  Charlefton,  and  643  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  about  200  houfes,  an  Epifcopal 
church,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  The  nav- 
igable river  on  which  the  town  ftands, 
enables  the  inhabitants  to  carry  on  a 
lively  trade  with  the  back  country.  N 
lat.  34  12,  W  Ion.  80  54.  This  town,  or 
near  it,  was  the  fcene  of  two  battles  in  the 
late  war.  On  the  i6th  of  Auguft,  1780, 
between  Gen.  Gates  and  Lord  Cornwallis, 
in  which  the  American  general  was  de- 
feated. The  other  was  a  brifk  adiioa 
between  Lord  Rawdon  and  Gen.  Greene, 
on  the  25th  of  April,  1781.  I^ord  Rawdon 
fallied  out  of  the  town  with  800  men,  and 
attacked  the  American  camp,  which  was 
within  a  mile  of  the  town.  The  Ameri- 
cans had  126  men  killed,  and  100  taken 
prifoners,  and  the  Britifli  had  about  lOO 
killed.  The  town  was  evacuated  the  9th 
of  May,  in  the  fame  year,  after  Lord 
Rawdon  had  burned  the  gaol,  mills,  many 
private  houfes,  and  part  of  his  own  bag- 
gage- 

Camden  Co.  in  the  lower  diftricfl  of  Geor- 
gia, at  the  S  E  corner  of  the  ftate,  on  St. 
Mary's  R.  contains  1681  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 735  flaves.  Chief  town  St.  Pa- 
tricks. 

Ccimder^ 


CAM 


CAM 


CfivJe/f,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  on  the  wed- 
crn  fide  of  Penobfcot  bay,  Maine,  and 
the  S  eafternmoft  townfliip  of  Lincoln  co. 
havingThoniaftown  on  the  S  W ;  ^^  miles 
3N  N  E  from  Pownalborough. 

Camden^  a  village   in  Kent  co.  ftate  of 

Delaware,  about  4  miles  S  W  from  Dover. 

Camillus,  a  townfliip  in  N.  York,  on  the 

S  iide  of  Seneca  river,  1 8  miles  S  W  from 

fort  Brewington. 

Cam  IJland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
Ifles,  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  lituated  near  St. 
John's  in  the  King's  Channel.  N  lat.  18 
ao,  W  Ion.  63  25. 

Campbell  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  E  of  Bed- 
ford CO.  on  Staunton  R.  It  is  30  miles 
long,  and  27  broad,  and  contains  6195 
free  inhabitants,  and  3671  flaves.  It  con- 
tains large  quantities  of  iron  ore  ;  iron 
■works  are  eredled.  Chief  town  New 
JLondon. 

Campbelltoivn,  a  village  in  Dauphin  co. 
Pennfylvania,  13  miles  E  of  Harrilburgh, 
and  96  N  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Camphelltoivn^  in  N.  Carolina,  is  a  large 
and  flourifliing  town  on  a  branch  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  100  miles  above  Wilmington ; 
having  "  above  100  houfes,  many  wealthy 
merchants,  refpecflable  public  buildings, 
a  vaft  refort  of  inhabitants  and  travellers, 
and  continual  brilk  commerce  by  wag- 
gons, from  the  back  fettlements,  with 
large  trading  boats."  Bartram. 

CampbeWs  Fort,  in  Teneffee,  near  the 
3un6J:ion  of  Holfton  R.  with  the  Teneffce  ; 
riiftant  135  miles  from  Abingdon,  Vir- 
ginia, and  445  \V  of  Richmond. 

Campbell,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
J797  free  people,  and  458  (laves.  The 
court  houfe,  where  there  is  a  pofl  office, 
U  52.5  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Campbellto'wn,  a  poft  town  of  S.  Carolina, 
inEdgefieldco.576milesfromWafliingion. 
CampbeWs,  or  Prejlons  Salines,  in  North 
Holfton,  in  the  ftate  of  TenefTee,  are  the 
onlv  ones  that  have  yet  been  dilcovered 
«>n  the  upper  branches  of  the  Teneflce. 
Large  bones,  like  thofe  found  at  Big  Bone 
Lick,  have  been  dug  up  here ;  and  other 
circumftances  render  the  tracl  which 
contains  the  i^alines  a  great  natural  curi- 
ofity.  Capt.  Charles  Campbell,  one  of 
the  firft  explorers  of  the  weftern  country, 
made  the  difcovery  of  this  tract  in  1745. 
}n  17535  he  obtained  a  patent  t''or  it  from 
the  governor  of  Virginia.  His  fon,  the 
late  Gen. William  Campbell,  tlie  fame  who 
behaved  fo  gallantly  in  the  years  1780, 
and  1781,  became  owner  of  it  on  his 
«itath.     But  it  wa?  not  till  the  time  of 


his  death,  when  fait  was  very  fcarce  and 
dear,  that  fait  water  was  dilcovered,  and 
fait  made  by  a  poor  man.  Since  that 
time  it  has  been  improved  to  a  confidtr- 
able  extent,  and  many  thoufands  of  peo- 
ple are  now  fupphed  from  it,  with  fait  of 
a  fuperior  quality,  and  at  a  low  price. 
The  tract  confifts  of  about  300  acres  of 
fait  marfli  land,  of  as  rich  a  foil  as  can 
be  imagined.  In  this  flat,  pits  are  funk, 
in  order  to  obtain  the  fait  water.  The 
beft  is  found  from  30  to  40  feet  deep  ; 
after  palling  through  the  rich  foil  or  mud, 
from  6  to  10  feet,  you  come  to  a  very 
brittle  hmeftone  rock,  with  cracks  or 
chafms,  through  which  the  fait  water 
iflues  into  the  pits,  whence  it  is  drawn  by 
buckets  and  put  into  the  boilers,  which 
are  placed  in  furnaces  adjoining  the  pits. 
The  hills  that  furround  this  flat  are  cov- 
ered with  fine  timber;  and  a  coal  mine 
has  been  difcovered  not  far  from  it.  Here 
is  a  poft  ofEce,  567  miles  W  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Canipeachy,  a  town  in  the  audience  of 
Old  Mexico,  or  New  Spain,  and  province 
of  Yucatan,  fituated  on  the  bay  of  Cam- 
peachy,  near  the  W  fliore.  Its  houfes  arc 
well  built  of  ftonc ;  when  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  it  was  a  large  town  of  3000 
houfes,  and  had  confiderable  mommients 
of  Indian  art  and  induftry.  There  is  a 
good  dock  and  fort,  with  a  governor  and 
garrilbn,  which  commands  both  the  town 
and  harbour.  It  has  been  often  ftormed 
and  taken, both  by  the  Englifla  and  French 
buccaniersjin  1659, 1678, and  '''^  '"  1685, 
when  thefe  freebooters  united  and  plun- 
dered every  place  within  15  leagues  round 
it,  for  the  fpace  of  two  months  ;  they  af- 
terwards fet  fire  to  the  fort  a.id  town, 
which  the  governor,  who  kept  the  field 
with  his  men,  would  not  ranfom  ;  and  to 
complete  the  pillage  by  a  Angular  piece 
of  folly,  the  French  buccaniers  celebrated 
the  feaft  of  their  king,  the  day  of  St.  Louis, 
by  burning  to  the  value  of  ^^.50,000  fter- 
ling,  of  Campeachy  wood,  which  was  a 
part  of  their  lliare  of  the  plunder.  The 
port  is  large,  but  fliallow  It  was  a  ftated 
market  for  logwood,  of  which  great  quan- 
tities grew  in  the  neighbourhood,  before 
the  Englifli  landed  there,  and  cut  it  at  the 
j  ifthmus,  v/hich  they  entered  at  Triefta 
I  Ifland,  near  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  40 
leagues  S  W  from  Campeachy.  The  chief 
manufaAure  here  is  cotton  cloth.  Lat. 
15  40,  Ion.  91  30. 

Campo  Bella,  a  long  and  narrow  ifland, 
on  the  E  coaft  of  V/afliingtou  co.  Maine, 

and 


CAN 


CAN 


and  the  N  eafternmofl:  of  all  the  iflands. 
It  lies  at  the  mouth  of  a  large  bay  into 
which  Cobfcook  river  empties,  and  has 
communication  with  Pail'aniaqiioddy  bay 
on  the  N  by  two  chanru^s  ;  the  one  be- 
tween the  W  lide  of  Deer  I.  and  the  con- 
tinent ;  the  other  into  the  mo\ith  of  Pc\f- 
famaquoddy  bay,  between  Deer  I.  and  the 
N  end  of  Campo  Btllo  I.  which  lies  in 
about  N  lat.  44  48,  7'he  S  end  is  5  miles 
N  wefterly  from   Grand  Mannan  I.     See 

Eafport. 

Camptou,  a  fmall  townfliip  in  Grafton 
CO.  N.  HampHiire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Pe- 
migewaffet,  the  N  head  water  of  Merri- 
mack R.  33  miles  N  E  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege, and  67  N  W  of  Portfmouth. 

Canaan,  a  thriving  poft  town  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  on  KennebeckR.  35  miles  N  by 
W  of  Hallowell,  and  233  N  by  E  of  Bof- 
ton  ;  incorporated  in  1 788.  The  head  of 
Sawhegan  falls  is  the  boundary  between 
Canaan  and  Noridgwock.  The  falls  are 
ao  feet  perpendicular.  The  river  is  here 
divided  by  an  ifland,  on  each  fide,  the 
channel  is  about  120  feet  wide.  In  the 
town  is  a  decent  Congregational  meeting 
houfe. 

Canaan,  a  poft  town  in  Grafton  co.  N, 
Hamplhire,  10  miles  E  of  Dartmouth  Col- 
lege ;  incorporated  in  1761. 

Canaan,  a  poft  town  in  Litchfield  co. 
Connecticut,  E  of  Houfatonick  R.  having 
MaiTachufetts  on  the  N.  At  this  place 
the  water  of  the  whole  river,  which  is 
about  75  yards  wide,  falls  about  60  feet 
nearly  perpendicularly,  in  a  perfetfl  white 
fheet,  exhibiting,  when  the  river  is  full,  a 
fcene  exceedingly  grand  and  beautiful. 
On  thefe  falls  are  2  faw  mills,  2  grift,  mill?, 
a  bloomery  with  two  fires,  a  carding  m:i- 
chine,  and  2  fulling  mills.  A  paper  mill 
and  gun  lliop  were  burnt  in  1800,  and 
have  not  been  rebuilt.  The  ore  which 
fi,'.ppries  the  bloomery  is  brought  6  miles, 
from  Salifbury,  and  is  of  a  fuperior  kind. 
Juft  below  the  falls,  a  bridge  connects 
Canaan  with  Salifbury.  Between)  the  falls 
and  bridge  is  a  fine  fpring  of  water,  of 
fome  celebrity.  Canaan  is  iS  miles  N  W 
of  Litchfield. 

Canaan,  a  townfliip  in  Efl'ex  CO.  Ver- 
mont, is  the  N  eafternmoft  town  in  the 
ftate.  It  ftands  at  the  foot  of  the  Upper 
Great  Monadnock. 

Canaan,  a  townfliip  in  Columbia  co.  N. 
York,  having  Kinderhook  on  the  W,  and 
MaflTachufetts  E.  It  has  5195  inhabit- 
ants, including  31  flaves  ;  663  of  the  fice 
mliabitants  arc  eledors. 


Canada^  or  the  Province  of  ^(tbec.  Bf 
the  Royal  Proclamation  of  the  7th  of  Odt, 
1763,  this  province  was  bounded  on  the 
E  by  the  river  St.  John,  and  from  thence 
by  a  line  drawn  from  the  head  of  that 
river  through  Lake  St.  John,  to  the  S  end 
of  the  Lake  Nepifting;  from  whence  the 
line  crofting  the  river  St.  I>awrence  and 
lake  ChampUin  in  the  45th  parallel  of  N 
latitude,  paftes  aloflg  the  high  lands  which 
divide  the  rivers  that  empty  themfelves 
into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  from  thofe 
which  fall  into  the  fta  ;  and  alfo  along 
the  N  coaft  of  the  Baye  de  Chaleurs,  and 
the  coaft  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  to 
Cape  Rofiers  ;  and  from  thence  crofTing 
the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  by 
the  W  end  of  the  iftand  of  Anticofti,  ter- 
minates at  the  river  St.  John.  An  act  of 
Parhament  pafTed  in  1774,  has  removed 
the  northern  and  weftcrn  limits  of  Que- 
bec, adding  to  its  jurifdi^ion  all  the  lauds 
comprifed  between  the  xiorthern  bounds 
of  N.  York,  the  weftcrn  Une  of  Pennfyl- 
vania,  the  Ohio,  the  MifEfippi,  and  the 
fouthern  boundaries  of  Hudfon's  Bay 
Company, 

Canada,  Upper,  commences  at  a  ftone 
boundary  on  the  N  bank  of  the  lake  St, 
Francis,  at  the  cove  W  of  Pointe  au  Eodet, 
in  the  limit  between  the  townfliip  of 
Lancaft-er  and  the  Seigniory  of  New  Lon- 
guc'uil,  running  along  the  faid  limit  in  the 
dirccSlion  of  N  34°  W,  to  the  weftcrnmoQ: 
angle  of  the  Seigniory  of  New  I>ongueiul  ^ 
thence  along  the  N  weftern  boundary  of 
the  Seigniory  of  Vaudreuil,  running  N 
25°  E,  until  it  ftrikes  the  Ottawa  river, 
and  afctnds  by  it  into  lakeTomifcanning  ;,. 
and  from  the  head  of  that  lake,  by  a  line 
drawn  due  N,  until  it  ftrikes  the  bound- 
ary line  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  v/hich  is  the 
parallel  of  49°  N  hititude,  including  al^ 
the  territory  to  the  weft  ward  and  fouth- 
ward  of  the  faid  line,  to  the  utmoft  extent 
of  the  country  known  by  the  name  of 
Canada,  This  province  was  divided  into 
19  counties- by  Proclamation  the  i6th  of 
July,  1 792,*viz;.  Addington,  Dundas,  Dur- 
ham, Eflex,  Erontenac,  Glcngarv,  Grea- 
ville,  Haftings,  Kent,  Leeds,  Lenox,  Lin- 
coln, Norfolk,  Northumberland,  Ontarioj 
Prince  Edward,  Stormont,  SuiFoIk,  York. 
They  fend  16  reprefentatives  to  the  pro- 
vincial parliament.  Thefe  counties  are 
divided  into  townftiips,  which,  ordinarily 

*  In  confequence  of  the  increafe  of  population, 
and  for  other  reafoiis,  an  atl  of  the  provuu:i-jl. 
parliament  has  lately  i^alied  for  the  furtluT  iWvXU 
ion  of  the  province,  by  which  tlie  diftricts  ar^t 
uividcdiiito  t%v  Ice  tlieii'  ibraier  nuiiibcr. 


CAN 


Can 


are  a  parallelogram  of  9  by  i a  mile?. 
From  the  lake  St.  Francis,  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence CO  lake  Ontario,  the  noi  thern  bank 
of  the  river,  is  laid  out  in  regular  coun- 
ties and  townfliips;  the  land  is  for  the 
inoft  part  fertile,  and  under  as  high  a  flate 
of  cultivation  as  can  be  expetSted  from  the 
time  it  has  been  fettled  ;  the  firft  improve- 
ments being  made  fince  the  peace  in  1783, 
■when  all  was  in  a  ftate  of  nature,  and 
heavily  timbered.  There  are  now  be- 
tween 30  and  40  mills  in  the  extent  men- 
tioned on  this  river,  the  mod  remarkable 
of  which  are  on  the  Gananoque.  Good 
roads  have  been  opened  and  bridges  well 
conflrudled  ;  feme  of  them  over  wet 
lands,  and  the  mouths  of  creeks  and  rivers 
of  very  confiderable  extent ;  and  the  firft 
fettlers  have  been  able,  by  their  very 
great  indu(try,to  erect  comfoi*tabie  houfes. 
In  the  rear  of  thefe  towiifliips  on  the  St. 
Lawrence  are  upwards  of  twenty  others,  i 
in  which  fectlements  have  commenced,  to 
the  fouthward  of  the  Ottawa  or  Grand 
river,  which  many  of  them  front ;  others 
are  well  fupplied  by  the  waters  of  the 
Radeau,anci  river  Petite  Nation,  with  the 
Gananoque  lakes  and  ftreams,  all  of  which 
afford  abundance  of  fiiuations  for  mills. 
Thefe  rivers,  like  mon:  other.s  in  Canada, 
abound  in  carpe,  fturgeon,  perch,  and  cat 
Bill ;  the  ponds  affording  green  and  other 
turtle,  with  fifli  of  various  forts.  The 
lands  in  their  vicinity  are  differently  tim- 
bered according  to  their  quality  and  fitu- 
ation.  The  dry  lands,  which  are  gener- 
ally high,  bear  oak  and  hickory  ;  the  low 
(•rounds  produce  walnut,  afli,  poplar, 
cherry,  fycamore,  beach,  maple,  elm,  &c 
and  in  fome  places  there  are  fwamps  full 
of  cedar  and  cyprefs.  The  banks  of  mo  ft 
of  the  creeks  abound  in  fine  pine  timber, 
and  the  creeks  themfelves  afford  in  gen- 
eral good  feats  for  faw  mills  ;  materials 
for  building  are  readily  procured.  The 
heads  of  the  rivers  Radeau,  and  Petite 
Nation,  communicate  by  fliort  portag 's,  ; 
or  carrying  places,  with  the  waters  that  j 
fall  into  the  St.  Lawrewce,  and  promife 
to  afford  great  advantages  to  all  kinds  of  j 
inland  communication.  The  forks  of  the 
Radeau,  about  which  are  the  townflnps 
of  Oxford,  Marlborough,  and  Gower, 
promife  to  be  at  fome  future  period,  an 
emporium  for  interior  commerce.  All 
the  townfliips  on  the  N  fide  of  lake  On- 
tario are  well  watered  by  fmall  ftreams, 
at  the  mouths  of  which  are  ponds  and 
low  land,  capable  of  being  drained  and 
converted  into  meadows.  Swytb. 


Canada,  Lozver,  is  divided  into  6  dif- 
tridls,  (»vhich  are  fubdivided  into  coun- 
ties and  townfliips)  viz.  Montreal^x\tx\.  to 
U.  Canada  ;  T^hr^  Rivers,  adjoining  it  on 
the  E  ;  ^ebec,  next  eaftward.  Thefe 
three  diftridts  extend  acrofs  L.  Canada, 
from  N  to  S,  and  are  interfe(£ted  by  the 
St.  Lawrence.  E  of  Quebec  Diftridl,  ex- 
tending along  the  N  bank  of  the  h't.  Law- 
rence to  its  mouth,  is  Northumberland,  and 
on  the  S  fide  oppofiie  is  Gomivall^s  ;  E  of 
which  is  the  diftriift  and  county  of  Gafpee^ 
on  the  point  of  land,  farrounded  on  the 
N,  E,  S,  and  S  W,  by  the  St.  Lawrence 
river  and  gulf,  and  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs. 
Of  Canada  in  generalj  embracing  both 
provinces,  it  may  be  faid,  thiit  winter 
continues  with  fuch  fevcrity,  from  De- 
cember to  April,  as  th.it  the  largeft  rivers 
are  frozen  ovei,  and  the  fnow  lies  com- 
monly from  four  to  fix  feet  deep  during 
the  winter.  But  the  air  is  fo  ferene  and 
clear,  and  the  inhabitants  fo  well  defend- 
ed againft  the  cold,  that  tlii?  fcafon  is  nei- 
ther unhealthy  nor  unpleafant.  The 
fpring  opens  fuddenly,  and  vegetation  is 
furpiifingly  rapid.  The  fummer  is  de- 
lightful, except  that  a  part  of  it  is  ex- 
tremely hot.  Though  the  climate  be 
cold,  and  the  winter  long  and  tedious,  the 
foil  is  in  general  very  good,  and  in  many 
parts  both  pleafant  and  fertile,  producing 
wheat,  barley,  rye,  with  many  other  forts 
of  grain,  fruits  and  vegetables  ;  tobacco, 
in  particular,  thrives  well,  and  is  much 
cultivated.  The  ille  of  Orleans,  near 
Quebec,  and  the  lands  upon  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  and  other  rivers,  arc  remark- 
able for  the  riehnefs  of  the  foil.  The 
meadow  grounds  in  Canada,  which  are 
well  watered,  yield  excellent  grafs,  and 
feed  great  numbers  of  great  and  fmall  cat- 
tle. From  Quebec,  to  Montreal,  which 
is  about  1 70  miles,  in  failing  up  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  the  eye  is  entertained  with 
beautiful  landfcapes,  the  banks  being  in 
many  places  very  bold  and  fteep,  and 
fliaded  with  lofty  trees.  The  farms  lie 
pretty  clofe  all  the  way,  fevcral  gentle- 
men's houfes,  neatly  buiit,  fliew  them- 
felves at  intervals,  and  there  is  all  the 
appearance  of  a  flourilhing  colony.  Ma- 
ny beautiful  idands  are  interfperfcd  in 
the  channel  of  the  river,  which  have  an 
agreeable  effc^ft  upon  the  eye.  By  the 
Quebec  act,  paffed  by  tiie  Parliament  of 
Great  Britain  in  the  year  1791,  it  is  en- 
abled, that  tliere  fliall  be  within  each  of 
the  provinces  of  Upper  and  Lower  Can- 
ada, a  legiflative  couueil,  and  an  affembly, 

who» 


CAN 


CAM 


WKo,  with  the  confent  of  the  governor,  ap- 
pointed by  the  king,  lliall  have  power  to 
make  laws.  The  legiflative  council  is  to 
conlift  of  not  fewer  than  7  members  for 
Upper,  and  15  for  Lower  Canada ;  to  be 
uimmoned  by  the  governor,  who  muft  be 
authorized  by  the  king.  Such  members 
are  to  hold  their  feats  for  life  ;  unlefs  for- 
feited by  4  years  continual  abfence,  or  by 
iwearing  allegiance  to  fome  foreign  pow- 
er. The  houfe  of  aflerably  is  to  coniift 
of  not  lefs  than  16  members  from  Upper, 
and  not  lefs  than  50  from  Lower  Canada ; 
chofen  by  the  freeholders  in  the  feveral 
towns  and  diflricSls.  The  council  and  af- 
fembly  are  to  be  called  together  at  leafl: 
once  in  every  year,  and  every  alTembly  is 
to  continue  4  ysars,  unlets  fooner  diflblv- 
cd  by  the  governor.  Britiili  America  is 
fuperintended  by  an  olHcer,  ftyled  Gover- 
nor General  of  the  4  Britifli  provinces  in 
N.  America,  whojbefide  other  powers,  is 
commander  in  chief  of  all  the  Britifli 
troops  in  the  4  provinces  and  the  govern- 
ments attached  to  them,  and  Newfound- 
land. Each  of  the  provinces  has  a  lieu- 
tenant governor,  who,  in  tho  abfence  of 
the  governor  general,  has  all  the  powers 
requifite  to  a  chief  magiftrate.  Lower 
Canada,  in  17 84,  contained  113,013.  Both 
provinces  contain  upwards  of  150,000 
fouls,  which  number  is  multiplying  both 
by  natural  increafe  and  by  immigration. 
As  muiy  as  about  9  icths  of  the  inhabit- 
ants of  thefe  provinces  arc  Roman  Catho- 
lics, who  enjoy,  under  the  prefent  gov- 
ernment, the  fame  provifion,  rights,  and 
privileges,  as  were  granted  them  in  1774, 
by  the  acl  of  the  14th  of  George  III.  The 
reft  of  the  people  are  Epifcopalians,  Pref- 
byterians,  and  a  few  of  almoft  all  the  dif- 
ferent fe6ts  of  chriftians.  The  amount  of 
the  exports  from  the  province  of  Quebec, 
in  the  year  1786,  was  ;C;343>^6s  :  19  -.  6. 
The  amount  of  imports  in  the  fame  year 
was  ^^,325,116.  The  exports  confifted  of 
\vheat,  flour,  bifcult,  flaxfeed,  lumber  of 
various  kinds,  fifli,  potalh,  oil,  gLnfeng  and 
other  medicinal  roots,  but  principally  of 
furs  and  pcltrics,tothc  amount  of  285,977/. 
The  imports  confifted  of  rum,  brandy, 
molaftes,  cofTeCjfugar,  wines,  tobacco,  fait, 
chocolate,  provifions  for  the  troops,  and 
lirv  goods.  This  country  was  difcovcred 
by  the  Englifli  as  early  as  about  1497  ; 
and  fettled  by  the  French  in  1608,  who 
kept  poflefljon  of  it  till  I760,  when  it  was 
tak^n  by  the  Britifli  aums,  and  at  the  trea- 
ty of  Paris,  in  1763,  was  ceded  by  France 
to  the  crown  of  England,  to  whoin  it  has 

V0L.J.  is: 


ever  fnice  belonged.  One  of  the  moft  r fv. 
markable  accidents  which  hiftory  records 
of  this  country,  is  the  earthquake  in  the 
year  1663,  which  overwhelmed  a  chain  of 
mountains  of  frceftone  more  than3oomilc5 
long,  and  changed  the  immenfe  tratSt  into 
a  plain.  See  Britijh  America^  and  Britaitiy 
Nttv,  for  further  particulars  concerning 
this  country. 

Canada^  a  bay  on  the  E  fide  of  New- 
foundland I.  between  White  and  Hare 
bays,  which  laft  lies  N  of  it. 

Canada  Creeks.  There  are  3  creeks  which 
bear  this  name ;  one  a  water  of  Wood 
creek,  which  it  meets  4  or  5  miles  N  N  W 
of  Fort  Stanwix  or  New  Fort  Schuyler. 
The  other  two  are  northern  branches  of 
Mohawk  R.  the  vpper  on^rfningles  its  wa- 
ters with  the  Mohawk  in  the  townfliip  of 
Herkemer,  on  the  German  flats,  16  miles 
below  Old  Fort  Schuyler  ;  over  the  mouth, 
of  it  is  a  bridge.  The<H:her  empties  into 
the  Mohawk  13  miles  below.  Both  thefe 
are  long,  rapid  and  unnavigable  ftreams, 
and  bring  a  confiderable  accelhon  of  w^a- 
ter  to  the  Mohawk.  The  lands  on  thefe 
creeks  are  exceedingly  rich  and  valuable, 
and  faft  fettling. 

CatiandarqueyA.  lake  and  creek,  in  Ontario 
CO.  N.  York.  The  lake  is  about  20  miles 
long  and  3  broad,  and  fends  its  waters  in  a 
N  eaftward  and  eaftward  courfe  t^s  miles 
to  Seneca  R. 

Cartandarqucy  a  poft  and  county  town  in 
Ontario  co.  N.  York.  It  ftands  at  the  N 
end  of  the  above  lake,  on  the  fcite  of  an 
ancient  town  of  the  Indians,  is  built  on 
one  ftreet  about  a  mile  in  length,  has  a 
number  of  elegant  buildings,  and  is  a  flour- 
ifliing  place.  It  is  8  miles  W  of  Geneva. 
Inhabitants  1 153.  From  Wafliington  446 
miles.  A  turnpike  road  is  completed  to 
this  place,  and  a  public  ftage  runs  to  it 
from  Albany. 

Canada  Saga, or  Seneca  lale.  See  the  latter. 

Canajohary^  a  poft  town  in  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  R.  a 
fine  townfliip  of  land,  40  miles  W  of  Sche- 
nectady, and  s6  miles  from  Albany.  It 
has  2265  inhabitants.  A  creek  named 
Canajohary  enters  the  Mohawk  in  this 
town.  In  this  townlhip,  on  the  bank  of 
the  Mohawk,  about  50  miles  from  Schcr 
neclady,  is  Indian  Cajlle,  fo  called,  the  feat 
of  old  king  Hendrick,  who  was  Idlled  la 
Sept.  1755,  at  Lake  George,  fighting  for 
the  Britiih  and  Americans  again  ft.  the 
French.  Here  are  now  the  remains  of  a 
Britifli  fort,  built  during  that  war,  aboj^jt 
60  paces  f<jUAr(?.  A  .^oU  i;tg«  af  the  vaiup 

<4f 


CAN 


CAN 


of  about  7  dollars  was  found  in  thefe 
ruin?  in  1793.  About  a  mile  and  half  W 
of  this  fort  ftands  a  church,  which  is  called 
Brandt's  church,  which  the  noted  chief  of 
that  name  is  faid  to  have  left  with  great 
reluclance.  This  was  the  principal  feat 
of  the  Mohawk  n;:tion  of  Indians,  and 
abounds  with  apple  trees  of  their  planting, 
from  the  fruit  of  which  is  made  cider  of  an 
excellent  quality. 

Cananea,  a  fmall  oblong  illand  in  the  cap- 
talnflilp  of  Brazil,  S.  America,  belonging 
to  the  Portuguefe,  oppolite  the  mouth  of 
Ararapiza  R..  on  the  S  lide  of  which 
flands  the  town  of  Cananea  to'  guard 
the  entrance  of  the  bay.  This  ifland  lies 
about  37  leagues  from  St.  Vincent.  S  lat. 
aj  10,  W  Ion.  47  12. 

Canar  Atan,  or  Great  Canar,  a  village  de- 
pendent on  the  city  of  Cuenca,  under  the 
jurifdiclion  of  the  province  of  Quito,  in 
Peru.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  riches  con- 
tained in  the  adjacent  mountains. 

Canard's  R.\n  tj.Canada,  empties  itfelf  in- 
to the  Detroit  R.  at  tlie  Huron  cornfields, 
fomewhat  below  Fighting  liland.  About 
4  miles  up  this  river  are  excellent  mill 
feats,  to  which  loaded  boats  can  go.  There 
Is  a  fine  limeftone  quarry  in  the  rear  of 
the  cornfields,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the 
Huron  referve.  Smyth. 

Canas^  or  Tinta,  a  jurifdic"tion  in  Peru,  S. 
America,  fubjecSt  to  the  bifliop  of  Cufco, 
1 8  leagues  from  that  city.  The  Cordille- 
ra divides  it  into  two  parts,  Canas,  and 
Canches  ;  the  former  abounding  in  corn 
and  frliits,  the  latter  in  cattle.  In  the 
■meadows  are  fed  no  lefs  than  30,ooomules, 
brought  hither  from  Tucuma  to  pafture  ; 
and  a  great  fair  is  held  here  for  thefe  crea- 
tures. In  Cqnas  is  the  famous  filver  mine 
called  Condonoma. 

Cancifcraga  Cret-k  runs  N  weftward  Into 
CeneiTee  R.  at  Williamfburgh  in  N.  York 
Hate. 

Canaivifqve,  a  \V  branch  of  Tioga  R.  rlf- 
es  In  Pennfylvanla. 

CaniUfl^  a  townihip  In  Rockingham  co. 
^.  HampHrire,  N  of  Cheftcr,  and  S  of 
Decrfield>  about  a6  miles  wcftward  of 
Portfmouth. 

CairiUemas  Shoals,  are  about  2  degrees  of 
lat.  due  N  of  Port  PraPiin,  difcovered, 
named,  and  pafiled  by  Mcndana,  in  1569. 

Cmiettey  a  city  in  Peru,  S.  AmcrlGa,  and 
capital  of  the  jurifditilion  of  Irs  name, 
which  produces  vafl:  quantities  of  wheat, 
maize,  and  fugar  canes.  It  Is  fubiecSt  to  the 
archbiihop  of  Lima,  and  is  6  leagues  from 
thtt  city.    S  lat,  is  14,  W  Ion.  75  ^8, 


Car.sy  ^ori,  a  branch  of  Cumbl&rland  R, 
joining  it  50  miles  eafterly  of  Nafhvillff, 
or  1 20  by  Its  meanders.  At  the  momh  It 
is  ICO  yards  wide. 

Carji'dd^  a  pofl  town  of  Trumbull  ftate, 
Ohio,  New  Connecticut,  321  miles  from 
V/afliington. 

Caniadcravro,  a  lake  In  Otfego  CO.  N.  York, 
nearly  as  large  as  Otfego  lake,  and  6  miles 
W  of  it.  A  ftream  called  Oaks  Creek  if- 
fues  from  it,  and  falls  into  Sufquehanna  R. 
about  5  miles  below  Otfego, 

Canicodeo  Creel-,  a  S  W  head  water  of  Ti- 
oga R.  In  N.  York,  which  interlocks  with 
the  head  waters  of  Genefiee  R.  and  jcini* 
Conefleo  creek  26  miles  W  N  W  from  the 
Painted  PciL 

Cannares,  Indians  of  the  province  of 
<2uito,  in  Peru.  They  are  very  well  made, 
and  very  atilive  ;  they  wear  their  hair 
long,  which  they  weave  and  bind  about 
their  heads  In  form  of  a  crown.  Their 
clothes  are  made  of  wool  or  cotton,  and 
they  wear  fine  fafliioned  boots.  Their 
women  are  handfome,  and  fond  of  the 
Spaniards  ;they  generally  till  and  manure 
the  ground,  whilft  their  hufoands  at  home, 
card,  fpin,  and  weave  wool  and  cotton. 
Their  country  had  many  rich  gold  mines, 
now  drained  by  the  Spaniards.  The  land 
bears  good  wheat  and  barley,  and  has  fine 
vineyards.  The  magnificent  palace  of 
Thccmauamha  was  hii  the  country  of  the 
Cannares. 

Cannavcra!,  Cape,  the  extreme  point  of 
rocks  on  the  E  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  E. 
Florida.  It  has  Mofquitos  Inlet  N  by  W, 
and  a  large  iTioal  S  by  E.  This  was  the 
boundary  of  Carolina  by  charter  from 
Charles  II.  N  lat.  28  2,5,  W  Ion.  8r  9. 

Cartjiayah,  a  village  on  the  N  fide  of 
Wafliington  I.  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N  A- 
merica. 

Caniief;s,  a  town  of  Loulfiana,  on  the  N 
bank  of  Red  R.  a  branch  of  the  IVliffihppu 

Canoe  Ridere,  a  rugged  mountain  about 
200  miles  W  of  Philadelphia,  forming  the 
E  boundary  of  Bald  Eagle  Valley. 

CammnkiLt  i/7r7W,  In  Newport  co.R.Iiland, 
lies  about  3  miles  W  of  Newport,  the  S 
end  of  which,  (called  Beaver  Tail,  on 
which  flands  the  light  houfe)  extends  a- 
bout  as  far  S  as  the  S  end  of  Rho4e  I.  It 
extends  N  about  7  miles.  Its  average 
breadth  being  about  one  mile  ;  the  E  iliore 
forming  the  W  part  of  Newport  harbour, 
and  the  W  fl^ore  being  about  3  milco  from 
the  Narraganfet  fliore.  On  this  point  is 
Jameftown.  It  was  purchafcd  of  the  In- 
dians in  1657, and  in  1678,  v/asincorpor- 

ate<i 


CAN 


CAP 


ated  by  the  name  of  Jameflown.  The  foil 
is  luxuriant,  producing  grain  and  grafs  in 
abundance.  Jameflown  contains  501  in- 
habitants. 

Cansjifburg,  a  pofl  town  in  Wafliington 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  N  lide  of  the  W 
branch  of  Chartiers  Creek,  which  runs  N 
by  E  into  Ohio  R.  about  5  miles  below 
Pittfburg.  In  its  environs  are  leveral  val- 
uable mills.  Here  are  about  50  houfes 
and  an  academy.  The  truftees  have  ob- 
tained a  College  charter  for  this  inftitu- 
tion,  as  alfo  fonie  pecuniary  aid  from  the 
Jegiilaturc.  It  has  already  produced  a  con- 
iiderable  number  of  valuable  public  char- 
acters. The  name  of  the  college  is  JefTer- 
Ibn,  and  it  has  near  100  ftudents.  In  the 
vicinity  of  this  place  is  a  coal  mine.  7 
miles  N  E  by  E  of  Walhington,  and  15  S 
W  of  Pittfburg. 

Ccutf;  y  or  Canceau,  an  ifland,  cape,  and 
fmall  Hilling  bank  on  the  S  E  coad  of  Nova 
Scotia,  about  40  leagues  E  by  N  of  Hali- 
fax ;  N  lat.  45  %o.  The  ille  is  fmall,  near 
the  continent  ;  N  E  from  Cape  Canfo, 
which  is  the  S  eaflernmofl  land  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Canfo  has  a  good  harbour  3  leagues 
deep.  Here  are  two  bays  of  fafe  anchor- 
age. Near  thefe  on  the  conthient  is  a  riv- 
er called  Salmon  R.  on  account  of  the 
great  quantity  of  falmon  taken  and  cured 
there.  It  is  believed  to  be  the  bed  fifiiery 
in  the  world  of  that  fort.  Limeftone  and 
plaifier  of  Paris  are  found  on  the  Gut  of 
Canfo.  This  gut  or  channel  is  very  nar- 
row, and  forms  the  paflagc  from  the  At- 
lantic into  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  be- 
tween Cape  Breton  ifland  and  Nova  Scotia. 

Canfo,  a  townfliip  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  the  above  named  place,  in  Halifax  co. 

Cantciy  a  town  and  jurifdi(£t;ion  under  the 
archbiiliop  of  iJma,  in  Peru.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  excellent  papas,  which  meet 
with  a  good  market  at  Lima,  5  leagues 
diftant  S  S  W.  Here  are  innumerable 
flocks  of  fliecp,  the  paftures  being  very 
rich  and  extenfive.  S  lat.  ii  48,  W  louu 
75  4.1- 

Canierhury,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampiliire,  fituated  on  the  caflern 
bank  of  Merrimack  R.  14  miles  N  by  W 
of  Concord,  45  N  W  of  Exeter,  and  48 
from  Portfmouth.  It  contains  1114  inhab- 
itants. 

Canterbury ^z.  pofl  towii  in  Windham  CO. 
ConnecElicut,  on  the  W  fide  of  Quinnabaug 
R.  which  feparates  it  from  Plai afield.  It 
is  7  miles  E  by  S  of  Windham,  and  about 
3  4  N  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  congrcgation- 
aJ.  m^'ting  houfes,  and  one  for  the  Bap- 


tifts,  and  a  flourillilng  academy.  The  W 
part  of  the  town  on  Ouinnabaug  is  excel- 
lent land,  highly  cultivated,  the  houfes 
handfome,  the  people  in  eafy  circumftan- 
ces.  Inhabitants,  i8iz.  It  is  412  miles  N 
E  of  Wafliington. 

CantivelVs  Bridge^  a  pofl  town;  in  New 
Caltle  CO.  Delawaie,  141  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Cantcn,  a  poll  town  in  Norfolk  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  incorporated  in  1797,  it  being 
formerly  the  northerly  part  of  Stoughton, 
inhabitants  inc. 

Cany  Forly  in  the  fcate  of  TeneiTee,  is  a 
fhort  navigable  river,  and  runs  N  W  into 
Cumberland  R.  W  of  the  Salt  Lick,  and 
oppohte  Salt  Lick  Creek,  30  miles  in  a 
ftraight  line  from  Nafliville. 

Cafaiita,  a  lai'ge  town  in  the  province  of 
Guaxaca.  The  country  round  ^bounds 
with  flieep,  cattle,  and  excellent  fruit. 

Cap^  St.  Av.dreivs,  on  the  coaft  of  Para- 
guay, or  La  Plata,  S.  America.  S  lat  3$ 
50,  W  Ion.  5946. 

CapeSt.Antonio,h  the  point  of  land  on  the 
fouthern  fide  of  La  Plata  R.in  S.  America, 
which,  with  Cape  St.  Mary  on  the  north- 
Avurd,  forms  the  mouth  of  that  river.  S 
lat.  36  32,  W  Ion,  56  34. 

Cape  Ht.  Augujfline,  on  the  coafl:  of  Brazil, 
S.  America,lies  fouthward  of  Pcrnambuco. 
S  lat.  10  15,  W  Ion.  'is  ^3* 

Cape  Bloiv  me  doivn,  which  is  the.  fouth- 
ern  fide  of  the  entrance  from  the  bay  of 
Fundy  into  the  Bafinof  Minas;  is  tl^.e  eaft- 
ernmofl.  termination  of  a  range  of  moun- 
tains, extending  about  80  or  90  miles  to 
tlie  gut  of  Annapohs  ;  bounded  N  by  the 
fliorcs  of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  and  S  by  the 
Hiores  of  Annapolis  R. 

Cape  Cor/,  anciently  called  Mal!charre.]:)y 
the  French,  is  the  S  eaflward  point  of  the 
bay  of  MaiTachufetts,  oppolite  Cape  Ann. 
N  lat.  4a  4,  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich,  70 
14.      See  Barnjlable  Co.  and  Pr evince  Toitm. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  a  head  land  and  townfliip 
in  Cumberland  co,  Maine.  The  cape  lies 
in  N  lat.  43  ^t,,  F.  by  S  from  the  centre 
of  the  town  9  miles  ;■  about  aoS  weflerly 
of  Cape  Small  Point,  and  1 2  N  E  from  the 
mouth  of  Saco  R.  The  town  has  Port- 
land on  the  N  E,  and  Scarborough  S  W", 
and  contains  1355  inhabitants.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1765,  and  lies  126  miles  N 
E  of  Boftom 

Cape  Feary  is  the  fouthcrn  point  of 
Smith's  I.Avblch  divides  the  mouth  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  into  two  channels,  on  the  coafl:  of 
N.  Carolina ;  S  W  of  Cape  Look  Out,  and 
remarkable  for  a  dangerous   flioal  called 

the 


CAP 


CAR 


the  Frying  Pan,  from  Its  form-  A  light 
houfe  ftantls  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
It  bears  W  N  VV  from  the  point  of  the 
Cape,  4  miles  diffent.  Near  this  cape  is 
Johnfon's  Fort,  in  Brunfwick  co.  and  dil- 
trict  of  Wilmington.  N  lat.  33  32,  W  Ion. 
78  25. 

Cape  Fear  R.  more  properly  Clarendon, 
affords  the  befl:  navigation  in  N.  Carohna. 
It  opens  to  the  Atlantic  ocean  by  2  chan- 
nels. The  S  weflern  and  largeft  channel 
between  the  S  W  end  of  Smith's  Lat  Bald 
Head,  where  the  light  houfe  ftands,  and 
the  E  end  of  Oakes  I.  S  W  from  Fort 
Johnrton.  The  new  inlet  is  between  the 
fea  coaft  and  the  N  E  end  of  Smith's  I.  It 
will  admit  veflels  drawing  10  or  11  feet, 
and  is  abcfnt  3  miles  wide  at  its  entrance, 
having  18  feet  water  at  full  tides  over  the 
bar.  It  continues  its  breadth  to  the  flats, 
and  is  navigable  for  large  velfels  21  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  14  from  Wilmington ; 
to  which  town  vellels  drawing  10  or  12 
feet  can  reach  without  any  rifle.  As  you 
afcend  this  river  you  leave  Brunfwick  on 
the  left,  and  Wilmington  on  the  right.  A 
little  above  Wilmington,  the  river  divides 
into  N  E  and  N  W  branches.  The  form- 
er is  broader  than  the  latter,  but  is  neither 
fo  deep  nor  fo  long.  TJie  N  W  branch 
rifes  within  a  few  miles  of  the  Virginia 
line  and  is  formed  by  the  jun6lion  of 
Haw  and  Deep  rivers.  Its  general  courfe 
33  S  eaflerly.  Sea  velTels  can  go  25  miles 
above  Wilmington,  and  large  boats  90 
miles,  to  Fayette vi lie.  The  N  E  branch 
joins  the  N  W  branch  a  little  above  Wil- 
mington, and  is  navigable  by  lea  veffels 
'20  miles  above  that  town,  and  by  large 
boats  to  South  Wafliington,  40  miles  fur- 
ther, and.  by  rafts  to  Saretfto,  which  is 
nearly  70  miles.  The  whole  length  of 
Cape  Fear  R.  is  about  200  miles. 

Zapc  HeSlor,  a  cape  of  the  N  W  coafl  of 
N.America,  in  lat  5157  20  N,  Ion.  133 
^7  W  Near  it  are  4  or  5  fmall  ifles, call- 
ed Kerowart  Iflcs. 

Cape  Hope,  on  the  N  weflerly  part  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  on  which  a  light  houfe 
is  to  be  erected  by  order  of  Congrcfs. 

Cape  Lock  Out,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  A- 
merica,  lat.  45  32  N,lon.  236  11  E. 

Cape  Orford,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  Amer- 
icaf  lat.  42  38  N,  Ion.  235  44  E.  The 
complexion  of  the  natives  in  the  vicinity- 
is  a  light  olive,  their  difpofition  is  more 
mild,  and  their  condudl  more  honeft  than 
is  common  among  American  favages. 

Cape  May,  is  the  S  weftemmoft  point  of 
the  ftate  of  N.  Jerfey,  and  of  the  county 


I  to  which  It  gives  name.  N  lat.  39,  W  Ion. 
75  2.  It  lies  20  miles  N  E  from  Cape 
Henlopen,  which  forms  the  S  W  point  of 
the  mouth  of  Delaware  bay,  as  Cape  May 
does  the  N  E. 

Cape  May  Co.  fpreads  northward  around 
the  cape  of  its  name,  is  a  healthy,  fandy 
tract  of  country,  34  miles  long,  ly  broad. 
The  county  is  divided  into  Upper,  Mid- 
dle, and  Lower  precindls.  The  number 
of  inhabitants  is  3066,  of  whom  98  are  in 
flavery.  At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  of- 
fice, 231  miles  from  Walhington. 

Caperi'uaca^  a  large  river  in  Guiana,  S. 
America. 

Cc^piapo,  a  harbour  in  Chili,  S.  America. 

Caraccas,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma,S. 
America,  lying  on  the  Ibuthern  coaft  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea.  This  coaft  is  bordered  in 
Its  greateft  length  by  a  chain  of  moun- 
tains, running  E  and  W,  and  divided  into 
many  fruitful  vail ies,  whole  diredllon  and 
opening  are  towards  the  N.  It  has  mari-, 
time  fortified  towns,  Puerto  Cabelo,  and 
La  Guayra.  The  Dutch  carry  thither  to 
the  Spaniards  all  forts  of  European  goods, 
elpecially  Hnen,  making  vaft  returns  of  lil- 
ver  and  cocoa.  [See  Robertfon's  Hift. 
Amer.Vol.  III.  p.  2,2>S  ^^^^  425.]  The  co- 
coa tree  grows  here  in  abundance  There 
are  from  500  to  2000  trees  in  a  walk,  or 
plantation.  Thefe  nuts  are  pafled  for 
money,  and  are  ufed  as  fuch  in  the  bay  of 
Campeachy.  N  lat.  10  iz,  W  ion.  67  10, 
See  lit.  "John  tie  Leon. 

Caramanta,  a  province  of  Teira  Firm?, 
S.  America,  lying  on  the  river  Cauca, 
bounded  N  by  the  diftricjl  of  Carthagena; 
F2  by  New  Granada  ;  and  S  and  W  by  Po- 
payan,  in  the  audience  of  Panama.  It  is  a^ 
valley,  fur  rounded  by  high  mountains  ; 
and  there  are  waters  from  which  the  na- 
tives extract  very  good  fait.  The  capital 
of  the  fame  name  lies  in  N  lat.  5  18,  W 
ion.  75  15. 

Caraugas,  a  province  and  jurifdidlion 
under  the  bifliop  of  Plata,  and  70  leagues 
W  of  that  city,  in  Peru,  very  barren  in 
corn  and  grain,  &.c.  but  atiounding  in  cat- 
tle. Here  are  a  great  number  of  ftlver 
mines  conftantly  worked,  among  which 
that  called  Tureo,  and  by  the  miners 
Machacado,  is  very  remarkable.  The  fi- 
bres of  the  lilver  forming  an  admirable  in- 
termixture with  the  (tone  ;  fuch  mines  are 
generally  the  richeft.  There  are  other 
maffes  of  filver  in  this  province  equally  re- 
markable, being  found  in  the  barren  fandy 
deferts,  where  they  find,  by  digging  only, 
detached  lumps  of  filver,  unmixed  with 

any 


CAR 


CAR 


sny  ore  or  ftone.  Thefe  lumps  arc  called 
iapas,  becaule  taken  out  of  the  ground  as 
that  root  is,  and  have  the  appearance  of 
melted  iilver  ;  which  proves  that  they  are 
thus  formed  by  fufion.  Some  of  thele  pa- 
pas have  weighed  from  50  to  150  marks, 
being  a  Paris  foot  in  length, 

Cara-vaga,  a  river  in  Peru,  S.  America, 
famed  for  its  golden  fands. 

CurJ/gan,  N.  Hampfliire-    See  Orange. 

Cariaco,  a  large  gulf  in  the  province  of 
Comana,  7'erra  Firma,  S.  America.  On 
the  northern  fide  at  its  mouth  is  Fort  St. 
Yflgo,  in  N  lat.  10  7,  Wlon.  63  30,  and  on 
the  Ibuthern  fide  Cape  Bordones. 

Ciiriacou,is  the  chief  of  thefmallifles  de- 
pendent on  Grenada  I.  in  the  W.Indies  ; 
lituated  4  leagues  from  Ifle  Rhonde,  which 
is  a  like  diftance  from  the  N  end  of  Gren- 
ada. It  contains  6913  acres  of  fertile  and 
well  cultivated  land,  producing  about  a 
million  lbs.  of  cotton,  belide  corn,  yams, 
potatoes  and  plantains  for  the  negroes. 
Jt  has  tv/o  fugar  plantations,  and  a  town 

called  HillJIiorrmgh. 

CarJbtaiia,  now  called  Pan'a,OT  Nctv  An- 
daliifia,  which  fee. 

Carihbee  IJIands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  extend 
in  a  femicircular  form  from  the  illand  of 
Porto  Rico,  the  eafternmofl  of  the  Antil- 
les, to  the  coafl  of  S.  America.  The  fea 
thus  inclofed,  by  the  main  land  and  the 
ifles,  is  called  the  Caribbean  Sea  ;  and  its 
great  channel  leads  N  weflward  to  the 
head  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  through  the 
Sea  of  Honduras.  The  chief  of  thefe  ifi- 
ands  are  Santa  Cruz,  Sombuca,  Anguilla, 
St.  Martin,  St.  Bartholomew,  Barbuda,  Sa- 
ba, St.  Euftatia,  St.  Chriftopher,  Nevis, 
Antigua,  Montferat,Guadaloupe,  Defeada, 
Mariagalantej  Dominico,  Martinico,  St. 
Vincent,  Barbadoes,  and  Grenada.  Thefe 
are  again  clafled  into  Windward  and  Lee- 
ward ifles  by  feamen,  v/ith  regard  to  the 
pfual  courfes  of  fliips  from  Old  Spain  or 
to  the  Canaries,  to  Carthagena  or  New 
Spain  and  Porto  Bello.  The  geographi- 
cal tables  and  maps  clafs  them  into  great 
and  little  Antilles  ;  and  authors  vary  niHch 
coccerning  this  lafl:  difi:in(5lion.  See  Art- 
iillfs.  The  Chara'ibcs  or  Caribbees  were  the 
ancient  natives  of  the  Windward  illands, 
hence  many,  geographers  confine  the  term 
to  thefe  ifles  only.  Moft  of  thefe  v/ere 
anciently  pofieiTed  by  a  nation  of  canni- 
bals, the  terror  of  the  mild  and  inofTenfive 
inhabitants  of  Hifpaniola  ;  who  frequent- 
ly expreffed  to  Columbus  their  dread  of 
thefe  fierce  invaders.  Thus  when  thefe 
•iflands  were  afterwards  difcovered  by  that 


great  man,  they  were  denominated  Char- 
ibbean  Ifles.  The  infular  Charaibes  are 
fuppofed  to  be  immediately  defcended 
[  from  the  Galibis  Indians,  or  Charaibes  of 
S.  America. 

Caribou^  an  ifland  towards  the  E  end  of 
Lake  Superior. 

Cartpous,  a  nation  of  S.  America,  inhab- 
iting a  country  to  the  N  of  the  river  Am- 
azon ;  who  are  at  perpetual  war  with  the 
Carribbees. 

Carleton  IJland,  Upper  Canada,  lies  near 
to  Grand  Illand,  oppolite  to  Kingfton,  and 
nearefl  the  S  fliore,  where  Lake  Ontario 
defcends  into  the  St.  Lawrence  :  Kingf- 
ton garrifon  furniflies  a  detachment  to 
this  place.  Smyth. 

Carl/fe,  a  town  of  Middlesex  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  containing  634  people,  ao  miles 
from  Bofton. 

Carlijle^  a  poft  and  chief  town  of  Cum- 
berland CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  port  road 
from  Philadelphia  to  Pittfburg  ;  is  125 
miles  W  by  N  from  the  former,  and  1 78  E 
from  the  latter,  and  18  S  \\'^  from  Harrif- 
burgh.  Its  fituation  is  pleafant  and  heal- 
thy, on  a  plain  near  the  fouthern  bank  of 
Conedogwinet  creek,  a  water  of  the  Suf- 
quehanna.  The  town  contains  above  400 
houfes,  chiefly  of  ftone  and  brick,  and 
203a  inhabitants.  The  ftrects  interfecT: 
each  other  at  right  angles,  and  the  public 
buildings  are  a  college,  court  honfe  and 
gaol,  and  4  edifices  for  public  worfliip. 
Of  thefe  the  Prefi^yterians,  Germans,  L- 
pifcopalians,  and  Roman  Catholics,  have 
each  one.  Dickinfon  College,  named  af- 
ter the  celebrated  John  Dickinfon,  Lfq. 
author  of  feveral  valuable  trails,  hag  a 
principal,  3  profeflbrs,  a  philofophical  ap- 
paratus, and  a  library  containing  near 
3000  volumes.  Its  revenue  arifes  from 
;(^4000  in  funded  certificates,  and  io,coo 
acres  of  land.  In  1787  there  were  80 
ftudents,  and  its  reputation  is  increaiing. 
This  town  has  had  a  rapid  growth. 

Carli/Ic,  a  bay  on  the  V7  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Barbadoes,  in  tlie  W.  Indies,  be- 
tween James  and  Charles  Forts,  on  v.^iich 
ftands  Bridgetown,  the  capital  of  the  ill- 
and, in  N  lat.  13  9,  W  Ion.  60  3. 

Carlos,  a  fort  on  the  N  coaft  of  Terra 
Firma,  on  an  iiland  which  commands  the 
channel  betVv^een  the  gulf  of  VciiCzuela, 
and  that  of  Maracaybo,  about  so  miles  N 
from  the  town  of  Maracaybo. 

Carlos,  or  "Juan  Ponce.      See  Calos. 

Carlos  a  town  of  Veragua,  in  N.  Spain, 
45  miles  S  W  of  Santa  Fe.  It  ftands  on  ji 
large  bay,  N  lat.  7  40,  W  Ion.  8i  10. 

Garhfa, 


CAR 


CAR 


Carhfa^  a  towii  in  the  interior  of  Brazil, 
j!h  the  15  th  degree  of  S  lat.  on  the  S  E  fide 
of  St.  Francis  R.  and  N  by  W  from  Villa 
Nova. 

CarmelyZ  town fl lip  in  Dutchefs  co.  N. 
York,  12  miles  N  E  of  Peeklkill,  having 
1979  inhabitants. 

Cannflo,  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  New  Al- 
bion, S  eaftward  of  Francifco  Bay,  N  lat. 
36  SS'  -^  little  northward  from  it  is  Sir 
Francis  Drake's  harbour,  where  that  navi- 
gator ipent  5  weeks. 

Car.wi-O)  a  cape  in  the  S.  Sea,  near  Santa 
Maria,  on  the  coail  of  Peru.  Lat.  i  25  S, 
Ion.  77  '.o  W. 

CarmfwlL-^  the  chief  town  of  Franklin 
CO.  Georgia,  100  miles  N  W  of  Augufla. 
It  contains  a  court  houfe,  and  gaol.  An 
academy  is  eftabliOied  here. 

Carolina.  See  Ilorth  Caro/ifta  and  South 
Carolina.  > 

Caroline  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  on  the  S  fide 
of  Rappahannock  R.  which  feparates  it 
from  King  George's  co.  It  is  about  40 
miles  fquarc,  and  contains  6857  free  in- 
habitants, and  10,581  Haves. 

Carolina  Co.  on  the  eafiem  lliore  in  Ma- 
ryland, borders  onDelaware  flate  to  the  E, 
and  contains  9226  inhabitants,  including 
1865  flaves.  It  is  34^  miles  long,  16  broad. 
It  is  well  watered  by  Choptank  R.  'f  ucka- 
hor  and  Marlliy  Hope  Creeks.  Its  chief 
town  Danton. 

Car  or  a.,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  N.Amer- 
ica, abont  no  miles  N  E  from  Gibraltar 
t)n  IVIaracaybo  Lake. 

Carouge,  Point,  the  northemmoft  extrem- 
ity of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W. 
Indies  ;  2S  miles  N  from  the  town  of  St. 

Carry  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

Carrantafca  Lagoon,  is  a  large  gulf  on  the 
S  fide  of  the  bay  of  Honduras,  about  70 
miles  N  W  of  Cape  Gracios  a  Dios,  and 
nearly  as  far  S  E  from  Brev/ers  Lagoon. 

Carter,  a  CO.  in  the  ftate  of  Teneflee, 
formed  of  a  part  of  the  co.  of  Wafliington. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N  by  fiullivan  co.  E 
])y  N.  Carolina,  S  and  W  by  Wafliington 
CO.  It  is  watered  by  the  Watuga  and  its 
branches,  and  contains  4813  people,  of 
whom  208  are  flaves. 

Carteret  Cape.     See  Roman. 

Cjrtcrety  a  maritime  co.  of  Newbern  dif- 
trict,  N.  Carolina,  on  Core  and  PamHco 
Sounds.  It  contains  3982  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 796  flaves.  Beaufort  is  the  chief 
town. 

Carter  s  Valley,  a  pleaiant  and  fertile  val- 
ley on  the  waters  of  Holfton  R.  feveraj 


miles  wide,  and  about  40  miles  long,  run- 
ning from  the  edge  of  Virginia,in  a  S  wefl- 
eiiy  dire<ftion  fo  as  to  include  Rogerfviile, 
in  Tcnefree.  It  croffes  the  N  fork  of  Hol- 
llon  and  feveral  creeks. 

Curtcifville,  a  pofl  town  in  Powhatan  co. 
Virginia,  on  the  S  fide  of  James  R.  40 
miles  above  Puchmond. 

Carthage.      See  Moore  Ceurt  Houfe. 
Carth:ig>-na,  a  bay,  harbour,  and  town, 
and  the  chief  fea  port  in  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.    The  city  of  Cartiiagena  is  large, 
rich,  and  fcrongly  fortified,  and  tho  chief 
of  the  province  of  the  fame  name,  with  a 
bifliop's  fee,  and  one  of  the  befl  harbours 
in  America.     'I 'he entrance  into  this  is  fo 
narrow  that  only  one  fliip  can  enter  at  a    > 
time  ;  and  it  is  defended  by  3  forts.     All 
the  revenues  of  the  king  of  Spain  from 
N.Grenada  and  Terra  Firma,  are  brought 
to  this  place.     Sir  Francis  Drake  took  this- 
city,  arid  carried  off  immenfe  plunder   in 
I  1585.     The  French  plundered  it  in  1697  ; 
i  but  Adni. Vernon,  hi  1741,  though  he  had 
j  taken  the  caftles,  was  obliged  to  abandon 
I  the  liege, for  want  of  ikill  in  the  command- 
ers of  the  land  forces,  and   the   ficknefs 
;  that  was  among  them,  not  to  mention  the 
'  difference  between  the  admiral  and  the 
general.      The  ftreets  of  the    town  are 
\  ftraight,  broad  and  well  paved.   T  he  houf- 
es  are  built  of  flone  or  brick,  and  are  one 
fiory  high,  and   contains    25,000    fouls.. 
Here  is  iilfo  a  court  of  inquifition.    N  lat. 
;  10  27,  W  Ion.  75  22. 
I       Carthago,  formerly  a  confiderable  town 
of  Nev.'-  Spain  in  N  America,  in  the  prov- 
'  ince  of  Colla  Rica,  v/ith  a  biiliop's  fee,  and 
the  feat  of  a  Spanifa  governor  ;  at  prcf- 
:  ent  mean  and  inconfiderable  ;  and  is  360 
\  miles  W  of  Panama.  N  lat.  9  5,  W  Ion.  83. 
Carvel  of  St.  Thomas,  a  rock  between  the 
;  Virgin  iHes  E  and  Porto   Rico  oi^^the  W. 
,  At  a  fmall  diftance  it  appears  like   a  fail, 
as  it  is  white  imd  has  two  points.  Between 
:  it,  and  St.  Thomas,    paffes   Sir  Francis. 

Drake's  channel. 
;  Carver^  a  townfiiip  in  Plymouth  co.- 
'  Maflachufetts.  Here  is  a  pond  with  fuch 
'  plenty  of  iron  ore,  that  500  tons  have 
i  been  dragged  out  of  the  clear  water  in  a 
i  year.  I'hey  have  a  furnace  upon  a  flream 
j  which  runs  from  the  pond  ;  and  the  iron 
!  made  of  this  ore  is  better  than  that  made 
j  out  of  bog  ore,  and  fome  is  almofl:  as  good 
:  as  refined  iron.  It  is  50  miles  S  E  from 
Boftou,  and  contains  863  fouls. 

Carver's  JUver,  a  branch  of  St.  Peter's  R. 
which  empties  into  the  Millifippi.  See 
St.  Pierre^  or  Pder's  River. 

CafacorcT^ 


C  AS 


eAf 


Cjfucores,  a  lake  in  Paraguay  or  La 
Plata  in  S.  America,  about  too  miles 
long. 

Cci/co  Bay,  m  Maine,  fpreads  N  W  be- 
tween Cape  Elizabeth  on  the  S  W,  and 
Cape  Sniail  Point  on  the  N  E.  Within 
tliefe  points,  which  are  about  40  miles 
apart,  are  about  300  Irnall  iflands,  fome 
of  which  are  inhabited,  and  nearly  all 
more  or  lels  cultivated.  The  land  on 
thefe  iflands,  and  on  the  oppofite  coaft 
on  the  main,  is  the  beft  for  agriculture 
of  any  on  the  fea  coaft  of  this  country. 
Cafco  includes  levcral  bays.  Ala^uo/t Buy 
lies  about  20  miles  N  of  Cape  Elizabeth. 
The  waters  of  Cafco  extend  feveral  arms 
or  creeks  of  fait  wafer  into  the  country. 
The  waters  go  up  Meadcws  R.  where  vef- 
fels  of  a  confiderable  lize  are  carried  by 
the  tide,  and  where  it  flows  within  i  mile 
of  the  waters  of  Kenncbeck.  On  the  E 
fide  of  Cape  Elizabeth  is  the  arm  of  the 
fea  called  Siroudivater.  Farther  E  is  Pte- 
fumpfcot  R,  formerly  called  Prefumpkcag, 
which  rifes  in  Sebago  Pond.  This  river 
opens  to  the  Avaters  of  Cafco  Bay  on  the 
E  of  Portland  ;  its  extent  is  not  great, 
but  it  has  feveral  valuable  mills  upon  it. 
Royal's  R.  called  by  the  natives  Weftecuf- 
tego,  falls  into  the  bay  6  miles  from  Pre- 
fumpfcot  R.  It  has  a  good  harbour  at 
its  mouth  for  fmall  veiTcls ;  and  has  fev- 
eral mills  upon  it  ;  2  miles  higher  a  fall 
obftru(5ls  the  navigation.  Between  it  and 
Kennebeck  there  are  no  rivers  ;  fome 
creeks  and  harbours  of  Cafco  Bay  pro- 
je<St  into  the  main  land,  affording  har- 
bours for  fmall  veflels,  and  interfed:ing 
the  country  in  various  forms. 
,  Cij/quipibiac,  a  river  on  the  N  fide  of 
Chaleur  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is  a 
fmal!  cod  and  falmon  fifnery. 

Cafpcan,  or  Beautiful,  a  fmall  lake  in 
Greenfborough,  Vcrn.ont.  It  has  Hazen 
block  houfc  on  its  weftern  fide.  It  is  a 
head  water  of  "La  Moilie  river. 

Cajfitah,  or  Cujjitah,  an  Indian  town,  in 
the  weftern  part  of  Georgia,  which,  as 
well  as  the  Cow<  ta  town,  is  60  miles  be- 
low the  Horfe  Ford,  on  Chattahoufee 
river,  ?nd  i%  above  the  Broken  Arrow. 

Cajifle  del  Cro.      See  Terra  Firma. 

Cafine,  a  pofl  and  fhire  town  of  Han- 
tock  CO.  J^-i'.iine,  is  fituated  on  Penobfcot 
bay.  It  was  taken  from  the  town  of  Pe- 
nobfcot, and  incorporated  in  Feb.  1796. 
It  is  named  after  a  French  gentleman  who 


refided  here  140  years  ago.     It  is  a  flour- 
illiingplacr,  and  has  665  inhabitants. 
Cajtlne  Rivir^h  about  1 4  miios  long,  is 


11  navigable  for  6  miles,  and  has   feveral 
'  mills  at  the  head  of  it.     It  empties  into 
Penobfcot  bay. 

Cafihtoivn,  a  townfliip  in  Richmond  co. 
Statcu  I.  N.  York,   which  contains   IO55 
I  inhabitants,  including  ico  flaves. 

CaJlLton,  a  townfliip  and  river  in  Rut- 
!  land  CO.  Vermont,  20  miles  S  E  of  Mt.  In- 
}  dependence  at  Ticonderoga.     Lake  Bom- 
j  bazon  is  chiefly  in  this  town,  and   fends 
j  its  waters  into  Caflleton  R.  which,  riling 
,  in  Pittsford,  paffes  through  this  town  in  a. 
S  wefterly  courfe,  and  falls  into  Pultney 
R.  in  the  town  of  Fairhaven,  a  little  be* 
low  Col.  Lyon's  iron  works.     Fort  War- 
ner (lands  in    this    town.      Inhabitants 
1038. 

Cajlors  R  in  Newfoundland,  I.  empties 
in  the  harbour  of  St.  John's.  Its  fize  is 
confiderable  for  15  miles  from  the  fea. 

Cajlroy  a  ftrong  town  in  S.  America,  in 
Chili,  and  capital  of  the  ifland  of  Chiloe. 
It  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  1643,  and 
is  1 80  miles  S  of  Baldivia  ;  fubje<3:  to 
Spain. 

Cajlro  Virreyna,  or  Vircgna,  a  town  and 
jurifdi(5lion,  in  S.  America,  in  Peru,  fulr*- 
je<ft  to  the  archbilliop  of  Lima,  remark- 
able for  it  valuable  wool,  grain,  fruits, 
filver  mines,  tobacco,  and  wholefome  air. 
The  town  is  1 25  miles  S  E  of  Lima.  S 
lat.  12  50,  W  Ion.  74  45. 

Cafii-dl  Co.  in  Hillfborough  diflria:,  N. 
Carolina,  borders  on  Virginia  N.  It  con- 
tains 8701  inhabitants,  of  whom  2788  are 
Haves.  Leelburg  is  the  chief  town.  At 
the  court  houfeisa  poll:  office,  326  miles 
from  Walliington. 

Cat  IJland, or  Guanabani,  one  of  the  Ba- 
hama lilands.  It  was  the  firft  land  dif- 
covered  by  Columbus,  to  which  he  gave 
the  name  of  St.  Salvadore,  Odl.  11, 1492. 
It  lies  on  a  particular  bank  to  the  E  of 
the  Great  Bahama  Bank,  from  which  it 
is  parted  by  a  narrow  channel,  called 
Exuma  Sound.  N  lar.  24  30,  W  Ion. 
74  50- 

Catahaiu  Rimer.     See  JVatsree. 

Catabaiv  Indians,  a  fmall  tribe  who  have 
one  town  called  Catabaw,  fituated  on  the 
river  of  that  name,  N  lat.  34  49,  on  thft. 
boundary  line  between  N.  and  S.  Carolina, 
and  contains  about  450  inhabitants,  of 
I  which  about  150  are  fighting  men.  They 
are  the  only  tribe  which  refides  in  the 
ftate  :  144,000  acres  of  land  were  granted 
them  by  the  proprietary  government. 
Thefe  are  the  remains  of  a  formidable  na- 
tion, the  braveft  and  moft  generous  enemy 
the  fix  nations  had  ;  but  they  have  de- 
generated 


CAV 


CAV 


*«iiefated  fince  they  have  been  fuiTOund- 
cd  by  the  whites. 

Catahaiv  Springs^  Lincoln  CO.  N.  Caroli- 
na. Here  is  a  poll  office,  495  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

CataraqtiUy  or  CaUraqui,  appear  in  old 
maps,  thus  varied,  as  the  name  of  Lake 
Ontario,  and  its  cutlet  Iroquois  R.  but 
thefe  names  are  now  obfolete. 

CaiaiJoeJTy^  a  poft  town  in  Northumber- 
land CO.  Pcnnlylvania,  on  the  S  E  bank  of 
the  K  branch  of  Sulquehanna  R.  oppofite 
the  mouth  of  Filhing  Creek,  and  about 
ao  miles  NE  of  Sunbury. 

Cuthanse,  a  finall  river  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  which  rifes  inTopihara,  and  emp- 
ties into  Merrry  Meeting  Bay,  and  has 
fcveral  mills  upon  it. 

Catherine  JJk,  St.  is  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
?:il,  two  leagues  in  breadth  from  E  to  W, 
and  more  than  ic.  leagues  long  from  N  to 
S.  The  narrowefl:  part  of  the  channel, 
which  feparates  it  from  the  main,  is  not 
more  than  aoo  toifes  wide.  On  this  point, 
extendingintothe  channel,isthecity  Noftra 
Senora  del  Deftero,  containing  400  houfes, 
and  3000  inhabitants.  It  is  the  refidence 
of  the  Governor,  and  capital  of  the  111- 
and.  The  fettlements  are  near  the  ftiore. 
A  great  part  of  the  ifland  is  covered  by 
impervious  forefts  of  lofty  evergreens, 
where  fnakes  of  mortal  poifon  lurk.  Veg- 
etables, fruits  and  corn  fpontaneoufly  rile 
from  this  fertile  foil.  Plants,  orange  trees, 
and  flirubs  of  delightful  fragrance  cover 
the  plantations.  Whales  abound  in  the 
furrovmding  waters.  Lat.  27  10  S,  Ion.  49 
49  W.  Alfb  a  pleafant  ifland  in  the  har- 
bour of  Sunbury,  Georgia.  Alfo,  a  fmall, 
produ6live  ifland  on  the  fouth  coaft  of  St. 
Domingo,  ao  leagues  eaftward  of  the  town 
of  St.  Domingo. 

Cuthcrints  Town,  in  Tioga  CO.  N.  York, 
at  the  S  end  of  Seneca  lake.  Here  is  a 
poft  office,  390  miles  from  Wailiington. 
It  has  ^lG  inhabitants. 

Catjhill,  a  poft  town.  Green  co.  N.  York, 
383  milesfrom  Wafliington. 

Catabunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  ifles.  In 
the  ftate  of  Maftachufetts.  See  Buz- 
acntff  Bay. 

Cathcraugus  Creel,  a  confiderable  ftream- 
Wiiich  runs  into  I^akeErie.  Six  miles  from 
its  mouth    is  a  village    of  Seneca  Indians. 

Caiica,  a  river  in  the  ifthmus  of  Darlen, 
whofe  fource  is  in  common  with  that  of 
I>a  Magdaleua,  in  the  lake  Papos,  near 
(he  8th  deg.  of  S  lat.  and  which  falls  into 
this  laft  river. 

CaiaUo^  a  fea  port  town  in  the  prov- 


ince of  Venezuela  or  ifthmus  of  Darierfj 
25  miles  N  E  of  St.  Jago  de  Leon.  It  \i 
well  fortified,  and  in  a  former  war  wa^ 
unfuccefsfully  attacked  by  Commodore 
Knowles.     Lat.  10  15,  Ion.  68  1  ^. 

Cwvaillony  a  town  on  the  S  lide  of  the 
S  peninfuia  of  the  iHand  of  St.  Domingo, 
about  three  leagues  N  E  of  Les  Cayes,  and 
5  W  by  S  of  St.  Louis.     N  lat.  18  16. 

Cavetidlfj,  a  poft  town  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  W  of  Weathers{ield,on  Blackriv- 
er,having  1016  inhabitants.  Upon  thisriv- 
er,  and  within  this  townfliip,  the  chan- 
nel has  been  worn  down  ico  feet,  and 
rocks  of  very  large  dimenfions  have  been 
undermined  and  thrown  down  one  upon 
another.  Holes  are  wrought  in  the  rock* 
of  various  dimenfions,  and  forms  ;  fome 
cylindrical,  from  i  to  8  feet  in  diameter, 
and  from  i  to  15  feet  in  depth  ;  others  are 
of  a  fpherical  form,  from  6  to  20  feet  di- 
ameter, worn  almoft  perfectly  fmooth,  in- 
to the  folid  body  of  a  rock. 

Cavogliero,  a  bay  on  the  S  fide  of  the  if- 
land of  St.  Domingo,  at  the  mouth  of  the" 
river  Romaine,  24  leagues  E  of  St.  Domin- 

Cdxamarqua,  a  jurifdiclion  in  Peru,  S. 
America,  under  the  bifliop  of  Truxillo, 
lying  between  the  two  Cordilleras  of  the 
Andes  ;  it  produces  plenty  of  all  kinds  of 
grain,  fruits  and  vegetables  ;  alfo  cattle, 
and  efpecially  hogs.  They  have  here  a 
coniiderable  trade  with  Chincay,  l^ima, 
Truxillo,  &c.  Here  the  Indians  weave 
cotton  for  fliips'  fails,  bed  curtains,  quilts, 
hammocks,  &c.  There  are  fome  lilver 
mines,  but  of  little  confequence.  The 
town  of  the  fame  name  is  lituated  N  E 
frpm  the  city    ofTruxillo. 

Caxafnarquda,  a  fmall  jurifdicStion  fike- 
wife  in  Peru,  under  the  bifhop  of  Trux- 
illo. 

Cayahaga,  or  Cayuga,  fometimes  called- 
the  Great  river,in  Ohio  State,Trumbullccx 
empties  in  at  the  S  bank  of  Lake  Eric,  40 
miles  eaftward  of  the  mouth  of  Huron  ; 
having  an  Indian  tov/n  of  the  fame  name 
on  its  banks.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  ; 
and  its  mouth  is  wide,  and  deep  enough  to 
receive  large  Hoops  from  the  lake.  Near 
I  this  are  the  celebrated  rocks  which  project 
jl  over  the  lake.  I'hey  are  feveral  miles  in 
length,  and  rife  40  or  50  feet  perpendiciv- 
lar  out  of  the  water.  Some  parts  of  thcia 
conftft  of  feveral  ftrata  of  different  col- 
ours, lying  in  a  horizontal  direv5lIon  ;  and 
fo  exactly  parallel,  that  they  rtfemble  the 
work  of  art.  The  view  from  the  land  is 
grand,  but  the  water  prefenta  the  moft 
maiiuiiicent 


't  A  Y 


CAY 


*?na^nifi<Jent  profpeA  of  this  fubllme  work 
cf  nature;  it  is  attended,  however,  with 
great  danger  ;  for  if  the  leafl;  (torm  arifes, 
the  force  of  the  furf  is  fuch  that  no  vef 
fel  can  efcapc  being  dallied  to  pieces 
againfl:  the  rocks.  Col.  Broadfliead  fuf- 
fered  iliipwreck  herein  the  late  war,  and 
loft  a  number  of  his  men,  when  a  flrong 
wind  arofe,  I'o  that  the  laft  canoe  narrow- 
ly cfcaped.  The  heathen  hidians,  when 
they  pals  this  impending  danger,  offer  a 
facrifice  of  tobacco  to  the  water.  Part  of 
the  boundary  line  between  the  U.S  A. and 
the  Indians,  begins  at  the  mouth  of  Caya- 
lioga,  and  runs  up  the  fame  to  the  portage 
between  that  and  the  Tufcarawa  branch 
of  the  Mufkingum.  The  Cayuga  nation, 
conlifting  of  500  Indians,  40  of  whom  re- 
fide  in  the  United  States,  the  reft  in  Can- 
ada, receive  of  the  ftate  of  N.  York  an 
annuity  of  2300  dollars,  befidcjo  dollars 
granted  to  one  of  their  chiefs,  as  a  con- 
iideration  for  lands  fold  by  them  to  the 
ftate,  and  500  dols,  from  the  United  States, 
agreeably  to  the  treaty  of  1794.  Sec  Six 
I^ations. 

Cayenne,  k  province  in  S.  America,  be- 
longing to  the  French,  and  the  only  part 
of  the  continent  whicix  they  pollefs  ; 
bounded  N  and  E  by  the  Atlantic  ocean  ; 
S  by  Amazonia  ;  and  W  by  Guiana,  or 
Surinam.  It  extends  240  miles  along  the 
coaft  of  Guiana,  and  nearly  300  miles 
within  land  ;  lying  between  the  equator 
and  the  5  th  degree  of  N  lat.  The  coaft 
is  low  and  marlliy,  and  fubjevSl  to  inunda- 
tions, from  the  multitude  of  rivers  which 
rufti  down  the  mountains  with  great  im- 
petuoiity.  The  foil  is  in  many  places  fer- 
tile, producing  fugar,  tobacco,  Indian  corn, 
fruits,  &c.  The  French  have  taken  pof- 
feflion  of  an  ifland  upon  the  coaft  called 
alfo  Cayenne,  which,  as  likewife  the  whole 
country,  takes  its  name  from  the  river 
that  is  northward  of  it. 

Cayenne  R.  rjfcs  in  the  mountains  near 
the  lake  of  Paime,  runs  through  the  coun- 
try of  the  Galibis,  a  nation  of  Charibbee 
Indians,  and  is  100  leagues  long  ;  the  ifl- 
and which  it  environs,  is  18  leagues  in 
circuit,  is  good  and  fertile,  but  unhealthy. 
In  175a,  the  exports  of  the  colony  were 
260,541  lbs.  of  arnotto,  80,363  lbs.  fugar, 
.17,919  lbs.  cotton,  26,881  lbs.  cofFee,9i,9i6 
lbs.  cocoa,  befide  timber  and  planks.  The 
French  firft  fet:led  here  in  1615,  and  built 
the  fort  of  Ceperoa,  but  were  often  forc- 
ed to  quit  it,  yet  returiied  thither  again, 
as  in  1640, 1652,  and  1654,  and  v/ere  forc- 
ed to  leave  it  for  want  of  reinforcements. 
Vol.  l  L 


The  Dutch  fettled  here  in  1 65  6,  but  wef© 
driven  out  by  M.  de  la  Barre.  TheDutch 
had  their  revenge  in  1676,  and  drove  out 
the  French  ;  but  were  themlelves  bett 
out,  the  year  after,  by  D'Eftrees. 

Cjyes,  Les^  a  feaport  town  on  the  S  fide; 
of  theS  peninfula  of  the  ill. of  St.Domingo, 
13  leagues  W  by  S  of  St.  Louis.  N  lat.  18  12. 

Cayloma,  a  jurifdidHon  under  the  bifliop 
of  Arequipa,  32  leagues  E  of  that  city,  ia 
S.America,  in  Peru,  famous  for  the  filver 
mines  in  the  mountains  of  the  fame  name  ; 
which  are  very  rich,  though  they  have 
been  worked  for  a  long  time.  The  coun- 
try round  it  is  cold  and  barren.  Inhere  is 
an  office  here  for  receiving  the  king's 
fifths,  and  vending  quickfilver. 

Caymans,  3  fmall  iflands,  ^$  leagues  N 
N  V/  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  W.  I.  the 
moft  foutherly  of  which  is  called  the  Great 
Caymans,  which  is  inhabited  by  160  peo- 
ple, w^ho  are  defcendants  of  the  old  buc- 
caniers.  It  has  no  harbour  for  fliips  of 
burden,  only  a  tolerable  anchoring  place 
on  the  S  W.  The  climate  and  foil  are 
fingularly  falubrious,  and  the  people  are 
vigorous  and  commonly  live  to  a  great 
age.  They  ralfe  all  kinds  of  produce  for 
their  own  ufe  and  to  fpare.  Their  chief 
employment  is  to  pilot  vefTels  to  the  adja- 
cent iilands,  and  to  fiili  for  turtle  ;  with 
which  laft  they  fupply  Port  Royal  and 
other  places  in  great  quantities.  Great 
Caymans  lies  in  N  lat.  15  ^j  8,  W  Ion.  80  50. 

Cay?mtc,  Grande,  an  iHand  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  S  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, 2  leagues  long  and  I  broad. 

Cayuva,  a  CO.  of  N.  York,  containing 
21,636  inhabitants.  It  is  watered  by  Ca- 
yuga Lake,  and  the  branches  of  Ofwego 
R.  The  lands  are  fertile.  The  principal 
town  of  the  fame  name,  has  a  poft  office 
439  miles  from  Walliington. 

Cayuga,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Cayuga  op. 
N.  York,  from  35  to  40  miles  long,  about 
2  miles  vv  ide,!n  fome  places  3,  and  abounds 
with  falmon;  bafs,  cattiiL,  eels,  &c.  It  lie» 
between  Seaeca  and  Owafco  lake,  and  at 
the  N  end  empties  into  Scayace  P^  which. 
is  the  S  eaftern  part  of  Seneca  R.  ^^'hofe 
waters  run  to  lake  Ontario.  A  bridge  is 
ereeted  over  this  lake  on  the  turnpike 
road  from  Albany  to  Niagara.  It  is  laid  om 
2IO  tr cities,  each  ccnfifts  of  3  pofts,  con- 
nedled  by  4  girts  and  4  braces.  The  pofts 
are  funk  to  hard  gravel  which  is  generally 
about  30  feet  from  the  furface  cf  the  wa-» 
ter.  Ti\ey  are  25  feet  apart.  Its  length 
is  one  mile,  the  expenfe  was  20,oco  dollars. 
The  rel'erv^tiqn  lands  <?f  tl;e  Cayuga  lur 


C  H  A 


CHA 


liirans  lie  on  both  fides  of  the  lake,  at  its 
northern  end. 

Cazares,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  An^do. 

Cazsnoviay  a  thriving  port  town  in  Che- 
nango CO,  N.  York,  40  miles  wefhvard  of 
Whiteflown.     It  has  3080  inhnbitants. 
1^    C'cil,  a  townlTiip  in    Wailiington    co. 
Pennfyivania. 

Cecil,  a  CO.  of  Maryland,  on  the  eaftern 
fhore  of  the  Chefapeak,  containing  9018 
inhabitants,  2103  oftheieare  Haves 

Cedar  Like  in  U.  Canada,  through  which 
paiTes  the  Sulkatchawine,  which  runs  into 
Winipeg  lake.  It  is  from  4  to  iz  miles 
wide,  exclulive  of  its  bays.  Its  banks  are 
covered  with  v/ood,  wJiich  abound  in 
game  ;  its  waters  are  ftored  with  fifli. 

Cedar  Point,  a  port  of  entry  in  Charles 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  E  fide  of  Patowmac 
R.  about  12  miles  below  Port  Tobacco, 
and  96  S  by  W  of  Baltimore.  Its  exports 
are  chiefly  tobacco  and  Indian  corn,  and 
in  1794,  amounted  in  value  to  18,593  dol- 
lars. 

Cedar  Pmnt,  a  cape  on  the  W  fide  of 
Delaware  Bay  in  St.  Mary's  co.  Mir  -land. 

Cedar  L'ck,  a  fait  fpring  in  Tenelfee,  19 
miles  from  Nafliviile. 

Centre,2i  CO.  of  Pennfyivania,  bounded  N 
by  Lycoming,  and  E  by  Northumberland, 
containing  93,824  acres.  Chief  town, 
Bellefont. 

Centreville,  the  chief  town  of  Queen 
Anne's  co.  and  on  the  E  fide  of  Chefapeak 
bay  in  Maryland.  It  is  a  port  town,  and 
lies  between  the  forks  of  Corlica  creek, 
whicii  runs  into  Cheiler  R.  18  miles  S  of 
ehefler  ;  -54  S  E  by  E  of  Baltimore,  and 
95  S  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia-     N  lat.  39  6, 

Centre'uilie,  a  poft  town  of  Fairfax  CO.  Vir- 
ginia, 26  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cejfares,  a  territory  northward  of  Pata- 
gonia In  S  America,  in  the  48th  degree  of 
S  lat  inhabited  by  a  mixt  tribe  of  that 
iiame,  dcfcended  from  the  Spaniards  ;  be- 
ing the  dcfcendants  of  3  fliips  that  were 
wrecked  on  this  coaft  in  1540. 

Chahaquiddich  IJle,  belongs  to  Duke's  CO. 
Maflachufetts.  It  lies  near  to,  and  ex- 
tends acrofs  the  E  end  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard ifland. 

Chacapoyas,  a  jurifdidtion  under  the  bifli- 
Op  of  Truxlllo,  in  Peru,  S.  America.  The 
Indians  make  a  great  variety  of  cottons 
and  tapeflry  here,  which  for  the  livelinefs 
of  the  colours  and  neatnefs  of  the  work 
deferve  attention.  They  alfo  make  cotton 
fail  cloth      It  lies  within  the  Cordilleras. 

Cha6iaivs,  or  flat  heads,  are  a  powerful, 
Ji^dy,  fubtiU"  and  intrepid  race  of  ludians. 


who  inhabit  a  very  fine  and  extenriTS*- 
trad:  of  hilly  country,  with  large  and  fer- 
tile plains  intervening  between  the  Ala- 
bama and  MilTifippi  rivers,  and  in  thci 
weftern  part  of  the  (tate  of  Georgia.  This- 
nation  had,  not  many  years  ago,  43  towns 
and  villages,  in  3  divifions, containing  6000 
fouls.  They  .are  called  by  the  traders 
Flatheads,  ail  the  males  having  the  fore 
and  hiud  part  of  their  ikulls  artificially 
flattened  when  young.  Thefe  men.unli ke 
the  Miifcogulges,  are  flovenly  and  negli- 
gent in  every  part  of  their  drefs,  but 
otherwife  are  faid  to  be  ingenious,  fenii- 
ble,  and  virtuous  men,  bold  and  intrepid, 
yet  quiet  and  peaceable.  Some  late  trav- 
ellers, however,  have  obferved  that  they 
pay  little  attention  to  the  moft  necelTarr 
rules  of  moral  condudb,  at  leafl;  that  uti-- 
natural  crimes  were  too  frequent  amonrr 
them.  Different  from  moH:  of  the  Indian 
nations  bordering  on  the  U.  States,  they 
have  large  plantations  or  country  farms, 
where  they  employ  much  of  their  time  in 
agricultural  impruvenients,  after  the  man- 
ner of  the  white  people.  Although  theif 
territories  are  not  fth  fo  large  as  thofe  of 
the  Mufcogulge  confederacy,  the  number' 
of  inhabitants  is  greater.  'I'he  Cha(5lawg 
and  Creeks  are  inveterate  enemies  to  each 
other.  If  any  of  their  people  are  killed, 
they  feek  fatisfaiStion  by  killing  one  of  tlie 
nation  to  which  the  murderer  belonged, 
unmindful  of  perfonal  guilt.  Their  dead 
are  laid  on  fcaffolds,  till  the  flefli  feparates 
from  the  bones,  which  are  waflied,  put  in 
a  coffin,  and  carried  to  the  bone  houfe. 
When  tlie  houfe  is  full  there  is  a  general 
Interment,  a  folemn  procefTion,  great  la- 
mentations, and  a  feftival,  called  the  feaft 
of  the  dead.  The  white  Inhabitants  havd, 
fettled  to  the  line  of  the  Cha6law  nation. 

Chadbniirne's  R.  Maine,  called  by  fome 
Great  Works  R.  about  "^^o  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Bonnebeag Pond,  from  which 
it  iffues.  It  is  faid  to  have  taken  its  latter 
name  from  a  mill  with  18  faws,  moved  by- 
one  wheel,  erecfbed  by  one  Lodors.  But 
the  project  was  foon  laid  afide.  The  form- 
er name  is  derived  from  Mr.  Cliadbourne, 
one  of  the  firll:  fottlers,  M^ho  purchafed  the 
land  on  the  mouth  of  it,  of  the  natives,  and 
whofe  pofterlty  poiTeis  it  at  this  day. 

Chafaluya,T,  miles  below  the  river  Roug^, 
Is  the  weflernmoft  branch  of  the  Miffifip- 
pi,  and  after  running  many  miles  through 
one  of  the  mofl  fertile  countries  In  the 
v/orld,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  St.  Barnard,  a 
confiderable  diflance  weflvvard  of  t-hc 
ctbei-  inouths  of  tJje  Miihlippi,     Hutchir^. 

Cbavrft. 


CH  A 


CHA 


f^hagre,  a  river  and  town  In  Terra  Fir- 
ifta,  S.  America.  The  river  opens  to  the 
N.  Sea,  and  was  formerly  called  I^agortas, 
from  the  number  of  alligators  in  it ;  has  its 
fource  in  the  mountains  near  Cruces,  and 
its  mouth  is  in  N  lat.  9,  where  there  is  a 
ftrong  fort,  built  on  a  deep  rock,  on  the  E 
Ude  near  the  fea  fliore.  This  fort  has  a 
commandant,  and  lieutenant,  and  the  gar- 
rifon  is  draughted  from  Panama,  to  which 
you  go  by  this  river,  landing  at  Cruces^ 
about  5  leagues  from  Panama,  and  thence 
erne  travels  by  land  to  that  city,  Oppo- 
fite  to  fort  Chagre  is  the  royal  cuftom 
houfe.  Here  the  river  is  broadefl,  being 
120  toifes  over  ;  whereas,  at  Cruces,whcre 
it  begins  to  be  navigable,it  is  only  20  toifes 
wide  ;  from  the  town  of  Chagre,  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  is  21  miles  N  W  by  W, 
but  meafuring  by  water  is  43  miles.  There 
is  at  Cruces  an  alcalde,  who  lives  at  the 
cuftom  houfe,  and  takes  an  account  of  all 
goods  on  the  river,  Chagre  fort  was  tak- 
en by  Adm.  Vernon,  in  1 740. 

Chalco  Lake       See  Mex'co. 

Chaleur  Bay,  in  L.  Canada,  projecSls  W 
and  N  W  from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
It  has  the  Britifli  province  of  N.  Brunf-  j 
wick  on  the  S  and  the  diftrlvfc  and  co.  I 
of  Gafpee  on  the  N.  On  its  N  flaore  are  | 
the  townfliips  of  Hopetov/n,  Cox,  Hamil-  j 
ton,  N.  Richmond,  Maria,  and  Carleton.  \ 
The  river  Riftigouche  empties  into  the  W  1 
end  of  this  fine  bay. 

Chambi-rjljurg,  a  poll  town,  in  Pennfylva- 
nia,  and  the  chief  of  Franklin  co.  'it  is  ' 
lituated  on  the  eaftern  branch  of  Conogo-  j 
cheague  creek,  a  water  of  Potovvmac  R.  in  { 
a  rich  and  highly  cultivated  country,  and 
healthy  fituation.  Here  are  about  200  houf- 
es,  2  Prefbyterian  churches,  aflonegao],a 
handfome  court  houfe,  built  of  brick,  a 
paper  and  merchant  mill.  A  fupreme 
court  is  held  here  once  a  year,  and  a  court 
of  common  pleas,  and  general  quarter  fef- 
fions  of  the  peace  the  firft:  Monday  in  Feb. 
May,  Sept.  and  Dec.  It  is  58  miles  E  by 
S  of  Bedford,  1 1  N  V7  of  Shippenfburg, 
and  157  W  of  Philadelphia,  N  lat.  39  SZ* 
Wlon.  77  30. 

Chamblti  R.  or  Sorelly  a  water  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  ifTuing  from  lake  Chaniplain, 
300  yards  wide  when  lowefi;.  It  is  flioal  : 
in  dry  feafons  ;  but  of  fuflicient  breadth  - 
for  rafting  lumber,  ^cc.  fpring  and  fall.  :: 
It  was  called  both  Sorelf  and  Richlieu  11 
when  the  French  held  Canada  ![ 

Chamblcc Fcrt,  is  handfome  and  well  built, 
on  the  margin  of  the  river   of  the  fame    ' 
name,  about  la  or  ij  luilci  S  W  from  ij 


Montreal,  and  N   of  St.  John's  fort.    It 
was  taken  by    the  Americans,  0<St.  20, 

1775,  and  retaken  by  the  Britilli,  Jan.  18, 

1776.  N  lat.  45  45- 
Champlain,  a  lake  next   in  fize  to  lake 

Ontario,  and  lies  E  N  E  from  it,  forming  a 
part  of   the  dividing  hne  between    tie 
ftates  of  N.  York  and  Vermont.     It  took 
its  name  from  a  French  governor,  of  this 
name.     It  was  before  called  Corlacr's  lake. 
Reckoning  its  length  from  Fairhavcn  to  St. 
John's,  a  courie  nearly  N,  it  is  about  ico 
miles  ;  its  breadth  is  from  i  to  18  rniles, 
!  the  mean  width  is  about  5  miles ;  and  it 
occupies  about  500,000  acres.     Its  depth 
is  fuliicient  for  the  largefi:  vefi'els.     There 
are  in  it  above  60  iilands  of  different  fizes  ; 
the  moil  confiderable  are  N.  and  S.  Hero, 
and  Motte  ifland.     It  receives  at  Ticon- 
,  deroga  the  waters  of  Lake  George  from 
the  S  S  W,  which  are  faid  to  be  ico  teet 
higher  than  the  waters  of  this  lake.    Half 
the  rivers  and  ftreams  which  rife  in  Ver- 
mont fall  into  it.    There  are  feveral  which 
come  to  it  from  N.  York  and  fome  from 
Canada ;   to   v  hich  laft  it  fends  its  owa 
waters,   a   N  courfe,   through  Screll  or 
!  Chamblee  R  into  the  St.  La^\  rence.    This 
lake  is  well  ftored  with  nfh  ;  particularly 
falmon,  falmon  trout,  lliurgeon  and  pick- 
erel ;  and  the  lands  on  its  borders,  and  on 
I  the  banks  of  its  rivers  are  good.     The  v/a- 
i  ters  generally  rife  from  about  the  20th  of 
April  to  the  20th   of  June,  from   4  to  6 
feet  ;  the  greateft  variation  is  not  more 
than  8  feet.    It  is  feldcm  entirely  fliut  up 
with  ice,  until  the  middle  of  Jan.     Be- 
tween the  6th  and  15th  of  April  the  ice 
generally  goes  ofF ;   and  it  is  not  uncom- 
mon for  many  fquare  miles  of  it  to  dif- 
appear  in  one  day. 

Cha77!plaifi,z  poli  town  in  the  mod  north- 
erly part  of  Clinton  co.  N.  York,  v.'hich 
:  takes  its  name  from  the  lake  on  which  it 
lies.  It  was  granted  to  fome  Canadian 
and  Nova  Scotia  refugees,who  were  either 
in  the  fervice  of  the  U.  States,  dui'ing  the 
war,  or  fled  to  thcni  for  protection.  The 
indigence  or  ill  habits  of  theie  people  oc- 
cafioned  the  breaking  up  of  the  fettie- 
ment ;  and  a  better  fet  of  inhabitants  have 
now  taken  iheir  place.  The  lands  are 
fertile  ;  and  two  rivers  run  through  it, 
well  flored  with  iifli.  It  has  11 69  inhab- 
itants. Mufcle  fliells  and  other  marine 
produtflions  are  found  from  the  furface  to 
40  feet  deep  in  the  ground.  Ihis  has  led 
fome  to  fuppofe  that  the  waters  of  the 
ocean  once  flowed  here  ;  it  is  alio  evident 
that  formerly  the  waters  of  the  lake  were 

many 


CHA 


CHA 


many  feet  higher  than  it  has  been  fince 
its  difcovery  in  1608. 

Chanceford^  a  towniliip  in  Yorkco.Penn- 
fylvania,  on  the  W  fide  of  Sulquehanna 
R.  oppofite  Conefloga  Creek, 

Chandltrfville,  a  poffc  town  of  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Maine,  845  miles  N  E  from  Waih- 
ington. 

Chapallan^  One  of  the  largefl  lakes  in 
Mexico,  or  New  Spain. 

Chapel  HlU^  a  pofc  town  in  Orange  co. 
K.  Carolina,  fituated  on  a  branch  of  New- 
hope  creek,  which  empties  into  the  N  W 
branch  of  Cape  Fear  R.  This  is  the  fpot 
chofen  for  the  feat  of  the  Univerfity  of  N. 
Carolina  Few  houfes  are  as  yet  erected ; 
but  a  part  of  the  public  buildings  were  in 
fuch  forwardnefs,  that  ftudents  weie  ad- 
mitted, and  education  commenced  in  Jan. 
J  796.  The  beautiful  and  elevated  fcite  of 
this  town  commands  a  pleafmg  and  exten- 
live  view  of  the  furrounding  country  ;  12 
miles  S  by  E  of  Hillfborough,  472  S  W  of 
Philadelpliia,  and  319  from  Wafhington. 
N  lat.  35  40,  W  Ion.  796. 

Chapticot  a  pod:  town  of  St.  Mary's  co. 
Maryland, 56  miles  from  WaflTington, 

Charlemont^  a  townfliip  in  Hampibire  co. 
Maliachufetts,  16  miles  W,  of  Deerfield, 
and  107  N  W  of  Bcflon,  having  875  in- 
habitants. 

Charltfjiirg,  a  poft  town,  Montgomery 
CO.  Maryland,  26  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Charles  R.  in  MalTachufetts,  called  an- 
ciently (2M/7o/;f5r?//«,is  a  confiderable  fcreani, 
the  principal  branch  of  which  rifes  from  a 
pond  bordering  on  Hopkinton.  It  pafles 
through  Hollifton  and  Belliugham,  and 
divides  Medway  from  Medfield,  Wren- 
tham,  and  Franklin,  and  thence  into  Ded- 
ham,  where,  by  a  curious  bend,  it  forms  a 
peninfula  of  900  acres  of  land.  A  flream 
calJed  Mother  Brook,  runs  out  of  this 
river  in  this  town,  and  falls  into  Neponfit 
3-;.  forming  a  natural  canal,  luiiting  tlie 
two  rivers,  and  afFording  a  number  of  ex- 
cellent mill  feats.  From  Dedham  tlie 
courfe  of  the  river  is  northerly,  dividiiTg 
Kewton  from  Needham,  Weflon,  and 
"VV-iltham,  pafiing  over  romantic  falls  ;  it 
then  bends  to  the  N  E  and  Fl  through  Wa- 
tertown  and  Cambridge,  and  pafTing  into 
Bofton  liarbour,  mingles  with  the  waters 
of  My  (lie  R.  at  the  point  of  the  peninfula 
of  Chsrleflown.  It  is  navigable  for  boats 
to  Watertown,  7  miles.  The  mojl  remark- 
able bridges  on  this  river  are  thofe  which 
connccfb  Bofton  with  Chai'Icn;ov,ni  and 
Cambridge.     See  BJIon.    There  are  7  pa- 


per mills  on  this  river,  befide  other  milfe. 

Charles  Co.  on  the  weftern  fiiore  of  Ma- 
ryland, lies  between  Potowmack  and  P»- 
tuxet  riv^ers.  Its  chief  town  is  Port  To- 
bacco, on  the  river  of  that  name.  Its  ex- 
treme length  is  28  miles,  its  breadth  24,, 
audit  contains  19,1  73  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 9,558  fiaves.  The  countrv  has  few 
hills,  is  generally  low  and  fandy,  and  pro- 
duces tobacco,  Indian  corn,  fweet  pota- 
toes, ^cc. 

Charles  City  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  between 
Chickahominy  and  James  rivers.  It  has 
Z'^S^  free  inhabitants,  and  301 3  (laves.  A 
po(h  town  of  the  fame  name  in  this  co.  is 
167  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Charles,  a  cape  of  Virginia,  in  about  N 
lat.  37  15.  It  is  on  the  N  iide  of  the  mouth 
of  Chefapeak  bay,  having  Cape  Henry 
oppolite  to  it. 

Charles,  a  cape  on  the  S  W  part  of  the 
(l:rait  entering  into  Hudfon  Bay.  N  lat. 
62  40,  Wlon.  75  15. 

Charlejlotvn,  a  pofl:  town  in  Cecil  co.  Ma- 
ryland, near  the  head  of  Chefapeak  bay  ; 
6  miles  E  N  E  from  the  mouth  of  Sufque- 
hannah  R.  10  W  S  W  from  Elkton,  and 
50  S  W  by  W  from  Philadelphia.  Here 
are  about  20  houfes,  chiefly  inhabited  by 
fifliermen  employed  in  the  herring  fifliery.. 
N  lat.  39  34.  _ 

C/j^r/<y?<7;;,adifl:ri(£b  in  theLower  country 
of  S.  Carolina,  fubdivided  into  14  pariflies.. 
This  large  diftrid:,  of  which  the  city  of 
Chariefton  is  the  chief  town,  lies  between 
Santce  and  Combahee  rivers.  It  pays 
;^2i,473-i4-6  fler.  taxes.  It  fends  to  the 
(late  legiilature  48  reprefentatives  and  13 
fenators,  and  i  member  to  Congrefs.  It 
contains  57,480  inhabitants,  of  whom 
41,941  are  (laves. 

Charlejlon^  the  metropolis  of  S.  Carolina, 
is  the  mod:  confidcrable  town  in  the  ftate  ; 
fituated  in  the  diftricl  of  the  fame  name, 
and  on  the  tongue  of  land  formed  by  the 
confluent  dreams  of  Afliley  and  Cooper, 
which  are  (hort  rivers,  but  large  and  nav- 
igable. Thefe  waters  unite  immediately 
below  the  city,  and  form  a  fpacious  and 
convenient  harbour  ;  which  communicates 
witli  the  ocean  jufc  below  Sullivan's  I. 
which  it  leaves  on  tlie  N  7  miles  S  E  of 
Chaiiefton.  In  thefe  rivers  the  tide  rifes^ 
in  common,  about  6  r  feet  ;  but  uniformly 
10  or  I2inclies  more  during  a  night  tide. 
The  fatSt  is  certain  ;  the  caufe  unknown. 
The  continual  agitation  Vv^hich  the  tides 
occafion  in  the  v/aters  which  ahnoft  fur- 
round  Chariefton  ;  the  refrefhng  fea  breez- 
es which  are  regulaily  feit,and  the  fmoke 

ariilng 


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arifing  from  fo  many  chimnics,  render  this 
city  more  healthy   than   any  part  of  the 
low  country  in   the   fouthern  ftatcs.     On 
this  account  it  is  the  refort  of  great  num- 
bers of  gentlemen,  invalids   from  the  W. 
India  iflands,  and  of  the  ricli  planters  from 
the  country,  who  come  here  to  fpend  the 
fickJy  nionths,  as  they  are  called,  in  queft 
of  health  and  of  the  fecial  enjoyments 
which  the  city  affords.     And  in  no  part 
of  America  are  the  focial  bleffings  enjoyed 
more  rationally  and  hberally  than  here. 
Unaffected  hofpitality,   affabihty?  eafe  of 
manners  and  addrefs,  and  a  difpoiition  to 
make  their  guefts  welcome,  eafy  and  pleaf- 
cd  with  themfelves,  are  charac5leriftics  of 
the  refpeclable  people  of  Charlefton.     In 
fpeaking  of  the  capital,  it  ought  to  be  ob- 
ferved,  for  the  honour  of  the  people  of 
Carohna  in  general,  that  when  in   com- 
mon with  the  other  colonies,  in  the  con- 
teftwith  Britain,  they  refolved  againflthe 
uie  of  certain  luxuries,  and  even  neceffa- 
ries  of  life  ;  thofe  articles,  v/hich  improve 
the  mind,  enlarge  the  underftanding,  and 
correct  the  tafbc,  were  excepted  ;   the  im- 
portation of  books  was  permitted  as  form- 
erly. The  land  on  which  the  town  is  built, 
is   flat  and    lovir,   and  the  water  brackifli 
and  unwholefome.     The  city  is  about  -^ 
of  a  mile  wide  and  a  mile  and  -'■  in  length 
The  ground  on  which  it  ftands    is    level, 
and  but  a  fev.-  feet   above   the  height  of 
fpring  tides  ;  in  1699,1728  and  1752,  the 
tide    raifed   by  a  hurricane,  covered   the 
town,  the    people  retiring  to  the  higher 
itories  of  their  dwellings.     The  ftreets  are 
pretty  regularly  cut,  and   open   beautiful 
profpe(Sl3,  and   have  fubterranean  drains 
to  carry  off  filth  and  keep  the  city  clean 
and  healthy  ;    but  are  two  narrow   for  fo 
large    a  place   and  fo  warm  a   climate. 
Their  general  breadth  is  from  35   to  66 
feet.     The  houfes  which  have  been  lately 
built,  are  brick,  with   tiled  roofs.     The 
buildings  in  general  are  elegant,  and  mofl 
of  them  are  neat,  airy  and  well  furniffied. 
The  city  is  divided  into   13  wards,  which 
choofe  13    wardens,  from  whom  the  In- 
tendant  is  chofen.     The  public  buildings 
are,  an  exchange,  a  ftate  houle,  an  armou- 
ry, a  poor  home,  and  an    orphan's  houfe 
From  1790  to  1796,  126  boys  and  70  girl? 
were  admitted   into    the  orphan    houfe. 
Here   are  feveral    rerpe<flable  academies. 
Part  of  the  old  barracks  has  been   hsnd- 
fomely   fiucc*    up,  and  converted   into   s 
college,  and   there  are  a   number   cfftu- 
<lerits  ;  but  it  can  only  be  called  as  yet   a 
j'erpe(aable   academy.     Here    are  three 


banks,  a  branch   of  the  national   banl:> 
the  S.  Carolina  bank,  eft abliflied  in  1792, 
and  the   State    Bank,   incorporated  Dec- 
1802.     The  ftate  owns  >  ths  of  the  capital. 
The  hoiifes  tor  public  worfliip  are  2  iipif- 
copal  churches,  2  for  independents,  i  for 
Scotch  Prefoyterians,  1  for  Baptifb,  i  for 
German  Lutherans,  2  for  Methodills,  i  for 
French   Proteftants,  a  meeting  houfe  for 
Quakers,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and  a 
Jewifli  fynagogue.   Little  attention  is  paid 
to  the  pubhc  markets  ;  a  great  proportion 
of  the  moft  wealthy   inhabitants  having 
plantations  trom  which  they  receive  fup- 
phes  of  almofl:   every  article    of  living. 
The  country  abounds   with    poultry  and 
i[  wild  ducks.     Tneir  beef,  mutton  and  veal 
i:   are   not  generally  of   the  bcft  kind  ;  and 
j!  few  fifla  are  found  in  the  market.  In  1787, 
jj  it  was  computed   that   tiiere  were  1600 
Ij  houfes  in    this  city,  and  15,000  inhabit- 
ji  ants,  including   5, acq    fiaves  ;   and   what 
K  evinces  the  healthinefs  of  the  place,  up- 
Ij  wards  of  200  of   the  white  inhabitants 
ij  were  above    60  years  of  age.     in    1791, 
there  were  16,3/9  inhabitants,  of  whom 
76  M   were   fiaves.     Ihis   city    has  often 
fuffcred  miuch   by  fire,  the  laft  and  m.oft 
deftrudlive  happened  as  late  as  June,  1796. 
Charlefton  was  incorporated  in  1783,  and 
divided  into  3  wards,  which  chofe  as  ma- 
ny wardens,  from  among  whom  the  citi- 
zens eledl  an  intendant  of  the  city.     The 
intendant    and   wardens   form    the   city 
council,  who  have  power  to  m^ake  and  en- 
force bve    laws  for  the  regulation  of  the 
city.    The  value  of  exports  from  this  port, 
in  the  year  ending  Nov.  1787,  amounted 
to  ;^5 05, 2 7 9- 1 9-5  fter.      The  number  of 
veffels  cleared  from  the  cuftom  houfe  the 
fame  year, was  947,  meafuring  62,1 18  tons; 
735  of  thefe,  meafuring  .<i,53i  tons,  were 
American  ;  the  others  belonged  to  G.Brit- 
ain, Ireland,  Spain,  France,  and  the  United 
Netherlands.     In  the  year  1 794,  the  value 
of  exports  amounted  to  3,846  392  dollars. 
It  is   60  miles  S  W  by  S  of  Georgetown  ; 
150  E  by  S  of  Augufta  ;    406  S  by  W  of 
Richmond  ;  <r-,8  S  W  by  S  of  Wafliington 
city ;  684  S  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia  ;  'and 
1019  S  W  of  Bof^on.     The  light  houfe  hes 
in  N  lat.  32  41  52.     White  Point  at  the  S 
end  of  the  town,  N  lat.  32  44   30,  W  Icn. 
80  39  45.     Knoxville,  the  capital  of  Ten- 
effee,  is  much  nearer  to  this  than  to  any 
ieaport   town  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.     A 
waggon  road  of   only   i  c  miles  is  wanted 
o    open    the    communication   ;  and    the 
,  -ian  is  about  to  be  executed  by  the  ftate. 
Charlef.o-dun^  a  townfnip  in  Montgomery 

CQ. 


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46m.  N.  Yorlc,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  R. 
about  32  miles  W"  of  Scheneclady.  It  has 
acoi  inhabitants. 

Cbarlffoivn,  a  townflaip  in  Mafon  co. 
Kentucky  ;  fituated  on  the  Ohio  at  the 
mouth  of  Lauren's  creek.  It  is  6  rniles  N 
of  Washington,  and  60  N  E  of  Lexington. 

lNlat.3843. 

Cbarlejiaivriy  a  townfllip  in  Chefler  CO. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  W  fide  of  Schuylkill, 
•7  miles   above  Norriftov/n. 

CharlrfiQiin, a  poft  town  in  Chefhire  co. 
N.  Hampiliire,  on  the  E  fide  of  Conne<fli- 
cut  R.  30  miles  S  of  Dartmouth  College  ; 
upwards  of  70  N  of  Northampton,  1 16  N 
01  Wof  Boflon,  80  W  by  N  of  Poitfmouth, 
and  341  N  N  E  of  Philadelphia-  It  was 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains  90  or 
100  houl'es,  a  congregational  church,  a 
court  houfe,  an  academy,  and  1364  inhal-)- 
itants.  The  road  from  Boflon  to  Quebec 
pafles  through  this  town.  N  lat.  43  16,  W 
ion.  7219.  A  fmall  internal  trade  is  car- 
ried on  here. 

Charlejlo'wn^  the  principal  town  in  Mid- 
cllefex  CO.  Mafl'achufetts,  called  MJjkaivun 
by  the  aboriginal  inhabitants,  lies  Nof  Bof- 
ton,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  Charles 
R.  Bridge.  The  town,  properly  fo  called,  is 
built  on  a  peninfula,  formed  by  Myft:ic  R. 
on  the  E,  and  a  bay,  fetting  up  from 
Charles  R.  on  the  W.  It  is  very  advanta- 
gcouHy  fituate'd  for  health,  navigation, 
trade,  and  manufactures  of  almoft  ail  the 
various  kinds.  A  dam  acrofs  the  mouth 
of  the  bay,  which  fets  up  from  Charles  R. 
would  afford  a  great  number  of  mill  feats 
for  manufadlures.  Bunker's,  Breed's,  and 
Cobble,  (now  Barrell's)  hills,  are  celebrat- 
ed in  the  hiftory  ofthe  American  Revolu- 
tion. The  fecond  liill  has  upon  its  fum- 
mit  a  monument  erecSled  to  the  memory 
of  Major  Gen.  Warren,  near  the  fpot 
where  he  fell,  one  of  the  firfl:  facrifices  to 
American  liberty.  The  brow  of  the  hill  is 
ornamented  with  a  number  of  elegant 
houfes.  All  thefe  hills  aflx>rd  elegant  and 
delightful  profpcdts  of  Boflon,  and  its 
charmingly  variegated  harbour,  of  Cam- 
bridge and  its  colleges,  and  of  an  exteufive 
tradt  of  highly  cultivated  country.  It 
contains  \vithin  the  neck  or  parlfli  about 
3.50  houfes,  and  about  25CO  inhabitants. 
Its  public  buildings  are  a  handfome  con- 
gregational churcxh,  with  a  fieeple,  and  a 
clock  prefented  by  the  late  Hon.  Thomas 
Rujfell ;  a  neat  Baptifi:  church,  pleafantly 
fituated  on  an  eminence,  ere&ed  in  looo, 
an  alms   houfe,  a  marine  hofpital  eredled 


Jn-rSo3,  on  Myflic  river,  by  CheUea 
bridge,  and  2i  penitentiary  boufe,  building  by 
the  Itate  on  Lynde's  point,  on  the  W  fide 
of  the  town.  One  of  the  Navy  Yards  of 
the  United  States  is  eflabliilied'in  the  S  E 
part  of  this  town,  on  which  a  number  of 
works  are  already  eredted,  and  prepara- 
tion$  making  for  others.  A  bridge  built 
in  i8o3,ov:er  MylUc  river,  connedls  this 
tov/n  with  Cheifea,  from  \^  hich  is  an  ex- 
cellent turnpike  road  to  Salem,  completed 
in  Oct.  1803.  The  Middlefex  canal  crofles 
Charleflown  neck,  and  terminates  in  t^e 
bay  v»^hich  fets  up  W  of  the  towii.  Thefe 
public  works  and  improvements,  enfure 
the  future  growth  of  this  pleafant  town. 
Several  branches  of  manufactures  are  here 
carried  on  to  advantage,  particularly  the 
manufacture  of  pot  and  pearl  allies,  flaip 
building,  rum,  leather  in  all  its  branches, 
particularly  morocco,  filver,  tin,  brafs,  and 
p.^wter.  Kere  is  a  printing  office,  and 
three  rope  w;lks,  and  the  ipcreafe  of 
its  houfes,  population,  trade,  and  naviga- 
tion have  been  very  great  within  a  fe^vr 
years  paft.  This  town  is  a  port  of  entry 
in  conjundlion  with  Boflon.  At  the  head 
of  the  neck  there  is  a  bridge  over  Myftic 
river,  which  connedls  Charleflovi^n  witk 
Maiden. 

Ckarleftozvn,  a  thriving  town  in  JefFerfoa 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  great  road 
leading  from  Philadelphia  to  Wincheflei  ;. 
8  miles  S  from  Shepherdflowri,  and  20  N 
E  from  Winchefler.  Here  is  a  poft  office, 
73  miles  from  Walliington,  a  prefbyterian 
meeting  houfe,  and  an  acadeiny  lately  in- 
corporated. 

Cbarhjloiun,  a  townfliip  in  WaflningtOB 
CO.  Rhode  Ifland,  having  the  AtlaDtic 
ocean  on  the  fonthward,  and  feparated 
from  Richmond  on  the  northward  by 
Charles  river,  a  water  of  PawcaUick. 
Some  of  its  ponds  empty  into  Pawcatuck 
river,  others  into  the  fca.  It  is  19  miles 
N  W  of  Newport,  and  contains  1454  iji- 
habitants,  including  12  (laves.  A  few 
years  ago  there  were  about  500  Indians 
in  the  flate  ;  the  greater  part  of  them  re- 
^fided  in  this  tcwnfliip.  They  are  peace- 
able and  ^^  ell  difpofcd  to  government,  and 
fpeak  the  Englifii  language. 

Charl^Jloivn,  in  Kanhawa  co.  Virginia, 
confiiling  of  a  few  fcattered  houfes  along 
the  bank  of  the  river,  near  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Elk.  The  plot  of  land  on  vvriich  it 
fiands  is  delightful. 

Charlejioivn,  the  chief  town  of  Brooke 
CO.  Virginia,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Ohio,  at 
the  mouth  «f  BuHTaioe  creek.     It  is   24 

miles 


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wnilts  from  Wafliirigton    in    Pennfylva- 

Charlrfiotini,  the  only  town  In  the  ifland 
of  Nevis,  one  of  the  Caribbees,  belonging 
to  Great  Britain.  In  it  are  large  houics 
and  well  furniflied  fliops,and  it  is  defend- 
ed by  Charles  fort.  In  the  parifli  of  St. 
John,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  town,  is  a  hrge 
fpot  of  fulphureous  ground,  at  the  upper 
end  of  a  deep  chafm  in  the  eartii,  com- 
monlv  called  Sulphur  Gut,  which  is  fo  hot 
as  to  be  felt  through  the  foles  of  one's 
flioes.  A  fmall  hot  river,  called  the  Bath, 
is  thought  to  proceed  from  the  faid  gut ; 
and  after  running  half  a  mile,  Ic-fcs  itfelf 
in  the  funds  of  the  fea.  Black  Rock  pond, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  N  from  the 
town,  is  milk  warm,  owing  to  the  mixture 
of  hot  and  cold  fprlngs,  yet  it  yields  ex- 
cellent fifli ;  particularly  fine  eels,  filver 
fifn,  and  fiimguts.  A  prodigious  piece  of 
Nevis  mountain  falling  down  in  an  earth- 
quake, feveral  years  ago,  left  a  large  va- 
cuity, which  is  ftill  to  be  feen.  !  he  alti- 
tude of  this  mountain,  taken  by  a  quad- 
rant from  Charleftown  bay,  is  faid  to  be  a 
mile  and  a  half  perpendicular  ;  and  from 
the  faid  bay  to  the  top,  four  miles.  l"he 
declivity  from  this  movtntain  to  the  town 
is  very  (Iccp  half  way,  but  afterwards  eafy 
of  afcent.     N  lat.  1 6  ss,  W  Ion  6z  4a. 

Charlcjloivn,  or  OJUiies,  one  of  the  four 
principal  towns  in  the  ifland  of  Barbadoes. 

Charleton  TJland^  or  Charles  IJland,  is  fit- 
uated  at  the  bottom  of  James's  bay,  in 
New  South  Wales,  on  the  coaft  of  Lab- 
rador, and  yields  a  beautiful  profpedl, 
in  fpring,  to  thofe  who  are  near  it,  after 
a  voyage  of  3  or  4  months  in  the  moft 
uncomfortable  feas  on  the  globe,  and 
that  by  the  vafl  mountains  of  ice  in  Hud- 
fon  bay  and  fir  aits  The  whole  ifland, 
fprcad  with  trees  and  branches,  exhibits, 
as  it  were,  a  beautiful  green  tuft.  The 
air,-  even  at  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  though 
in  51  degrees,  a  latitude  nearer  the  fun 
than  I^on<ion,is  exceflively  cold  for  nine 
months,  and  very  hot  the  other  three, 
except  on  the  blowing  of  a  N  W  wind. 
The  foil  on  the  E  fide,  as  well  as  the  W, 
bears  all  kinds  of  grain  ;  and  fome  fruits, 
goofeberries,  flrawberries,  and  dewber- 
ries, grow  about  Rupert's  bay.  N  lat.  52 
30,  W  Ion.  82. 

Charleton,  a  port-  town  in  Saratoga  co. 
K.  York,  N  of  Scheneaady,  and  W  of 
Bali  town. 

Charleton^  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co 
Ma  Ifachnfetts,  W  of  Oxford.  60  miles  S  S 
W  of  Boflon,  1.5  S  W  of  Worcclier,  and 


contains  2120  inhabitants.  Quinebau^i 
R.  forms  fome  of  its  rich  intervale  lands, 
and  furniflies  excellent  mill  feats  for  this, 
and  many  adjacent  towns. 

Charlotte  Fort,  in  S.  Carolina,  is  on  the 
point  of  land  where  Tugeloo  and  Broad 
rivers,  uniting  their  waters,  form  Savan- 
nah R.  According  to  BartraRi,it  is  i  milf 
below  Fort  James,  Dartmouth.  N  lat.  34, 
W  Ion.  82  Z5- 

Charlotte  Haven,  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
Charlotte  R.  in  E.  Florida  ;  having  Carlo* 
bay  on  the  S,  and  Rock  Point  on  the 
northward.  N  lat.  27,  W  Ion.  82  40. 
Charlotte  R..  is  fed  by  Spiritu  Santo  lia- 
goon,  which  communicates,  by  Delaware 
R  with  Chatham  or  Punjo  bay,  which  is 
90  miles  S  E  from  Charlotte  Haven. 

Charlotte,  a  poft  tov/n  on  the  E  fide  of 
Lake  Champiain,  and  the  S  wefternmoft: 
in  Chittenden  co.  Vermont.  Shelburns' 
on  the  N  feparates  thi»  town  from  Bur- 
lington. Inhabitants  123 1.  Split  Rock^ 
in  Lake  Champiain,  lies  off  this  town. 

Charlotte,  a  fertile  and  populous  co.  ja 
Virginia,  lies  S  W  of  Richmond,  on  the- 
head  waters  of  Staunton  R.  and  contains 
5629  free  inhabitants,  and  6283  flaves. 
Thccourthoufe  is  21  miles  SSW  of  Prince 
Edward  court  houfc,  and  379,  about  the 
fame  courfe,  from  Philadelphia.  A  poft 
office  is  kept  here,  '2,^'i  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Charlotteburg,  a  town  in  Brunfwick  co. 
N.  Carolina.  It  (tands  on  an  ifiand,  and 
has  an  inlet  and  found  of  the  fame  name, 
a  little  S  of  \t. 

Cbarlott:nbt!rgh,  in  Upper  Canada,  the 
townfliip  of,  is  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
and  in  the  county  of  Glengary,  being  the 
fecond  townfliip  in  afcending. 

Charlotte,  or  Charlottcf'uille,  a  poft  town 
in  Salifbury  diftricl,  N.  CaroIina,and  chief 
town  of  Mecklenburg  co.  fituatcd  on  Steel 
creek,  which  joins  the  Sugaw,  sind  falls 
into  Catabaw  R.  about  10  miles  N  of  the 
S.Carolina  boundary,  and  44  S  of  Salif- 
bury. Here  are  about  40  houfes,  a  court 
jl  houfc  and  gaol. 

'1  Charlotteville  To-zvifhip,  in  the  CO.  of 
Norfolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Wood- 
houfe,  and  fronts  Long  Point  ba}'.  Tlie 
land  is  thinly  timbered,  and  without  un- 
derwood, which  greatly  facilitates  cul- 
tivation ;  it  is  well  calculated  for  roads, 
and  is  fuificiently  open  for  carriages, 
looking  moi^e  like  a  royal  forefl.  than  the 
uncultivated  lands  of  nature.  "  The  loyal 
peafant,  fighing  after  the  government  he 
loft  by  the  late  revolution,  travels  from 
PcncfylvaniBj 


CHA 


CH  A 


S^ennfylvania,  In  fearch  of  his  former  laws 
and  protection  ;  and  having  his  expec- 
tations-fulfilled by  new  marks  of  favour 
froin  the  crown,  in  a  grant  of  lands,  he 
turns  his  plough  at  once  into  thefe  fertile 
plains,  and  an  abundant  crop  reminds 
him  of  his  gratitude  to  his  God  and  king" 
Above  Turkey  Point  on  the  heights,  is 
the  townpiot  oi'C-iarlotteville,  and  at  the 
extremity  of  the  point,  is  the  fcite  of  the 
projetfled  wharves  and  docks,  with  a 
good  cliannel  leading  to  it.  Smyth. 

Charlotte  hall,  St  Mary's  CO.  Maryland. 
A  port:  office  is  kept  here,  ^s  miles  from 
Walliington. 

Charlottcpville,  a  pofl:  town,  the  capital 
cf  Albemarle  co.  in  Virginia,  lies  on  the 
poft  road  from  Richmond  to  Danville,  in 
Kentucky,  86  miles  W  N  W  of  the  form- 
er, and  557  eaftward  of  the  latter,  and  40 
S  E  by  E  of  Staunton.  It  contains  about 
45  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  a  gaol,  litu- 
ated  about  half  a  mile  N  from  a  water  of 
Rivanna  river. 

CJ?arlotte  Totvn,  the  capital  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  John's,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Alfo,  the  name  of  a  town  on  the  S  W  fide 
of  the  illand  of  Dominica,  in  the  W.  In- 
dies ;  and  fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  a  deep 
bay. 

Charlot'ia,  a  town  on  the  E  fliore  of  St. 
John's  R.  E.  Florida,  where  that  river  is 
about  half  a  mile  wide.  It  was  founded 
by  Den  Rolle,  Efq.  and  is  fituated  on  a 
high  blufF,  15  or  10  feet  perpendicular 
from  the  river ;  and  is  in  length  half  a 
mile,  or  more.  The  aborigines  of  Amer- 
ica had  a  very  great  town  in  this  place, 
as  appears  from  the  great  tumuli  and  con- 
ical mounts  of  earth  and  fliells,  and  other 
traces  of  a  fettlement  which  yet  remain. 
The  river,  for  near  12  miles  above  Char- 
lotia,  is  divided  into  many  channels  by  a 
number  of  iilands. 

Chartier,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
Ptnnfyivania. 

Chartier  s  Creek.  See  Canonjhurg  and 
JM^ornanza. 

Chartrcs^2.  fort  which  was  built  by  the 
French,  on  the  caltern  fide  of  the  Mifli- 
fippi,  3  miles  northerly  of  La  Praire  du 
Rocher,  or  the  F.ock  Meadows,  and  12 
miles  northerly  of  St.  Genevieve,  on  the 
■weftcrn  fide  of  that  river.  It  was  aban- 
doned in  1772,  being  unten'.blc  by  the 
conftant  wafliings  of  the  Miflifippiin  high 
floods.  The  village  fouthward  of  thelort 
was  very  inconfiderable  in  1778.  A  mile 
above  this  is  a  village  fettled  by  1 70  war- 
riors Oi   chc   Piorias  and  Mi'tchi^cunias. 


tribes  of  Illinois  Indians,   who  arc  idle 
and  debauched. 

Chat,  If.i  au,\n  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
oppofitc  to  the  town  of  Ofnab.  ack,  in  U. 
Canada,  contains  from  100  to  150  acres. 
I'he  foil  is  good. 

C^«/Z/J7w,  a  maritime  poft  town  in  Barn- 
flable  CO.  Maflachufetts,  lltuated  on  the 
exterior  extremity  of  the  elbow  of  Cape 
Cod,  bounded  E  by  the  ocean,  S  by  Vine- 
yard found,  W  by  Harwich,  and  N  by 
Pleafant  bay.  Its  fituation  is  convenient 
for  the  fiflicry  ;  in  which  they  have 
ufually  about  40  veffels  employed.  Its 
harbour  contains  20  feet  water  at  low 
tide.  The  place  is  remarkable  for  many 
fliipwrecks  on  its  fliores.  It  has  135 1  in- 
habitants, lies  93  miles  S  E  of  Bofton,  and 
20  from  Barnftable.  Lat.  41  42  N,  Ion. 
69  50  from  Greenwich. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire.  It  was  incorporated  in  1767, 
and  in  1790  contained  58  inhabitants. 

Chatham,:^,  flour i filing  townfliip  in  Mid- 
dlefcx  co.Conne6licut,on  the  eaftern  bank 
of  Connecticut  R.  and  oppofite  Middle- 
ton  city.  On  the  banks  of  the  Connec- 
ticut, half  a  mile  above  the  city  of  Mid- 
dleton,  are  inexhauftible  quarries  of  that 
fpecies  of  ftone  known  by  the  name  of 
Conne6iiciit  f^one,  excellent  for  founda- 
tions of  buildings,  fire  places,  door  fleps, 
and  various  other  purpofes.  Here  alfo 
have  been  difcovered,  coal  mines  which 
promife  to  be  valuable  It  was  a  part  of 
the  townfliip  of  Middlcton  till  1767. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  EfTex  co.  N.  Jer- 
fcy,  is  fituated  on  Paflaic  R.  13  miles  W 
of  Eiizabethtown,  and  nearly  the  fame 
from  Newark. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  Columbia  co. 
N.  York.  By  the  fl:ate  cenfus  of  1796, 
380  of  its  inhabitants  were  eledtors. 

Chatham,  a  pofl  town,  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  131  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Chatham  Co.  in  Hillfborough  diftridt,  N. 
Carolina,  about  the  center  of  the  flate. 
It  contains  11,645  inhabitants,  of  whom 
2708  are  Haves.  Chief  town,  Pittlburg. 
The  court  houfe  is  a  few  miles  W  of  Ral- 
eigh, on  a  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river, 
where  is  a  poft  oflice. 

Chatham,  a  poft  town  of  S.  Carolina,  in 
Chcfterficld  diftria,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Great  Pedce  R.  Its  fituation,  in  a  highly 
cultivated  and  rich  country,  and  at  the 
liead  of  a  navigable  river,  bids  fair  to 
render  it  a  prace  of  great  importance. 
In  1796,  it  had  only  about  30  houfes, 
latdy  built. 

Chatham, 


CHA 


GHE 


Chatham  Co.  in  the  lower  diftrltSt  of 
Georgia,  lies  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
ftate,  having  the  Atlantic  ocean  E,  and 
Savannah  river  NE.  It  contains  12,946 
inhabitants,  including  9049  Haves.  It  ij 
about  '}^s  miles  long,  and  24  broad.  The 
phief  tov<'n  is  Savannah,  the  former  capi- 
tal of  the  ftate. 

Chatham^  OX  Piinjo  hay,  a  large  bay  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  S  end  of  the  proniori- 
tory  of  £.  P'lorida.  It  receives  North  and 
Delaware  rivers. 

Chatham,  a  townfliip  in  Kent  CO.  U. 
Canada,  lying  on  the  Sinclair  and  Thames 
oppofite  Harwich.  It  is  15  miles  up  the 
river  Sinclair,  fituated  on  a  fork  of  it,  in 
a  very  defirable  fpot,  fo  well  protected, 
and  fo  central,  that  as  the  population  in-" 
creafes,  it  will  doubtlcfs  become  a  large 
and  flourilliing  place.  A  block  houfe 
%vas  erecSled  here  by  governor  Simcoe,  and 
it  was  made  a  depot  for  the  line  whale 
boats  which  were  built  by  his  dircdtion. 
Indeed  it  poflefles  many  advantages;  the 
point  is  well  fuited  for  the  launching  of 
vefTels,  and  the  river  is  fufBciently  deep 
for  thofc  of  any  fize ;  fo  that  a  fecure 
^rfenal  and  building  place,  and  an  excel- 
lent dock  might  be  made  in  the  iefl'er 
branch  of  the  forks,  upon  which  there  is 
now  a  mill.  Firs  are  eafily  floated  down 
from  the  pinery  above,  and  other  kinds 
pf  timber,  neceiFary  for  fhip  building  may 
be  procured  by  water  carriage.  Its  grcat- 
cfl  difadvantage  is  the  bar  acrofs  its  er>i- 
houchure  into  lake  St.  Clair  ;  but  that  is  of 
fufficient  depth  for  fmall  craft  rigged,  and 
for  large  veflels  when  lightened,  and  it 
■would  anfwer  as  a  good  winter  harbour 
Jfor  any  veffel  which  navigates  the  lakes, 
if  flie  made  herfelf  light  enough  to  pafs 
<>ver  the  bar  and  go  into  the  river  ;  and 
this  might  ealily  be  effecSted  for  all  velTels, 
by  having  aflat  bottomed  lighter  ftation- 
cd  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  for  that  ef- 
pectal  purpofe.  Smyth, 

Chatham  Houfi,  in  the  territory  of  the 
Hudfon  bay  company,  N  iat.  5s  *3  40> 
W  Ion.  from  Greenwich  98. 

Cbata  Hatchi,  or  Hatchi,  is  the  largeft 
river  which  falls  into  St.  Rofe's  bay  in 
W.  Florida.  It  is  alfo  called  Pea  R.  and 
runs  from  N  E  entering  the  bottom  of  the 
bay  through  feveral  mouths  ;  but  fo  flioal 
thac  only  a  fmall  boat  or  canoe  can  pafs 
them.  Mr.Hutchins  afccndcd  this  river 
about  25  leagues,  where  there  was  a  fmall 
lettlement  of  Couifac  Indians.  The  foil 
and  timber  on  the  banks  of  the  river  re- 
fcmble  very  much  thofe  of  Efcambia. 
Vou  I.  M 


Chaiaiiche,  OX  Chatahiiche,  a  river  in  Geor- 
gia. The  northern  part  of  Apalachicola 
river  bears  this  name.  It  is  about  30  rods 
wide,  very  rapid,  and  full  of  llioals.  The 
lands  on  its  banks  are  light  and  fandy, 
and  the  clay  of  a  bright  red.  The  lower 
creeks  are  fettled  in  fcattering  elans  and 
villages  from  the  head  to  the  mouth  o£ 
this  river.  Their  huts  and  cal.nns,  froiu 
the  high  colour  of  the  clay,  rcfcmble  cluf- 
tcrs  of  new  burned  brick  kilns.  The  dif- 
tance  fi'om  this  river  to  the  Talapoofe  R. 
is  about  70  miles,  by  the  war  path,  which 
croiTes  at  the  falls,  juft  above  the  town  of 
the  Tuckabatches. 

Chataughjus  Lake,  in  GenefTee  co.  N". 
York,  is  about  18  miles  long,  and  3  broad. 
Conewango  R.  which  runs  a  S  S  E  courfe, 
conncAs  it  with  Alleghany  R.  This  lake 
is  conveniently  fituated  for  a  communica- 
tion between  lake  Erie  and  the  Ohio ; 
there  being  water  enough  for  boats  from 
fort  Franklin  on  the  Alleghany  to  the  M 
W  corrlcr  of  this  lake  ;  from  thence  there 
is  a  portage  of  9  miles  to  Chataughque 
harbour  ou  lake  Erie,  over  ground  capa- 
ble of  being  made  a  good  waggon  road. 
This  communication  was  once  ufcd  by  the 
French. 

Chaudiere,  Ri'ver,  a  fouthern  branch  of 
the  Sr.  Lawrence.  It  rifes  in  lake  Me- 
gantick,  in  the  High  Lands,  on  the  divif- 
ion  line  between  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  From  the  fame  lake  ilTue  the  head 
water's  of  Kcnnebeck  river.  The  Chau- 
diere falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  a  few 
miles  above  Quebec. 

Chaudiere,  one  of  the  finefl:  rivers  in  the 
N  W  part  of  N.  America,  which  after  aa 
eaftern  courfe  of  80  miles,  falls  into  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods,  in  Iat.  49  N.  Its 
banks  are  a  rich  foil,  covered  with  grovea 
of  oak,  pine,  maple,  and  cedar.  Its  wa- 
ters are  ftored  with  fifli. 

Chaudiere  La/:e,'in  U.  Canada,  is  formed 
by  the  widening  of  the  Ottawa  river, 
above  the  mouth  of  the  river  Radeau,  and 
below  lake  Chat.  Smyth, 

Chaudiere  Falls,  on  the  Ottawa  river,  in 
U.  Canada,  36  feet  high.  They  are  a  lit- 
tle above  the  mouth  of  the  river  Radeau, 
and  below  lake  Chaudiere.  Smyth. 

Chayaiita.  a  jurifdivStion  in  Peru,  S.  A- 
merica,  under  the  archbifliop  of  Plata,  <,o 
leagues  from  the  city  of  La  Plata.  This 
country  is  famous  for  its  gold  and  fdver 
mines.  The  latter  arc  ftili  worked  to  ad- 
vantage. 

Cheat  /?.  rifes  in  Randolph  co.  Virginia, 
j  and  af«;er  parfuing  a  I>  N  W  courfe,  joins 
»  Moaongahela 


cn^ 


CHIET 


Monongaliela  R.  3  or  4  miles  within  the 
Fcnnfylvania  line.  It  is  200  yards  wide 
at  its  rnouth,  and  100  yards  at  the  Dunk- 
ards  fettlement,  50  miles  higher,  and  is 
navigable  for  boats  except  in  dry  feafons. 
There  is  a  portage  of  37  miles  from  this 
R  to  the  Potowmac  at  the  mouth  of  Sav- 
age river. 

ChebuSioyZ.  bay  and  harbour  on  the  S  S 
E  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia,  diftinguiflied  by 
the  lofs  of  a  French  fleet  in  a  former  war 
between  France  and  Great  Britain.  Near 
the  head  of  this  bay,  on  the  W  fide,  flands 
the  city  of  Halifax,  the  capital  of  the 
province. 

Chedcibuclo^  or  MilforJ  Haven,  a  large 
and  deep  bay  on  the  eafternmoft  part  of 
Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  gut  of 
Canfo.  Oppofite  to  its  mouth  ftands  Iflc 
Madame.  Salmon  R.  falls  into  this  bay 
from  the  W,  and  is  remarkable  for  one  of 
the  greateft  fiflieries  in  the  Wvorld. 

Chegomegarty  a  point  of  land  about  60 
miles  in  length,  on  the  S  fide  of  lake  Su- 
perior. About  100  milts  W  of  this  cape, 
a  conilderable  river  falls  into  the  lake  ; 
upon  its  banks  abundance  of  virgin  cop- 
per is  found. 

Chehoiit'.mhs,  a  nation  or  tribe  of  Indians, 
^vho  inhabit  near  the  S  bank  of  Saguenai 
R.  in  U.  Canada. 

Chelmsford,  a  poft  town  in  Mlddlefei 
CO.  Mafiachufetts,  on  the  S  fide  of  Merri- 
mack R.  26  miles  N  weftcrly  from  Bofton, 
and  contains  1290  inhabitants.  There  is 
an  ingcnioufly  conllruifled  bridge  over 
the  river,  at  Pawtuckct  Falls,  which  con- 
nedls  this  town  with  Dracut.  The  route 
of  the  Middlefex  canal,  which  conne(Sls 
the  waters  of  Merrimack  with  thofe  of 
Bofton  harbour,  is  through  the  E  part  of 
Chelmsford. 

Chelfea,  called  by  the  ancient  natives 
Whm'ifimet,  a  town  in  Suffolk  co.  Mafia- 
chufetts, v/ith  its  iflands,  containing  849 
inhabitants.  Before  its  incorporation,  in 
1738,  it  was  a  ward  of  the  t,own  of  Bofton. 
It  is  fituated  N  eafVerly  of  the  metropohs, 
and  ftparated  from  it  by  the  ferry  acrofs 
the  harbour,  called  Winnifimet.  The 
Salem  turnpike  pafTes  through  the  center 
of  this  town,  which  is  now  connetSled  with 
Charleflown  by  Chelfea  Bridge. 

Chelfca,  a  towndiip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, having  a  court  houfe,  and  feveral 
handfome  buildings,  \%  miles  N  W  of 
Fairlee.     It  has  897  Inhabitants. 

Chelfea,  the  name  of  a  parifli  in  the  city 
of  Norwich,  Conn,  called  the  Landing, 
fituated  at  the  head  of  the  river  Thames, 


14  miles  N  of  New  London,  on  a  point  of 
land  formed  by  the  juntSlion  of  Shetucket 
and  Norwich,  or  Little  Rivers,  whofe 
united  waters  conftitute  the  Thames.  It 
is  a  bufy,  commercial,  thriving,  romantic, 
and  agi-eeable  place,  of  about  ijo  houfcs 
afcending  one  above  another  in  tiers,  on 
artificial  foundations,  on  the  fouth  point 
of  a  high,  rocky  hill.    Here  is  a  poft  ofHce. 

Chc7nut)g.  The  wcflern  branch  of  Suf- 
quehanna  R.  is  fometimes  fo  called.  See 
Tioga  River. 

Chemung,  a  poft  town  in  Tioga  co.  N; 
York,  It  has  315  inhabitants.  It  is  on 
the  NE  fide  of  Tioga  R.  and  has  Ncwtoa 
W,  and  Owego  E,  about  160  miles  N  W 
from  N.  York  city,  meafuring  in  a  ftraight 
line.  Between  this  place  and  Newton, 
Gen.  Sullivan,  in  his  vicflorious  expedition 
againft  the  Indians,  in  1779,  had  a  defpe- 
rate  engagement  with  the  Six  Nations, 
whom  he  defeated.  The  Indians  were 
ftrongly  intrenched,  and  it  required  the 
utmoft  exertions  of  the  American  army, 
with  field  pieces,  to  diilodge  them  ;  al- 
though the  former,  includmg  250  tories, 
amounted  only  to  800  men,  while  the 
Americans  were  5000  in  number,  and 
well  appointed  in  every  refpedt. 

Chenal  Ecarte,  Ife,  nea^r  the  entrance  of 
the  river  St.  Clair,  in  U.  Canada,  into  lake 
St.  Clair,  eaft  of  Harfan's  ifland  ;  it  con- 
tains about  300  acres  of  arable  land  ;  the 
other  parts  are  meadow  and  marfli. 

Chenal  Ecarte,  Ifle  de,  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  in  U.  Canada,  oppofite  the 
townfliip  of  Corn  wall, contains  from  feven 
to  eight  hundred  acres,  the  foil  is  good. 

Chenango,  a  county  of  N.  York,  having 
Montgomery  N  E,Tioga  W,  Pennfylvania 
S,  containing  15,666  inhabitants. 

CBenengo,  is  a  northern  branch  of  Suf- 
quehanna  R.  Many  of  the  military  tov.n- 
fliips  are  watered  by  the  N  W  branch  of 
this  river.  The  towns  of  Fayette,  Jerlco, 
Greene,  Clinton,  and  Chenengo,  in  Tioga 
CO.  lie  between  this  river  and  the  E  wa- 
ters of  Sufquchanna. 

Chcnengoydi  poft  town,  and  one  of  the  chief 
in  Tioga  co.  N.  York.  The  fettled  part 
of  the  town  lies  about  40  miles  N  E  from 
Tioga  point,  between  Chenengo  R.  and 
Sufquchanna  ;  has  the  town  of  Jcrico  oil 
the  northward.     It  has  1149  inhabitants. 

Cheneffee.      See  Geneffee. 

Chepaxvas,  or  Chipeivays,  an  Indian  na- 
tion inhabiting  the  coaft  of  lake  Superior 
and  the  illands  in  the  lake.  They  could, 
according  to  Mr.  Hutchins,  furnifti  looo 
warriors  30  years  ago.     Other  tribes  of 

this 


CHE 


CHE 


this  nation  Inhabit  the  country  round  Sa- 
guinam  or  Sagana  bay  and  lake  Huron, 
bay  Puan,  and  a  part  of  lake  Michigan. 
They  were  lately  hoflile  to  the  United 
States,  but,  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville, 
Auguft  3,  1795,  they  yielded  to  them  the 
illand  de  Bois  Blanc.     See  Six  Nations. 

Cbepaivyan  Fort,  is  fituattd  on  a  penin- 
fula  at  the  S  weftern  end  of  Athapefcow 
lake,  N  lat.  58  45,  Wlon.  no  18  ;  in  the 
territory  of  the  Hudfon  bay  company. 

Chepelio,  an  ifland  in  the  bay  of  Panama, 
S.America,  and  in  the  province  of  Darien, 
3  miles  from  the  town  of  Panama,  and 
fupplies  it  with  provilions  and  fruits.  N 
lat.  8  46,  E  Ion.  80  15. 

Chepaivyans,^.  numerous  tribe  of  Amer- 
ican Indians,  who  live  between  lat.  60  and 
6j  N,  and  Ion.  lOO  and  1 10  W.  I'heir 
language  is  copious  ;  dialedls  of  it  are 
fpoken  by  various  other  tribes.  The 
amufcments  of  thefe  people  are  few,  their 
mufic  is  harlli,  their  dances  awkward  ; 
they  feldom  pracStife  either.  Their  coun- 
try is  cold  and  barren,  producing  little 
wood,  and  few  vegetables  befide  mofs, 
which  in  times  of  fcarcity  furniflics  their 
food.  Boiled  in  water,  it  diflblves  into  a 
clammy,  nouriiliing  fubftance.  The  fiili 
in  their  waters,  and  deer  on  cheir  moun- 
tains, are  their  principal  fupport.  To 
gain  a  fcanty  fubfirtenee  is  a  ferious  bufi- 
ncfs ;  in  a  mournful  temper  they  are  con- 
ftantly  faying,  "  it  is  hard,"  in  a  whining 
voice.  Like  all  favages  ignorant  of  reve- 
lation, they  are  extremely  fuperftltious. 
They  mourn  long  for  their  deceafed 
friends,  never  ufe  their  property,  and 
fometimes  facrifice  their  own  as  a  token 
of  regret  and  forrow.  They  are  focial 
and  frank,  feldom  roufed  to  great  activity. 
They  are  fober,  timorous,  and  felfifli. 
They  have  a  tradition  that  their  fathers 
came  from  a  very  wicked  country  ;  that 
in  traverhng  a  great  lake,  narrow,  iliallow, 
and  full  of  iihmds,  they  fuffered  great 
mifery  by  the  ice,  fnow,  and  perpetual 
winter.  Their  notions  of  religion  are 
worthy  notice.  They  believe  the  globe 
was  once  an  entire  ocean,  no  creature 
living  then,  except  one  great  bird,  whofc 
eyes  were  fire,  whofe  glances  were  light- 
ning, the  clapping  of  whofe  wings  were 
thunder.  This  bird  defcended  to  the 
ocean,  the  earth  rofe  to  the  furface.  He 
called  all  the  animals  into  exiftence.  He 
then  made  the  Chepavvyans  from  a  dog, 
formed  an  arrow,  which  he  gave  them  to 
preferve,  but  they  carried  it  away,  which 
fo  provoked  the  Omnipoteut  that  he  has 


not  appeared  fince.  They  have  a  ftrong 
impreffion  of  the  longevity  of  mankind 
in  the  early  ages  of  the  world.  They  fay 
that  in  ancient  times  their  anceftors  lived 
till  their  feet  were  worn  out  by  walking, 
and  their  throats  with  eating.  They  al- 
fo,  like  other  nations  in  every  quarter  of 
the  earth,  give  in  their  tcflimony  to  fup- 
port the  Mofaic  hiftory.  They  defcribe 
a  deluge,  which  covered  the  whole  earth, 
except  the  higheft  mountains,  on  which 
they  were  preferved.  They  believe  that 
immediately  after  death  they  pal's  into 
another  world,  where  t\\tty,\ndiJ}oHe  canoe, 
embark  on  a  large  river,  which  bears  them 
into  a  gieat  lake,  in  view  of  a  deliglitful 
ifland.  Here  they  are  judged  according 
to  the  deeds  done  in  the  body,  and  re- 
ceive a  fentence  of  everlafting  reward  or 
mifery.  If  their  good  acftions  predomi- 
nate, they  are  landed  on  the  ifland  where 
they  riot  in  endlcfs  pleafures.  If  their 
wicked  a<£lions  weigh  down  the  balance, 
their  canoe  finks,  they  are  buried  to  theif 
chins  in  water,  where  they  for  ever  re- 
main, gazing  with  envy  and  anguifh  at 
the  happy  ifland,  for  ever  ftruggling,  but 
never  able  to  reach  the  blifsful  fliore. 

Mc  Kzn%ie. 

Chepoor,  a  fmall  Spanifli  town  on  the 
ifthmus  of  Darien  and  Terra  Firma,  in  S, 
America,  ieated  on  a  river  of  the  fame 
name,  6  leagues  from  the  fea.  Lat.  10 
42,  Ion.  77  50. 

Cbeputnatekook,  the  name  of  a  portion  of 
the  river  in  fome  maps  called  Schoodook, 
and  in  others  Paflamaquoddy,  or  other- 
wife  the  exifting  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  New  Brunfwick. 

Chequetan,  or  Seguatancio,  on  the  coafl  of 
Mexico,  or  New  Spain,  lies  7  miles  wefl;- 
ward  of  the  rocks  ofSeguataneio.  Between 
this  and  Acapulco,  to  the  eaftward,  is  a 
beach  of  fand  of  18  leagues  extent,  againft 
which  the  fea  breaks  lb  violently,  that  it 
is  impoiTih'Ie  for  boats  to  land  on  any  part 
of  it ;  but  there  is  a  good  anchorage  for 
fliipplng  at  a  mile  or  two  from  the  ihore, 
during  the  fair  feafon.  The  harbour  of 
Chcquetan  is  very  hard  to  be  traced,  and 
of  great  importance  to  fuch  veflels  as 
cruife  in  thefe  feas,  being  the  mofl  iecurc 
harbour  to  be  met  with  in  a  vaft  extent 
of  coafl,  yielding  plent;?  of  wood  and  wa- 
ter ;  and  the  ground  near  it  is  able  to  be 
defended  by  a  few  men.  When  Lord 
Anfon  touched  here,  the  place  was  unin- 
habited. 

Chera,  a  river  rear  Colan,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Q^ito,  in  Peru,  running  to  Amo- 

tag-  , 


CHE 


CH  E 


tflgc  ;  /rom  whence  Paita  has  its  frefli 
water. 

Cheraivs^  formerly  a  diftrlcSb  in  the  upper 
country  of  S.  Carolina,  now  divided  into 
Ciieflerfield,  Marlborough, and  Darlington 
diftriiTis.  )  his  part  of"  Carolina  is  watered 
"by  Great  PcdceR.  and  a  number  of  fmaller 
ftreams,on  the  banks  of  which  the  land  is 
thickly  fettled  and  weil  cuhivated.  The 
chief  towns  are  Greenville  and  Chatham. 
The  court  houfe  in  Clicraws  diftridt  is  JZ 
miles  from  Carnden,  as  far  from  Lumber- 
ton,  and  90  from  Georgetown.  The  mail 
flops  at  this  place. 

CherlppHy  an  inconfiderable  village  on 
Terra  Firma,  from  v/hich  the  market  of 
Panam.a  is  furniflicd  with  provifipns^ 
iveekly. 

Cherokee,  the  ancient  name  of  Teneflee 
R.  The  name  of  Teneflee  was  formerly 
confined  to  the  fouthern  branch  which 
empties  15  miles  above  the  mouth  of 
Clinch  R.  and  18  below  Knoxvllle. 

Cherokces,  a  celebrated  Indian  natiog, 
now  on  the  decline.  They  refide  in  the 
northern  parts  of  Georgia,  and  the  fouth- 
ern parts  of  the  flate  of  Teneflee ;  hav- 
ing the  Apalachian  or  Cherokee  moun- 
tains on  the  E,  which  feparate  them  from 
"N.  and  S.  Carolina,  and  Teaeiree  R.  on 
the  N  and  W,  and  the  Creek  Indians  on 
the  S.  The  country  of  the  Cherokees, 
extending' wefcward  to  the  Miffifippi  and 
northward  to  the  Six  Nations,  was  fur- 
xendered,  by  treaty  at  Wefliminfter,  1729, 
to  the  crown  of  Great  Britain.  The  pref- 
ent  line  betwe-en  them  and  the  flate  of 
TenefTee  is  not  yet  fettled.  A  line  of  ex- 
periment was  drawn  in  1792,  from  Clinch 
R.  acrofs  Holfton  to  Chilhowee  moun- 
tain ;  but  the  Cherokee  commiffioners 
not  appearing,  it  is  called  a  line  of  exper- 
iment. The  complexion  of  the  Cherokees 
is  brighter  than  that  of  the  neighbouring 
Indians.  They  are  robufl  and  well  made, 
and  taller  than  many  of  their  neighbours  ; 
being  generally  6  feet  high,  a  few  are 
more,  and  fome  lefs.  Their  women  are 
tall,  (lender,  and  delicate.  The  talents 
and  morals  of  the  Cherokees  are  held  in 
great  efteem.  They  were  formerly  a  pow- 
erful nation;  but  by  continual  wars,  in 
which  it  has  been  their  dtfliny  to  be  en- 
gaged, with  the  northern  Indian  tribes, 
and  with  the  wliitcs,  they  arc  now  reduc- 
ed to  about  1500  warriors ;  and  they  are 
becoming  weak  and  pufilianimous.  They 
have  43  towns  now  inhabited,  and  are 
making  conliderable  advances  towards 
civilization.      Their   fields   arc   cnclofed 


with  fences,  and  they  have  plenty  of  profl|' 
vifions.     They  fpin  and  weave,  and  hav«;' 
knives,  forks,  plates,  tea  cups,  and  other 
furnit\n-e  in  a  comfortable  ftyle.     They 
raife  large  droves  of  cattle  for  market. 

Chcry^  Valley,  a  pofl;  town  in  OtfegO  CO. 
N.  Yoi  [c,  at  the  head  of  the  creek  of  the 
fame  name,  about  12  miles  N  Eof  Coop- 
erflov/n,  and  18  foutherly  of  Conajohary, 
61  W  of  Albany,  and  536  from  Philadel-  ^*" 
phia.  It  contains  a  Prelbyterian  church, 
and  an  academy,  which  generally  has  6q 
or  70  fcholars.  It  is  a  Ipacious  building, 
60  feet  by  40.  The  townfliip  is  very 
large,  and  lies  along  the  E  fide  of  Otfego 
Jake,  and  its  outlet  to  Adiquatangie  creekl 
It  has  155a  inhabitants.  This  fettlement 
fufFered  feverely  from  the  Indians  in  the 
revolutionary  ivar, 

Chrfapr.ak,  is  one  of  the  largeft  and  fafeft 
bays  in  the  United  States.  Its  entrance 
is  nearly  E  N  E  and  S  S  W, between  Cape 
Charles,  lat.  37  12,  and  Cape  Henry,  lat. 
37  in  Virginia,  12  miles  wide,  and  it  ex- 
tends 2170  miles  to  the  northward,  divid- 
ing Virginia  and  Maryland.  It  is  from  7 
to  18  miles  broad,  and  generally  as  much 
as  9  fathoms  deep;  affording  many  com- 
modious harbours,  and  a  fate  and  eafy 
navigation.  It  has  many  fertile  iflands, 
and  thefc  are  generally  along  the  E  fide 
of  the  bay,  except  a  few  iolitary  ones 
near  the  wcftern  fliore.  A  number  of 
navigable  rivers  and  other  flreams  einpty 
into  it,  the  chief  of  which  are  Sufquehan- 
na,  Patapfco,  Patuxent,  Potowmac,  Rap- 
pahannock, and  York,  from  the  N,  all 
laige  and  navigable.  On  the  E  fide  it 
receives  "Elk,  Saflafras,  Chefler,  Srfint  Mi- 
chael's, Choptank,  Nanticoke,  Wicomico, 
Manokin,  and  Pocomokc,  befide  many 
fmaller  flreams.  '  Chefapeak  bay  aflbrdc 
many  excellent  fiflieries  of  herring  and 
fliad.  TJiere  are  alfo  excellent  crabs  and 
oyfters.  It  is  the  refort  of  fw'ans,  but  is 
more  particularly  remarkable  for  a  fpe- 
cies  of  wild  duck,  called  canvajhack,  whofe 
flefli  is  entirely  free  from  any  fifliy  tafte, 
and  is  admired  by  epicures,  tor  its  rich- 
nefs  and  delicacy.  In  a  commercial  point 
of  view,  this  bay  is  of  immcnfe  advantage 
to  the  neighbouring  flatcs,  particularly  to 
Virginia.  Of  that  flate  it  has  been  ob- 
ferved,  with  fome 'little  exaggeration, 
however,  that  "  every  planter  has  a  river 
at  his  door."  '      •      .  .     -   •  .^ 

Ch'fatinlook  Lake,  the  fource  of  the  great 
W  branch  of  Pcnobfcot  rivt  .■.'  ' 

Chcefadaivd  Lale,  about  210  miles  N  E 
bv  E  of  the  Canaaian  bcufe,  on  the  E  end 

of 


CHE 


G  HE 


of  Slave  lake,  in  the  Hudfon  bay  compa- 
jny's  territory  ;  is  about  25  niiles  in  length 
and  the  fame  in  breadth.  Its  wcftern 
iliore  is  mountainous  and  rocky. 

Chejhire  Co.  \\\  N.  Flampfliire,  lies  in  the 
S  W  part  of  the  ftate,  on  the  E  bank  of 
Connecilicut  river.  It  has  the  ftate  of 
Maffachufetts  on  the  S,  Grafton  co.  on  the 
N,  and  Hillfborough  co.  E.  It  has  35 
tovvnfliips,  of  Avhich  Charleftown  and 
Keene  are  the  chief,  and  38,825  inhab- 
itants. 

Chejhire,  a  jownfliip  in  Berkfhire  co. Maf- 
fachufetts ;  celebrated  for  its  good  cheefe. 
The  famous  Mammoth  cheefe^  which  was 
prefented  fo  the  Prcfident  of  the  United 
States,  was  made  in  this  town  ;  140  miles 
N  wefterly  from  Bofton.  It  has  132J  iii- 
habitants. 

Chejhire,  a  townfliip  in  New  Haven  co. 
Conncd:icut,  15  miles  N  of  New  Haven 
city,  and  a6  S  W  of  Hartford.  It  con- 
tains an  Epifcopal  church  and  academy, 
and  3  congregational  churches. 

Chtfnut  Hill^  a  townfliip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania.  It  has  916  inhabitants. 
Chejnut  Creek,  a  branch  of  the  Great 
Kanhawa,  in  .Virginia,  where  it  crofles 
the  Carolina  line.  Here,  it  is  faid,  are 
iron  mines. 

Che/nut  Ridge.  Part  of  the  Alleghany 
mountains,  in  Pennfylvania,  is  thus  call- 
ed, S  ealhvard  of  Grecnlborough. 

Chijler,  a  townfliip  in  Lunenburg  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mahone  bay,  fettled  orig- 
inally by  a  few  families  from  New  Eng- 
land. From  hence  to  Windfor  is  a  road, 
the  diftance  of  25  miles. 

Chcjler,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Maflachufetts,  adjoining  Weftfitid  on  the 
E,  and  about  20  miles  N  W  of  Springfield. 
It  contains  1542  inhabitants.         ' 

Chcjler,  a  large,  pleafant,  and  elevated 
townfliipin  Rockingham  co.N.Hampfliire. 
It  is  21  miles  in  length  ;  and  on  the  W 
fide  is  a  lake  or  pond,  called  Mafabeiic 
pond,  30  miles  in  circumference,  which 
fends  its  waters  to  Merrimack  R.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1/22,  and  contains  2046 
inhabitants,  who  are  chiefly  farmers.  It 
is  fttuated  on  the  E  fide  of  Merrimack  R. 
14  miles  N  W  of  Haverhill,  as  far  W  of 
Exeter,  30  W  by  S  of  Portfmouth,  '6 
northerly  of  Londonderry,  and  306  from 
Philadelphia.  From  the  compadl  part  of 
this  town  there  is  a  gentle  defcerit  to  the 
fea,  which,  in  a  clear  day,  may  be  feeii. 
It  is  a  port  town,  and  contains  above  200 
houfes,  and  a  Congregational  and  a  Pref- 
byterian  meeting houfc.    Rattlefnakchill, 


in  this  townfliip,  is  a  great  curiofity  ;  itU 
half  a  mile  in  diameter,  of  a  circular  form, 
and  4C0  feet  high.  On  the  S  fide,  lu 
yards  from  its  bafe,  is  the  entrance  of  a 
cave,  called  the  Devil's  Den,  which  is  a 
room  15  or  20  feet  fquare,  and  4  high, 
floored  and  circled  by  a  regular  rock, 
from  the  upper  part  of  which  are  depend- 
ent many  excrefccnces,  nearly  in  the  form 
and  fize  of  a  pear,  which,  \y hen  approach- 
ed by  a  torch,  throw  out  a  fparkling  luf- 
tre  of  alnmft  every  hue  It  is  a  cold, 
dreary  place,  of  which  many  frightfut 
ftories  are  told  by  thofe  vyho  delight  ia 
the  marvellous. 

Chcjler,  a  poft  town  in  Windfor  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Springfield,  and  11  miles  W 
by  S  of  Charleftown,  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  contains  1878  inhabitants. 

Chejier,  a  bprpugh  and  poft  town  iu 
Pennfylvania,  and  the  capital  of  Dela- 
ware CO.  plcafantly  lituated  on  the  W  i\(^^ 
of  Delaware  R.  near  Marcus  F  00k,  and 
13  miles  N  E  of  Wilmington.  I^  contains 
about  100  houfes,  built  on  a  regular  plan, 
a  court  houfe,  a  gaol,  a  church,  a  Qiiaker 
!  meeting  houfe,  a  market  and  brick  fchooi 
houfc.  From  Chefter  to  Philadelphia  is 
20  miles  by  water,  and  15  N  E  by  land  ; 
here  the  river  is  narrowed  by  illands  of 
marfli,  which  are  generally  banked,  and 
turned  into  rich  and  immenfely  valuable 
meadows.  The  firft  colonial  aficnibly 
was  convened  here,  the  4th  of  Dec.  16S2. 
I'he  place  affxirds  genteel  inns  and  good 
entertainment,  and  is  the  refort  of  much 
company  from  the  metropolis,  during  the 
fummer  fealv)n.  It  was  incorporated  ia 
Dec.  1 795,  and  is  governed  by  2  burgtfics, 
a  conftable,  a  town  clerk,  and  3  aflift- 
ants  ;  whofe  powei  is  limited  to  prefcrvc 
the  peace  and  order  of  the  place.  AflielV 
tos  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 

•  ChiJ'ier  Co.  in  Pennfyivaiiia,  W  of  Dela- 
ware CO.  and  S  W  of  Philadelphia  ;  about 
45  miles  in  length,  and  30  in  breadth.  It 
contain$  y)  townfliips,  of  which  W.  Chef- 
ter  is  the  fliire  town,  and  32,093  inhab- 
itants. Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  norrhcni 
parts,  which  employs  6  forges.  Thefc 
manufacTture  about  1000  tons  of  bar  iron 
annually.  In  the  co.  are  106  merchant 
and  grift  mills,  115  faw  mills,  18  fulling 
mills,  4'flitting  mills,  6  oil  milb,  i  fuuir 
mil!,  6  paper  mills,  2  furnaces,  8  forges, 
and  12  tilthammers.  Chief  town  Weft 
Chtfter. 

'i^htjicr,  a  poft  town  of  S.Carolina,  22 
miles  S  of  Pinckney  court  houfc,  and  58 
N  W  of  Columbia.    A  poft  office  is  %<:\^t 

here- 


tnt 


CHE 


iicre.  The  town  is  watered  by  Sandy  R. 
tt  ftands  on  an  eminence,  on  the  great 
road  from  Virginia  to  Georgia. 

Che/ler  R.  a  navigable  water  of  the  eaft- 
«rn  fhore  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  two 
miles  within  the  line  of  Delaware  ftate, 
by  two  fources,  Cyprus  and  Andover 
creeks,  which  unite  at  Bridgetown  ;  runs 
nearly  S  weflward  ;  after  pafling  Chefler 
it  runs  S  nearly  3  miles,  when  it  receives 
S  E  creek,  and  15  miles  farther,  in  a  S  W 
dired:ion,  it  empties  into  Chefapeak  bay, 
at  Love  point.  It  forms  an  ifland  at  its 
mouth,  and  by  a  chaunel  on  the  E  fide  of 
Kent  I.  communicates  with  Eaftern  bay. 
It  is  propofed  to  cut  a  canal,  about  11 
Biiles  long,  from  Andover  creek,  a  mile 
and  an  half  from  Bridgetown,  to  Salifbury, 
on  Upper  Duck  creek,  which  falls  into 
Delaware  at  Hook  ifland. 

Chejier,  a  pofl  town  and  capital  of  Kent 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  W  fide  of  Cheftcr 
river,  14  miles  from  its  confluence  with 
the  Chefapeak.  It  contains  about  140 
houfes,  a  church,  college,  court  houfe,  and 
gaol.  The  college  has  a  fund  of  j^.iajo. 
A  county  court  is  held  here  twice  a  year, 
and  an  orphans  court  five  times.  It  is  77 
miles  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Chejler^  a  fmall  town  in  Shannandoah 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  juncSlion  of  Allen's  or  North 
R.  and  South  R.  which  form  the  Shan- 
nandoah ;  16  miles  S  by  W  of  Winchcfter. 
M  lat.  39  2,  W  Ion.  78  22. 

Chejler^  a  difliricl  of  S.  Carolina,  on  Wa- 
teree  R.  It  is  40  miles  long,  and  23  broad. 
It  is  well  watered  by  Fithing,  Rocky,  and 
Sandy  rivers.  The  low  grounds  are  often 
overflowed.  It  has  8185  inhabitants,  of 
■whom  1164  are  flaves. 

Chefcr,  2l  town  in  Cumberland  co.  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  on  the  S  \V  bank  of  James 
R.  15  miles  N  of  Blandford,  and  6  S  of 
Richmond. 

Chcjler^  a  port  town  12  miles  fquare,  in 
Orange  co.  N.  York,  on  the  W  of  Scroon 
Lake,  about  25  miles  S  W  of  Ticonderoga, 
and  has  500  inhabitants. 

Chejler^  a  poft  town  of  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  693  miles  N  E  of  Wafliington. 

Chefierf.eld,2.  townlbip  in  Hampfliire  CO. 
Ji/Iafl^achufttts,  14  miles  W  of  Northamp- 
ton. It  contains  i8o  houfcs,  and  1323 
inhabitants. 

Chcfierf-eld^  a  pofl  town  in  Clicfliirc  CO. 
N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Ct)nntc- 
ticut  R.  having  Vv'cftmoreland  N,  and 
Hinfdale  S.  It  was  incorporated  in  1752, 
and  contains  ai6i  inhabitants.      It  lies 


about  25  miles  S  by  W  of  Charleftow^, 
and  about  90  or  100  W  of  Poi-tfmouth» 
About  the  year  1730,  the  garrifon  of  fort 
Dummer  was  alarmed  with  frequent  ex- 
plofions,  and  with  columns  of  fire  and 
fmoke  emitted  from  Weft:  river  mountain, 
in  this  townfliip,  and  4  miles  diflant  from 
that  fort.  The  like  appearances  have 
been  obferved  at  various  times  fince ;  par- 
ticularly one  in  1752,  was  the  mofi^  fevere 
of  any.  There  are  two  places,  where  the 
rocks  bear  marks  of  having  been  heated 
and  calcined. 

Chejtcrjield,  a  difl:rt(fl  in  S.  Carolina,  on 
the  N.  Carolina  line.  It  is  about  30  milei 
long,  and  29  broad. 

Chtjlerfeld  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  between 
James  and  Appamatox  rivers.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long,  and  25  broad ;  and  contains 
6636  free  inhabitants,  and  7852  flaves. 

Chejlerfeld  Inlet,  on  the  W  fide  of  Hud- 
fon  bay,  in  New  South  Wales,  upwards 
of  200  miles  in  length,  and  from  10  to  30 
in  breadth  ;  full  of  iflands. 

Chcjlerjield,  a  town  in  Eflex  co.  N.  York, 
N  of  Willfljorough,  on  the  W  bank  of  L. 
Champlain. 

Cheferfeld,  a  poft  town,  of  Caroline  co. 
Virginia,  10 x  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Chejierioivn,  a  poft  town  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Kent  CO.  Maryland,  on  the  W  fide 
of  Chefler  R.  16  miles  S  W  of  Georgetown^ 
38  E  by  S  from  Baltimore,  and  81  S  W  of 
Philadelphia.  It  contains  about  140  houf- 
es,  a  church,  college,  court  houfe,  and  gaol. 
The  college  was  incorporated  in  1782,  by 
the  name  of  Wajhington.  It  is  under  the 
direction  of  24  Trultees,  who  are  empow- 
ered to  fupply  vacancies  and  hold  eftates, 
whofe  yearly  value  flaall  not  exceedjr.6000 
currency.  In  1787,  it  had  a  permanent  fund 
of  ^^.1250  a  year  fettled  upon  it  by  law. 
Nlat.  39i2,Vi^lon.  75  57._ 

Chetimachas.  The  Chetimachas  fork  is 
an  outlet  of  Miflfiflppi  R.  in  Louiflana, 
about  30  leagues  above  New  Orleans,  and 
after  running  in  a  foutherly  diredtion 
about  8  leagues  from  that  river,  divides 
into  two  branches,  one  of  which  runs  S 
wefterly,  and  the  other  S  eafterly,  to  the 
diflance  of  7  leagues,  when  they  both 
empty  their  waters  into  the  Mexican  gulf. 
On  the  Chetimachas,  6  leagues  from  the 
Mifliflppi,  there  is  a  fettlement  of  Indiana 
of  the  fame  name  ;  and  thus  far  it  is  uni- 
formly 100  yards  broad,  and  from  2  to  4 
fathoms  deep,  when  the  water  is  loweft. 
Some  drifted  logs  have  formed  a  flioal  at 
its  mouth  on  the  MiflTiflppi ;  but  as  the 
water  y  deep  under  them,  they  could  be 

t^fily 


CHI 


•CHI 


<^.fily  removed  ;  and  the  Indiiins  fay  there 
is  nothing  to  impede  navigation  from  their 
village  to  the  gulf.  The  banks  are  more 
elevated  than  thofe  of  the  Miffifippi,  and 
in  fome  places  are  fo  high  as  never  to  be 
overflowed.  The  natural  produAions 
are  the  fame  as  on  the  Miffifippi,  but  the 
foil,  from  the  extraordinary  lize  and  com- 
pacSbnefs  of  the  canes,  is  fuperior.  If 
meafures  were  adopted  and  purfued  with 
a.  view  to  improve  this  communication, 
there  would  foon  be,  on  its  banks,  the 
moft  profperousand  important  fettlements 
in  that  colony. 

Qhetimachas,  Grand  Lale  of,  in  Louifiana, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Miffifippi,  is  34 
miles  long,  and  9  broad.  Lake  de  Portage, 
which  is  13  miles  long,  and  i\  broad, 
communicates  with  this  lake  at  the  north- 
ern end,  by  a  ftrait  ^  of  a  mile  wide.  The 
country  bordering  on  thefe  lakes,  is  low 
and  flat,  timbered  with  cyprefs,  live  and 
other  kinds  of  oak  ;  and  on  the  eaftern 
fide,  the  land  between  it  and  the  Chafal- 
aya  R.  is  divided  by  innumerable  ftreams, 
which  occafion  as  many  iflands.  Some  of 
thefe  ftreams  are  navigable.  A  little  dif- 
tance  from  the  S  eaftern  fliore  of  the  lake 
Chetimachis,  is  an  Idand  where  perfons 
paffing  that  way  generally  halt  as  a  refl:- 
ing  place.  Nearly  oppoflte  this  ifland, 
there  Is  an  opening  which  leads  to  the  fea. 
It  is  about  150  yards  wide,  and  has  i6  or 
17  fathom  water. 

Cheltenham,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
Co.  Pennfylvania,  has  680  inhabitants. 

Chlametlan,  a  maritime  province  of 
Mexico,  in  N  America,  with  a  town  of 
the  fame  name,  faid  to  be  37  leagues  either 
way,  fi-om  N  to  S,  or  from  E  to  W.  It  is 
very,  fertile,  contains  mines  of  filver,  and 
produces  a  great  deal  of  honey  and  wax. 
The  native  Indians  are  well  made  and 
warlike.  The  river  St.  Jago  empties  into 
the  fea  here,  N  W  from  the  point  of  St. 
Bias.     The  chief  town  is  St.  Sebaftian. 

Ch'tapa,  a  river  and  inland  province  of 
Mexico  or  New  Spain,  in  the  audience  of 
Mexico.  This  province  is  bounded  by 
Tabafco  on  the  N,  by  Yucatan  N  E,  by 
Soconufco  S  E,  and  by  Vera  Paz  on  the 
£.  It  is  85  leagues  from  E  to  W,  and 
about  30  where  narrowed,  but  fome  parts 
are  near  100  It  abounds  with  great 
woods  of  pine,  cyprefs,  cedar,  oak,  wal- 
nut, wood  vines,  aromatic  gums,  balfams, 
liquid  amber,  tacamahaca,  copal,  and  oth- 
ers, that  yield  pure  and  fovereign  balfams; 
»Ifo  with  corn,  cocoa,  cotton  and  wild  co- 
chineal, pears,  appiesj  quinces,  &c.     Here 


they  have  achlotte,  which  the  natives  Tni«' 
with  their  chocolate  to  give  it  a  bright 
colour.  Chiapa  abounds  with  cattle  of  all 
forts  ;  it  is  famous  for  a  fine  breed  of  horf» 
es,  fo  valuable,  that  they  fend  their  colta 
to  Mexico,  though  500  miles  off.  Beafiis 
of  prey  are  here  in  abundance,  with  fox- 
es, rabbits,  and  wild  hogs.  In  this  prov- 
ince  there  is  variety  of  fnakes,  particular- 
ly in  the  hilly  parts,  fome  of  which  arc 
faid  to  be  20  feet  long,  others  of  a  curi- 
ous red  colour,  and  ftreaked  with  white 
and  black,  which  the  Indians  tame,  and 
even  put  them  about  their  neclcs.  Here 
are  two  principal  towns  called  Chiapa«* 
The  Chiapefe  are  of  a  fair  complexion, 
courteous,  great  mafl:«rs  of  mufic,  painting 
and  mechanics,  and  obedient  to  their  fu- 
perlors.  The  principal  river  is  that  of  Chi- 
apa, which,  running  from  the  N,  through, 
the  country  of  the  Quelenes,  at  lafl:  falls 
into  the  fea  at  Tabafco.  It  is  well  water- 
ed ;  and  by  means  of  Chiapa  R.  they  car- 
ry on  a  pretty  briik  trade  with  the  neigh- 
bouring provinces,  which  chiefly  coniifis 
in  cochineal  and  filk  ;  in  which  laft  com- 
modity the  Indians  employ  their  wives  for 
making  handkerchiefs  of  all  colours,  whicl* 
are  bought  up  by  the  Spaniards  and  fent 
to  Europe.  Though  the  Spaniards  reckon: 
this  one  of  their  poorefl:  provinces  in  A- 
merica,  as  having  no  mines  or  fand  of 
gold,  nor  any  harbour  on  the  S  Sea,  yet 
in  fize  it  is  inferior  to  none  but  Gautima- 
ia.  Befide,  it  is  a  place  of  great  import- 
ance to  the  Spaniards,  becaufe  the  ftrength 
of  all  their  empire  in  America  depends  on 
it  ;  and  into  it  Is  an  eafy  entrance  by  the 
river  Tabafco,  Puerto  Real,  and  its  vi-^ 
cinity  to  Yucatan. 

Chiapa^  the  name  of  two  towns  Int  he 
above  province  ;  the  one  is  fometime* 
called  Cfutdad  Real,  or  the  Royal  city,  and 
the  other  Chiapa  de  los  Indos,  inhabited  by 
Spaniards.  Cividad  Real  is  a  bifhop's  fee, 
and  the  feat  of  the  judicial  courts.  It  i* 
delightfully  fituated  on  a  plain,  furrounded 
with  mountains,  and  almofl:  equally  diftant 
from  the  North  and  South  Seas,  and  100 
leagues  N  W  from  Guatlmala.  The  blffi- 
op's  revenue  is  8000  ducats  a  year.  Th«. 
place  is  neitlier  populous  nor  rich;  and 
the  Spanifli  gentry  here  are  become  a 
prox^erb  on  account  of  their  pride,  igno- 
rance, and  poverty.  It  has  faveral  mon- 
afteries  ;  and  the  cathedral  is  an  elegant 
fl:ru<Slure.  This  city  is  governed  by  mag- 
iflrates  chofen  amongfl:  the  burgefles  of 
the  town,  by  a  particular  privilege  granted 
them  by  the  king  of  Spain.     N  lat.  17,  W 


CHI 


CHI 


Ion.  96  40.  The  other  town,  called  Cfjhip:t 
ie  las  Liiios,  that  is,  as  belonging  to  the  In- 
dians, is  the  iargcft  they  have  in  this  coun- 
try, and  lies  in  a  valley  near  the  river  Ta- 
bafco,  which  abounds  with  fifli,  and  is 
about  12  leagues  N  W  of  Chiapa,  or  Civi- 
dad  Real.  The  celebrated  Bartholomew 
de  las  Cafas,  the  friend  of  mankind,  was 
the  flrft  biiliop  of  Chiapa  ;  and  having 
complained  to  the  court  of  Madrid  of  the 
cruelties  of  the  Spaniards  here,  procured 
the  people  great  privileges,  and  exemption 
from'  llavery.  This  Is  a  very  large  and 
rich  place, with  many  cloifters  and  church- 
es in  it,  and  no  tov/n  has  fo  many  Dons  of 
Indian  blood  as  this  Chiapa.  On  the  river 
they  have  feveral  boats,  in  which  they 
often  exhibit  fea  fights  and  fieges.  In  the 
environs  are  feveral  farms  well  locked 
with  cattle,  and  feme  fugar  plantations. 
Wheat  is  brought  here  from'  the  SpanilTi 
Chiapa,  and  of  it  they  make  hard  bifcuit, 
which  the  poorer  Spaniards  and  Indians 
carry  about  and  exchange  for  cotton  wool, 
or  fuch  little  things  as  they  want.  There 
ire  about  20,000  Indians  in  this  town. 

Chkapec,  or"  Chickahre,  a  fmalt  river  in 
MafTachufetts.  The  principal  branches  of 
"which  rife  in  Rutland  and  Leicefter,  unit- 
ing in  the  E  part  of  Brookfield,  the  ftream 
runs  into  Quaboag  pond,  liTuing  thence  it 
unites  with  Ware  river,  and  6  miles  after 
emptlesinto  the  Connecfticut  at  Springfield. 

Chiccanjovga,  a  large  creek  which  runs 
JJ  weflerly  into  TenelTee  river.  Its 
inouth  is  6  miles  above  the  Whirl,  and 
about  27  S  W  from  the  mouth  of  the  Hi- 
wafiee.  Nlat.  3518.  The  Chiccamogga 
Indian  towns  lie  on  this  creek  and  on  the 
bank  of  the  Tenefl"ee.     See  Chichamaves. 

Chichejler^  Upper  and  Loiver,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Delaware  co.  Pennfylvania,  the 
firft  containing  385,  the  other  522  inhab- 
itants. 

Cbkhcjier,  a  fmall  townfliip  in  Rocklng- 
Iiarrt  CO.  N.  HampHiIre,  about  35  miles  N 
W  of  Exeter,  and  45  from  Portfmouth. 
Tt  lies  on  Suncook  R  was  incorporated  in 
1727,  and  contains  775  inhabitants. 

Chkhahom'/ny,  a  fmall  navigable  river  in 
Virginia.  At  its  mouth  in  jameB  river, 
^7  miles  from  Point  Corn-Tort,  in  Chefa- 
peak  bay,  is  a  bar,  on  which  is  only  12 
feet  water  at  common  flood  tide.  Ve^els 
pafllng  that,  may  go  8  miles  up  rhe  river  : 
thofe  of  10  feet  draught  12  miles  ;  and 
vefTeis  of  6  tons  burden  may  go  32  miles 
up  the  river. 

Ch'ickantacomico  Creche  In  Dorcheflcr  CO. 
Maryland,    runs  foutherly  between  the 


tov/ns  of  MIddletown  and  Vienna,  ah^ 
empties  into  Fifliing  bay. 

Chickamages,  a  part  of  the  Cherokee  na* 
tion  of  Indians,  known  by  this  name,  in- 
habit 5  villages  on  TenelTee  river.  See 
Chiccamogga. 

Chickafaiu  Bluff,  is  on  the  eaflern  bank  of 
the  Miflifippi,  within  the  territory  of 
the  United  States,  in  N  lat.  1$.  The  Span- 
iards eredled  here  a  ftrong,  ftockaded  fort, 
with  cannon,  and  furnillied  it  v/ith  troops, 
all  in  the  fpace  of  24  hours,  in  the  month 
of  June,  1 795.  It  has  fince  been  given  up 
according  to  the  treaty  of  1796. 

Chickafaiv,  a  creek  which  falls  into  tlie 
WabafTi  from  the  E,  a  little  below  Poll  St. 
Vincent. 

ChrckafaiVy  a  river  which  empties  into 
the  Miffifippi,  on  the  E  fide,  1C4  miles  N 
from  the  mouth  of  Margot,  a'ld  67  S  W 
of  Mine  au  fer.  The  lands  here  are  of  an 
excellent  quaUty,  and  covered  with  a  va- 
riety of  ufeful  timber,  canes,  &c.  I'his 
river  may  be  afcended  during  high  floods: 
upwards  of  30  miles  with  boats  of  feveral 
tons  burden. 

Cbickafaiiis,  a  famous  nation  of  Indians,- 
v/ho  inliabit  the  country  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  MinifippI,  on  the  head  branches  of 
the  Tomblgbee,  Mobile  and  Yazoo  rivers, 
in  the  N  W  corner  of  the  flate  of  Georgia, 
and  N  of  the  country  of  the  Chodlaws. 
Their  country  is  an  extenfive  plain,  toler- 
ably well  watered  from  fprings,  and  of  a 
pretty  good  foil.  They  have  7  towns,  the 
central  one  of  which  is  in  N  lat,  34  23,  W 
Ion.  89  30.  The  number  of  fouls  in  this 
nation  has  been  formerly  reckoned  at 
1725,  of  which  575  were  fighting  men. 
There  are  fome  negroes  ranong  the  Cliick- 
afaws,  who  either  Vx'ere  taken  captive  in 
war,  or  ran  away  from  their  mailers,  and 
fought  fafety  among  the  Indians.  Their 
origin  as  given  to  a  late  MilTionary,  A'Ir. 
BuUen,  is  this  :  "  W'e  are  only  a  family 
from  a  great,  rich  nation,  towards  the  fet- 
ting  fun,  as  far  as  Indians  travel  in  two 
moons  ;  our  fathers  dreamed  that  towards 
the  rifingfun  wasthe  land  of  life  ;  thefc- peo- 
ple know  more  than  lndians,an<l  are  above' 
v/ant ;  from  them  our  poilerity  wll!  learn 
good  things.  Our  fathers  then  travelled, 
came  here ;  this  is  the  land  of  life.  Our 
great  Father's  -zuhiii;  children,  know  more 
than  Indians  ;  Chickafaws  not  hurt  any  of 
them.  Bye  and  bye  we  learn  of  them  things 
mnke  us  glad."  This  agrees  with  the  hii- 
tory  of  their  conduA ;  other  accounts 
fay  they  glory  in  having  never  flied  the 
blood  of  an  Englilli  Americaii ;  that  they 

hava 


CHI 


CHI 


^.lave  merited  more  from  the  Unked  States 
than  all  the  other  Indian  tribes.  Like 
other  favages  they  believe  in  witchcraft  ; 
everv  man  has  as  many  wives  as  he  pleaf- 
es ;  their  connedtion  is  only  during  the 
plealure  of  the  parties  ;  the  children  when 
the  parents  feparate  belong  to  the  nvather. 
A  Chickafaw  beau  is  loaded  with  orna- 
"ments,  and  covered  with  various  paintings, 
with  a  looking  glafs  in  his  pocket,  or  fuf- 
pended  by  his  fide.  They  have  lately 
given  a  kind  reception  to  a  Chriftian 
JVIiffionary  from  N.  York,  and  it  may  be 
hoped  that  foon  morals  and  the  ftate  of 
fociety  will  be  improved  among  them. 
They  have  fields  well  cultivated,  plenty 
of  cows,  horfes,  hogs,  and  corn.  Num- 
bers of  white  people  have  fettled  in  their 
neighbourhood, over  whom  ouragent  with 
the  Indians  a(5ls  as  magiftrate.  In  one  of 
their  towns  is  a  pofl:  office.  In  1539,  Fer- 
dinand de  Soto,  with  900  men,  befide  fea- 
men,  failed  from  Cuba  with  a  defign  to 
conquer  Florida.  He  travelled  northward 
to  the  Chickafaw  country  about  lat.  35  or 
36  ;  and  3  years  after  died,  and  was  buri- 
td  on  thebmk  of  Miffifippi  river. 

Chicomuzdn.,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Chiapa,  in  New  Spain,  having  a  cave  very 
narrow  at  tljjfe  entry,  but  fpacious  within, 
with  a  fegnant  lake,  Vvrhich  is,  however, 
clear,  and  Is  a  fathoms  deep  towards  the 
banks. 

Chihemecomet  IfianJ,  or  Chichnhiochcumt- 
fioci,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Carolina,  lies  be- 
tween Roanoke  ifland  and  the  northern 
entrance  into  Pamlico  fcund. 

Chrhnhoeki,  an  Indian  nation  who  were 
confederates  of  the  Lenopi  or  Delawares, 
and  inhabited  the  weftern  bank  of  Dela- 
ware R.  which  was  anciently  called  by 
their  nam.e.  Their  fouthern  boundary 
was  Duck  creek,  in  Newcaftle  co 

Chikago  R.  empties  into  the  S  W  end  of 
IakeMichigan,wnerea  fort  formerly  flood. 
Here  the  Indians  have  ceded  to  the  United 
States,  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  a  tradl 
of  land  6  miles  fquare. 

Ch'igneBo  Channel,  the  N  weflern  arm  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy,  into  which  Petitcodiac 
R.  falls.  The  fpring  tides  rife  here  60  feet. 

Chilapan,  a  town  in  N.  Spain,  in  the 
•ountry  of  the  Cohuixcas.  Between  this 
and  Tcoiltylan  is  an  entire  mountain  of 
loadftone. 

Cbilca,  a  town  in  the  jurifdiclion  of  Ca- 
nette  in  Peru,  S.  America,  celebrated  for 
its  excellent  faltpetre,  of  which  gun  pow- 
der is  made  in  the  metropolis.  It  abounds 
with  plenty  of  fifh,  fruits,  pulfe,  and  poul- 
VoL.  I.  N 


try,  in  which  It  carries  on  a  very  confider« 
able  trade  with  Lima,  10  leagues  dilbant. 
Slat.  12  31,  Wlon.  765. 

Chilcjhury,  a  poll  town  in  Caroline  co* 
Virginia,  90  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Cbilt,  in  S.  America,  is  bounded  bv  Peru, 
on  the  N ;  by  Paraguay  or  La  Plata,  on 
the  E  ;  by  Patagonia,  on  the  S  ;  and  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  W.  It  is  iix 
length  about  ia6o  miles,  In  breadth  j8o  ; 
between  25  and  44  S  lat.  and  between  6$ 
and  85  W  Ion.  It  lies  on  both  fides  of  the 
Andes.  Cliili  proper,  lies  on  the  W  ;  and 
Cuyo  or  Cutio,  on  the  E.  The  principal 
towns  In  the  former,  are  St.  Jago  and  Bal- 
divla  ;  in  the  latter,  St.  John  de  Frontlera. 
The  climate  of  Chili,  is  one  of  the  mod: 
delightful  in  the  world,  being  a  mediuni 
between  the  intenfe  heats  of  the  torrid, 
and  the  piercing  colds  of  the  frigid  zones. 
Along  the  coaft  of  the  Pacific  ocean,they  en- 
joy a  fine  temperate  air,  and  a  clear  ferene 
iky,  moft  part  of  the  year  ;  but  foraetimes 
the  winds  that  blow  from  the  mountains, 
in  winter,  are  exceedingly  fharp.  Tliere 
are  few  places  in  this  extenfive  country, 
where  the  foil  is  not  exuberantly  rich  ; 
and  were  its  natural  advantages  feconded 
by  the  induftry  of  the  inhabitants.  Chili 
would  be  the  niofl  opulent  kingdom  ia 
America.  The  horfes  and  mules  of  Chili, 
are  In  great  efteem,  particularly  the  form,- 
er.  Prodigious  numbers  of  oxen,  goats 
and  flieep,  are  fattened  in  the  luxuriant 
paftures  of  Chili, and  indeed  this  Is  the  only 
part  of  hulhandry  to  which  the  inhabitants 
pay  any  confiderable  attention.  An  ox 
well  fattened  may  be  purchafed,  for  four 
dollars.  Turkeys,  geefe,  and  all  kinds  of 
poultry,  are  found  here  in  the  fame  pro- 
fufion.  The  coafts  abound  with  many  ex- 
cellent fifli ;  there  are  alfo  vaft  numbers  of 
whales  and  fea  wolves.  The  foil  produces 
Indian  and  European  corn,  hemp,  grapes, 
and  all  other  fruits.  The  European  Iruit 
tiees  are  obliged  to  be  propped  to  enable 
them  to  fuflain  the  weight  of  the  fruit. 
Orange  trees  are  In  bloom  and  bear  fruit; 
throughout  the  year.  Olives  alfo,  and 
almond  trees,  thrive  exceedingly  well;  and 
the  Inhabitants  prefs  a  kind  of  mufcadine 
wine  from  the  grapes,  which  far  exceeds 
any  of  the  land  made  In  Spam.  Mines 
of  gold,  filver,  copper,  tin,  quickfilver,  iron 
and  led,  abound  In  this  country.  Vaft 
quantities  of  gold  are  waflied  down  from 
the  mountains  by  bt  ooks  and  torrents;  the 
annual  amount  of  which  when  manufac- 
tured, is  eftimated  at  no  lefs  than  8.'  0,000 
dollars.  Chili  has  always  had  commer- 
cial. 


CHI 


CHI 


clal  conue<£tions  with  the  neighbouring  In- 
dians on  its  frontiers,  with  Peru  and  Para- 
gua.  The  Indians,  in  their  tranfacSions, 
are  found  to  be  perfectly  honefl;.  Chili 
fupplies  Peru  with  hides,  dried  fruit,  cop- 
per, fait  meat,  horfes,  hemp,  and  corn ; 
and  receives  in  exchange,  tobacco,  fugar, 
cocoa,  earthen  Avare,  fome  inanufadturcs 
made  at  Quito,  and  fome  articles  of  luxury- 
brought  from  Europe.  To  Paraguay  ibe 
fends  wine,  brandy,  oil,  and  chiefly  gold  ; 
and  receives  in  payment,  mules,  wax,  cot- 
ton, the  herb  of  Paraguay,  negroes,  &c. 
The  commerce  betweea  the  two  colonies 
is  not  carried  on  by  fea ;  it  hath  been 
found  more  expeditious,  fafer,  and  even 
lefs  expenfive,  to  go  by  land,  though  it  is 
354  leagues  from  St.  jago  to  Buenos  Ay- 
res,  and  more  than  40  leagues  of  the  way 
are  araidft  the  fnows  and  precipices  of  the 
Cordilleras.  The  hidians  in  this  country 
are  frill  in  a  great  meafure  unconqu«red  ; 
they  liv.e  fcattared  in  the  deferts  and  for- 
efls,  and  it  is  impollible  to  afcertain  their 
numbers.  Thofe  Indians,  Vv^hich  are  not 
fubjec^.  10  the  Spanifli  yoke,  are  very 
honeft  in  their  commercial  tranfacflions  ; 
ftut  iiV:e  almofl:  all  other  Indians,  they  are 
\'ery  fond  of  fplrituous  liquors.  They  live 
in  fmall  huts,  wliich  they  build  in  the 
courlc  of  a  day  or  two  at  fartheft  ;  and 
which  they  abandon  when  hard  pufhed 
by  an  enemy.  They  are  brave  and  war- 
like, and  nil  the  attempts  of  the  Spaniardsto 
fubdue  them  have  proved  InefFedrual.  It 
is  almoft  equally  difficult  to  afcertain  the  ' 
number  of  Spaniards  in  Chili.  The  Abbe  ; 
Ra^/nal  fays,  there  are  40,000  in  the  city  : 
of  St.  Jago  ;  if  this  be  true,  the  aggregate 
number  in  all  the  provinces  of  Chili  mufl 
be  more  confiderable  than  has  been  gen- 
erally fuppofed.  St.  Jago  is  the  capital  of 
this  country,  and  the  feat  of  government. 
The  commandant  there  is  fubordinate  to 
the  Viceroy  of  Peru,  in  all  matters  relating 
to  the  government,  to  the  finances,  and  to 
war  ;  but  he  is  independent  of  him  as 
chief  adminiftrator  of  jufl:ice,and  prefident 
of  the  royal  audiance.  Eleven  inferior 
officers,  diftribiited  in  the  province,  are 
cliarged,  under  his  orders,  with  the  de- 
tails of  adminirtration.  This  country  was 
firft  difcovered  by  Don  Diego  d'Almagro, 
in  1525. 
.  Chillotvee  Mountain,  in  the  foutheaftern 
part  of  the  flate  of  TenelTee,  and  between 
rt  and  the  Cherokee  country. 

ChlUhftiaqiic,  a  townlliip  on  Sufquehanna 
R.  in  Pennfylvania. 

Chillakoihe.  an  Indian  town  on  the  Great 


Miami,  which  was  deftroyed  in  178a  by  a 
body  of  militia  from  Kentucky.  Gen. 
Harmar  fuppofes  this  to  be  the  "  Englifli 
Tawixtwi,"  in  Hutchins's  map.  Here  are 
the  ruins  of  an  old?  fort  ;■  and  on  both  fide* 
of  the  river  are  exteniive  meadows.  This 
name  is  applied  to  many  different  places, 
in  honour  of  an  influential  chief,  who  for- 
merly headed  the  Shawanoes.  See  Ta-wix^ 
tivi. 

Chillukothe,  OIJ^  is  an  Indian  town  de- 
ftroyed by  the  forces  of  the  U.  S  in  1780. 
It  lies  about  3  miles  S  of  Little  Miami 
R.  The  country  in  its  vicinity  is  of  a  rich 
foil,  and  is  beautifully  chequered  wiih 
meadows. 

Ch'ilmark,  a  townfliip  on  Martha's 
Vineyard  I.  Duke's  co.  Maflachufetts, 
containing  800  inhabitants.  It  lies  90 
miles  S  by  E  of  Boflon,  See  Marthas 
Vineyard, 

Chiloe,  a  confiderable  ifland  of  Chili,  S. 
America,  the  S  part  of  which  is  divided 
from  the  continent  by  a  narrow  fea,  and 
the  continent  there  forms  a  bay  ;  it  is 
fituated  betv/een  42  and  44,of  S  lat.  being 
about  150  miles  in  length  and  21  in 
breadth.  The  illai.d  produces  ail  necef- 
fary  proviiions,  excepting  wine,  and  quan- 
tities of  ambergris  are  foundon  the  coaH-. 
It  has  an  inditlereut  fort  called  Chacao. 
Caftro,  the  chief  town,  ftands  between 
two  brooks,  with  a  fmall  caflle  which  com- 
mands the  harbour.  It  has  no  other  de- 
fence, and  the  houfes  are  few  and  feat- 
tered. 

Cbiiloas,  a  jurifdidlion  in- the  biflioprick^ 
of  Truxillo,  in  S  America. 

Chilqiies,  a  jurifdidlion  of  S.  America,  in 
Peru,  fubjetft  to  the  bifhop  of  Cufco,  8 
leagues  S  E  from  that  city.  Its  comnierce 
confifls  in  woollen  manufa(5tures,  grain  of 
all  kinds,  cows,  fhcep,  &c. 

Chimbo,  a  jurifdi^lion  in  the  province 
of  Zinto,  in  S.  America,  in  the  torrid 
zone.  I'he  capital  is  alfo  called  by  the 
fame  name. 

Chi7nbora'zo,\nihe  province  of  Quito,  Js- 
the  higheft  point  of  the  Andes,  and  the 
higheft  mountain  as  yet  known  in  the 
world;  being,  according  to  Condamine, 
19,200  feet;  according  to  others,  20,608 
feet,  above  tlie  level  of  the  fea.  It  lies 
nearly  under  the  line,  being  in  i  41  40, 
S  lat.  yet  its  tops  are  covered  with  ice 
and  fnow,  and  by  the  winds  which  blow 
from  it,  the  country  adjacent  is  often 
pierced  with  intolerable  cold. 

Chlnca,  a  large  and  pleafant  valley  ia 
the   diocefe   of  Lima,  in  Peru.     Pizarro 

de  fired 


CHO 


CHO 


tltfired  the  king  of  Spain  that  this  might 
J3e  the  limits  of  his  government  on  the 
S,  and  that  the  river  St.  Jago  fliould  bound 
it  on  the  N.  The  valley  bears  good  wheat, 
and  Spanifli  vines  thrive  well  in  it. 

Chincacoca^  a  lake  in  Peru,  in  the  town 
of  Cuanuca. 

Cbipaivas.      See  Chepatvas. 

Cbippaiva,  an  inconfiderable  place  near 
the  falls  of  Niagara,  lo  miles  from  Queenf- 
town. 

Chippaiva  Creek,  a  ftream  which  empties 
itfelf  into  Niagara  R.  i,|  mile  above  the 
falls,  it  is  a  fine  canal  without  falls  40 
miles  in  length.  It  has  its  name  fiom  the 
Indians,  who  once  inhabited  its  banks. 
Here  is  a  garrifon,  a  few  ftores,  and  fev- 
£ral  houfes. 

Cbippeiva  R.  runs  S  wefhvard  into  Mifll- 
iippi  R.  in  that  part  where  the  confluent 
waters  form  lake  Pepin,  in  N  iat.  44,  W 
Ion.  ()2,  54- 

Chiragoiv.      Sfe  Ple'in  ri'ver, 

Chijfdy  a  fort  in  the  ftate  of  TenelTee, 
i4  miles  from  Englilli  ferry,  on  New  riv- 
■er;  43  from  Abingdon,  and  107  from 
Long  id  and,  on  Holiton. 

Chittenden  Co.  in  Vermont,  li^s  on  lake 
Champlain,  between  Franklin  co.  on  the 
N,  and  Addifon  S  ;  La  Moille  river  paffes 
through  its  N  W  corner,  and  Onion  river 
divides  it  nearly  in  the  center.  Its  chief 
town  is  Burlington.  It  contains  12,778 
inhabitants. 

ChHtenden,  a  tovvnfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  contains  327  inhabitants.  'I'he 
road  over  the  mountain  pafles  through 
this  townlliip.  It  lies  7  miles  E  from  the 
fort  on  Otter  creek,  in  Pittsford,  and  about 
60  N  by  E  from  Bennington. 

Chittenengo,  or  Canafirage,  a  COnfiderable 
ftream  which  runs  northerly  into  Lake 
Ooeida. 

Chocolate  Crcehy  a  head  water  of  Tioga  R. 
in  14.  York,  whofe  mouth  is  10  miles  S  VV 
of  the  Painted  Poft. 

C'jocoJacoca,  which  the  Spaniards  call 
Caftro  Virreyna,a  town  of  Peru, 60  leagues 
S  eaflward  of  I^ima,  is  very  famous  for  its 
lilver  mines,  which  are  at  the  top  of  a 
great  mountain,  always  covered  with 
fnow,  and  but  1  leagues  from  the  town. 
The  (tones  of  the  mine  are  of  a  dark  blue 
colour ;  thefe  being  calcined  and  pov/- 
dered,  then  fteeped  in  water  and  quickfil- 
ver,  the  filth  is  feparatcd  and  the  filver 
melted  and  formed  into  bars.  Thefe  veins 
are  not  very  rich,  but  the  metal  is  very 
fine.  They  make  plenty  of  wine  here, 
where  it  attains  a  greater  degree  of  per- 


fedlion,  owing  to  the  pureneCs  of  the  air, 
than  it  is  obferved  to  have  elfewhere. 

Chocnpe,  a  town  in   the  jurifdidtion  of 

Truxillo,   in   S.   America,  in    Peru ;     14 

leagues  Ibuthward  of  St.  Pedro.     Here  are 

about  90  or  100  houles,  and  about  60  or 

70  families,  chiefly  Spaniaixls,  with  fome 

of  the  other  calls,  but  not  above  25   In- 

i  dian  families.     It  has  a   church   built  of 

j   brick,  both  large  and  decent.     The  peo- 

j  pie  here  mention  a  rain  that  fell  in  1726, 

which  lafted  40  nights,  beginning  ccnftant- 

ly  at  4  or  5  in  the  evening,  and  ceafuig  at 

the  fame  hour  next  morning,  which  laid 

moll  of  the  houles  in  ruins.     S  Iat.  7  46. 

Cbocorua,  a  mountain  in  Grafton  co.  N. 

Hampflaire,  on  the  N  line  of  Strafford  co. 

N  of  Tamworth. 

Chocuito,  or  rather  Chucuiio,  or  THl  Caca^ 
a  large  lake  near  Paria,  in  S.  America^- 
and  in  Peru,  into  which  a  great  number 
of  rivers  empty  themfeives.  It  is  240 
miles  in  circumference,  aild  in  fome  parts 
80  fathoms  deep  ;  yet  the  water  cannot 
be  drank,  it  is  fo  very  turbid.  It  abounds 
in  fifli,  which  they  dry  and  fait,  and  ex- 
change with  the  neighbouring  provinces 
for  brandy,  wines,  meal,  or  money.  It  is 
faid  the  ancient  Yncas,  on  the  conqueft  of 
Peru,  by  tlie  Spaniards  threw  into  this 
lake,  all  their  riches  of  gold  and  filver.  It 
was  this  lake  into  whi':h  the  Ynca  Huana 
Capac,  threv/  the  famous  chain  of  gold, 
the  value  of  which  was  immenie.  It  a- 
bounds  with  flags  and  ruflies,  of  which 
Capac  Vupanchi,  the  iifth  Ynca,  built  a 
bridge,  for  tranfporting  his  army  to  the 
other  fide. 

Choifcul  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coafl  of  the 
iflands  of  theArfacides,W  of  PortPraflin. 
The  inhabitants  on  this  bay,  like  thole  at 
Port  Praflin,  have  a  cuftom  of  powdering 
their  hair  with  lime,  which  burns  it  and 
gives  it  a  red  appearance. 

Chops,  The,  in  Kennebeck  river,  3  mile? 
above  Swan  Ifland. 

Choptank,  a  large  navigable  river  of  the 
eaflern  fliore  of  Maryland,  emptying  into 
Chefapeak  bay 

Chuivan  Co.  in  Edenton  diftricSl,  N.  Car- 
olina, on  the  N  fide  of  Albemarle  found. 
It  contains  3730  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1760  are  flaves.     Chief. town,  Edenton. 

Choxvan  R.  in  N.  Carolina,  falls  into  the 
N  W  corner  of  Albemarle  found.  It  is  3 
miles  wide  at  the  mouth,  but  narrows  faft 
as  you  afcend  it.  It  is  formed  5  miles  from 
the  Virginia  line,  by  the  confluence  of 
Meherrin,  Nottaway,  and  Black  rivers, 
wiiich  all  rife  in  Virginia. 

Chrtjl 


CHR 


CHIT 


ChriJI  Church,  a  pariHi  in  Charlefton  dif- 
tricft,  S.  Carolina,  containing  4034  inhab- 
itants, of  Avhom  449  are  whitesj  3585 
flaves. 

Chrijlian,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
33 1 8  inhabitants.  At  the  court  houie  is 
a  pcft  office,  8i6  miles  from  Walliingtcm. 

Chrijlicna  Bridge,  a  poft  town  in  New- 
caftle  CO.  Delaware,  is  fituated  on  a  nav- 
igable creek  of  its  name,  i  x  miles  from 
ilkton,  9  S  W  of  Wilmington,  and  37  S 
W  of  Philadelphia.  The  town,  confifting 
of  about  50  houfes,  and  a  Prefbyterian 
church,  ftands  on  a  declivity  which  com- 
mands a  pleafant  profpe(!i  of  the  country 
towards  the  Delaware.  It  carries  on  a 
brilk  trade  with  Philadelphia  in  flour.  It 
is  the  greateft  carrying  place  between  the 
navigable  waters  of  the  Delaware  and 
Chefapeak;  which  are  13  miles  afunder 
at  this  place.  It  was  built  by  the  Swedes, 
in  1640,  and  thus  called  after  their  queen. 

Chrijliana  Creek,  on  which  the  above 
town  is  lituated,  falls  into  Delaware  R. 
from  the  S  W,  a  little  below  Wilmington. 
It  is  propofed  to  cut  a  canal  of  about  9 
miles  in  length,  in  a  S  weflern  dire(5lion 
from  this  creek,  at  the  town  of  Chriftlana 
(6  mile^  W  S  W  of  New  CafUe)  to  Elk  R. 
in  Maryland,  about  a  mile  below  Elkton. 
See  Delaivare,  and  Wilmhigton. 

Chrijiiana,St.  one  of  the  Marquefas  ides, 
called  by  the  natives  Waitahu,  lies  under 
the  fame  parrallel  with  St.  Pedro,  3  or  4 
leagues  more  to  the  weft.  Refolution 
bay,  near  the  middle  of  the  W  fide  of  the 
ifland,  is  in  lat.  9  55  30  S,  Ion.  139  8  40  W, 
from  Greenwich  ;  and  the  W  end  of  Dom- 
inica N  15  W.  Capt.  Cook  gave  this  bay 
the  name  of  his  fliip.  It  was  called  Port 
Madre  de  Dios  by  the  Spaniards.  I'his 
ifland  produces  cotton  of  a  fuperior  kind. 
A  ipecinien  of  it  is  depofited  in  the  mufe- 
um  of  tlie  MaiT.  Hift.  Society. 

Chrijllanfburg,  the  chief  town  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Virginia.  It  contains  very 
few  houfes  ;  has  a  court  houfe  and  go.al, 
iituated  near  a  branch  of  Little  R.  a  water 
of  the  Kanhaway.  It  is  478  miles  from 
Philadelpiiia.     N  lat.  375. 

Chr'ijlianftcd,  the  principi  1  town  in  the 
ifland  of  Santa  Cruz,  fituated  on  the  N 
fide  of  the  ifland,  on  a  fine  harbour.  It  is 
the  refidence  of  theDanifli  governor,  and 
is  defended  by  a  ftone  fortrefs. 

ChrljVianf'uVle,  a  poft  tov/n  cf  Mecklen- 
burg CO.  Virginia,  243  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Chr\[}mas  I/land,  in  the  Pacific  ocean,  lies 
entirely  folitary,  nearly  equally  diftant 


from  the  Sandwich  iflands  on  tlic  N,  ani' 
the  Marquefas  on  the  S.  It  was  fo  named 
by  Capt.  Cook,  on  account  of  his  firft 
landing  there,  on  Chriflmas  day.  Not  a 
drop  of  frefli  water  was  found  by  digging. 
A  lliip  touching  at  this  defolate  ifle  muTt 
exped:  nothing  but  turtle,  fifli,  and  a  few 
birds.  It  is  about  15  or  ao  leagues  In  cir- 
cumference, and  bounded  by  a  reef  of 
coral  rocks. on  the  W  fide  of  v,:hich  there 
is  a  bank  of  fine  fand,  extending  a  mil« 
into  the  fea,  and  affording  good  anchorage. 
N  lat.  I  s<),  W  ion.  157  30. 

Chrijlmas  Sound,  in  Terra  del  Fuego,  S. 
America,  S  lat.  5s  -i>  W  Ion.  69  57. 

Cbrijlcphers,  St.  an  ifland  in  the  W.Indies, 
belonging  to  G.  Britain,  commonly  called, 
by  the  failors,  St.  Kitts ;  by  the  ancient 
Indians,  Ay-ay  ;  and  by  the  Charaibes, 
Liamniga,  or  the  fertile  ifland,  is  lituated 
in  N  lat.  17,  W  Ion.  62 ;  and  is  20  miles 
long  and  7  broad,  containing  about  80 
fquare  miles.  It  was  difcovered  in  No- 
vember, 1493,  by  Colmbus  himfelf,  who 
was  fo  pleafed  with  its  appearance,  that  he 
honoured  it  with  his  own  chriftian  name; 
but  it  was  neither  planted  nor  poffeffed 
by  the  Spaniards.  It  is  however  the  oldeft 
of  all  the  Britilh  territories  in  the  W.  In- 
dies. In  1626,  it  was  fettled  by  the  Frencli 
and  Englifli  conjointly ;  but  entirely  ceded 
to  the  latter  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht. 
Great  quantities  of  indigo  were  formerly 
raifedhere.  In  1770,  the  exports  amount- 
ed to  above  £.419,000  fterling,  in  fugar, 
molafies,  and  rum  ;  and  near  ;^.8ooo  for 
cotton.  Befide  cotton,  ginger,  and  the 
tropical  fruitSjitproduccd, in  1787,231,397 
cwt.  of  fugar,  and  in  1790,  but  about 
113,000  cwt.  It  is  computed  that  thi* 
ifland  contains  6000  whites,  and  36,000 
negroes.  In  February,  1782,  it  was  taken 
by  the  French,  but  reltored  to  Britain  by 
the  treaty  of  1783. 

Cbutnbi  Vilcas,  a  jurifdidion  fubje<5l  to 
the  biflaop  cf  Cufco,  in  Peru,  about  40 
leagues  from  that  city  ;  it  produces  corn, 
fruits,  large  paftures  for  cattle,  and  mines 
of  gold  and  filver. 

Chnnh  Creek  Toivn,  in  Dorchefter  CO. 
Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of  Church 
creek,  a  branch  of  Fludfon  R.  7  miles  S 
wefterly  from  Cambridge. 

Church  Hill,  a  village,  where  is  a  poft 
office,  in  Queen  Anne's  co.  Maryland  ;  N 
W  01  Bridg  town,  and  N  E  of  Centrevillc 
8  miles,  and  85  S  W  from  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  40  9,  Wlon.  75  53- 

Church  Hill  fort,  in  New  N.  V.'^ales, 
ilands  at  the  mouth  cf  Seal  R.  on  the  Is 

iide 


€IN 


CL  A 


fide  of  Hudfon  bay  ;  120  miles  N  N  E  of 
York  Fort.     N  lat.  48  58,  W  Ion.  94  13- 

Churchill  jR.  in  New  S.  Wales,  runs  N 
eafterly  into  the  W  lide  of  Hudfon  bay,  at 
Church  Hill  Fort,  in  lat  .58  57  32  N,  Ion. 
94  12  30  W.  See  Ne'zuBritain,Shcchary.,i5'c. 

Churchtoivn^  a  village  in  the  N  E  part  of 
Lancafter  co.  Pennfylvania,  ^bout  ao  miles 
E  N  E  of  Lancafter,  and  50  W  N  W  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  \i  houfes,  and  an 
Epifcopal  church  ;  and  in  the  environs 
are  tv/o  forges,  which  manufadture  about 
450  tons  of  bar  iron  annually. 

Ciacica,  a  jurifdi6tion  in  Peru,  fubjeA 
to  the  archbiiliqp  of  Plata,  and  90  leagues 
diftant  from  that  city  ;  abounding  in  co- 
coa, cattle,  and  fome  filver  mines. 

Cibola, or  Civola,  the  name  of  a  town  in, 
and  alfo  the  ancient  name  of,  New  Gran- 
ada, in  Terra  Firma,  S.  America.  The 
country  here,  though  not  mountainous,  is 
very  cool ;  and  the  Indians  are  faid  to  be 
the  whiteft,  wittieft,  moft  fmcere  and  or- 
derly of  all  the  aboriginal  Americans. 
When  the  country  was  difcovered,  they 
had  each  but  one  wife,  and  were  excei- 
fively  jealous.  They  worlhipped  water, 
and  an  old  woman  that  was  a  magician  ; 
and  believed  flie  lay  hid  under  one  of 
their  lakes. 

Cicero,  in  JLyfander  townfliip,  N.  York, 
on  the  S  W  fide  of  Oneida  lake  ;  and  be- 
tween it,  the  Salt  lake,  and  the  Salt  i'prings. 
See  L^'Jander. 

Cinnha,  called  by  fome  Cinoleo,  a  prov- 
ince in  the  audience  of  Galicia,  in  Old 
Mexico  or  New  Spain.  It  has  the  gulf  of 
California  on  the  W,the  province  of  Cu- 
iiacan  on  the  S,  and  the  kingdom  of  New- 
Mexico  on  the  N  and  E.  From  S  E  to  N 
E  it  is  about  100  leagues  ;  and  not  above 
40  where  broadeft.  On  the  £  llde  it  is 
bounded  by  the  high,  craggy  mountains, 
called  Tepecfuan,  30  or  40  leagues  from 
the  fea.  It  is  well  watered,  its  rivers 
abound  with  fifli,  and  the  air  is  ferene  and 
healthful.  It  abounds  with  all  forts  of 
fruit,  and  grain,  and  cotton.  The  natives 
are  hardy  and  induftrious,  and  manufac- 
ture cotton  cloth,  with  which  they  clothe 
themfelves. 

Cincinnati,  a  flourifliing  poft  town  in  the 
ftate  of  Ohio.  It  ftands  on  the  N  bank 
of  theOhio,  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Lick- 
ing R.  24  miles  S»W  of  Fort  Wafliington, 
and  about  8  miles  wefterly  of  Columbia. 
Both  thefe  towns  lie  between  Great  and 
Little  Miami  rivers.  Cincinnati  contains 
about  300  houfes  ;  and  is  82  miles  N  by 
E  of  Ffankfort ;  <>oN  V/  of  Lexington,  and 


779  Wby  S  of  Philadelphia.  Some  per* 
fons  a  fliort  time  fince,  in  digging  a  weii, 
on  the  hill,  in  this  town,  at  the  depth  of 
90  feet  came  to  dijlump  of  a  tree,  the  roots 
of  which  were  fo  found  that  they  had  tq 
be  cut  away  with  an  axe  ;  at  94  feet  they 
came  to  another,  which  ftiil  bore  evident 
marks  of  the  axe,  and  on  its  top  there  ap- 
peared as  if  fome  iron  tool  had  been  con- 
iumed  by  ruft.  N  lat.  39  22,  W  Ion.  85  44. 

Cincinnatus,  is  the  S  eallernmoft  of  the 
military  townfliips  of  N.  York  ftate.  It 
has  Virgil  W,  and  Salem  E,  and  lies  on  two 
branches  of  Tioughnioga  R.  a  N  weftern 
branch  of  the  Chenango.  The  center  of 
the  town  lies  53  miles  S  W  by  W  of 
Cooperftown,  and  39  S  E  by  S  of  th#  S  E 
end  of  Salt  Lake.     N  lat.  42  30. 

Circncejier.      See  Marcus  Hook. 

City  Paini,'m  Prince  George  co.  Virginia, 
a  port  office  is  kept  here,  169  miles  trom 
Wafliington.      See  Berrruda  Hundred. 

Ci'vidad  Real,  the  capital  city  of  Chiapa, 
in  New  Spain.  In  1570,  it  contained  about 
100  Spanifli  inhabitants.     See  Chiapa. 

Ci'vidad  Real,  is  the  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Gufiira,in  the  Edivilion  of  Paraguay. 

Claies,  Lake  aux,  now  Lake  Simcoe,  \% 
fituated  between  York  and  Gloucefter  bay 
on  Lake  Fluron,  in  U.  Canada  ;  it  has  a 
few  fmall  iilands,  and  feveral  good  har- 
bours ;  ^  vellel  has  been  built  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  facilitating  the  communication  by 
that  rout.  ii7nyiL. 

Clair,  St.  a  county  in  the  Indiana  len-i- 
tory,  was  laid  olFa7th  April,  1790.  Its 
boundaries  are  thus  officially  deici-ibed  ; 
"  Beginning  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Michillimackinack  river  ;  running  thence 
foutherly  in  a  direiil  line  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Little  river  above  fort  MaiTac,  upon 
the  Ohio  river ;  thence  with  the  Ohio  to 
its  junction  with  the  Miihfippi  ;  thence 
Up  the  Miflifippi  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Iliinos  river  ;  and  up  the  Illinois  to  the 
pWe  of  beginning,  with  all  the  adjacent 
illan^s  of  the  faid  rivers  Illinois  and  Milii- 
fippi."     It  contains  1255  inhabitants. 

Clair,  St.  a  fort  in  the  Indiana  territory, 
25  miles  N  of  fort  Kamilton,  on  a  fmaii 
creek  which  falls  into  the  Great  Miami  j 
21  miles  S  of  fort  Jeiierfon. 

Clair,  St.  Lake,  lies  about  half  way  be- 
tween lakePIuron  and  lake  Erie,  90  miles 
in  circumference.  It  receives  the  waters 
of  the  three  great  lakes,  Superior,  Miciii- 
gan,  and  Huron,  and  difcharges  them 
through  the  river  or  fbrtiit,  called  D'E- 
troit,  or  the  Straii,  into  lake  Erie.  Its 
channel,  as  alfo  that  of  the  lake,  is  fuffi^ 

cieatly 


CL  A 


CL  A 


cientl}'  deep  for  vefTel*.  of  very  confidera- 
h\e  burden.     See  D^Etroit. 

Clam  Toiun,  See  Egg  harbour. 

Clare,  a  townfhip  on  St.  Mary's  bay,  in 
Annapolis  co.  Nova  Scotia.  It  has  about 
50  families,  and  is  compofed  of  woodland 
5uid  fait  marfli. 

Claranont,  a  poil  town  in  Chefliire  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  E  fide  of  Connecti- 
cut river,  oppofite  Afcutney  mountain, 
in  Vermont,  and  on  the  N  fide  of  Sugar 
R.  24  miles  S  of  Dartmouth  college,  and 
8a  S  W  by  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1764,  and  contains  1889  in- 
habitants. 

Claremojif,  Co.  in  Siunpter  diftricl,  S. 
Carolina.     Statefburg  is  the  county  town. 

Clarence  Toivnfaip,  in  the  county  of  Stor- 
rnont,  U.  Canada,  is  the  ctli  towufliip  as 
you  afcend  the  Ottawa  river. 

Clarendon.      See  Ccrpc  Fear  river. 

Clarendon  Co.  in  Sumpter  diftrid:,  S.  Car- 
olina, about  30  miles  long,  and  30  broad. 

Clarendon.,  a  townfhip  near  the  center  of 
Rutland  co.  Vermont,  watered  by  Otter 
Creek  and  its  tributary  ftreams  ;  14  or 
Ij  miles  E  of  Fairhaven,  and  44  NE  of 
Bennington.  It  contains  1789  inhabit- 
ants. On  the  S  E  fide  of  a  mountain  in 
the  wefterly  part  of  Clarendon,  or  in  the 
edge  of  Tinmouth,  is  a  curious  cave,  the 
mouth  of  which  is  not  more  than  'x\  feet 
in  diameter.  In  its  defcent,  the  pafTage 
makes  an  angle  with  the  horizon  of  2,5 
or  40  degrees ;  but  continues  of  nearly 
the  fame  diameter  through  its  whole 
length,  v/hich  is  31 1  feet.  At  that  dif- 
tance  from  the  mouth,  it  opens  into  a 
fpacious  room,  20  feet  long,  \i\  wide, 
and  18  or  20  feet  high.  Everj"-  part  of 
the  floor,  fides  and  roof  of  this  room  ap- 
p€.»r  to  be  a  folid  rock,  but  very  rough  and 
uneven.  The  water  is  continually  per- 
colating through  the  top,  and  has  formed 
ftaladtites  of  various  forms  ;  many  of 
which  are  conical,  and  fome  have  the  ap- 
pearance of  mafllve  columns.  From  this 
room  there  is  a  communication  by  a  nar- 
row paflage  to  others  equally  curious. 

Clarke.,  a  new  county  of  Kentucky,  be- 
tween the  head  waters  of  Kentucky  and 
Licking  rivers.  It  contains  7523  inhabit- 
ants, 1535  being  flaves.  Its  chief  town  is 
Winchefher. 

Clarke  Toivrfcip,  in  the  CO.  of  Durham, 
XI.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  Hope,  and 
fronts  lake  Ontario. 

Clarhjhurg,  a  pofl  and  chief  town  of 
Harrifon  cc.  Virginia.  It  contains  about 
40  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  and  gaol ;  and 


tlands  on  the  E  fide  of  Monongahela  R- 
to  miles  S  W  of  Morgan  town. 

Clarkjhitrg,  a  tov.'n  of  MafTachufelts, 
Berklbire  co.  bounded  N  by  Stanford  in 
Vermont,  W  by  Williaroftown,  containing 

CiarJJhurg,  a  poft  town  of  Montgomery 
CO.  Maryland,  29  miles  from  Wafnington. 

Clarkjlurg,  a  poll  town,  Jackfon  co, 
Georgia,  704  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Clarks  Ferry,  Cum.beriandco.  Pennfylva^ 
nia,  where  is  a  pofl  office,  154  miles  front 
Wafliington. 

Clarkff-ville,  a  town  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
Miflilippi  river,  near  the  boundary  line 
between  Georgia  and  W  Florida.  'Ibja 
place  was  appointed  to  be  the  rendezvous 
of  the  Spanifli  and  American  CommifTion- 
ers  who  were  authorized  to  run  the  (Xi-- 
vifional  line  between  Spain  and  the  Unit- 
ed States,  according  to  the  Treaty  of  1 795. 

Clarhjio-zvn,  in  Orange  CO.  N.  York,  lie* 
on  the  W  lide  of  the  1  appan  Sea,  2  miles 
diflant  ;  nortlu;rly  from  Tappan  town^? 
fhip,  6  miles,  and  from  N.  York  city,  29 
miles.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  1796,  224 
of  its  inhabitants  were  elecftors, 

ClarkfvHle,  or  Clerlfmlle,  a  poft  and  chief 
town  of  Montgomery  co.  Teneflee,  is 
pleafantly  lituated  on  the  N  bank  of  Cum- 
berland R.  and  at  the  mouth  of  Red  river, 
oppofite  the  mouth  of  Muddy  Creek.  U 
contains  a  court  houfe  and  gaol,  45  miles 
N  W  of  Nalliville  ;  220  N  W  by  W  of 
KnoxviJle,aud  940  W  by  S  of  Philadei-. 
phia.     N  lat.  36  25,  W  Ion.  88  57. 

Clnrhf-ville,  a  fr-iall  fettlement  in  the  N 
W  territory,  which  contained,  in  1791, 
about  60  fouls.  It  is  fituated  on  the  north* 
ern  bank  of  the  Ohio,  oppofite  Louifville, 
a  mile  below  the  Rapids,  and  100  miles  S 
E  of  Poft  Vincent.  It  is  frequently  flood-, 
ed,  when  the  river  is  high,  and  inhabited 
by  people  who  cannot,  at  prefent,  find  a^ 
better  Situation. 

Claverack,  a  poft  town  in  Columbia  co. 
N.  Y^ork,  pleafantly  fituated  on  a  large 
plain,  about  2\  miles  E  of  Hudfon  city, 
near  a  creek  of  its  own  name.  It  contains 
about  6s  houfes,  a  Dutch  church,  a  court 
houfe,  and  a  gaol.  l"he  townfliip  contains 
4414  inhabitants,  including  314  flaves. 

Clay  Ponds,  a  place  fo  called  on  Cape 
Cod,  Mafl'achufetts,  where  a  light  houfe 
was  ere^d,by  order  of  the  United  States, 
in  1797.  "  The  light  houfe  is  erecSled  on 
land  elevated  about  150  feet,  which  with 
the  elevation  of  the  lantern  makes  the 
whole  height  200  feet  above  high  water 
mai-k.  In  or^^er  that  this  Light  may  be 
diftinguiflied 


CtA 


CLE 


diftinguiJlied  from  the  Bofton  and  other 
Lights  on  this  coafl,  an  eclipfer  is  erecSted, 
which  will  revolve  around  the  lamps  once 
in  80  feconds,  fo  that  the  Light  will  be 
nearly  excluded  from  the  eye  of  the  ap- 
proaching manner  about  30  feconds,  in 
one  revolution  of  the  ecHpfe.  To  render 
the  benevolent  defigns  of  Congrefs  as  ex- 
tenlively  ufeful  as  pollible,  the  Marine 
Society  in  Bofton,  by  a  large  comirrittee 
from  their  body,  whofe  views  have  been 
feconded  by  others,  have  taken  fuch  dif- 
tances  and  bearings  as  they  thought  necef- 
fary  ;  which  obfervations  giving  light  and 
fafety,  are  added  for  the  benefit  of  all  in- 
terefted,  and  are  as  follow  :  VefTels  out- 
ward bound,  from  Bofton  light  houfe,  and 
would  widi  to  fall  in  with  Cape  Cod,  the 
courfe  is  E  S  E,difi:ance  15  leagues;  thence 
3  leagues  to  the  light  houfe.  When  up 
with  the  light  houfe,  arrd  it  bears  S  W  z 
leagues  diftance,  you  may  then  fteer  S  S  E, 
which  will  carry  you  out  of  the  S  chan- 
nel. Veffels  inward  bound  and  fait  in 
with  the  back  of  CapeCod, bring  the  Light 
to  bear  S  W  2  leagues  diftance  ;  then  you 
may  fteer  W  N  W  for  Boflon  light  houfe. 
If  3/^ouv/ouldwini  togo  into  Cape  Cod  har- 
bour, you  may  keep  the  fliore  aboard 
about  a  mile  diflant,  where  you  v/ill  ha\^e 
10  fathom  swater.  There  is  a  bar  lies  off" 
the  back  of  the  Cape,  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  fliore.  When  up  with  Race 
point,  which  is  very  bold,  and  about  3 
Jeagues  to  the  weftv/ard  of  the  light  houfe, 
and  may  be  known  by  a  number  of  fiOi 
jhoufes  on  it.  From-  i  to  3  miles  to  the 
fouthward  of  Race  point,  is  what  is  catkd 
Herring  Cove,  where  you  may  have  good 
anchoring  half  a  mile  from  the  fliore,  the 
wind  from  E  to  N  N  E  in  4  or  even  in  3 
fathom  water.  If  bound  into  Cape  Cod 
harbour,  your  courfe  from  Race  point  to 
Wood  end,  is  S  S  E  6  miles  diftance,  bring 
the  Light  to  bear  E  by  N,  and  run  for  it 
about  %  miles,  you  will  then  be  clear  of 
Wood  End  ;  then  you  muft  fteer  N  E  un- 
til the  Light  bears  E  by  S  ;  then  run  N  W 
for  the  harbour,  until  you  have  from  4 
to  3^-  fathom  water,  where  you  have  good 
anchoring  ;  the  Light  then  will  bear  P2  by 
S  I S  5  or  6  miles  diftance.  In  running 
from  the  Race  point  to  Wood  End,  after 
you  pafs  the  Black  I^and  or  Hummucks, 
you  will  come  up  with  a  low  fandv  beach, 
!  which  form.s  the  harbour,  extending  be- 

tween 2  and  3  miles  to  Wood  End,  which 
is  dilTicult  to  be  diftinguiflied  in  the  night, 
it  is  very  bold  you  will  have  25  fathom 
water  within  half  a  mile  of  the  £hore.     la 


beating  into  Cape  Cod  harbour,  you  muftf 
keep  the  eafteni  fhore  aboard,  until  yoa 
get  into  5  fathom  water.  Stand  no  fur- 
ther to  the  weftv/ard  than  to  bi-ing  the 
Light  to  bear  E  by  S,  as  there  is  a  long 
fpit  of  fand  runs  off  from  th^  weftern 
fliore  which  being  very  boId,youwill  have 
II  fathom  water  witJiln  a  ftone's  throw  of 
fliore.  In  cafe  it  blows  fo  hard  that  you 
cannot  beat  in  the  harbour,  you  will  have 
good  anchoring  without,  from  10  to  15 
fathom  water.  VeiTels  in  Bofton  bay,  and 
would  wifli  to  put  away  for  Cape  Cod 
harbour,  muft  endeavour  to  fall  in  with 
tlie  Race.  If  in  the  night,  aixl  you  can- 
not fee  the  land,  you  muft  bring  the  Light 
to  bear  E  by  N,  and  run  for  it  until  yoU 
have  foundings  in  14  or  15  fathom  water; 
then  fteer  N  E  until  the  Light  bears  E  by 
S,  then  run  in  N  W  for  the  harbour.  At 
full  and  change  it  is  high  water  off  Race 
point  at  10  o'clock  and  4  ?  minutes.  Vef- 
fels in  leaving  Cape  Cod,  bound  to  Bofton, 
fliould  calculate  the  tide,  as  the  flood  feti 
ftrongtotheS  W. 

Clear  Water  Creeh,  rifes  among  the 
fouthern  branches  of  Dick  River,  and 
empties  into  the  Teneffee  on  the  N  fide,  i 
mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  Occachappo. 

Clerk's  Ips,  lie  S  W^  from,  and  at  the  en- 
trance of  Behring's  ftraits,  which  feparate 
Afia  from  America.  They  rather  belong 
to  Afia,  being  very  near,  and  S  S  W  front 
the  head  land  which  lies  between  the ' 
ftraits  and  the  gulf  of  Anadir,  in  Afia. 
They  have  their  name  in  honor  of  that 
able  navigator,  Capt.  Clerk,  the  compan- 
ion of  Capt.  Cook.  In  other  maps  they 
are  called  St.  Andrea  Ifles. 

Clermont^  a  CO.  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio. 

Clermont^  a  poft  town  in  Columbia  c©. 
N.  York,  6  miles  from  Red  hook,  15  from 
Hudfon,  and  117  miles  N  of  N.  York.  The 
townfliip  contains  1142  inhabitants. 

Clcrmcnt,  a  village  1 3  miles  from  Cam- 
den, S.  Carolina.  In  the  late  war,  here 
was  a  block  houfe  encompaffed  by  an  ab- 
batis.  It  was  taken  from  col.  Rugely,  of 
the  Brltifli  militia,  in  Dec.  1 781,  by  an  in- 
genious ftratagem  of  lieut.  col.  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Cleveland,  a  town  in  Trumbull  co.  ftate 
of  Ohio,  fituated  on  lake  Erie  at  the  mouth 
of  Cuyahoga,  on  the  E  fide,  60  miles  N  W 
Youngftown,  and  125  N  W  Pittftjurgh 
This  town  has  been  regularly  laid  out,  and 
will  probably  foon  become  a  place  of  im- 
portance, as  the  Cuyahoga  willfurnifli  the  ' 
eafieft  communication  between  lake  Erie 
and  the  Ohio.     With  little  expenfe  a  Hife 

harbour 


GLl 


CO^ 


hftrbour  may  be  formed  .it  this  town,  for 
Veflcls  and  boats  which  trade  on  the  lake. 
The  difficulty  is  a  bar  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  which  varies  frequently.  In 
the  compacfl  part  of  the  town  there  were 
in  1802,  10  or  iz  houfes  ;  and  in  the 
whole  town  about  200  inhabitants. 

Clie,  Lake  /-?,  in  U.  Canada,  about  38 
miles  long,  and  30  broad  ;  its  waters  com- 
municate with  thofe  of  Lake  Huron. 

Clinch  Mountain,  divides  the  waters  of 
Holfton  and  Clinch  rivers,  in  the  ftate  of 
TcnefTee.  In  this  mountain,  Burk's  Gar- 
den, and  Morris's  Nob,  might  be  defcrib- 
cd  as  curiofities. 

CUnchy  or  PeUfon,  a  branch  of  TenefTee 
R.  It  riles  in  Virginia, navigable  for  boats 
5O0  miles,  and  after  it  enters  the  ftate  of 
TenefTee,  receives  Powel's,  and  Poplar's 
creek,  and  Emery's  river,  belide  other 
ftreams.  The  courfe  of  the  Clinch  is  S 
W  and  S  W  by  W.  Its  mouth,  150  yards 
wide,  lies  2,5  miles  below  Knoxville,  and 
60  above    the  mouth   of   the    Hiwaffee. 

Clinton,  the  moft  northern  county  of  the 
ftate  of  N.  York,  is  bounded  N  by  Cana- 
da, E  by  the  deepeft  waters  of  lake  Cham- 
plam,  which  line  feparaces  it  from  Ver- 
mont ;  and  S  by  the  Great  Sables  river. 
In  this  county,  and  Elfex,  which  was 
formed  from  the  S  part  of  Clinton  co.  in 
Feb.  1799,  are  83  14  fouls.  In  1790  there 
were  but  1614.  A  great  proportion  of 
the  lands  in  thefe  counties  are  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality,  and  produce  abundance 
of  the  various  kinds  of  grain  cultivated 
in  other  parts  of  the  ftate.  The  people 
manufa(Slure  earthen  ware,  pot  and  pearl 
aflies,  in  large  quantities,  which  they  ex- 
port to  N.  York  or  Qnebec.  Their  wool 
IS  excellent  ;  their  beef  and  pork  fecond 
to  none  ;  and  the  price  of  ftall  fed  beef  in 
Montreal,  60  miles  from  Platfburgh,  is 
fuch  as  to  encourage  the  farmers  to  drive 
their  cattle  to  that  market.  Their  forefts 
fnpply  them  with  fugar  and  molafles,  and 
the  foil  is  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of 
hemp.  The  land  carriage  from  iny  part 
of  the  country,  in  tranfporting  their  pro- 
duce to  N.  York,  does  not  exceed  1 8  miles. 
The  carrying  place  at  Ticonderoga  is  i^- 
miles  ;  and  from  Fort  George,  at  the  S  end 
of  the  lake  of  that  name,  to  Fort  Edward, 
19  but  14  miles.  The  fmal!  obftrndlions 
after  that  are  to  be  removed  by  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  northern  canal.  From  this 
country  to  Quebec,  are  annually  fent  large 
rafts  ;  the  rapids  at  St.  John's  and  Cham- 
blee,  being  the  only  interruptions  in  the 
oavigation,  and  thoie  not  fo  ^jreat,  but  that 


at  fome  feafons,  batteaux  with  60  biiflieli 
of  fait  can  afcend  them.  Salt  is  fold  here 
at  half  a  dollar  a  buflicl.  Saranac,  Sable, 
and  Bouquet  rivers  water  Clinton  co. 
The  iirft  is  remarkable  for  the  quantity 
of  falmon  it  produces. 

Clinton,  a  port  town  in  Dutchefs  co.  N. 
York,  above  Poughkeeplie.  It  is  large 
and  thriving,  and  contains  5208  inhab- 
itants. 

Clinton,  a  town  in  the  S  E  corner  of 
Chenengo  co.  N.  York,  on  Sufquehanna 
river  and  in  the  townfliip  of  Jericho. 

Clinton,  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  Maine, 
27  miles  from  Hallowell.     See  Hancock. 

Clinton,  parifli  in  the  townfliip  of  Paris, 
7  miles  from  Whiteftown,  is  a  wealthv, 
pleafant,  flourifliing  fettlement,  contain- 
ing feveral  handfome  houfes,  a  newly 
ere<Sted  Prefbyterian  meeting  houfe,  a 
convenient  fchool  houfe,  and  an  academy 
delightfully  fituated.  Between  this  fet- 
tlement and  the  Indian  fettlements  at 
Oneida,  a  diftanee  of  12  miles,  (in  June^ 
1796)  was  wlldernefs,  without  any  inhab- 
itants, excepting  a  few  Indians  of  the  old 
Oneida  village. 

Clinton  s  Harbour,  on  the  N  W  COaft  of 
N.  America,  has  its  entrance  in  N  lat.  52 
12,  W  Ion.  136.  Capt.  Gray  named  ic 
after  Gov.  Clinton  of  N.York. 

Clifinos,  a  fierce  nation  of  Indians  whoi 
inhabit  round  Hadfon  bay.  See  Neiv 
Britain. 

Clojler,  a  village  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jcrfey, 
7  miles  S  E  of  Peramus,  and  i6  N  of  N. 
York  city. 

Clyoquot,  a  found  or  bay  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  America,  wefterley  from  Berkley's 
Sound.      See  Hancock's  Harbour. 

Coatzacualeo,  a  navigable  river  of  New 
Spain,  which  empties  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  near  the  country  of  Onohualco. 

Cobcljhill,  or  Coh:!jkill,  a  town  in  Scho- 
harie CO.  N.  York,  on  Cobus  creek,  con- 
tains 1765  inhabitants.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated m  T797. 

Cobbeft;conte,h  a  fmall,  crooVed  river,  in 
Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  the  N  branch  of 
wliich  rifes  from  Cobbefecoute  Ponds, 
which  lie  chiefly  in  the  town  of  Winthrop ; 
the  fouthern  branch  fprings  from  ponds 
in  and  near  Bowdoin  and  Bowdoinham  ; 
thefe  branches  unite  in  Pittftown,  and 
running  E  N  E,  fall  Into  the  Kennebeck 
near  the  divifional  line  between  Pittftowa 
and  Hallowell.  At  the  mouth  of  this  river 
are  extenfivc  flats,  and  a  mile  from  its 
mouth  are  falls  on  which  mills  are  ereAed. 

Cobc^uit,  or  CuhhcjlerR.  m  Nova  Scotia, 

rife* 


GO  It 


COH 


•"ifes  within  20  miles  of  Tatamogeuchc, 
on  the  N  E  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia  ;  from 
thence  it  runs  foutherly,  then  S  W  and 
W  into  the  E  end  of  the  Bafin  of  Pviinas. 
At  its  mouth  there  is  a  fliort  bank,  but 
there  is  a  good  channel  on  each  lidc, 
%'.'liich  velTcls  of  60  tons  burden  may  pafs, 
and  go  40  miles  up  the  river.  There  are 
Ibme  Icatiered  fettleiuents  on  its  banks. 

CoLffey,  in  IVIainc.     Sec  PHtJlon. 

Cok':z:t,  or  Cubija,  an  obl'cure  port  and 
village  in  the  audience  of  Los  Ciiarcos, 
in  Peru,  S.  America.  The  place  is  inhab- 
ited by  about  50  Indian  families,  and  is 
the  mod:  barren  fpot  on  the  coaft.  This 
is,  however,  the  nearcfl:  port  to  Lipes, 
where  there  ai'c  filver  mines,  and  alfo  to 
Potoli,  which  is  yet  above  100  leagues 
diftant,  and  that  through  a  defert  counlry. 
,  Cobbam,  a  fmall  town  in  Virginia,  on  the 
S  bank  of  James  R.  oppolite  Jameftown, 
8  or  9  miles  S  W  of  Williamfbarg. 

Cohham  IJle,  mentioned  by  Capt.  Mid- 
clleton,  in  the  journal  of  his  voyage  for 
finding  a  N  E  palTage.  Its  two  extremi- 
ties bear  N  by  E,  and  E  by  N,  in  N  lat.  63, 
E  Ion.  from  Churchill,  3  40,  which  he 
takes  to  be  the  Brook  CaoLam  of  Fox. 

Cobujkill.     See  CahclJhilL 

Cocalico,  a  townfliip  in  I>ancafl:er  co. 
•Pennfylvania.     It' has  3567  inhabitants. 

Cocheco,  a  N  W  branch  of  Pifcataqua 
R.  in  N.  Hampfliire.  It  rifes  in  the  Blue 
Hills  in  Strafford  co  and  its  mouth  is  5 
miles  above  Hilton's,  Point.   See  Fifcataqua. 

Cochahamha^  a  province  and  jurifdidlion 
in  Peru,  50  leagues  from  Plata,  and  56 
from  Potoli,  Its  capital  of  the  lame  name 
is  one  of  the  richeft,  largeft,  and  mod 
populous  in  Peru,  as  it  is  the  granary  of 
the  archbiflioprick  of  Plata  ;  and  in  fome 
fpots  illver  mines  have  been  difcovercd. 

CochrauJ-jille,  a  poft  town  of  Chefter  co. 
Penniylvania,i37  miles  from  Walhington. 

Cockburnc^  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
pare  of  N.  Hampfiiire,  Grafton  co.  on  the 
E  bank  of  Conncaicut  R.  S  of  Cole- 
fa  rooke. 

Cocke,  a  co  of  Hamilton  diftrtdl,  Tcn- 
efiec.  With  JctFcrfon  co.  it  contains  901 7 
inhabitants,  695  of  whom  are  Haves. 

Cochfahie,      See  Coxahie. 

Cad.  See  Cape  Cud^  Jdarafuihle  Co.  and 
jProvincfto''jun. 

CcJoiiSy  a  townlliip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania.    It  has  1634  iiihaliitants. 

Coeymans,  a  towndiip  in  Albany  co,  N. 
York,  I  a  miles  below  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 3090  inhabitants. 

£oljgiiaiva^u,  a  paridi  in  the  tQwijiliip 

V0£,.     I.  Q 


of  Johnfiown,  Montgomery  co.  N.  York 
on  the  W  lide  of  Mohawk  R.  36  miles  \V 
of  Schene(5lady.  Tliis  place,  which  had 
been  fettled  nearly  80  years,  and  which, 
was  the  ft  at  of  Sir  William  Johnfon,  was. 
inoftly  deftroyed  by  the  Britifli  and  In- 
dians, under  the  command  of  Sir  Wiilian, 
in  the  year  1780.  In  this  aiilion,  John- 
fon evinced  a  want  of  feeling  which  would 
have  difgraccd  a  favage.  The  people 
dertroyed  in  this  expedition,  were  his  old 
neighbours,  with  v.hom  he  had  formerly 
lived  in  the  habits  of  fiicndlliip.  His 
eftate  was  among  them,  and  the  inhabit- 
ants had  always  coniidered  him  as  their 
friend  and  neighbour.  Thefe  unfortunate 
people,  after  feeing  their  houfes  and  prop- 
erty confumed  to  allies,  were  hurried, 
fuch  as  could  walk,  into  cruel  captivity  ; 
thofe  Avho  could  not  walk,  fell  vicflims  to 
the  tomahawk  and  fcalping  knife.  See 
Caghnatuaga. 

Cohan:zy,  or  Cafaria,  a  fmall  river  which 
rifes  in  Salem  co.  N.  Jerfey,and  running 
through  Cumberland  co  empties  into 
Dela.vvare  R.  oppolite  the  upper  end  of 
Bombay  Hook.  It  is  about  30  miles  in 
length,  and  is  navigable  for  velfcls  of  100 
tons  to  Bridgetown,  20  miles  from  its 
mouth. 

Cohajfd,  a  pofl:  town  In  Norfolk  co. 
MaiTachufetts,  which  was  Incoiporated 
in  1770,  and  contains  849  inhabitants. 
It  has  a  congregational  church,  and  126 
houfes,  fcattertd  on  ditFcrent  farms.  Co- 
haiTet  rocks,  which  have  been  fo  fatal  to 
many  vefTels,  lie  oiF  this  town,  about  a 
league  from  the  fliore.  The  inhabitants 
are  honoured  for  their  remarkable  kird- 
npfs  to  ilnpwrccked  feamen.  It  lies  25 
miles  S  E  of  Bofton  ;  but  in  a  Itraight 
line  not  above  half  the  diftance. 

Co/jwz,  or  the  FAh  in  Mohawk  R.  be- 
tween 2  and  3  miles  fiom  its  mouth,  and 
10  miles  northward  of  Albany,  are  a  very 
great  natural  curiofity.  The  river  above 
the  falls,  is  about  300  yards  wide,  and 
approacljesthem  from  tlie  N  W  in  a  rapid 
current,  between  high  banks  on  each  fide, 
and  pours  the  whole  body  of  its  water 
over  a  perpendicular  rock  of  about  43 
(fome  fay  more)  feet  in  height,  which 
extends,  quite  acrofs  the  ri^  cr,  like  a  mill 
dam.  The  banks  of  the  river,  immedi- 
ately below  rlic  falls,  are  about  roo  feet 
high.  A'bridg,e  iioo  feet  long,  and  24. 
feet  wide,  rtfting  on  13  piers,  was  erected 
at  tlie  expcnfe  of  12,000  dollars,  in  1794, 
a  mile  below  the  falls,  from  which  a  fpec-\ 
rator  may  have  a  grand  vie\v   of  thein  : 

bui 


COL 


COL 


^ut  they  appear  moft  roTnant'caHy  from 
Lanfinburgh  hiil,  5  miles  E  of  them. 

Cohonaoronto,  is  the  name  of  Potowmack 
R.  before  it  breaks  tliroO^li  tlie  Blue 
Ridge,  in  N  lat.  39  45.  Its  whnle  length 
to  theT3lue  Riclge,may  be  about  160  miles; 
from  thence  it  aflumes  the  name  of  Po- 
i'vxvmjci,  v.'hich  Ccc. 

Cobuixcas,  a  country  in  New  Spain,  in 
which  there  h  a  conficlcrable  motintain 
of  loadfbone,  between  Tcoilcylan  and  Chi- 
lapnn. 

Cohtfaury  College^  \n  the  town  of  Abfng- 
ton,  in  Hartford  co.  Maryland. 

C'jLtr.^  a  fmrill  Indian  town,  fituatcd  near 
♦he  South  Sea,  3  or  .s  leagues  to  the  north- 
ward of  Payta,  inhahited  by  fifliermen. 
Here  they  make  large  rafts  of  log-*,  which 
will  carry  60  or  70  tong  of  goods^;  with 
thefe  they  make  long  voyages,  even  to 
Panama,  5  or  600  leagues  diftant.  They 
have  a  maft  with  a  fail  faftcned  to  it. 
They  always  go  l^eforc  the  wind,  being 
wnablc  to  ply  againfl  it;  and  therefore 
only  fit  for  thefe  feas,  where  the  wind  is 
always  in  a  manner  the  fame,  not  varying 
above  a  point  or  two  all  the  way  from. 
Lima,  til!  they  come  into  the  bay  of  Pan- 
ama ;  and  there  they  mufl:  fometimes  wait 
for  a  change.  Their  cargo  is  uftally 
wine,  oil,  fugar,  Quito  cloth,  foap,  and' 
dreffed  goat  fkins.  The  float  is  ufaally 
navigated  by  3  or  4  men,  who  fell  their 
float  where  they  dilpofc  of  their  cargo  ; 
and  return  as  paffengcrs  to  thsport  they 
camc  from.  The  Indians  go  out  at  night 
by  the  help  of  the  land  wind,  with  fitl^ing 
boats,  more  nianageabte  than  the  others, 
though  thefe  have  inafts  and  fails  too,  and 
return  again  in  the  day  time  with  the  fea 
wind. 

Cokhfjifr^  a  town  fill  p  in  Delaware  co. 
N.  York,  on  the  Popn^hton  branch  of 
I])ela^vare  river,  S  Wof  Middletown  ;  and 
about  50  miles  S  W  by  S  of  Cooperftovvn. 
It  contains  1207  inhabitant'. 

Cr>Ichrf'7\  a  nofl  town  in  New  London 
CO.  Connedlicut,  fettled  in  1 701  ;  about 
15  miles  weftward  of  Norwich,  25  SE  of 
Hartford,  and  10  N  W  of  New  London 
city. 

Coktjrjhr,  the  chief  town  in  Chittenden 
CO,  Vermont,  is  on  the  E  bank  of  lake 
Champlain,  at  the  mouth  of  Onion  river, 
and  N  of  Burlington,  on  Colchcfter  bay, 
which  fpreads  N  of  the  town. 

Co'ihf/}er,  a  port  town  in  Fairfax  ro.  Vir- 
ginia, fituated  on  the  N  E  bank  of  Ocqno- 
quam  creek,  3  or  4  miles  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Potowmack;  and   is   here 


about  ICO  yards  wide,  and  navigable  fo? 
■■'oats.  It  contains  abo  t  40  houfes,  and 
lies  16  miles  S  W  of  Alexandria,  106  N 
l^y  E  of  Richmond,  and  17Z  from  Phila- 
delphia. 

Colchcjler  Toivufiip,  in  the  CO.  of  EiTex, 
U.  Canada,  is  fituated  upon  lake  Erie,  and 
lies  between  Maiden  and  Gosfield. 

CoLheJicr  R,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Coheqmt. 

CnlJ Brook,  a  fmall  flream  about  lo  miles 
long,  which  rifes  in  a  pond  of  looo  acres,, 
and  falls  into  PafTadunkeag,  in  townlhip 
No.  I,  about  2  miles  before  its  confluence 
with  Penobfcot,  on  the  E  fide. 

Cold Sprinrr,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is 
a  villa,  6  miles  from  the  highlands  of  Li- 
guania.  The  grounds  aie  in  a  high  ftate 
of  improvement.  Cold  Spring  is  42CO 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  fea;  and  few 
or  none  of  the  tropical  fruits  will  flourifli 
in  fo'  cold  a  climate^  The  general  ftatc 
of  the  thermometer  is  from  55  to  65  ;  and 
even  fometimes  fo  lovv^  as  44  ,  fo  that  a 
fire  there,  even- at  noon  day,  is  not  only 
comfortable,  but  neceflary  a  great  part  of 
the  year.  Many  of  the  Englifh  fruits,  as 
the  apple,  the  peach,  and  the  flrawberry, 
flourifli  there  in  great  p<'rfe6lion,  with 
feveral  other  valuable  exotics,  as  the  tea 
tree  and  other  oriental,  protb.)6>ions. 

Gold  Sfnincr  Coi'e,  near  Burlington,  N. 
Jerfey,  is  remarkable  for  its  fand  and  clay, 
ufcd  in  the  manufafture  of  glafs  ;  from 
whence  the  glafs  works  a^  Flamilton,  10. 
miles  W  of  Albany,  are  fupplied  with 
thefe  articles. 

Colcorooh,  in  the  northern  part  of  N.. 
Hampiliire,  in  Grafton  co.  lies  on  the  E 
bank  of  ConnciEVicut  R.  oppofite  the  Great 
Monadnock.in  Canaan,  ftate  of  Vermont ; 
joining  Cockburne  on  the  font hward,  and 
Stnartflown  on  the  northward  ;  126  miles. 
N  W  bv  N  from  Portfmouth. 

Colehrookc,  a  rough,  hil'y  townfliip,  on 
the  N  line  of  Connedti'-ut,  in  Litchfield 
CO.  30  miles  N  W  of  Hartford  city,  ft 
was  fettled  in  1756.  Here  arc  Z  iron 
works  and  feveral  mil's,  on  Still  R.  a  N 
W  v.-ater  of  Farmington  R  In  digging  a 
cellar  in  this  town,  at  the  clofe  of  the 
year  1796,  belonging  to  Mr  John  Hul- 
burt,  the  workmen,  at  the  depth  of  about 
9  or  TO  feet,  found  three  large  tufks  and 
two  thigh  bones  of  an  animal,  the  latter 
of  which  meafured  each  about  4  feet  4 
inches  in  length,  and  12^-  inches  in  cir- 
cumference. When  firft  difcm'ered  th(y 
werr  entire,  but  as  foon  as  they  were  cx- 
pofed  to  the  air  they  mouldered  to  dufl. 
j  his   add?   anorher   to  the  many   f*6ls, 

which. 


COL 


C:oL 


which  prove  that  a  race  of  enormous 
animals,  now  extin(£t,  once  inhabited  the 
United  States. 


Cole 


a  townfhip   in  Lancafter  co. 


Penniyivania.     It  has  77a  inhabitants. 

ColJrain,  a  poft  town,  Bcitit  co  N.Car- 
olina, 170  miles  from  VVailungton. 

Colcrai/j,  a  town  on  tiie  N  bank  of  5t. 
Mary's  R.  Camden  co.  Georgia,  40  or  50 
miles  from  its  mouth.  On  the  29th  of 
June,  1796,  a  treaty  of  peace  and  frlend- 
il;ip  was  made  ^nd  concluded  at  this 
place,  between  tiie  PrtfidLnt  of  the  United 
States,  on  the  one  part,  in  behalf  of  the 
United  States,  and  the  king's  chiefs  and 
warriors  of  the  Creek  nation  of  Indians, 
on  the  other.  By  this  treaty,  the  line 
between  the  white  people  and  the  hidians, 
was  elbbliflicd  to  run  "  from  the  Carra- 
hee  mountain  to  the  head  or  iource  of  the 
main  S  branch  of  the  Oconee  R.  called 
by  the  white  people,  Appalatohee,  and  by 
the  Indians,  Tuiapoeka,  and  down  the 
xniddle  of  the  fame."  Liberty  was  alfo 
;given  by  the  Indians  to  the  Prefident  of 
the  United  States,  to  "  eftablilli  a  trading 
or  military  poft  on  the  S  fide  of  Alatama- 
ha,  nbout  l  mile  above  Beard's  bluff,  or 
any  where  from  thence  down  the  river, 
on  the  lands  of  the  hsdians  ;"  and  the  hi- 
diins  agreed  to  *'  annex  to  laid  poft  a  trad: 
of  land  of  J  miles  fquare  ;"  and  in  return 
tor  this,  and  other  tokens  of  friendlhip  on 
the  part  of  the  Indians,  the  United  States 
flipuiated  to  give  them  goods  to  the  value 
of  6000  dollars,  and  to  furniilx  them  with 
two  blackfmiths  with  tools, 

CJcfvilL',  a  poft  town  of  Dinwiddic  co. 
Virginia,  15a  miles  from  Wailiington. 

Cola  Creci,  a  fmall  ftream  in  JetTcrfon 
CO.  MilTifippi  Territory. 

Ci///7/;a7,a  large  and  rich  town  of  Mccho- 
acan  and  New  Spain,  on  the  South  Sea, 
near  the  Ixirders  of  Xalifca,  and  in  the 
moft  pleafaiit  and  fruitful  valley  in  all 
Mexico,  producing  cocoa,  calTia,  and  other 
things  of  value,  befide  foinc  gold.  Dam- 
pier  takes  notice  of  a  volcano  near  it, 
with  two  lliarp  peaks,  from  which  fmoke 
and  flame  iilue  continually.  The  famous 
plant  oleacazan  grows  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, which  is  reckoned  a  cathohcon  for 
reftoring  decayed  ftrengtli,  and  a  fpecilic 
againll:  all  forts  of  polfon.  The  natives 
apply  the  leaves  to  the  parts  affeClcd,  and 
judge  of  the  fuccefs  of  the  operation  by 
their  fticking  or  falling  off. 

Collctorty  a  uiftrivSl  of  S.  Carolina,  contain- 
ing 24,903  inhabitants,  of  whom  20,471 
arc  flares.     Jackfoaburf^li  is  the  capital. 


IJ       Colrsias,  a  town  in  Hampflaire  co.  Wat- 

ij  fachufetts,  32  miles  N  W  of  Northampton^ 

'  on  the  Vermont  line,  has  2014  inhabitants. 

Co!u}nLia,  a  poft  town  in  Washington  co. 

I  Maine,  on  Pleafant  R.  adjoining  Machias 

1;  on  the  N  K,  and  was  formerly  called  Plan 

il  tations  No.  12  and  13.     !t  was  incorpo- 

rated  in  1796.     The  town  of  Machias  lies 

-15  miles  to  the  eaftward.     It  is  9  miles 

from  Steuben.     It  has  ^^^  inliabitants. 

Columbia  Co.  in  N.  York,  is  bounded  N 
by  Renffelaer,  S  by  Dutchefs,  E  by  the 
ftate  of  Maffachufctts,  and  W  by  Hudfoii 
R,  which  divides  it  horn  Green  co.  It 
is  32  miles  in  length,  and  21  in  breadth, 
and  is  divided  into  8  towns  ;  of  which 
Hudfon,  Claverack,  and  Kinderhook  are 
the  chief.  It  contains  ,73,322  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1471  are  flavcs. 

Columbia  College.      See  A'v*;  Tori  city. 
Columbia.,  Territcr's  of^  contains  8 1 44  in* 
habitants,  6072  of  whom  are  flavcs.     Sec 
If^ajhingtonf  City  of. 
i|        ColuK'ibia,   a    poft  town,  the   capital  of 
{  Richland  co.  and  the  feat  of  government 
;|  of  S,  Carolina.     It  is  fituatcd  on  the  E  fide 
\\  of  the  Congaree,  juft  below  the  conflucjncc 
I  of  Saluda  and   Broad  rivers.     The  ftrcets 
']  are  regular,  and  the  town  contains  80  or 
1!  100  houfes.     The  public  oftlces  have,  in 
j  fome  mcalure,  been  divided,  for  the  ac- 
•\  eommodatiou  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
;j  lower  counties,  and  a  branch  of  each  re- 
il  tained  in  Charlefton.     The  South  Caro- 
'   lina  College   is   cftabliflied   in  this  town, 
i   and    was    incorporated    in    i8cX.      The 
buildings  are  in  forwardnefji.     The  funi 
of  50,000  dollars  was  appropriated  nithc 
act  of  incorporation   for  the  erecflion  of 
the  neceffary  edifices,  and  an  annual  fum 
of  6000  dollars  for  the  fupport  of  the  fac- 
ulty of  the  college.     Further  donations 
have  been  made  by  the  kgiflature  of  the 
ftate.     It  lies  r  15  miles  N  N  W  of  Charlef- 
ton,  35  S  W  of  Camden.  85  from  Augufta, 
in  Georgia,  and  678  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  34  I,  W  Ion.  80  5  7. 

Columbia,  a  flourifning  poft  towfl  la 
Goochland  co.  Virginia,  on  the  N  fide  of 
James  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rivanna. 
It  contains  about  40  lioufes,  and  a  vvare- 
houfe  for  the  infpedion  of  tobacco.  It 
lies  45  miles  above  Richmond,  35  from 
Chariottefviile,  and  328  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Columbia,  a  poft  town  in  Lancafter  c». 
Pcnnfy!vaaia,on  the  N  E  bank  of  Sufquc- 
hanna  river,  at  Wrii^ht';;  ferry  ;  10  milei* 
W  of  Lancafter,  and  76  W  by  N  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Calunbitf 


CON 


GON 


Cohimhia  Co.  in  the  upper  didrlct  of 
Georgia,  is  bounded  by  Savannah  R.  on 
the  'N  E  and  E,  which  feparates  it  from 
the  ftate  of  S.  Carolina,  N  W  of  Richmond 
CO.  Its  fliape  is  very  irregular.  It  is 
watered  by  Great  Kioka  creek  and  fev- 
eral  other  flreams.  It  is  divided  into  ii 
towns,  and  contains  8345  inhabitanls,  of 
whom  3008  are  flaves.  At  the  court 
houfc  is  a  pofl:  office. 

Columbia,  a  large  river  of  tlie  N  W  coafl 
of  N.  America.  It  enters  the  Pacific 
ocean  lat.  46  18  N,  Ion.  236  34  W.  It  is 
Iialf  a  mile  wide  22  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  has  been  afcended  in  boats  more  than 
80  miles.  .  Vancoiiiicr. 

Cohimb'ui,  a  town  in  the  fhite  of  Ohif>, 
on  the  N  bank  of  Ohio  R.  and  on  the  W 
iue  of  the  mouth  of  Little  Miami  R.  about 
o  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Fort  Wafliington,  8  E 
by  S  of  Cincinnati,  and  87  N  by  Vv^  of 
I^exlngton,  in  Kentucky.     N  lat.  39  ao. 

Columbiana.  ?i  CO.  in  the  flatc  of  Ohio. 

Comanay  a  town  and  province  in  the 
northern  divifion  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  A- 
jnerica.  It  lies  on  the  N  eaflernmoll:  part 
of  the  fca  coafl. 

Comargo,  a  town  of  New  Leon,  in  N. 
America,  fituatcd  on  the  S  fide  of  Rio 
Bravo,  which  empties  into  the  gulf  of 
Mexico  on  the  W  fide. 

Comhahee,  a  confiderable  river  of  S.  Car- 
olina, which  enters  St.  Helena  found  be- 
tween Coofa  and  Afliepoo  rivers. 

Combahee  Ferry,  on  the  above  river,  is 
17  miles  from  Jackfonfborough,  15  from 
I'ocotaligo,  and  5a  from  Charleflon. 

Comfort,  Point,  is  the  S  eafternmon:  part 
of  Elizabeth  city  co.  in  Virginia,  formed 
by  James  R.  at  its  mouth,  in  Chefapeak 
bay.  Point  Comfort  lies  19  miles  W  by 
K  of  Cape  Henry. 

CommfHiors,  one  of  the  fmail  Virgin  iHes 
in  the  W.  Indies,  fituated  to  the  N  N  E  of 
Tortula.     N  lat.  18  25,  W  Ion.  63. 

Co}?:pcJ}clla,  a  very  rich  town  in  New 
Spain,  and  province  of  Xalifco,  built  in 
1531,  fituatcd  near  the  South  Sea,  400 
miles  N  W  of  Mexico.  The  foil  is  iiar- 
rcn  and  the  air  unhealthful  ;  but  it  has 
fcveral  mines  of  (liver  at  St.  Pecaqne,  in 
its  neighbourhood.  N  lat.  ai  20,  W  Ion. 
100  42.      See  Culi.i'an. 

Corrptofiy' a  flourilning  townfliip  in  L. 
Canada,  on  a  fouthtrn  branch  of  the  river 
St.  Francis,  S  of  Afoot,  adjoipin<;,  and  has 
390  inliabitants,  chiefly  from  N.  En'dand. 

Conajobayy,  a  pod  town,  on  tl'.e  S  fidf  o! 
Mohawk  river,  N.  York,  36  miles  above 
ScheuctStady.      See  Cattnjohary. 


ConatuangB,  a  northern  branch  of  AIfe«i>« 
ghany  river,  in  Pennfylvania,  which  rifes 
from  Chataughque  lake. 

Conception,  a  large  bay  on  the  E  fide  of 
Newfovuidland  I.  whofc  entrance  is  be- 
tween Cape  St.  Francis  on  the  fouthward, 
r.nd  Flamborough  head  on  the  northward, 
^t  runs  a  great  way  into  the  land  in  a 
fouthern  direcStion,  having  numerous  bays 
on  the  W  fide,  on  which  are  two  fettle - 
ments,  Carboniere  and  Havre  de  Grace. 
Settlements  were  made  here  in  1610,  by 
about  40  planters,  under  governor  John 
Guy,  to  whom  king  James  had  granted  a 
patent  of  incorporation. 

ConCiption  of  Salaya,  a  fmall  town  of  N. 
America,  in  the  province  of  Mcchoacan, 
in  Mexico  or  New  Spain,  was  built  by  the 
Spaniards,  as  well  as  the  ftations  of  St. 
Michael  and  St.  Philip,  to  fccure  the  road 
from  Mechoacan  to  the  filver  mines  of 
Zacatcca.  They  have  alio  given  this 
name  to  feveral  boroughs  of  America  ;  as 
to  that  in  Hifpaniola  iiland,  and  to  a  fea 
pore  of  California,  &c. 

Conception,  by  the  Indians  called  Pcmo^ 
a  city  in  Chili,  S.  America,  fituated  on  the 
edge  of  the  fea,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river, 
and  at  the  bottom  of  a  bay  of  its  own 
name.  It  lies  in  about  37  S  lat.  It  was 
fcveral  times  dcftroyed  by  the  powerful 
confederacy  of  the  Indians,  and  as  often 
repaired.  In  1751  it  was  deftroyed  by 
an  earthquake,  and  has  not,  fincc  that, 
been  rtbaiit.  It  is  Avithin  the  audience 
and  iurifdivElion  of  St.  J.::^go,  and  is  gov- 
erned by  a  correffidore.  The  Spanifli 
inhabitants  here,  are  the  moft  warlike  and 
hardy  of  any  in  S.  America  ;  they  are  all 
trained  to  arms  from  their  childhood,  to 
be  ready  to  refift  the  attack  of  the  Chilefe 
Indians,  whom  they  have  reafon  to  con- 
fider  a  formidable  enemy.  The  inhab- 
itants, and  even  the  women,  excel  in 
horfemaiifnip  ;  they  are  very  dexterous 
in  managing  the  lance  or  noofe  ,•  and  it 
is  very  rare  to  fee  them  mifs  their  aim, 
tliough  at  full  fpeed,  with  the  noofe,  which 
they  throw  40  or  50  yards,  and  fo  halter 
the  objecl  of  their  divcrfion  or  revenge. 
This  noofe  is  mwde  of  thongs  of  cow  hide  ; 
thefe  they  twifl:  with  oil,  till  rendered 
fupple  and  pliant  to  command  ;  and  fo 
ftrong  that,  when  twiflcd,  they  will,  it  is 
faid,  hold  a  wild  bnn,whicli  would  break 
a  halter  of  hemp  of  twice  the  thickncfs. 
The  foil  here  is  fruitful,  abounding 
with  corn  and  excellent  wine.  The  fruit; 
trees  bear  fo  luxuriently  here,  thqt  they 
".re  forced  to  thin  V.\z  fruit,  etherwifc  the 
brand)  fsi 


CON 


CON 


branches  would  break,  nor  could  the  fruit 
come  to  maturity.  This  city  has  a  church 
and  fix  very  famous  monafteries  ;  but  the 
dwelling  houfes  make  no  great  appear- 
ance. Here  the  women  go  out  in  the 
night  to  the  ihops,  to  buy  iuch  neceffaries 
«5  they  want  for  their  families,  it  being 
contrary  to  the  cuftom  of  this  country  for 
women  of  any  character,  to  go  abroad  in 
tlie  day  time  on  fuch  afhiirs.  It  is  an  open 
town  ;  and  the  few  batteries  it  has,  are 
kept  in  very  indifferent  order. 

Conchiicos,?.  jurifdidticn  in  Peru.  S.  Am.eri- 
ca, under  the  archbilhop  of  Lima;  it  begins 
40  leagues  N  N  E  of  the  metropolis,  and 
runs  along  the  center  of  the  Cordillera. 
It  produces  fruits,  grain,  &c.  and  anords 
cxtenfive  pafture  for  cattle  of  all  kinds. 
Several  branches  of  the  woollen  manufac- 
tory are  carried  on  here,  which  conftitute 
its  greatefl  commerce  with  the  other  prov- 
inces. 

Concord,  formerly  Gunthivait,  a  tov/nfhlp 
«f  Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfhire,  on  Amon- 
oofuck  river,  incorporated  1768.  It  has 
663  inhabitants. 

Concord,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Hampfhire, 
flourifliing,  and  pleafantly  fuuated  on  the 
W  bank  of  Merrimack  river,  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  8  miles  above  Hookfet  falls.  The 
legiflature,  of  late,  have  commonly  hekl 
their  feffions  here  ;  and  from  its  central 
fituation,  and  a  thriving  back  country,  it 
will  probably  become  the  permanent  feat 
of  government.  Much  of  the  trade  of 
tlie  upper  country  centers  here.  A  hand- 
fome  toll  liridge  acrofs  the  Merrimack, 
connects  this  town  with  Pembroke.  It  has 
205  a  inhabitants,  and  v/as  incorporated 
in  1765.  The  Indian  name  was  Penacook. 
It  was  granted  by  Maffachufetts,  and  call- 
ed Rumford.  The  compadl  part  of  the 
town  contains  about  1 70  houfes,  a  congre- 
gational church,  and  an  academy,  which 
■w-as  incorporated  in  1790.  It  is  5  f  miles 
W  N  W  of  Portimouth,  58  S  E  of  Darth- 
Hiouth  college,  and  70  northward  from 
Bofton.     N  lat.  43  i2,Wlon.  71  29. 

Concord,  in  EiTex  co.  Vermont,  lies  on 
ConnecTticnt  river,  oppofite  a  part  of  the 
15  mile  falls. 

Concord,  in  Maffachufetts,  a  pofl:  town, 
one  of  the  moft  conliderable  towns  in 
Middlefex  co.  fituated  on  Concord  river, 
in  a  healthy  and  pleafant  fpot,  nearly  in 
tlie  center  of  the  county,  and  18  miles  N 
W  of  Eofton,  and  1 7  E  of  Lancafter.  Its 
Itidian  name  was  Mufquetequid  ;  and  it 
owes  its  prefent  name  to  the  peaceable 
manner  in  which  it  was  obtaiii©d  fron:^  the 


natives.  The  firft  fettlers,  among  whom 
were  the  Rev.  MeHrs.  Buckley  and  Jones-, 
having  fettled  the  purchafe,  obtained  aa 
act  of  incorporation,  Sept.  3, 1635  ;  and 
this  was  the  moft  diftant  fettlement  from 
the  fea  fliore  of  New  England  at  that  time. 
The  fettlers  never  had  any  conteft  with 
the  Indians  ;  and  only  three  perfons  were 
ever  killed  by  them  within  the  limits  of 
the  town  The  inhabitants  are  1679  in 
"number.  For  13  years  previous  to  1791, 
the  average  number  of  deaths  was  17; 
one  in  four  of  whom  were  70  years  old 
and  upwards.  The  public  buildings  are, 
a  Congregational  church,  a  fpacious  ftone 
gaol,  and  a  handfome  county  court  houiis. 
The  town  isaccommodatedwiththrcecon- 
venient  bridges  over  the  river  ;  one  of 
which  is  208  feet  long,  and  18  feet  wide, 
fupported  by  12  piers,  built  after  the  man- 
ner of  Charles  river  bridge.  This  town 
is  famous  in  the  hiftory  of  the  revolution, 
having  been  the  feat  of  the  provincial 
congrefs  in  1774,  and  the  fpot  where  the 
firft  oppofition  was  made  to  tlie  Britllli 
j  troops,  on  the  memorable  19th  of  April, 
1775.  The  general  court  have  frequent- 
ly held  their  feffions  here  when  contagious 
difeafes  have  prevailed  in  the  capital.  N 
lat.  42  25. 

Concord,  a  fmall  river  of  Maffachufetts, 
formed  of  two  branches,  which  unite  near 
the  center  of  the  town  of  Concord, 
whence  it  takes  its  courfe  in  N  E  and  N 
direction  through  Bedford  and  Eillerics, 
and  empties  itfelf  into  Merrimack  R.  at 
Tewkfbury.  Concord  R.  is  remarkable 
for  the  gentlenefs  of  its  current,  which  is 
fcarcely  perceivable  by  the  eye.  At  low 
water  mark  it  is  from  100  to  200  feet  wide, 
and  from  3  to  12  feet  deep.  During 
floods.  Concord  R.  is  near  a  mile  ia 
breadth  ;  and  v/hen  viewed  from  the 
town  of  Concord,  makes  a  fine  appear- 
ance. The  Middlefex  canal  is  fupplied 
with  water  from  this  river. 

Concord,  a  poft  tovm  of  Su/Tex  co.  Del- 
aware, 159  miles  from  Walhington. 

Concord,  a  townfliip  in  Delaware  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  920  inhabitants. 

Concord,  a  fettlement  in  the  MiflifippI 
Territory,  on  the  E  bank  of  the  MiiTif'.ppi, 
about  a  m.ile  from  the  S  line  of  Tcnellcc, 
108  miles  N  from  the  mouth  of  Yazoo  R. 
and  218  below  the  Ohio.  N  lat.  .33  ^^$i 
W  Ion.  91  25. 

Condf,  Fort,  or  Mohile  city,  is  fitiir.tcd  oa 
the  W  fide  of  Mobile  bay,  in  W  Florida, 
aliout  40  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.     N  lat.  50  42,  V/  Ion.  87  57. 

Cor.dcccdot 


COK 


CON 


.  ^ondecedo,  a  cap6  or  promontory  of  N. 
America,  in  the  province  ot  Yucatan,  lOO 
3niles  W  of  JMerida.     N  lat.  20  50,  W  loa. 

Cmd^fuvoi  de  Argquipa,  a  jurifdlAlon 
tmder  the  bifliop  of  Arequipa.  30  leagues 
K  of  that  city,  ia  Peru.  Here  is  cuiivated 
the  wild  cochineal  ;  the  Indians  carry  on 
a  great  trade  with  this  article  ;  tli^y 
grind  it,  and  mix  four  ounces  of  it  with 
I  /  ounces  of  violetmaize,  of  which  they 
form  cakes  of  4  ounces  each,  and  fell  it 
ibi  a  dollar  a  pouad.  'I'hefe  cakes  they 
call  magnos.  Tliis  place  abounds  alfo 
with  gold  and  filver  mines,  which  are  not 
fo  carefuUy  worked  as  formerly. 

C,>/<;y/^6't^-,a  fettlement  in  Maine  .Hancock 
CO.  containing,  in  ijvo,  567  inhabitants. 

Conegocheague  Ceciy  riles  near  Mercerf- 
burg,  Franklin  co.  Pcnnfylvania,  runs 
ibutheriy  in  a  winding  courfe,  and  after 
fupplying  a  number  of  mills,  empties  into 
the  Poto\vmack;at  William  port,in  Waih- 
ington  CO.  Maryland  ;  19  miles  S  E  of 
Hancock,  and  8  miles  S  of  the  Pennfylva- 
jiia  line. 

Conemaug/j  River,  and  Little  Conemaugh, 
are  the  head  waters  of  Ililkenianitas,  in 
Pennfylvania  :  after  palnng  through  Lau- 
rel hill  and  Cliefnut  ridge,  Conemaugh 
takes  that  name  and  empti-es  into  the  Al- 
leghany, 29  miles  N  E  of  Pittfburg.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats,  and  there  is  a  portage 
of  1 8  miles  between  it  and  the  Frankftown 
bra  ich  of  Juniata  river. 

Condnies^  Las,  a  city  of  La  Plata  or  Par- 
aguay, in  S.  America,  in  the  dioccfe  of 
Buenos  Ayres. 

ConpJ}eo,  a  N  weflern  branch  of  Tioga  R. 
in  N.  York.      See  Canlcodeo  Creek, 

Conejicjga,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  1271  Inhabitants. 

Con'eftis^  a  fmall  kke  in  the  GenefTee 
country,  N.  Y(>rk,  which  fends  its  waters 
N  W  to  Genefi'ee  river. 

Cougar ee,  a  confidcrablc  river  of  S.  Caro- 
b'na,  formed  by  the  confluence  of  Saluda 
and  Broad  rivers.  The  union  of  the  wa- 
ters of  Congare  and  Wateree,  form  the 
Santee. 

Co/ihocloit  Creel:,  in  N.  York,  is  the  north- 
ern head  water  of  Tioga  R^  Near  its 
mouth  is  the  town  of  Bath. 

Connecllcui,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
N.  America  called  by  the  ancient  natives 
(2'nainihllcut,  it.  filuatcd  between  4 1  and  42 
2  N  iat.  and  between  71  20  and  73  15  W 
Ion.  Its  grealeft  breadth  is  72  miles,  its 
length  100  r.ailes  ;  bounded  N  by  iMaffa- 
•hufcits  ;  L  by  Uhodc  I.  S  bv  the  found 


which  divides  it  from  Long  I.  and  W  "by 
the  flate  of  N.  Yoi-k.     This  ftate  contains 
about  4674fquare  miles  ;  equal  to  about 
2,640,000  acres.  It  is  divided  into  8  coun- 
ties,  v:z.  Fairf.cld,  New  Haven,  Middle- 
fci  and  N.  London,  which  extend  along 
the  found  from  \V  to  E.  Litchfield,  Hart- 
ford, Tolland,  and  Windham,  extciid  in 
the  fame  direction  on  the  border  of  the 
Hate;  of  Maflachufetts.     The  counties  are 
divided  and  fubdivided  into   townfliips 
and  pariilies  ;  in  each  of  which  is  one  or 
more    places    of    public    worili  p,    and 
fchool   houfes    at    convenient    diftances. 
The  number  of  town  (hips  is  about  loc. 
Each  townfliip  is  a  corporation  inverted 
I  with  poweri  fuiSF.cient  for  their  own  in" 
I  ternal  regulation.     The  number  of  repre- 
i  I'entatives  isibmetimes  i8o;butmore  com- 
I  monly  about  160;  a  number  fully  adequate 
j  to  legiflate  for  a  wife  and  virtuous  people, 
j  well  informed  and  jealous  of  their  rights ; 
;  and whofe  external  circumftanc^s  approach 
j  nearer  to  equality  than  thofe,  perhaps,  of 
I  aiiy  other  peop.e  in  a  flate  of  civilization, 
I  in   the  world.     The   principal  rivers  in 
j  this  flate  are,  Connedlicut,  Houfatonick, 
j  the  Thames,  and  their  branches,  v/hich, 
',  with  fuch  others  as  are  worthy  of  notice^- 
j  will  be  defcnbed  under  their  refpedlive 
names.     The  whole  of  the  fca  coafl  is  in- 
dented with  harbours,  many  of  which  arc 
fafe  and  commodious  ;  thofe  of  N.  London 
and  N.  Haven   are    the  mofl    important. 
This  flate  fends  7  reprefcntatives  to  Con- 
grefs.    ConnccSbicut,  chough  fubjecSl  to  the 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  in  their  feafons, 
and  to  frequent  fudden   changes,  is  very 
healthful.     It  is  generally   broken  land, 
made  up  of  mountains  of  moderate  height, 
hills  ana  vallies  ;  and  is  exceedingly  well 
watered.     Some  fmall  parts  of  it  are  thin 
and  barren.    Its  principal  produdlicns  are 
Indian  corn,  rye,  v/heat  in  many  parts  of 
the  flate,  oats,  and  barley ,  which  are  hea- 
vy and  good,  and  of  late,  buck  wheat ;  flax 
in  large  quantities  ;  fome  hemp,  potatoes 
of  fe'v'cral  kinas,  pumpkins,  turnips,  peas, 
beaas,  &.c.  &:c.     Fruits  of  all  kinds  which 
are  common  to  the  climate.    The  foil  is 
very  well   calculated  for  paflurage  and 
mowing,  which  enables  the  farmers  to  feed 
large   numbers  of  neat  cattle  and  horie*. 
Tiie  trade  of  Connedlicut  is  principally 
with  the  W  India  iflands,  and  is  carried 
on  in  veiTeli  from  60  to   140  tons.     The 
exports  confiilof  horfes,  mules,  oxen,  oak 
flaves,   hoops,  pine   boards,  oak   planko, 
beans,  Indian  corn,  fifli,  beef,  pork,  &c. 
Hsrfc3,  live  cattle,  and  •lumber;  are  per- 
mitted 


CON 


COi^" 


inltted  In  the  "Dutch,  Daniilh,  and  French 
ports.  A  large  nmiibcr  of  coafting  vefiels 
are  employed  in  carrying  the  produce  of 
the  ftate  to  other  ftates.  To  Rhode  I. 
JJaffachufetts  and  N.  Hampfhire,  they 
carry  pork,  wheat,  corn  and  rye.  To  N. 
iind  S.  Carolina,andGeorgia,hutter,checfe, 
falted  beef,  cyder,  apples,  potatoes,  hay, 
&c.  and  receive  in  return,  rice  indigo  and 
raoney.  Bat  as  N.  York  is  nearer,  and  the 
ftate  of  the  markets  always  well  known, 
much  of  the  produce  of  ConnccBricur,  ef- 
pecially  of  the  weftern  parts,  is  carriad 
there;  particularly  pet  and  pearl  afb 25, 
flaxfeed,  beef,  pork,  cheefe  and  butter,  in 
large  quantities.  Mofl  of  the-  produce  of 
Connecfticait  river  from  the  parts  of  Alaf- 
fachufetts,  N.  Hampfliire  and  Vermont,  as 
well  as  of  Connedlicut,  which  are  adjacent, 
goes  to  the  fame  market.  Confiderable 
quantities  of  the  produce  of  the  eaftern 
parts  of  the  flare,  are  marketed  at  Boflon, 
Providence,  and  Norwich.  The  value  of 
the  whole  exported  produce  and  commod- 
ities from  this  (late,  before  the  year  1774, 
■was  then  el^imated  at  about  ;(^:ioo,coo 
lawful  money,  annually.  In  the  year  end- 
ing Sept  30,  I70i,the  amount  of  foreign 
exports  was  710,340  dollars,  befide  articles 
carried  to  different  parts  of  the  U.  S.  to 
a  great  amount.  In  the  year  I792,749,9'25 
dolls,  in  the  year  1793,  770,239  dolls,  in 
the  year  1794,  806,746  dolls,  and  in  the 
Tear  1801,  1,606,809  doUsi  This  ftate 
owns  and  employs  in  the  foreign  and 
coafdng  trade,  31,867  tons  of  fliipping. 
The  farmers  in  Connedticut,  and  their 
families,  are  moftly  clothed  in  plain,  de- 
cent, homefpun-  cloth.  Their  linens  and 
woollens,  are  manufa6tured  in  the  family 
way  ;  and  although  they  are  generally  of 
a  coarfer  kind',  they  are  of  a  ftronger  tex- 
ti.ire  and  much  more  durable  than  thofc 
imported"  from  France  and  Great  T^ritain. 
IVfany  of  their  cloths  are  fine  and  hand- 
fome;  Here  are  large  orchards  of  *nul- 
berry  trcx's  ;  and  fdk  worms  have  been 
reared  fo  fiiccersfully,  as  to  promife,  not 
nnly  a  fupply  of  filk  to  the  inhabitants, 
br.t  a  furpluffage  for  exportation.  In  N. 
Haven  are  linen  and  button  maniifacSlo- 
rics.  In  Hartford,  a  woollen  m.anufaclo- 
ry  has  been  cilabliflied  ;  likcwife  glals 
-e';t)rk8,  a  fn uiF  and  powder  mill,  iron 
works,  and  a  Hitting  mill.  Iron  v/^orks  are 
eibbllflied  alfo  at  SalinDury,  Norwich,  and 
other  parts  of  the  ftate. '  At  StafTord  is 
a  furnace  at  which  are  made  large  quan- 
tities of  hollow  ware,  and  other  ironmon- 
gery, fufilcie-ntto  fiipply  the  whoie  ftate. 


Paper  is  ffianufaclured  at  Norvcich,  Karlji 
ford,  N.  Haven,  and  in  Litchfield  county. 
Ironmongery,  hats,  candles,  leather,  l>.ce* 
and  boots,  are  manufaiftured  in  this  ftate. 
A  duck  manufadlory  has  been  eftabliOicd 
at  Stratford.  The  ftate  of  Connecilicut  i& 
laid  out  in  fmall  farms,  from  jo  to  300  and 
400  acres  each,  which  are  held  by  the 
farm.ers  in  fee  fimpje  ;  and  are  generallr 
well  cultivated.  The  ftate  is  chequered 
with  innumerable  roads  or  highway  croiT- 
ing:  each  other  in  every  diredlion  A 
traveller  in  any  of  thefo  roads,  even  in 
the  moft  unfettled  parts  of  the  ftate,  will 
fcldom  pafs  mors  than  half  a  m.ile  or  a 
mile  without  finding  a  houfe,  and  a  farm 
under  fuch  improvements,  as  to  afford  the 
necelTaries  for  the  fupport  of  a  family. 
The  whole  ftate  refembles  a  well  culti- 
vated garden,  which,  with  that  degree  of 
induftry  that  is  neceffary  to  happinef>, 
produces  the  neceftaries  and  convenience* 
of  life  in  great  plenty.  The  inhabitants 
are  almoft  entirely  of  Englifli  defccnt. 
There  are  no  Dutch,  French,  or  Germans, 
and  very  few  Scotch  or  Iridi  people,  in 
any  part  of  the  ftate.  The  original  flock 
from  which  have  fprung  a'l  the  prefenr. 
inhabitants  of  ConnecShicut,  and  the  nu-- 
j  merous  emigrants  from  the  ftate,  to  every 
part  of  the  U.  States,  conufted  of  3 coo 
fouls,  who  fettled  in  the  towns  of  Hart- 
ford, N.  Haven,  Wlndfor,  Guilford,  Mil- 
ford  and  WeathersfieJd,  about  the  year* 
1635  and  1636.  In  1756,  the  population 
of  the  ftate  amounted  to  130,611  fouls;  m 
1774,  to  197,856  ;  in  1782,  to  202,077 
whites,  and  6273  Indians  and  negroes  ;  in 
1790, to  237,946  perfons,  of  whom  2764 
were  flaves :  in  1800,  to  251,002,  ^^z 
being  flaves.  The  people  of  Connedlicut 
are  remarkably  fond  of  having  all  their- 
difputes,  even  thofe  of  the  moft  trivial 
kind,  fettled  according  to  law.  The  prev- 
alence of  this  litigious  fpirit,  aubrds  em- 
ployment and  fupport  ior  a  numerous- 
body  of  lawyers.  I'hat  party  fpirit,  bow-- 
ever,  which  is  the  bane  of  political  happi- 
nefs,  has  not  raged  with  fuch  violence  in 
this  ftate,  as  in  Mafiachufetts  and  Rhode  I. 
Public  proceedings  have  been  conducted 
generally  with  much  caimnefs  and  candor. 
The  people  are  well  informed  as  to  their 
rights,  and  ;udic:ous  in  fecuring  them.  Po- 
litical tranquillity  and  unanimity  follow. 
All  religions,  that  are  confiftcnt  with  the 
peace  of  fociety,  arc  tolerated  in  Connec- 
ticut ;  liberality  and  catholicifm  prevail* 
There  arc  very  few  rt  ligious  feels  in  this 
ftate.  The  bulk  of  the  people  arc  Con- 
gi-cgatlcnalilU. 


eo!^ 


CON 


g^egationalifls.  Befido  thefe,  there  arc 
Epifcopalians  and  Baptifts.  The  clei'gy"  of 
this  ftate  are  a  refpedlable  body  of  learn- 
ed and  fericus  men,  enjoying  a  happy  and 
ufefiil  Tnare  of  influence  among  their  peo- 
ple, efpecialiy  of  late,  fmce  the  revivals  of 
religion  through  a  great  part  of  the  ftate. 
The  damage  fuftained  by  this  ftats  in  the 
late  war,  was  eftimcited  at  ^^461,^35-16-1. 
To  compenfate  the  fufFerers,  the  General 
CourL,in  May  179 a, granted  them  500,000 
acres  of  the  v.'-eftern  part  of  the  refervcd 
lands  of  ConnetTticut^wluch  lie  \V  of  Penn- 
fvlvania.  There  are  a  great  number  of 
very  pleafant  tov/ns,  both  maritime  and 
inland,  in  ConnecSlicut.  It  contains  five 
cities,  incorporated  with  extenfive  jurii- 
di^tion  in  civil  caufes.  Two  of  thefe, 
Hartford  and  N.  Haven,  are  capitals  of  the 
ftate.  The  general  aflembly  is  holden  at 
the  former  in  May,  and  at  the  latter  in 
October,  annually.  The  other  cities  are 
New  London,  Norwich,  and  Middleton. 
\\''eathersficld,'Windfor,Farmington,Litch- 
fle!d,Milford,Stratford,Fairrierd,Guilford, 
Stamford,  Windham,  SulField,  and  Enfield, 
are  all  confiderable  and  very  pleafant 
towns.  Every  town  in  the  (late  is  divid- 
ed into  diftridls,  and  each  diftridt  has  a 
public  fchool  kept  in  it  at  a  greater  or  lefs 
part  of  every  year.  Som.ewhat  more  than 
one  third  of  the  monies  arifing  from  a  tax 
on  tlie  polls  and  rateable  eftate  of  the  in- 
habitants, is  appropriated  to  the  lupport 
of  fchools  in  the  feveral  towns,  for  the  ed- 
ucation of  children  and  youth.  The  law 
directs  tliat  a  grammar  fchool  fliall  be 
kept  In  every  comity  town  throughout 
the  ftate.  Yale  College  is  an  eminent  fem- 
inary  of  learning,  and  was  founded  in  the 
rear  1700.  See  Tale  Col.'ege.  Academies 
fcnve  been  cft-ibliflied  at  Greenfield,  Plain- 
:fiekl,  Norwich,  Windham,  and  Pomfret, 
fhme  of  which  are  flourilliing.  The  con- 
ftitution  of  Connecticut  i^  founded  on  their 
charter,  which  v/as  granted  bv  Charles  II. 
in  1662,  aad  on  a  law  of  the  ftate.  Con- 
tented with  this  form  of  government,  the 
people  have  not  been  difpofcd  to  run  the 
hazard  of  framing  a  new  conftitution 
fince  the  declaration  of  independence. 
Agreeably  to  this  charter,  the  fupreme 
Jegi  dative  authority  of  the  ftate  is  vefted 
in  a  governor,  deputy  governor,  twelve 
alliftants  or  counfcllors,  and  the  reprefen- 
tatives  of  the  people,  ftyled  the  General 
Affembly.  The  governor,  deputy  gov- 
ernor and  aftiftants  are  annually  chcfen 
by  the  freemen  in  the  month  of  May. 
The  I  eprefeutatives  (tjjtir  number  not  ex- 


ceed two  from  each  tov/n)  are  chofen  Vyf 
the  freemen  twice  a  year,  to  attend  th© 
two  annual  feffions-  on  the  fecond  Tuef- 
days  of  May  and  Odtober.  The  Gene- 
ral Afiembly  is  divided  into  two  branches 
called  the  upper  and  lower  houfes.  The 
upper  houfe  is  compofed  of  the  governor, 
deputy  governor  and  afhftants.  The  low- 
er houfe  of  the  reprefentatives  of  the  peo- 
ple. No  law  can  pafs  without  the  con- 
currence of  both  houfes.  Conne(a;icut  has 
ever  made  rapid  advances  in  population. 
There  have  been  more  emigrations  froiu 
this,  than  from  any  of  the  other  ftates  ; 
and  yet  is  it  full  of  inhabitants.  This  in- 
creafe  may  be  afcribed  to  feveral  caufes. 
The  bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  induftri- 
ous,  fagacious  huft)andmen.  Their  farms 
furniili  them  with  all  the  necefl'aries,  moft 
of  the  conveniencies,  and  but  few  of  the 
luxuries  of  life.  They,  of  courfe,  muft  be 
generally  temperate,  and  if  they  choofe, 
can  fubiift  with  as  much  Independence 
as  is  confiftent  with  happinefs.  The  fub- 
liftence  of  the  farmer  is  fubftantial,  and 
does  not  depend  on  incidental  circum- 
ftances,  like  that  of  moft  other  profelhons. 
There  is  no  necelftty  of  Icrving  an  appren- 
ticefliip  to  the  buiinefe,  nor  of  a  large 
ftock  of  money  to  commence  It  to  advan- 
tage. Farmers,  who  deal  much  In  barter, 
have  lefs  need  of  money  than  any  other 
ciafs  of  people.  The  eafe  with  v/hich  2 
comfortable  fubfiftence  Is  obtained,  in- 
duces the  liudoandman  to  marry  young. 
The  cultivation  of  his  farm  makes  hin\ 
ftrong  and  healthful.  He  toils  cheerfully 
through  the  day  ;  eats  the  fruit  of  his 
ov/n  labour  with  a  gladfome  heart ;  at 
night  devoutly  thanks  his  bounteous  God 
for  his  daily  blefilngs',  retires  to  reft,  and 
his  fleep  is  fweet.  Such  circumftanccs  as 
thefe  have  greatly  contributed  to  the  a- 
mazing  increafe  of  inhal)itants  in  this 
ftate.  Property  Is  equally  enough  divid- 
ed, and  muft  continue  to  be  fo,  as  long  as 
eftates  defcend  as  they  now  do.  To  vote 
for  legiflators  aperfon  muft  take  the  free- 
man's oath.  No  perfon  is  allowed  to  take 
this  oath  till  he  Is  approved  by  the  felec^- 
mcn  of  the  town,  and  two  juftices  of  the 
peace,  as  a  man  of  peaceable  behaviour, 
and  good  moral  character,  and  alfo  that  he 
pcflcfres  a  freehold  eftate  of  40  fliiilings, 
or  a  perfonal  eftate  of  ^'40.  Hence  there 
is  never  lueh  a  low  mob  at  eledlions  here 
as  in  feme  neighbouring  ftates.  He  who 
has  the  moft  merit,  not  he  v/ho  has  the 
moft  money,  is  generally  chofen  into  pub- 
lic oiBce.  As  iuftances  ©f  this,  it  is  to  be 
obfcrved^, 


CON 


CON 


ehferved,  that  many  of  the  citizens  of 
Connecticut,  from  the  humble  walks  of 
life,  have  arifen  to  the  lirft  offices  in  the 
Hate,  and  filled  them  with  dignity  and 
reputation.  That  bafe  bnfinefs  of  eled:ion- 
eering,  which  is  fo  direiMy  calculated  to 
introduce  wicked  and  defigning  men  into 
office,  is  yet  but  little  known  in  ConnetSti- 
cut.  A  man  who  wi flies  to  be  chofen  in- 
to office,  adts  wifely,  for  that  end,  when 
he  keeps  his  defires  to  himfelf.  A  thirfl: 
for  learning  prevails  among  all  ranks  of 
people  in  the  ftate.  More  of  the  young 
men  in  Conne<5licut,  in  proportion  to  their 
numbers,  receive  a  public  education,  than 
in  any  of  the  ftates.  7'he  revolution., 
which  fo  eflentially  afFecSted  the  govern- 
ment of  mofl:  of  the  colonies,  pi oduced  no 
Very  perceptible  alteration  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Connedticut.  While  under  the 
jurifdiction  of  Great  Britain,  they  elecSled 
their  own  governors,  and  all  fubordinate 
civil  officers,  and  m^ade  their  own  laws,  in 
the  fame  manner,  and  with  as  little  control 
as  they  now  do.  Connecticut  has  ever 
been  a  republic  ;  and  perhaps  as  per- 
fect and  as  happy  a  republic  as  ever 
exiiled.  While  other  flates,  more  mo- 
narchical in  their  government  and  man- 
ners, have  been  under  a  neceflity  of  un- 
dertaking the  difficult  talk  of  altering  their 
old,  or  forming  new  conftitutions,  and  of 
chp.nging  their  monarchical  for  repubh- 
can  manners,  ConnecT;icut  has  uninter- 
ruptedly proceeded  in  her  old  track,  both 
as  to  government  and  manners  ;  and,  by 
thefe  means,  has  avoided  thofe  convulfions 
wliich  have  rent  other  ftates  into  violent 
parties.  The  prefent  te*-ritory  of  Con- 
ne<£ticut,  at  the  time  of  the  firft  arrival  of 
the  Englifh,  was  pofTelTed  by  the  Pequot, 
the  Mohegan,  Podunk,  and  many  other 
fmaller  tribes  of  Indians.  In  1774  there 
were  of  the  defcendants  of  the  ancient 
natives,  only  1.16.^  perfons  ;  the  greater 
part  of  whom  lived  at  Mohegan,  between 
Norwich  and  New  London.  From  the 
natural  decreafe  of  the  Indians,  it  is  im- 
agined that  their  number  in  this  ftate  does 
not  now  exceed  400.  The  firft  grant  of 
Conne>5licut  was  made  by  the  Plymouth 
council  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  in  i6_t,o. 
The  year  following  the  Earl  affigned  this 
grant  to  Lord  Say  and  Seal,  Lord  Brook, 
and  nine  others.  Some  Indian  traders  fet- 
tled at  Windfor  in  1633.  The  fame  year, 
a  little  before  the  arrival  of  the  Englifh,  a 
few  Dutch  traders  fettled  at  Hartford, 
and  the  remains  of  tlie  fetilement  are  ftill 
■Vifible  on  the  bank  of  Conne(5licut  R. 
Vol.  I.  P 


In  1634,  Lord  Say  and  Se^  &c.  fent 
over  a  fmall  number  of  men,  who 
built  a  fort  at  Saybrook,  and  made  a  trea- 
ty with  the  Pequot  Indians  for  the  lands 
on  Connecticut  R.  Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr. 
Hooker  left  MafTachufetts  bay  in  1634, 
and  fettled  in  Hartford.  The  following 
year  Mr.  Eaton  and  Mr.  Davenport  feat- 
ed  themfclves  at  New  Haven,  in  1644, 
the  Connecticut  adventurers  purchafed  of 
Mr.  Fenwick,  agent  for  Lords  Say  and 
Seal,  and  Lord  Brook,  their  right  to  the 
colony,  for  y^i6oo,  Connecticut  and  N. 
Haven  continued  two  diftinCl  govern- 
ments for  many  years.  At  length,  John 
Winthrop,  Efq.  who  had  been  chof- 
en governor  of  Connecticut,  was  employ- 
ed to  foficit  a  royal  charter.  In  1662, 
Charles  II,  granted  a  charter,  conftituting 
the  two  colonies  forever  one  bodv  cor- 
porate and  pohtic,  by  the  name  of '«  The 
governor  and  company  of  Connecticut." 
New  Haven  took  the  affair  ill ;  but  iu 
1665,  all  difficulties  were  amicably  ad- 
jufted  ;  and  as  has  been  already  cbferved, 
this  charter  ftill  continues  to  be  the  bafis 
of  their  government 

ConneSlicut,  the  mcft  confiderable  river 
in  the  eaftern  part  of  the  United  States, 
rifcs  in  the  highlands  which  feparate  the 
flates  of  Vermont  and  N.  Hampihire  from 
L.  Canada.  It  has  been  furveyed  about 
7.5  miles  beyond  the  45th  degree  of  lat.  to 
the  head  fpring  of  its  northern  branch  ; 
from  which,  to  its  mouth,  is  upwards  of 
300  miles,  through  a  thick  fettled  country  ; 
having  upon  its  banks  a  great  number  of 
the  moft  flourifliing  and  pleafant  towns  iu 
the  U.  States.  It  is  from  80  to  100  rods 
wide,  130  miles  from  its  mouth.  Its  courfe 
Ijetween  Vermont  and  N.  Hampfliire  is 
generally  S  S  W,  as  likewife  through  MafTa- 
chufetts, and  part  of  ConneCtivut,  until  it 
reaches  the  city  of  Middleton  ;  after  which 
it  runs  a  S  S  E  courfe  to  its  mouth.  The 
navigation  of  this  beautiful  river,  which, 
like  the  Nile,  fertilizes  the  lands  through 
which  it  runs,  is  much  obftruCtcd  by  falls. 
Two  of  thefe  are  between  N.  Hampfliire 
and  Vermont,  the  firft  are  called  the  Fif- 
teen mile  falls.  Here  the  river  is  rapid 
for  so  miles.  The  fecond  remarkable 
fall  is  at  Walpole,  formerly  called  the 
Great  Fall,  but  now  named  Bellows'  Falls. 
Above  thefe,  the  breadth  of  the  river  is, in 
fome  places,  22,  in  other  places  not  above 
16  rods.  The  depth  of  the  channel  is 
about  aj  feet ;  and  commonly  runs  full  of 
vvater.  In  Sept.  1792,  however,  owing  to 
the  fbvere  drought,  the  waler  of  the  river, 

it 


CON 


CON 


is  faid, "  paCed  witliin  tlie  fpace  of  I  a  feet 
wide,  and  2|  feet  deep."     A  large  rock  di 
vides  the  llream  into  two  channels,  each 
about  90  feet  wide.     When  the  river  is 
low   the  eattern    channel  is  dry,    being 
crofled  by  a  folid  rock ;  and   the  whole 
ftream   falls   into    the   wcilern    channel, 
where  it  is  contratSled  to  tlie  breadth  of 
16  feet,  and  tlov/s  Avith  afionilliing  rapidi- 
ty.    There  are  feveral  pitches,  one  above 
another,  in  the  length  of  h;df  a  mile  ;   the 
largert:  of  which  is  that  where  the  rock  di- 
vides the  ilreani.     A  bridge  of  timber  was 
projev^led  over  this  iidl,  by  CoL  Hale,  in 
the  year  1784,  365  feet  long,  and  ftip port- 
ed in  the  middle  by  the  iuand  rock  ;    un- 
der which  the  higheit  floods  pafs  v/ithout 
injuring  it.     It  connects  VAdpcle  in  New 
Hampshire,  v/ith  Rockingham  in  Vermont. 
Notwitlulanding  the  velocity  of  the  cnr- 
rent  at  Bellows'  Falls  above  defcrlbed,  the 
fahnon  pafs  up  the   river,  and  are  taken 
many  miles  above  ;  but  the  fhad  proceed 
no  farther.     On  the  fteep  tides  of  the  ifl- 
and  rock,  at   the  fall,    hang  feveral    arm 
chairs,  fecured  by  a  counterpoife  ;  in  thefe 
the  fifliennea    lit  to   catch    falmon  with 
filliing  nets.     In  the  courfe  of  the  river 
through    MafTachufetts,  are  the  falls   at 
South  Hadley,   around    which,  locks  and 
canals  were  completed  in  1795,  by  an  en- 
terpriling  company,  incorporated  for  that 
purpofe  in    1792,  by   the   iegifiature  of 
Manachufetts.     In  Connedlicut  the  river 
IS  obftruAed  by  falls  at  Enfield  ;  to  render 
which  navigable  in  boats,  a  company  has 
been  incorporated,  and   a  fum  of  money 
raifed  by  lottery,  but  nothing  elTeclual  is 
yet  done.     The  average   defcent    of  this 
river  from  Weathersfield  in  Vermont,  150 
miles  from  its  mouth,  is  two  feet  to  a  mile, 
according   to  the   barometrical   obferva- 
tions  of  J.  Winthrop,  Efq.  made  in  1786. 
The  rivers  or  flreams  which  fall  into  Con- 
ncdiicut  R.  are  numerous  ;  liich  of  them 
as  are  worthy  of  notice  v/ill  be  feen  under 
their  refpedVive  names.     At  its  mouth  is  a 
bar  of  fand  M'-hich  conliJorably  obftruc'ilrs 
the  navigation  ;  it  has  10  feet  water  on  it 
at  full  tides,  and  the  fame  depth  to  Mid- 
dIeton,from  Vt'hich  the  bar  is  36  miles  dif- 
tant.     Above  Middleton,  there  are  flioals 
which  have  only   6  feet  water   at   high 
tide  ;  and  here  the  tide  ebbs  and  flows  but 
about  8  inches.     Three  mfles  above  that 
city,  the  river  is    contracted  to  about  40 
rods  in  breadth,  by  two  high  mountains. 
On  ahp.oft  every  other  part  of  the  river 
the  banks   are  low,  and  fpread  into   fine 
«stenllye  meadows.     In  the  fpring  floods. 


which  generally  happen  in  May,  the(<p 
meadows  are  covered  with  water.  Afe 
Hartford,  the  water  fometimes  rifes  2Cfeet 
above  the  common  furface  of  the  river, 
and  the  v/ater  having  no  t>tiier  outlet, 
but  the  abovementioned  ftrait  it  i» 
ibmetimcs  2  cr  3  weeks  before  it  returns 
to  its  ufual  bed.  Thefe  floods  add  noth- 
ing to  the  depth  of  water  on  the  bar  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  as  the  bar  lies  too  far 
off  in  the  found  to  be  afledled  fcy  them. 
This  river  is  navigable  to  Hartford  city,, 
upwards  of  50  miles  from  its  mouth;  and 
the  produce  of  the  country  for  200  miles 
above  it  is  brought  thither  in  boats  The 
boats  which  are  ufcd  in  this  buiinefs  are 
fiat  bottomed,  long  and  narrow,  and  of  fo 
light  a  make  as  to  be  portable  in  carts. 
Before  the  conftrudlion  of  locks  and  canaU 
on  this  river,  they  were  taken  out  at  3  dif- 
ferent carrying  places,  all  of  which  made 
15  miles  It  is  expelled  that  in  a  few 
years  the  obilrudiions  will  be  all  removed. 
Sturgeon,  falmon,  and  fliad,  are  caught  in 
plenry  in  their  feafon,  from  the  mouth  of 
the  river  upv/ards,  excepting  (turgcon, 
wliich  do  not  afcend  the  upper  falls  ;  be- 
fide  a  variety  of  fmail  fifn,  fuch  as  pike, 
carp,  perch,  &c.  There  is  yet  a  flrong 
expectation  of  opening  a  commmiication 
between  this  river  and  the  Merrimack, 
through  Sugar  R.  which  runs  into  the  Con- 
nedlicut  at  Claremont  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  the  Contoocook,  which  falls  into  the- 
Merrimack  at  Bofcawen.  trom  this  river 
were  employed  in  r  789,  three  brigs,  of  180 
tons  each,  in  the  European  trade ;  and 
about  60  fail,  from  60  to  150  tons,  in  the 
W.  India  trade,  befide  a  few  fifhermen, 
and  40  or  50  coafling  vellels.  The  number 
has  confiderably  increafed  fince. 

Ccnf:e^icut,  a  llream  in  Long  Iiland,  N. 
York,  which  falls  into  a  bay  at  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifiand.  It  lies  2  miles  to  the  fouth- 
Vv'ard  of  Rockonkama  pond. 

ComieStkui,Ni"zv,  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 
See  Trumbull  co. 

ConneUfwllf,  a  pofl  town,  Fayette  co. 
Pennfyh^ania,  on  Youghiogany  river,  220 
miles  from  Waflilngton.  It  is  the  fliirc 
town  of  the  co.  Half  a  mile  below  the 
town  arc  2  forges,  and  a  merchant  mill, 
and  various  other  mills.  The  inhabitants 
are  Friends,  BaptiftsandMethodiils.  Their 
meeting  houfc  is  below  the  town.  This 
is  the  head  of  navigation. 

Continental  Village,  was  fituated  on  Hud- 

fon  R.  in  N.  York  flate.     Before  its  def- 

flrucIlionbySlr  HenryClinton,inO<fl:.i777, 

there  were  here  barracks  for  2000  men. 

Qmivetfatiaih 


coo 


coo 


Converjat'ion  Point,  a  head  land  on  the 
S  fide  of  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  California. 
JN  lat.  3Z  30,  W  Ion.  119. 

Conway,  a  townfltlp  in  the  province  of 
N.  Erunfwick,  Sudbury  co.  on  the  W  bank 
of  St.  John's  R.  ~  It  has  the-bay  of  Fundy 
on  the  S,  and  at  the  wefternmofl:  point  of 
the  townfliip  there  is  a  pretty  good  har- 
bour called  Mufquafli  co\^. 

Comuay,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  E  corner 
of  Strafford  co.  N.  Hampfliire,  on  a  bend 
in  Saco  river,  incorporated  in  1765,  and 
contains  705  inhabitants.  It  was  called 
Fig-Lvacket  by  the  Indians. 

Conivay,  a  thriving  townfliip  in  Hamp- 
fhire  co.  Maflachufetts,  incorporated  in 
1767,  and  contains  201 3  inhabitants,  13 
miles  N  W  of  Northampton. 

Co;:ya,  a  river  in  Surinam,  or  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.  America. 

Coo/oome,  an  Indian  tov/n  on  the  W  fide 
of  Talapoofe  R.  a  branch  of  the  Mobile. 
Cook's  R.  or  Inlet,  on  the  N  W  coaft  oi 
Anoerica,  difcovered  by  Capt.  Cook,who 
traverfed  it  210  miles  from  its  entrance, 
and  concluded  it  a  channel  through  which 
^  N  W  pafiage  might  ultimately  be  difcov- 
ered. Capt.  Vancouver,  in  the  fpring  of 
1794,  explored  this  celebrated  river, 
which  commences  in  N  iat.  59  10,  W  Ion. 
from  Greenwich  151,  and  after  afcend- 
ing  it  as  high  as  lat.  61  29  N,  W  Ion.  148 
45,  found  its  termination.  It  is  of  courfe 
no  longer  confidered  as  a  river,  but  only 
an  Inlet,  or  a  hmg  and  narrow  arm  of  the 
fea,  extending  from  S  W  to  N  E,  between 
the  latitudes  abovementioned.  Its  banks 
are  inhabited  by  feme  Ruffians  and  In- 
dians of  a  very  hmnaue  characT;er.  Of  a 
number,  to  whom  Capt  Vancouver,  Ihew- 
cd  kindnefs, he  gives  tliefollowingaccount. 
*'  They  departed  fliewing  a  very  high 
fenfe  of  gratitude  for  the  kindnefs  and  at- 
tention with  v/hich  they  had  been  treat- 
ed. Whilft  on  board  they  had  behaved 
with  a  degree  of  modefty  and  decorum 
rarely  found  amongfl;  men  in  a  far  more 
civilized  fiate  ;  and  notwlthllanding  they 
had  been  couflantly  expofed  to  tempta- 
tions by  articles  lying  in  their  way,  which 
v/ere  of  the  mo  ft  valuable  nature  in  tlieir 
eftimation,  not  the  moft  trifling  thing  was 
milled,  nor  did  their  honefty  in  any  re- 
fpecflfufTer  the  leaft  impeachment.  'I'hev 
repofed  the  utmoft  confidence  in  our  in- 
tegrity, and  confidered  themfelves  as 
much  at  home  in  our  fi^-iety  as  if  wc  liad. 
long  been  their  moft  intimate  friends. 
In  fliort,  if  the  condudl  they  exhibited 
(iaring  the  time  they  pafTsd  Vfith.  us  is  to 


be  received  as  their  general  national  chsr- 
adler,  it  indicates  them  to  be  a  people 
unat-'luated,  by  ambition,  jealoufy,  or  av- 
arice, the  pafiions  which  fo  ftrongly  ope- 
rateon  the  human  fpecies.toprcduceaccn- 
ilant  dread  and  variance  with  each  other, 
and  ftimulate  to  acts  of  oppreflion,  vio- 
lence and  rapacity,  as  well  on  their  liear- 
eft  neighbours,  as  the  moft  diftant  ftran- 
gers."  "  Many  of  the  natives  v/ere  fecn 
about  thcSr  habitations  as  our  party  pafT- 
ed  along  the  bay,  and  v/herethey  had  occa- 
fion  to  land,  feme  of  thefe  good  people  ob- 
ferving  that  the  boats  were  prevented,  by 
the  flioals,  from  reaching  the  fliore,  they 
ruflied  into  the  v.^atcr,  notwithftanding 
the  weather  was  very  cold  and  unpleafant, 
and  ofiercd  their  iriendly  affiihmce  to 
land  cur  gentlemen,  by  carrying  them 
i  through  the  water  ;  which  acceptable  fer- 
i  vice,  they  not  only  performed  v/Ith  the 
!  greateft  care  and  attention,  but  made 
j  their  new  vifitors  fome  trivial  prcfents  ; 
V  hich  were  recompenfed  by  returns  higb- 
ly  fatisfactory  to  them." 

Cookhoufe,  on  the  Cookquago  branch  of 
Delav/are  R.  is  fituated  in  the  tovv^nfliip 
of  Colchefter,  N.  York,  near  the  Pennfyl- 
vania  line. 

Coobtrs  IJland,  one  of  the  leffer  Virgin 
Ifles  in  the  W.  Indies,  fituated  S  W  of  Gin- 
ger Ifland,  and  uninhabited.  It  is  5  miles 
long,  and  i  broad.  K  lat.  18  5,  W  loa. 
62  57. 

Cuopcr,  a  large  and  navigable  river 
which  mingles  its  waters  with  Afliley  R. 
below  Charlcfrcn  city  in  S.  Carolina. 
Thefe  form  a  fpacious  and  convenient 
harbour,  which  communicates  v/ith  the 
ocean,  juft  below  Sullivan's  IHand,  which 
it  leaves  on  the  K,  7  miles  S  E  of  the  city. 
In  thefe  rivers  the  tide  rifes  6^  feet. 
Cooper  R.  is  a  mile  wide  at  the  ferry,  9' 
miles  above  Charlefton.  A  canal  from 
the  head  of  this  river  to  Santee  opens  a 
communication  between  Charlefton  and 
the  Ulterior  country. 

Ccnpers  'Toivtt^  a  poft  town  and  town- 
fliip, in  Otfego  co.  K.  York,  and  is  the 
compaA  part  of  the  to\v  nfliip  cf  Otlego, 
and  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  It  is  pleaf- 
antly  fituated  at  the  S  W  end  of  the  lake, 
on  its  banks,  and  thofe  of  its  outlet;  73 
miles  W  of  Albany.  Hcie  are  a  court 
houfe,  gaol',  and  academy.  It  is  rapidly 
increafing,  and  built  in  regular  fquarer. 
N  lat.  42  44,  W  Ion.  74  4''>' 

Coopers  Ferry,  in  Glocefter  co.N.  Jerfey  ; 
a  poft  office  is  kept  here,  i-ip  miles  N  E 
from  V/afliington. 

Cocper''s'^ 


coo 


COP 


Coopers,  a  village  in  Ybrk  co.  Penniyl- 
vania,  on  the  W  bank  of  Sufquehanna, 
on  the  Maryland  line.  I'liis  place,  in 
1785,  was  a  Avildernefs.  Nine  years  after, 
it  contained  1800  inhabitants  ;  a  large 
and  handfome  church,  with  a  fteeple  ;  a 
market  lioufe  and  a  bettering  houfe  ;  a 
library  of  1200  volumes,  and  an  academy 
of  64  fcholars.  Four  hundred  and  fcven- 
ty  pipes  were  laid  under  groimd,  for  the 
purpole  of  bringing  water  from  W.  Moun- 
tain, and  conducting  it  to  every  houfe  in 
town. 

Coop's  Toivn,  in  Harford  co.  Maryland, 
lies  12  miles  N  W  of  Harford,  and  24  N 
N  E  of  Baltimore. 

Coos,  or  Cohos,  the  places  called  Upper 
and  Loiver  Coos,  lie  on  Conne<flicut  R. 
one  2,5,  the  other  75  miles  above  Dart- 
mouth college.  Upper  Coos  is  the  coun- 
try S  of  Upper  Amonoofuck  R.  on  John 
and  Ifrael  Rivers.  Lower  Coos  is  in  the 
towns  of  Haverhill  and  Newbury,  S  of  the 
Lower  Amonoofuck.  The  diflance  from 
Upper  Coos,  to  the  tide  in  Kennebeck  R. 
was  meafured  in  1793,  and  was  found  to 
be  but  90  miles. 

Coofddesy  an  Indian  town  on  Alabama  R. 
about  60 miles  above  its  mouth,  on  Mobile 
JR.  below  McGillivray's  town,  and  oppo- 
fite  the  mouth  of  the  Oakfulkee 

Coofa  Hatchet:,  or  Coofaiv,  a  ri  ver  of  S. 
Carolina,  which  rifes  in  Orangeburg  dif- 
tri(5t,  and  running  a  S  S  W  courfe,  emp- 
ties into  Broad  R.  and  Whale  Branch, 
which  feparate  Beaufort  ifland  from  the 
main  land. 

Cc:>fa,z.  river  of  S.  Carolina.  See  Broad R. 

Coojj.,  or  Confa  Hatcha,  a  river  which  rifcs 
in  the  high  lands  of  the  Cherokces'  coun- 
try, and  joining  Tallapoofc,  forms  Ala- 
bama R.  Its  courfe  is  generally  S,  run- 
ning through  the  country  of  the  Natchez, 
and  other  tribes  of  the  Upper  Creeks,  the 
roughcfl:  and  mod  broken  of  the  whole 
nation.  It  is  rapid,  and  full  of  rocks  and 
iboals,  hardly  navigable  for  canoes. 

Coefaivatchie,  or  Co^fcihatchie,  a  pofl:  town 
in  Beaufort  diftriA,  S.  Carolina,  fituated 
on  the  S  W  fide  of  Coofa  R.  over  wliich 
a  bridge  has  been  lately  erc(5ted.  It  is  a 
flourirtiing  place,  having  about  4c  houfes, 
a  court  h(-ufe  and  gaol.  The  courts  for- 
merly held  at  Beaufort,  are  held  liere.  It 
is  33  miles  from  Beaufort,  and  77  W  S  W 
of  Charltflon. 

Cooijloivti,  a  pofl  town  In  Berks  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  is  iiuiated  on  a  hranch  of  Sau- 
hoca  creek,  a  branch  of  the  Schuylkill  R. 
It  contains  40  houfes,  and  a  German  Lu- 


theran and  Calvinifl:  church  united.  It  is 
17  miles  N  N  E  of  Reading,  and  73  N  W 
by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Copiapo,  an  open  town  in  the  bifliopric 
of  St.  Jago,  or  Chili  Proper,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, famous  for  Its  mines  of  iron,  brafs,  tin, 
and  lead  ;  which,  however,  are  not  work- 
ed. '1  he  gold  mines  have  drawn  about , 
900  people  here.  There  are  alio  great 
quantities  of  loadftone,  and  lapis  lazuli, 
14  or  15  leagues  diflant ;  where  there 
are  alfo  feveral  lead  mines.  On  the  high 
mountains  of  the  Cordillera,  40  leagues 
E  S  E  from  the  port,  are  mines  of  the 
finefl:  fulphur,  not  needing  to  be  cleanfed, 
and  M'hich  fells  for  3  pieces  of  eight  a 
quintal,  at  the  port,  from  whence  it  is 
carried  to  Lima.  Frefli  water  is  very 
fcarce.  Salt  petre  is  found  in  the  vale  an 
inch  thick  on  the  ground.  Between  this 
and  Coquimbo  is  no  town  or  village,  only 
3  or  4  farms.     Lat.  25  10  S,  Ion.  75  14  W. 

Copper  iW/«5,  alarge  river  of  New  Brit- 
ain, reckoned  to  be  the  mod  northern  in 
N.  America,  Taking  a  northerly  courfe 
it  falls  into  the  fea  in  lat.  72  N,  and  about 
119  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich.  The  ac- 
counts brought  by  the  Indians  of  this  river 
to  the  Britilli  ports  in  Hudfon  bay,  and 
the  fpecimens  of  copper  produced  by 
them,  induced  Mr.  Hcarne  to  fct  out  fron\ 
Fort  Prince  of  Wales,  in  Dec.  1770,  on  a. 
journey  of  difcovery,  He  reached  the 
river  at  40  miles  diftance  from  the  fea, 
and  found  it  all  the  way  incumbered 
with  flioals  and  falls,  and  emptying  itfelf 
into  it  over  a  dry  fiat  of  the  Iborc,  the 
tide  being  then  out,  which  feemed  by  the 
edges  of  the  ice  to  rife  about  1%  or  14 
feet.  T')is  rife,  on  account  of  the  falls, 
will  carry  it  but  a  very  fmall  way  withia 
the  river's  mouth  ;  fo  that  the  water  in 
it  has  not  the  leaft  brackifli  tafte.  Mr. 
Hearne  had  the  moft  extcnfive  view  of 
the  fea,  which  bore  N  W  by  W  and  N  E, 
when  he  was  about  8  miles  up  the  river. 
The  fea  at  the  river's  moutli,  was  full  of 
illands  and  llioals  ;  but  the  ice  was  only 
thawed  away  about  -|ths  of  a  mile  from 
the  fliore,  on  the  17th  of  July.  The  Ef- 
quimaux  had  a  quantity  of  whale  bone 
and  feal  fkins  at  their  tents  on  the  fliorc. 
The  river  is  full  of  falmon  ;  40  miles  from 
the  fea  it  is  180  yards  wide,  thence  to  the 
fea  it  varies  from  20  to  4  or  500  yards  in 
widih.  The  genera!  courfe  of  the  river 
is  about  N  by  E.  The  banks  are  gener- 
ally a  folid  lock,  cacli  fide  fo  correfponds 
with  the  other,  tl^at  fome  convulfion  of 
nature  is  fuppofed  to  have  produced  the 

channel. 


COR 


COR 


channel.  The  Indians  fay  the  river  rlfes 
in  Large  White  Stone  lake,  300  miles  dif- 
tant  on  a  ftraight  line.  The  Efquimaux 
Indians  inhabit  the  fnorcs  of  this  river. 

Copper  Mine  Pointy  in  the  E  end  of  lake 
Superior,  in  U.  Canada,  in  the  vicinity  of 
which,  feme  years  ago,  an  attempt  was 
made  to  dig  for  copper  ore,  but  foon  after 
abandoned.  This  place  is  nearly  N  E  by 
N  from  point  Mamonce,  and  between  it 
and  the  mouth  of  the  river  Montreal. 

Coquimbo,  a  town  of  St.  Jago,  or  Chili 
proper,  in  S.  America,  fituated  at  the 
lower  end  of  the  vale,  bearing  the  fame 
name,  on  a  gently  rifing  ground.  The  riv- 
er of  Coquimbo  gives  name  to  the  agree- 
able valley  through  which  it  rolls  to  the 
fea  ;  and  the  bay  at  its  mouth  is  a  very 
fine  one,  where  fliips  lie  fafely  and  com- 
modioufly,  though  the  coaft  is  rocky,  fome 
iflands  lying  fo  as  to  keep  off  the  winds. 
The  town  is  properly  called  La  Serena, 
from  the  agreeablenefs  of  the  climate  ; 
being  continually  ferene  and  pleafant. 
The  ilreets  are  well  laid  out,  and  there 
are  5  or  6  convents  ;  but  the  houfes  are 
not  handfome.  The  foil  is  fruitful  in 
corn,  wine,  and  oil,  and  the  brooks  bring 
down  quantities  of  gold  dufl;  after  heavy 
rains.  Here  are  no  gold  mines,  but  plen- 
ty of  copper;  one  of  which,  5  leagues  N 
from  the  city  on  Mount  Cerro  Verde,  or 
Green  Hill,  is  high,  and  fliaped  like  a  fu- 
gar  loaf  ;  fo  that  it  may  ferve  as  a  land 
mark  to  the  port.  It  lies  260  miles  N  of 
St.  Jago,  and  jufl-ly  boafts  of  one  of  the 
fineft  fituations  in  the  world  ;  but  the  ar- 
bitrary government  of  Spain  renders  it  a 
place  of  little  importance. 

Coral  River,  in  New  Mexico,  runs  a 
courfe  W  by  S,  and  empties  into  the  head 
of  the  gulf  of  California,  clofe  by  the 
mouth  of  Collerado  river. 

Coram,  a  poft  town  in  Suffolk  co.  Brook- 
Jiaven  townlhip,  Long  I.  Na  York.  It  has 
about  60  houfes,  and  lies  62  miles  eafl- 
ward  of  N.  York  city,  and  ao  E  of  Hunt- 
ington. 

Corcas,  or  Grand  Corcas,  an  ifland  almofl 
in  the  form  of  a  crefcent,  N  of  St.  Do- 
jliingo,  in  the  windAvard  pailage,  about  7 
leagues  W  of  Turk's  I.  and  about  ao  E  of 
J-.ittle  Inagua,  or  Heneagua.  N  lat.  %i  sS-> 
W  Ion.  70  s^. 

Cordillera.      See  Andes. 

Cordova,  De  la  niieva  Andalufia,  a  City  of 
I'eru,  in  S  America,  in  the  jurifdi^5lion  of 
Charcas,  80  leagues  S  of  Santiago  del  Ef- 
tero.  Here  is  the  Epifcopal  church  of 
lucaman,  with  fomc  monafteries,  and  a 


convent.  It  is  fruitful  in  grain,  honey, 
wax,  fruits,  cotton,  and  fugar.  It  abounds 
with  fait  pits,  and  has  luxuriant  paftures 
for  mules.  It  drives  a  great  trade  with 
Buenos  Ayrcs.  The  inhabitants  are  Span* 
iards,  who  are  farmers  and  manufadlurcrs 
of  cotton  cloth,  which  they  fend  to  Potoll, 
S  lat.  31  30,  W  Ion.  63  30.  In  Cordova, 
in  the  Tucuman,  there  has  been  found  the 
greateft  inftancc  of  longevity  fmce  the 
days  of  the  patriarchs.  From  indifputa- 
ble  evidence,  a  negrefs,  named  Louifa 
Truxo,  was  alive  in  I'j  1  j^,zgcd  one  hundred 
and  fcventy  Jive  years. 

Core  Sound,  on  the  coafl  of  N.  Carolina, 
lies  S  of,  and  communicates  with,  Pamlico. 

Ccrientes,  a  cape  of  Mexico,  or  New 

j  Spain,  on  the  N.  Pacific  ocean.     N  lat.  21, 

W  Ion.  109  30.     Alfo,  the  name  of  the  S 

wefternmofl  point  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 

Corientes,  Los,  a  fmall  city  within  the 
government  of  Buenos  Ay  res,  in  S.Amer- 
ica, was  built  by  the  Spaniards  on  the 
confluence  of  the  Parana  and  Paraguay, 
80  leagues  higher  than  Santa  Fe,  on  the 
Rio  de  Plata. 

Corinth,  a  townflu'p  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Bradford,  adjoining,  contain- 
ing 1403  inhabitants. 

Cork  Bay,  on  the  E  fide  of  Newfoundland 
Ifland. 

Cornijh,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co.  N. 
Hamplhire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Connecticut 
R.  between  Claremont  and  Plainfield, 
about  15  miles  N  of  Charleflown,  and  16  S 
of  Dartmouth  college.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1763.  In  1775, it  contained  309,  in 
1790,  982,  and  in  x8oo,  1268  inhabitants. 

Cornijh,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
bounded  by  Saco  R.  on  the  E,  and  by- 
Great  Ofl'apee  river  on  the  N. 

Cornville,  a  townfliip  in  Kennebcck  co. 
on  the  E  fide  of  Kennebeck  R.  Weflcrun- 
fet,  or  Uflerunfcut  R.  runs  nearly  through 
the  center  of  this  townfliip,  which  is  about 
45  miles  N  of  Hallowell. 

Corntvall,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  E  of  Bridport,  on  lake  Champ- 
lain,  containing  1163  inhabitants. 

Cornivall,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  W  bank  of  Hudfon  river, 
embracing  a  part  of  the  Highlands.  The 
fortrefs  pf  JVcJi  Point  is  in  this  townfliip. 
It  has  1648  inhabitants. 

Cornivall,  a  poft  town  in  Litchfield  co. 
Conne6licut,  about  9  miles  N  of  Litch- 
field, and  40  W  by  N  of  Hartford. 

Cornivall,  th:  io'ivnJiDip  of,  in  the  CO.  of 
Stormont,U.  Canada,  is  fituated  upon  the 
river  l^t.  Lawrence,  near  St.  Francis  lake, 

and 


COT 


COU 


anifl  the  third  townfliip  in  afcending  the 
river.  It  has  a  fmall  church,  and  30  or 
40  houfes. 

Cornivallis,  a  town  in  King's  co.  in  the 
province  of  N.  Bninfwick,  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  the  Bafin  of  Minas ;  18  miiesN  W 
of  Falmouth,  and  $s  N  W  of  AnnapoHs. 
Alfo  a  river  in  the  lame  province,  navi- 
gable for  veflels  of  lOO  tons  5  miles  ;  for 
ve.Tels  of  50  tons  10  miles. 

Coro,  a  town  of  S.  America,  in  Terra 
Firma,  at  the  bottosn  of  the  gulf  of  Ve- 
nezuela, 60  miles  W  of  La  Guaira.  N 
lat.  n,  W  Ion.  70. 

Coropa,  a  province  of  S.  America,  fita- 
atcd  between  the  river  Amazon  and  the 
lake  Parime. 

Curtlamh,  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  W.  Chefter  co.  on  the  E  bank  of 
Hudlbn  river,  N.  York,  containing  2752 
inhabitants.  It  lies  between  Crotoii  and 
Peekfkiil  rivers.  The  village  of  Peekfkiil 
is  in  this  townfliip. 

Coryell's  Ferry ^  Hunterdon  CO.  N.  Jerfey, 
where  is  a  poll  office,  180  miles  N  E  of 
"Wafliington. 

Cojla  £ica, or  the  Hich  Conf^  as  its  name 
fignifies,  is  fo  called  from  its  rich  mines 
of  gold  and  filver,  thofe  of  Tinfigai  being 
preferred  by  the  Spaniards  to  the  mines 
of  Potoli  ;  but  in  other  refpects,  it  is 
mountainous  and  barren.  It  is  lituatcd 
in  the  audience  of  Guatimala,  in  New- 
Spain,  bounded  by  tlie  province  of  Vera- 
gua  on  the  S  E,and  that  of  Nicaragua  on 
the  N  E.  It  reaches  from  the  North  to 
the  South  Sea,  about  90  leagues  from  £  to 
W,  and  is  50  where  broadeft,  from  N  to 
S.  It  has  much  the  fame  produ(5tions  as 
its  neighbouring  provinces  ;  and  in  fomc 
places  the  foil  is  good,  and  it  produces 
cocoa.  On  the  North  Sea  it  has  two  con- 
venient bays,  the  moft  w^eftcrly  called  St. 
Jerom's,  and  that  near  tiie  frontiers  of 
Veragua,  called  Caribaco  ;  and  on  the 
South  Sea  it  has  fevcral  bays,  capes,  and 
convenient  places  for  anchorage.  Chief 
town  Nycoya. 

Cotabambo,  a  jurifdicSlion  in  Peru,  S.  A- 
jnerica,  fubje<5l  to  the  biiliop  of  Cufco, 
and  lies  20  leagues  S  W  of  that  cify-  It 
abounds  in  grain,  fruits,  and  cattle.  lis 
rich  mines  are  now  almofl:  exhaufLJ. 

Coteaux,  Les,  a  town  on  the  road  from 
Tiburon  to  Port  Snlut,  on  the  S.  fide  of 
tlie  S  peninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, 13-^  leagues  E  by  S  of  the  former, 
and  4  NW  of  the  ktter,  N  lat.  18  12 

CotopaMt,  a  large  volcano  near  Lataa- 
eungo,  an  afuento  or  dependence  on  the 


province  of  Quito,  in  Pern,  S.  Amcries. 
It  lies  nearly  under  the  line,  yet  the  tjp* 
of  it  are  generally  covered  with  ice  and 
fnow.  It  firR  f]iew(M  itfelf  in  1553,  when 
Sebaftlan  dc  Belacazar  lirfi;  entered  ihefc 
countries,  which  eruption  proved  favour- 
able to  his  enterprife.as  it  coincided  with 
a  predicStion  of  the  Indian  priefls,  that  the 
country  lliould  be  invaded  on  the  burfting 
of  this  Volcano  ;  and  accordingly  it  fo 
happened;  for  before  1539  he  had  fub- 
ducd  all  the  country,  It  is  18,756  feet 
above  tlie  level  of  the  fca,  and  except 
Chimborazo  is  the  higheft  point  of  the 
Andes. 

Cotuy,z  canton  and  town  in  the  Span- 
'ifh  p'irt  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domuigo, 
bounded  E  by  the  bay  of  Samana,  N  by 
the  chain  of  moimtains  called  Monte 
Chrifl,  W  by  the  territory  of  la  Vega,  and 
S  by  the  chain  of  mountains  calltd  Se-^ 
vico.  In  1305,  the  gold  mines  were 
worked  here.  In  the  mountain  of  Mey- 
mon>  whence  comes  the  river  of  the  fame 
name,  there  is  a  copper  mine,  fo  rich, 
that  when  refined  will  produce  8  per  cent, 
of  gold.  Here  are  alfo  found  excellent 
lapis  la7,uli,  a  flreaked  chalk,  that  fomc 
painters  prefer  to  bole  for  gilding  ;  load- 
ftone,  emeralds,  and  iron.  The  iron  is  of 
the  befl  tjuaiity,  and  might  be  conveyed 
from  the  chain  of  Sevico  by  means  of  the 
river  Yuna.  The  foil  here  is  excellent, 
and  the  plantains  produced  here  are  of 
fueh  fuperior  quality,  that  this  manna  of 
the  Antilles  is  called  at  St.  Domingo,  Sun- 
day plantains.  The  people  cultivate 
tobacco,  but  are  chie/ly  employed  in 
breeding  fwine.  The  inhabitants  are 
caiied  clownilh,  and  of  an  unfociabtc 
characTter.  The  town  is  fituated  half  a. 
league  from  the  S  W  bank  of  Yuna,  which 
becomes  unnavigable  near  this  place, 
about  13  leagues  from  its  mouth  in  the 
bay  of  Samana.  It  contains  160  fcatter- 
ed  houfes,  in  the  middle  of  a  little  favan- 
na.ijnd  furrouiided  with  woods, 30  leagues 
noriherlyot  St.  Domingo,  and  12  S  E  of 
St.  Yago.  N  lat.  19  11,  W  ion.  from 
Paris  72  27. 

Cc^a'A/^,  a  fmall  ifland  in  St.  Lawrence 
river,  about  45  miles  N  E  of  Qutbec. 

Country  llaibour,  fo  called,  is  about  20 
leagues  to  the  eadward  ol  Halifax,  in  No- 
va Scotia. 

Co):p(e,oi-  Cut  Point,  a  fnort  tr.in  in  the 
river  Midlfippi,  about  ^^^  miles  above 
Mantchac  ferr,  at  the  gut  of  Ibberville, 
and  259  from  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
Cliarkvoix  relates  that  the  river  formerly 

saa4c 


cow 


CR  A 


IRadc  a  great  turn  here,  and  feme  Ca- 
nadians, by  deepening  the  channel  of  a 
fmall  brook,  diverted  the  waters  of  the 
river  into  it,  in  the  year  172Z.  The  iniptt- 
uolity  of  the  dream  was  fuch,  and  the  foil 
of  fo  rich  and  loofe  a  quality, that  in  alliort 
time  the  point  was  entirely  cut  through, 
and  the  old  cliannel  left  dry,  except  in 
inundations  :  l>y  which  travellers  fave 
14  leagues  of  their  voyage.  The  new 
channel  has  been  founded  with  a  line  of 
30  fathom,  witliout  finding  bottom.  The 
Spaniili  fettlements  of  Point  Coupee  ex- 
tend so  miles  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Miffi- 
lippi,and  tiiere  are  fomc  plantations  back, 
and  the  fide  of  La  Faufe  Riviere,  through 
which  the  Miillfippi  palTed  about  70  years 
ago.  The  fort  at  Point  Coupee  is  a  fquare 
figure,  with  four  baftions,  built  with  ftock- 
ades.  There  were,  fome  years  fince, about 
aooo  white  inhabitants  and  7000  ilavcs. 
They  cultivate  Indian  corn,  toI)acco,  and 
indigo  ;  raife  vafl  quantities  of  poultry,  j 
which  they  ftnd  to  New  Orleans.  They 
alfo  fend  to  that  city  fquared  timber, 
ftaves,  &c.  Hutchhis, 

Coventry,  a  poQ  town  in  Tolland  CO. 
Connedlicut,  20  miles  E  of  Hartford  city. 
It  was  fettled  in  1709,  being  purchafed 
by  a  number  of  Hartford  gentlemen,  of 
one  Jolbua,  an  Indian-  It  has  3021  in- 
habitants. 

Coventry,  in  Rhode  iriand,i3  the  Ncaf):- 
crnmoft  townfnip  in  Kent  co.  It  contains 
ft423  inhabicants.  The  town  is  well  wa- 
tered by  feveral  brooks  which  fall  into 
Moofufe,  which  runs  wefterly  into  Quin- 
nabaug  and  into  Patuxet,  which  runs  eall- 
crly  into  Narraganfet  Bay. 

Coventry,  a  townfiiip  in  the  northern 
part  of  N.  Hampiliire,  in  Grafton  co.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1764,  and  contains 
69  inhabitants. 

Coventry,  a  townfhip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont. Ic  lies  in  the  N  part  of  the  ftate, 
at  the  S  end  of  Lake  JVIemphremagog. 
Black  R.  paflls  through  this  town  in  its 
courfe  to  Memphremagog.  It  had  only 
7  inhabitants  in  1800. 

Coventry,  a  townfiiip  in  Chefter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  Schuylkill,  oppolite 
Pottfgrove. 

Coiv?,h  the  capital  town  of  the  Chero- 
kee Indians,  lituated  on  the  foot  of  the 
hills,  on  both  fides  of  the  river  Tenefiee. 
Here  terminates  the  great  vale  of  Cowe, 
exhibiting  one  of  the  mofS:  charming,  nat- 
ural, mountainous  landfcaoes  that  can  be 
feen.  The  vale  is  cloftd  at  Cov/e  by  a 
lid^e  of  high  hills,  called  the  Jcre  moun- 


tains. The  town  contains  about  too  hab- 
itations. In  the  conflitution  of  the  flate 
of  TcnefTee^  Cowe  is  defcribed  as  near  th« 
line  which  feparates  Tenefiee  from  Vir- 
ginia, and  is  divided  from  Old  Chota,  an- 
other Indian  town,  by  that  part  of  the 
Great  Iron  or  Smoaky  mountain,  called 
Unicoi,  or  Unaca  mountain. 

Co'ivetas,  or  Koivetas,  a  town  of  the 
Lower  Creeks,  in  E.  Flonda,  called  the 
Bloody  town.  [See  Apalachlcola  totvn?^  It 
lies  on  the  W  bank  of  Chata  Uche  R.  and 
contains  280  men. 

Coiu  and  Calf  Pajiure  Rivers,  are  head 
branches  of  Rivanna  river,  in  Virginia. 

Ccivs  Ifldkd.      See  Vache. 

Coivp'jjiure  River,  Virginia,  a  principal 
branch  of  James  River,  which  Ice. 

Coivpens.  a  place  fo  called,  in  S.  Caro- 
lina, between  Pacolct  river  and  the  head 
branch  of  Broad  river.  This  is  the  fpot 
where  Gen.  Morgan  gained  a  complete 
vi6lory  over  lient.  col.  Tarieton,  Jan.  ir, 
1781,  having  only  12  irttn  killed  and  60 
wounded.  The  Britilli  had  39  commif- 
uoned  ofTicers  killed,  wounded  and  taken 
prifoncrs  ;  100  rank  and  file  killed,  200 
wounded^  and  500  prifoners.  They  left 
behind,  2  pieces  of  artillery,  2  ftandards, 
800  muflcet3,  3J  baggage  waggons,  and 
100  dragoon  horfes,  which  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  American-5.  The  field  of 
battle  was  in  an  open  wood. 

CoxhaU,\n  York  co.  Maine.  See  Lyman, 

Coxfukie^  a  townfiiip  in  Green  co.  N» 
York,  containing  4676  inhabitants.  Tlie 
landing  is  ic  miles  N  of  Hudfon  city,  on 
the  opposite  fide  of  the  river. 

Coyau,  a.  fettlcment  on  TenelTee  river, 
30  miles  below  Knoxville. 

Crao  Orchard,  a  port  town,  on  Dick's 
river,  in  Kentucky,  8  miles  from  Cumber- 
land river,  and  25  miles  S  E  of  Danville. 
The  road  to  Virginia  pafles  through  this 
place, 

Cratg  Fort,  Smith  CO.  Tenefiee  ;  here  is 
a  poll  oflice,  704  miles  W  of  Wafliington.- 

Cro^tberry,  a  thriving  town  in  Middle- 
fex  CO.  N.  jerfey,  9  miles  E  of  Princeton, 
and  16  S  S  W  of  Brunfwick.  It  contain* 
a  handfcme  Prclhyterian  church,  and  a 
variety  of  manufa(5lures  are  carried  on 
by  its  induftrious  inhabitant*.  The  ftagc 
from  N.  York  to  Philadelphia  pafTei 
through  Amboy,  this  town,  and  thence  t« 
Bordentown. 

Cranberry  Ijlands,  on  tlie  COJiH:  of  the 
diftrici  of  Maine.  Sec  Mjuni  Defert  IJl- 
and. 

Crmney^z.  fniall  iOand,  or*  the   S  fide  of 

Jasoe* 


CRE 


CRiS 


jPftmes  river,  ia  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of 
Elizabeth  river,  and  5  miles  S  W  of  Fort 
George,  on  Point  Comfort.  It  commands 
the  entrance  of  both  rivers. 

Cranfton,  is  the  S  E  townfliip  of  Provi- 
xlence  co.  Rhode  Kland,  on  the  W  bank 
of  Providence  R.  5  miles  S  of  the  town  of 
Providence.  The  compatTt  part  of  the 
town  contains  50  or  60  houfes,  a  Baptifl: 
meeting  houle,  handfomc  fchool  houfe,  a 
dift'ilery,  and  a  number  of  law  and  grifl: 
mills,  and  is  called  Pawtuxet,  from  the 
river,  on  both  fides  of  whofe  mouth  it 
ftand^,  and  over  which  is  a  bridge,  con- 
necting the  two  parts  of  the  town.  It 
malces  a  pretty  appearance  as  yon  pafs  it 
on  the  river.  The  whole  townfliip  con- 
tains if^-14  inhabitants.  In  the  town  are 
iron  mines  funk,  to  a  great  depth,  the  wa- 
ter is  raifed  by  a  fleam  engine.  Two  offi- 
cers of  Cromwell's  army,  a  Mr.  Fenncr, 
and  Mr.  Scorte, fettled  in  this  town.  Their 
dcfcendants  are  numerous. 

Craven  Co.  in  Ncwbern  diflricft,  N.  Car- 
olina, is  bounded  N  by  Pitt,  and  S  by 
Carteret  and  Onflow  counties.  Its  chief 
town  is  Newbern.  It  cfjntains  7778  in- 
habitants, of  whom  2863  are  flaves. 

Cnivfor-l^  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  bound- 
ed N  by  Erie,  E  by  Warren,  and  S  E  by 
Venango,  it  is  watered  by  French  Creek, 
and  contains  670,320  acres,  and  2346 
people. 

Credai  River,  or  River  Credit,  in  U. 
Canada,  difcharges  itfelf  into  lake  Onta- 
rio, between  the  head  of  that  lake  and 
York,  in  the  MiiTafaga  territory.  It  is  a 
j^reat  refort  for  thefe  and  other  Indian 
tribes,  and  abounds  with  fifli. 

Cm  Indians,  The,  inhabit  W  of  little 
lake  Winnipeg,  around  fort  Dauphin,  in 
U.  Canada. 

':  Cree^rers  Toivr,  in  Frederick  co.  Ma- 
ryland, lies  on  the  W  (ide  of  Monococy 
R,  between  Owings'sand  Hunting  creeks, 
which  fall  into  that  river  ;  9  miles  foath- 
crly  of  Ermmtfburgh,  near  the  Pennfyl- 
vania  line,  and  about  ii  northerly  of 
Fredericlctown. 

Creehs,  confederated  nations  of  Indians. 
See  I^ufco(Tul);re.  In  addition  to  what  is 
faid  under  this  article,  the  following  is 
from  the  MS.  Journal  of  an  intelligent 
traveller.  .Coofa  river,  and  its  main 
branches,  form  the  weftern  line  of  fettle- 
ments  or  villages  of  the  Creeks,  but  their 
hunting  grounds  extend  20omile3  beyond, 
to  the  Tombigbee,  v/hich  is  the  dividing 
line  between  their  country  and  that  of  the 
ehaftawsi     The  {in.allcll;  of  their  towns 


have  from  20  to  30  houfes  in  them,  afi4 
fome  of  them  contain  from  150  to  200, 
that  are  wholly  compacft.  The  houfes 
(land  in  clufters  of  4,5, 6,  7,  and  8  togeth- 
er, irregularly  difl:ributed  up  and  dowa 
the  banks  of  the  rivers  or  fmall  ftreams. 
Each  clufter  of  houfes  contain  a  clan,  or 
family  of  relations,  v/ho  cat  and  hve  in 
common.  Each  town  has  a  public  fquare, 
hot  houfe  and  yard  near  the  centre  of  it, 
appropriated  to  various  public  ufes.  The 
following  are  the  names  of  the  principal 
towns  of  the  Upper  and  Lower  Creeks, 
that  have  public  fquares  ;  beginning  at 
the  head  of  the  Coofa  or  Coofa  Hatcha 
river,  viz.  Upper  Ufalas,  Abbacoochees, 
Natchez,  Coofas,  Oteetoocheenas,  Pine 
Catchas,  Pocuntullahafes,  Weeokees,  lit- 
tle Tallaffie,  Tufkeegees,  Coofadas,  Alaba- 
mas,  Tawafas,  Pawadlas,  Autobas,  Auho- 
ba,  Weelurapkees  Big,  V/eelumpkees  Lit- 
tle, Wacacoys,  Weckfoy,  Ochees.  The 
following  towns  are  in  the  central,  inland 
and  high  country,  between  the  Coofa  and 
Tallapoofee  rivers,  in  the  dlflricEt  called 
the  Hillabees,  viz.  Hillabces,  Killeegko, 
Oakchoys,  Slakagulgas,  and  Wacacoys. 
On  the  waters  of  the  Tallapoofee,  from 
the  head  of  the  river  downward,  the  fol- 
lowing, viz.  Tuckabatchee,  Tchafla,  To- 
tacaga,  N.  York,Chalaacpauley,  I^ogufpO' 
gus  Oakfuikee,  Ufala  Little, 'Ufal a  Big, 
Sogahatches,  Tuckaabatchces,  Big  Tallaf- 
fee,  or  half  way  houfe,  Clewaleys,  Coofa- 
hatches,  Coolamies,  Shawanefe  or  Sava- 
nas,  Kenhulka,  and  Muckelcfes.  The 
towns  of  the  Lower  Creeks,  beginning  on 
the  head  waters  of  the  Chattahoofee,  and 
fo  on  downwards  are  Chelu  Ninny,  Chat- 
tahoofee, Hohtatoga,  Cowetas,  Cuihtahs, 
Chalagatfcaor,  Broken  Arrow,  Euchees 
feverai,  Hitchatees  feveral,  Palachuolo, 
Chevv'ackala.  Befide  ao  towns  and  villages 
of  the  Little  and  Big  Chehaus,  low  down 
on  Flint  and  Chattahoofee  rivers.  From 
their  roving  and  unfteady  manner  of  liv- 
ing, it  is  impolllble  to  determine,  with 
much  precifion,  the  number  of  Indians 
that  compofe  the  Creek  nation.  Gen. 
M'GiUivray  elHmates  the  mimber  of  -^w^ 
men  to  be  between  5  and  6000,  exclufive 
of  the  Seminoles,  who  are  of  little  or  no 
account  in  war,  except  as  fmall  parties  of 
marauders,  acting  independent  of  the  gen- 
eral intereft:  of  th.c  others.  The  whole 
number  of  individuals  may  be  about  25  or 
26,000  fouls.  Every  town  and  village  has 
one  eftabliflied  white  trader  in  it,  and  gen- 
erally a  family  of  whites,  who  have  fled 
from  foma  part  of  the   frontiars.    They 

often 


CRE 


C  RO 


often,  to  have  revenge,and  to  obtain  plun- 
der that  may  be  taken,  ufe  their  influence 
io  fend  out  predatory  parties  againll  the 
Settlements  in  their  vicinity.    The  Creeks 
are  very  badly  armed  ;  having  few  rifles, 
and  are  moftly  armed  with  mufkets.     For 
near   40  years  paft,   the   Creek   Indians 
have  had  little  intercourfe  with  any  oth- 
er   foreigners,  but   thofe  of  the  Eiigliili 
nation.     Their  prejudice  in  favour  of  ev- 
ery thing  EngUfli,  has  been  carefully  kept 
aiive    by   tories  and  others   to  this   day.  1 
Moft  of  their  towns    have  now   in  their 
polfeflion,  Britifli  drums  with  the  arms  of 
the    nation,   and   other  emblems  painted 
on  them,  and  fome  of  their  fijuaws  pre- 
ferve  the  remnants  of  Britilh  flags.    They 
ftill  believe  that  "  The   Great  King  over 
the  water"  is  able  to  keep    the   whole 
world  in  fubjecV-ion.     The   laad   of  the 
country  Is  a  common  flock  ;  and  any  in- 
dividual may  remove  from  one  part  of  it 
to  another,   and  occupy  vacaat    ground 
where  he  can   find  it.     The   country  is  j 
naturally  divided  into  3  diftriifls,  viz-  the  [ 
Upper  Creeks,  Lower  and  Mi-ddie  Creeks,  1 
and  Scminoles.  The  upper diilricSl  includes  | 
all  the  waters  of  the  TallapooTee,  Coofa-  [ 
hatchee,  and  Alabama  rivers,  and  is  called  | 
the  Abbacoes.   The  Lower  or  Middle  dif-  j 
tricl  includes  all  the  waters  of  the  Chat-  | 
talroofee  and  Flint  rivers,  down  to   their 
jundlion,   and   although  occupied    by    a 
great    number     of    different  tribes,  the 
whole  are  called  Cowetaulgas,  or  Coweta 
people,  from  the  Cowetan  town  and  tribe, 
the  moft  warlike  and  ancient   of  any    in 
the  whole  nation.     The  Lower  or  South- 
ern diftricft,  takes  in  the  river  Appalachi- 
cola,  and  extends  to  the  point  of  E,  Flori- 
da, and  is  called  the  country  of  the  Semi-  I 
noles.  Agriculture  is  as  far  advanced  with  j 
the  Indians,   as  it   can  well    be,  without  , 
the  proper  implements  of  hufbandry,     A  j 
very  large   majority  of  the  nation  being  | 
devoted  to    hunting   in  winter,  and    to  j 
war  or  idlenefs  in  the  fummer,  cultivate  j 
but  fmall  parcels  of  ground,  barely  futll-  j 
cient  for  fubfiftence.     But  many  Individ-  j 
\ials,  (particularly  on  Flint  river,  anaong  I 
the  Chchaws,  who  poflcfs  numbers  of  ne-  | 
groes)  have  fenced  fields,   tolerably  well  ' 
cultivated  :  having  no  ploughs,  they  break  j 
lip  the  ground  with  hoes,  and  fcatter  the  ! 
fecdpromifcuoufly  over  the  ground  in  hills,  j 
hut  not  in  rows.     They  raife  horfcs,   cat-  j 
tie,  fowls,  and  hogs.     The   only    articles  ' 
they  manufad:ure  are  earthen   pots    and 
pans,    bafkets,   horfe  ropes     or    halters,  ; 
fmoaked    icalher,    black   marble    p'pei,  ' 
Yet.  h  O 


wooden  fpoons,  and  oil  from  acorns,  hick- 
ory nuts,  and  chefnuts. 

Creeks  Crojfing  Place,  on  TenefTee  river, 
is  about  40  miles  E  S  E  of  the  mouth  of 
Elk  R.  at  the  Mufcle  flioals,  and  36  S  W 
of  Nickajack,  in  the  Georgia  weftern  ter- 
ritory. 

Crcffirpjlurg,  a  poft  town  of  Alleghany  CO. 
Maryland,  5  miles  W  of  Cumberland.  It 
has  a  Methodifl  church  ;  155  miles  from 
Waflrington. 

Creivfvllle,  a  poft  town,  Goochland  co. 
Virgiiiia,  xi^  miles  from  Walliington. 

CV/j,  Big  and  Little.  Two  points  on  the 
N.  Shore  on  lake  Superior,E  of  iile  Grange, 
U.  Canada,  and  furrounded  by  i Hands  ; 
between  thefe  points  is  a  noted  and  fafe 
harbour. 

Croix,  St.  a  fmall  navigable  river  in  No- 
va Scotia,  which  runs  into  the  Avon,  or 
Pigiguit.     See  A-von. 

Croix,  St.  a  river  which  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  line  between  the  United 
States  and  the  Britiili  province  of  N. 
Brunfwick,  and  empties  into  PalTama- 
quoddy  bay. 

Crcix,  St.  a  river  in  the  N.  W.  territory, 
which  empties  into  the  MiiTifippi  from 
the  N  N  E  about  jo  miles  below  the  falls 
of  St.  Anthony. 

Croix,  St.  or  Sa/zta  Cruz,  an  iOand  in  the 
W.  Indies,  belonging  to  the  king  of  Den- 
mark, lying  about  5  leagues  S  E  of  St. 
Thomas,  and  as  far  E  by  S  of  Crab  ifland, 
v/hich  lies  on  the  E  end  of  Porto  Rico. 
It  is  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  8  where 
it  is  broadeft,  and  is  rather  unhealthy. 
It  is  faid  to  produce  30,000  or  40,000 
hhds.  of  fugar,  annually,  and  other  W. 
India  commodities  in  tolerable  plenty. 
It  is  in  a  high  ftate  of  cultivation,  and  has 
about  3000  white  inhabitants,  and  30,000 
flaves.  A  great  proportion  of  the  negroes 
of  this  illand  have  embraced  chriftianitv, 
under  the  Moravian  miiiionaries,  whofe 
influence  has  been  greatly  promotive  of 
the  profperity  of  this  iiland.  N  lat.  17 
50,  W  Ion.  64  30.     See  i)^;«//S  /F.  Zia'ies. 

Crocked  IJland.,  one  of  the  Bahama  or 
Lucayo  illands,  in  the  W.  Indies.  Tiit? 
middle  of  the  illand  hes  in  N.  lat.  23,  W 
Ion.  73  30. 

Crooked  Lake,  in  the  GenefTee  country, 
communicates  in  an  E  by  N  dircdlion 
with  Seneca  lake. 

Crooked  Lake,  one  of  the  chain  of  fmall 
lakes  which  connects  the  lake  of  the 
Woods  with  lake  Superior,  on  the  boun- 
dary line  between  theU.  States  and  Upper 
Canada,  reiuurkiible  for  it»  rugged  cUiJs, 

in 


CRO 


CRO 


in  cracks  of  wliic'i  are  a  number  of  ar- 
rows flicking. 

Crocked  R.  m  Camden  co.  Georgia,  emp- 
ties into  the  fea  oppofite  Cumberland  iil- 
and,  12  or  14  miJes  N  from  the  mouth 
of  St.  Mary's.  Its  banks  are  well  timber- 
ed, and  its  courft  is  E  by  N. 

Cr.',:'ksd  R.  a  ftream  about  40  miles  in 
length,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine.  Its 
fource  is  in  the  plantation  of  Oxford  or 
No.  5,  near  the  Ibutherly  line  of  Bethel 
in  York  co.  a«d  palfes  an  irregular  N  eaft- 
erly  courfe  through  Oxford.  Waierford, 
the  S  weflerly  corner  of  Norway,  and 
through  Otisiield  and  the  S  wefterly  cor- 
ner of  Raymond,  where  It  is  joined  by  a 
finall  jflream  which  iilues  out  of  Brandy 
Pond,  lying  partly  in  Oti'>rield  and  partly 
m.  Raymond,  and  in  this  union  flow  into 
the  Great  Sebakook  pond.  In  this  ftrcam 
there  is  a  great  plenty  of  trout  of  an  un- 
common lize,  weighing  frcun  3  to  14 
lbs.  fome  have  been  caught  of  17  lbs- 
weight.  Walevtt. 

Crofs  Cape^  in  Upper  Can?.da,  projeAs 
from  the  N  E  fide  of  St.  Mary's  river,  at 
tiie  outlet  of  lake  Superior,  oppofite  the 
falls,  in  N  lat.  46  30,  W  Ion.  84  50. 

Crofs  Crecky  a  townfliip  in  Wailiington 
CO.  Pennfylvania, between  SmithandHopc- 
well  on  the  Virginia  line.  It  has  1677 
inhabitants. 

Crofs  Creeks.      See  Fuyettev'dle. 

Crrfi-  Keys,  a  pofltown  EfTex  co.  Virgin- 
ia, 220  miFes  from  Walhington. 

Crofs  Roads,  the  rrame  of  a  place  in  N. 
Carolina,  near  Duplin  court  houfe,  c?3 
miles  from  Sampfon  court  houfe,  and  23 
from  South  Wafliington. 

Cr(fs  Roads,  a  vil'age  in  Kent  co.  Mary- 
land, 2  miles  S  of  Georgetown,on  Saffafras 
R.  and  is  thus  named  from  4  roads  which 
iheet  and  crofs  each  other  in  the  village; 

Grofs  Roads,  a  vill.ige  in  chefter  co. 
N.  London  townfliip.  Pennfylvania, 
where  6  different  roads  meet.  It  is  27 
miles  S  E  of  Lancafter  ;  1 1  N  by  W  of 
Elkton,  in  Maryland,  and  about  18  W  N 
W  of  Wilmington  in  Delaware. 

Craffivicks,  a  village  in  Burlington  co. 
N»  Jerfey  ;  through  which  the  line  of 
ftages  paifes  from  N.  York  to  Philadel- 
phia. It  has  a  refpe^table  Quaker  meet- 
ing houfe;  4  miles  S  W  of  Allen  Town,  8 
S  E  of  Trenton,  and  14  S  W  of  EurUng- 
ton. 

Cretan  R.  a  N  eafiern  water  of  Hudfon 
R.  rifcs  in  the  town  of  New  Fairfield,  in 
ConncdUcut,and  running  ilirough  Duicli- 
cfs  CO.  empties  Into  Tappan  bay.     Croton 


bridge  is  thrown  over  tltis  river  3  mirc# 
from  its  mouth,  on  the  great  road  to  Al- 
bany. This  is  a  folid  fubftantial  bridge, 
1400  feet  long,  the  road  narrow,  piercing 
through  a  Date  hill.  It  is  fupported  by 
16  ftone  pillars.  Here  is  an  admirable 
view  of  Croton  falls,  where  the  M'atcr 
precipitates  itfclf  between  60  and  70  feet 
perpendicular  ;  high  flate  banks,  in  fome 
places  100  ftct  ;  the  river  fpreading  into 
three  ftreams,  as  it  enters  tJie  Hudfoji. 

Croiv  Creek,  falls  into  the  TcnelTcc,  frojrt 
the  N  W,  ojipofite  the  Crow  Town,  15 
miles  briow  Nickajack  Town. 

Crotvhrnd  ''toivufyp,  in  the  county  of 
Lincoln,  U.Canada,  lies  W  of  Willoughby, 
and  is  watered  by  the  Weliand. 

Croivn  Flint,  a  p(»ft:  town  in  EfPcx  eOs 
N.  York,  fo  called  from  the  celebrated 
fortrcfs,  which  is  in  it,  and  which  was  gar- 
nfoned  by  Britilli  troops,  from  the  time 
of  its  redudlion  by  Gen.  Amhcrft,  in  1759,. 
till  the  late  revolution.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Americans  the  i<th  of  May,  1775, 
and  retaken  by  the  Britifli  the  year  after. 
The  point  upon  which  it  was  erected,  by 
the  French  in  1731,  extends  N  into  lake 
Chnmplain.  It  was  calFed  Kruyn  Fuvt,  or 
Scalp  Foint,  by  the  Dutch,  and  by  the 
French,  Fohite  a  la  Cheveleurc  The  for- 
trefs  they  named  Fort  St.  Frederick.  Af- 
ter it  was  repaired  by  the  Britilh,  it  wa& 
the  mofl:  regular  and  expcnfive  of  any 
conflrucSVed  by  ihem  in  America.  The 
walls  are  of  wood  and  earth,  about  16 
feet  high,  and  about  20  feet  thick,  nearly 
130  yards  fqaare,  and  furrounded  by  .1. 
deep  and  broad  ditch,  dug  out  of  the  folid 
rock.  The  only  gate  opened  on  the  N, 
towards  the  lake,  where  was  a  draw  bridge 
and  a  covert  way,  to  fecure  a  communi- 
cation with  the  waters  of  tlie  lake,  in  cafe 
of  a  fiege.  On  the  right  and  left,  as  you 
cuter  the  fort,  is  a  row  of  ftone  barracks, 
not  inelegantly  built,  which  are  capable 
of  containing  icoo  troops.  There  were 
formerly  fcveral  out  works,  which  arc 
now  in  ruins,  as  is  indeed  the  cafe  with 
the  principal  fort,  except  the  walls  of  the 
barracks.  The  famous  fortification  called 
Ticonderoga  is  15  miles  S  of  this  ;  but 
that  fortrcfs  is  alfo  fo  much  demolifhed, 
that  a  ftranger  would  fcarcely  form  an 
idea  of  its  original  confVruclIon.  The 
town  of  Crown  Point  has  no  rivers;  si 
few  ftreams,  however,  iffue  from  the 
mountains,  which  anfwer  for  mills  and 
common  ufes.  In  the  mountains,  which 
extend  the  whole  length  of  lake  George, 
and  part  of  the  length  of  lake  Cbam^lain, 

are. 


CUB 


CUL 


'arc  plenty  of  moofe,  deer,  and  almoft  a!! 
the  other  inhabitants  of  the  forcft.  It 
contains  941  inhabitants.  I'he  fortiels 
lies  in  N  !at.  44  20,  W  Ion.  73  36. 

Crijivs  Meadozus,  a  rivcr  in  the  N  W 
territory,  which  runs  N  w-cftvvard  inlo 
Jllinois  R.  oppofite  to  which  are  fine 
aieadows.  Its  mouth  is  ao  yards  wide, 
and  240  miles  from  the  MifTuippi.  It  is 
navigable  between  15  and  18  miles. 

Ci-oylen^  a  townlliip  in  Cliclhire  CO.  N. 
Hanipfliire,  adjoining  Cornifli,  and  about 
18  miles  N  E  of  Charleftown.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1763.  In  1775,  it  contain- 
ed 143,  in  1790,  J37,  and  in  1800,  984 
inhabitants. 

Cruces,  a  town  of  T.  rra  Fir  ma,  S.  Amer- 
ica, 5  leagues  from  Panama,  and  lituaced 
on  Chagre  river. 

Cruz,  Santa,  a  confiderable  town  on  the 
N  coaft:  of  the  ifland.  of  Cuba,  about  30 
milts  E  by  N  of  the  Havapnah,  and  irj 
N  W  by  N  of  Cadiz.  Alio  the  chief  town 
of  Cuzumel  iOand.  1 

Crun:,  Santa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  or  New 
Spain,  about  75  miles  N  by  E  of  St.  Sai- 
vadore,  on  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  fit^i- 
ated  on  the  gulf  of  Dulce,  which  commu- 
nicates with  the  fea  of  Honduras. 

Crux.,  Santa,  De  la  Sierra,  a  government 
ard  generalfliip,  alio  a  jurlfdi^tion  and 
billiopriclc,  under  the  billiop  of  Charcas, 
00  leagues  E  of  Plata,  in  Peru. 

Cruz,  Santa,  an  illand  in  the  W.  Indies. 
See  St.  Croix. 

Cuba,  is  the  mofl  valuable  illand  of  all 
the  Spanifli  W.  Indies,  and  is  fituated  be- 
tween ao  and  23  30  N  lat.  and  between 
74  and  85  15  W  Ion.  ico  miles  S  of  Cape 
I'lorida,  and  75  N  of  Jamaica  ;  and  is 
nearly  700  miles  in  length,  and  generally 
about  70  in  breadth.  A  chain  of  hills 
runs  through  the  middle  of  the  ifland 
fiom  E  to  W,  but  the  land  near  the  fea  is 
in  general  level,  and  flooded  in  the  rainy 
fiiifon,  when  the  fun  is  vertical.  Tliis 
noble  ifland,  the  key  of  the  W.  Indies,  is 
rnppofed  to  have  the  befl:  foil,  for  fo  large 
a  country,  of  any  in  America,  and  con- 
tains 38,400  fquare  miles.  It  produces  all 
the  commodities  known  in  the  W.  Indies, 
particularly  ginger, long  pepper,  and  other 
i'piccs,  calTia,  fiftula,  maflick,  and  aloes. 
It  alfo  produces  tobacco  and  fugar  ;  but 
Jrom  tjie  want  of  hands,  and  the  lazintfs 
of  the  Spaniards,  it  docs  not  produce,  in- 
cluding all  its  commodities,  fo  much  for 
exportation  as  the  Imail  illrind  of  Antigua. 
Not  an  hundredth  part  of  the  ifland  is  yet 
flcared.   Tht  principal  part  of  the  planta- 


tions are  ©n  the  beautiful  plains  of  Savan- 
nah, and  arc  cultivated  by  about  25,000 
fiaves.  The  other  inhabitants  amount  to 
about  30,000.  The  courfe  of  the  rivers 
is  too  fhort  to  be  of  any  coni'cquence  to 
navigation;  but  there  arc  feveral  good 
harbours  in  the  ifland,  which  belong  to 
the  principal  towns,  as  the  Havannah, 
St.  Jago,  Santa  Cruz,  and  La  Trinidad. 
Befide  the  harbours  of  thcfc  towns  there 
is  Cumberland  harbour.  The  tobacco 
raifed  here  is  laid  to  have  a  more  delicate 
flavour  than  any  raifed  in  America. 
There  are  a  vafl  number  of  fmall  ifles 
round  this  noble  ifland,  the  channels  fep- 
arating  vvhicli,  as  well  as  the  rivers  in  the 
ifland,  abound  with  fifli.  There  are  more 
alligators  here  than  in  any  other  place  in 
the  Weft  Indies.  In  the  woods  are  fome 
very  valuable  trees,  particularly  cedars, 
I  fo  large,  it  is  laid,  that  canoes  made  of 
!  them  will  hold  50  men.  Birds  there  are 
in  great  variety,  and  in  number  more 
'  than  in  any  of  the  other  iflands.  'I'his 
;  ifland  was  dil'covered  by  the  famous 
j  Chriftopber  Columbus,  in  149a.  It  was 
I  taken  poffcirion  of  by  the  Spaniards  in 
1511,  aixl  they  loon  exterminated  the 
mild  and  peaceable  natives,  to  the  amount 
of  500,000.  The  hills  are  rich  in  mines, 
and  in  fome  of  the  rivers  there  is  gold 
dufl.  The  copper  mines  only  are  worked, 
which  arc  in  the  ealtern  part  of  the  ifland. 
Here  are  alfo  fountains  of  bitumen. 

Ciiiagua,  an  ifland  of  America,  fituated 
between  that  of  Margaretta  and  Terra 
Firma,  fubjcc^  to  Sp.'in,  and  is  about  8 
miles  long.  There  are  a  number  of  pearls 
got  here,  but  not  of  the  largeft  fizc.  N 
lat.  10  15,  W.  Ion.  54  30. 

Cuenca,  Or  Bamha.  a  city  and  confidera- 
ble jurifditStion  in  the  province  of  Q^iiio, 
in  Peru,  under  the  toirid  zone;  lying  in 
^5  3  49  S  lat.  Tiie  town  is  coniptitcd  to 
contain  26,000  people  ;  and  the  weaving 
of  baize,  cottons,  &c.  is  carritd  on  by  the 
women,  the  men  being  averfe  to  labour, 
and  prone  to  all  manner  of  profligacy.  It 
is  fit^iattd  on  the  river  Curaray,  or  St. 
Jago  ;  wliich,  after  many  windings  frt)m 
W  to  E,  falls  at  iafl  into  the  rivcr  Ama- 
zon. The  town  flands  at  the  foot  of  the 
Cordillera  mountains.  It  has  tv/o  con- 
vents, and  lies  about  r  70  miles  S  of  Q^iiito. 
Ciii^yte,  a  river  in  the  ifl;ind  of  Cuba,. 
which  abounds  with  ailigniors. 

Culiacaii,  a  provijice  of  Guadalajara,  in 

the  audience  of  New  Galici;t,  in  Mexico 

or  New  Spain.     It  has  Cinaloa  on  the  N, 

New  Bifcay  and  the  Zacatecas  on  the  E, 

Chiamctlan 


eu  M 


CUM 


Chiameclan  on  the  S,  and  the  gulf  of  Cal- 
ifornia on  the  W.  It  is  60  or  70  leagues 
long  and  50  broad.  It  abounds  with  all 
forts  of  fruit.  The  great  river  La  Sal  in 
this  country  is  well  inhabited  on  each  fide. 
According  to  Danipier,  it  is  a  fait  lake,  cr 
bay,  in  which  is  good  anchorage,  though 
it  has  a  narrow  entrance,  and  runs  iz 
leagues  E,  and  parallel  with  the  fliore. 
There  are  fcveral  Spanifli  farms,  and  fait 
ponds  about  '\i ;  and  5  leagues  from  it  are 
two  rich  mine;?,  worked  by  flavcs  belong- 
ing to  the  citizens  of  Compoftella.  Here 
alfo  is  another  great  river,  whofe  banks 
are  full  of  woods  and  paftures.  On  this 
river,  Guzman,  who  difcovcred  the  coun- 
try, built  a  town,  which  he  called  Si.  Mi- 
chad.,  which  fee. 

Cu!pe{)pcr,  a  county  in  Virginia,  between 
the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  tide  waters.  The 
court  houfe  of  this  county  is  45  miles  from 
Frederickfburg,  and  95  from  Charlottel- 
vill-e.  It  is  60  miles  in  length,  and  30  in 
its  greateft  breadth.  I'hough  in  fome 
parts  the  lands  are  poor,  and  covered  with 
pine,  they  are  generally  cultivated  and 
fertile,  producing  wheat,  tobacco,  flax, 
and  potatoes.  In  fome  parts  are  rich 
meadows  covered  with  timothy  and  clo- 
ver. There  are  mineral  fprings  eflricacio,us 
in  removing  bilious  and  fcorbutic  com- 
plaints. It  contains  10,752  free  people, 
and  about  7348  flaves.  Chief  town,  Fair- 
fax. 

Culpepper,  a  pofi  town  in  the  above 
CO.  76  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Cti77taria,  or  Comajia,  the  capital  of  New 
Andalufia,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America.  It  fomctimes  gives  its  name  to 
the  province.  The  Spaniards  built  this 
city  in  i  j  iO,  and  it  is  defended  by  a  llrcmg 
caftle.  This  town,  fays  Dampier,  (lands 
near  the  mouth  of  a  great  lake,  or  branch 
of  the  fea, called Laguna  de  Carriaco, about 
which  arc  feveral  rich  towns  ;  but  its 
mouth  is  fo  fliallow  that  no  fliips  of  bur- 
den can  enter  it.  It  is  fituated  3  leagues 
S  of  the  North  Sea,  and  to  the  S  W  of 
Margaretta,  in  about  10  20  N  lat,  apd  in 
64  20  W  Ion. 

Cumanagate,  a  fmall  town  in  a  bay  on 
the  coaft  of  Terra  Firma,  in  the  province 


)f  Cuniana  or  Andalufi 


It  is  fituated 


on  a  low  flat  fhore,  which  abounds  with 
pearl  oyflers. 

Cumherlitndf  a  harbour  in  the  ifland  of 
Juan  Fcinandes. 

Curihrrland,  a  harboUT  on  the  S  K  part 
#1?  the  ifiand  of  Cuba, and  one  of  the  fined 
in  the  W.  liiilicf,  capable  oi  fhtltcrin;^  any 


number  of  fliips.  N  lat.  20  30,  W  Ion, 
76  so.  It  is  ao  leagues  E  from  St.  Jaga 
de  Cuba. 

Citmberlandy  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Camden  co.  Georgia,  between  Prince 
William's  found  at  the  S  end,  and  the 
mouth  of  Great  Satiila  R  at  its  N  end, 
and  20  miles  S  of  the  town  of  Frederica. 
Before  the  revolution  there  were  two 
forts,  galled  William  and  St.  Andrews,  oa 
this  ifland.  The  former,  at  the  S  end, 
commanded  the  inlet  of  Amelia's  found, 
was  ffrongly  pailifadoed  and  defouled  by 
8  pieces  of  cannon,  and  had  barracks  for 
2CO  men,  ftorehoufcs,  ^c.  within  the 
pallifadoes  were  fine  fprings  of  water. 

Cumberland.,  a  harbour  on  the  E  fide  of 
Wafliington's  ilics,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  A'nerica.  It  lies  S  of  Skitikifs,  and  N 
of  Cummafli^waa. 

Cumberland.,  a  bay  in  the  moff  norther^ 
p.nrt  of  America  ;  its  mouth  lies  under  the 
polar  circle,  and  runs  to  the  N  W  and  W, 
and  is  thought  to  communicate  with  Baf- 
fin's bay  on  the  N. 

Cumberland  Houfe.,  one  of  the  Iludlbn 
bay  company's  factories,  is  fituated  ia 
New  South  Wales  in  N  America,  158 
miles  E  N  E  of  Hudfon's  houfe,  on  the  SI 
fide  of  Pine  lilaud  lake.  N  lat.  $2>  .S^  41, 
W  Ion.  102  13.      See  Neffon  ri'vcr. 

Ci!t7ibcrland,  a  foxt  ill  N.  Bfunfwick,  fit-, 
uatcd  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Fuiidy, 
on  the  E  fide  of  its  northern  branch.  It 
is  capable  of  accommodating  300  men. 

Cumberland,  a  county  of  N.  Bruufwick, 
which  comprehends  the  lands  at  the  head 
of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  on  the  bafon  called 
Chebetflpn,  and  the  rivers  which  empty 
into  it.  It  has  feyeral  townfliips  ;  thofe 
which  are  fettled  arc  Cumberland,  Sack- 
ville,  Amherlt,  Hiltfborough,  and  Hope- 
well. It  is  watered  by  the  rivers  Au  Lac, 
Miffiquafli,  Napan,  Macon,  Memram- 
cook,  Petcoudia,  Chepodie,  and  Herbert. 
The  th.ree  firfi  rivers  are  navigable  3  or  4 
miles  for  vefllls  of  5  tons.  The  Napan 
and  Macon  are  flioal  rivers. ;  the  Herbert 
is  navigable  to  its  head,  12  miles, in  boats  ; 
the  others  are  navigable  4  or  5  miles. 

Cumberland,  a  town  of  N.  Brunfwick,  in 
the  county  of  its  own  name.  Here  are 
(oal  mines. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  ?vTaine,  lies  E  of  York, 
Kennebeck  co.  has  tlic  Atlantic  ocean  oi> 
the  S,  and  Canada  on  the  N.  Its  fea  coafl, 
formed  into  niunerous  bays  ard  lined  w'itl\ 
a  multitude  of  fruitful  idands,  is  nearly  40 
miles  in  extent  in  a  ftraight  line.  Saco 
river,  which  runs  S  eafterly  into  ike  Gcean, 


CUM 


CUM 


is  tlie  dividing  line  between  this  county 
and  York  on  the  S  W.  Cape  Etfeabeth 
and  Cafco  bay  are  in  this  county.  Cum- 
berland is  divided  into  2,7  townll;ips,  of 
which  Portland  is  tlte  chief.  It  contains 
37,921  inhabitants. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  bounded 
6  by  Delaware  bay,  N  by  Gloucefter  co. 
5  E  by  Cape  May,  and  W  by  Salem  co. 
It  is  divided  into  7  towafliips,  of  which 
Fairfield  and  Greenwich  arc  the  chief; 
and  contains  95^9  inhabitants,  of  whom 
75  arc  flaves. 

Cumberland,  the  N  eafternmoft  townfliip 
of  the  flate  of  Rhode  Ifland,  Providence 
CO.  It  contains  2056  inhabitants.  In  this 
town  is  Diamond  hill.  A  Mr.  Blackflone, 
of  curious  memory,  was  one  of  the  iirft 
fettlers  of  this  town. 

Cumberland Co.\n  Pennfylvania,is  bound- 
ed N  and  N  W  by  Mifflin  ;  E  and  N  E 
by  Sufquchanna  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Dauphin  ;  S  by  York,  and  S  Wby  Frank- 
lin CO.  It  is  47  miles  in  length,  and  42 
in  breadth,  and  has  15  townfliips,  of 
which  Carllfle  is  the  chief.  The  county 
is  generally  mountainous  ;  but  between 
North  and  South  mountain,  on  each  fide 
(of  Conedogwinet  creek,  there  is  an  exten- 
five,  rich,  aad  well  cultivated  valley.  It 
(Contains  25,386  inhabitants. 

Cumbcrland,twoio\\'ns  in  Green  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  which  have  i'277  inhabitants. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Fayette  diftricb,  N. 
Carolina,  contains  7608  inhabitants,  of 
whom  2007  are  flaves.  Chief  tovvu,Fay- 
etteville. 

Cumberland,  a  towndiip  of  the  above  CO. 
in  N.  Carolina. 

Cumberland,  a  poft  town,  and  the  chief 
fownfliip  of  Alleghany  co.  Maryland,  lies 
on  the  N  bank  of  a  great  bend  of  Potcw- 
mack  R.  and  on  botli  fides  of  the  mouth 
of  Will's  creek.  It  is  148  miles  W  by  N 
of  Baltimore,  109  mcafured  miles  above 
Georgetown,  and  about  105  N  W  of 
Wafliington  city.  Fort  Cumberland  ftood 
formerly  at  the  W  fide  of  the  mouth  of 
Will's  creek.  It  contains  about  100 
houfes,  a  court  houfe,  ^  gaol,  market 
houfe,  and  3  churches,  one  for  Roman 
Catholics,  one  for  Methodifts,  and  one 
for  Gcrmaq  Lpthcrans.  Lat.  39  37  InF, 
Jon.  3  44  W. 

Cumberland  Co.  in  Virginia,  on  the  N  fide 
of  Appainatox  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Prince  Edward.  It  is  20  miles  long 
and  ij  broad,  and  contains  4127  inhab- 
itants, I'he  court  houfe,  wliere  is  a  poft 
pffice,  ii^  28  miles  from  Powhat^^n  court 


houfe,  52  from  Richmond,  and  583  from 
Philadelphia. 

Cu?nberland  Mountain^  occupies  a  part  of 
the  uninhabited  country  of  the  ftatc  of 
TenelTee,  between  the  diflridVs  of  Wafh- 
ington  and  Hamilton  and  Mcro  diftritSb; 
and  between  the  two  firfl:  named  diftridls 
and  the  ftate  of  Kentucky  ;  the  N  cafterly 
part  of  the  ridge  being  the  dividing  line 
lictween  Kentucky  and  Virginia.  The 
ridge  is  generally  about  30  miles  broad, 
and  extends  from  Crow  creek,  on  Tencfi'ee 
R.  from  S  W  to  N  E.  In  TenelTee  it  en- 
larges in  width  to  50  miles,  and  with  fo 
level  a  furface  it  may  be  called  the  high 
lands.  The  place  where  the  Ttuclitc 
breaks  through  the  Great  Ridge,  called 
the  IVLirl  or  Suck,  is  250  miles  above  the 
Mufcle  flioals.  Limeflone  is  found  on 
both  fides  the  mountain.  The  mountain 
c<mfift$  of  the  mod:  ftupendous  piles  of 
craggy  rocks  of  any  mountain  in  the  wtft- 
ern  country.  In  fevcral  parts  of  it,  it  is 
inacceflible  for  miles,  even  to  the  Indians 
on  foot.  In  one  place,  particularly,  near 
the  fummit  of  the  mountain,  there  is  a 
mofl:  remarkable  ledge  of  rocks  of  about 
30  miles  in  length,  and  200  feet  thick, 
fliewing  a  perpendicular  face  to  the  S  E. 

CumberlarJ  R.  called  by  the  Indians 
"  Shawancc,"  and  by  the  French  "  Shava- 
non,"  falls  into  the  Ohio  10  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Teneflee  R.  and  about  24 
miles  due  E  from  fort  Malfac,  and  IH3 
below  Pittfourg.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
veflels  to  Nailiville  in  Tencifee,  and  from 
thence  to  the  mouth  of  Obed's  or  Obas  R. 
The  Caney  fork,  which  is  100  yards  wide, 
joins  it  120  miles  above  Nailivilic,  Har- 
peth,  Stones,  Red,  and  Obed's,  arc  its 
chief  branches  ;  fome  of  them  are  navi- 
gable to  a  great  diflance.  The  Cumber- 
land mountains  in  Virginia  ieparate  the 
head  waters  of  this  river  from  thofe  of 
Clinch  R.  It  runs  S  W  till  it  comes  near 
the  S  line  of  Kentucky,  when  its  courfe  is 
weflcrly,  in  general,  through  Lincoln  co. 
receiving  many  ftreams  from  each  fide  ; 
thence  ic  flows  S  W  into  the  ftate  of  'Vtw- 
efl'ee,  where  it  takes  a  winding  courfe, 
inclofing  Sumner,  Davidfon,  and  Tcntllcc 
counties ;  afterwards  it  takes  a  N  wcflcrn 
dire<5tion  and  re-enters  the  ftate  of  Ken- 
tucky ;  and  from  thence  it  prefcrves  near- 
ly an  uniform  diftance  from  'Fcncfiec  R, 
to  its  moutlij  where  it  is  300  yards  wide. 
It  is  200  yards  broad  at  NaOivillc.  From 
the  falls  in  Kentucky  to  the  place  wluic 
it  crofies  the  line  into  Tcnclfce,  is  moie 
than«icc  miles,  thence  to  Nalliville  is  200, 

thence 


CUR 


CUR 


tV.ence  to  the  Ohio  is  300,  It  is  there- 
fore navigable  without  interruption  more 
than  500  miles.  In  pafTing  through  jMcro 
diftri(5t:,  its  meanders  form  feveral  peniu- 
fiilas,  14  or  15  miles  round,  and  about 
one  acrofs  the  inhmus. 

CumbsrlandRi-ver,  a  place  fo  called ,  where 
a  port  office  is  kept,  in  "i'cnciTee,  13  miles 
from  Cumberland  mountain,  and  So  from 
the  Crab  Orchai'd  in  Kentucky. 

Cumberland,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 3048  inhabitants,  of  whom  236 
are  flaves. 

Cumberland  Gap,  Claiborne  co.TeneiTee, 
lias  a  poft  ofScc,  528  miles  W  of  Wafli- 
ington. 

Cumberland  Toiunjhip^  In  U.  Canada,  lies 
partly  in  the  county  of  Stormont,  and 
partly  in  Dundas,  and  is  the  fixth  town- 
£hip  in  afccnding  the  Ottawa  river. 

Cinamefl-.aivasi  or  CurrKtaJba'waa,  a  foumi 
and  village  on  the  E  fide  of  Wafliington 
illand,  on  the  N  W  coafl  of  N.America. 
The  port  is  capacious  and  fafe,  and  its 
mouth  lies  in  53  a  30  N  lat.  and  in  1-38 
h%W  Ion.  In  this  port  Capt.  Ingraham 
remained  fome  time  ;  and  he  obferves,  in 
'his  journal,  that  here,  in  dired:  oppolttion 
to  moll  other  parts  of  the  world,  the 
women  maintained  a  precedency  to  the 
men  in  every  point ;  infomuch  that  a  man 
dares  not  trade  without  the  concurrence 
of  his  wife  ;  and  that  he  has  often  been 
witnefs  to  men's  being  abufed  for  parting 
•with  fkins  before  their  approbation  was 
obtained  :  and  this  precedency  often  oc- 
cafioncd  much  difturbance. 

Cr/mffTtfigim,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhire 
CO.  Mafiachufctts,  having  985  inhabitants  ; 
lying  about  20  miles  N  W  of  Northampton. 

Cunningham's  JJland,  in  Upper  Canada,  is 
Htuated  at  the  W  end  «*f  lake  Erie,  S 
wefterly  of  the  Bafs  iflands,  and  foutheriy 
cf  Ship  idand. 

CuraJJou^  Ci'.raqoa,  or  Querifoa,  an  ifland 
in  the  Weft  Indies,  belonging  to  the  Dutch. 
It  is  fituated  in  12  degrees  N  lat.  9  or  10 
leagues  from  the  continent  of  Terra  Firma, 
is  30  miles  long,  and  10  broad.  It  feems 
as  if  it  were  fated,  that  the  ingenuity  and 
patience  of  the  Hollanders  lliould  every 
where,  both  in  Europe  and  America,  be 
employed  in  fighting  againlt  an  unfriendly 
nature  ;  for  the  illand  is  not  only  barrt'n, 
and  dependent  on  the  rains  for  its  water, 
but  the  harbour  is  naturally  one  of  the 
worft  in  America  ;  yet  the  Dutch  have  en- 
tirely remedied  that  defect ;  they  have  up- 
on this  harbour  one  of  the  largcft,  and  by 
far  the  moft  elegant  and  clear.ly  towns  in 


the  Weft  Indies.  The  public  buiIdiK»» 
are  numerous  and  handfome  ;  the  private 
houfes  commodious  ;  and  the  magazines 
large,  convenient,  and  well  filled.  All 
kind  of  labour  is  here  performed  by  en- 
gines ;  fome  of  them  fo  well  contrived, 
that  llaips  are  at  once  lifted  into  tlie  dock. 
Though  this  ifland  is  naturally  barren,  the 
indulliy  of  the  Dutch  has  brought  it  to 
produce  a  confiderabie  quantity  both  of 
tobacco  and  fugar  ;  it  has  befide,  good  fait 
v.uirks,  for  the  produce  of  which  there  is  a 
brilk  demand  from  the  Englifh  iflands,  and 
the  colonies  on  the  continent.  But  what 
renders  this  ifland  of  moft  advantage  to 
the  Dutch,  is  tlie  contraband  trade  which 
is  carried  on  between  the  inhabitants  and 
the  Spaniards,  and  their  harbour  being  the 
rendezvous  to  all  nations  in  time  of  war. 
The  Dutch  fliips  from  Europe  touch  at 
this  ifland  for  intelligence,  or  pilots,  and 
then  proceed  to  the  Spanilh  coafts  for 
trade,  which  they  force  with  a  ftrong  hand, 
it  being  very  diflScult  for  the  Spanilh 
guarda  coftas  to  take  thefe  veflels  ;  for 
they  are  not  only  ftout  fliips,  with  a  num- 
ber of  guns,  but  are  manned  with  large 
crev/s  of  chofen  feamen,  deeply  interefted 
in  the  fafety  of  the  veilel  and  the  fuccefs 
of  the  voyage  They  have  each  a  fliare 
in  the  cargo,  of  a  value  proportioned  to 
the  ftation  of  the  owner,  fupphed  by  the 
merchants  upon  credit,  and  at  prime  coft. 
This  animates  them  with  an  uncommon 
courage,  and  they  fight  bravely,  becaufe 
every  man  fights  in  defence  of  his  own 
property.  Befide  this,  there  is  a  conftant 
intercourfe  between  this  ifland  and  the 
Spanifli  continent.  CuralTou  has  nume- 
rous wart  houfes,  always  full- of  the  com- 
modities of  Europe  and  the  Eafl:  Indies. 
Here  are  all  forts  of  woollen  and  linen 
cloth.  Laces,  filks,  ribbands,  iron  utenfils, 
naval  and    military   ftores,    brandy,  the 

I  fpices  of  the  moluccas,  and  the  caficoes  of 
India,  white  and  painted.  Hither  the 
Dutch  Weft  hidia,  which  is  alfo  their  Af- 
rican company,  annually  bring  three  or 
four  cargoes  of  flaves ;  and  to  this  mart  the 
Spaniards  themfclves  come  in  fmall  vcficls, 
and  carry  oft" not  only  the  beft  of  the  ne- 
groes, at  a  very  high  price,  but  great  quan- 
tities of  all  the  above  forts  of  goods  ;  and 
the   feller  has    this  advantage,   that   the 

I  refufe  of  warehoufes  and  mercen'  fnojjs, 
and  every  thing  that  is  grown  unfalliioji- 
able  and  unialeable  in  tlurope,  go  oiFhere 
extremely  well  ;  every  thing  being  fufn- 
ciently  recommended  bv  its  being  Euro- 
pean. The  Spaaiards  pay  in  gcid  or  fiiver. 


CVS 


cus 


coined  of-  in  bars,  cocoa,  vanilla,  jefuits 
bai-k,  cochineal,  and  other  valuable  com- 
modities. The  trade  of  CurafTou,  even  in 
times  of  peace,  is  faid  to  be  annually  worth 
to  the  Dutch,  no  leis  than  ^^.500,000 ; 
but  in  time  of  war  the  protit  is  ftiil  greater, 
for  then  it  becomes  the  common  emporium 
of  the  Wefi  Indies  ;  it  afFoi'ds  a  retreat  to 
fliips  of  all  nations,  and  at  tlie  fame  time 
refufes  none  of  them  arms  and  ammunition 
to  deilroy  one  another.  The  irtercourfe 
with  Spain  beirig  then  interrupted,  the 
Spaniih  colonies  have  fcarcely  any  other 
market  from  whence  they  can  be  well 
fuppHed  either  with  fiaves  or  goods.  The 
French  come  hither  to  buy  the  beef,  pork, 
corn,  flour,  and  lumber,  Vv'hich  are  brought 
from  the  continent  of  N.  America,  or  ex- 
ported from  Ireland  ;  fo  that,  whether  in 
peace  or  in  war,  the  trade  of  this  iiland 
flouri flies  extremely.  The  Dutch  took 
this  ifland  from  the  Spaniards  in  163a. 

Curiaco,  a  i)ay  in  Terra  Firma,  S.  Amer- 
i-ca,  on  the  N.  Sea. 

Currituck  Co.  is  fituatcd  on  the  fea  coaft 
©f  Edenton  difl;ri<5l,  N-  Carolina,  and  form* 
the  N  E  corner  of  the  flate  ;  being  bound- 
ed E  by  Currituck  found,  N  by  the  flate 
of  Virginia,  S  by  Albemarle  found,  and 
W  by  Camden  co.  containing  69x8  inhab- 
itants, of  whom  1530  are  Haves.  Difmal 
fwamp  lies  in  this  county,  on  the  3  fide 
of  Albemarle  found,  and  is  now  fuppofcd 
to  contain  one  of  the  moft  valuable  rice 
eflates  in  America.  In  the  mid  ft  of  this 
Difmal,  which  contains  upwards  of 
350,000  acres,  is  a  lake  of  about  11  miles 
long  and  7  miles  broad.  A  navigable  ca- 
nal, ^o  feet  wide,  and  5^  miles  long,  con- 
nects the  waters  of  the  lake  with  the  head 
of  Skuppernong  river.  About  500  yards 
from  the  lake,  the  proprietors  have  erect- 
ed feveral  faw  mills  :  and  as  the  water  of 
the  lake  is  higher  than  the  banks  of  the 
canal,  the  company  can  at  any  time  lay 
under  water  about  ic,ooo  acres  of  rich 
fwamp,  which  prove^^  admirably  fitted  for 
rice.  For  an  account  of  the  other  Dif- 
mal, fee  Great  Difmal. 

Curritucly  or  Carutunk^  a  fettlement  in 
Maine,  28  miles  above  Norridgewalk. 
In  1792,  this  was  the  uppermofl:  fettle- 
ment on  Kennebeck  river,  and  then  con- 
fiftcd  of  about  20  families,  in  i8coof  136 
inhabitants. 

CtffcQ,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Peru- 
vian empire,  in  S.  America,  is  (ituated  in 
the  mountainous  country  of  Peru,  in  12 
%S  S  bt.  and  70  W  Ion.  and  has  long  been 
•H  the  decline.     It  is  yet  a  very  c^)uUder- 


able  place,  having  about  20,000  inhabit- 
ants. This  famous  city  was  founded  by 
the  firft  Ynca,  or  Inca  Mango,  as  the  feat 
and  capital  of  his  empire.  Tlie  Span- 
iards, under  Don  Francifco  Pizarrcs  en- 
tered and  took  polltffion  of  it  in  the  year 
1534.  On  a  mountain  contiguous  to  the 
N  part  of  the  city,  are  the  ruins  of  the 
famous  fort  and  palace  of  the  Yncas,  the 
ftones  of  which  are  of  an  enormous  mag- 
nitude. Three  fourths  of  the  inliabitant* 
are  Indians,  who  are  very  induflrious  in 
manufa(5luriiig  baize,  cotton  and  leather. 
They  have  alfo  here,  as  well  ^s  at  Quito, 
a  taflc  for  painting  ;  fome  of  their  per- 
formances have  btcn  admired  even  in  Ita- 
ly, and  are  difperftd  all  over  S.  America. 

Cxjfootvilla,  in  E.  Florida,  is  the  capital 
of  the  Alachua  tribe  of  Indians,  and  (land* 
in  the  moft  pleafant  lituation  that  could 
be  defircd  in  an  inland  country  ;  upon  % 
high,  fwcUing  ndge  of  fand  hills,  within 
300  or  40  yards  of  a  large  and  beautiful 
lake,  abounding  with  fifn  and  wild  fowl. 
The  lake  is  terminated  on  one  fide  by  ex- 
tcnfive  forefts,  confifting  of  orange  groves, 
overtopped  with  grand  magnolias,  palms, 
poplar,  tilia,  live  oaks,  &c.  on  the  other 
fide  by  extenfive  green  plains  and  mead- 
ows. The  town  conftfts  of  30  habitations, 
each  of  which  confifls  of  2  houfes,  nearly 
of  the  fame  fize,  large  and  convenient, 
and  covered  clofe  with  the  bark  of  the 
cyprefs  tree.  Each  has  a  little  garden 
fpot,  containing  corn,  beans,  tobacco,  and 
other  vegetables.  In  the  great  Alachua 
Aivanna,  about  2  miles  diitant,  is  an  in- 
clofed  plantation,  which  is  worked  and 
tended  by  the  whole  community,  yet 
every  family  has  its  particular  part.  Each 
family  gathers  and  depofiis  in  its  granary- 
its  proper  fhare,  fetting  apart  a  fmall  con- 
tribution for  the  public  granary,  whick 
ftands  in  the  midftofthe  plantation. 

Cujhr.i,  a  fmall  river  which  empties  info 
Albemarle  found,  between  Chowan  and 
the  Roanoke,  in  N.  Carolina. 

C:!jbe*unk  Mountainsy  in  Hunterdon  CO. 
N.  Jcrfey. 

Cujlinv^-x  townfhip  in  Lincoln  co.Maine» 
feparated  froni  Warren  andThomaftown 
by  St.  George's  R.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1789,  contains  1415  inhabitants,  and 
lies  a  16  miles  E  by  N  of  Boflcn.  The 
E  part  of  this  town  is  now  St,  Georges  ; 
2S  miles  S  E  of  Wifcaffett. 

d/Jl-ns,  a  fmall  river  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  which  runs  a  S  E  courfc  to  Cafco 
b.iy,  between  the  towns  of  Frecport  and 
North  Yarmouth. 

c*,j;taiy 


DAN 


DAN 


Cnjfiiahy  an  Indian  town  in  the  weftern 
part  of  Georgia,!  z  miles  above  the  Broken 
Arrow,  on  Cattalioofee  river. 

Ciittiihunk,  one  of  the  Elizabeth  IJlands, 
^\'hich  fee. 

Ctttts  Ijland,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coafl 
of  York  CO.  Maine.     See  Ncddock  R.  Cape. 

Cuzcatlaiu  See  Si.  Sebaftan  R.  in  New 
Spain. 

Cuzumely  an  ifland  in  the  province  of 
Yuc'itan,  and  audience  of  Mexico,  fituat- 
cd  in  the  bay  of  Honduras;  15  leagues 
long,  and  5  broad  ;  its  principal  tdwn  is 
Santa  Cruz.     N  lat.  19,  Ion.  87. 

Cuya^  or  Cutio,  a  provmce  of  Cbiii,  in  S. 
America,  and  in  the  government  of  Santa 
Cruz,  in  the  Sierra*  The  principal  com- 
modities are  honey  and  wax.  The  chief 
town  is  St,  John  de  Fronticra. 

Cyprus  S-cvamp,  in  Delaware  ftate.  See 
J/iJian  river. 


D. 


D 


KdGSBOROUGH,  a  pcfl  town  in  Suf- 
fcx  CO.  Delaware,  on  the  N  \V  bank  of 
Peper's  creek,  a  branch  of  Indian  river, 
ai>d  contains  about  40  houfes.  It  i,s  19 
Bfiiles  from  Broad  hill,  or  Clowes',  and 
127  S  from  Philadelphia. 

Daliony-A  line  towniliip  in  Berkfliire  co. 
Mailachufctts,  having  Pittsfield  on  the 
W,  and  contains  859  inhabitants.  The 
fiage  road  from  Boflon  to  Albany,  runs 
through  it.  Dalton  was  incorporated  in 
1784,  and  lies  135  miles  W  by  N  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  about  t^^  the  fame  courfe,  from 
Northampton. 

Dalton,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  firfl  called  Apthorpc,  was  in- 
corporated in  1784,  and  has  6z  inhabit- 
tanls.  It  lies  on  the  E  bank  of  Connec- 
ticut R.  at  the  15  mile  falls,  oppoftte 
Coocord,  in  EfTex  co.  Vermont. 

Da-merifcntta  Bay,  Rkrer,  and  Pond,  in 
Maine.  The  Bay  communicates  with 
Townfcnd  harbour,  or  Booth  bay  ;  the 
i?/wr,  which  is  navigable  15  miles,  and  on 
•which  are  a  number  of  mills,  is  fliort, 
parallel  with  Sheepfcot  river,  E  of  it,  and 
divides  the  town  of  Booth  bay  from  Brif- 
tol,  and  rifes  in  Damerifcotta  pond,  which 
is  about  10  miles  long,  and  a  wide,  and 
ipreads  betv/cen  New  CaOle  and  Waldo- 
borough. 

Bafffpiers  Stra'rts,  are  l>etween  the  N  E 
point  of  New  Guinea,  and  the  S  W  point 
of  New  Britain.  S  lat.  6  15,  E  Ion.  from 
Paris,  146. 

Lufifd.  coufiucrablc  river  of  N.Carolina, 


which  unites  with  the  Staunton,  afid  form* 
the  Roanoke.  It  might  be  rendered  navp 
igable  with  a  fmall  expenfe,  100  mile» 
above  its  junclion  Avith  the  Staunton, 
The  famous  Bur  fled  hill  ftands  on  the 
bank  of  the  Dan,  in  Virginia,  near  the 
borders  of  N  Carolina.  It  appears  to 
have  been  an  ancient  volcano.  There  are 
large  rocks  of  the  lava,  or  melted  matter, 
from  icoo  to  1500  weight,  lying  on  the 
fummit  of  the  hill.  Tlie  crater  is  partly 
filled  and  covered  with  large  trees. 

Dana,  a  new  town  of  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufetts,  formed  from  the  corner* 
of  Greenwich,  in  Hampfliire  co.  and 
Hard  wick  and  Peterfliam  in  Worcefler  co. 

Danbiiry,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N,- 
Hampfliire,  containing  165  inhabitants. 

Danhury,  a  port,  town  in  tire  co.  of  Fair- 
field, in  Conn^dticut.  It  was  fettled  in 
1687,  and  the  compact  part  of  the  town 
contains  %  churches,  a  court  houfe,  and 
about  60  dwelling  houfes.  On  its  fmall 
ftreams  are  iron  works,  and  feveral  mills. 
Mr.  Lazarus  Beac-h  prefented  to  the 
mufeum  in  New  York  city,  a  quire  of 
paper,  made  of  the  afljeftos,  at  his  paper 
mill  in  Danbury,  March,  1792,  which  the 
hotteft  fire  would  not  confume.  It  lies 
about  70  miles  N  E  of  New  York  city,  and 
33  N  W  by  W  of  New  Haven.  This 
town,  with  a  large  quantity  of  mihtary 
ftores,  was  burnt  by  the  Eritifli  on  the 
a6th  of  AprH,  1777.  It  has  3180  inhab- 
itants. 

DanbyyZ.  poft  town  in  Rutland  co.  Ver- 
mont, E  of  Pawlet,  and  contains  1487  ia- 
habitant*,  32  miles  N  of  Bennington. 

Dattdrtdge,  fo  called  in  honor  of  the 
maiticn  name  of  Mrs.  Wafliington,  lady 
of  the  late  Prefidcnt  Wafliington  ;  a  port: 
and  county  town  of  the  co.  of  Jeiferfon, 
TenefTte  ;  ^6$  miles  W  of  Wafliington. 

Daniel,  Fort,  on  the  northern  lide  of 
Chalcur  bay,  is  a  commodious  harbour 
for  veffels  of  a  confiderable  draught  of 
water.  It  affords  a  cod  fifliery,  and  i* 
about  9  leagues  from  Pato,  W  N  W  of 
Cape  Defpair. 

Danijh  America.  In  the  W.  Indies  the 
Danes  poflefs  the  iflands  of  St.  Thomas, 
St.  Croix,  or  Santa  Cruz,  and  St.  John's; 
which  are  dcfcribed  under  their  I'cfpcc- 
tivc  names.  The  Danifli  policy,  in  refpeiTI: 
to  tlicir  idands,  is  wife,  and  deferving  of 
imitation.  Thefe  iHands  were  ill  man- 
aged, and  of  little  confcqucnce  to  the 
Danes,  whilit  in  the  hands  of  an  cxclufive 
company;  but  fince  the  late  king  bought 
up  the  company's  flock,  and  laid  the  tr.nde 

open. 


t>  A  H' 

'^\3cn,  the  iflands  have  been  greatly  im- 
"provecl.  Santa  Cruz,  a  perfetSt  defert  a 
few  years  fince,  has  been  brought  to  a 
high  (i'jitc  of  cultivation,  producing  annu- 
nlly  between  ^o  and  40,000  hhds.  of  fu- 
gar,  of  upwards  of  13  cwt.  each,  aiid  con- 
tains 3000  whites  and  30,000  negroes. 
By  an  cditSt  of  the  Dariifli  kirtg,  no  Haves 
are  t6  be  imported  iiito  his  iflands  after 
the  year  1802  ;  till  then,  their  importa- 
tion is  eiicoUragcd  by  a  law  operating  as 
a  bounty.  Many  of  the  Inhabitants  of 
Greenland,  and  ne^^roes  of  the  Danifli  W. 
India  iflands,  have  embraced  Chriftianity 
Under  the  Moravian  milhonaries,  who 
arc  unwearied  in  their  humnne  exertions 
to  promote  the  happinefs  of  thofe  who 
can  beftow  ho  earthly  reward. 

Dan-vers,  a  townfliip  in  Effex  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  adjoining  Salem  on  tlie  N  W,  in 
which  it  was  forrherly  comprehended  by 
the  name  of  Salem  village.  It  confifls  of 
two  pariflies,  and  contains  2643  inhabit- 
ants, and  was  incorporated  in  i  757.  The 
tnoft  confidcraible  and  compact:  fettlcment 
'.0  it,  is  formed  by  a  continuation  of  the 
principal  ftreet  of  Salem,  which  extends 
more  than  a  miles  W  toward  the  country, 
having  many  workfliops  of  mechanics, 
and  feveral  for  retailing  goods.  Large 
quantities  of  bricks  and  coarfe  earthen 
■ware  are  manufadiured  here.  Another 
pleafant  and  thriving  fettlement  is  at  the 
head  of  Beverly  R.  called  New  Mills  ; 
where  a  few  veflels  are  built  and  owned. 
The  town  of  Danvers  receives  an  annual 
compenfation  of  £.10  from  the  proprie- 
tors of  Eflex  bridge,  for  the  obftrucSlion 
of  the  river.  A  flitting,  tide  mill,  was 
eretSted  here  in  1797.  On  the  fame  dam 
are  a  grift  mill,  an  anchor  fliop,  fcythe 
fliop,  whofe  hammers  are  carried  by  wa- 
ter ;  and  a  Ihovel  manufatSiory,  eredtcd  by 
a  number  of  merchants  and  others  in  Salem. 

Danville,  a  thriving  pof):  towa  in  Pitt- 
fyivania  co.  Virginia,  lltuated  on  Dan 
river,  on  the  main  road  from  Philadelphia 
to  the  Moravian  towns,  N  Carolina. 

DiUfiville,  a  poft  town  of  Northumber- 
land CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  Sufquehan- 
na,  at  the  mouth  of  Mohoning  creek, 
12  miles  above  Northumberland,  and  210 
from  Wafliington. 

Dari'ville,  a  poft  town  of  Plttfylvania, 
Virginia,  on  Dan  river.  In  1798,  it  con- 
tained 16  dwelling  houfes.  It  is  a  place 
of  confiderable  bufinefs,  having  a  tobacco 
infpe<5lion,  and  feveral  mills.  It  is  170 
miles  S  W  of  Richmond,  and  302  from 
Wafliiogton. 
Vol.  I,  R 


DAR 


Danville^  J4  thriving  poft  town  in  Mer- 
cer CO.  and  formerly  the  metropolis  of 
Kentucky,  pleafantly  fituated  in  a  large 
fertile  plain,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Dick's 
R.  35  miles  S  S  W  of  Lexington.  It  con- 
lifts  of  about  ^o  houlcs,  and  a  Preft)yte- 
rlan  church.  From  Leefburg  to  Dan- 
ville, the  country,  for  the  firft  20  miles,  is 
of  an  inferior  rate  for  lands  in  this  coun- 
try ;  but  round  Lexington,  and  from 
Leefburg  to  Lexington  and  Boonlborough, 
is  the  richeft  land  in  the  country.  It  is 
40  miles  S  by  E  of  Frankfort,  83  from 
Louifville,  201  from  Hawkins  in  TenelTcc, 
and  830  from  Philadelphia.  N lat.  3 7  30, 
W  Ion.  85  30. 

DunvilUt  a  poft  town  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont.  It  was  a  wildernefs,  without  ^o 
much  as  a  fingle  family,  a  few  years  ago, 
and  now  contains  1544  inhabitants.  It 
lies  8  miles  N  W  of  Barnet,  607  N  E  of 
Wafliington. 

Darby,  a  fmall  town  in  Delaware  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  E  fide  of  Darby- 
creek.  It  contains  about  50  houfes,  and 
a  Quaker  meeting  houfe,  and  lies  7  mile» 
S  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia.  There  arc 
two  townfliips  of  this  name,  In  the  coun- 
ty, called  Upper  and  Lower,  from  their 
relative  lituation. 

Darietty  or  Terra  Firma  Proper,  is  the 
northern  dlvllion  of  Terra  Firma  or  Caf- 
tile  del  Oro.  It  is  a  narrow  ifthmus,  that, 
properly  fpcaking,  joins  N.  and  S.  Amer- 
ica together  \  but  is  generally  reckoned 
as  part  of ,  the  latter.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico  ;  on  the 
S  by  the  South  fea ;  om  the  E  by  the  river 
or  gulf  of  Darien,  and  on  the  W  by  anp- 
ther  part  of  the  South  fea  and  the  prov- 
ince of  Veragua.  It  lies  in  the  form  of  a 
bow  or  crefcent,  about  the  great  bay  of 
Panama,  in  the  South  fea,  and  is  300 
miles  in  length.  Its  breadth  has  generally 
been  reckoned  60  miles  from  N  to  S  ; 
but  it  is  only  37  miles  broad  from  Porto 
Bello  to  Panama,  the  two  chief  towns  of 
the  province.  The  former  lies  in  N  lat. 
9  34  ZS-^  W  Ion.  81  52  ;  the  latter  in  N 
lat.  8  57  48,  W  Ion.  82.  This  province  is 
not  the  richeft,  but  is  of  the  greateft  im- 
portance to  Spain,  and  has  been  the  fcenc 
of  more  adlions  than  any  other  in  Amer- 
ica. The  wealth  of  Peru  is  brought 
hither,  and  from  htnce  exported  to  Eu- 
rope. Few  of  the  rivers  in  this  country- 
are  navigable,  having  ftioals  at  their 
mouths.  Some  of  them  bring  down  gold 
duft  ;  and  on  the  coaft  are  valuable  pearl 
jSihencs.     Neither  cf  the  oceans  fall  in  at 

ence 


DAR 


DAR 


once  upon  the  fliore,  but  src  intercepted 
by  a  great  many  valuable  iflands,  that  lie 
fcattercd  along  the  coaft.  The  iilands  in 
the  bay  of  Panama  are  numerous  :  in  the 
guIfofDarien  are  thiee  of  confiderable 
lize,  viz.  Golden  ifland  ;  another,  the 
largefl  of  the  three,  and  the  ifland  of 
Pines  ;  befide  fmaller  ones.  The  nar- 
rowefl  part  of  the  ifthmus  is  called  fomc- 
tlmes  the  iflhmus  of  Panama.  The  coun- 
try about  it  is  made  up  of  low  fickly  val- 
lics,  and  mountains  of  fuch  ftupcndous 
height,  that  they  feem  to  be  placed  by 
nature  as  eternal  barriers  between  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific  oceans,  which  here 
approach  fo  near  each  other,  that,  from 
thefe  mountains,  the  waters  of  both  can 
be  plainly  feen  at  the  fame  time,  and 
fcemingly  at  a  very  fmail  diftancc.  The 
rockv  mountains  licre  forbid  the  idea  of 
a  canal ;  but  by  going  into  12  N  lat.  and 
joining  the  head  of  Nicaragua  lake  to  a 
fm.all  river,  which  runs  into  the  Pacific 
ocean,  a  communication  between  the  two 
feas  becomes  praifticablc  ;  and  by  digging 
30  miles  through  a  level,  low  country,  a 
tedious  navigation,  of  10,000  miles,  round 
Cape  Horn,  might  be  faved.  What  would 
be  the  confequences  of  fuch  a  junAion,  is 
not  eafy  to  fay  ;  but  it  is  very  probable, 
that,  in  a  length  of  vears,  fuch  a  jun(5lion 
would  wear  away  the  earthy  particles  of 
the  iflhmus,  and  form  a  broad  flrait  be- 
tween the  oceans  ;  in  which  cafe,  the 
gulf  flream  v/ould  ceafe,  being  turned  into 
a  different  channel ;  and  a  voyage  round 
tlie  world  become  an  inconfiderable  thing. 
The  Scotch  nation  had  fo  jufl:  an  idea  of 
the  great  importance  of  this  iflhmus,  that 
they  got  pofleirion  of  a  part  of  the  prov- 
ince in  1699,  and  though  among  the  poor- 
efl  nations  in  Europe,  attempted  to  form 
an  cflabliflimcnt  more  ufeful  and  of  more 
real  importance,  all  the  parts  of  the  plan 
confidered,  than  had  perhaps  ever  been 
undertaken  by  the  greatcft  nation  in  the 
•world.  The  projev5lor  and  leader  of  the 
Darien  expedition  was  a  clergyman,  of 
the  name  of  Patcrfon.  The  rife,  progrefs, 
and  cataftrophe,  of  this  well  conceived, 
but  ill  fated  undertaking,  has  been  dc- 
fcribed,  in  a  very  interefliai  manner,  by 
Sir  John  Dalrymple,  in  the  20th  vol.  of 
his  memoirs  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland. 
The  fund  fubfcribed,  for  carrying  this 
great  projed:  into  efTecT:,  amounted  to 
j^.900,000  fieri,  viz.  ;r.400,ooo  fubfcribed 
by  the  Scotch,  £.^00,000  by  the  Englifli, 
aDd.;C*^00,coo  by  the  Dutch  and  Ham- 
l>urghers.    The  Darien  couacil  aver,  in 


their  papers,  that  the  right  of  the  compa-s 
ny  was  debated  before  king  William  IIF* 
in  the  prefence  of  the  Spauidi  Ambafl'aV 
dor,  before  the  colony  left  Scotland  ;  and 
while  the  eflablilhment  of  the  colony  had 
been  in  agitation,  Spain  had  made  no  com- 
plaints to  England  or  Scotland  againfl  it. 
In  fine,  of  1300  brave  men,  only  30  ever 
furvived  war,  Ihipwrcck,  and  difeafe,  and 
returned  to  Scotland.  The  ruin  of  this 
unhappy  colony  happened  through  tlie 
fliameful  partiality  of  William  llf.  andUic 
jealoufy  of  the  Englifli  nat'on.  The  flrong 
country,  where  the  colony  fettled  and 
built  their  forts,  was  a  territory  never 
pofTefled  by  the  Spaniards,  and  inhabited 
by  a  people  continually  at  war  with  them. 
It  was  at  a  place  called  Adla,  in  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Darien  ;  having  a  capacious 
and  ftrongly  fituated  harbour.  The  coun- 
try they  called  New  Caledonia.  It  was 
ai)out  mid  way  between  Porto  Bello  and 
Carthagena  ;  but  near  50  leagues  diftant 
from  either. 

Dariaiy  Gulf  of,  runs  S  eaflcrly  into 
Terra  Firma.  On  the  eafltrn  fide  of  its 
rtiouth,  is  the  town  of  St.  Stbaftian. 

Datien,  a  pofl  town  in  Mc  Intofli  co. 
Georgia,  by  the  heights  of  which  glide* 
the  N.  channel  of  Alataniaha  R.  about  20 
miles  above  Sapclo  I.  and  to  below  Fort 
Harrington.  It  lies  47  miles  S  S  W  of 
Savannah.     N  lat.  31  23,  W  Ion.  80  14. 

Darling  Ifland^  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  larg- 
efl of  two  ifiands  at  the  entrance  of  lake 
Simcoe. 

Darlington^  a  diflriiSl  in  S.  Carolina  ; 
bounded  S  and  S  W  by  Lynch's  creek. 
It  is  about  'i,s  miles  long,  and  21  broad. 
At  the  court  houfe  is  a  pofl  office. 

Darlington  Totunjhip^  in  the  county  of 
Durham,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of 
Clarke,  and  fronts  upon  lake  Ontario. 

Dartmsitth  College.      See  Hanover. 

Dartmouth.,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfhire,  N  W  of  the  foot  of  the  White 
Mountains  ;  ^^  miles  N  E  of  HaverhlM, 
and  87  N  weflcrly  of  Portfmouth.  It 
contained,  in  1790,  iii  inhabitants,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1772. 

Dartmouth,  a  thriving  feaport  town  in 
Brifiiol  CO.  MaflTachufetts,  fituated  on  the 
W  fide  of  Accurtinet  R.  62  miles  fonth- 
erly  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  ia 
1664,  and  contains  2fT6o  inhabitants.  N 
lat.  41  iJ,  Wlon.  70  52. 

Dartmouth,  a  town  in  Elbert  co.  Geor- 
gia, fituated  on  the  peninfuh  formed  by 
the  confiucnce  of  Broad  and  Savannah 
rivers,  %  miles  from   Fort  James  Dart- 

.  moutli 


DAtr 


D  AV 


mouth,  which  is  a  mile  bcLow  Charlotte 
Fort,  which  fee.  The  town  and  fort  de- 
rive their  xiames  from  James,  earl  of 
Dartmouth,  whofe  influence  in  the  Britifli 
councils  obtained  from  the  king,  a  grant 
and  powers  to  the  Indian  trading  com- 
pany in  Georgia  to  treat  with  the  Creeks, 
for  the  territory  called  the  New  Purchafc, 
ceded  in  difcharge  of  debts  due  to  the  trad- 
ers. This  trade  contains  about  2,600,000 
of  acres,  lying  upon  the  head  of  the  Great 
Ogechee,  between  the  banks  of  the  Sa- 
vannah and  Alatamaha,  touching  on  the 
Oconee,  including  all  the  waters  of  Broad 
and  Little  Fvivers.  This  territory  com- 
prehends a  body  of  excellent,  fertile  land, 
well  watered  by  innumerable  rivers, 
creeks,  and  brooks. 

Dauphhi^  Fort^  a  jurifdictioti,  fort  and 
feaport  town  in  the  N  part  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.  This  divifion  contains  5 
pariflies.  ks  exports  from  Jan.  I,  1789, 
to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  conhfled  of 
fugar,  colFee,  cotton,  indigo,  fpiriis,  mo- 
lafles,  and  tanned  hides,  in  value  35,252 
dolls.  13  cents.  'l"he  town  of  Fort  Dau- 
phin is  remarkable  for  a  fountain  con- 
ftrucfled  by  the  orders  of  M.  de  Marbols, 
which  coft  10,678  dollars,     N  lat.  19  41. 

Dauphin.^  Fort.      See  Ha  Braga. 

Dauphin^  an  ifland  about  lO  miles  long, 
Jn  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  5  miles  from 
Mafl'acre  I.  with  a  flioal  all  the  way 
between  them.  Thcfe  are  fuppofed  for- 
merly to  have  been  but  one,  and  went 
by  the  general  name  of  Mafiacre,  fo 
called  by  Monf.  d'lbberville,  from  a  large 
heap  of  human  bones  found  thereon  at 
Lis  landing.  It  was  afterwards  called 
Dauphin  I.  The  W  end,  a  diflance  of 
between  3  and  4  miles,  is  a  narrow  Hip 
of  land  with  fomc  dead  trees  ;  the  reft  is 
covered  with  thick  pines,  which  come 
clofe  to  the  water's  edge  on  the  E  lide^ 
forming  a  large  bluff.  There  is  the  re- 
mains of  an  old  French  poft  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifland,  and  of  fome  old  houfes  of 
the  natives.     N  lat.  30  10,  W  Ion.  88  7. 

Daiiphhiy  a  fort  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton,  round  which  the  French  had  their 
principal  fettlement,  before  they  built 
Louifburg. 

Dauphin  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  was  for- 
merly contained  in  that  of  Lancafier,  un- 
til ered:edinto  a  fcparate  county,  March 
4,  I7<^5-  Its  form  is  triangular;  its  con- 
tents 586,400  acres,  and  is  furrounded 
by  the  counties  of  Mifflin,  Cumberland^ 
York,  Berks,  and  Northumberland.  It  is 
divided  into  9  townlLips,  the  chief  of 


v.hich  is  Harrlfburg  ;  the  number  of  its 
inhabitants  22,270.  Nearly  one  half  at 
the  land  is  under  cultivation  ;  hut  the 
northern  part  is  very  rough  and  moun- 
tainous. In  ftveral  of  the  mountains  is 
fotmd  abundance  of  iron  ore  of  the  lirfl: 
quality  ;  a  furnace  and  forge  have  been 
crciRied  which  carry  on  briikly  the  man- 
ufavflure  of  pig,  bar  iron,  &c.  The  flrft  fet- 
llers  here  were  Irifli  emigrants,  who  wtrc 
afterwardsjoined  bya  number  of  Germans. 
In  the  town  of  Derry,  on  the  bank  of  Swa- 
tara  creek  is  a  remarkable  cavern  ;  its  en- 
trance is  under  a  high  bank,  and  nearly  20 
feet  wide, and  about  8  or  10  feet  in  height. 
It  defcends  gradually  nearly  to  a  level 
with  the  creek.  Its  apartments  are  nu- 
merous, of  difxerent  fizes,  and  adorned 
with  ftalacStites  curioufly  diverfified  in 
fize  and  colour.  Near  the  foot  of  Blue 
mountain  is  a  mineral  fpring,  much  cele- 
brated by  the  country  people  for  its  effi- 
cacy in  removing  rheumatic  and  other 
I  chronic  diforders. 

Dauphin  R.  a  river  of  U.  Canada,  which 
empties  into  lake  Winnipeg  on  the  W  fide, 
at  the  head  of  Martin's  bay.    Lat.  52  15  N. 

Davtdfon,  a  county  in  Mero  diftricSl, 
TenelTee,  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of  Ken- 
tucky, E  by  Sumner,  and  S  by  the  Indian 
territory.  Its  chief  town,  Nafliville,  lies 
on  the  great  bend  of  Cumberland  R.  and 
is  watered  alfo  by  the  Harpith  and  Stones 
rivers.  TJie  timber  is  remarkably  large, 
trees  often  meafure  8  or  10  feet  diameter. 
It  contains  9620  inhabitants,  of  whom 
2936  are  flavcs. 

Dai'idfon  Co.  fo  called  after  Gen.  William 
Davidfon,  who  bravely  fell  in  defence  of 
his  country  in  the  year  1780,  oppofing 
the  paflage  of  Lord  Cornwaliis'  army 
acrofs  the  Catawba  R.  is  bounded  S  by 
the  Indian  boundary,  E  by  Sumner  co. 
and  on  the  other  fides  by  the  counties  of 
Robcrtfon  and  Montgomery.  It  is  wa- 
ed  by  Cumberland,  Flarpith,  and  Stones 
rivers. 

Dai'id^s  Toivn,  on  the  AfTanpink  river,. 
Hunterdon  co.  N.  Jerfey,  10  or  12  miles 
from  Trenton.  Between  thefe  towns  a 
boat  navigation  has  lately  been  opened 
by  means,  of  three  locks,  eretStcd  at  a 
confiderable  expenfe.  It  is  propofed  to 
render  this  river  boatable  10  or  15  miles 
further,  in  which  diflance,  no  locks  will 
be  neceflary. 

Da-v'd's  IJafid,  Si.  a  parifli  in  the  Bet' 
muda  ijlands,  which  fee. 

Davijhurgy  a  poft  town  in  Chriftian  C0» 
Kentucky,  816  milts  W  of  Wafliington. 

Daw  9 


DED 


BEE 


3avh\  Strait,  a  narrow  fea,  lying  be- 
tween the  N  main  of  America,  and  the 
vreftern  coaft  of  Greenland  ;  running  N  W 
from  Cape  Farewell,  lat.  60  N,  to  Baffin's 
bay  in  80.  It  had  its  name  from  Mr. 
John  Davis,  who  firfl;  difcovered  it.  It 
extends  to  W  Ion.  75,  where  it;  commu- 
nicates with  Baffin's  bay,  which  lies  to  the 
N  of  this  ftrait,  and  of  the  North  Main, 
or  James's  ifland.     See  Bajjins  bay. 

Daivfiijhee,  an  idand  on  the  coafi;  of  S. 
Carolina,  which  forms  the  N  E  fide  of 
the  entrance  of  Savannah  R.  and  8  W 
fide  of  the  entrance  of  Broad  R.  and  ad- 
mits of  an  inland,  cojnmunicatipu  between, 
the  two  rivers. 

Baxabm^  Dajnhon,  or  Bahahcn,  which  the 
French  call  Laxahon,  is  a  town  and  fettlc- 
ijient  of  Spaniards  on  the  line  between 
the  French  and  Spanilh  divilions  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  It  wa^  fettled  to 
prevent  fmuggUng,  when  the  Spaniards 
had  their  fhare  of  the  ifland.  It  is  bound- 
ed E  by  the  territory  of  St.  Yago,  N  by 
the  extremity  of  the  bed  of  the  Great 
Yaqui,  and  the  bay  of  Mancenill'a,  W  by 
the  river  and  little  i.lland  of  IV^alTacre.  Il; 
contains  about  4000  perfons.  The  tovirn 
ftands  400  fathoms  from  the  E  bank  of 
JMaflTacre  R.  more  than  80  leagues  N  \V 
of  St.  Domingo,  and  28  W  of  St.  Yago. 
1n[  lat.  19  32,  W  Ion.  from  Paris  74  9, 

Days  Point.,  on  Jamcs  R.  in  Virginia. 
There  is  a  pIantat;iQn  here  of  about  icoo 
acres,  which  at  a  dift^nce  appears  as  if 
covered  with  fnow  ;  pccafioned  by  a  bed 
of  clam  fliells,  which  by  repeated  plough- 
i|ng  have  become  fine,  and  mixed  with  the 
earth. 

Dayton,  a  tQwnflilp  at  tb?  xnoutb,  of 
Mad  river^  in  the  N.  W.  territory. 

De  Bars  Blanc,  zn  ifland  belonging  to  the 
N.  W.  territory,  a  voluntary  gift  of  the 
Chlpeway  nation  to  the  United  States,  at 
the  treaty  of  peace  concluded  by  gen. 
Wayne  at  Greenville,  in  179.J. 

Dead  Chejl  Ifland,  one  of  the  fmaller 
Virgin  ifles,  iituated  n^ar  the  E  end  of 
[feter's  ifland,  and  W  of  that  of  Cooper's. 

Deadi}ians  Bay,  on  the  E  fide  of  New- 
foundland ifland,  lies  S  of  St.  John's  har- 
\50ur,  and  N  W  of  Cape  Spear. 

Dedham,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capital  of 
Norfolk  CO.  MafTachufetts,  called  by  the 
aboriginals  Tiot,  and  by  the  flrfl  feitlers. 
Clapboard  Trees  ;  one  of  the  parifiies  flill 
retains  this  name.  'I'he  townfiiip  was 
incorporated  in  1637,  is  7  miles  in  length, 
and  6  in  breadth,  and  contains  1973  in- 
habitants.    Its  public  buildings  are  3  con- 


gregational churches,  an  epifcopal  churc^,i 
a  court  houfe,  and  gaol.  It  is  pleafantly- 
fituated,  1 1  miles  S  W  of  Bofton,  on  Charles 
R.  A  fmall  ftream  furnilhes  water  mol^ 
part  of  the  year  to  a  grift  mills,  2  faw  mills,, 
2  fulling  mills,  and  a  leather  mill,  all  in  the 
fpace  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and  joins 
Neponfit  ^.  on  the  borders  of  Milton. 
A  wire  manufa6tory  is  erected  here,  for 
the  ufe  of  the  fiilihook  and  card  manufac- 
turers in  Bofton. 

Dual,  in  Monmouth  co.  N.  Jerfey,  about 
7  miles  fouthward  of  Shrewlbury.  This 
place  is  the  refort  of  great  numbeis  of 
people  from  Philadelphiaj  in  fummer,  for 
health  and  pleafore. 

Deep  Spring,  in  the  ftate  of  N.  York,  is  a, 
curioflty,  and  lies  on  or  near  the  road, 
about  9  miles  S  of  Oneida  lake,  at  the  head 
of  Chittenengo  creek,  and  10  miles  S  W  of 
Oneida  caftle. 

Deep  R.  inN.Carplina,rifes  in  Wachovia,^ 
and  unites  with  Haw  R.  and  forms  the  N' 
W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river. 

Deerfield,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland  co,^ 
N.  Jerfey,  178  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Deerfeid  R.  or  the  Pocomtic,  rifes  in  Strat-- 
ton,  in  Bennington  co.  Vermont,  and  after 
receiving  a  number  of  ftieams  from  th^ 
adjoining  towns,  unite,  on  entering  Maf- 
fachufetts  ;  thesce  winding  in  an  E  direc- 
tion, it  receives  North  R.  and  empties  in-, 
to  ConneAicut  R.  between  the  townfliips 
of  Greenfield  and  Deerfield,  where  it  is 
about  15  rods  wide.  Excellent  tradls  of 
meadow  ground  lie  on  its  banks. 

Denfeld,  3.  very  pleafant  poft  town  in 
Hampfliire  co.  Maflachufctis,  on  the  W 
bank  of  Connecticut  R.  from  which  the 
compa(5t  part  of  the  i:pwn  is  feparated  by 
a  chain  of  high  hills.  It  is  in  the  midft  of 
a  fertile  country,  and  has  a  fmall  inland 
trade.  The  compa<ft  part  of  the  town  has^ 
from  6c  to  100  houfes,  principaily  on  one 
ftreet,  and  a  handfome  congregational 
church.  It  has  1531  inhabitants ;  17  miles^ 
N  of  Northampton,  and  9a  N  by  W  of 
Boflon.  The  houfe  in  which  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Williams  and  his  family  were  captivated 
by  the  Indians  in  the  early  fettlement  of 
this  to\vn,  is  ftill  ftanding,  and  the  hole  in 
the  door,  cut  by  the  Indians  with  their 
hatchets,,  is  ftill  iliewn  as  a  curiofity.  An 
academy,  incorporated  in  1797,  by  the. 
name  of "  The  Deerfield  Academy,"  is 
eftabliftied  in  this  town.  It  is  430  miles^ 
N  E  of  Wathington. 

Deerfield,  a  well  fettled  agricultural  fiowr^^ 
in  Rockingham  co.  N.  Hampfhire,  and  was 
a  part  pf  the  tuwnftiip  of  Nottingham,  \% 

miles 


BEL 


DEL 


fnil.e*  S  E  of  Concord,  and  35  N  W  of 
J^ortfmouth.  It  contains  1878  inhabitants, 
.and  was  incorporated  in  1766. 

Deer  JJland,  an  illand  and  townflu'p  in 
Fenobfcet  bay,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
containing  1094  inhabitants.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1789,  and  lies  about  8  miles 
S  E  Qf  Caf^lne. 

Deer,  an  iiland  in  Paflamaquoddy  ]>ay. 

Deering,  a  townfliip  in  Hilifborough  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  1774.  It 
contains  1244  inhabitants,  and  lies  15 
jniles  S  W  of  Concord,  and  54  miles  W  of 
jPortfraouth. 

Def.ance,  a  fort  in  the  (late  of  Ohio,  fit- 
uated  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  rivers  of  Au  Glaize,  and 
the  Miami  of  the  lake,  nearly  half  way 
between  Fort  Wayne  on  the  Miami,  and 
lake  Erie.     N  lat.  41  41,  W  Ion.  84  43. 

De  La  March,  a  weftern  water  of  Illi- 
nois R.  in  the  N  W  territory.  It  is  30 
-yards  wide,  and  navigable  8  or  9  miles. 

Delamatteiwos,  an  Indian  tribe,  in  alliance 
with  the  Delawares. 

De  La  War,  a  town  in  King  William's 
CO.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  broad  penin- 
fula  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Pa- 
munky  andMattapony.  The  unitedftream 
thence  alFumes  the  name  of  York  R.  It 
lies  20  miles  N  by  W  of  Williamlburg,  in 
M  lat.  3731  W. 

Dila-ware  Bay  and  R'mer.  The  bay  is 
60  miles  long,  from  the  cape  to  the  en- 
trance of  the  river,  at  Bombay  Hook  ;  and 
occupies  a  fpace  of  about  650,000  acres  ; 
and  is  fo  wide  in  fome  parts,  as  that  a  fliip, 
in  the  middle  of  it,  cannot  be  feen  from 
the  land.  It  opens  into  the  Atlantic  N  W 
and  S  E,  between  Cape  Henlopen  on  the 
right,  and  Cape  May  on  the  left.  Thefe 
capes  are  18  or  xo  miles  apart.  Delaware 
R.  was  called  Chihohocki  by  the  aborigi- 
nals, and  in  an  old  Nurenbergmap  is  nam- 
ed Zuydt  R.  It  rifes  by  two  principal 
branches  in  N.  York  ftate.  l"he  northern- 
^noft  of  which,  called  the  Mohawk's  or 
Cookquago  branch,  rifes  in  lake  Utfayan- 
the,lat.  42  25,  and  takes  a  S  W  courfe,  and 
turning  S  eaftwardly,it  crofles  the  Penn- 
fylvania  line  in  lat.  42  ;  about  7  miles  from 
thence,  it  receives  the  Popachton  branch 
from  the  N  E,  which  rifes  in  the  Kaats  Kill 
mountains.  Thence  it  runs  fouthwardly, 
imtii  it  ftrikes  the  N  W  corner  of  N.Jerfey, 
in  lat.  41  24  ;  and  then  pafies  ofl'  to  fea 
through  Delaware  bay ;  having  N.  Jerl'ey 
i!-,  and  Pennfylvania  and  Delaware  W. 
The  bay  and  river  are  navigable  from  the 
(ea  up  to  tlie  great  or  lower  falls  at  Tren-  \ 


ton,  155  miles;  and  are  accommodated 
with  buoys  and  piers  for  the  direcSlion  and 
fafety  of  llvips  A  74  gun  fliip  may  go  up 
to  Philadelphia,  120  miles  by  the  fliip 
channel  from  the  fea.  The  diftance  acrofs 
the  land,  in  a  S^E  courfe,  to  N.  Jerfey  coaft, 
is  but  60  miles.  Sloops  go  t,5  miles  above 
Philadelphia,  to  Trenton  falls  ;  boats  that 
carry  8or  9  tons,ico miles  farther, and hi- 
dian  canoes  150  miles,  except  feveralfmall 
falls  or  portages.  For  ether  particulars 
relating  to  this  river.  See  Henlopen,  Mayy 
Bombay  Honk,  Reedy  I.  Schuyllill,  Lehigh,  &.C. 
It  is  in  contemplation  to  conned;  the  wa- 
ters of  Chefapeak  bay  with  thofe  of  Del- 
aware R.  bv  4  different  canais,  viz  Elk  R. 
\vith  Chrifkiana  creek ;  Broad  creek,  an- 
other branch  with  Red  Lion  creek  ;  Bo- 
hemia, a  third  branch  of  the  Elk,  with 
Apoquinemy  creek  ;  and  Chefter  R.  with 
Djjck  creek. 

Delwware,  a  fmall  river  of  Eafl  Florida. 

See  Charlotte  Haven, 

Delaivare,  one  of  the  tJnited  States  of 
N.  America,  is  fituated  between  38  29  30, 
and  39  54  N  lat.  and  between  75  and  75 
48  W  Ion.  being  in  length  92  miles,  and 
in  breadth  24  miles  ;  containing  2000 
fquare  miles,  or  1,200,000  acres.  It  is 
bounded  E  by  the  river  and  bay  of  the 
fame  name,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  on 
the  S  by  a  line  from  Fenewick's  illand,  in 
N  lat.  38  29  30,  drawn  W  till  it  interfeds 
what  is  commonly  called  the  tangent  line, 
dividing  it  from  the  ftate  of  Maryland  ; 
on  the  W  by  the  faid  tangent  line,  pafling 
northward  up  the  peniniula,  till  it  touch- 
es the  weftei-n  part  of  the  territorial  cir- 
cle ;  and  thence  on  the  N  by  the  faid  cir- 
cle, defcribed  with  a  radius  of  12  miles 
about  the  town  of  Newcaflle,  w^hich  di- 
vides this  ftate  from  Pennfylvania.  This 
ftate  derived  its  name  from  Lord  De  La 
War,  v.^ho  was  inftrumental  in  eftabhfli- 
ing  the  firft  fettlement  of  Vii  ginia.  It  is  di- 
vided into 3  counties,  Newcaftle,  Kent,  and 
Sufl'ex  ;  whofe  chief  tovvmis  are  Wilming- 
ton, Newcaftle,  Dover  and  Lewes.  Do- 
ver is  the  feat  of  Government.  T  he  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  is  64,273,  of  whom  6153 
are  (laves.  The  eaftern  fide  of  the  ftate  is 
indented  witha  large  number  of  creeks, or 
fmall  rivers,  which  generally  have  afliort 
courfe,  foft  banks,  numerous  flioals,  and 
are  Ikirted  with  very  extenfive  marfties, 
and  empty  into  the  river  and  bay  of  Dei- 
aware.  In  the  foutliein  and  weftern 
parts  of  this  ftate,  fpring  the  h^vA  waters 
of  Pocomoke,  Wicomico,  Nanticoke, 
Choptank,  Chefter,  Saflafras  and  Bohemia 

rivers, 


DEL 


DEL 


firers,  all  falling  into  Chefapeak  bay  ; 
fome  of  them  are  navigable  20  or  30  iniles 
into  the  country,  for  vefTels  of  50  or  60 
tons.  Tlxe  ftate  of  Delaware,  the  upper 
parts  of  the  county  of  Newcaflle  except- 
ed, Is,  to  fpeak  generally,  low  and  level. 
Large  quantities  of  ftagriant  water,  at 
particular  feafoiis  of  the  year,  overfpread- 
sng  a  great  proportion  of  the  land,  render 
it  equally  unfit  for  the  purpofes  of  agri- 
culture, and  injurious  to  the  health  of  the 
inhabitants.  I'he  fpine,  or  highefl:  ridge 
of  the  peninfula,  runs  through  the  ftate  of 
Delaware,  inclined  to  the  eafcern  or  Del- 
aware fide.  It  is  dellgnated  in  Suli'ex, 
Kent,  and  part  of  Newcaflle  co.  by  a  re- 
markable chain  of  fwamps,  from  which 
the  waters  defcend  on  each  fide,  palling  on 
the  eaft,  to  the  Delaware,  and  on  the  welt 
to  the  Chefapeak.  Delaware  is  chiefly  au 
agricultural  ftate.  It  includes  a  very  fer- 
tile tra(5t  of  country  ;  and  icarcely  any 
part  of  the  United  States  Is  better  adapt- 
ed to  the  diiFercnt  purpofes  of  agriculti:re, 
or  in  which  a  greater  variety  of  the  mofl 
Tifeful  produdtions  can  be  fo  conveniently 
and  plentifully  reared.  The  foil  along 
the  Delaware  river,  and  from  8  to  10 
iniles  into  the  Interior  country,  is  gener- 
ally a  rich  clay.  From  thence  to  tlic 
iwamps  abovementioned,  the  foil  is  light, 
iandy,  and  of  an  inferior  quality.  Except- 
ing fome  of  the  upper  parts  of  the  county 
of  Newcafcle,  the  furface  of  the  ftate  is 
very  little  broken  or  irregular.  The 
heights  of  Chriftiana  are  lofty  and  com- 
manding ;  fome  of  the  hills  of  Brandywine 
are  rough  and  flony ;  but  dcfcending 
.from  thefe,  and  a  few  others,  the  lower 
country  is  fo  little  diverfified  as  almoft  to 
form  one  extended  plain.  In  the  county 
of  Newcaftlc  the  foil  confifts  of  a  flrong 
clay ;  in  Kent,  there  is  a  coniiderable 
anixture  of  fand  ;  and  in  Suflex,  the  quan- 
tity of  fand  altogether  predominates. 
Wheat  grows  here  in  fuch  perr£tT:ion  as 
jiot  only  to  be  particularly  fought  by  the 
manufatSlurers  of  flour  throughout  the 
Union,  but  alfo  to  be  diflinguiflred  and 
preferred,  for  its  fuperior  qualities,  in 
foreign  markets.  This  wheat  poffeiles  aii 
uncommon  foftnefs  and  whitenefs,  and 
makes  the  beft  fuperline  flour,  and  in 
other  refpecls  far  exceeds  the  hard  and 
flinty  grains  raifed  In  general  on  the  high- 
er lauds.  Eefide  wheat,  this  ftate  gene- 
rally produces  plentiful  crc>ps  of  Indian 
ecru,  barley,  rye,  c.ts,  flax,  buck  wheat, 
and  potatoes,  and  ,the  various  kinds  of 
i:uit  in  great  perfection.    It  abounds  in 


natural  and  artificial  meadows,  containing 
a  laige  variety  of  graffes.  Hemp,  cotton, 
and  lilk,  if  properly  attended  to,  doubtiefs 
would  fiourifli  very  weU.  The  county  of 
Suflex,  has  excellent  grazing  lands.  From 
It  alfo  are  exported  very  large  quantities 
of  lumber,  obtained  chiefly  from  an 
extenhve  iwamp,  called  the  Indian  R.  or 
Cyprcis  Swamp,  lying  partly  within  this 
ftate,  and  partly  in  the  ftate  of  Marvland. 
This  moral's  extends  6  miles  from  E  to  W, 
and  nearly  12  frcmi  N  to  S,  including  an 
area  of  nearly  50,000  acres  of  land.  The 
whole  of  this  fwam.p  is  a  high  and  level 
baion,  very  wet,  though  undoubtedly  the 
Mgheft  land  between  the  fea  and  the  bay, 
whence  tlie  Pokomoke  defcends  on  one 
fide,  and  Indian  R.  and  St.  Mai  tin's  on  the 
other.  This  fwamp  contains  a  great  vari- 
ety of  plants,  trees,  wild  beafts,  birds  and 
reptiles.  Almoft  the  whole  of  the  foreign 
exports  of  Delaware  are  from  AVllming- 
ton  :  the  trade  from  this  ftate  to  Philadel- 
phia is  great,  being  the  principal  fource 
whence  that  city  draws  its  ftaple  commod- 
ity. No  lefs  than  265,000  barrels  of  flour, 
300,000  bufliels  of  wheat,  170,000  bufli- 
els  of  Indian  corn,  befide  barley,  cats, 
flaxfeed,  paper,  flit  iron,  filufF,  faltcd  pro- 
vlfions,  he.  &.C.  to  a  very  confiderabie 
amount,  are  annually  fent  from  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Delaware  ftate  ;  of  which  the 
Chrlftiana  is  by  far  the  moft  prcdudllve, 
and  probably  many  times  as  muchfoasany 
other  creek  or  river  of  like  magnitude  in 
the  Union;  245,000  barrels  of  flour, and  oth- 
er articles,  to  the  amount  of  8opoo  dolls, 
more,  being  exported  from  this  creek ;  of 
which,  to  the  value  of  550,000  dollars,  are 
manufadiured  on  Its  northern  bank,  with- 
in two  or  three  miles  of  the  navigation. 
Among  other  branches  of  induftry  exer- 
cifed  In  and  liear.Wiiir.ington,  are  a  cot- 
ton manufac'tory  ;  a  bolting  cloth  manu- 
factory has  lately  been  eftablifl^.ed  by  an 
ingenious  European ;  both  of  which  liavc 
promlfed  fair  to  be  a  lafting  ad\  antage  to 
the  couhtry.  In  the  county  of  Newcaflle 
arefeveralfuUingraills,  afnuffnillls,!  fliling 
rnill,  4  paper  jnilis,  and  60  mills  for  grind- 
ing grain,  all  of  which  are  turned  by  wa- 
ter. But  though  Wilmington  and  its 
neighbourhood  are  probably  already  the 
greateft  feat  6f  manuiadlures  in  tlic  U.  S. 
yet  thcr  are  capable  of  being  much  im- 
provcd'iu  this  refpecV,  as  the  country  Is 
hilly  and  abounds  with  running  water  ; 
the'Srandyvvine.  alone  might,  with  a  mod- 
erate expenfe,  when  compared  with  the 
objedt,  be  brought  to  the  top  of  the  hill 

upou 


DEL 


BEL 


iipon  which  Wih-nlngton  is  fituated, 
whereby  a  fall  fufficient  for  forty  mills, 
in  addition  to  thofe  already  built,  would 
be  obtained.  The  leglfiature,  during  tlieir 
feliion  in  January  1796,  palTed  an  adt  to 
create  a  fund  for  the  cftablifliinent  of 
fchools  throughout  the  ftate.  The  manu- 
fafilure  of  flour  is  carried  to  a  liigher  de- 
gree of  perfecliv^n  in  this  ftate  than  in  any 
other  in  the  Union,  Eefule  the  well 
conllruftcd  mills  on  Red  clay  and  White 
clav  creeks,  and  other  ftrcams  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  ftate,  the  celebrated 
collection  of  mills  at  Brandywine  merit  a 
particular  defcription.  Here  are  to  be 
feen,  at  one  view,  iz  merchant  mills  (bc- 
fide  a  faw  mill)  which  have  double  that 
number  of  pairs  of  flones,  all  of  fuperior 
dimenfions,  and  excellent  conftrucSlion. 
Thefe  mills  are  3  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
the  creek  on  which  they  ftand,  half  a 
mile  from  Wilmington,  and  27  from  Phi- 
ladelphia, on  the  pofl:  road  fronTthe  caft- 
ern  to  the  fouthern  dates.  They  are  call- 
ed the  Brandywiue  mills,  from  the  flream 
on  which  they  are  ere(5led.  This  flream 
rifes  near  the  Welcli  mountains  in  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  and  after  a  winding  courle  of  30 
or  40  miles  through  falls,  which  furnifli 
numerous  feats  (130  of  which  are  already 
occupied)  for  every  fpecies  of  water  works, 
empties  into  Chriftiana  creek,  near  Wil- 
mington. The  quantity  of  wheat  manu- 
fa;flured  at  thefe  mills,  annually,  is  not 
accurately  afcertainvod.  It  is  eftimated, 
however,  by  the  beft  informed  on  the  fub- 
je'ft,  that  thefe  mills  can  grind  400,000 
bufliels  in  a  year.  But  although  they  are 
capable  of  manufacfturing  this  quantity 
yearly,  yet  from  the  difficulty  of  procur- 
ing a  permanent  fupply  of  grain,  the  infta- 
bilitv  of  the  flour  market  and  other  cir- 
cumflances,  there  are  not  commonly  mor(^ 
than  from  about  290  to  300,000  buOnels 
of  wheat  and  corn  mmufaiElured  here 
annually.  In  the  fall  of  1789,  and  fpring 
of  1790.  there  were  made  at  the  Brandy- 
wine  mills  50,000  barrels  of  fuperfine 
flour,  1354  do.  of  common,  400  do.  mid- 
dling, as  manv  of  fliip  ftufF,  and  2000  do. 
corn  meal.  The  quantity  of  wheat  and 
corn  ground,  from  which  this  flour,  &c. 
was  made,  was  308,000  bufliels,  equal  to 
the  export  in  thofe  articles  from  the  nort 
of  Philadelphia  for  the  fame  year.  Thefe 
mills  give  employment  to  about  ^200  per- 
fons,  viz.  about  40  to  tend  ^he  m'lls,  from 
50  to  70  coopers  to  make  cafks  for  the 
flour,  a  fuihcient  number  to  man  12  Hoops  1 
of  about  30  tons  each,  which  are  employ-  1 


ed  in  the  tranfportation  of  the  wheat  and 
flour,  the  reft  in  various  other  occupation* 
connected  with  the  mills.  The  naviga- 
tion quite  to  thefe  mills  is  fuch,  that  a 
veilel  carrying  looo  bufliels  of  wheat 
mnj  be  laid  along  fide  of  any  of  thefe 
mills;  and  befide  fome  of  them  the  water  is 
of  uifHcient  depth  to  admit  veflels  of  twice 
the  above  fize.  The  vcfiels  are  unloaded 
vvith  aftonilhing  expedition.  There  have 
been  inftanccs  of  icoo  bufl\els  being  car- 
ried to  the  height  of  4  (lories  in  4  hours. 
It  is  frequently  the  cafe  that  ve/Tels  with 
1000  bufliels  of  \Theat  come  up  with  flood 
tide,  unlade  and  go  away  the  fucceeding" 
ebb  with  300  barrels  of  flour  en  board. 
Inconfeauence  of  the  machines  introduc- 
ed by  the  ingenious  Mr.  Oliver'  Evans, 
4ths  of  the  manual  lalx)ur  before  found 
neoeflaiy  is  now  fufficient  for  every  pur- 
pofe.  By  means  of  thefe  machines,  when 
made  ui^e  of  in  the  full  extent  propofed 
by  the  inventor,  the  wheat  will  l>e  receiv- 
ed on  the  {liallop's  deck,  thence  carried  to 
the  upper  loft  of  the  mill,  and  a  confidera- 
ble  portion  of  the  fame  returned  in  flour 
on  the  lower  floor,  ready  for  packing, 
without  the  aiTiilance  of  manual  labour 
but  in  a  very  fmall  degree,  in  proportion 
to  the  bufinefs  done.  The  tranfportation. 
of  flour  from  the  mills  to  the  port  of  Wil- 
mington, docs  not  require  half  an  hour  ; 
and  it  is  frequently  the  cafe  that  a  cargo 
is  taken  from  the  mills  and  delivered  at 
Philadelphia  the  fame  day.  The  fitua- 
tionof  thefe  mills  is  very  plcafant  and 
healthful.  The  firft  mill  was  built  here 
about  60  years  fince.  There  is  now  » 
fmall  town  of  40  houfes,  principally  ftone 
and  brick,  which,  together  with  the  mill» 
and  the  veOets  loading  and  unloading  be- 
fide them,  furniili  a  charming  profpec^ 
from  the  bridge,  from  whence  they  are  all 
in  full  view.  Befide  the  wheat  and  flour 
trade,  this  ftate  exports  lumber  and  vari- 
ous other  articles.  The  amount  of  ex- 
ports for  the  year  ending  September  30th, 
1 791,  was  T19.878  dolls.  93  cents;  do. 
1792,133,072  dolls.  27  cents;  do.  1793, 
93,559  dolls.  45  cents  ;  do.  1794,  207,985 
dolls.  33  cents  ;  do.  1795,  158,041  dolls. 
21  cents  ;  da.  1801,  440,504  dolls.  In  this 
ftate  there  is  a  variety  of  religious  denom- 
inations. .Of  Prefbvterians  there  are  24 
churches  ;  of  Epifcopalians  14  ;  of  Bap- 
tilts  7  ;  of'!^.Trt]-.odifts,  a  confidcrable  num- 
ber, erpccialiv  in  the  two  lower  counties 
of  Kent  and  SulTex  ;  the  number  of  their 
churches  is  not  exactly  afcertained.  Be- 
fide theiu  there  is  a  Swedifii  cluirch  at 
Wiimiogtoa, 


DEL 


15  EM 


Wilmington,  which  is  one  of  the  oldeft 
churches  in  the  United  States.  There  are 
few  minerals  in  this  ftatc,  except  iron  ; 
large  quantities  of  bog  iron  ore,  very  fit 
for  caft:ings,are  found  in  Suflex  co.  among 
the  branches  of  Nantiroke  R.  Before 
the  revolution  this  ore  was  worked  to  a 
great  amount  •  but  this  buiinefs  has  fiuce 
declined.  Wheat  and  lumber  are  the  fba- 
ple  commodities  of  this  ftate.  The  other 
articles  of  produce  and  manufadlure,  are 
Indian  corn,  barley,  oats,  flaxi'eed,  faked 
provifions,  paper,  flit  iron,  ftiufF,  &c.  Set- 
tlements were  made  here  by  the  Dutch  a- 
bout  the  year  1623,  and  by  the  Swedes 
about  the  year  1627.  Their  fettlements 
were  comprehended  in  the  grant  to  the 
cluke  of  York ;  and  William  Penn  united 
them  to  his  government  by  purchafe. 
They  were  afterwards  feparated,  in  fome 
meafure,  from  Pennfylvania,  and  denomi- 
nated the  Three  Loiver  Cou?ities,  They 
Iiad  their  own  afTembaes,  but  the  gover- 
nor of  Pennfylvania  ufed  to  attend,  as  he 
did  in  his  own  proper  government.  At 
the  late  revolution,  the  three  counties 
were  erected  into  a  fovereign  ftate  ;  and 
have  eftablillied  a  republican  confiitu- 
tion.  \ 

Belaivare  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  is  S  W  of 
Philadtlphia  co.  on  Delaware  R.  It  is 
about  21  milesin  length, and  15  in  breadth, 
containing  115,200  acres,  and  fubdivided 
into  21  townililps  ;  the  chief  of  which  is 
Chefler.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is 
12,809.  The  lands  bordering  on  the  Del- 
aware are  low,  and  afford  excellent  mead- 
ow and  pafturage  ;  and  are  guarded  from 
inundations  by  mounds  of  earth  or  dykes, 
which  are  fometimes  broken  down  in  ex- 
traordinary freflies  in  tlie  river.  If  this 
happen=;  before  cutting  the  grafs,the  crop 
of  hay  is  lofl  for  that  feafon,  and  the  rqi- 
aration  of  the  breaches  Is  expcnfive  to  the 
proprietors.  Great  numbers  of  cattle  are 
brought  here  from  the  wcftern  parts  of 
"Virginia,  and  N.  Carolina,  to  be  fattened 
for  fupplying  the  Philade!^>hia  market. 

Dclaivart^  a  county  in  N.  York,  on  the 
head  waters  of  Delaware  R.and"has  21,700 
inhabitants. 

Dclaivare,  a  townfliip  in  Wayiic  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  381  inhabitants. 

Dclaxjuares,  an  Indian  nation,  formerly 
numerous  and  powerful,  and  who  pofTeff- 
cd  part  of  Pennfvlvania,  N.  Jerfcy,  and 
N.  York.  This  name  Was  doubtlefs  given 
them  bv  tlie  Europeans  ;  for  they  call 
vhemfelves  Lennilenape,  that  i.>;,  Indian 
men  ;  or  Woapanachky,  which  ilgniiics  a 


people  Hving  towards  the  rifmg  fun.  Th^y 
now  refide  about  half  way  between  lake 
Erie  and  Ohio  R.  They  are  an  ingenious 
and  intelligent  people ;  and  like  the  SisJ 
Nations,  are  celebrated  for  their  courage, 
peaceable  difpofition,  and  powerful  alli- 
ances. Almofl  all  the  neighbouring  na- 
tions are  in  league  with  them,  efpccially 
the  Mahlkan,  Shawanves,  Clierokees, 
Twichtvvees,  Wawiachtanos,  Kikapus, 
Moflik63,  Tuckachflias,  Chippeways,  Ot^ 
tawas,  Putewoatamies,  and  Kalkallaas. 
The  Delawares  were  lately  hoftile,  but 
made  peace  with  the  United  States,  1795, 
and  ceded  fome  lands.  The  United  States, 
o*n  the  other  hand,  have  engaged  to  pay 
them  in  goods,  to  the  value  of  1000  dolls". 
a  year  for  ever.  Formerly  the  Delawares 
could  furnifli  600  wariors  ;  but  their 
number  is  confiderably  decfeafcd  by  war 
fince  that  time, 

Delaijuare  'Toiunjhlp,  in  the  COUnty  of 
Suffolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  river  Thames,  On  the  plains  above 
the  Delaware  village  of  Indians, 

Deli'verance,  Cape,  is  the  S  E  point  of  the 
land  of  Louiliade.  Bougainvill^e  was  here, 
and  named  it  in  1768. 

Del  Rey,  a  captainfhip  in  the  fouthcrn 
divifion  of  Brazil,  whofe  chief  town  is  St. 
Salvadore. 

Del  Spirrtu  Santo,  a  rivef  which  falls  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  N  W  end  of 
the  peninfula  of  Florida. 

Demarara^  a  river  in  Dutch  Guiana,  iri 
S.  A:merica,  is  about  two  miles  wide  at  its 
mouth,  oppofite  the  fort,  on  the  E  bank 
of  the  river,  and  about  45  miles  diftant 
from  Abary  creek.  It  is  fcarcely  a  mile 
wide,  12  miles  above  the  fort ;  and  its 
courfe  is  from  S  to  N.  It  is  navigable' 
upwards  of  200  miles  for  vefTels  whitlr 
can  pafs  the  bar  at  its  mouth,  which  is  a 
mud  bank,  not  having  above  24  feet  at 
the  highefl:  tides.  The  difference  between 
high  and  low  water  mark,  is  from  10  to; 
12  feet.  The  fort,  if  properly  fupplied" 
with  men  and  ammunition,  is  able  effec- 
tually to  guard  its  entrance,  Stacbroeck;- 
the  feat  of  gov..*rnm.^nt,  Hands  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  river,  i\  miles  ;ibove  the  fort.- 

Dcmarara,  a  difi.ri6l  in  Dutch  Guiana, 
which,  together  with  Effequebo,  form  one 
government,  and  have  the  fame  court  of 
police,  but  each  ha.^  a  fcparate  court  of 
juftice.  The  two  diftricSts  contain  about 
3000  whites,  and  40,000  flaves.  Dema- 
rara  R.  which  gives  name  to  the  diflricl, 
palfcs  through  u,and  is  ufually  vifited  by 
40  or  JO  \vii^  fliips  from  tlolland,  who 

oftea 


BEM 


X)  E  R 


»ften  make  two  voyages  in  a  year,  btM^ 
Upwards  of  ajo  fmaller  veffcis,  under  the 
Dutch  and  other  flags.  The  plantations 
arc  regularly  Uid  out  in  lets  along  the 
fca  iliore,  called  facades,  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  wide,  and  extending  |ths  of  a 
mile  back  into  the  countr)\  Each  lot 
tontaias  about  ajo  acres  each  ;  and  when 
fully  cultivated,  the  proprietor  may  ob- 
tain a  fimiiar  tracl  back  of  the  fird:,  and 
fo  on  in  progrellion.  Each  lot  will  con- 
tain i2C,coo  cotton  trees,  averaging  ufu- 
ally  half  a  pound  a  tree.  Such  a  planta- 
tion is  reckoned  well  ftnckcd  to  have  lao 
negroes.  The  iliores  of  the  rivers  and 
creeks  are  chiefly  planted  with  cofFce,  to 
the  diftance  Of  abont  30  miles  from  the 
fea  ;  thence  30  miles  further  up,  the 
foil  becomes  clayey  and  more  lit  for  fugar 
canes.  Beyond  thifi,  the  iineft  kinds  of 
v/ood,  for  building,  furniture,  &c.  are  cut. 
The  following  is  an  account  of  all  the 
Jjroduce  iliipped  from  the  colonits  of 
Dcmarara,  and  its  dependencies,  from 
Jan.  I,  1798,  to  Jan.  i,  iSoZj  taken  from 
the  Cuftom  Houfe  books. 


Britifh, 
Foreign  J 


isels.  S'lgar.    Rinn. 
Hhds.  Punchs. 


125 
77 


5 '77 
1-95 


2P- 


Cottein. 

Ba.l-es.. 

14,900 

9 


Pounds. 
5.8,-3>998 
-  ^32.3^7 


1,799- 
Britini, 

202 

6472 

1714 

14,9(9 

6,146,325 

141 

3?-34 

105 

.5.769 

3.-^9v59i 

Forciga, 

71 

I  593 

306 

r_5!,2^6 

■  ' 

1800. 
Britifh, 

2i2 

5>8^ 

501 

15,769 

3,846,377 

206' 

82a  ■[ 

,.98 

3W4^6 

11,324,608 

Foreign, 

90 

.2i6o 

•  S-^o 

i4 

___ 

2yo 

10,361 

349« 

3 ',470 

11,633.136 

\2o\. 

Britifh, 

229 

12,563 

1P04 

2I,6>0 

9^754^99^ 

l^orcign. 

116 

.1,761 

1760 

1 

8^,,2:.6 

345 

14.-6+ 

3564 

21,641 

io,59.S;?4 

9-77        83,759      ::)2,222,562 

34,643  ftivcs  wer6  lift  ported  from  Jan. 
1798,  to  Jan.  t,  1 802. 

Dsmi  ^uian^  a  river,  fwamp  and  lake 
<>w  the  wcftern  fide  of  Illinois  R.  in  the 
N.  W.  territory.  The  river  runs  a  S  S  E 
courfe,is  navigable  120  miles,  and  has  the 
fwamp  of  its  name  on  the  northern  bank 
near  its  mouth  ;  wlu'ch  lafl:  is  50  yards 
•<vide,  32  miles  above  Sagamond,  and  165 
/niles  above  the  MifTifippl.  The  lake  is 
of  a  circular  form,  2CO  yards  W  of  the 
river,  is  6  miles  acrofs,  and  empties  into 
the  Illinois  by  a  fmall  paffage  4  feet  deep, 
171  miles  from  the  Miffifippl. 

Deny  I  R.  a  fmall  river  in  "^Vaflilngtcn 
CO.  Ma^ne,  22  miles  E  of  Machias.  Its 
fource  is  in  a  pond  about  6  or  8  miles 
Yd:..  I.  S 


long,  and  about -2  miles  wide,  called  Me* 
dabemps,  iu  which  :.rc  the  corners  of  4 
townlliips  or  plantations,  progrefling  iii 
ftttltment,  viz.  No.  6,  7,  15, and  16  Af- 
ter running  a  S  eafl  riy  tourfe  about  15 
or  20  miles,  it  joins  the  N  branch  of  Kob- 
befkook,  and  palEng  by  Eaflport  en  the 
N,  empties  into  the  Wtft  paflagc,  fo  called, 
between  Campo  Bello,  and  the  main. 
The  country  between  tliis  river  and  M.^- 
thiasjin  I  794,was  a  wildcrntfs.  The  bulks 
of  the  river  were  at  this  tiine  thinly  icttled 
by  a  regular  and  wc'irdifpolcd  f^  oplc". 

BenyfvUte,  a  pcfl  tO"\vn  of  Wafliington  co, 
Maine  27  miles  E  of  Machi.is. 

Detniis,  a  poft  town  in  Barnftrible  co. 
Maflachufetu,  incorporated  into  a  tov.-n- 
n^iip  in  1793,  and  is  80  miles  S  E  from 
Bofton,  and  8  from  Earnftable,  and  con- 
tains 1408  inhabitants.  In  this  town  ?.ve 
the  villages  of  Nobfculfett,  of  5a  hoafcs, 
and  Suet  of  36  houfes. 

D.ni'is  Creek,  in  Cape  ATay  c6,  N.  Jerfcy  ; 
the  poll  office  here  is  219  miles  from  Vrafli- 
ington. 

Deiifot'.,  the  chief  and  poft  town  of  Car- 
oline CO.  in  Maryland,  on  the  E  fide  of 
Choptank  creek,  the  E  main  branch  ot 
Choptank  R.  It  is  laid  out  regularly,  and 
has  a  few  houfes,  and  lies  7  miles  S  c£ 
GreenflDorough,  and  37  S  S  E  of  Chefter. 
Deptfurd,  a  town  ia  Glcuccfter  co.  N, 
Jerfey. 

Derby^  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  N  fine  of  the  ftate,  on  the  E 
fliore  of  lake  MeiTiphfcmagcg. 

Derby,  a  pofl  town  in  New  I-Iaveri  ^o. 
Connedlicut,  on  the  pomt  of  land  formed' 
by  the  confluence  of  Naugatuck  and  Hou- 
fatonick  rivers.  This  town  was  .'ettled  in 
1665,  under  New  Haven  jurifdidlion,  and 
is  now  divided  into  two  pariflies,  and  has 
an  academy.  It  has  a  ecnfidcrable  trade 
with  the  W.  Indies  for  io  fm'll  a  town, 
and  a  ntimbei  of  mills  on  the  f  :L's  of  Nau- 
gatuck,  and  fl:reams  \vhioh  fall  into  it, 
and  iron  arid  oth^r  works  on  Eight  mile  R. 
which  falls  into  the  Houfatonick,  which 
is  naArigable  1 2  miles  to  this  to^^  n.  It  has' 
1878  inhabitants 

Derby ^  Or  Darby,  Ub>ier  and  Lotver,  in. 
Delaware  co.  Pennfylvania,  ccntainir.g, 
the  former  5^62,  the  larter  9S0  inhabitants, 
7  miles  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Dsny,  a  tcwnflu'p  in  Dauphin  co.  Fenn- 
fylvania,  on  the  E  fide  of  Sv.  C^ara  creek^^ 
2  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Suf- 
quehanna,  and  celebrated  for  its  curious 
cave.  See  Dauphin  Cc.  It  has  1666  in- 
habit2X.ts. 


DET 


ISEf 


Jyar-ry,  a  town  in  MiiHin  cO.  Pennfylva- 
t&z,  1 1 35  inhabitants.  There  is  another 
town  of  this  name  In  Northumberland  co 
which  has  1570  inhabitants. 

Derryjield,  a  townflaip  in  N.  Hampfliire , 
on  the  E  bank  of  Merrimack  R.  Hillfbor- 
ough  CO.  containing  557  inhabitants,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1751.  It  is  a  good 
tradt  of  land,  has  2  Prefbyterian  nieeting 
houfes,  and  was  originally  fettled  by  a 
company  from  Ireland.  A  fair  is  annually 
held  here.   It  is  4a  miles  W  o:  Portfmouth. 

Deruyter^  a  poll  town  of  Chenango  go. 
N.York,  S  of  Cazenoviaj  adjoining.  It 
has  310  inhabitants. 

D:f^quadero,  a  river  In 'Peru,  over  which 
the  Ynca  Huana  Capac  built  a  biidge  of 
flags  and  ruilies,  to  tranfport  his  army  to 
the  other  fide,  and  which  remained  a  few 
years  fmce. 

DdfeaJa,  Beftrada^  or  Deftderada,  the  firll 
of  the  Caribbee  iflands,  di  covered  by  Co- 
liimbus  in  his  fecoad  voyage,  anno  1494, 
when  he  gave  It  that  name.  It  is  lituated 
E  of  Guadaloupe,  and  fubject  to  the 
French ;  and  is  of  little  confequence  ex- 
cept in  time  of  vrar,  when  it  is  the  refort 
of  a  number  of  privateers.  It  is  ■  o  miles 
long  and  .5  broad,  and  looks  at  a  diftance 
like  a  galley,  with  a  low  point  at  the  N 
W  end.  The  Spaniards  make  this  in  tlieir 
way  to  America,  as  well  as  Guadaloupe. 
N  lat.  r6  40  Wlon.  61  20. 

Dcfc.ada,  or  Caps  Dnjrre,  the  fouthelll 
point  of  the  flraits  of  Magellan,  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, at  the  entrance  of  the  South  Sea.  'S 
lat.  53  4,  Ion.  74  18  W. 

Defer i  I/land,  Mount,  on  the  COafi:  of  the 
diflrlcl  of  Maine,  Maflachufctts,  contains 
about  100  families,  divided  into  two  dif- 
ferent fettiements,  about  15  miles  apart. 

Defdfpclr,  Cape,  or  Drfpair,  on  the  north- 
ern fide  of  Chaleur  bay,  is  about  3  leagues 
W  S  W  of  Bonaventure  Ifknd.  There  is 
a  large  cod  fifliery  here. 

JDsfpau;.  2  bay  on  the  S  weftern  fide  of 
NewfoTindland  Ifland,  adjoining  to  Fortune 
bay  on  the  N  eaftward ;  which  fee. 

Del^yuB'ion  IJland^  lies  offthe  coafl  of  New 
Albion,  in  lat.  47  3  7  N,  Ion.  1 24  1 1  W.  It 
is  about  a  league  In  circumference,  level, 
and  almoft  entirely  barren,  producing  a 
few  dwarf  trees  only,  although  the  coun- 
try to  the  fouthward  of  it,  exhibits  an 
appearance  of  the  greateft  fertility. 

Kanccwvar . 
Detour,  in  U.  Canada,  the  entrance  into 
lake  Huron  from  Muddy  lake,  to  the  S 
and  W  of  St.  Jofeph's  ifland. 

Dctourt  on  the  N  fliore  of  lake  Huron, 


lies  a  little  to  the  E  of  the  iilcs  au  i^erpsnS- 
Dctcur  Point,  is  on  the  W  main,  in  the 
ilrait  made  by  St.  Jofeph's  illand. 

Detour  des  Anglais,  or  EngVfi  Turn,  Is  Jl' 
circular  diredlion  of  the  river  MiilifippI, 
fo  very  confiderable,  that  vefiels  cannot 
pafs  it  ^ .  ith  the  fame  wind  that  conducted 
them  to  it,  and  mufl  either  wait  for  a  fa- 
vourable wind,  or  m-ake  faft  to  the  bank, 
and  haul  clofe  ;  there  being  fuflicient 
depth  of  water  for  any  veuel  that  can  en- 
ter the  river.  The  two  forts  and  bat* 
teries  at  this  place  on  both  fides  the  river, 
are  more  than  fufiicient  to  Abp  the  prog- 
refs  of  any  veflel  whatever.  Dr.  Cox,  of 
N.  Jerfey,  afcended  the  MifTifippI  to  this 
place,  anno  1698,  took  pofTeirjon  and  call- 
ed thccotintry  Carolina.  It  lies  18  milei 
belov/  New  Orleans,  and  87  above  the 
Ballze.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  fet- 
tled and 'Well  cultivated  from  this  to  New 
Oriean3,  and  there  is  a  good  road  for  car- 
riages all  the  way.  Hutchhis. 

D'Etro'ity  a  port  and  principal  tov/n  and 
the  befl:  fortified,  in  the  country  N  W  of 
the  Ohio  river.  It  is  the  chief  town  of 
the  CO.  or  territory  of  Wayne,  ajid  is  fit- 
uated  on  the  weftern  bank  of  the  ftrait  St. 
Clair,  or  D'Etroit  R.  between  lake  Erie 
and  lake  St.  Clair  ;  18  oiiles  N  of  the  W 
end  of  the  former,  and  9  miles  below  the' 
latter.  Fort  D'Etroit  is  of  an  oblong  fig- 
ure, tuUt  with  ftockades,  and  advanta- 
geoufiy  fkuated,wlt!i  one  entire  fide  com- 
manding the  river.  It  Is  near  a  mile  in 
circumference,  and  enclofes  about  300 
houfes  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church;  built 
in  a  regular  manner,  with  parallel  ftreet* 
crolling  each  other  at  right  angles.  Its^ 
fituation  is  delightful,  and  in  the  centre 
of  a  pleafant  and  fruitful  countrj'-.  For  8 
miles  beloviT,  and  the  fame  diftance  abovt^ 
Fort  D'Etroit.  on  both  fides  ©f  the  river, 
the  country  is  divided  into  regular  and 
well  cultivated  plantations  ;  and  from  the- 
contigulty  of  the  farmers'  houfes  to  each 
other,  they  appear  as  two  long  extended 
villages.  The  Inhabitants,  who  were  mofl:- 
ly  French,  were  about  xoooln  number  in 
i7'/8,  50c  of  vvhom  v.'ere  as  good  markf- 
men  as  the  Indians  themfc'ves,  and  as  v/ell 
accuftonied  to  the  wixxis.  They  raife  large 
fi:ocks  of  black  cattle,  and  great  quantities 
of  corn,  which  they  grind  by  windmills, 
and  manufaAure  Into  excellent  flour.  The 
chief  trade  of  D'Etroit  confifls  in  a  barter 
of  coarfe  European  goods  with  the  natives 
for  furs,  deer  fklns,  tallow,  tScc.  By  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  Aug.  3, 1795,  the  In- 
diana have  ceded  to  the  United  States  the 

p«fb 


jDEW 


BIS 


'Ijort  of  D'Etrolt,  and  all  the  land  to  the  1>I>  i 
tiie  W  and  the  S  of  it,  of  which  the  Indian  | 
title  has   been   extinguillied   by  ^ifts   or  I 
grants  to  the  French  or  Englilli  govern-  : 
ments,  and  ib  much  more  land  is  to  be  an-  ' 
uexed  to  D'Etrolt  as  {liall  be  comprehend- 
ed between  Rofme  R.  on  ihe  S  ;  lake  St. 
Clair    ou  the  N  ;  and  a  line,  the  general 
coiirfe  whereof  fliall  be  6  miies  from  the 
W  end  of  kke  Erie   and  D'Etroit  river. 
The  fort,  &c.  was  delivered  up  by  the 
Britiili  in  July,  1796,  according  to  treaty. 
It  lies    18  miles  N  of  lake  Erie,  724  N  W 
bv  W  from  Philadelphia.     N   lat.  4%  40, 
W  Ion.  8256. 

D'EtroH  Rl-osr,  or  Strait  of  St.  Clair,  iiFues 
from  lake  St.  Clair  and  enters  the  W  end 
.of  lake  Erie,  forming  part  of  the  boundai-y 
between  the  United  States  and  U.  Canada. 
In  afceading  it,  its  entrance  is  more  than 
3  miles  wide,but  it  perceptibly  diminiflies; 
•fo  that  oppolite  the  fort,  18  miles  from 
lake  Erie,  it  does  not  exceed  half  a  mile  in 
width;  from  thence  to  lake  St.  Clair  it 
widens  to  more  than  a  mile.  The  chan- 
nel of  theftrait  is  gentle,  and  wide  and  deep 
enough  for  iliipping  of  great  burden,  al- 
though it  is  incommoded  by  i'everal  iflands, 
one  of  which  is  more  than  7  miles  in  length. 
Thefe  iilands  are  of  a  fertile  foil,  and  from 
their  fituation  aflbrda  very  agreeable  ap- 
pearance. The  length  of  the  river  is  a8 
miles ;  and  fevcral  ftreams  fall  into  it  chief- 
ly from  the  N  W,  viz.  Bauche,  Clora,  Cur- 
riere,  D'Etroit,  and  Huron  rivers.  There 
are  feveral  windmills  on  the  D'Etroit,  and 
an  orchard  adjoining  almofl  every  houfe. 
The  fettlers  are  numerous,  and  the  im- 
provements handfome  and  cxtenfive. 
When  the  fruit  trees  are  in  blofibm,  the 
profpedt  as  yovi  pafs  through  the  ftrait  is 
perhaps  as  debghtful  as  any  in  the  world. 

D'Etroit,  le  Petit,  on  the  Ottawa  R.  U, 
Canada,  i^  below  the  upper  main  forks  of 
the  Ottawa  R. 

DeviVs  Mouth,  a  name  given  by  failors 
to  a  frightful  volcano,  near  Leon  Nicara- 
guay  ?%  New  Spain,  near  the  lake.  N  lat. 
13  ro,W  Ion.  65  10. 

DeviVs  Nofj,  a  promontory  on  the  S  fide 
of  lake  Ontario,  16  miles  E  of  Fifliing  bay, 
and  23  N  W  of  the  mouth  of  GenciTee  R. 

De^iVs  I/Iand,  on  the  E  fide  of  Chefapeak 
bay,  is  in  Somerfet  co.  Maryland,  between 
Fifliing  bay  and  Naokia  river. 

Deivaert,  an  inconfiderable  iHand  lying 
at  fome  diftance  E  of  Terra  Magellanrca, 
S.  America.  It  had  its  name  from  the 
lirfl:  difcoverer. 

JOfweet  an  idand  in  S.  Carolina,  which 


forms  one  of  the  three  harbours  of  Charles- 
ton city. 

Biu'ile,  IJlss  auy  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
Ih  U,  Canada,  lies  between  the  !fie  au  Long 
Sault,  and  the  townflilp  of  Ofnabi  uck. 

Diamond^or  Rnund  Ijland,  One  of  the  Gren- 
adille;,  in  the  W.  Indies.      See  Rhonde  ijle. 

Dlckenfon  College.  See  CarVif.c,  in  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Dicli's  R.  in  Kentucky,  is  a  brarch  of 
Kentucky  R.  which  it  joins  in  a  N  W  di- 
re<ilion.  It  is  about  50  miles  long,  and 
45  yards  wide  at  the  mouth,  and  has  a 
number  of  excellent  mill  feats,  and  runs 
through  a  body  of  firft  rate  land. 

Dicktvajjet,  OX  Digdg-uajh,  a  river,  in  the 
Britllb  province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  which 
empties  into  Paflamaquoddy  bay. 

Du'li  Toixin.  or  Deep  Toivn,  a  town  on 
the  N.  weftern  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Chriftopher's  in  the  W.  Indies,  on  a  bay 
of  the  fame  name- 

Dighy,  fituatedontheS  E  fide  of  Annapo- 
lis bay,  18  miles  S  W  of  Annapolis,  and 
$i  N  by  E  of  Yarmouth,  is  one  of  the  mofl: 
conliderable  of  the  new  fettlements  in 
Nova  Scotia. 

Digges  Cape,  on  the  S  fide  of  Hudfon 
ftraiis  N  lat.  6a  41,  W  Ion.  78    •o. 

Dighton,  a  pcft  town  in  Briftol  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  7  miles  from  Taunton,  and  20 
from  Warren^  in  Rhode  Ifland.  There 
are  in  the  tow-^nfliip,  1666  inhabitants. 

Dinividdie,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  S  of  Appa- 
mattojx  R.  which  divides  ic  from  Chefter- 
field.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and  20 
broad,  and  its  chief  town  is  PetS'-fburg. 
The  CO.  contains  4987  free  inhabitants, 
and  6866  Haves 

Difappointment,  a  bay  on  the  N  W  coaft 
of  N.  America.     N  lat.  52  15,  W  Ion.  129. 

D'.fmal,  a  fwamp  in  the  townfliip  of 
Milton,  Lincoln  co  Maine. 

Difmal  Sxvamp,  called  the  Great  D'fmaly 
to.difbnguifh  it  from  ;;notiier  fwamp  call- 
ed Difmal,  in  Currituck  co.  is  a  very  large 
bog  extending  from  N  to  S  near  30  miles, 
and  from  E  to  W  at  a  medium  about  10 
miles  ;  partly  in  Virginia^  and  partly  in 
N.  Carolina.  No  lels  than  5  navigable 
rivers,  befide  creeks,  rife  from  it  ;  two 
run  into  Virginia,  viz.  the  S  branch  of 
Elizabeth,  and  the  S  branch  of  Nanfe- 
mondriver,and  3  into  N.  Carolina, namely, 
N.  R.  N.  W.  R.  and  Perquimons.  All  thefe 
hide  their  heads,  p^-operly  fpeaking,  in 
the  Difmal,  there  being  no  fig.s  of  them 
above  ground.  For  this  reafcn  therd 
mufl  be  plentiful  fubterranecus  ftorea 
of  water  to  feed  fo  many  rivers,  or   elle 

tke 


DIS 


BOG 


the  foil  is  fo  replete  with  this  element, 
drained  from  the  high  lands  that  fun-ouncl 
it,  that  it  can  abundantly  afford  thei'e 
fupplies.  This  is  mofl  px-obable,  as  the 
ground  of  the  fwamp  is  a  mere  quagmire, 
trembling  under  the  feet  of  thofe  that 
walk  upon  it,  and  every  imprefHun  is  in- 
ftantly  filled  with  water.  I'he  ikirts  of 
.the  fwamp,  towards  the  E  are  overgrown 
with  reeds,  lO  or  i  2  feet  high,  interfperf- 
ed  every  where  v/Ith  llrong  bamboo  briers. 
"lAmong  thefe  grow  here  and  there  acvpirefs 
or  white  cedar,  which  la(i  is  commonly 
ini'fikca  for  the  juniper  Towards  the  S 
end  ul:  '>i  is  a  large  tra<£t  of  reeds,  which 
being  conftantly  green,  and  waving  in  the 
wind,  is  called  the  green  fea.  hi'  many 
parts,  efpecially  on  the  borders,  gro'vs  an 
everg'-eea  Ihrub,  very  plentifully,  called 
the  grU  bufh.  It  bears  a  berry  which 
dies  a  l>lajk  colour  like  the  gall  of  an  oak, 
whence  it  has  its  name.  Near  the  middle 
of  the  Difmal  tlie  trees  grow  riiuch  thick- 
er, both  cyprefs  and  ced;)r.  Thefe  being 
always  green,  and  loaded  with  very  large 
tops,  are  much  expofed  to  the  wind  and 
eafjly  blown  down  the  boggy  ground  af- 
fording but  a  (leader  hold  to  the  roots. 
jN''eicher  beafl.  bird,  infect  or  reptile,  ap- 
proach the  heart  of  this  horrible  defert  ; 
perhaps  deterred  by  the  everlafting  iliade, 
fcccafioned  by  the  th'ck  fhrubs  and  bufli- 
es,  hich  the  fun  can  never  penetrate  to 
vv^rm  the  earth  :  nor  indeed  do  any  birds 
care  to  fly  over  it,  any  more  than  ihey  are 
faid  to  dp  over  the  Uke  Avernus,  for 
fear  of  the  noifome  exhalations  that  rife 
from  this  vatt  body  of  filth  and  naflinefs, 
Thef^  noxious  vapours  infecft  the  air 
round  about,  giving  agues  and  other  dif- 
tcmpeis  to  the  neighbouring  inhabitants. 
On  the  weftern  border  of  the  Difmal  is  a 
pine  fwamp,  above  a  mile  in  breadth, 
great  part  of  which  is  covered  with  water 
Icnce  deep  ;  tlie  bottom,  however,  is  firm, 
and  the  pines  grow  very  tali,  and  are  not 
eafily  bio.  n  down  by  the  wind.  With  all 
thele  di -advantages,  the  Difmal  is,  in  ma- 
ny places;  pleafing  to  the  eye,  though  dif- 
agreeablc  to  the  other  fenfes  This  dread- 
fa!  fwamp  was  judged  impa/lable,  till  the 
line,  dividing  Virginia  from  N.  Carolina, 
Avas  carried  through  it,  in  N  lat.  ^6  28,  in 
the  year  i-'aS,  by  order  of  king  George 
II.  Although  it  happened  then  to  be  a 
very  dry  feafon,  the  men  virho  were  em- 
ployed in  pu filing  the  line  were  not  alto- 
gether free  from  apprehenfions  of  being 
ftarved;  it  being  10  whole  days  before 
the  work  was  accornpliflied,  though  they 


ptoceeded  with  all  poffible  diligence  and! 
refolution,  and  beiide  had  no  difafter  t© 
retard  them.  This  fwamp  is  cneifly  own- 
ed by  two  companies.  The  Virginia  com- 
pany, of  which  Gen. Washington  was 
one,  owns  100,000  acres  :  the  N.  Carolina 
company  owns  40,000  acr^s.  In  the 
midfl:  of  the  fwamp  is  a  lake,  about  7 
miles  long,  called  Drummond's  pond, 
v/hofe  wateis  difcharge  themfelves  to  th? 
S  into  Pafquotank  river,  which  empties 
into  Albemarle  found ;  on  the  N  into 
Elizabeth  and  Nanfemond  rivers,  which 
fall  into  James  R.  A  navigable  canal  is 
now  digging  to  connect  the  navigable 
yvaters  of  the  Pafquotank  and  Elizabeth 
rivers.      The   diftance   about    ij     miles. 


This 


.will  pafs  about  a  mile  E  of 


Drummond's  pond,  and  will  receive  water 
from  it.  The  canal  company  are  incorpo- 
rated by  the  concurring  laws  of  Virginia 
and  N.  Carolina.  Thii  canal,  when  finilli- 
ed,  will  open  an  inland  navigation  from. 
the  head  of  Chefapeak  bay,  including  all 
tlie  rivers  in  Virginia,  to  Georgetown  in 
S.  Carolina  :  and  when  the  fliort  canal 
from  Elk  river  to  Chrifliana  creek  is 
opened,  the  communication  will  extend 
to  Philadelphia  and  the  other  ports  con- 
nected with  Delaware  river.  Such  an  ex- 
tenfive  inland  communication  muft  be 
beneficial  in  time  of  peace,  and  in  time 
of  war  will  be  efTentially  ferviceable.  " 

Dixon  s  Sound,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  is  the  pafTage  into  the  found  be- 
tween the  main  land  and  Waflilngton's  or 
Queen  Chairlotte's  iflands,  from  the  N  W. 
This  feems  tO  be  v/hat  is  called  in  Ameri- 
ca B.zrreWs  Sound  ;  which  fee. 

Dhcjield,  a  toMm  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  bank  of  Androfcoggln  R. 
having  Jay  on  the  E,  and  Wilton  N,  about 
70  miles  N  of  Portland. 

Dixhills,  apoft  town, Suffolk  co.  N.  York, 
290  milcp  N  E  of  Wafhington. 

Dixon  s  Springs,  in  Smith  CO.  TenefTeov 
I-Iere  is  a  pofl  office,  691  mileS' W  by  S 
from  Wafliington. 

Dobb^s  Ferry,  on  Hudfon  R.  is  a6  miles 
above  N.  York  city. 

Dcgs  JJland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
iflands,  W  of  Virgin  Gorda,  and  E  of  Tor- 
tula.     N  lat.  18  20,  W  Ion.  62  <,$. 

Dog  Ribbed  Ind'ans,  inhabit  round  lake 
F.4Un(Je,  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  America. 
They  are  often  at  war  v/ith  the  Athapuf- 
cow  Indians.  Both  thefe  tribes  are  among 
the  moll  f^Avage  of  the  human  race.  They 
trade  with  the  Hudfon  bay  company's 
fettlements.  Edlande  lake  lies  N  of  the 
Athapufcev^ 


DOM 


DOM 


Athapufcow  fea,  or  lake,  and  near  the 
ardlic  circle. 

Domingo,  St.  an  ifiand  in  tlie  Atlantic 
©cean,  at  the  entrance  of  the  gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, is  the  largefl:  of  the  four  great  Antilles, 
except  the  ifiand  of  Cuba,  and  proved  the 
cradle  of  European  power  in  the  new 
world.  Chrlflopher  Columbus  landed  on 
it  the  6th  of  Dec.  14, '2.  The  natives 
called  it  Hayti,  fignifying  high  or  moun- 
tainous land  Cliarlevoix  fays  it  was 
Called  Qilfqueya,  that  is,  great  country,  or 
mother  pf  .  ountries.  Others  fay  it  had 
the  name  of  Boljiu,  which  .Tieans,  a  country 
full  of  habitations  and  villages.  Columbus 
called  it  Hiffaniola, or  Little  Spain,  which 
name  the  Spaniards  ftill  retain,  though  St. 
Domingo  is  the  name  commonly  ufcd  by 
other  nations ;  fo  called  from  St.  Bo'/k  rp, 
the  capital  of  the  Spanixli  part  ;  v/hich 
was  thus  named  by  Columbus  in  honor 
of  his  father.  St.  Domingo  is  fituated  be- 
tween 17  _';s  and  ao  N  lat.  and  between 
71  and  77  W  Ion  from  Paris.  It  lies  45 
leagues  E  N  E  of  Jamaica,  22  S  E  of  Cuba, 
and  20  N  W  by  W  of  Porto  Rico  ;  and  is, 
not  including  the  fmall  dependent  ifiands 
that  furround  it,  1 60  leagues  long  from  E 
to  W,  and  from  60  to  70  broad  from  N  to 
S.  When  the  Spaniards  difcovered  the 
ifiand,  there  v/ere  on  it  at  leafl:  a  mill- 
ion of  happy  inhabitants,  and  Bartholo- 
mew de  las  Cafas  fays  there  were  three 
millions.  Such,  however,  were  the  cruel- 
ties of  the  Spaniards,  and  to  fuch  an  infa- 
mous height  did  they  carry  their  opprcf- 
Con  of  the  poor  natives,  that  they  were 
Veduced  to  60,000  in  the  fliort  fpace  of  15 
years  !  It  formed  five  kingdoms,  each  gov- 
erned by  fovereigns  called  caciques.  The 
names  of  thefe  kingdoms  were  ^Maqua, 
J\<raricn,  Higuay,  J\dagitana,  and  Xaraguay. 
The  Spaniards  had  polTeffion  of  the  whole 
of  the  ifland  for  1 20  years.  At  laft,  about 
the  year  1630,  a  handful  of  Englifli, 
French,  and  other  Europeans,  came  and 
forced  them  to  fight  in  its  defence,  and 
after  repeated  wars  for  50  years,  they 
were  forced  to  divide  tlie  ifiand  with  the 
French.  Thefe  latter,  being  the  only  fur- 
vlvors  of  the  firft  freebooters  or  bucca- 
niers,  or  having  infenfibiy  acquired  an 
afccndency  among  them,  had,  fo  early  as 
1640,  formed  this  alTembly  of  individuals, 
born  under  the  domination  of  almofl 
sll  the  powers  of  Europe,  into  a  French 
colony,  under  the  direction  of  the  general 
g07ernment,  firfl  eftabliflied  at  St.  Chriflo- 
phers,  and  afterwards  at  Martinico.  Tlic 
Spanin:-  part  is  by  f^r  the-raofl  extenftve 


and  the  rioH:  fertile ;  that  of  the  Frendi 
the  befl  cultivated.  The  v/hole  i!lan4 
now  belongs  to  the  French  republic,  the 
Spaniards  having  ceded  their  part  of  it  tq» 
that  power  in  the  trerity  of  1795.  The 
Spaniards,  however  ungrateful  to  the  dif- 
coverer  of  the  new  world  during  his  life, 
would  not  leave  his  duft  out  of  ilieir  ter- 
ritories. The  remains  of  Columbus,  who 
died  the  aoth  of  May,  1506,  were  liril  ^^ 
pofifed  in  Seville,  afterwards  removed  to 
the  cathedral  in  the  city  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  laflly  conveyed  to  the  Havannah  in  ^ 
74  gun  ilr'p  ;  and  on  the  191!)  of  January, 
1796,  all  tJtat  was  mortal  of  that  great 
man,  was  committed  to  tlie  earth  the  third 
time,  with  great  parade  and  ceremony- 
The  French  and  Spanifh  territories,  which 
are  notv  rrJted  under  one  head,  are  both 
ahke  in  pofTelling  the  various  prcdudtion* 
common  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  European 
cattle  are  fo  multiplied  here,  that  they  run 
wild  in  the  woods  ;  few  of  thefe  aj  e  in 
the  French  part,  in  comparifon  with  the 
Spaniili.  The  two  great  chains  of  moun- 
tains, which  extend  from  1'^  to  W,  and 
their  numerous  fpurs,  give  the  ifiand  an 
afpecPc,  at  a  diflance,  not  fo  favourable  as 
it  defervc?.  They  are,  however,  the  caufe 
of  the  fertility  of  the  ifiand.  They  give 
fource  to  innumerable  rivers,  repel  the 
violence  of  the  winds,  vary  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  air,  and  multiply  the  refources 
of  human  induftry.  They  abound  with 
excellent  timber,  and  mines  of  iron,  lead, 
copper,  fllver,  gold,  fome  precious  ftcnes, 
and  even  mercury.  Here  are  the  moun- 
tains of  Cibaoy  Selley  and  Hotte,  reckoned 
loco  fathoms  above  the  level  of  the  fea. 
In  the  bowels  of  the  firll,  the  cruel  Span- 
iards condemned  thoufands  of  the  native* 
to  facrifice  their  lives,  in  fearch  of  gold. 
The  mines  are  not  now  worked.  In  the 
plains,  in  the  Spanifli  part,  the  heat  is 
nearly  uniform,  but  varies  in  proportion 
to  their  diflance  from  the  fountains.  In 
the  plains,  the  thermometer  is  fometimes 
at  99.  In  the  mountains  it  rarely  rife» 
above  77.  There  the  nights  are  cool 
enough  to  render  a  blanket  not  unwel- 
come ;  and  there  are  mountains  where 
even  a  fire  is  a  very  agreeable  companion 
in  fom.e  evenings.  The  contrail  of  vio-? 
lent  heats  and  heavy  rains  renders  St. 
Doming  humid ;  hence  the  tarniflied  ap- 
pearance of  almoft:  all  metals,  however 
baUiant  the  poliHi  they  may  originally 
i.ave  had.  This  is  particularly  obfervable 
on  the  fea  fhore,  which  is  more  unhealthy 
:han  the  interior  parts  of  the  ifiand,  Th» 
foutheri^ 


DOU 


DOM 


-fbi'itkern  part  of  the  ifland  is  fub]ci!t  to 
jMirricanes,  called  here  fouthern  gales, 
tecaufe  they  are  not  attended  with  iuch 
'<ireadful  coafequences  as  the  hurricanes 
in  the  windward  iHands.  The  Spauifli 
part  is  computed  to  contain  about  90 
iaaguca  in  its  greatefl:  length  from  E  to 
W,  60  leagues  in  its  greaiefl  breadth  ; 
having  a  furface  of  about  3200  fquare 
leagues.  About  400  fquare  leagues  ot  this 
furface  is  in  mountains,  which  are  gener- 
ally more  capable  of  cultivation  than  thcfe 
an  the  French  part,  and  have  fonsetimes  a 
ibil  tl^at  difputes  the  preference  with  that 
of  the  vallies.  There  reniains,  therefore, 
a  fine  fertile  furface  of  more  than  2700 
:fquare  leagues,  divided  into  vallies  and 
plains  of  various  lengths  and  breadths. 
Many  circumilances  confpired  to  render 
this  idand  a  place  of  importance  to  the 
Spaniards.  It  was  a  key  to  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  a  convenient  place  <"or  their  flip- 
ping to  touch  at,  an  excellent  rendezvous 
for  their  fquadrons  and  fleets,  and  an  im- 
portant hold  for  naval  operations  of  all 
forts  ;  but  from  the  impolitic  mcafures  of 
the  government,  and  the  reflraints  on 
commerce,  it  proved  rather  a  burden  than 
an  advantage  to  the  mother  country. 
The  cantons  or  jurifdicSrions,  beginning  r.t 
the  wefternmofi:  point  of  the  Gpaniiu 
frontiers,  on  the  fouthern  coaft  or  nar- 
rows, are,  B^harnco.  (poiTelTed  by  the  brig- 
ands or  fugitive  Spanifh  and  French  ne- 
groes, who  inhabit  the  mountain  of  Baho- 
jFuco)  Neybe,  Aztray  Bant  or  Vani,  tlie  city 
■ox  St.  Domingo,  and  terrilory  dependent 
thereon,.S'/.Za/.r^fljf  da  Mines,  Soft'tru:,  Cotuy^ 
Jja  Vega,  St.  Togo,  Daxahon,  Si.  Raphael, 
Hinche,  Baniqus,  and  SL  ^okn  of  JMaguana. 
Over  the  whole  of  the  Spanifa  part  of  the 
ifiand,  mountains  and  plains,  were  fpread, 
according  to  St.  Mery,  125,000  inhabit- 
ants ;  of  whom  110,000  were  free,  and 
15,000  Haves  ;  not  40  individuals  to  one 
fquare  league.  The  Spaniili  Creoles  are 
iiifenfible  of  all  the  treafures  which  fur- 
Tr)und  them,  and  pafs  their  lives  without 
^;-ifl-ling  to  change  their  lot  ;  while  the 
French  portion,  when  they  pofTefled  it, 
^xirniflied  three  fifths  of  the  produce  of  all 
the  French  W.  India  colonies  put  together; 
rir  more  than  10  millions  fteriing.  The 
<irels  and  mode  of  living  of  the  Spaniili 
Creoles  indicate  pride,  lazinefs,  and  pover- 
ty. A  capital,  which  of  itfelf  indicates 
<lecay,  little  inilgnificant  towns  here  and 
there,  a  few  colonial  fettlements,  for  which 
the  name  of  manufactories  would  be  too 
vjreat  sii  bcnor,iiiimenre  pofTtCions  called 


Tiatits,  where  hearts  and  cattle  are  ralftsj 
with  little  care,  in  different  grades  of  do- 
mellication  ;  as  the  domeftic,  the  gentle, 
and  the  fliy.  Thole  called  wild  or  moun- 
taineers, as  alfo  the  fhy,  cofi  the  herdfmen, 
called  pioneers  and  lancers,  immenfe  la- 
bour and  danger  in  the  chafe.  The  hattes 
are  the  moft  numerous  fort  of  Spaniib 
fettlements,  and  of  an  extent  far  difpro- 
portioned  to  their  utiUty.  The  fupply  of 
horned  cattle  to  the  French  part  ot  'the 
ifland  was  eftimated,  by  St.  Mery,  at  lefs 
than  15,000  head  animally  ;  of  which  \X\^ 
Spaniards  furniihed  four  fifths.  Thefe  at 
30  dolls,  a  head,  and  bringing  them  by  the 
tjpaniards,  amounted  to  450,000  dollars. 
This  formed  three  quarters  of  the  prod- 
uce of  the  colony ;  and  the  impoii  paid 
to  government  was  10  per  cent.  The 
number  of  ioOjOOO  head  of  cattle  was  the 
number  in  the  general  cenfus  taken  by 
order  of  the  preiident  in  1780,  and  the 
cattle  exempted  from  the  tribute,  amount- 
ed to  250,000  ;  without  comprehending 
horfes,  mules  and  afl'es,  which,  with  an 
augmentation  eiHmated  fince  1780,  made 
a  ftock  of  300,000  head,  and  an  annual 
produ<ftion  of  60,000  ;  and  fuppofe  a  fifth 
part  of  the  young  ones  perilli  accidentr 
ally,  there  ftill  remains  48,000.  The  re- 
fources  of  the  colonifis  were  very  confinr 
ed,  and  their  few  ellabli {laments  below 
mediocrity.  There  were  but  22  fugar 
manufadhories  of  any  confequence ;  the 
reft  being  not  worth  naming  ;  and  evei) 
thefe  i2  had  altogether  but  about  600 
negroes.  Of  thefe,  6  produced  fyrop,  and 
fome  fugar  ;  but  the  others,  called  trapha-c 
cies,  where  animals  were  employed  to 
tr.rn  the  mills  and  prefs  the  canes,  with- 
out flielter,  in  the  open  ^r,  made  nothing 
but  fyrop.  The  w^hole  of  v/hich  produce 
was  generally  ufed  in  the  colony  ;  fmall 
quantities  were  fometimes  fent  to  Porto 
Rico,  or  to  Old  Spain  ;  and  the  gooduef? 
of  the  fugar  proved  that  of  the  foil,  bur 
nothing  in  favour  of  the  manufadlurer. 
The  coffee  raifed  here  is  excellent ;  each 
tree  in  a  flate  of  beaiing  will  produce  on 
an  average  a  pound  weight,  and  is  fome- 
times of  a  quahty  equal  to  that  of  Mocha, 
yet  chocolate  is  preferred  to  it.  Cotton 
grows  naturally  at  St.  Domingo,  of  an  ex- 
cellent quality,  even  without  care,  in  fiony 
land,  and  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks. 
'I'he  numerous  roots  of  indigo  are  only 
cbftacies  to  the  feeble  cultivation  of  the 
fields,  where  it  grows  fpontaneoufly.  AU 
thefe  valuable  produt^ions  have  flaarec! 
the  fate  of  dcpcjpulation.  Tobacco,  fayt; 
Valverde, 


fcoM 


i)6u 


'^alverde,  has  here  a  larger  leaf  than  in 
aiiy  other  part  of  America  ;  it  grows  eve- 
ry where,  and  equals  fpmetimes  that  of 
Cuba  or  the  Havaanah.  it  is  as  much 
efteemed  as  this  latter,  in  the  manufac- 
tures of  Seville,  and  is  even  preferable  to 
it  in  fegars.  The  kernel  of  the  cocoa 
nut  of  St.  Domingo  is  more  acidulated 
than  that  of  the  cocoa  nut  of  Venezuela 
and  Caraca,  to  which  it  is  not  inferior  ; 
and  experience  proves,  that  the  chocolate 
made  of  the  two  cocoas  has  a  more  deli- 
cate flavor  than  that  made  of  the  cocoa  of 
Caraca  alone,  Achiote,  ginger,  and  caffia 
have  fliared  the  fate  of  the  other  produc- 
tions. The  population  of  the  Spanilli 
part  is  compofed  of  whites,  freed  people, 
and  Oaves.  There  are  alfo  a  few  Creoles 
refeinbUng  the  Indians,  having  long, 
^ralght  -md  black  hair,  who  pretend  to  be 
defcendants  of  the  ancient  natives.  They 
are,  however,  thought  to  be  defoended 
from  a  mixture  of  the  aborigines  and  the 
Spaniards.  There  were,  in  1744,  feveral 
Indians  at  Banique,  v/ho  proved  their  de- 
fcent  from  the  fubjedbs  of  the  unfortunate 
cacique  Henri ;  although  hillorical  au- 
thority aiHrros  that  the  v/hole  race  was  ex- 
terni'mated  The  freed  people  are  few  in 
Bumber,  if  compared  with  the  wliites,  but 
conilderable  in  proportion  to  the  nujnber 
of  flaves.  The  people  of  colour  are  ex- 
cluded from  a?mofl:  all  employments,  civil 
as  well  as  military,  as  long  as  the  colour 
of  the  ikin  betrays  its  origin  ;  but  the  po- 
litical conftitution  of  the  country  admits 
of  no  dlftincftion  between  the  civil  rights 
of  a  white  inhabitant  and  thofe  of  a  free 
perfon.  Indeed  the  major  part  of  the 
Spanifli  colonifls  are  of  a  mixed  race : 
this  an  African  feature,  and  fometimes 
anore  than  one,  is  often  betrayed  ;  but  its 
frequency  has  licenced  a  prejudice  that 
would  otherwife  be  atroublefome  remem- 
brancer. People  of  colour  are  admitted 
to  the  priefthood  without  difficulty ;  but 
the  Spaniards  have  not  yet  brought  them- 
felves  to  make  negro  priefts  and  bifliops 
like  the  Portugaefe,  Slaves  are  treated 
with  extreme  mildftefs,  and  are  ufuaHy 
fed  as  well  as  their  mailers.  A  religious 
principle  and  an  illicit  affecflion  tend  to 
their  emancipation,  A  fiave  can  redeem 
himfelf  at  a  price  fixed  by  law.  Thus  the 
fate  of  the  Have  is  foftened  by  the  hope  of 
freedom,  and  the  authority  of  the  mafl-er 
by  the  habit  of  being  confounded,  in  feme 
fort,  with  thofe  who  were  the  other  day 
in  fiavcry.  The  laws  againfl;  fiaves  are 
anuck  neglected ;  thofe  in  their  favour  are 


Ycry  exaAly  obferved.  Few  of  the  Cre- 
oles can  either  read  or  write  ;  hence  the 
want  of  focial  latercourfe,  which  is  alf» 
augmented  by  the  badnefs  of  the  road$» 
Tiie  roads  are  nothing  but  paths  paflable 
only  on  foot  and  on  horfeback  ;  and  8 
leagues  a  day  is  very  great  work,  in  which 
fpace  the  traveller  often  does  not  meet 
with  a  fir}gle  habitation,  and  mull  confe- 
quendy  carry  with  him  every  neceilary 
for  nourifhmcut  and  lodging  Such  is  the 
low  Hate  of  commerce  in  the  Spanifh. 
part,  that  Don  Antonio  de  Vaiverde,  a 
native  creole,  goes  fo  far  as  to  afiert,  ia 
his  account  of  the  territory,  that  the  com- 
merce in  cattle,  with  the  French  part,  is 
its  only  fupport-  The  whole  illand  is  ic 
general  well  v.-atered  by  rivers  and  brooks 
witiiout  number,  but  certain  fpaces  are 
deprived  of  this  advantage.  From  the 
formation  of  the  iflaad,  their  courics  ar« 
but  fliort,  and  few  of  them  navigable  to 
any  diftance.  It  is  generally  impolTible  to 
conceive,  from  tiie  tranquil  afpe<ft  that 
thcfe  rivers  ufually  wear,  wliat  they  be- 
come when  they  overflow  their  banks. 
A  river  that  but  now  hardly  covered  the 
pebbles  on  its  bed,  or  wet  the  foot  of  the 
traveller,  is  changed  by  one  tempeftuous 
fhower  into  a  flood,  menacing  ail  that  it 
approaches  ;  and  fliould  its  banks  give 
way,  it  ipreads  its  watery  devaftation  over 
the  plains.  Many  of  thefe  are  infefted 
with  alligators.  The  only  lakes  or  pond* 
v/orth  notice  are  thofe  of  Henriqucile 
and  Salt  pond  ;  the  former  is  a  great  ^u- 
riodty.  See  Heuritjuellc  The  chief  of  the 
iOands  which  furround  St.  Domingo,  part 
of  which  belonged  to  the  Spanifli  part, 
are  Altavele,  SaonC;  Beate,  St.  Catherine, 
on  the  S  fide,  from  W  to  E,  Mone.  and 
Monique  on  the  S  E.  Caymite,  and  Gon- 
ave  on  the  W  between  the  two  peninfulas, 
and  La  Tortue,  on  the  N  (ide,  toward* 
the  V/  end  of  the  iiland,  and  that  of  Ava- 
che  on  the  S  fide  of  the  fouthern  peninfula. 
The  ancient  divifion  1:  ie  which  feparated 
the  French  from  the  Spanifli  part  of  the 
i^nd,  extended  from  the  river  des  Anfes 
a  Pitre  or  Pedemales,  on  the  S  fide,  to 
that  of  Mafi'vcie,  en  the  N  fide,  at  the 
head  of  the  bay  of  Manceniile,  which, 
tvogether  with  the  large  bay  which  fets  up 
from  the  weflward;  between  Cape  St,  Ni- 
cholas z.n6.  Cape  Dame  Marie,  S  W  of  the 
former,  ai:id  43  ieai^ies  apart,  moulds  this 
divifion  of  the  iHand  into  fuch  a  figure,  a? 
can  be  bed:  comprehended  by  a  viev/  of 
the  map  ;  fufHce  it  to  fay  that  it  .^ontain* 
2,5 O0;0o6'acre«  of  laad,  of  an  extremely 

fciTtiie 


BOlVf 


DOM 


^ertfle  foil,  prefenting  an  agresabls  variety 
of  hlUs,  vallies,  woods  and  ftreains.     Tiie 
Frencn  part   of  St.  Domingo,  containing 
2,SOO,ooo  acres,  of  which  1,500,000  were 
tinder  high  cultivation  in  1789,  was  then 
divided  into  lo  jurifdiiflions,  v/hich  were 
f\ibdividcd  into  52   piariflies.     Wefljurii- 
dicStoiis",    Port   au   Prince,  St.  Mark,  Le 
Petit  Goave,  and  Jeremie  ;  in  the  N.  Cape 
Frangois,   Fort    Dauphin,   and    Port    de 
Palx  ;  thofe  in  the  S,  Les  Cayes,  St.  Louis, 
and  Jacniel.     Before  the   kite  revohition, 
there  v/ere  in  thefe  pari  flies  about  42,000 
white  people,  44,000  free  people  of  colour, 
and  600,000  flaves.    Other  accounts  make 
them  conliderably  lefs  ;  the  above,  how- 
ever, is  from  good  authority.     The  num- 
ber of  deaths,  during  1789,  according  to 
the  bills  of  mortality,  71 21  ;  the  number 
of  births  the  fame  year,  423a.     The  6x- 
cefs  of  deaths,  2889,  will  be  the  lefs  afton- 
iiiiing,  when  it  is  confidercd,  that  in  the 
years  1787,  and  178^^,  there  had  been  im- 
jiorted  into  the  colony  nearly  6o,oco  new 
riegroes.   The  exports  from  Jan.  1,1789,10 
Dec.  3r,of  the  fame  year,  were  47,516,531 
lbs.  white  fugar,  93,573,300  brov/n  fugar; 
76,835,219  lbs  cofie6  ;  7,004,274  lbs  cot- 
ton ;   758^628  lbs. indigo;  and  other  arti- 
cles, as  tanned  hides,  molaffes,  fpirits,  &c. 
to  the  value  of  46,873  livres.     The  total 
value  of  duties  on  the  above  exportations, 
amounted  to  770,801  dolls.  3  cents.  Port 
au  Prince  is  the  feat  of  the  French  gov- 
ernment in  this  ifland,  in    time  of  peace, 
and  a  place  of  confiderable  trade.     Cape 
Francois  exceeds  Port  au  Prince   in  the 
value  of  its  productions,  the  elegance  of 
its  buildings,  and  the  advantageous  fitua- 
tlon  of  its  port.     It  is'  the  Governor's  refi- 
derice  in  time  of  war.     The  Mole,  though 
ihferior  to  thefe  ia  other  refpecfls,  is  the 
firft  port  in  the  ifland  for  fafety  in  time 
of  war,  being  by  nature  and  art  ftrongly 
fortified.     The  other  towns  and  ports  of 
any  note,  are  Fort  Dauphin,  St.  Mark, 
Leogane,  Petit  Goave,  Jeremie, Les  Caycs, 
St.  Louis,  and  Jacmel,  which  fee  under 
their  different  names.     The  moft  ancient 
town  in  this  ifland,  and  in  all   America, 
built  by  Europeans,  is  St.   Domingo  ;  of 
1^'hich    an  account  is  given    below.     To 
thefe  particular  obfervations,  we  add  the 
following,  of  a  more  general  nature  :  The 
lugar  and  indigo  plantations  were  in  the 
flat,  the  coffee  in  the  mountainous  lands. 
The  plantations  were  for  the  moft  part 
enclofed    with  live  hedges,  ftraight   and 
Well  dr?{fed  ;  the  dwelling  and  manufac- 
tory houfes  were  buiit  and  laid  out   with 


great  neatnefs  and  tafle  ;  every  habltatioa^ 
poifefied  a  private  hofpital  for  the  accom- 
modation of  its  fick  iiegrooS;  who  were 
parentally  dealt  with  ;  the  roads  were  ex- 
cellent ;   and  from  the  general  hofpitality 
and  cheerfulnefs  of  its  tormer  inhabitants, 
it  was  cotifidered  as  one  of  the  moft  envi- 
able fpots  on  earth.    Such  was  the  French- 
part  of  St.  Domingo  in  1789  ;  but,  alas  ,•" 
It  is  no  more  ;  the  deflruc^tive  ravages  of 
an  unrelenting  infurrediion,  of  frightful 
maflacres  and  conflagrations,   have   laid 
wafhe  all   thofe  beautiful  fettlements,  re- 
duced the  buildings  to  afhes,  and  laid  low 
in  dufVor  fcattered  in  exile,   its  wretched 
inhabitants.     The  firfi:  interference  of  the 
National  Aflembly,  in  the  affairs  of  the 
colonies,  was  by  a  decree  of  the  8th  of 
March,  1790,  vvhich  declared,  "  That  all 
free  perfons,  who  were  propinetors  and 
refidents  of  two  years  {landing,  and  who" 
contributed  to  the  exigencies  of  the  flate,' 
fliould  exercife  the  rig.hts  of  voting,  which 
conftitutc  the  quality  of  French  citizens.^ 
This  decree,  though   in  fadb  it  gave   no 
new  rights'to  the  people  of  colour,  was  re- 
garded with  a  jealous  eye  by  the  wliite 
planters  ;  whofe  pride  and  refentment  dic- 
tated to  them  to  exp^l  the  people  of  colour 
from  their  alTcmbhes.     'Fhis  feems  to  be 
the  true  fource  of  their^  calamities  ;  to  de- 
velope  which,  and   the  dreadful  confe- 
quences,  belong  to  the  profefled  hiflorian.' 
Botn'iTigo,  St.  the  capital  of  the  Spanifh 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo  or  Hif- 
paniola,  is  fituated  on  the  W  bank  of  the 
Ozama,  a  league  beloAv  the  mouth  of  Ifa- 
bella  river,  in  which  diflance  it  is  24  feet 
deep,  having  a  bottom  of  mud  or  foft  fand, 
and  banks  20  feet   perpendicular  height  ; 
but  N  of  the  city  this  height  is  reduced  to 
4  feet.     The  Ozama  is  navigable  for  9  or 
10  leagues,  and  has  feveral  fugar  manufac- 
tories, tile  kilns,  and  provifion  farms  on  its 
banks.    The  road  before  the  mouth  of  the 
Ozama  is  very  indifferent,  and  lies  expof- 
ed  from  W  S'w  to  E.     It  is  impoiuble  to 
anchor  in  it  in   the  tim.e  of  the  fouth 
winds;  and  the  north    winds  drive    the 
veflels  from  their  moorings  out  into  the 
fea,  which  here  runs  extremely  high.  The 
port  of  St.  Domingo  is  magnificent  in  ev- 
ery refpcift ;  a  real  natural  bafon',  with  a 
great  number  of  careenings  for  the  veflels 
that  can  get  at  them.     There  is  -a  rock  at 
the  entrance,  which  will  only  admit  vef- 
fels  drawing  •  8  or  20  feet  water  ;  which 
it  is   afferted  might  be  removed  without 
great  difficulty.     The  city  of  St.  Domingo 
was  originally  founded  on  the  E  fide  of 

the 


DOM 


DOM 


the  Ozama,  in  1494,  by  Bartholomew 
Columbus,  who  gave  it  the  name  ot  New 
Ifabclla.  Authors  aflert  that  Chriftopher 
Columbus  gave  it  the  name  of  his  father, 
and  that  the  inhabitants  of  Ifabella  on  the 
N  coaft  of  theifland,  founded  by  Chrifto- 
pher  Columbus  in  1493,  removed  to  New 
Ifabella  in  1496.  In  1502  a  hurricane 
deftroyed  moll:  of  its  buildings,  which  in- 
duced Ovando  to  remove  the  inhabitants 
to  the  W  fide  of  the  river.  The  new  city 
was  foou  huilt,  and  that  with  a  grandeur 
of  delign  not  unworthy  the  firft  metropo- 
lis of  the  New  World.  The  plan  of  the 
city  is  a  trapezium  of  about  540  fathoms 
on  the  E  fide,  along  the  Ozama  ;  near 
500  fathoms  on  the  S  bordering  on  the 
fea  ;  and  of  about  1800  fathoms  in  cir- 
cumference. To  the  W  and  to  the  N  of 
the  city,  the  land  is  rough  and  rocky  for 
about  half  a  league,  but  after  that  it  be- 
comes good,  and  the  country  delightful. 
Towards  the  fea  the  fcite  of  the  city  lies 
very  high,  which  forms  an  infurmouiita- 
ble  dyke  againft  the  fury  of  the  waves 
It  is  furrounded  with  a  rampart  8  feet  in 
diameter,  and  aboiit  10  feet  high.  There 
is  a  great  deal  of  ordnance  at  St.  Domin- 
go, particularly  cafl:  ordnance,  but  the 
fortiiications  are  not  ftrong  ;  and  the 
height  of  the  Ileignes  commands  it  en- 
tirely ;  and  its  crown  is  not  more  than 
^50  fathoms  from  the  ditch.  The  ftreets 
are  fpacious,  and  (Iraight  as  a  line,  which 
gives  it  a  pleadng  appearancci  Ten  of 
thefe  ftreets  run  from  N  to  S,  and  10 
others  from  E  to  W.  The  greateft  part 
of  the  houfes,  firft  built,  are  of  a  fort  of 
marble  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  in  the 
ftile  of  the  ancient  towns  of  Spain  and 
Italy:  thofe  of  a  more  leccnt  conftruc- 
tion  are  of  tapia,  a  fort  of  pife.  To  erecSl 
thefe  buildings,  a  cafe  is  made  of  pla  'is, 
between  pillars  of  mafonry  ;  this  cafe  is 
filled  by  degrees  with  a  reddifli  clay, 
Avhich  is  rammed  down  as  it  is  thrown  in, 
until  it  forms  a  folid,  or  fort  of  wall,  be- 
tween the  pillars.  The  clay  thus  prefled 
together,  acquires  an  amazing  hardnefs, 
and  the  walls  are  fometimes  fo  folid  and 
flrong,  that  the  pillars  of  mafonry  are 
ufelefs.  The  houfes  of  St.  Domingo  arc 
tolerably  handfome,  in  a  fnnple  ftilc,  and 
nearly  uniform.  A  confiderablc  part  of 
thefe,  built  v/ithin  thefe  few  years,  are  of 
wood,  covered  with  the  leaves  or  taches 
of  palm  trees.  The  roofs  are  generally 
platformcd,  being  ihaped  fo  as  to  condutSl 
the  rain  water  to  the  ciftcrns.  The  cli- 
mate of  the  capital  is,  happilv,  very  tcm- 
Voi,.  I.  T 


perate.  The  nights  of  thofe  months  which 
anfwer  to  the  winter  in  F.uropc,  are  even 
found  to  be  cold.  Among  a  number  of 
public  edifices  that  merit  attention,  in  this 
declining  city,  we  may  reckon  the  ruins 
of  the  houfe  that  Diego,  fon  of  Chrifto- 
pher  Columbus,  had  begun,  entirely  of 
hewn  ftone.  The  walls  are  yet  remain- 
ing, and  fome  of  the  fculpture  round  the 
windows.  The  roof  and  ceilings  are 
fallen  in,  the  lower  floor  is  become  a  pen 
for  cattle ;  and  a  Latin  infcription  over 
the  portal,  is  now  hidden  by  the  hut  of  a 
herdfman.  The  cathedral,  of  the  fame 
fort  of  ftone  as  the  houfe  of  Diego  Colum- 
bus, ftands  on  the  S  E.  Oppofite  its  en- 
trance is  a  fine  fpacious  oblong  fquare,  at 
the  S  W  end  of  which  is  the  town  houfe. 
The  cathedral  is  a  noble  Gothic  pile  be- 
gun in  1.51a,  and  finiihcd  in  1540,  and 
was  conftru(5ltd  after  the  model  of  a 
church  at  Rome.  It  merits  admiration  on 
account  of  the  boldntfsof  its  vault,  which, 
notwithftanding  the  ravages  of  earth- 
quakes in  its  neighbourhood,  has  never, 
till  within  thefe  15  or  20  years,  had  a 
fingle  flaw.  The  duft  of  Columbus  reftcd 
within  this  pile  until  the  year  1796,  when 
it  was  removed.  Here  arc  3  converts  for 
men  ;  which  have  increaftd  in  import- 
ance fince  1782  ;  2  nunneries,  3  hofpitals, 
a  college,  and  a  gaol.  The  convent  of 
the  Cordeliers  was  built  by  Ovando  iu 
1303,  on  a  little  hill  containing  a  mine  of 
mercury*  All  the  3  paiochial  churches 
of  St.  Domingo,  are  beautiful,  rich  in  or- 
naments, in  vafes  of  gold  and  filver  fet 
with  precious  ftones,  in  pitTtures,  in  ft.it- 
ues  of  marble  and  of  metal ;  but  the  ca- 
thedral furpafl*es  the  others  in  every  re- 
fpedt.  The  population  of  the  city  of  St. 
Domingo  is  not  very  confiderable  ;  yet  it 
is  extraordinarily  augmented  fince  the 
year  1780.  The  ccnfus  lately  taken; 
amounted  to  20,000,  of  every  age  and  fex* 
But  this  is  far  below  the  exadl  number. 
The  cenfus  is  taken  by  the  Spanifh  priefts 
or  vicars,  who  go  from  houfe  to  houfe  to 
verify  thofe  who  do  not  perform  their 
pafchal  duties.  This  lift  does  not  com- 
prehend children  under  7  years  of  age, 
nor  heads  of  families  abfent  from  their 
home  or  from  the  city.  But  the  princi- 
pal caufe  of  the  inexaclnefs,  is,  one  half 
of  the  parochial  territory  of  the  city  is 
on  the  outllde  of  the  walls.  This  terri- 
tory comprehends  the  part  called  the 
Plains,  a  great  part  of  the  Mont  dc  Plate, 
and  again  as  well  to  the  E  as  to  the  \V  of 
the  city,  a  very  conilderable  number  of 

country 


BOM 


fiOM 


country  feats  and  provlfion  habitations, 
where  there  are  a  great  many  families  of 
blacks,  of  people  of  colour,  and  white 
cultivators;  fo  that  there  are  always  5 
or  6coo  not  included  in  the  cenfus.  Not- 
withftanding  the  declining  fituation  of 
the  Spanifii  territory  of  the  iiland,  it  is 
far  more  profperous  than  it  was  60  years 
ago.  A  cenfus  even  of  1737  fliows,  that 
the  total  population  at  that  time  did  not 
furpafs  6000  fouls,  and  the  capital  con- 
tained hardly  5C0.  The  Spanifh  capital 
is  70  leagues  E  by  S  of  Pore  au  Prince, 
the  road  runs  half  the  way  along  the  fea 
coaft,  thi-ough  Bany,  Azua,  and  Ncybe, 
and  thence  by  the  lakes  Henriquelle  and 
Brackifli  pond.  In  this  route  you  have 
to  crofs  two  large  rivers,  Nifai  and  Neybe, 
belide  1 1  fmaller  ftreams.  It  is  90  leagues 
S  E  of  Cape  Francois,  going  by  the  road 
through  St.  Raphael,  Azua,  Sec.  and  about 
100  leagues  by  that  of  Dahabon,  St. 
Yague,  and  La  Vega.  N  iat.  18  19  30, 
W  ion.  from  Paris  7Z  37- 

Dominica,  the  lafl:  of  the  leeward  Char- 
aibeeor  Caribbee  iflands,  taking  them  from 
N  W  to  S  E  ;  but  the  Spaniards  call  it  the 
laft  of  the  windward  iilands.  It  is  iituated 
xbout  half  way  betwixt  Guadaloupe  on 
the  N  W,  and  Martinico  on  the  S  E,  15 
leagues  from  each,  between  15  ao  and  15 
44  30  N  Iat.  and  between  61  17  and  61  30 
W  Ion.  being  about  29  miles  in  length  from 
Crab  Point  S,  to  the  N  W  cape  of  Augufha 
bay  on  the  N  ;  and  nearly  16  miles  broad 
from  Raymond  bay  E,  to  Coulihaut  on  the 
W  ;  and  contains  1861436  acres  of  land, 
and'  is  divided  into  10  pariflies,  viz.  St. 
John,  St.  Andrew,  St.  Peter,  St.  Jofeph,  St. 
Paul,  Sr.  David,  St.  George,  St.  Patrick,  St. 
Luke,  and  St.  Martin.  Tlie  iiland  con- 
tains many  high  and  rugged  mountains, 
interfperfed  with  fertile  valiies,  and  is  wa- 
tered by  upwards  of  30  rivers,  befide  a 
nuinber  of  rivulets.  Several  of  the  moun- 
tains contain  unextinguiibed  volcanoes, 
which  frequently  difcharge  vaft;  quantities 
of  burning  fulphur.  Here  are  feveral  hot 
fprings,  efteemed  efficacious  in  removing 
tropical  diforders.  Some  of  the  waters 
are  faid  to  be  hot  enough  to  coagulate 
an  egg.  Here  are  vafi:  fwarms  of  bees, 
which  produce  a  great  quantity  of  wax 
and  h</uey ;  they  hive  in  the  trees,  and  are 
thought  to  have  b^en  tranfported  from 
Europe  :  the  native  bee  oi  the  W.  Indies 
being  a  fmaller  fpecies,  improvided  with 
liings,  and  very  different  in  its  manners 
fronv  the  European.    The  forefts  afford 


an  Inexhaufllble  quantity  of  rofe  wood,  fflf' 
efteemed  by  cabinet  makers.  The  fruits 
and  other  produc5tions  are  fnuilar  to  thofe 
in  the  neighbouring  iflands  ;  but  the  foil 
being  generally  thin,  is  more  adapted  to 
the  rearing  of  cotton  than  fugar.  The 
beft  eye  ftones  that  are  known,  are  found 
on  the  fliorcs  of  this  iiland.  They  have 
their  name  from  the  ufe  which  is  made  of 
them,  for  clearing  the  eyes  of  any  dirt. 
They  are  fliaped  like  a  lentil,  fmooth 
and  fleck,  but  much  fmaller,  and  of 
a  grey  colour.  The  value  of  exports,  ac- 
cording to  the  current  London  prices  in 
1788,  amounted  to /.302,987-X5  ffer.  in- 
cluding exports  to  the  American  ftates, 
value  ^.7,164-5.  The  cargoes^  in  i6a 
veffels,  confifted  of  71,302  cwt.  r  qr.  21 
lbs.  of  fugar  ;  63,392  gall,  of  rum  ;  16,803 
gall,  molaffes ;  1,194  cwt.  3  qrs.  2  lbs. 
cacao;  18,149  cwt.  3  qrs.  6  lbs.  coffee; 
11,250  lbs.  indigo  ;  970,816  lbs.  cotton  ; 
161  cwt.  ginger,  befide  liides,  dying  woods, 
&c.  'I'lic  number  of  inhabitants,  in  the 
fame  year,  appears  to  have  been  1236 
wiiites  ;  445  free  negroes,  &c.  and  14,967 
ilaves.  There  are  alfo  about  30  families 
of  Charaibes,  the  remains  of  the  ancient 
natives.  I'he  only  towns  here  of  any 
note  are  Charlotte  town,  the  capital  and 
the  feat  ©f  government,  formerly  called 
Roffeau,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  iiland,  and 
Portfmouth,  htuated  at  the  head  of  Prince 
Rupert's  bay.  Dominica,  from  its  local 
lituation,  between  Martinico  and  Guada- 
loupe, is  the  beft  calculated  of  all  the 
Britifli  poffeihons  in  that  part  of  the  world, 
for  fecuring  to  her  the  dominion  of  the 
Charaibbean  fea.  A  few  fliips  of  war  in 
Prince  Rupert's  bay  would  effeAually 
ftop  all  intercourfe  of  the  French  fettle- 
ments  with  each  other,  as  not  a  veffel  can 
pai  but  is  liable  to  capture,  by  fliips 
cruifing  off  that  bay,  and  to  vsnndward  of 
the  iiland.  It  is  a  feparate  government 
and  a  free  port.  The  anchorage  is  good 
all  round  the  coaft  of  Dominica  ;  but  it 
has  no  port  or  bay  for  retiring  into  ;  but 
the  veffels  have  the  advantage  of  flielter 
bthind  many  of  its  capes.  It  was  difcov- 
ered  by  Chriftopher  Columbus,  Nov.  3, 
1493  ;  and  had  its  name  from  being difcov- 
ered  on  a  funday.  It  w^as  taken  by  the 
French  In  the  late  Vv^ar,  and  reftored  to 
Britain  at  the  peace  of  1783. 

Dominica^  La^  one  of  the  Marquefas 
iflands,  called  by  the  natives  Iluvaroa,  is 
the  largeft  of  them  all,  extending  E  andW 
6  leagues;  is  abouti6  leagues  in  circuit,  full 

oi 


DOR 


BOU 


<f?if  rugged  Jiills,  and  of  a  barren  afpecl ; 
but  is"  inhabited.  S  lat.  9  44.  The  Ion. 
of  the  W  end  from  Greenwich  is  139  13'W. 

Don  Chrifiopher''s  6*oT.'f,  lies  on  the  N  lidc 
of  the  illand  of  Jamaica,  having  St.  Anna's 
bay  on  tlie  W,  and  Mammee  bay  on  the 
S  E.  It  is  remarkable  for  having  given 
ilielter  to  the  difcoverer  of  America,  dur- 
ing a  ftorm,  in  1503,  and  ibr  being  the 
fcite  of  the  old  town  of  Sevilla  de  Nucva. 

Born] on,  an  interior  fettlement  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
3  leagues  N  W  of  St.  Raphael  in  the  Span- 
ifla  part,  and  13  leagues  E  by  N  of  Les 
Gonaives. 

Donegal.  There  are  3  townfliips  of  this 
name  inPennfylvania,i  in  liancalter  co.  of 
2476, 1  in  Weftmoreland  co.  ofi4ii,  and 
one  in  Wafliington  co.  of  76a  inliabitantp. 

Don  Martlnde  Majorca,  a  duller  cf  ifl- 
ands  in  the  Great  S.  Sea.  Lat.  18  36  S, 
Lon.  179  52  E  from  Paris.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  numerous,  living  in  eafe  and 
plenty.  Cocoa,  banana,  and  lime  trees ; 
potatoes,  and  other  edible  roots  grow 
fpontaneoufly  in  great  abundance.  They 
cultivate  their  grounds,  weave  cloth  from 
the  bark  of  certain  flirubs,  and  drefs  them- 
felves  in  a  decent  manner.  They  are 
liofpitable  and  friendly,  and  would  per- 
liaps  be  as  likely  to  receive  gofpel  MiiTlon- 
aries,  as  any  oth^r  Savages ;  but  at  prefent 
it  does  net  appear  that  they  have  any  kind 
of  religion.     They  ar«  great  thieves. 

Don  River,  in  the  eati  riding  of  the 
county  of  York,  in  U.  Canada,  difcharges 
itfelf  into  York  harbour. 

Doobount  Lake,  is  about  60  or  70  miles 
long,  and  20  or  30  broad  ;  lies  S  E  of  the 
head  of  Chellerfield  inlet,  in  N.S.Wales. 

Dorcbejler,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  176 1.  It 
contains  349  inhabitants.  It  lies  N  E  of 
Dartmouth  College  about  r  7  miles. 

Dorchefter,  an  ancient  and  thriving  tov.'-n 
in  Norfolk  co.  Maflachufetts,  fettled  as 
early  as  1630.  A  number  of  towns  have 
been  taken  off  from,  it  fmce  its  firft  fettle- 
ment. It  is  a  miles  S  by  E  of  Boflon,  and 
is  now  about  6  miles  long  and  3-^-  broad. 
The  chief  manufactures  here  are  paper, 
chocolate,  fnuff,  leather,  and  flioes  of  va- 
rious forts.  It  has  a  handfome  church, 
and  2347  inhabitants.  The  N  E  point  of 
the  peninfula,  called  Dorclicfcer  neck,  ap- 
proaches within  half  a  mile  of  Caftle  ifl- 
and, and  its  N  W  point  within  half  a  mile 
of  the  S  part  of  Bolton.  Forts  were  erecSfc- 
edon  the  heights  in  the  late  war  ;  and  this 
town  and  its  vicinity  fuffered  much  dur- 
ing the  early  part  of  the  war. 


DorLheJler  in  Cumberland  co.  N.  Jerfey. 
lies  on  the  E  fide  of  Morris  R.  about  5 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  bay,  and  1 7 
eaftward  of  Fairf.eld. 

Dorcbejler  Co.  in  Maryland,  lies  on  the 
E  fide  ot  Chefapeak  bay  ;  on  the  S  fide  of 
Choptank  R.  which  feparates  it  from  Tal- 
bot CO.  It  has  feveral  i Hands  on  its  coall: ; 
the  chief  of  thefe,  from  the  mouth  of  Hud- 
fon  R.  are,  James,  Taylor'dj  Barren,  Hoop- 
er's, and  Goldfborough's,  which  lafl  lies 
between  Hungary  R.  and  Fifliing  bay. 
The  length  of  the  county  frcm  E  to  W  is 
about  2:?!  miles,  and  its  breadth  from  N  to 
S  27  miles.  The  number  of  its  inhabit- 
ants 12,346,  of  whom  4566  are  Haves. 
The  lands  in  the  nothern  parts  are  fome- 
what  elevated,  but  in  the  fouthern  parts 
jow  and  marfliy,  particularly  along  Fi.fli- 
ing  bay,  and  up  its  waters,  Tranfquaking, 
Blackwater,  and  Fearim  creek,  and  along 
Hungary  R.  an  arm  of  the  Chefapeak. 
The  produce  is  chiefl}'^  wheat,  corn,  and 
lumber.     Its  chief  town  is  Cambridge. 

Dorcbejler,  a  fmall  town  of  Charlcilon 
diftrift,  S.  Carolina,  on  the  N  E  bank  of 
Afliley  R.  18  miles  W  N  W  of  Charleflon 
citv.  This  place  was  fettled  and  named 
as  early  as  i  700,  by  a  colonv  from  Dor- 
chefter and  its  vicinity  in  Maflachufctts  ; 
and  a  part  of  its  inhabitants,  about  the 
year  1750,  left  it  and  fettled  Alidway,  in 
Georgia. 

DorcJuJicr  Mount,  is  that  ridge  of  moun- 
tain running  through  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln in  U.  Canada,  parallel  to  Ontario,  and 
isfuppofed  to  be  a  fpur  of  the  Alleghan3^ 

Dorcbejler  Toivrf^ip,  in  the  COUntV  of 
Norfolk,  U.  Canada,  lies  W  of,  and  is  ad- 
joining to  Dereham,  fronting  the  river 
'Fhamcs. 

Dorfet,  a  townfliip  in  E-ennington  co. 
Vermont,  having  Rupert  W,  Manchcfler 
S,  and  Danby  N  ;  and  contains  958  inh.ab- 
itants,  27  miles  N  by  E  of  Bennington. 

Double  Bridge,  Lunenburg  co.  Virginia, 
where  is  a  poft  office,  225  miles  from 
V/afliington. 

Donglafs,  a  townfliip,  the  fouthernmofl: 
in  Worcefler  co,  Maffachufetts,  having 
the  ftate  of  Rhode  island  on  the  S,  and 
that  of  Conne<Elicut  on  the  S  W,  and 
through  it  pafTes  the  middle  road  from 
Bofton  to  N.  York.  It  is  a  very  rocky 
townfnip,  and  contains  11 40  inhabitants. 
It  lies  18  miles  S  of  Worcefler,  and  48  S  W 
of  Boflon.  It  Avas  incorporated  anno 
1746,  and  received  its  name  in  honor  of 
William  Douglafs,  M.  D.  of  Boft:on,a  na- 
tive of  Scotland,  and  a  coiiiisigr^.Me  bene- 
faclor  to  the  town. 

Doughifs^ 


DOV 


t>KY 


t>oughifs,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfyivania  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
Schuylkill,  and  has  1297  inhabitants. 

Doitcrlafs,  a  cape  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  which  forms  the  W.  fide  of  the 
entrance  into  Cook's  R.  oppofite  Point 
Bede,  which  forms  the  E  fide.  It  is  a  very 
lofty  promontory,  whofe  elevated  fummit 
appears  above  the  clouds,  forming  two  ex- 
ceeding high  mountains.  Lat.  58  56  N, 
Ion.  206  10  E. 

Daaty's  Fal/s,  in  York  CO.  Maine,  a  place 
where  a  pod  office  is  kept ;  7  miles  from 
Berwick,  and  8  from  Sanford,  563  N  from 
Wailiington. 

Dover,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  cp.  Maf- 
fachufetts  incorporated  anno  1650.  It 
contains  511  inhabitants,  and  lies  17  miles 
fouthward  of  Bofton. 

Do-jer,  a  confiderablc  poll  town  in  Straf- 
ford CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  and  the  fliire  town 
of  the  county  ;  fituated  on  the  fouthern 
iide  of  Cochecho  R.  about  4  miles  above 
its  junction  with  Salm^on  Fall  R.  which 
together  form  the  Pifcataqua ;  I2  miles 
N  W  by  N  from  Portfmouth^  l^he  In- 
dians named  it  Winichahanat,  and  Cpche- 
cho  ;  by  the  firft  fettlers,  it  v/as  called 
Northam.  It  was  incorporated  in  1633, 
and  contains  2062  inhabitants.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  Congregational  church, 
court  houfe  and  gaol.  At  Dover  is  a 
high  neck  of  land,  between  the  main 
branch  of  Pifcataqua  and  Back  R.  about 
two  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile  wide,  riiing 
gently  along  a  fine  road,  and  declining  on 
eacli  fide,  like  a  fliip's  deck.  It  coin- 
mands  an  extenfive  and  variegated  prof- 
peift  of  t!ie  rivers,  bays,  adjacent  fliores, 
and  diftant  mountains.  It  has  often  been 
admired  by  travellers  as  an  elegant  fitua- 
tion  for  a  city,  and  by  military  gentlemen 
for  a  fortrefs.  The  firfl:  fettlers  pitched 
here,  but  the  trade  has  long  fince  been  re- 
moved to  Cochecho  falls  ;  and  this  beau- 
tiful fpot  is  almofi:  dcfertedof  inhabitants. 
N  lat.  43  II,  W  Ion.  70  50. 

Dover,  a  townfliip  in  Monmouth  co.  N. 
Jcrfey,  between  Shrewfoury  and  New 
Stafford,  and  extends  from  the  fea 
to  the  county  line.  Although  a  large 
townfliip,  it  contains  only  910  inhabit- 
ants, who  live  moflly  upon  the  fea  fliore. 
There  is  but  one  church,  the  property  of 
a  generous  and  benevolent  individual  ; 
open  to  minifters  of  all  denominations. 

Do-jer,  the  metropolis  and    a  poft  town 
of  Delaware  ftate,  in  Kent  co.  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  Jones  creek,  ahout  4^  miles  N  W   i 
from  iu  uiOyth,  in  the  Delaware;  12,  miles  j 


from  Duck  creek,  4S  from  ^llmingtmi, 
and  76  -  S  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
upwards  lOO  houfes,  built  pr'ncipally  of 
brick.  There  are  4  flreets,  which  iiiter- 
fecSl  each  other  at  right  angles,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town.  The  area  included  with- 
iij  thefe  interfetSlipns  extends  info  a  fpa- 
cious  parade  ;  on  the  E  fide  of  which  i? 
an  elegant  fl:at^  houfe.  The  town  has  a 
lively  appearance,  and  drives  on  a  conlidr 
erable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  chiefly  in 
flour.  N  lat.  39  10,  W  Ion.  75  34. 

Dover,  a  town  in  Yprkco. Pennfyivania, 
qn  Fpx  Run,  which  falls  into  Conewagq 
creek,  near  its  mouth,  in  the  Sufquchanna. 
It  contains  a  German  Lutheran  and  Cal- 
vinift  church,  united  ;  and  about  40 
houfes. 

Dotvpie,  or  Doivns,  a  townfliip  in  Cumf 
berland  co.  N.  Jerfey. 

DoT.vnings,a  poft  townof  Pennfylvania,ia 
Chert:er  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Brandywine 
creek;  2i3  miles  W  by  N  of  Philadelphia, 

Dojy^o-zt'w,  a  village,  where  is  a  poft  office, 
in  Bucks  co.  Pennfyivania,  15  miles  N  W 
of  Newton,  and  33  W  by  N  of  Philadel-' 
phia. 

Draait,  a  pofl:  town  in  Middlefex  co. 
on  the  northern  bank  of  Merrimack  R, 
oppofite  Patucket  Falls.  It  contains  1 7. 74 
inhabitants,  and  lies  30  miles  N  by  W  of 
Bofton. 

Drake,  a  harbour  in  California,  fo  call- 
ed after  the  celebrated  Sir  Francis  Drakt;, 
who  difcovered  and  took  pofTcffion  of  the 
peninfula  qf  California,  for  his  miftrefs. 
Queen  Elizabeth.     N   lat.  28    15,  W  Ion. 

in  39- 

DrejJen,  a  pofl:  town  in  IJncoIn  co. 
Maine,  on  the  E  bank  of  Kennebeck  R.  9t 
miles  from  Wifcallet  Point,  1 2  S  by  E  of 
Hallowell,  and  180  N  by  E  of  Bofton. 
^>van  ifland  is  in  this  townfliip. 

Drinnons  Lick.      See  Jfff'erfons  co. 

Drippin-r  Sprincr,  Warren  CO.  Kentucky. 
Here  is  a  pofl:  office,  855  miles  W  by  S." 
from  Wafliington. 

Dromore,  or  Drumore,  a  townfliip  in 
Lancafter  co  Pennfyivania,  has  1077  in- 
habitants. 

Dronvneil  Lands.    See  Orange  co.  N.  York. 

Drummond,  or  Accomac  court  houfe,  in 
Virginia,  is  on  the  poft  road  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Norfolk,  20  miles  from  Belha- 
ven,  and  194  from  Philadelphia. 

i^rjo'f/;,  a  townfliip  in  Onondago  co.  N. 
York,  having  UlyfTcs  W,  Virgil  E,  and 
Owego  S.  Tlie  centre  of  the  town  is  S 
miles  E  of  the  S  end  of  Cayuga  lake. 

Dr^  Tortugas,     See  Toriuga. 

Duanefhurpl>^ 


r>uD 


DUN 


Duancjhurgh,  a  pod;  town  in  Albany  CO. 
N.  York,  containing  2787  inhabitants. 

Dublin,  a  townfliip  in  Chtfliire  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  on  a  branch  of  Ailiuelot  R. 
and  N  of  the  gr.at  Monadnock,  contain- 
ing 1 188  inhabitants.  It  is  28  miles  S  E 
(Of  Charlcftown,  and  63  W  of  Portfmout^>. 
Incorporated  in  the  year  1771. 

Dublin,  Loiver,  a  plealant  town  in  Phi- 
ladelphia CO.  Penniylvania,  ro  miles  NE 
of  Philadelphia,  and  as  far  S  W  of  Briaol, 
has  1495  inhabitants.  Alfo,  a  townfliip 
jn  Hnntingdon  co.  in  Pennfylvania,  hav- 
ing 978  inhabitants. 

Dubois  Lc^ke,  in  U.  Canada,  lies  between 
98  and  100°  W  Ion.  from  Greenwich, 
and  between  the  48th  and  50th  parallel 
of  N  lat.  It  lies  to  the  weftward  of  lake 
^a  Plnie,  and  receives  the  vi^aters  of  that 
lake  by  river  la  Phiie,  which  ax-e  carried 
ir(l' again  by  the  river  Winipique,  into  the 
great  lake  Winitapa  or  Winipique,  and 
from  thence  into  Hudfon's  bay.  This 
lake  contains  fome  illands  ;  it  has  alfo  a 
back  communication  with  lake  la  Pluiq, 
to  the  northward  J  by  inferior  itreams. 

Dacli,  a  river  in  Tenefiee,  which  rifes 
pn  the  N  W  fide  of  the  Cumberland 
mountain.  It  runs  a  N  W  courfe,  and 
empties  iato  the  Tcneflee  in  N  lat.  36  W. 
It  is  aoo  yards  wide  5  miles  from  its 
jiiouth,  which  is  57  miles  wefterly  of 
Nafliville;  and  is  bpatable  90  miles. 

Duck  Creek  Croft  Kotuls,  or  Salifoury,  a 
confiderable  and  thriving  poO:  town  in 
the  ftate  of  Delaware,  fituatcd  on  Duck 
Creek,  which  in  part  divides  Kent  and 
Newcaftle  counties.  It  contains  about 
joo  houfes  in  one  ftreet,  and  carries  on  a 
coniiderable  trade  with  Philadelphia,  and 
is  one  of  the  largeft  wheat  markets  in  the 
ftate.  Here  is  an  Epifcopal  church.  It 
lies  12  miles  N  by  W  of  Dover,  and  36 
from  Wilmington,  and  has  a  poft  oflice. 

Dud  Jfiands,  called  the  real  ducks,  in  lake 
Ontario,  U.  Canada,  lie  between  Wolfe 
illand  and  Point  Traverfe 

Ducktrap^  Maine,  now  Lininllc ;  contain- 
ing 278  inhabitants.    Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Dudley,  a  town  in  Worcefter  co.  Mafla- 
chufetts,  containing  1140  inhabitants.  It 
is  1 8  miles  fouthward  of  Worcefter,  and 
60  S  W  of  Bolton. 

DudJ-well,  a  towndiip  in  L.  Canada, 
about  20  miles  N  E  of  Afcot,  having  about 
50  inhabitants.  The  river  St.  Francis 
palTes  through  the  fouthern  part  of  this 
town,  in  a  weftern  courfe,  and  foon  after 
pirns  N  W,  which  courfe  it  purfucs  till 
If  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 


Duffins  Crpfl,  in  U.  Can'ida,  runs  into 
lake  Ontario,  in  the  townli;ip  of  Picker-, 
ing,  E  of  tlie  river  of  Eafy  Entrance,  an(J. 
is  remarkable  for  the  quantity  of  falmorj. 
which  refort  to  it. 

Duida,  a  mountain  of  S.  America,  in  the 
range  of  Parima,  lat.  3  13  N.  It  is  a  voir 
cano. 

Duke's  Co.  in  Maflachufett??,  compre- 
hends Martha's  Vineyard  I.  Chabaquid- 
dick  I.  Noman's  I.  and  the  Elizabeth  id- 
ands  ;  fituated  on  the  S  E  coafl:  of  the 
ftate.  Tiie  number  of  inhabitants  is  311S. 
They  fend  3  rcprtfentatives,  and,  in  con- 
junction withNant  cket  I.  i  fenator  to  tlic 
General  Court.  Thefe  illands  arc  defcrib- 
ed  itparately.     Chief  town,  Edgarton. 

i)./;;^m'j,  a  port  of  entry,  and  poft  towa 
in  Virginia,  and  chief  town  of  Prince 
William  CO.  It  lies  on  the  N  fide  of 
Qnantico  creek,  4  miles  above  its  entrance 
into  the  Potowmack,  and  to  miles  from 
Colchcftcr.  Its  public  edifices  are  an 
Epifcopal  church,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol. 
The  exports  from  this  port  for  one  year 
ending  the  30th  of  Sept.  1 794,  amounted 
in  value  to  8.5,635  dollars.  It  lies  28  miles 
N  by  E  of  Frc(:crif:kiburg,  and  185  S  W 
of  Philadelphia. 

Duvuner,  a  tounifliip  uninhabited  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfln're,  incorporated 
1773,  3  W  of  lake  Umbagog,  on  the  wa- 
ters of  Upper  Anionoofuck. 

Pummerfctvn,  a  townfliip  in  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  N  of  Braitleborough,  con- 
taining 1692  ifihabitants.  In  or  near  this 
town  ftocd  old  Fort  Dummer. 

Dunbarfon,  a  townfliip  inHillfoorougii  co. 
N.  Hamptliire,  incorporated  in  1765,  and 
containing  1222  inhabitants  ;  9  miles  S  of 
Concord,  a>yd  36  W  of  Portfmonth. 

Duncatifi»nrough,  a  tOAvnfliip  of  Orleans 
CO.  Vermtint,  on  the  W  fide  of  lake  Mem- 
phremagog,  and  has  50  inhabitants. 

DuTiderber<y,   in  Engl i ill.    Thunder  hi! I,    is 

on  the  W  fide  of  Hudfon  R.  at  the  S  K 
entrance  ofthe  Highlands,  oppofite  Peek's 
Kill ;  and  is  remarkable  for  its  echoes. 

Duticard's  Bottom,  a  tracft  of  fine  lands  on 
the  E  fide  of  Cheat  R.  in  Virginia,  about 
22  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  49  W  S  W 
from  Fort  Cumberland. 

D->ndas  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded  on 
the  E  by  the  county  of  Stormont,  on  the 
S  bv  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
W  by  the  eafternmoft  bound  iry  line  of 
the  late  towniliip  of  Edwardiburgh,  run- 
ning N  24  deg.  W,  until  it  interfcds  the 
Ottawa  or  Grand  R.  thence  defcending 
that  river  until  it  meets  the  N  weftern- 

moft 


BUR 

mof^  boundary  of  the  county  of  Stormont. 
The   county  of  Dundas  comprehends  all 
the  iHands  near   it  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence.    The   boundaries   of  this   county 
were    tdablinied    by    prochmation,   the 
i6th  of  July,  1793.     It  fends  one  reprc- 
fentative  to  the  provincial  parliament. 
Dunkard's  Torvji,      See  Ephrata. 
Dunlh-k,  a  poft  town  of  King  and  QHeea 
CO  Virginia,  116  milfs  from  Wailiington. 
Biinicp3,  a  fort  on  the  W  bank  of  little 
Miama  R.  about  la  miles  above  Colum- 
bia^  in  the  ftate  of  Qhio. 

B:t7iftahle,  a  poft  town  in  Hinfoorougli 
CO.  N.  Hampihtre,  on  the  W  lide  of  Mer- 
rimack R.  below  the  town  of  Merrimack, 
and  leparated  by  the  ftate  line  from  Pep- 
pcrel  and  Dunfiablc,  in  Middlefex  co, 
MafTachufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1746,  and  has  862  inhabitants,  and  lies 
about  40  miles  N  W  of  Boi}:on. 

Di.-njlcible,  a  townfliip  of  MalTachufctts, 
in  the  northern  part  of  jMiddlefex  co.  and 
on  the  fouthern  bank  of  Aderrimack  R, 
It  contains  485  inhabitants,  and  lies  37 
miles  N  wefterly  of  Bofton. 

Duntvich  Toiuftjhip,  in  the  CO.  of  SufFolk, 
in  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  Southwold, 
having  the  river  Thames  for  its  N,  and 
lake  Erie  for  its  S  boundary.  S?77yth. 

Duparrc,  a  circular  lake  on  the  S  E  fide 
of  Plein  R.  or  rather  an  enlargement  of 
the  channel  of  that  river,  5  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Plein  and  Theakiki  there  form 
the  Illinois, 

Duplin  Co.  in  Wilmington  dlflric^,  N. 
Carolina,  is  bounded  E  by  Onfiow,  and  S 
W  by  Sampfon.  The  number  of  inliab- 
itants  is  6796,  of  whom  1864  are  Have?. 
The  greater  part  of  the  farmers  raife 
wheat  and  rice,  but  generally  cat  bread 
made  of  Indian  corn.  Cotton  and  fvvcet 
potatoes  are  raifed  in  confiderable  quan- 
tities. The  court  houfe  is  55  miles  N  of 
Wilmington, 566  from  Philadelphia. 
Dn  ^efne.  Fort.  See  Pitffonrg. 
Durand^  an  uninhabited  townfliip  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliire. 

Durangn^  a  town  in  the  province  of  Za- 
catecas,  and  audience  of  Guadalaxara,  in 
New  Spain,  10  leagues  from  Nombre  de 
Bios,  and  is  a  bifliop's  fee,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  feveral  rivers  which  render  it  con- 
venient for  trade. 

Durham^vi  townfliip  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Androfcog- 
gin  R.  which  feparates  it  from  Bowdoin 
on  the  N  E.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1789,  contains  124a  inhabitants,  and  lies 
145  miles  N  ea.^erly  of  Softon.  M  lat. 
43  55- 


Burham,  a  po/l  town  in  Strafford  co.  N, 
Hampfliire,  on  Oyflcr  R.  near  where  it 
joins  the  Pifcataqua  ;  12  miles  W  of 
Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1633, 
and  contains  T126  inhabitants.  It  was 
formerly  a  part  of  Dover,  which  adjoins  it 
on  the  N,and  was  called  Oyfter  R.  On  the 
top  of  a  hill  in  this  town  is  a  rock,  com- 
puted to  weigh  60  or  70  tons,  fo  exactly 
poifed  on  another  rock  as  to  be  eafily 
moved  by  one's  finger.  Its  fituation  y(p- 
pears  to  be  natural. 

D  :rkam,  a  pofl  town  in  Netv  Haven  co. 
Conneclicut,  fettled  from  Guildford  in 
1698,  and  incorporated  in  1708.  It  is 
about  22  miles  S  W  of  Hartford,  and  18 
miles  N  E  of  Ncv.'  Haven.  It  was  called 
CiT^hfre/ja^tfe  by  the  Indians  ;  whieh  name 
a  fmall  rjver  that  chiefly  rifes  here,  ftill 
bears.     It  has  1029  inhabitants. 

DiirharTty  a  townfliip  in  Bucks  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  having  405  inhabitants. 

Durham  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  county  of  Northumber- 
land ;  on  the  S  by  lake  Ontario,  Until  it 
meets  the  Avefternmofl:  point  of  Long 
Beach,  thence  by  a  line  running  N,  16° 
W,  until  it  interfedls  the  fouthern  boun- 
dary of  a  traiSl  of  land  belonging  to  the 
MilTafTaga  Indians  ;  and  thence  along  the 
faid  tra6t,  parallel  to  lake  Ontario,  until 
it  meets  the  N  wefternmofl:  boundary  of 
the  county  of  Northumberland. 

Durlork,  Schoharie  co.  N.  York.  Here 
is  a  pofl  office,  449  miles  N  E  of  Wafli- 
ington. 

D:!rof,  a  bay  on  th.e  N  fide  of  tlie  S, 
pcninfula  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 

Diitchrfs  Co.  in  N.  York,  is  on  the  E  fide 
of  Hudfon  R.  It  has  the  flate  of  Connec- 
ticut on  the  E,  Weft  Chefler  on  the  S,  and 
Columbia  co.  on  the  N.  It  is  about  48 
miles  long,  and  23  broad,  and  contains  15 
townfliips,  of  which  Poughkeepfie  and 
Fifli  Kill  are  the  chief.  It  contains 
47,775  inhabitants,  of  whom  1609  are  in 
fiavery.  Dutchefs  co.  fends  7  reprefenta- 
tives  to  the  aflembly  of  the  flate.  In  the 
year  1792,  a  remarkable  cavern  was  dif- 
covcred  in  this  county,  at  a  place  called 
by  the  Indians  Sepai^'cot,  at  Rhynbeck. 
A  lad,  by  chance,  pafiTing  near  its  entrance, 
which  lies  between  two  huge  rocks,  on 
the  declivity  ofa  fleep  hill, on  prying  into 
the  gloomy  rccefs,  faw  the  top  of  a  ladder, 
bv  which  he  defcended  about  10  feet, 
and  found  himfelf  in  a  fubterraneous 
apartment,  more  capacious  than  he  chofe 
to  invefligate.  He  found,  hov^-ever,  that 
it  had  been  the  abode  of  perfons,  who 
probably 


Dur 


i)UT 


probably  during  the  war,  had  taken  fiicl- 
ter  here,  as  bits  of  cloth,  and  pieces  of 
leather  were  fcattered  about  its  floor.  It 
fmce  appears  to  be  divided  by  a  narrow 
paflage  into  two  apartments  ;  the  firft 
being  about  i  7  feet  in  length,  and  fo  low 
that  a  child  of  8  years  old  could  but  juft 
walk  upright  in  it ;  the  breadth  is  about  I 
8  or  10  feet.  The  fecond  between  la  and 
14  feet  in  length,  but  much  higher  and 
broader  than  tlie  firft.  Like  many  other 
caverns  in  the  United  Stares,  it  poflelTes 
a  petrifying  quality ;  and  the  water,  which 
is  conflantly  percolating  through  the 
roofs  of  its  apartments,  has  formed  a  va- 
riety of  tranfparent  and  beautiful  ftalac- 
tites.  They  have  the  appearance  of  ici- 
cles, and  may  be  broken  oiF  by  the  hand, 
if  not  more  than  two  inches  in  circum- 
ference. But  what  is  moft  to  be  admired, 
is  the  fkelcton  of  a  large  ihake,  turned 
into  folid  (tone  by  the  petrifying  quality 
of  the  water  beforementioncd.  It  was 
with  fome  difficulty  torn  up  with  aa  axe 
from  the  rock  it  lay  upon,  and  is  now  in 
polTcflloa  of  the  gentleman  who  explored 
the  cavern.  A  want  of  free  air  was  ex- 
perienced in  the  inmoft  receiTes  of  the 
cavern,  by  a  dilTicult  refpiration,  though 
the  candles  burnt  very  clear.  The  air 
was  alfo  very  warm. 

Dutch  America.  The  only  pofTelTion 
which  the  Seven  United  Provinces,  now 
called  the  Batavian  Republic,  retain  on 
the  continent  of  America,  is  the  province 
called  Dutch  Guiana.  A  part  of  thefe 
pofleffions  have  been  lately  taken  by  the 
Engllfli.  The  illands  in  the  W.  Indies 
belonging  to  the  republic  are  St.  Euftatius 
and  CuralTou.  The  fmali  iiland  of  Saba, 
near  St.  Euftatius,  and  the  iflands  Bonaire 
and  Aruba  ;  which  are  appendages  to 
Curaflbu,  and  chiefly  improved  in  raif- 
ing  cattle  and  provisions  for  that  iHand. 
Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.America,  is  bounded 
N  by  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  E  by  Cayenne  ; 
S  by  unexplored  country  called  Amazo- 
nia ;  W  by  Oronoko,  a  Spanifli  Icttle- 
ment.  It  lies  between  5  and  7  N  lat.  ex- 
tending along  the  coaft  from  the  mouth 
of  Oronoko  R.  to  the  river  Marowyne. 
Thefe  fettlements  were  efteemed  by  ad- 
miral Rodney,  who  captured  them  in 
1780,  as  an  acquifition  of  more  value  to 
the  Britifli  empire,  than  all  their  W.  In- 
dia iflands.  It  is  divided  into  3  diftina 
governments,  viz.  Surrinam,  Berbifch, 
ElTequebo,  and  Demarara.  The  two  iafl 
^.re  two  diftfi(fls,  forming  one  government. 
A  number  of  fiac  rivers  pafs  through  this 


province;  the  chief  of  which  arc  Efle  • 
quebo,    Surrinam,   Demarara,    Berbifch, 
and  Canya.     Ellcquebo  is  21  miles  wide 
at  its  mouth,  and  is  more  tlian  300  miles 
in  length      The  others  are  navigable,  and 
are  defcrlbed  under  their  diiTerent  names. 
I'hc    chief    towns    are   Paramaribo   and 
Staebroeck.     In   the  months  of  Septem- 
ber, Otilober,  and  November,  the  climate 
is  unhealthy,  particularly   to    ftrangers. 
The  common  difeafes  are  putrid  and  oth- 
er fevers,  the  dry  belly  ache,  and  the 
dropfy.     100  miles   back  from  the  fea, 
you  come  to  quite  a  difFerent  foil,  a  hilly 
country,    a    pure,  dry,    wholefome   air, 
where  a  fire  Ibmetimes  would  not  be  dif- 
agreeable.     Along  the  fea  coaft,  the  water 
j  is   brackifli  and   unwholefome ;   the  air 
I  damp    and    fultry.      The    thermometer 
j  ranges  from   75  to  90  througli  the  year. 
JANE  breeze  never  fails  to  blow  from 
}  about  9  o'clock  in    the  morning  through 
I  the  day  in  the  hotteft  fcafons.     As   the 
I  days  and  nights,  throughout  the  year,  are 
very  nearly  of  equal  length,  the  air  can 
never  become  extremely  heated,  nor  the 
inhabitants  fo  greatly  incommoded  by  the 
heat,  as  thofe  who  live  at  a  greater  dif- 
tance  from   the  equator.      The    feafons 
were    formerly    divided    regularly    into 
rainy  and  dry  ;  but  of  late  years  fomuch 
dependence  cannot  be  placed  upon  them, 
owing  probably  to  the   country's  being 
\  more  cleared,  by  which  means  a  free  paf- 
\  fage  is  opened   for  the  air  and  vapours. 
\  The  water  of  the  lov/er  parts  of  the  riv- 
ers is  bracklili,  and  unfit  for  ufe;   and  the  f 
inhabitants   are  obliged   to  make  ufe  of 
.  rain  water,  which  is   here  uncommonly 
fweet  and  good.     About    70  miles   from 
the  fea,  on  the  river  Surrinam,  is  a  village 
;  of  about  40  or  50  houfes,  inhabited    by 
j  Jews.     This  village  and  the  towns  abovt- 
:  mentioned,  virith  the  intervening  planta- 
j  tions,  contain  all  the  inhabitants  in  this 
'  colony,  which  amount  to   3200  whites, 
i  and  43,000  Haves.     The  buildings  on  the 
plantations  are  many  of  them  coftly,  con- 
,  venient  and  airy.     The  country  around  is 
thinly  inhabited  with  the  native  Indians, 
.  a  harmiefo  friendly  fet  of  beings.     They 
i  are,  in  general,  fliort  of  ftature,  but  re- 
I  markably  well  made,  of  a  light  copper 
:  colour,  ftraight  black  hair,  without  beards, 
\  high  cheek  bones,  and  broad   flioulders. 
In  tlieir  ears,  iiofcs,  and  hair,  the  women 
wear  ornaments  of  lilvcr,  &;c.     Both  men 
and   \yomen  go  naked.     One  nation  or 
tribe  of  them  tie  the  lower  part  of  the 
leg  of  the  female  children,  when  young, 

with 


DUT 


BtJT 


^h\i  a  cord  bound  very  tight  for  the 
breadth   of    6  inches    about   the  ancle, 
■which  cord  is  never  afterguards  taken  off 
but  to  put  on  a  new  one  ;  by  w  hich  means 
the  flefli,  which   fliould  othefvvife  grow 
on  that  part  of  die  leg,  incrcafes  the  calf 
to  a  great  lize,  and  leaves  the  bone  below* 
nearly  bare.     This,  though  it  muft  render 
them  very  weak,   is    reckoned    a   great 
beauty  by   them.     The   language  of  the 
Indians  appears   to   be  very  loft.     They 
are  mortal  enemies  to  every  kind  of  la- 
bour ;    but   ncverthelefs,  manufadVure  a 
few   articles,   fuch   as  very   fine    cotton 
hamn\ocks,  earthen  water  pots,  baflcets,  a 
fed  or  yellow  dye  called   Roucau,  and 
fome  other  triPies,all  of  whieh  they  bring 
to  town  and  exchange  for  fuch  articles  as 
they  (land  in  need  of.     They  paint  them- 
fclves  red,  apd  fome  are  curiouHy  figured 
with  black.     Their  food  conlifh  chiefly 
of  Jifli  and  crabs  and    c^ffava,  of  which 
thev  plant  great   quantities,   and    this   is 
almofl   the  only  produce  they  attend  to.  j 
They  cannot   be    faid    to   be  abioluttly  i 
wandering  tribes,  but   their  huts   being  i 
merely  a  few  crofs   flicks,  covered   with  ' 
branches,  lb  as  to  defend  them  from  the  | 
rain  and  fun,  they  frequently  quit  their 
habltafioas,  if  they  fee  occahon,  and  ef-   ' 
tablilb   them   elfewhere.      They   do   not 
fliun  the  whites,  and  have  been  fcrvicea- 
ble    aoainf)   the  runaway   negroes.      On 
cacii  fide  of  the  rivers  and  creeks  are  fit- 
uated  the   plantations,  containing    from 
500  to  20CO  acres  each,  in  number  about 
550  in  the  whole  colony,  producing  at 
prefent  annually  about  f  6,000  hhds.  of 
fugar,  12,000,000  Ih.  coffee,  700,000  lb. 
cocoa,  850,000  lb.  cotton  :   All  which  ar- 
ticles  (cotton  excepted)   have   fallen  olF 
within  15  years,  at  Icafl  one  third,  owing 
to  bad  management,  both   here  and  in 
Holland,  and   to  other  caufes.     Of  the 
proprietors  of  thefe  plantations,  not  above 
80  refide  here.     In  the  Avoods  are  found 
many  kinds  of  good  and  durable  timber, 
and  fome  woods  for  ornamental  purpofe?, 
particularly   a   kind  of  mahogany  called 
copic.     The  foil  is  perhaps  as  rich  and  as 
luxuriant  as  any  in  the  world  ;  it  is  gen- 
traliy  a  rich,  fat,  clayey  earth,  lying   in 
fome  places  above  tlie  level  of  the  rivers 
at   high  water  (which  rifes  about  8  feet) 
and  in  moll  places  below  it.     Whenever 
from  a  continued  courfe  of  cultivation  for 
many  year?,  a  piece  of  land  becomes  im- 
poveri filed    (tor  manure   is  not   known 
liere")  it  is  laid  under  water  for  a  certain 
number  of  years,  and  thereby  regains  its 


fertility,  and  in  the  mean  time  a  new  plec^f 
of  wood  land  is  cleared.  This  country 
has  never  experienced  thofe  dreadful 
fcourges  of  the  W.  Indies,  hurricanes  j 
and  droughts  from  the  lownefs  of  the 
land,  it  has  not  to  fear  ;  nor  has  the  prod- 
uce ever  been  deftroyed  by  infedls  or  by 
the  blaft.  In  lliort,this  colony, by  proper 
management,  might  become  equal  to  Ja- 
maica or  any  other.  Land  is  not  want- 
ing; it  is  ilncly  ijitericcled  by  noble  riv- 
ers, and  abundant  creeks  ;  the  foil  is  of 
the  bell  kind,  it  is  well  fituated,  and  the 
climate  is  not  very  unhealthy,  and  is 
growing  better,  and  will  continue  fo  to 
do  the  more  the  country  is  cleared  of  its 
woods,  and  cultivated.  The  rivers  abound 
with  lilh,  fome  of  which  are  good ;  at 
certain  fcafons  of  the  year  there  is  plenty 
of  turtle.  The  woods  abound  with  plenty 
of  deer,  hares,  and  rabbits,  a  kind  of  buf- 
faloe,  and  two  fpecies  of  wild  hogs,  one 
of  which  (the  peccary)  is  remarkable  for 
having  Jbmething  like  its  navel  on  the 
back.  I'he  woods  are  infcftcd  xK'hh  fev- 
cral  fpecies  of  tygers,  but  with  no  other 
ravenous  or  dangerous  animals.  The 
rivers  are  rendered  dangerous  by  alliga- 
tors from  4  to  7  feet  long,  and  a  man  was 
a  fliort  time  fince  crullicd  between  the 
jaws  of  a  fiib,  but  its  name  is  not  known. 
Scorpions  and  tarantulas  are  found  here 
of  a  large  fize  and  great  venom,  and  other 
infedls  without  number,  fome  of  theme 
I  very  dangerous  and  troublefome.  The 
j  torporific  eel  alfo,  the  touch  of  which,  by 
means  of  the  bare  hand  or  any  condndlor. 


Serpents  alfo,  fome  of  which  are  venom- 
ous, and  others,  as  has  been  afTcrted  by 
many  credible  perfons,  are  from  25  to  50 
feet  long.  In  the  woods  are  monkeys, 
the  floth,  and  parrots  in  all  their  varie- 
ties ;  alfo  fome  birds  of  beautiful  plum- 
age, among  others  the  flamingo,  but  fe\v 
or  no  ringing  birds.  The  river  Surrnamt 
is  guarded  by  a  fort  and  two  redoubts  aC 
the  entrance,  and  a  fort  at  Paramaribo, 
but  none  of  them  of  any  flrength,  fo  that 
one  or  two  frigates  would  be  fufficient  to 
make  themfelves  maflers  of  the  whole  col- 
ony ;  and  never  was  there  a  people  who 
more  ardently  wiflied  for  a  change  of 
government  than  the  inhabitants  of  this 
colon)^  The  interior  government  con- 
fids  of  a  governor  and  a  fupreme  and  in- 
ferior council ;  the  members  of  the  latter 
are  chofen  by  the  governor  from  a  dou- 
ble nomination  of  the  principal  inhabit- 
ants, and  thofe  of  the  former  in  the  fame 

manner. 


BUX 


E  AS 


manner.  By  thefe  powers,  and  by  a  mag- 
illrate  prefiding  over  all  criminal  affairs, 
juftice  is  executed  and  laws  are  enabled 
xiecefTary  for  the  interior  government  of 
the  colony  ;  thofe  of  a  more  general  and 
public  nature  are  enadted  by  the  direiSlors, 
and  require  no  approbation  here  by  the 
court.  The  colony  is  guarded  farther  by 
about  1600  regular  troops,  paid  by  the 
directors.  Thefe  troops,  together  with 
a  corps  of  about  250  free  negroes,  paid 
by  the  court  here,  and  another  fmall  corps 
cf  chaifeurs,  and  fo  many  flavcs  as  the 
court  thinks  fit  to  order  from  the  plant- 
ers from  time  to  time,  are  difperfcd  at 
pofis  placed  at  proper  diftances  on  a  Cor- 
don, furrounding  the  colony  on  the  land 
fide,  in  order,  as  far  as  poffible,  to  defend 
the  diltant  plantations  and  the  colony  in 
general  from  the  attacks  of  feveral  dan- 
gerous bands  of  runaway  fiaves,  which 
from  very  fmall  beginnings  have,  from 
the  natural  prolificacy  of  the  negro  race, 
and  the  continual  addition  of  frefla  fugi- 
tives, arrived  at  fuch  an  height  as  to  have 
coll  the  country  very  great  fums  cf  money 
and  much  lofs  of  men,  without  being  able 
to  do  thefe  negroes  any  efFeclual  injury. 
This  colony  was  firfi  poffefi'ed  by  the 
French  as  early  as  the  year  1630  or  40, 
and  was  abandoned  by  them  on  account 
of  its  unhealthy  climate.  In  the  year 
i6jo  it  was  taken  up  by  fome  Engliflimen, 
and  in  i66z  a  charter  was  granted  by 
Charles  11.  About  this  time  it  was  con- 
fiderably  augmented  by  the  fettlement  of 
a  number  of  Jews,  who  had  been  driven 
out  of  Cayenne  and  the  Brazils,  whole 
defcendants  (with  other  Jews)  compofe 
at  prefent  one  half  of  the  white  inhabit- 
ants of  the  colony,  and  are  allowed  great 
privileges.  In  1667  it  was  taken  by  the 
Dutch,  and  the  EngHfli  having  got  pof- 
fefllon  about  the  fame  time  of  the  then 
Dutch  colony  of  N.  York,  each  party  re- 
tained its  conquefi:,  the  Englifli  planters 
mod:  of  them  retired  to  Jamaica,  leaving 
their  fiaves  beliind  them,  whofe  language 
is  ftill  Englifli,  but  fo  corrupted  as  not  to 
be  undcrftood  at  firfl:  by  an  Engliili!r:an. 
At  prefent  this  colony  is  in  the  poflefiion 
Of  the  Britifii. 

Dutchman  s  Point,  a  point  of  land  on  the 
Vermont  fide  of  lake  Champlain,  about 
16  riiiles  S  of  the  Canada  line.  The  Brit- 
ifli  held  a  ftockaded  hut  hcte,  garrifoned 
by  6  foldiers,  after  the  peace  of  1 783.  It 
has  fincc  been  delivered  up  to  the  United 
States. 

Duxhorciigh,  a  maritime  and  poft  town 
Vol.  I.  U 


In  Plymouth  co.  Maflachufetts,  incorpo- 
rated in  1637.  Twenty  veffels,  the  greater 
part  from  60  to  90  tons,  are  owned  here. 
It  is  a  healthy  town,  and  contains  1664 
inhabitants.  It  lies  N  by  W  ot  Plymouth, 
3  miles  acrofs  Plymouth  bay  by  water, 
and  8  round  by  land,  and  38  S  E  by  S  of 
Boflon.  Within  the  harbour  are  Clarke's 
I.  confifting  of  about  100  acres  of  excel- 
lent land,  and  Sauquifli  I.  which  was  for- 
merly joined  to  the  Gurnet,  by  a  narrow 
piece  of  fand ;  but  the  water  has  infulat- 
ed  it.  The  Gurnet  is  an  eminence  at  the 
fouthern  extremity  of  the  beach,  on  which 
is  a  light  houfe  built  by  the  flate.  I'he 
Indian  name  of  the  town  was  Aiattakee- 
fct,  or  Namakeefet.  It  was  fettled  by 
Capt.  Standilli  and  his  afTociatcs.  The 
captain  (the  military  commander  of  the 
colony)  came  to  Plymouth  with  the  fn  (I 
fcttlers  in  1620.  A  hill  in  the  town  is  now 
called  the  Captain's  Hill. 

Diixbtiry,  a  tovvnfliip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  about  7,0  miles  S  E  of  Burling- 
ton, and  contains  153  inhabitants. 


./  J  ARL,  a  tovvnfliip  in  Lancafler  cd, 
Pennfylvania,  and  has  3669  inhabitants. 

Eiiftanallee,  the  N  E  head  branch  of  Al- 
abama R.  in  Georgia,  on  which  ftands  the 
town  of  Eaflanallee. 

Eap  Ando'ver,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
90  miles  N  W  of  Portland,  having  175 
inhabitants. 

Eaji  Bay,  is  ah  arm  of  lake  Champlain, 
which  from  its  S  point  projedls  cafhvard. 

Ea/l  Bethlehem,  a  tovvnfliip  in  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  1 461  inhabitants. 

Eajl  Camp,  a  village  of  N.  York,  in  Co- 
lumbia CO.  on  the  E  bank  of  the  Hndfon, 
7  miles  above  Red  Hook,  13  N  of  N.  York. 

Eafi  Chejler,  a  townihip  in  Weft  Chefler 
CO.  N.  York,  on  Long  I.  found,  about  8 
miles  S  W  of  Rye,  5  northerly  of  Weft 
Chefter,  and  1 7  N  E  of  N.  York.  It  con- 
tains 738  inhabitants. 

Eaf^er,  an  ifle  in  the  Pacific  ocean  ;  S 
lat.  27  II,  W  loo.  Ill  K^.  It  is  barren, 
and  has  no  frefli  water,  except  in  the  cra- 
ter of  an  extinguiflicd  volcano.  The  na- 
tives are  fomctimes  driven  to  the  necefGty 
of  drinking  fca  water.  They  are  about 
20C0  fouls,  a  thievifli,  lewd  race  of  mor- 
tals. Their  foil  is  fertile;  yams,  pota- 
toes, bananas,  are  their  principal  fupport. 
They  live  in  fmall  comnuinitics,  each 
party  occupying  one  common  habitation, 
difregarding'the  laws  of  chaftity,  and  the 
folemnity 


EAS 


EAS 


folemnity  of  the  marriage  rite.  One  of 
thefe  dwcllirlgs,  which  has  been  meafured, 
is  310  feet  long,  10  wide,  and  10  high. 
The  roof  being  fupported  by  pillars  of 
lava,  the  only  kind  of  flones  in  the  ifland. 

Eajlern  D'ijlriSl^  The^  in  U.  Canada,  was 
originally  conftituted  and  erected  into  a 
diflriiSt,  by  the  name  of  the  diftridl  of 
Lmienburgh,  in  the  province  of  Quebec, 
by  Lord  Dorchefter's  proclamation  of  the 
a4th  Jnly,  1788;  and  was  taken  princi- 
pally off' the  W  end  of  Montreal.  It  re- 
ceived its  prefent  name  by  an  ait  of  the 
provincial  legillature :  it  is  bounded  eaft- 
erly  by  the  province  of  Lower  Canada  ; 
foutherly  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence  ; 
northerly  by  the  Ottawa  river  ;  and  weft- 
crly  by  a  meridian  pafling  through  the 
mouth  of  the  Gananoq^ue  R.  in  the  town- 
fliip  of  Leeds.  Sinyth. 

Eofiern  IJland^  CH  the  E  Hde  of  Chefa- 
pcak  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Chefter  R. 

Eajiern  Precin6l^  in  Somerfet  CO.  N.  Jcr- 
fey,  contained,  in  1790,  2068  inhabitants, 
of  whom  468  were  flaves. 

Eajlern  River,  a.  fettlement  in  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  containing,  in  1790,  240  in- 
habitantSi 

E'lJlertoK,  a  village  in  Dauphin  co,  Penn- 
fylvania,  on  the  E  fide  of  Sufquehanna  R. 
4  miles  N  by  W  of  Harrilburg,  and  in 
N  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Eajl  Florida.      See  Florida. 

Eafi  Greeniuich,  a  poft  town,  and  the 
chief  townlliip  in  Kent  co.  Rhode  liland  ; 
16  miles  S  of  Providence,  and  aa  N  N  W 
of  Newport,  and  contains  1775  inhabit- 
ants. The  compact  part,  called  Green- 
wich town,  has  a  number  of  dwelling 
houfes,  a  meeting  houfe,  and  handfome 
court  houfe  ;  and,  although  its  commerce 
is  greatly  reduced,  carries  on  the  iifheries 
to  advantage,  and  fends  fome  veiTels  to  the 
W.  Indies.  It  is  fituated  on  the  N  W  part 
of  Narraganfet  bay.  Both  this  town  and 
Wanvkck  are  noted  for  making  good  ci- 
der ;  and  formerly  for  railing  tobacco  for 
exportation. 

EaJlHadJum,A  pofl:  towninMlddlcfex  co. 
ConneCHcut,  on  the  E  fide  of  Connecticut 
R.  oppofice  to  Haddam,  of  which  it  was 
formerly  a  part.  It  was  fettled  in  1704, 
and  lies  14  miles  fouthwardly  of  Middle- 
ton,  21  miles  N  W  of  N.  London,  and  has 
aSo.?  inhabitants. 

Eaflbamy  d  poft  town  in  Barnllable  co. 
Maffachufetts,  6  miles  long,  and  2^  wide. 
It  is  on  the  peninfula  of  Cape  Cod  between 
Orleans  and  Wellfleet.  Its  diftance  from 
BoHoG  by  the  road  is  94  miles,  a^nd  ia  a 


flraight  line  68.  Above  1000  bufliels  of 
corn  are  annually  fent  to  market  from 
this  town.  Five  and  twenty  years  ago  a 
threefold  quantity  was  exported.  The 
forefts  having  been  cut  down,  the  wind 
has  made  a  large  part  of  the  townfliip 
like  a  defert  of  fand,  but  enclofures  and 
beach  grafs  promife  to  preferve  the  fer- 
tile grounds.  There  are  659  inhabitants 
in  122  families,  inhabiting  99  dwelling 
houfes,  only  7  of  which  are  2  (lories  high. 
At  the  diftance  of  a  mile  a  light  houfe 
was  ere<fled  on  the  high  lands  of  Cape 
Cod,  in  1798.  The  town  contains  a 
meeting  houfe,  which  was  lately  enlarged 
and  repaired,  and  2  fchool  houfes.  Here 
and  at  Orleans  the  Naufet  Indians  for- 
merly dwelt;     Lat.  41  51  N,  Ion.  69  56  W. 

Eq/l  Hampton,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliirc 
CO.  Maffachufetts,  6  miles  S  of  Northamp- 
ton, and  105  W  by  S  of  Bofton.  It  con- 
tains 586  inhabitants,  and  is  divided  from 
the  W  bank  of  Connedricut  R.  by  the 
celebrated  mountain  called  Moi/nt  "Tom. 

Eajl  Hampton,  a  handfome  town  in  Suf- 
folk CO.  N.  York,  on  the  S  E  coaft  of  Long 
Ifland,  12  miles  E  N  E  of  South  Hampton, 
and  105  E  of  N.  York  city.  It  has  a 
Prefbyterian  church,  an  academy,  and 
about  80  dwelling  houfes  in  one  ftreet. 
The  townfliip  contains  1549  inhabitants. 
Gardner's  Ifland  is  annexed  to  this  town. 

Eafi  Hartford,  in  Hartford  co,  Connec- 
ticut, lies  on  the  E  bank  of  Connecticut 
R  oppofite  to  Hartford;  The  compacSfc 
part  of  it  lies  in  one  broad  ftreet  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  length.  Here  are  a  number 
of  mills  on  the  different  ftreams  which 
water  the  town  ;  alio  iron  and  glafi 
works.     It  has  3057  inhabitants. 

Eafi  Haven,  a  townfliip  in  New  Haven 
CO.  Connecticut,  on  the  E  fide  of  New- 
Haven  harbour.  There  is  a  fort  2  mile* 
from  the  mouth  of  the  bay  oppofite 
Smith's  point  to  defend  the  paffage.  The 
Scotch  Captain  and  other  fmall  iflots  and 
rocks  lie  on  the  S  fliore.  It  has  1004  in- 
habitants. 

r^fi  Haven,  a  townfliip  in  Effex  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Maidftone,  it  miles  S  E  of 
the  fouthern  end  of  Wilioughby's  lake, 
and  j8  N  by  W  of  tJie  upper  bar  of  the 
15  mile  falls  on  Connecticut  R. 

Eafi  Kingjlon,  in  Rockingham  co*  N. 
Hampfliirc,  a  part  of  Kingfton  ;  which, 
fee.     It  contains  392  inhabitants. 

Eafi  Main,  is  that  part  of  New  Britain, 
or  Labrador,  in  N.  America,  which  lies 
on  the  E  fide  of  James  bay  ;  as  part  of 
New  South  Wales  oa  the  W  fide  of  the 


EAS 


EDE 


fame  bay  is  called  M'^eji  Main.  The  ITud- 
fon  bay  faAory  called  Eafl:  Main,  is  Rtu- 
ated  on  the  S  part  of  Eafl:  Main,  between 
Rupert  and  Slade  rivers,  both  of  wliich 
run  weftward  into  James  bay. 

Eajlon^  a  pofl  town  of  Pennlylvania,  and 
•capital  of  Northampton  co.  pleafantly  fit- 
uated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lehigb ;  and 
•on  the  W  fide  of  Delaware  R.  It  is  reg- 
ularly laid  out,  and  contains  about  ijo 
conipacL  dwelling  houfcs,  a  church,  court 
houfe,  rcgifter's  office,  and  an  academy, 
and  1045  inhal^itants.  It  is  12  nules  N 
E  of  Bethlehem,  and  70  N  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Eajlofiy  the  chief  and  port  town  of  Tal- 
bot CO.  Maryland,  formerly  called  Talbot 
Court  Houfe,  is  on  the  E  fide  of  Chefa- 
peak  bay,  near  the  forks  of  Treadhaven 
R.  12  miles  from  its  junclion  with  Chop- 
tank  R,  It  has  a  handfome  court  houfe, 
and  market  houfe  ;  about  150  dwelling  • 
houfcs,  and  feveral  ftores  for  the  fupply 
of  the  adjacent  country.  It  is  5  miles  S 
wefterly  of  Williamfburg,  37  S  of  Chefter 
Town,  and  n8  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Eaflon^  a  towafliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.  York.     It  has  3069  inhabitants. 

Enfion^  or  Eajioivn,  a  pofi:  town,  im]X>rt- 
ant  for  its  iron  manufactures,  fituated  in 
Brifiol  CO.  MgfTachufetts,  near  the  head  of 
RaynhamR.  6  miles  NWof  Raynham,and 
12  W  of  Bridgewater.  It  contains  1550 
inhabitants.  The  befi:  miUfaws  in  the  fiate 
are  made  here.  The  art  of  making  ftcel 
was  introduced  here  by  Capt.  Eliph.I^eon- 
ard,  in  1786.  It  is  made  in  quantities; 
and  is  cheaper  than  imported  fteel,  and 
equal  in  quality  for  large  work,  fucb  as 
plough  fliares,  horfe  ilioes,  ,&c.  which  re- 
quire large  quantities  of  bard  fteel.  But 
for  edge  tools,  in  general,  it  is  found  to  be 
of  inferior  quality  to  what  is  imported,  j 
The  manuta(5ture  of  Linfeed  oil  began 
here  in  1792,  and  from  an  annual  ftock 
of  3000  bufliels  of  feed,  there  has  been 
annually  produced  near  5000  gallons  of 
oil. 

Eafons  Beacb  and  Bay^  lie  at  the  fouth- 
crn  end  of  Rhode  Ifland. 

Ejfoivn,  in  Wafliington  co.  N.  York,  on 
the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  R.  formerly  the 
eafterly  part  of  Saratoga,  and  has  Cam- 
bridge E  ;  containing  3072  inhabitants. 

Eajlport,  a  poft  town  in  Wafliington  co. 
Maine.  This  townfhip  forms  the  weftern 
cape  of  Paflamaquoddy  bay,  and  the 
mouth  of  Kobbefkook  R.  It  is  the  re- 
moteft  incorporated  townfliip  on  the 
Wifiera  boundary  of  Maine,  and  of  the 


United  States.  Quoddy  Head  makes  a 
paTt  of  the  townfliip,  between  which  and 
Campo  Bcllo  Ifland  is  what  is  called  the 
Weft  PafTage.  It  lies  888  miles  N  E  from 
Wafliington,  and  about  ao  E  of  Machias. 

Ecif  Ji.  in  the  ftate  of  N-  York,  and  the 
waters  of  North  or  Hudfon  R.  form  York 
I.  The  communication  between  North 
R.  and  Long  I.  found  is  by  Eaft  R.  along 
the  eafl:ern  ilde  of  N.  York  ifland. 

Eafty  or  North  Haven,  or  ^^inepauge  R. 
in  Connedlicut,  rifes  '\i\  Southington,  not 
far  from  a  bend  in  Farmington  R.  and 
paifing  through  Wallingford  and  North 
Haven,  empties  into  New  Haven  harbour. 
It  has  been  contemplated  to  connecH:  the 
fource^f  this  river  with   Farmington  R. 

Eajl  Toivn,  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania, 
"has  444  inhabitants. 

Eafi  Whitdand,  a  townflilp  in  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  642  inhabitants. 

Eajl  JVindfor,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford 
CO.  Connedlicut ;  feparated  from  Windfor 
by  Conncd:icut  R.  and  about  7  miles  N 
E  X)f  Hartford.  The  compact  part  of  the 
town  lies  on  one  broad  ftreet  of  about  7, 
mites  in  lenglli.  In  the  townfliip  are  3 
Congregational  churches.  The  lands  are 
fertile  ;  and  befide  thofe  articles  common 
to  the  ftate,  produce  large  quantities  of 
good  tobacco.     It  has  2766  inhabitants. 

EatoK,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  E  of 
Afcot,  adjoining,  having  400  inhabitants. 
A  fouthern  branch  of  St.  Francis  R.  pafl'es 
through  this  town. 

Eaton,  a  town  in  the  northern  part  of 
Strafford  co.  N.  Hampfliire  ;  3  miles  N  of 
the  Great  OflTipee  lake,  and  about  56  N  by 
W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1766,  and  contains  381  inhabitants. 

Eatontoivn,  improperly  called  Edentovvn, 
a  pleafant  village  in  N.  Jerfey,  about  a 
mile  S  of  the  town  of  Shrewft)ury,  in  the 
fame  townfliip.  It  is  a  place  of  fomc 
bufinefs  and  thriving. 

Ebene-zer,  the  capital  of  Effingham  co. 
Georgia,  feated  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Sa- 
vannah R.  5  miles  from  Abercorn,  25  N 
N  W  of  Savannah,  75  S  E  of  Louifville, 
and  860  SW  of  Philadelphia.  It  con- 
tains but  a  few  houfes,  lefs  than  a  dozen, 
going  to  decay  ;  and  a  decent  brick 
church.  It  was  fettled  in  I755>  by  a 
number  of  Proteftants driven  out  of  Saltf- 
burg,in  the  EleAorate  of  Bavaria,  by  per- 
fecution, 

Eddyinlle,  a  poft  town,  Livingfton  ca. 
Kentucky,  821  miles  W  by  S  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Eden^  a  poft  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
incorporated 


EDG 


EEL 


incorporated  in  1796,  taken  from  the 
northerly  part  of  Mount  Dcfert.  This 
iiland  is  764  miles  carter ly  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Eden^  a  townfiiip  in  Orleans  co.  Ver- 
mont, N  W  of  Craftfbury,  adjoining. 

E'h'nton^  a  diftridt  on  the  fcacoaft  of  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of  Vir- 
ginia ;  E  by  the  ocean  ;  "W  by  Halifax 
diftri'il,  and  S  by  Newbern.  It  is  fubdi- 
vided  into  9  counties,  viz.  Chowan,  Paf- 
Quotanlc,  Perquimins,  Gaces,  Hertford, 
Bertie,  and  Tyrrel.  It  contains  56,986 
inhabitants,  of  whom  21,63^  are  flaves. 
Its  chief  town  is  Edenton.  The  wood  is 
chiefly  pine,  oak,  cyprefs,  and  juniper  ; 
of  all  which  there  is  abundance.  The 
lands  in  this  diftritSt  are  level,  rich,  and 
remarkably  well  watered.  Almoft  half 
the  inhabitants  are  in  Havery. 

EJenton^  the  capital  of  the  above  diftri<5t, 
is  a  poft  town  and  port  of  entry,  at  the 
head  of  a  bay  on  the  N  fide  of  Albemarle 
found,  and  at  the  N  E  fide  of  the  opening 
of  Chowan  R.  It  contains  above  150  in- 
different wooden  buildings,  a  few  hand- 
fome  ones,  and  130a  inhabitants,  of  whom 
713  are  (laves.  The  public  buildings  are 
an  ancient  brick  Epifcopal  church,  a 
court  lioufe  and  gaol.  In  or  near  the 
town  lived  the  proprietary,  and  the  firfl 
of  the  royal  governors.  Its  fituation  is 
advantageous  for  trade,  but  unhealthy  ; 
which  doubtlefs  has  tended  to  retard  its 
profperity.  Its  exports  in  the  year  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to  the  value 
of  50,646  dolls.  It  is  97  miles  N  of  New- 
bern, 257  N  N  E  of  Wilmington,  139  S  E 
of  Pcterlburgh,  and  440  S  S^'W  of'phila- 
delphia.     N  lat.  36  6,  W  Ion.  77  ii. 

EdJyJloivn,  A  plantation  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  R. 

Ei^arton^  a  port  of  entry  and  pofl:  town 
of  Mailachufetts,  and  the  chief  town  of 
Duke's  CO.  fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  I'he  fertile 
ifland  of  Chrtbaquidick  is  within  the  ju- 
rifdiclion  of  Edgarton  ;  which  has  a  fmall 
trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  exports  in 
1  7 94,  for  one  year  ending  September  30th, 
amounted  to  its']  dollars  value.  It  lies 
about  14  miles  S  of  Barnlbable  county,  on 
the  main,  and  100  miles  S  S  E  of  Bofton 
It  was  incorporated  in  1 671,  and  contains 
I2a6  inhabitants. 

Edgcomh,  formerly  Freetown,  a  townfiiip 
in  Lincoln  co.  Marne,  E  S  E  of  WifcafTctp 
adjoining,  containing  989  inhabitants.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1774,  and  lies  180 
miles  N  by  E  cf  Bofion. 


Eifgcomh,  a  county  of  Halifax  diftriA, 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  S  by  Pitt  co.  S  W 
by*  Wayne  co.  and  Tar  R.  which  affords 
it  communication  with  feveral  counties  in 
the  ftatc  ;  W  by  Nafli  co.  and  E  by  Mar- 
tin and  Halifax  counties.  It  contains 
9898  inhabitants, of  whom  3580  are  flaves. 

Edgefield,  a  diitriiSl  in  S.  Carolina,  bound- 
ed N  by  Saluda  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Newbury  diftrid: ;  S  W  by  Savannah  R. 
which  feparates  it  from  the  ftate  of  Geor- 
gia ;  W  by  Abbeville.  The  ridge  of  ele- 
vated land,  which  divides  the  waters  of 
Saluda  from  thofe  of  Savannah  R.  pailes 
nearly  through  the  middle  of  the  county. 
Edgefield  difl;ri<5t  is  about  44  miles  long, 
an^  ^4  broad. 

Edgefield  Court  Hoiife^  in  tlie  above  dif- 
tricl,  where  is  a  poft  office,  is  20  miles 
from  Abbeville  court  houfe  ;  25  from 
Augufta,  and  60  from  Columbia. 

Edgemoiity  a  townihip  in  Delaware  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  509  inhabitants. 

Edifo,  or  Ponpon^  a  navigable  river  in  S. 
Carolina,  which  rifes  in  two  branches 
from  a  remarkable  ridge  in  the  interior 
part  of  the  ftate.  Thefe  branches  unite 
below  Orangeburgh,  which  (lands  on  the 
N  fork,  and  form  Edifto  river,  which, 
having  paffed  Jackfonburg,  leaving  it  on 
the  S,  branches  and  embraces  Edifto,  and 
I'everal  fmaller  ifles.  For  large  boats  it  is 
navigable  100  miles. 

Ed:jiv,\vi  Orangeco.  S.  Carolina.  Hereis 
a  polt  office,  577  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Edtvard,  Eort,  an  old  fortrefs  now  in 
ruins,  on  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  R.  in  the 
townlliip  of  Argyle,  which  fee. 

Edtvard,  sl  fort  in  Nova  Scotia,  in  the 
town  of  Windfor,  in  Hants  co.  faid  to  be 
large  enough  to  contain  200  men.  It  is 
fituated  on  Avon  R.  which  is  navigable 
thus  far  for  veffels  of  400  tons ;  thofe  of 
60  tons  can  go^  miles  higher. 

EdTvardfburgh  Toivnjkip,  in  the  county 
of  Grenville,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  7th 
townibip  in  afcending  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence. 

Est  R'l'ver  Indians^  inhabit  the  lands  on 
Eel  R.  a  head  branch  of  Wabaflx  R.  They 
were  lately  hoftile  ;  but  ceded  fome  land 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  to  the  U.  States, 
at  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  in  1 795  ;  when 
government  paid  them  a  fum  of  money, 
and  engaged  to  pay  them  in  goods,  to  the 
value  of  500  dollars  annually  for  ever. 

Ed  Cove  and  River,  IJ'anfe  et  la  Riviere  a 

rAngui'le,  on  the  S  fide  of  Chaleur  bay,  is 

about  3  leagues  W  from  Maligaflt.     This 

cove  abounds  with  falnjon,  and   great 

^;-  quantities 


EIG 


ELI 


quantities  of  that  fifli  is  taken  annually, 
bv  a  few  inhabitants  who  are  fettled  here. 

Efingham,  formerly  Leavitftown,  a  town- 
fliip  in  StrafTbrd  co.  N.  Hampiliirc,  S  E 
of  Offipee  pond,  on  Oflipee  R.  incorpo- 
rated in  1766,  and  has  451  iniiabitants, 

EjJinghAin  Co.  in  the  lower  diftri^l  of 
Georgia,  is  bounded  by  Savannah  R.  on 
the  N  eaftward,  which  feparatcs  it  from 
S.Carolina;  by  Ogeechee  R.  on  the  S 
iveftward,  which  divides  it  from  Liberty 
CO.  It  contains  207a  inhabitants,  inckid- 
ing  76a  faA'es.  Chief  towns,  Ebenescr 
and  Elberton. 

E^g  Harbour y  a  town  in  Gloucefter  co, 
N.  Jerfey,  on  Great  Egg  Harbour  ;  famous 
for  the  exportation  of  pine  and  cedar. 

Egg  Harbour  R.  Greet  and  Little.  Great 
Egg  Harbour  R.  rifes  between  Gloucefter 
and  Cumberland  counties,  in  N-  Jerfey. 
After  running  E  S  E  a  few  nailes,  it  be- 
comes the  divifional  line  between  Cape 
May  and  Gloucefter  counties,  and  falls 
into  the  bay  of  its  own  name.  The  inlet 
from  the  Atlantic  ocean  lies  in  39  zz. 
The  river  abounds  with  flieepfhead,  rock- 
fiili,  perch,  oylters,  clams,  &c.  which  find 
a  ready  market  at  Philadelphia.  This 
river  is  navigable  ao  miles  for  veflels  of 
200  tons.  Little  Egg  Harbour  Inlety  lies 
about  1 7  miles  N  E  of  Great  Egg  Harbour 
Inlet.  It  receives  Mulicus  R.  which  rifes 
in  Gloucefter  and  Burlington  counties, 
and  forms  part  of  the  divifional  line  a 
few  miles  from  the  bay.  It  is  navigable 
10  miles  for  veflels  of  60  tons.  The  town- 
fliip  of  Little  Egg  Harbour^  in  Burlington 
CO.  confifts  of  about  a.^,000  acres  ;  the 
rnofl:  of  which,  being  chin  and  barren,  is 
not  under  improvement.  The  compacSt 
part  of  thetownfliip  is  called  Clam  Toivn^ 
where  there  is  a  meeting  houfe  for  Friends, 
and  about  a  dozen  houfes.  It  has  a  fmall 
trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  During  the  late 
war  captains  Fergufon  and  Collins  burnt 
'a  number  of  privateers  and  other  veffels 
in  Little  Egg  Harbour,  and  dellroyed  the 
place. 

Egg  /.a  fmall  ifland  on  the  N  E  fide  of 
Delaware  bay  in  Cumberland  co. 

Egmont,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean, 
difcovered  by  Capt.  Carteret.  The  Span- 
iards called  it  Santa  Cruz.  S  lat.  19  lo, 
E  Ion,  from  Greenwich  164  30. 

Egremonf,  a  townfliip  in  Berkfliire  co. 
Maffachufetts,  containing  835  inhabitants, 
incorporated  in  1760  ;  15  kiilcs  SW  of 
Stockbridge,  and  145  W  of  Boflon. 

Eighteen    Mile,   or  Long    Beach,  on    the 

?oafl  of  N.  Jerfey,  lies  between  Little 


Egg  Harbour  Inlet,  and  that  of  Barnegat. 

Elbert^?i  co.intheupper  dillrldl  of  Geor- 
gia, betw.  en  Tugulo  and  Broad  rivers, 
I'he  S  E  corner  of  the  co.  is  at  their  ccui- 
fiuence,  at  the  town  of  Peterfburg.  On 
the  N  W  it  is  bounded  by  Erankhn  co. 
It  is  divided  into  i  7  townfliip?,  and  con- 
tains 10,094  inhabitants,  of  whom  2816 
are  flaves. 

Elberton,  the  feat  of  juftice  in  the  above 
CO.  is  Z3  miles  N  W  of  Peterlburg,  and  30 
S  E  of  Franklin  court  houfe.  Here  is  a 
poiloiBce. 

Elberton,  a  pofl  town  in  EtTu^igham  co, 
Georgia,  on  the  NE  bank  of  Ogeechee  R. 
It  is  about  19  miles  W  of  Ebenezer,  48 
N  W  of  Savannah,  and  SS  ^  EofLouifville. 

Elbotv  L  in  the  N  weitern  part  of 
lake  Superior  in  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  N 
E  of  the  Grand  Portage,  and  W  of  Ifle 
Maurepas. 

Eluthcra,  or  Alahajler,  one  of  the  Baha- 
ma or  Lucava  iilands,  where  above  60 
families  formerly  fettled  under  Dcp.  Gov. 
Holmes,  and  ercdied  a  fmall  fort. 

Elias,  Mount  St.  a  mountain  near  the 
flaore  of  the  N  W  coaft  of  America,  N  W 
of  Admiralty  bay,  and  S  E  of  Prince 
William's  found. 

Elizabeth,  Cafe.  See  Cafe  ElizahdL  jflld 
Cafcn  Bay, 

Elizabeth  City  Co.  in  Virginia,  lies  be- 
tween York  and  James  rivers,  having 
Warwick  and  York  counties  on  the  W, 
and  Chefapeak  bay  on  the  E  and  N. 
There  are  feveral  fmall  iflands  on  its  fea 
coaft,  the  chief  of  which  arc  Long  and 
Egg  iflands.  Point  Comfort  is  the  S  eafi;- 
ern  extremity  of  the  co.  It  contains 
IZ56   free   inhabitants,  and  1522  Haves. 

Ellzaheth  City,  Pafquatank  CO.  N.Caro- 
lina, Here  is  a  pofl  otEce,  299  miles  from 
Wailiington. 

Elizabeth  IJlamh,  feveral  fmall  iHands  on 
the  S  E  fide  of  Buzzard's  bay,  extending  S 
wefterly  from  the  extremity  of  Barnftable 
CO.  in  MafTachufetts,  and  bearing  N  W 
from  Martha's  Vineyard  ;  fituated  be- 
tween 41  24  and  41  32  N  lat,  and  between 
70  38  and  70  56  W  Ion.  They  are  about 
16  in  number;  the  chief  of  v^hich  are 
Nafliawn,  Pafqui,  Nalnawenna,  Pinequefe, 
and  Cattahunk  iflands.  All  thefe  be- 
long to  Duke's  CO. 

Elizabeth,  a  fliort  fouthern  arm  of  James 
R,  in  Virginia.  It  affords  an  excellent 
harbour,  and  large  enough  for  300  fliips. 
The  channel  is  from  150  to  2CO  fathoms 
wide  ;  and  at  common  flood  tide  it  has 
18  feet  water  to  Norfolk,  which  ftands 

near 


'ELI 


ELK 


•tar  t"he  mouth  of  its  eaflcm  brancli. 
The  S  branch  riles  in  the  Difmal  Swamp. 
Craney  I.  at  the  mouth  of  Elizabeth,  Hes  5 
miles  S  W  of  Point  Comfort,  at  the  mouth 
of  James  R. 

Elizabeth's  I.  Qucsr.y  in  the  flraits  of 
Magellan,  in  S.  America.  Here  freili  wa- 
ter, herbs  fit  for  fallad,  and  wild  fowl  may 
be  had  in  great  plenty.  The  flaores  alfo 
;ibound  with  fliell  iifh. 

EUzabdh^  a  poft  town  in  LaXJcafcEr  co. 
Pennfylvania,  containing  about  30  houfes, 
a  Dutch  churph,  and  540  inhabitants  ;  18 
miles  N  W  by  W  of  JLancafter,  and  84  W 
by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

El'izabeihtoivii,  a  pofl:  town  and  borough, 
in  Effex  co.  N.  Jerfey  ;  pleafantly  fituated 
on  a  fmall  creek  which  empties  into  Ar- 
thur Kull.  Its  foil  is  equal  to  any  in  the 
llate.  In  the  compadt  part  of  the  town, 
there  are  about  150  houfes,  two  brick 
churches,  one  for  Prefbyterians,  very 
handfome,  the  otlier  for  Epifcopalians, 
and  an  academy.  This  is  ox^.-e  of  the  old- 
cft  towns  in  the  ftate,  having  been  purchal- 
cdofthe  Indians  as  early  as  1664,  and 
fettled  foon  after.  It  lies  6  miles  foutherly 
of  Newark,  and  15  S  W  by  W  of  N.  York. 

EH-ahethioivn,  a  town  of  Alleghany  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Monon- 
gahela  R.  between  Redflone  Old  Fort  and 
Pittiburg,  about  18  miles  from  each,  and 
6  above  the  mouth  of  the  Youghagany. 
Many  boats  arc  built  here  for  the  trade 
find  emigration  to  Kentucky,  and  in  the 
environs  are  feveral  faw  mills.  It  has  1904 
inhabitants.  There  is  another  town  of 
this  name  in  tlie  fame  co.  which  has  in 
inhabitants.     N  lat.  40  13,  W  Ion.  79  22. 

EUzahethtoti'tiy  a  poll  town  of  Maryland, 
and  capital  of  Wafliington  co.  formerly 
called  Hagarftown,  feated  in  the  fertile 
valley  of  Conegocheaguc.  It  has  feveral 
ftreets  regularly  laid  out.  The  houfes  are 
principally  built  of  brick  and  ftone,  in 
number  about  300.  Epifcopalians,  Pref- 
byterians, and  German  Lutherans,  iiave 
each  a  church.  The  court  houfe  and  mar- 
ket houfe  are  handfome  buildings,  and 
the  gaol  is  of  ftone,  and  fubftantial.  The 
trade  with  the  weilern  country  is  confid- 
erable  ;  and  there  are  a  number  of  mills 
in  the  neighbourhood,  on  Antietam  creek. 
See  Hagarjloivn. 

Elizabethtoivn,  the  chief  town  of  Tyrrel 
CO.  in  Edenton  diftridt,  N.  Carolina,  has  a 
gaol,  court  houfe,  and  a  few  dwelling 
houfes.  It  is  40  miles  from  Fayetteville, 
and  !is  from  Wilmington. 

MlizaUtbio'wr.y  a  poft  town  and  tiie  chief 


in  Bladen  co.  N.  Carolina,  is  lituated  cat 
the  N  W  branch  of  Cape  Eear.  It  con- 
tains a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about  30 
houfes  ;  36  miles  fouthward  of  Fayette- 
ville, and  47  N  W  of  Wilmington. 

Elizabethtoivn,  a  poG  town  in  Hffex  co, 
N.  York,  is  on  the  W  fliore  of  Lake 
Champlain,  N  of  Crown  Point,  and  has 
900  inhabitants.  It  is  529  miles  N  by  E 
from  Wafhington. 

Elizabeth  To7W7,  the  towTifliip  of,  in  the 
CO.  of  Leeds,  in  U.  Canada,  is  the  9th 
tov,'nfliip  in  afcending  the  river  St.  I^aw- 
rence.  It  is  well  watered  by  the  river 
Tonianta,  and  three  other  llreams. 

Elk,  a  creek  in  Northumberland  co, 
Pennfylvania,  which  uniting  with  Penn's 
creek,  falls  into  the  Sufquehanna,  5  miles 
below  Sunbiiry. 

Elk,  a  navigable  river  of  the  eaflern 
fliore  of  Maryland,  which  rifes  in  Chcftcr 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  by  two  branches ;  Big 
and  Little  Elk  creeks.  At  their  conflu- 
ence ftands  Elkton.  The  canals  in  con- 
templation from  Elk  R.  to  Delaware  bay, 
are  noticed  under  Delaware  bay. 

Elk,  a  Ihort  navigable  river,  in  the  ftatc 
of  Teneflee.  It  rifes  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
Cumberland  mountain,  runs  S  wefterly, 
and  falls  into  the  Teneflee  a  little  above 
the  Mufcle  fhoals ;  about  40  miles  W  N 
W  of  the  Creeks'  Crofling  Place. 

Elkhorn,  a  fmall  water  of  Kentucky  R. 
The  Elkhorn  lands  are  much  efteemed, 
being  fituated  in  a  bend  of  Kentucky  R, 
in  Fayette  co.  in  which  this  fmall  river, 
or  creek,  rifes. 

Elk  Lake,  one  of  the  chain  of  fmall  lakes 
which  conneAs  the  lake  of  the  Woods 
with  lake  Superior.  N  lat,  48  41,  W 
Ion.  93. 

ElkriJgr,  a  fmall  town  in  Ann  Arundel 
CO.  Maryland,  on  the  S  bank  of  Patapfco 
R.  and  on  the  W  fide  of  Deep  run.  This 
place  is  famous  for  the  bright  tobacco 
called  kite's  foot.  It  is  8  miles  S  W  of  Bal- 
timore, and  19  N  W  of  Annapolis.  N 
lat,  39  12  30. 

Elkton,z  poft  town  of  confidcrable  trade, 
at  the  head  of  Chefapeak  bay,  in  Mary- 
land, and  the  capital  of  Cecil  co.  It  is 
fituated  at  the  confluence  of  the  head 
branches  of  E!k  R.  13  miles  from  its  mouth 
at  Turkey  Point,  and  a  mile  above  French 
town.  The  tide  flows  up  to  the  town, 
and  it  enjoys  great  advantages  from  the 
carrying  trade,  between  Baltimore  and 
Philadelphia.  Upwards  of  250,000  biifli-, 
els  of  wheat  are  collected  here  annually, 
for  fupplying  thofc  markets,  or  the  neigh- 
bouring 


EN:r 


EPH 


liounng  mills.  Elkton  confifts  of  one 
ilrcct,  in  which  are  about  90  houfes,  a' 
court  houfe,  and  gaol.  On  the  W  lide  of 
the  town  is  an  academy.  It  is  I2  miles 
S  V/  of  ChriJUana  bridge,  10  N  E  of 
Charltftou'ii,  47  S  W  of  Philadelphia,  and 
j6  N  E  of  Sakimorc. 

Ellington,  a  towniliip  of  about  2C0  fam- 
ilies atid  1209  inhabitants,  inToiland  co. 
Connetflicut.  It  lies  about  la  miles  N  E 
©f  Hartford  city,  and  6  W  of  Tolland. 

Ellis  R.  in  Maine,  is  a  branch  of  Great 
Amerefcoggin  R.     See  Rumjord. 

Ellifville,  a  port  town,  Cumberland  co. 
Penni'ylvania,  156  miles  froxn  Wailiin^'ton. 

Ellfzvorth,  a  towniliip  on  both  fides  of 
Union  R.  Hancock  co.  Maine,  incorpo- 
rated Feb.  1800,  late  No.  7. 

Elmore,  a  towniliip  in  Orleans  co.  in 
Vermont ;  has  ^5  inhabitants. 

Elmjhy  Toivnfaip,  in  the  eaftern  diflritSl, 
lies  to  the  S,  and  in  the  rear  of  Cumber- 
land, in  U.  Canada.  S).vyth. 

Emery  s  R.  a  fmall  river  in  Ttneffee, 
which  runs  S  E  into  theTenellce,  7  miles 
K  by  E  of  the  mouth  of  Clinch  I-l. 

Emmaia,3.  Moravian fettlement,  8  miles 
from  Bethlehem,  in  Pennfylvania. 

E?nmitfburgh,  or  Eminfjhurgb ,  a  floiirifli- 
ing  village  in  Frederick  co.  M^iryland, 
between  Flat  Run  and  Tom's  creek,  weft- 
crn  head  waters  of  the  Monocacy,  and 
about  a  mile  S  of  the  Pennfylvania  line. 
Here  is  a  poll  office,  24  miles  N  E  by  E 
«f  Frederick,  and  50  N  W  of  Baltimore. 
K  lat,  39  10  30. 

Enchanted  Mountain.     See  Tenejfce. 

Endltfs  Mountains,  a  name  fometimes 
applied  to  the  Alleghany  mountains. 

Endeavour  Straits,  are  between  the  N 
point  of  New  Holland,  and  the  S  coafl;  of 
New  Guinea.  S  Jat.  10,  E  Ion.  from  Paris 
140. 

Enfield,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford  co.  Con- 
iiedlicut,  on  the  E  bank  of  Connecticut  R. 
oppofite  to  Suffield,  and  bounded  on  the 
N  by  the  Maflachufetts  line  :  It  was 
jgranted  by  the  court  of  Mairachufetts.to 
Springfield,  in  1648,  and  was  fettled  in 
1681.  In  1769  it  contained  214  Engliili 
families.  In  the  town  are  two  Congrega- 
tional churches,  and  a  meeting  houfe  for 
Shakers.  The  compa(3:  part  of  the  town, 
contiguous  to  the  river,  is  very  pleafant, 
iS  miles  N  of  Hartford.  It  has  1761  in- 
habitants. 

Enfield,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfhire,  about  i  r  miles  S  E  of  Dart- 
mouth college.  It  was  incorporated  ifl 
*76iiaad  ka*  iiai  nahil^itanti. 


Engatmo,  7roTi:peur^  or  Falfe  Cape,  IS  tfiC 
ealltriimofl:  land  of  the  illand  of  8t.  Do- 
mingo, y\  leagues  northerly  of  Pointc  dc 
I'Epee,  and  22  S  E  of  Cape  Raphael,  or 
Round  Mountain.  N  lat.  19  3,  W  Ion, 
from  Paris  71  25. 

Etigiyl  Harbour^  one  of  the  bed  harbours 
in  tlie  iiland  of  Antigua,  on  the  S  fliore, 
a  mile  S  E  of  the  mouth  of  Falmouth  har- 
bour*. It  is  well  fortified,  and  has  a  royal 
navy  yard  and  arfcnal,  with  conveniences 
for  careening  iliips  of  war.  N  lat.  178 
25,  W  Ion.  61  27  30. 

Englifo  Neighhourhood,  a  village  in  Ber- 
gen CO.  N  Jerfey,  on  a  N  E  branch  of 
Hackiafack  R-  W  of,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Fort  Lee. 

Erigl'Jhtoxvn,  in  N.  Jerfey,  a  fniall  village 
in  the  N  v^^eftern  part  of  Monmouth  co. 
on  the  road  from  Princeton  to  Shrewf- 
bury,  21  miles  from  the  former,  6  W  of 
Monmouth  couit  houfe,  and  i8  Eof 
Pi-inceton. 


E/l^rl 


Vlr 


See    Detour   Des    An 


Eno.,  a  river  in  N.  Carohna,  which 
unites  v/ith  little  and  Flat  rivers  in 
Orange  co.  and  forms  the  Neus,  about  17 
miles  below  Hiilfboroagh. 

Enorce,  u  N  W  branch  of  Broad  R.  ia 
S,  Carolina.  It  joins  Broad  R.  about  j 
miles  below  Tyger  R. 

Enojhirrg,  a  poft  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  about  18  or  20  miles  E  of 
Swantown  has  143  inhabitants. 

Ephrata,  or  Diitiiard  Toivn,  a  village  ia 
Lancafter  co.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  N  W 
fide  of  Calico  creek,  which,  joining  the 
Coneftoga,  fails  into  the  Sufquehanna.  It: 
lies  12  miles  N  of  the  town  of  Lancafter, 
and  upwards  of  60  W  of  Philadelphia. 
It  is  fitualed  in  a  romantic  and  fequefter- 
ed  vale,  and  inhabited  by  a  religious  com- 
munity called  Tankers,  who  are  moftly  of 
German  defcent,  and  believe  in  general 
redemption.  They  ufe  great  plainnefs  of 
drefs  and  language,  and  will  neither  fwear, 
nor  fight,  nor  go  to  law,  nor  take  intereft 
for  the  money  they  lend.  They  have 
many  peculiarities ;  but  their  innocent 
manners  have  acquired  them  the  name  of 
the  harmlefs  Tunkers.  This  fettlement 
is  fometimes  called  Tunker's  Town,  and 
confifts  of  about  40  buildings  ;  of  which  3 
are  places  of  worfliip.  They  fubfift  by 
cultivating  their  lands,  by  attending  a 
printing  office,  a  grift  mill,  a  paper  mill, 
an  oil  mill,  &c.  and  the  fifters  by  fpin- 
ning,  weaving,  fewing,  &c.  Befide  thig 
congregation  at  Ephrata,  there  were  ia 
J  7  70, 14  others  of  tlii*  fe<a  m  various  parts 

of 


E  RI 


ESC 


of  Pennfylvania,  and  fome  in  Maryland, 
^rhe  whole,  exclufxve  of  thofe  in  Maiy- 
Lind,  amounted  to  upwards  of  aooo  fouls. 

Epiugks,  les,  on  the  S  W  branch ; 
of  the  Ottawa  river,  in  U.  Canada  ; 
above  the  maine  or  upper  forks,  be- 
tween portage  a  la  Rofe  and  portage 
I'arelTuex,  but  neareft  to  the  latter  :  it 
is  nearly  half  way  from  the  fork  to  lake 
NepilUng  portage.  Smyth. 

Ef'jnng,  apofl  town  in  RockJn,ci,ham  co. 
N.  Hanipfliire,  taken  from  the  N  Vv''  part 
of  Exetei-.  and  incorporated  in  1741.  It 
contains  ii2l  inhal):tants,  6  miles  N  W 
of  Exeter,  and  23  W  of  Portfmuuth. 

ii^.vZ/.'.',  a  poft  town  in  Rockingham  CO.  N. 
Ilampihire,  lies  E  of  Pembroke,  adjoin- 
ing ;  10  miles  E  of  Concord,  and  45  N 
■\V  cf  Portfniouth.  It  v.'as  incorporated 
in  1 727  ;  in  17  75  it  contained  387, in  1 7yo, 
799,  and  in  1800, 1034  inhabitants. 

Erie,  Fort,  a  flrong  fortification  in  the 
townfliip  of  Bertie,  U.  Canada;  fituated  on 
the  N  Iborc  of  lake  Erie,  and  on  the  W 
liank  of  Niagara  R.  27  miles  S  by  E 
of  Niagara  Fort,  and  18  above  the  carry- 
ing place  at  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  It  has 
a  barrack  fcrr  troops  and  a  block  houfe  ;  a 
company  of  foldiers  are  quartered  here 
for  the  purpofc  of  tranfporting  the  public 
flores.  l^ake  Erie  narrov/s  here  into  theDe- 
troit  firait,  which  carries  the  waters  over 
the  great  falls  of  Niagara  ;  there  is  a  good 
harbour  here  for  veflels  of  any  {17.Q.  Fort 
Eric  has  frequently  fuffered  from  the 
weilerly  gales  which  occaficns  the  lake 
fometiraes  to  rife  very  conliderably.  The 
new  fort  is  projeclcd  on  a  fmall  height  in 
the  rear  of  the  prcfent  garriibn.  N  iat.  43 
S2>  17,  W  Ion.  78  2030. 

Erie,  a  lake  of  the  fourth  magnitude  in 
N.  America,  and  through  which  runs  the 
Kne  between  the  United  States  and  Upper 
Canada.  D'Etroit  R.  on  the  W  brings  the 
waters  of  the  great  lakes  with  which  lake 
Erie  has  a  communication  on  the  N  W, 
and  Niagara  R.  on  the  E  forms  its  commu- 
nication with  the  waters  of  lake  Ontario 
and  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  h  is  fituated 
betv/een  41  and  43  N  Iat.  and  between 
78  48  and  83  W  Ion.  Its  form  is*elipti- 
cal.  Its  length  is  about  225  miles ;  and 
its  medium  breadth  about  40.  It  affords 
good  navigation  for  flapping  of  any  bur- 
den. The  coafl:  on  both  hdes  of  the  lake 
is  generally  favourable  for  the  paflage  of 
batteaux  and  canoes.  Its  banks  in  many 
places  have;  a  flat  fandy  fliore,  particularly 
to  the  eafnvard  of  the  peninfula  called 
Long  Point,  >^ich   runs  upwards  of  18 


miles  into  the  lake,  and  being  compofed  of 
fand,  is  very  convenient  to  haul  boats  out 
of  the  furf  upon  it,  v/hen  the  lake  is  too 
rough  for  failing  and  rowing  ;  yet  in  fome 
places,  chiefly  on  the  S  fide  towards  both 
ends  of  the  lake,  it  would  be  dangerous  to 
approach,  and  impoflible  to  land,  Ijy  rea- 
fon  of  the  perpendicular  height  of  tlie 
rocks.  Some  of  thefe,  (as  at  Cayahoga, 
v/itichare  already  defcribed)  are  mr-gnili- 
ccnt  beyond  dcrcription,and  ruift  alio  in- 
fpire  dread  in  the  boldeft  breaft,  when 
viewed  from  the  water.  Lake  Erie  ha* 
a  great  variety  of  fine  lifli,  fuch  as  flur- 
gcon,  eel,  white  filli,  trout,  perch,  &.c. 
Lakes  Huron  and  A-lichigan  aflbrd  com- 
munication with  lake  Erie,  by  veflels  of 
S  feet  draug.ht.  There  are  portages  into 
the  waters  of  lake  Erie  from  the  Wabafli, 
Great  Miami,  MiilTvingum,  and  Alleghany, 
from  2  to  16  miles.  The  portage  be- 
tween the  Ohio  and  Potowmac  will  be  a- 
bout  20  miles,  when  the  obflrudtions  in 
the  Monongahela  and  Cheat  rivers  are 
removed. 

Erie's,  an  Indian  nation,  called  by  the 
French,  du  Chat,  or  Catnation.  They 
were  extirpated  by  the  Iroquois  about 
th.e  year  1655.  Were  it  not  for  the  lake 
which  flill  bears  the  name  of  that  nation, 
one  would  not  have  known  that  they 
ever  exifted.  » 

Erie,  a  county  of  Pennfylvania  on  the 
S  fide  of  lake  Erie,  containing  639,400 
acres,  and  1468  inhabitants.  Chief  town 
Erie. 

Er;re/i  Totvn,  in  the  midland  diflriA,  in 
U.  Canada,  is  thefinefl:  townfln'p  above 
Kingflon,  flieltered  from  lake  Ontario 
by  Amherft  Ifland,  which  lies  in  its 
front. 

Errol,  a  fmall  uninhabited  town  on 
lake  Umbagog,  in  the  N.  eafternmofl:  fet- 
tled part  of  Grafton  co.  N.  Hamplliire,  in- 
corporated in  1774. 

EJcamhia,  one  of  the  mofl:  confiderable 
rivers  that  fall  into  the  bay  of  Penfacola, 
in  W.  Florida,  empties  itfelf  near  the  head 
of  the  N  branch,  about  12  or  15  miles 
from  Penfacola,  through  feveral  marflies 
and  channels,  v/liich  have  a  number  of 
illands  between  them,  that  are  overflow- 
ed when  the  w;iter  is  high,  A  flioal  near 
its  mouth  prevents  veflels,  drawing  more 
than  5  or  6  feet,  from  entering  ;  but 
there  is  from  2  to  4  fathoms  of  water  af- 
terwards. Capt.  Hutchins  afcended  it  in 
a  boat  upwards  of  80  miles,  and  from  the 
depth  of  water  there,  it  appeared  to  be 
navigable  for  pettiaugers  many  miles  fur- 
ther. 


ES 


ES 


♦.ii'er.  It  is  uncertain  where  its  fource 
is.  The  courfe  is  very  winding.  At  the 
mouth  of  the  river  on  the  W  lide  was  the 
town  of  Cambleton,  fettled  by  French 
Proteftants  in  1766,  but  was  afterwards 
abandoned.  The  lands  in  general  on 
each  fide  of  the  river,  are  rich,  low 
or  fwajnpy,  admirably  adapted  for  the 
culture  of  rice  or  corn.  The  great  num- 
ber of  rivulets  which  fall  into  this  river 
from  the  high  circumjacent  country,  may 
be  led  over  any  part  of  the  rice  lands,  at 
any  feafon  of  the  year.  The  numerous 
iHands  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  fome  of 
very  confiderable  extent,  are  not  inferior 
for  rice  to  any  in  America.  The  fettle- 
nients  made  by  MeiTrs.  Tait  and  Mitchell, 
capt.  Johnfon,  Mr.  Mc  Kinnon,  and  fome 
others,  are  very  evident  proofs  of  this 
alfertion  ;  who  within  two  years  of  their 
firfl:  fettlement,  had  nearly  cleared  all  the 
expenfes  they  had  been  at  in  making  very 
confiderable  eft  dilifhments  ;  and  would 
entirely  have  done  it  in  another  year,  had 
not  the  Spaniards  taken  poireilion  of  the 
country. 

Ef.atari,  a  fmall  ifland  about  5  leagues 
N  of  Louifbourg,  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton. 

■Epipus.    See  Kingfton,  N.  York. 

Efpiritit  Santo,  IJles  del^  lituated  on  the 
S  Wof  Providence,  in  the  W.  Indies.  See 
Andros  Ijles: 

Efpiritu  SdhSio,  a  bay  on  the  W  coaft  of 
E.  Florida,  in  27  8  N  lat.  It  has  a  good 
harbour,  4  fathom  water,  and  fafe  anchor- 
age ;  but  the  land  all  about  the  coaft  is 
very  low,  and  cannot  be  feen  from  a 
fliip's  deck  wh(!n  in  7  fathom  water.  Sev- 
eral low,  fandy  iflands  and  marllies,  cov- 
ered with  mangrove  buflxes,  he  before  the 
main  land.  Here  are  immenfe  numbers 
of  fifli  in  the  fummer  time,  which  may 
be  caught  with  a  feine,  enough  to  load  a 
iliip,  (if  the  climate  v/ouid  admit  of  cur- 
ing them)  even  in  a  few  days. 

Efquimaux.  See  Labrador  and  New 
JBritain. 

Efqu'iTTzaux,  a  large  bay  on  the  Labrador 
coaft,  into  which  a  river  of  the  fame  name 
empties.  It  lies  in  the  N  W  part  of  the 
,gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  ftralts  of  Belleiile.  Efquimaux  illands 
lie  a'^rofs  its  mouth. 

EJfeqitdo  D'firtSi  and  River.  Eflcquebo  Is 
a  diltrivSl  of  Dutch  Guiana,  in  S.  America, 
and  receives  its  name  from  the  large  nav- 
igable river  which  waters  it.  See  Dcmara- 
ra  and  Dutch  America. 

Epx^  one  of  the  moft  populous  and  beft 
Vol.  t.  W 


cultii?ated  counties  In  Maffachufetts,  Is 
bounded  N  by  N.  Hampfhire  ;  E  and  S  by 
the  ocean,  and  the  town  of  Chelfea  in  Suf- 
folk CO.  W  by  Mlddlefcx  co.  in  length 
about  38  miles,  in  breadth  aj  ;  and  is 
fliaped  triangularly,  Chelfea  being  the 
acute  point.  The  chief  ill  and  on  its  coaft, 
is  Plum  ifland.  It  is  fubdivided  into  2 a 
townfliips,  which  contain  7644  houfes,  and 
61,196  inhabitants  ;  having  about  135 
fouls  to  a  fquare  mile.  The  firftfettlement 
in  Maflachufetts  proper  was  made  in  Sa- 
lem, the  capital  of  the  county,  in  1628,  by 
John  Endicott,  Eiq.  one  of  the  original 
patentees,  and  many  years  governor  of 
the  colony.  It  was  made  a  fliire  in  1643, 
being  one  of  the  three  into  which  the  col- 
ony was  firil  divided.  ECex  co.  pays  about 
one  feventh  part  of  the  ftate  tax,  cledts 
fix  fenators  fur  the  government  of  the  com- 
monwealth, and  tv^o  reprcfentatives  in  the 
legiflature  of  the  United  Slates.  Its  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Salem,  Newburynort, 
Gloucefter,  Marblehead,  Beverly,  Ne  An- 
bury, and  Ipfwich.  In  this  county  are 
two  flourilliing  academies,  one  in  Byefield, 
the  other  in  Andover.  The  lace  of  the 
county  is  plecifingiy  variegated  with  hills, 
vales,  woods,  and  plains.  Tlie  land  is  gen- 
erally fruitful ;  but  is  more  favourable  to 
barley  than  moft  other  parts  of  the  ftate. 
Quarrlesofmarbleand  limeftone  are  found 
Inthis  county  ;  and  the  feacoaft  isindented 
with  a  number  of  good  harbours.  Merri- 
mack R.  interfects  the  N  part  of  ElTex  co. 
between  it  and  the  K.  Hampfliire  line  is 
a  ftrip  of  land  3  miles  wide,  divided  into 
the  towns  of  Methuen,  Haverhill,  Almf- 
bury  and  Salifbury  ;  containing  1429  in- 
habitants. 

Epx  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded  on 
the  E  by  the  county  of  Suftblk,  on  the  S 
by  lake  Erie,  on  the  W  by  the  river 
D'Etroit  to  Maifonville's  mill,  from  thence 
by  a  line  running  parallel  to  the  river 
D'Etroit  and  lake  St.  Clair,  at  the  diftance 
of  4  miles,  until  it  meets  the  river  Thames, 
and  thence  up  the  faid  river,  to  the  north- 
weft  boundary  of  the  county  of  Suflblk. 
It  lends  one  reprefentative  to  the  provin- 
cial parliament. 

Efdx  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bounded  E  and 
N  E  by  Rappahannock  R.  which  divide* 
it  from  Richmond  co.  It  is  about  55  mile* 
long  and  12  broad,  and  contains  3741  free 
inhabitants,  and  5767  flaves. 

Epx  Co.  hi  N.  Jerfey,  is  in  the  partem 
part  of  the  ftate,  and  divided  frpm  Staten 
Ifland  by  Newark  bay.  It  ^ia' about  1^ 
miles  in'length  and  16  in  b*Uadth,  and  has 

three 


EtrS 


EVE 


rtiree  townfliips,  viz.  Newark,  Elizabeth- 
town  and  Acquackanack,  which  contain 
22,269  inhabitants,  of  whom  1521  are 
flaves.  The  foil  is  very  fertile,  and  its 
fruits  and  other  produdtions  meet  with  a 
quick  fale  in  N.  York  city.  EiTex  co.  has 
within  it  7  Preibyterian  churches,  3  for 
Epifcopalians,  i  for  Anabaptifts,  and  'j,  for 
Dutch  Calvinifts. 

Effex,  a  county  of  N.  York,  having 
Clinton  co.  N,  Wafliington  co.  S,  and  Lake 
Camplain, which  divides  itfrom  Vermont, 
E. 

EJfex  Co  in  Vermont,  bounded  N  by 
Canada,  and  E  by  ConnedHcut  river,  con- 
taining 1429  inhabitants. 

£JpXy  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden  co.  Ver- 
ttiont,  contains  7 29 inhabitants.  It  lies  be- 
tween Jericho  on  the  S  E,  and  ColcheXlei' 
on  the  N  W. 

EJia.pa,  or  Ejiape,  a  tovvn  belonging  to 
the  province  of  Tabafco,  and  audience  of  jj 
Mexico.     It  is  mentioned  by  Dampier  as  |j 
fituated  on  Tabafco  R.  4  leagues  beyond  jj 
Villa  dft  Mofe.     It  is  faid  to  be  a  place  of  jj 
confiderable  trade  ;  and  fo  ftrong,  that  it 
repulfed  capt.  Hewet,  when  he  attacked 
it  with  200  defperate  buccaneers. 

EJlapn,  a  firong  tov;^n  in  New  Spain,  in- 
habited by  Spaniards  and  native  Ameri- 
cans ;  lituated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Tlaluc.     N  lat.  1 7  .■^o,  W  Ion.  103  5. 

Ejlher  Tottm,  in  Lancafter  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania,  iituated  on  the  E  bank  of  Sufqehan- 
Xia  R.  a  little  N  of  Harrifburg. 

Etechjminesy  Indian  nations  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Nova  Scotia.  See  Muledtes  and. 
Scoodick. 

Etohrioke  Tcivtijhip,  in  the  eafl  riding  of 
the  county  of  York,  in  U.  Canada,  lies  to 
the  weftward  of  the  townfhipof  York,and 
has  been  felecled  for  the  fcttlcment  of  the 
corps  of  Queen's  Rangers  after  they  fliall 
be  difcharged. 

Eiiphafm^  the  ancient  name  of  HiwafTee 
R.  in  TenefTee  ;  alfo  the  name  of  an  In- 
dian town  on  its  S  W  bank,  28  miles  from 
Its  mouth.     See  Hhvajfee. 

Eiijlace,  or  Eujlacia,  called  alfo  Mctanzas, 
or  Slaughter,  from  a  butchery  made  en 
it  by  the  Spaniards.  It  is  an  inconflderable 
ifland,  about  20  miles  in  circuit.  It  forms, 
with  a  long  poiyt  of  land,  the  entrance  to 
the  harbour  of  St.  Auguftine,inE.  Florida. 

Euftatla  Toxun,  in  the  iiland  of  Euftatia 
or  Euftatius,  in  the  Caribbean  fea  in  the 
W.  Indies      N  lat.  1 7  29,  W  Ion.  63  5. 

Eufathis  St.  or  Eiijl  aft  a,  \s  the  chief  ifl-  j 
and  belonging  to  the  Dutch  in  the  W.  In-  | 
dies,  fitiwtedia  the  Caribbeaa  fea,  11x17   j 


29  N  lat.  and  in  63  10  W  Ion.  ^d  3 
leagues  N  W  of  St.  Chriftophers.  It  is  on- 
ly a  mountain,  about  29  miles  in  compafs, 
rifing  out  of  the  fea,  like  a  pyramid,  and 
almoll  round  ;  but  though  fo  fmall  and  inr 
conveniently  laid  out  by  nature,  the  induf- 
try  of  the  Dutch  has  turned  it  to  fo  good 
account,  that  it  is  faid  to  contain  5OCO 
whites,  and  15,000  negroes.  The  fides  of 
the  mountains  are  laid  out  in  very  pretty 
fettlements;  but  they  have  neither  fprings 
nor  rivers.  The  produce  is  chiefly  fugar 
and  tobacco.  This  ifland,  as  well  as  Cur- 
aflbu,  is  engaged  in  theSpanifh  contrabard"^ 
trade,  for  which,  however,  it  is  not  fo  well 
fituated  ;  and  it  has  drawn  the  fame  ad- 
vantage from  its  conftant  neutrality.  But 
in  the  laft  war  between  Great  Britain  and 
Holland,  admiral  Rodney,  having  been 
fent  to  reduce  it  with  a  confiderable  land 
and  fea  force,  obliged  it  to  furrcnder  at  dif- 
cretion,  on  the  3d  of  February,  1781.  Tlie 
prix^ate  property  of  the  inhabitants  was 
confifcated,  vath  a  degree  of  rigor  vcr)'- 
uncommon  among  civiUzed  nations,  and* 
Very  inccnfifterit  with  the  humanity  and 
generofity  by  which  the  Eritiflx  nation 
ufed  to  be  charatSteriised.  The  reafon 
affigned  was,  that  the  inhabitants  of  St. 
Euftatius  had  affifted  France  and  the  Unit- 
ed States  with  naval  and  other  ftores. 
The  Britifli  merchants,  as  v/ell  as  thofe 
of  France  and  America,  fufi'ered  iimnenfe 
lofs  by  effects  depofited  in  this  ifland.  On 
the  27th  of  November,  the  fame  year,  it- 
was  retaken  by  the  French,  under  the 
command  of  the  marquis  de  Bouille,  who 
had  an  inconflderable  force.  The  Dutch 
firft  took  poflefTion  of  this  ifland  in  the 
year   1635. 

^ij^^j^/^.'z;^!',  the  capital  of  Wythe  co.  ia 
Virginia,  is  fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  Reedy- 
creek,  which  falls  into  the  Great  Kanha- 
wav,  Woods  rr  New  river.  It  contains  a 
court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about  25  houfes  ;: 
40  miles  W  by  S  of  Chriftianlburg,  242  in 
a  hke  dire(Slion  from  Richmond,  and  518 
S  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Evuret's  J5;7i^^,  Nanfemond  co.  Virginia- 
Here  isa  poft  office,  266  miles  from  Vv'^afll-- 
ington. 

Evefham,  a  townfliip  in  Burlington  cCr 
N.  Jerfey,  fituated  between  the  forks  of 
Moore's  creek,  which  runs  N  wefterly  to 
Delaware  P..  It  is  7  miles  eaflerly  of 
Haddonfield,  16  E  of  Philadelphia,  and  25 
S  of  Burlington.  Here  is  an  Indian  fettle- 
ment,  called  Edge  Pittick,  a  tracl  of  land 
referved  by  the  ancient  natives.  They 
have  fame  hundreds  of  acres  of  improved 

laudsj 


EXE 


FAI 


lands,  about  30  houfes,  and  a  meeting 
houfe.  They  formerly  had  a  minifter  of 
their  own  order,  Avho  ibtedly  olliciatedin 
the  Indian  language. 

Exeter,  a  poft  town  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampiliirc,  and,  next  to  Portfmouth, 
the  mofl  confiderable  feaport  tov/n  in  the 
fiate.  It  is  lituated  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion on  Swamfcot,  or  Exeter  R.  a  branch 
of  the  Pifcataqua,  15  miles  S  W  of  Portf- 
mouth, and  a  like  diftance  N  W  of  New- 
buryport,  iu  Ellcx  co.  Maflachufetts.  The 
tide  lifes  here  11  feet.  It  is  well  fituated 
for  a  manufadluring  town,  and  has  already 
a  duck  manufactory  in  its  infancy,  6  fav/ 
mills,  a  fuUing  mill,  flitting  mill,  paper 
mill,  fnuffmill,  z  chocolate  and  to  grift 
mills,  iron  works,  and  a  printing  offices. 
The  faddlery  bufinefs  is  carried  on  here 
to  greater  extent,  than  in  any  town  on 
this  fide  Philadelphia.  Before  the  rev- 
olution, fliip  building  was  a  profitable 
■bufinefs  ;  and  the  veiTels  were  employed 
in  the  W.  India  trade.  Notwithftanding 
the  lofs  of  this  market,  there  are  4  or  5 
veffelo  of  different  burden,  built  here  an- 
nually ;  the  river  being  capable  of  floating 
down  thofe  of  500  tons.  An  equal  num- 
ber is  alfo  em.ployed  in  the  foreign  trade, 
chieily  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  lituation 
of  this  place  bids  fair  for  extenfive  popu- 
lation. The  public  .edifices  are  2  congre- 
gational churches,  an  elegant  building  ap- 
propriated for  the  academy,  a  handfome 
and  capacious  court  houfe,  and  a  gaol. 
'I'he  public  offices  of  the  ftate  are  k^pt 
here  at  prefent.  Befide  the  celebrated 
Exeter  academy,  there  are  here  an  Englifli 
fchool,  and  6  or  8  private  fchools,  chiefly 
for  females.  It  contains  172.7  inhabitants. 
This  townfliip  is  of  Irregular  figure,  and 
about  4  mileis  fquare.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1638  ;  prior  to  which,  it  had  the  name 
.of  Swamfcot  Falls,  from  the  falls  of  the 
river,  which  feparate  the  frefli  from  the 
tide  water  ;  where  the  body  of  the  town 
is  fituated  ;  chiefly  on  the  weftern  fide  of 
the  river.  The  number  of  inhabitants  in 
1775,  was  1741  ;  and  in  1790,  1722.  It 
lies  jO  miles  N  of  Bofton,  and  402  N  E  of 
Philadelphia.  N  lat.  4a  59,  W  Ion.  71. 
*'  Phillips  Exeter  Academy"  was  founded 
and  endowed  by  the  hon.  John  Phillips, 
L.Ii.D.  of  Exeter,  and  incorporated  by  a<rb 
of  AlTembly  in  1 7  8 1 .  It  is  a  very  refpedt- 
able  and  ufeful  inftitution,  under  the  in- 
fpetftion  of  a  board  of  trnftees,  and  the  im- 
mediate government  and  inftru(flion  of  a 
preceptor  and  an  afhftant.  It  has  a  fund 
of  ;C'i5>coo»  a  part  of_which  is  in  lands  not 


yet  productive.  The  prefent  annual  iji« 
come  is  ^.480.  It  has  commonly  betwef>n 
60  and  80  ftudents.  In  1794,  a  building 
was  eredled,  76  by  2>(>  feet,  2  fiories  high  ; 
v/hicii,  in  point  of  convenience,  and  per- 
haps elegance,  is  exceedea  by  few  build- 
ings of  the  kind  in  the  United  States. 

Exsier,  the  N  weflernmoft  towniliip  in 
Wafliington  co.  Rhode  Ifland  ftate,  has 
North  Kingflon  on  the  E,  and  Voluntov/n, 
in  Connecticut,  on  the  W.  The  feveral 
branches  uf  Wood  R.  unite  here,  and  take 
a  S  courfe  between  Hopkinton  and  Rich- 
mond. It  contains  2476  ii^habitants,  of 
whom  14  are  flaves. 

Exeter,  a  townfliip  in  Luzern  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  has  737  inhabitants. 

Exeter,  a  town  in  New  Hanover  co.  in 
Wilmington  diftrid:,  N.  Carolina  ;  fituated 
on  the  N  E  branch  of  Cape  Fear,  about 
36  miles  N  from  Wihnington,  and  22  from 
■the  New  river. 

Exitma  JJle,  one  of  the  Bahama  ifles,  fit- 
fcatedon  theE  of  the  Great  Bank,  betv/een 
Stocking  ifles  on  the  S  W,  and  Long  Ifle 
on  the  E.  It  is  now  uninhabited,  except- 
ing two  families,  yet  is  one  of  the  beft  of 
■the  Bahamas,  not  only  for  its  fertility, 
but  for  the  excellence  of  its  anclioring 
ground,  in  the  found  to  which  it  gives 
name  ;  where  all  the  Britifh  navy  could 
ride  in  fafety.  Nlat.  24  30,  W  Ion.  74  30. 

Exuma  Sound,  lies  E  of  the  Great  Baha- 
ma Bank,  between  it  and  the  ifle  of  Qua- 
nahani.     N  lat.  24,  W  Ion.  75. 


Ju  AEIANE,  a  river  in  Louirianajwlnck 
runs  S  eaftward  into  the  Miflifippi,  in  N 
lat.  39  30 ;  16  miles  above  Jaftioni  R.  and 
50  below  the  Iowa  town  and  rapids. 

Fab'ius,  one  of  the  military  townfliips  in 
Onondago  co.  N.  York.  Here  is  a  poft 
office,  477  miles  from  Wafliington.  It  has 
844  inhabitants. 

Fairfax  To.in  Virginia,  is  about  25  miles 
long,  and  1 8  broad  ;  on  the  W  bank  of 
Potowmack  river.  It  contains  7239  free 
inhabitants,  and  6078  flaves.  Cliief  town 
Alexandria.  At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft 
office,  14  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Fairfax,  a  poft  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  E  of  Georgia,  and  on  the  bank 
of  La  Moille  R.  and  contains  786  inhabit- 
ants ;  and  is  about  9  miles  from  lake 
Champlain. 

Fairfield,  a  townfliip  in  Kennebeck  00. 
Maine,  on  the  S  Ebaak  of  Kennebeck  R. 

Sof 


FAI 


FAL 


S  of  Canaan,  and  oppofite  Hancock ;  a- 
bout  1 7  miles  from  Pittflown,  and  7  from 
Fort  Halifax.  It  contains  852  inhabitants, 
and  is  225  miles  N  E  of  Bofton. 

Fairfield,  a  new  towniliip  in  Ilerker.er 
CO.  N.  York.     It  has  2065  inhabitants. 

Fairfield,  a  port  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  E  of  St.  Albans  ;  and  contains 
911  inhabitants.  It  is  13  miles  S  of  the 
Canada  line,  and  as  far  from  the  nearell 
part  of  lake  Champlain. 

Fairfield,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.York,  containing 591  inhabitants. 

Fairfield,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland  co. 
N.  Jerl'ey,  on  Colianzy  creek,  and  at  the 
head  of  Black  creek  ;  25  miles  E  by  S  of 
Salem,  in  Salem  co. 

Fairfield,  a  CO.  of  the  State  of  Ohio. 

Fairfield  Co.  in  Conne6licut,is  the  S  weft- 
ernmofl:  in  the  Hate  ;  bounded  W  by  the 


I  CO.   Pennfylvania,  has  1363    inhabitants. 

j       Fairfield,  a  diftridt    of  S.    Carolina,  be- 

[  tween  Wateree  R.  which  divides  it  from 
Lancafler  co.  and  Broad  R.  which  fepa- 

I  rates  it  from  Newbury  and  Union difiri els. 

I  Its  chiel  town  is  Winnfborough. 

j        Fairha'ven,  in   Brlftul  CO.  MaiTachufetts, 

j  lies  on  the  N  W  lide  of  Buzzard's  bay, 
and  on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Accullinet  river, 
oppofite  to  Bedford ;  which  fee. 

Fairhii'ven,  a  confiderable  poft  town  iii 
Rutland  co.    Vermont,  N  W  of  Poultney. 

j  It  contains  411  inhabitants,  and  is  j  i  miiesi 

I  N  of  Bennington. 

Fair  lee,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver^ 
mont,  on  the  W  bank  of  Connecticut  R. 
16  miles  N  of  Dartmouth  College.  The 
townfliip  is  hilly,  but  of  a  good  foil,  and 
has   feveral  glades  of  excellent  land.     In 

I   1796  this  townfliip  was  divided  into  two. 


(tate  of  N.  York,  E  by  N.  Haven  co.  N  by  ij  the  eaflernmoft  half  called  E.  Fairlee,  the 
Litchfield,  and  S  by  Long  I.  found.  Its. 
fliapc  is  very  irregular  It  is  divided  into 
13  townfliips,  of  which  Fairfield  and  Dan- 
bury  are  the  chief  ;  and  contains  38,:.o8 
inhabitants,  including  276  flavcs.  It  is 
ieparated  from  New  Haven  co.  and  part 
of  Litchfield  co.  by  Stratford  R.  The 
other  paits  of  the  county  are  v/atered  by 
fmall  ftreams,  as  Saugatuck,  Safco,  Pega- 
jiook.  Five  Mile,  Rodens,  Mill,  and  May- 
amus  rivers.  Several  harbours,  and  a 
number  of  fmall  iiles  lie  along  the  found, in 
the  towns  of  Greenwich,  Stamford,  Nor- 
walk,  Fairfield,  and  Stratford-  The  face  of 

the  county  is  rough,  but  the  foil  is  good .  '  two  iflands  he  named  Haivkins  Maidenhmd, 
Fairjlcld,  the  Ur.quo-uia  of  the  Indians,  ii  in  honor  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  The  foil 
a  poft  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Connec-  i|  of  thefe  iflands  is  bad,  and  the  fliores  are 
ticut,  and  capital  of  the  above  county,  is  j:  beaten  by  perpetual  ftorms.  A  Britifli 
pleafantly  fituated  on    Mill  Run,  a  little  I    fettlement  was  made  here,  of  which  tliey 


other  W.  Fairlee;  the  former  of  which  con- 
tains 435  inhabitants,  and  the  latter  371. 

Fair  Weather,  Cape,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of 
N.  America,in  lat.  58  36  N,lon.  140  31  W. 

Fair  Weather,  Cape,  on  the  E  COaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  lies  northerly 
from  Cape  Virgin  Mary.  S  iat.  j  i  45)  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich  68  10. 

Falkland  If  es,  lie  at  no  great  diftance 
from  the  ftralts  of  Magellan,  at  the  utmcft 
extremity  of  S.  America  ;  between  50 
and  56  W  Ion.  and  51  and  53  S  lat. 
Thefe  iflands  Avere  difcovercdby  Sir  Rich- 
ard Hawkins,  in  1594  ;  the  chief  of  the 


above  its  entrance  into  Long  I.  found,  22 
miles  S  W  by  W  of  New  Flaven,  and  64 
from  N.  York.  It  contains  about  200 
houfes  and  3735  inhabitants,  a  neat  Con- 
gregational church,  and  a  court  houfe. 
About  4  miles  N  W  of  the  center  of  the 
town,  and  in  the  townfliip  is  the  beau- 
tiff**  parilh  of  Greenwich, in  which  is  a 
flourifliing  academy.  A  high  eminence 
in  the  centre  of  the  parifli  comnxjinds  a 
delightful  profpeft.  Fairfield  was  fettled 
from  "Vy.eathersfield  in  1639,  ^i"*^  '"  I73^'» 
contained  400  families.  It  was  burnt  by 
s»  parly  of  tories  and  Britifli,  under  the 
command  of  gov.  Try  on,  in  1777  ;  the 
lofs  fuftained,  amounted  to  upwards  of 
iC-4CiiCoo.  Fairfield  carries  on  a  confid- 
erable trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  year  ending  Sept.  3Cth,  1794, 
amounted  to  77,425  dollars. 
^uirfdd,  a  townfliip   iu  Weftmoreland 


were    difpoflefled   by    the   Spaniards,    n\ 
1770,  foon  after   it  had  been  eftabhflied. 


Tht 


>pa 


niards  now   fend   criminals    to. 


thefe  inhofpitable  fliores  from  their  fettle- 
ments  in  America. 

Fall  R.  is  an  inconfiderable  ftrearn,  rlf- 
ing  in  Watuper  Pond,  in  Rhode  Ifland, 
and  after  a  iliort  N  W  courfe,  empties  in- 
to Taunton  R. 

Fall  rhver,  a  town  in  Briftol  co.  MafTa- 
chufetts,late  the  foutherly  part  of  Freetown, 
incorporated  1803,  50  miles  S  of  Bofton. 

/■^//j,  a  townfliip  in  Bucks  co.  Pennfylr 
yania,  has  1680  inhabitants. 

Fallen  City,  or  Old  fervfalem,  a  range  of 
rocks  among  the  Virgin  ifles,  in  the  W  In- 
dies, S  W  of  Virgin  Gorda,  N  lat.  18  10, 
W  Ion.  6253. 

Falling  Spring,  a  branch  of  James  R.  ia 
I  Virginia,  v/here  it  is  called  Jackfon's  K. 
I  riling  in  the  mountain,  --.o  miles  S   W  of 

;hc 


TAM 


FAR 


the  Warm  Spring.  The  water  falls  orer 
the  rock  200  feet,  which  is  about  s<^  feet 
higher  than  the  fall  of  Niagara.  Between 
the  flieet  of  water  and  the  rock  below,  a 
;iian  may  walk  acrols  dry. 

Falmouth^  a  townlliip,  formerly  includ- 
ing Portland,  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine, 
.containing  342a  inhabitants.  It  is  fituat- 
ed  on  Cafco  bay,  I20  miles  N  N  E  of  Eof- 
ton.     Incorporated  in  171 8. 

Falmouth,  a  townfliip  in  Hants  CO.  Nova 
Scotia  ;  fitualed  on  the  S  E  fide  of  the 
Bafin  of  Minasjoppofite  Windfor,  28  miles 
N  W  of  Halifax. 

Falmouth,  2L  maritime  pofl:  town  in  Barn- 
Gable  CO.  MalTachufetts,  fitu  <ted  on  the 
N  E  part  of  the  Vineyard  found,  on  the 
W  fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name  ;  77  miles 
S  E  by  S  of  Boflon,  18  from  Sandwich, 
and  9  from  Holmes'  Hole.  About  fixty 
veflels  are  owned  here,  averaging  SS  ^f^ris 
each,  fix  of  which  are  filliing  vellols,  the 
reft  coaflers  ;  upwards  of  30  of  them  fol- 
low the  bufinefs  of  carrying  lumber  to 
the  fouthern  flates  and  W.  India  Illands. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1686,  and  contains 
1882  inhabitants.  N  lat.  41  33,  W  Ion.  70 
■^^.     It  is  a  poll  town. 

Falffiouth,  a  pofl:  town  in  Stafford  co. 
Virginia,  lituated  on  the  N  bank  of  Rap- 
pahannock river,  nearly  oppofite  to  Fred- 
trickfl:>urg.  It  is  irregularly  built,  and 
contains  an  Epifcopalian  church  and  a- 
bout  40  compact  houfes.  It  is  23  miles 
S  W  of  Dumfries,  70  N  by  E  of  Richmond, 
and  207  S  weflcrly  of  Philadelphia. 
Conhderable  quantities  of  tobacco  are  in- 
i'pedted  here. 

Fahnoutb^  a  town  in  Lancafter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Ccnawago 
creek,  20  miles  wefterly  of  Lancafter. 

Falmouth^  z  town  and  harbour  on  the  S 
fliore  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W. 
Indies.  It  has  Englilli  harbour  on  the  E, 
and  Rendezvous  liay  on  the  W  ;  and  fitu- 
ated  in  St.  Paul's  parilli,  at  the  N  W  cor- 
ner of  the  harbour,  w^hich  is  well  fortified. 
Falmo?!fh,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  in  the 
W.  Indies,  commonly  called  the  Point,  is 
on  the  S  fide  of  Martha  Er:ie  harbour  ; 
and  including  the  adjoining  villages  of 
Martha  Brae  and  the  Rock,  has  about  220 
houfes.  Here  30  lliips  load  for  G.  Brit- 
ain, exclufive  of  Hoops  and  fmallcr  craft. 
FrJf/f  Cape  Horn,  the  S  weftern  point  of 
Terra  del  Fuego. 

Faljington,  a  village  in  Pennfylvania,  in 
Bucks  CO.  28  miles  N  E  of  Philadelphia. 

Famine  Port,  a  fortrefs  feated  on  the  N 
E  cpaft  pf  the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  in  S. 


America.     Here  a  Spanifli  gnrrifon  pfr- 
iflied  for  want ;  fince  which  time  it  has  . 
been  negleAed.    S  lat.  S5  44,  W  Ion.  70  20. 

/■«i««<'^,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, has  1036  inhabitants, 

Faquier  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  hounded  N  by 
Loudon,  and  E  by  Prince  "W'illiam.  Jt  is 
about  S5  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and 
contains  12,575  free  inhabitants,  and  8751 
(laves.  At  Faquier  court  houfe  is  a  pott 
office,  51  miles  from  Wafliingion. 

Faretvell,  Cape,  the  S  point  of  W.  Green- 
land, on  the  N  fide  of  the  entrance  of 
Davis's  firaits,  N.^  America.  N  lat.  59  37, 
W  long.  42  42. 

Fariningtoii,  3  very  flourifliing  townfliip 
of  excellent  land,  in  Kenncbeck  co.  Maine, 
on  Sandv  F.  which,  in  the  S  E  part  of  the 
town,  has  falls,  which  afford  excellent  mill 
feats.  Here  are  faw  mills,  a  carding  ma- 
chine, grift  mill,  and  fulling  mill,  already 
eredled.  There  is  a  Met  hod  i  ft  place  of 
worfliip  ;  25  rniles  N  W  of  Haliowell,  t,s 
fame  courfe  from  Augufta,  and  204  N  N 
E  of  Bofton.  Number  of  inhabitants,  942. 
A  very  few  years  fince  this  townfliip  wa» 
a  wildernefs.     It  has  a  poft  office. 

Farmington,  a  large,  ploafant,  and  wealthy 
poft  town  in  Hartford  co.  Connedticut,  10 
miles  S  W  of  Hartford  city,  32  N  E  of  N. 
Haven,  and  22  E  of  Litchfield.  Farming- 
ton  river,  a  water  of  Conneclitut,  mean- 
ders delightfully  through  charming  inter- 
vals, which  beautify  and  enrich  this  tov'n. 
The  houfes,  in  the  compact  part  of  this 
town,  ftand  chiefly  on  a  ftrect  which  run* 
N  and  S  along  the  gentle  decfivity  of  a 
hill,  which  afcends  Fl  of  the  intervals ; 
about  the  centre  of  the  ftreet  ftands  a  large 
and  handfome  Congregational  church. 
This  town  was  fettled  as  early  as  1645, and 
its  limits  then  vi'ere  very  extenfive.  Sev- 
eral towns  have  been  fince  taken  from  it. 
If  has  2809  inhabitants. 

Farmiiigton,  a  river  of  Conneifticut,wliIch 
rifes  in  Mafilichufetts,  and  runs  S  cafterly 
tlirough  Hartland,  Bark  Hampftead,  and 
New  Hartford.  In  the  borders  of  Hart- 
ford co.it  receives  aweftern  branch, which 
rifes  from  feveral  ponds  in  Colcbrook, 
continuing  this  courfe  to  Farmington, 
where  meeting  mountains,  it  turns  north- 
erly to  fearch  a  palTage  to  the  Connedli- 
cut.  After  running  15  miles,  it  meets 
Salmon  river,  when  united  they  rufli 
through  the  mountain,  and  down  a  catar- 
act of  150  feet,  after  which  it  is  called 
Windfor  river,  and  in  a  S  E  courfe  mingle* 
with  Connecticut  river,  4  miles  above 
Hartford. 

FarftiviKe^ 


FAY 


FEB 


'^/trptv'lle,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  in  Prince 
JEdward  co.  Virginia,  lltuated  on  Appo- 
laatox  R.  8  miles  N  of  tlie  court  hoiife,  7  a 
•S  W  of  Richmond,  and  210  from  WaOi- 
ington.  The  river  is  boat.ibic  frora  this 
Xo  Peierfburgh. 

Farnham,  a  poft  town  in  Richoiond  co. 
"Virginia.  Here  is  a  pail  ofiice  159  miles 
from  Washington. 

Fa-j^itrjUe  Lake.,  in  N  ijt.  rz  48,  W  Ion. 
93  10,  i.s  the  fource  of  two  large  ri  >-ers,  at 
the  mouth  of  one  of  which,  emptying  into 
Winnipeg  lake,  flan ds  the'Canadian  houfe. 
^f  he  other  is  the  S  W  branch  of  Severn 
rjlver. 

Fuivn^  a  towndiip  in  Yor^  co.  Pennfyl- 
arania,  on  the  W  bank  of  Sun^vehanna  R. 
on  the  Maryland  line,  has  1 2 14  inhabit- 
ants. 

Fayette^  a  fettlement  in  Tianra»co.  N-  York, 
1»etween  the  Unadiila  and  the  main  branch 
of  the  Chenengo.  It  is  laid  out  into  100 
lots  of  a  fquare  mile  each,  as  nearly  aa  the 
ground  will  permit. 

■  Fayette  Co.  in  Pennfylvania,  is  bounded 
N  by  Wcftmoreland,  S  by  part  of  Mary- 
land and  Virginia,  and  W  by  Monongahcia 
R.  It  is  39  miles  in  length,  and  29  in 
breadth,  and  contains  473,280  acres  ;  di- 
vided into  17  tov.-nfliips,  of  which  Union 
is  the  chief.  The  number  of  inliabitants 
is  20,159. 

Fayette,  a  difb-icH:  of  N.Carolina,  compre- 
hending 6  counties,  viz.  Moore,  Cumberr 
Jand,  Sampfon,  Riclimond,  Robcfon,  and 
Anfon.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Iliilihorough, 
S  E  by  Wilmington  and  Newbcrn,  W  by 
Salifbury,  and  S  by  the  ftatc  of  S.  Carolina. 
It  is  120  miles  in  length,  and  50  in  breadth, 
and  contains  41,358  inhabitants,  of  whom 
?2o6  are  Haves.  The  furface  is  varied 
with  hills  and  dales,  and  is  In  general  well 
watered. 

Fayette^  a  county  of  Kentucky,  24  miles 
long,  20  broad,  bounded  N  by  Scott  coun- 
ty, N  E  by  Bourbon,  E  by  Clark,  S  by 
Madifon  and  Jeflamine,  and  W  by  Wood- 
ford. It  lies  on  a  height  of  land,  the 
flreams  running  from  it  in  every  direc- 
tion ;  the  foil  is  excellent.  It  contains 
12,233  inhabitants, of  whom  3786  are  in 
Slavery.     Chief  town,  Lexington. 

FayettcvUlcy  fo  called  in  honor  of  the 
"Marquis  La  Fayette  ;  a  flourilhing  poft 
town  of  N.  Carolina,  the  feat  of  juftice  for 
the  above  diftritSt,  and  pleafantly  fituated 
in  Cumberland  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
N  W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  R.  nearly  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  and  lOO  miles 
jabove  Wilmington,  and  61  foutherly  of 


Raleigh.  On  the  bank  of  the  river,  ftanlf 
a  few  buildings  and  the  tobacco  ware- 
houfes,  which  have  received  in  one  feafon 
6000  hhds.  of  tobacco,  equal  in  quality  to 
that  of  PeterfL)urg.  The  conipadl  part  of 
the  town  is  lltuated  about  a  n\ile  from  the 
river,  near  the  jundVion  of  Blount's  and 
Crofs  creek;  on  which  laft  it  is  chiefly 
erected,  and  from  that  circumftance  was 
formerly  named  Crofs  Creek.  On  both 
fides  the  creek  are  about  400  houfes,  7, 
handi'ome  edifices  for  the  fupreme,  dif- 
triA,  and  county  courts,  and  the  meeting* 
of  the  town  officers  and  its  citizens.  The 
Free  Maion's  lodge  is  alfo  a  large  and 
handfome  building.  The  toMm  is  regu- 
ularl)'^  laid  cut,  and  its  principal  flreels  are 
100  feet  wide.  Here  are  3  mills,  2  con- 
llderable  diftilleries  and  breweries,  and 
feveral  extenfive  tany^irds.  The  trade  to 
Wilmington  is  very  confiderable,  to  which 
it  fends  down  tobacco,  wheat,  flour,  beef, 
pork,  flaxfeed,  hemp,  cotton,  butter,  lum- 
ber, ftavesi  naval  (lores,  &c.  The  boat* 
ufed  in  tranfporting  thefe  articles  to  Wil- 
mington, contain  about  120  barrels,  an4 
make  their  returns  of  European  and  India 
goods,  &c.  in  from  10  to  20  days.  The 
fituation  of  the  town  is  agreeable  and 
healthy,  and  well  adapted  for  eflablifliing 
maiutfaftorics.  The  country  immediate- 
ly round  the  town  is  confiderably  elevat- 
ed, and  the  foil  dry  and  barren  ;  but  near 
tlie  v/ater  courfes,  which  are  numerous, 
the  foil  is  as  rich  as  any  in  the  ftate.  Since 
the  fire  in  1792,  which  deflroyed  many 
houfes,  the  people  begin  to  build  with 
brick,  which  are  made  here  of  a  good 
quality,  and  fold  reafonably.  The  town 
ftands  in  a  fettlement  of  Scotch  Highland- 
ers, and  is  SS  miles  N  W  of  Camden  in  S. 
Carolina,  ico  S  W  of  Tarborouc;h,  147  5 
Why  S  of  Ha}ifax,379  S  by  W  of  Waking- 
ton  city,and  526  S  W  byS  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  pofl  office,  and  1656  inhabitants. 

Fayette,  3.  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  Maine, 
bounded  wefterly  by  Livermore,  eafterly 
by  Mount  Vernon,  Wayne,  and  a  large 
pond  called  Great  Amereikoggen  poncL 
It  has  532  inhabitants. 

Fuyjlown,  a.  toAvnfliip  in  Chittenden  cq. 
Vermont,  has  18  inlrabitants. 

Fear  Point,  Cape,  ^t  the  mouth  of  Cape 
Fear  R.  in  N.  Carolina,  4  miles  S  S  E  of 
the  light  houfe  on  Bald  Head. 

Federal  City.      See  JVaJhington  City. 

Federal/burg,  a  village  in  Maryland,  on 
the  E  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay,  fituated  on 
Marfliy  Hope  creek,  partly  in  13orchefi:er 
and  partly  in  Caroline  co.  5  miles  E  N  ^ 


rEK 


FIS 


•f  Hunting  Creek  town,  and  about  20  N 
E  of  Cambridge. 

Ft'  d^ Aidiochia,  S^nfa,  the  mofl:  nortliern 
town  of  Popayau,  a  diHrid:  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma.  It  is  fituated  200  miles  N  of  Popayan 
city,  near  the  confines  of  the  province  of 
Carthagena,  on  the  banks  of  St.  Martha 
R.  and  near  180  miles  S  of  its  conflux  with 
the  Magdalena.  Thither  the  inhabitants 
lemoved  from  Antiochia,  15  leagues  from 
it,  now  an  inconfiderable  place,  whereas 
Santa  Fe  d'Antioohia  is  a  couliderable  place 
and  capital  of  the  audience  of  Santa  Fe. 

Fe  di  Bmgota,  Sani/i,  the  capital  of  NeW 
Grenada,  S.  America,  fituated  on  the 
banks  of  the  little  river  Pati,  a  water  of 
the  Magdalena  ;  is  r8o  miles  E  of  the  bot- 
tom of  Bonaventura  bay.  it  is  an  arch- 
feiiliop's  fee,  and  the  feat  of  an  univerfity 
founded  by  king  Philip  III.  In  1 6  ta  Near 
this  city  are  gold  niines.  The  air  is  tem- 
perate and  healthful,  and  provilions  plen- 
ty     S  lat.  4  10,  W  Ion.  74  5. 

iv,  or  Foy,  Santa,  a  place  in  the  middle 
*f  Veragua,  a  province  in  the  audience  of 
Giiatimala,  in  N.  America,  where  the  king 
of  Spain  keeps  officers  for  carting  and  re- 
iSning  gold.  It  Hands  at  the  fource  of  a 
yiver  which  runs  into  the  North  Sea, 

Fe,  Santa,  the  capital  of  New  Mexico. 
It  is  fituated  near  the  fource  of  Rio  del 
Nort,  130  leagues  from  its  mouth,  in  the 
gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  faid  to  be  a  rich 
aind  regularly  built  city,  and  a  billiop's 
fee.  Baudrand  makes  it  9  leagues  from 
the  river.  It  is  alfo  called  Santa  Fe  de 
Grenada  ;  by  others  New  Mexico.  N  lat. 
36,  Wlon.  104. 

Fe,  Santa,  a  city  of  Paraguay,  S.  America, 
t50  leagues  S  by  W  of  the  city  of  Aflump- 
tion.  The  Inhabitants  are  chiefly  em- 
ployed in  hufbandry,  grazing,  and  weav- 
ing cloth.  They  fell  their  productions 
and  manufactures  to  good  profit  in  Brazil. 
From  hence  is  a  road  to  Potofi  in  Peru, 
and  to  Corbuda  In  Tucumana ;  which 
being  eafy  and  convenient,  is  very  advan- 
tageous to  this  place.  The  diftance  not 
being  above  350  leagues.  It  Hands  on  the 
W  lide  of  Paraguay  R.  S  lat.  30  45,  W 
Ion.  60  40. 

Felipe,  T  Sa!7f  J^ago,  a  large  bay  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  illand  of  Efpiritu  Santo.  See 
'Tierra  Aujlral  del  Efpiritu  Santo. 

Felix,  St.  an  ifiand  in  the  Pacific  ocean, 
3^  N  W  of  Juan  Fernandes,  and  due  W  of 
Coplapo,  in  S.  America.  S  lat.  26,  W  Ion. 
itom  Paris  83. 

FcWs  Point.      See  Baltimore. 

S^ify  Ftini  an,  on  the  W  coaft  of  lake 


Champlain,  lies  In  Clinton  co.  ncarfy  f 
miles  S  of  the  divifion  line  between  N. 
York  and  L.  Canada,  and  25  miles  S  of 
St.  John's,  The  Britiili  occupied  a  bar- 
rack here,  furniCied  with  one  field  piece, 
a  few  men,  and  a  fubaltern  officer.  It  ha» 
been  given  up  according  to  treaty. 

Ferdinand  Naronha,  an  illand  on  the  coaff 
of  Brazil,  S.  America,  in  S  lat.  3  56,  W 
Ion.  },%  :tZ. 

Fdrmara^h,  a  townfliip  in  Miffiin  cc%, 
Pennfylvania.     It  has  1505  Iiihabltanta. 

Ferrijli'-rgh,  a  townfhlp  in  Addifon  cow 
Vermont,  on  lake  Champlain,  It  con-' 
tains  956  inhabitants.  Otter  creek,  Little 
Otter  and  Lev/Is's  creeks  fail  into  the  lake 
here, 

Fidlers  Flhtv,  a  bend  of  Wood  creelc, 
between  the  outlet  of  South  bay  and  the 
mouth  of  the  creek,  at  tlie  northern  end 
of  lake  Champlain,  oppofite  the  mouth  of 
Eait  bay.  The  mouth  of  Wood  creek  lies' 
in  N  lat,  43  32,  v7  Ion,  73  15  12,- 

F/g/:!ing  Ijhnd,  called  by  the  French 
Grofe  IJha.ix  DinJes,  lies  about  4  miles  be- 
low Detroit  ;  it  is  valuable  for  pafture,  but 
has  very  little  wood ;  the  Indians  In  the 
fummer  make  It  a  place  of  encampment, 
and  fome  of  them  plant  a  little  corn : 
there  is  no  other  improvement  on  it.  On 
the  uppermoft  end  of  the  ifland  are  vefl- 
iges  of  entrenchments,  from  behind  the' 
bread-  works  of  which,  the  Indians  annoy- 
ed the  Britiili  fhipping,  as  they  paiied^. 
fliortly  after  the  reduction  of  Detroit. 

SmytJj. 

Figtree  Bay,  lies  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the 
Ifland  of  St,  Chrillopher's,  In  the  V/,  In- 
dies, at  the  head  of  v/hich  (lands  Sandy 
Fort  town.  The  bay  Is  fecured  by  a  fort 
on  each  fide, 

Fincajile,  a  pofl:  town  In  Virginia,  andL 
capital  of  Boutetourt  co.  fituated  on  the 
E  fide  of  Catabaw  creek,  a  fmall  fireanj.. 
which  falls  Into  James  R.  on  the  W  fide 
of  the  North  Mountain.  Here  are  about 
50  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  It  con- 
tains 426  free  inhabitants,  and  276  blacks, 
and  lies  on  the  pofl:  road  from  Richmond 
to  Kentucky,  36  miles  eafterly  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  19 :  W  by  N  of  Richmond, 

Finch  Toiunjhip,  In  the  county  of  Stor^. 
mont.  In  U,  Canada,  lies  In  the  rear,  an^ 
to  the  W  of  Ofnabruck, 

Findley,  a  townfiiip  in  Wafliington  cjt. 
Pennfylvania,  has  869  inhabitants. 

Fireplace,  Suffialk  CO,  N,  York.  Here  I« 
a  pofl:  office,  295  miles  from  Wafliington, 

Fifiersfield,  a  towniliip  in  Hillfborougk 

CO.  K.  Hampfhire,  Incorporated  In  1763, 

coatai^in^ 


i-if 


LA 


i^ontainlng 526 inhabltaiits.  Sunapee pond 
lies  partly  here,  and  in  tlie  townlliip  of 
Wend  el.  It  is  about  16  miles  eafteriy  of 
Charkftown. 

Fr/h'-rs  JJland  in  Long  Ifland  found,  lies 
oppofite  to  Groton  in  Conneclicut,  is 
about  10  miles  in  length  and  2  in  breadth, 
having  a  good  foil,  favourable  for  railing 
fheep.  U  produces  alfo  vVheat  and  other 
grain.  It  is  annexed  to  the  townraip  of 
iSouthhold,  in  Sufl'olk  co.  6a  LfOng  Ifland. 

Ftping  Bay,  in  M  uyiand,  lies  on  the  E 
fide  of  Cht-fapeak  bay,  partly  in  Dorchef- 
ter  and  Somerfet  couu'ties.  It  receives 
leveral  rivers  from  each  county,  the  chief 
of  which  are  Wicomico,  Naniicoke  ;  alfo 
Tranfquaking  and  Blackwater  creeks 
The  tnrtancc  ijito  £his  large  bay  lies  be- 
tween Goklfb'orougli   and  Devil's  iflands. 

F'ifiing  Biy,  on  the  S  fide  Of  lake  Onta- 
rio, is  about  37  miles  E  of  Fort  Niagara. 

Fi/hiitg  Creek,  a  townfliip  on  Stifquehan- 
na  R.  in  Penniylvaiiia.  See  Noitbumber- 
Lmd  Co. 

FiJkkiU,  a  pofi  lo"wn  in  Dut chefs  co.  N. 
York;  5  miles  E  of  Hudfon  R.  on  FiQikill, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Highlands,  which  rife 
S  of  it;  containing  about  30  houfes,  a 
church  for  Epifcopalians,  and  one  for 
Low  Dutch.  The  lownlliip  is  very  cx- 
tenfive,  and  contains  6  ehurclies,  3  for 
the  reformed  Dutch,  I  for  Prefbyterians, 
I  for  Baptift^,  I  for  Methodifts,  and 
has  6168  inhabitants,  of  whom  524  are 
Haves.  It  lies  14  miles  S  by  E  of  Pough- 
keepfie,  oppofite  Ntwburgh,  and  66  N  of 
N.  York  city.  There  are  a  few  houfes 
only  at  the  Landing,  on  the  margin  of 
the  river. 

Ftjhkill  Landings  is  part  of  the  above 
town,  on  the  river,  where  is  a  poft  office. 

F'ljh  Kill.,  or  Creek,  on  whicli  the  town 
above  defcribed  ftands,  and  from  which 
it  derives  its  name,  is  fmall,  and  empties 
into  Hudfon  R.  about  a  mile  below  the 
Landing,  and  nearly  oppofite  New  Wind- 
for.  Alfo,  the  name  of  a  imall  llream 
Ivhich  runs  S  W  into  Oneida  lake.  Likc- 
wife,  a  ftream  which  rifes  from  Saratoga 
lake,  and  runs  6  miles  eaflerly  to  the 
Hudfon.  Its  mouth  is  oppofite  Batten 
kill,  J,  miles  above  Saratoga  town  ;  and 
on  the  N  fide  of  which  Gen.  Bui'goyne's 
army  laid  down  their  arms  as  prifoners. 

Fitchburgh,  a  poll  town  of  Maffachufetts, 
Worcefter  co.  25  miles  N  of  Worcefter, 
and  50  N  W  of  Bofton.  It  has  1390  in- 
habitants. 

Fitziuilliatn,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co. 
N.  HampQiire,  about  16  miles  E  of  Con- 


nctSlIcut  R.  and  fcparatcd  from  Royalf'* 
ton  in  Worcefter  co.  Maflachufetts,  by 
the  flate  line.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1773,  and  contains  1240  inhabitants. 

Fine  Fori,  is  fituuted  185  milcs  W  S  W 
of  Winaipeg  lake.  N  lat.  49  42,  W  loii. 
102. 

Flamboroitghj  a.  fac^cry  of  the  Hudfon 
bay  company,  on  the  S  wtftern  fide  of 
Hudlba  bay. 

Flarnhormigh  Toivnjiyip^in  U  Canada,  dif- 
tinguiihed  by  Eaft  and  Weft  Elambor- 
ough,  in  tlie  weft  riding  of  the  county  of 
York,  lies  W  of  tlie  Mifl'afaga  lands,  and 
fronts  Dundas  ftreet. 

Flatbujh,  the  chief  town  of  King's  co. 
Long  I.  N.  York.  It  is  a  plcafant  and 
healthy  town,  5  miles  S  by  E  from  N. 
York  city.  It  contains  a  number  of 
dwelling  houfes,  moftly  in  one  ftreet  ; 
many  of  which  arc  elegant  and  commo- 
dious. The  inhabitants  arc  chiefly  of 
Dutch  extradiion.  It  contains  946  in- 
habitants, of  whom'  J4I  are  flaves.  The 
productions  are  various  kinds  of  fruit, 
vegetables,  grain,  &c.  which  find  a  ready 
market  in  the  metropolis.  The  land  lies 
low;  and  in  fummer  the  whole  townfliip 
appears  like  an  extenfive  garden.  I'hc 
public  baildiiigs  are  a  Dutch  church,  a 
court  houfe,  and  an  academy,  called  Eraf* 
mu3  Hall,  the  moft  flourifliing  of  all  the 
academies  in  the  ftate.  It  is  in  a  pleafant 
and  healthful  fitiTation,  4  miles  from 
Brookline  ferry.  A  bloody  battle  was 
fought  near  this  town  on  the  27th  of  Au- 
guft,  1776,  when  the  Americans  weie  de- 
feated by  the  Britifli  with  great  lofs. 
The  remains  of  the  American  army  re- 
treated to  N.  York,  under  the  cover  of  a 
thick  fog,  which  rofe  in  a  very  uncom- 
mon and  providential  manner,  and  Avas 
the  means  of  faving  the  American  army. 

Flat  JJlands,  in  U.  Canada,  lie  to  the  W 
of  the  Manitou  iflands,  and  open  to  the 
ftraits  of  MichiUmackinac,  upon  lake 
Huron.  Smyth. 

Flatlands,  a  fmall  townfliip  in  King's  co. 
Long  I.  diftant  from  N.  York  city  6  or  7 
milcs.  It  contains  493  inhabitants,  of 
whom  128  are  flaves. 

Flat  Rock,  is  an  expanfive,  clear,  flat 
rock,  but  a  little  above  the  furface  of  the 
ground,  and  near  the  banks  of  a  delight- 
ful rivulet  of  excellent  water,  which  is 
one  of  the  head  branches  of  Great  Ogee- 
chec  R.  in  Georgia.  This  is  a  commoa 
rendezvous  or  camping  place  for  traders 
and  Indians. 
Flattery,  Cape,  fo  named  by  Capt.  Cook, 

Oli 


FLO 


FLO 


".r.'i  account  of  its  promifing  at  a  diuance  f 
^rint  it  denied  on  a  nearer  approach.  Lat. 
48  ^jKiBi)*  2,^5  30  E.  This  cape,  Capt.  lu- 
I'tayfflPof  BoUon,  found  to  he  the  S  Tide  of 
the  entrance  of  the  (traits  of  Juan  de  Fuca. 
N  lat.  48  25,  Vv^lon.  17..1  52.     See  Fuca.     j 

Fleming,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  hound-  | 
ed  N  by  Mnfon,  S  E  hy  Virginia,  S  W  and  ! 
W  by  Montgomery.  ■  It  is  mountainous, 
and  watered  by  ieveral  ftreams  which  fall  | 
into  Sandy  and  Licking  rivers.  It  con-  i 
tains  4893  inhabitants,  440  arc  flaves.       * 

Flemintrfbur^b^  the  chief  town  of  Flem-  i 
ing  CO.  Kentucky,  containing  123  people,  j 
Here  is  a  pofl  office.  •  j 

Flemini;ii-jn,  a  fniall  port  town  of  N.  Jer-  I 
fey,  in  Hunterdon  co.  lies  about  6  miies  | 
N  eaftward  of  Amwcll  on  Delaware  R.  1 
23  N  N  W  of  Trenton,  9  S  of  Pittftown,  { 
and  53  N  E  by  N  of  Philadelphia.  It  ' 
contains  about  a  dozen  compatiT:  houfea,  i 
and  has  a  pofl:  office.  | 

Fletcher, z.  towulliip  in  Franklin  co.  Ver-  \ 
mont,  containing  2CO  inhabitants.  It  has  j 
Cambridge  on  the  S  E,  and  Geor;;i;(a  W.      1 

Flint  R.  a  coniiderable  river  of  Georgia,  1 
v/hich  rlfes  in  the  country  of  the  Creek 
Indians,  and  running  a  S,  and  thence  a  S 
W  courfe,  joins  the  Appalachicola,  at  its 
entrance  into  Florida.  The  Flint  is  about 
30  rods  wide,  and  from  12  to  15  feet  deep 
in  futnmer,  and  has  a  gentle  current. 
The  territory  lying  on  this  river,  efpec- 
ialiy  on  the  upper  part  of  it,  preiVnts  ev- 
ery appearance  of  a  deHghtfi-.l  and  fruit- 
ful region  in  fonie  future  day  ;•  it  being  a 
rich  foil,  and  exceedingly  well  fituated 
for  every  branch  of  agriculture,  and  of- 
fers an  uninterrupted  navigation  to  the 
bay  of  Mexico,  and  Atlantic  ocean,  ajtid 
thence  to  the  W.  India  i Hands  and  over 
the  whole  world.  There  are  a  number 
of  villages  of  Creek  Indians  on  this  river. 

Flinty  a  fmall  river,  about  28  miles  long, 
in    the   Gcneffee    country,  in    N.  York,  ij 
which  runs  NN.E into Canandarqua  creek,  jj 

Flinjion,  (now  Baldwin)  Cumberland  co.  I 
?vlaine.     It  has  one  eminence  in  it  called  j! 
Saddle  Back  mountain,   but  the  country  ii 
in  general  is  level  enough  for  cultivation. 
One  half  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  and 
white  oak.     See  BalJivin,  appendix. 

Flnri'.la,  a  pofl  town  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  6  or  8  miles  S  of  Goflien,  and  50 
NWof  N.York  city. 

Florida,  a  town  in  Montgomerv  co.  N,  {1 
York,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  R.  at  the  |j 
mouth  of  Schoharie  creek.  Fort  Huntei  j 
is  in  this  town,  which  fee.  It  has  1218  i 
inhabitants.  j' 

v^ut.  I.  5r  ■' 


FlorlJj^  Eajl  znd.  Wcji,  belonging  ta 
Spain,  fituated  lietween  25  and  31  N  lat. 
and  between  80  and  91  W  Ion.  about  600 
miles  in  length.  Its  breadth  is  various  ; 
the  broadefl:  part  of  W,  Florida  is  about 
130  milcs^  while  the  narrow  peninfula  of 
E.  Florida  extends,  in  the  faH>e  direction, 
from  S  to  N  400  miles.  It  is  bounded  N 
by  Georgia,  S  by  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  E 
by  tl'.e  Atlantic  ocean,  and  W  by  the 
Mifiifippi,  which  feparates  it  from  Lou- 
ifiana,  and  is  nearly  of  the  form -of  the 
letter  L.  W.  Florida  is  bouaded  E  by  the 
river  Appalachicola  ;  thence  it  extends 
W  to  the  Regolets,  at  the  entrance  into 
lake  Ponchartrain  ;  thence  through  the 
lakes  Ponchartrain  and  M.iurepas,  and 
along  the  river  Iberville  to  the  MifTifippi, 
and  thence  to  the  S  boundary  of  the  U.  S. 
{^11  lit  chins. 'I  Among  its  rivers  that  fall  in- 
to the  Atlantic,  St.  John's  and  Indian 
rivers  are  the  chief.  Seguana,  Appala- 
chicola, Chatahatchi,  Efcambia,  Mobile, 
Pafcagoula  and  Pearl  rivers  all  rife  in 
Georgia,  and  run  foutheriy  into  the  gulf 
of  Mexico.  The  principal  bays  are  St. 
Bernard's.  Afcenfion,  Mobile,  Penfacola, 
Dauphin,  JolephjApalaehy,  Spiritu  Sanc- 
to  ;  and  the  chief  capes  are  Bianco,  St. 
Blaizc,  Anclotc,  and  Cape  Florida  at  the 
extremity  of  the  peninfula.  The  climate 
is  little  different  from  that  of  Georgia. 
There  are,  in  this  country,  a  great  vari- 
ety of  foils  ;  the  eaftern  part  of  it,  near 
to,  and  about  St.  Auguflinc,  is  by  far  the 
mofl:  unfruitful ;  yet  even  there,  two  crops 
of  Indian  corn  are  annually  produced. 
The  banks  of  the  rivers  which  water  the 
Floridas,  and  the  parts  contiguous,  are  of 
a  f uperior  quality,  and  well  adapted  to  the 
culture  of  rice  and  corn.  The  fine  lands 
near  the  river  Efcambia,  are  defcribcd 
under  the  account  of  that  river.  The  inte- 
rior country,  which  is  high  and  plcafant, 
abounds  with  wood  ofalrcofV  everv  kind, 
particularly  white  aixl  r^  d  oak,  live  oak, 
laurel  magnolia.. pine,  hickory, cyprcfs,  red 
and  white  cedar.  The  live  oaks,  though 
not  tall,  contain  a  prodigious  quantity  bf 
timber.  The  trunk  is  generally  frorn  la 
to  20  feet  in  circumference,  and  rifcs  \o 
or  12  feet  from  the  earth,  and  then 
branches  into  4  or  5  great  limbs,  which 
grow  in  nearly  a  horizontal  diretSlion, 
forming  a  gentle  curve.  "  I  have  ftep- 
ptd"  fays  Bartram,  "  above  50  paces,  on 
a  (Iraight  line,  from  the  trunk  of  one  of 
thefe  trees  to  the  extremity  of  the  limbs." 
They  are  ever  green,  and  the  wood  al- 
nioO;  incorruptible      Tluy  bear  a  great 

quantity 


tLO 


FOG 


Ail  acorns,  which  Is  agrec- 
n  roafted,  and  from  Avhich 
jtraek  a  fweet  oil,  which  tliey 
jg  homminy  and  rice.     The 
laurci    .-    ^  plia    is   the    moft    beautitul 
among  the  trees  ot  the  forefl,  and  13  uui- 
ally  icO  feet  high,  though  fome  are  much 
higher.      The    trunk  is   pcrftc^lly  ere-^V, 
rifiug  in  the  form  of  a  beautiful  column, 
and   fupporting   a  head  like    an   obtule 
cone.    The  flowers,  which  are  on  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  branches,  are  large,  white, 
and   expanded   like  a  rofe,  and   are    the 
largeft  and    mofl:   complete  of  :my   yet 
known  ;  when  fwlly  expanded,  they  are 
from  6  to  9  inches  diameter,  and  have  a 
jnoil:  delicious  fragrance.     The  cyprefs  is 
tiie  largeft  of  the  American  trees.     "  I 
have    feen    trunks  of  thele   trees,"   fays 
Bartram,  "  that  would  meafure  8, 10  and 
Jl   feet  in   diameter,  for  40  and  50  feet 
f'laft."     The  trunks  make  excellent  fliin- 
gJcs,  boards,  and  other  timber  ;  and  wJien 
liollowed,  make  durable   and  convenient 
canoes.     The  garden    vegetables   are  in 
high  perfe<5lion  ;  the  orange  and  lemon 
trees  grow  here,  without  cultivation,  to 
a  large  fize,  and  produce  better  fruit  than 
in  Spain  and  Portugal.     Tlie  intervale? 
between  the  hilly  parts  of  this   country 
are  extremely  rich.     The  principal  to-vn 
in  W.  Florida  is  Penfacola  j  in  E.  Florida, 
St.  Augurtine.     T^je  Spaniili  Itrength  in 
the  Floridas,  and  Louifiana,  in  1790,  was 
as  follows,   according  to   Mr.  Meiford's 
account  :  Troops  and  levies   at   St.  Ali- 
gn ftiae  and  on  St.  John's  river,  400  ;  St. 
Marks,  lOO  ;  Penfacola,  350  ;  Mobile  and 
Tombigbee,    150;  at  the  Natchez,  200; 
Red  river,  lOO;   Illinois  river,  300;  in  all 
1600  men,  called  the  Orleans  or  Louifiana 
regiment.      The    number    of    Americrin 
families  that  have  been   Spaniili  fubjecbs 
iincc  1783,  amounts  to  1720,  viz.  at  I'en- 
fau,  near  Mobile  bay,  90  ;  on  Tombir^bce 
river,  130  ;  at  the  Natchez  on  the  JSIifTi- 
fippi,  1500.     All  the  fettlcrs  in  thcle  dif- 
tricts  are  imder  tlie  immediate  orders  of 
the  military  commandants,  and  fubjecl  to 
rnartial  law  ;  wirh  an   appeal   from    flage 
to  ftage,  up   to   the  viceroy  of  Mexico. 
The  property  of   the   fubjeA   at   his  de- 
ccafe  is  to  be  managed  by  the  command- 
ant, whofe  fees,  by  law,  are  enormous. 
Until  the  year  ij86,  the  continent  of  N. 
America  woit  by  the  name  of  Florida,  j 
It  received  this  name  from  John  Ponce, 
becaufc  when  he  landed  in   N  la*-.  388. 
in   April,  15 13,   he    found    the   country 
t^«re  IB  full  bloom.     Florida  hai  fre- 


quently changed  mafters,  belonging  alter- 
nately to  the  French  and  Spaniards.  W, 
Florida,  as  far  as  Perdido  R.  wstt|i|^ned 
and  occupied  by  the  French  ;  th^^main- 
der,  and  all  E.  Florida,  by  tlic  Spaniards, 
previous  to  their  being  ceded  to  the  Brit- 
illi,  at  tiie  peace  of  1763.  llie  Eri:iili 
divided  this  country  into  E,  and  Vv .  Flor- 
ida. During  the  American  war,  both  the 
Floridas  were  reduced  by  the  ^-paniards, 
and  guarantied  to  the  crown  of  Spain  by 
the  defniitive  treaty  of  1783. 

Florida^  Cape,  the  foutliernmofl:  point  of 
land  of  the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida.  It  i» 
100  miles  N  of  the  if  land  of  Cuba.  N  lat. 
aj  20,  W  Ion.  80  20. 

Florida  Keys,  or  Martyr's  If.anch,  a  num- 
ber of  rocks  and  fand  banks,  bounded  W 
by  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  E  by  that  of  Flori- 
da. The  great  far.d  bank  extends  from 
the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida  inward,  to  the 
gulf  of  nlexico,  in  the  form  of  a  hook  ;  its 
W  point  is  divided  from  the  bank  called 
the  DryTortugas,  by  Tortuga  channel. 

Florida,  Gulf  of ,  is  the  channel  between 
the  peninfula  of  Florida  and  the  Bahama 
iflands,  N  of  the  idanci  of  Cuba  ;  and 
through  which  the  Gulf  Stream  finds  a 
paflage,  and  runs  to  the  N  E  along  the 
American  coaft.  See  Gulf  Stream  and 
JMexico. 

FloiucrtoivTi,  in  Pennfylvania,  is  a  fmall 
village  about  i  'l  miles  N  of  Philadelphia, 
in  Montgomery  co. 

Floyd,  a  nev/  townfliip  in  Oneida  Keriie- 
mer  co.  N.  York,  has  767  injiabitants. 

Floxd,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  containing 
472  iahabitants,  of  thefe  29  are  Haves. 
'  Flufhinv,  a  town  in  Queen's  co.  N.  York, 
on  the  N  W  part  of  Long  I.  and  on  the  S 
lide  of  Hell  Gate  ;  7  miles  E  by  N  of  N. 
York  city.  It  contains  i8i8  inhabitants. 
Fl'i-vanna.  See  fames  River. 
Fluvunua,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded 
N  by  Albemarle,  N  E  by  Louifa,  E  by 
Goochland,  W^  by  Amherfl,  and  S  by  Flu- 
vanna or  James  river,  which  divides  it 
from  Buckingham.  It  is  about  22  miles 
long,  and  30  broad,  and  contains  2703 
free  inhabitants,  and  1920  ilaves.  Ther* 
is  great  plenty  of  marble,  both  white  and 
variegated  with  blue,  red  and  purple  veins 
found  here,  on  James  R.  at  the  mouth  of 
Rockfiili ;  where  it  forms  a  large  preci- 
pice, overhanging  a  navigable  part  of  the 
river. . 

Ffj^^y  Cape,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  A- 
merica.  is  lituated  on  the  S  eaftern  fide  of 
the  peninfula  of  Alaika,  aiid  W  of  Kiflrtac 
iilaud. 


FOR 


FOR 


Focrgy  I/Ie,  on  the  fame  fide  of  the  pen- 
infuia  as  the  above,  lies  alliort  way  S  by 
W  of  Foggy  Cape. 

Folloivfield,  a  townfliip  in  Wailiington 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  containing  1635  inhab- 
itants. E.  and  W.  Foliovvficld  are  alfo  two 
townlhips  in  Chefter  co.  Pennfylvania ; 
the  former  has  1622,  and  the  latter  839 
inhabitants. 

Fonfeca,  Gulf  of ^  lies  ill  New  Spain  on 
the  Pacific  ocean,  40  miles  S  E  of  the 
town  of  St.  Miguel,  and  about  290  miles 
N  W  of  Cape  Blanco,  on  the  wefiern  ikle 
of  the  gulf  of  Nicoya. 

Fontaine,  Belle, 'A  iettlement  in  the  N.  W. 
territory,  on  the  E  lide  of  the  Miili- 
fippi;  about  18  miles  N  of  St.  Phillips,  and 
a3  below  Caholda. 

Font,  or  Fonte,  Straits  de,  lie  on  the  N 
W  coaft  of  N.  America,  in  N  lat  54  2>s-> 
Wlon.  9  s^'  There  is  a  large  ifland  in 
the  middle  of  the  entrance.  This  is 
thought  to  be  the  fame  ftrait  that  DeTonte, 
a.  Spanilli  admiral,  difcovered  in  1640, 
Tvhofe  account  of  it  has  been  long  treated 
as  fabulous.  It  has  been  feen  by  captains 
Gray  and  Ingrahani,  of  Boflon. 

Foralones,  in  the  iiland  of  Gunra,  and 
coafl  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  are  old  walls 
of  lome  ancient  building  in  the  time  of 
the  Yncas,  which  ferve  here  as  light  houl- 
es  for  the  fliipping  which  fail  fronx  Callao 
to  Paita,  on  the  S.  Sea  coaft. 

Foreland,  South,  U.  Carrada  (formerly 
called  Point  Pelc)  on  the  N  lliore  of  lake 
Erie,  oppofite  Landguard.  There  is  good 
anchorage  for  veiTels;  on  either  fide  of  the 
point,  which  runs  out  to  a  conhderable 
diftance,  but  the  beft  is  on  the  E  fide,  in  I 
clay  bottom.  Near  the  extremity  of  the  ■ 
point,  and  on  the  E  fide  is  a  pond,  where 
boats  in  general  may  enter  and  be  fecure 
from  nu>(l  winds.  A  long  reef  runs  out 
fi'om  the  point. 

Foreferton,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  which  lies  between  Ayerflon  as.d 
Evefliam  ;  about  15  miles  E  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  II  S  of  Burlington  cily. 

Forejl,  a  fmali  ifland  in  the  Britifu  lerri- 
^tories,  at  the  mouth  of  Lake  Ontario,  be- 
tween which  and  Grand  Iiland  is  a  nar- 
row channel.  It  lies  9  miles  fou'herly  of 
Fort  Frontinac,  and  6  N  wefterly  of  Roe- 
buck I.  in  the  fame  lake,  and  within  the 
line  of  the  United  States. 

Forked  Dter,  a  navigable  river  in  Tcn- 
eflee,  which  runs  weiierJy  into  Millilippi 
R.  between  the  Obian  and  Katchy.  It  is 
about  76  yards  wide,  7  miles,  rom  its 
aaouth. 


Forh,  a  townfliip  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  884  inhabitants. 

Formofe,  a  fmall  lettlement  at  the  S  E 
end  of  Newfoundland  iiland,  at  the  head 
of  Bear  Cove. 

Fort  Ann,  a  poft  town,  Wafliington  co. 
N.York,  459  miles  from  Walh.ington. 

Fort  Blount,  (lands  on  Cumberland  R. 
in  the  ftate  of  Tenell'ee,  co.  of  Smith,  671 
miles  W  of  Wafl.ington,  and  has  a  pofi  of- 
fice. 

Fort  Brcxvingtcn,  in  N.  York  ftate,  is  at 
tlie  W  end  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the  N 
fide  of  Ojiondago  R.  at  its  mouth  in  the  lake. 
Fort  Chartrcs,  in  tho  N.  W.  territory,  is 
fituated  on  the  E  bank  of  Milfiiippi  R.  6 
miles  W  by  S  of  St.  PhilHps,  and  19  W  N 
W  of  Kalkafkias  village. 

Fort  Baiiphhi,  a  fmall  lake,  or  rather  arm 
of  Little  V/innipeg  lake,  and  weft:  of  it. 
Fort  Fdxvcrd,  a  pleafant  village  in  Wafila- 
ington  CO.  N.  York,  on  the  E  bank  of 
riudfon  R.  49  miles  N  of  Albany.  It  has 
its  name  from  the  large  fort  built  here  in 
1755  ;  of  which  there  are  no  remains  but 
large  mounds  of  cr.rth.  Kere  is  a  pcftoflice. 
Fort  Anne,  a  village  on  the  head  waters 
of  Wood  creek,  in  Wafliington  co.  N. 
York,  60  miles  N  E  of  Albany  city.  It 
has  its  name  from  a  fniall  picket  fort, 
erecfted  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne,  of 
which  there  is  no  veflige  left. 

Fort  George,  in  U.  Canada,  the  military 
poft  and  garrifon  lately  built  on  the 
heights  above  Navy  Hall,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Niagara  river,  in  the  townfliip  of 
Newark,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln. 

Fort  George,  lies  at  the  S  end  of  lake 
George,  62  miles  N  of  Albany.  Here  are 
the  remair.s  of  the  old  forts,  George,  and 
William  Henry.  I'he  fituation  is  pleafant, 
but  there  is  lx8.rdly  the  appearance  of  a 
village.  There  is  a  poft  office  here.  See 
George,  laic. 

Fort  Jllajhe,  Wailiington  CO.  N.  York. 
Here  is  a  poft  cilice,  870  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Fort  Mnier,  Wafliington  co.  N.  York. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  4 39  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Fort  Wtlhhifon,  Hancock  co.  Georgia. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  702  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Fortrr.yal,  in  the  ifland  of  Grenada. 
See  St.  Georges. 

Fortroyal,  one  of  the  principal  towns  in 
the  ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  W.  Lidie*. 
ft  is  the  feat  of  government  in  the  iiland  ; 
its  ureets  sre  regular,  the  houfes  agreeable, 
and  the   people  gay  and  luxurious.     The 

citad.-'l 


FR  A 


F  R  A 


citadel  which  defends  the  town   cofl   the 
Trench  £.325,000  ftcrling.     The  harbour 
here  Is    one  of  the  heft  in  the  W.  IndieS; 
and  the  iliips  of  war  •winter  in  it. 

Fortune^  A  large  bay  towards  the  S    W 
part  of  Newfoundland  iHand  ;  acrcfs  the 
mouth  of  which  lies  Micklon  illand,  and 
S  of  it  Peters  illand^     This  exteniivc  b?.y 
is  interfperfed  with  fmall  ifles,  and  within 
it  are  many  bays.     It  has  gieat  depth  of 
water  throughout. 

Fojler,  a  towniliip  in    Providence    co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  containing    2457   inbabit- 
ants  ;  17  miles   wcfterly  of  Providence, 
and  31  N  W  of  Newport. 

Foxborou^h,  a  towHihip   in  Norfolk  co. 
Maifachufetts,  id  miles  S  of  Bofton.     In- 
corporated in  1778.     Inhabitants,  779. 

F(7K,  a   river   in  the   N.   W.  territory, 
which  rifes  in  the  S,  and  runs  about  50 
wiles  N,  where  it  approaches  very    near 
to,  and  parallel  wilh,Ouifconlin,  a  N  cafl- 
ern  branch  of  tl*:;  Miliifippi  river.    From 
the   Great   Carrying  place  here,  through 
lake   Winnebago,  it   runs  eafterly,   then 
N  E    to    bay    Puan,    about    180   rniles. 
From  the   carrying  place   to    Winnebago 
it  is  navigable  for  canoes  4  or    5  miles. 
l>om   bay   Puan  its  current  is    gentle  ; 
from  thence  to  Winnebago  lake  it  is  full 
<.)f  rocks  and  very  rapid.     Its  breadth  is 
bfcWecn  70  and  100  yards.     The  land  on 
its  borders  is  good,  thinly  wooded  with 
hickory,  oak,   and  hazel.     See   Oiafconjing 
and  IVinncbdgo. 

Fox,  a  northern  water  of  Illinois  river, 
34  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Pleui  river 
Fi-amhiffLum,  a  townfhlp    in  Middlelex 
CO.  Maffachufetts,  containing  1625  inhab- 
itants.    It  was.  incorporated  in  1700  and 
is  2d  miles  W  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Francejloiun,  an   interior  pofl  town  in 
Hiiliborough  co.  N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  E 
lide  of  Contecook  R.  about    ai    miles  to 
the  .'^  W  of  Concord.     It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1772  and  cont'iineuin  1775,200  in- 
habitants,in  1 790,  982, and  in  i8oo,  1355. 
Frjiicijlorsy     now    Cornifa,    in    York    CO. 
Maine,  containing  734  inhabitants. 

Frauds,  Sf.    a  1  ike,  or  cxtenlion  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  between  Kingfton  and 
Montreal,  throvigh  which  pafl'es  the  line 
dividing  U.  from  L.  Canada.     It  is  that 
part  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  which  wid- 
ening above  the  Coteaw  de  Luc,  lofes  its 
current  and  becomes  a  long  and  narro-v 
lal<,'. 

:  i-iv-  ■,  u,  .',.:  nroviaceof  L. 
C.tii.iv,  .    ..   ...h  :i>l,o  ir-.rAi   wi'iouo  fi>iircc3 

juar  ihc  uortiicra  boundary  of  the  United 


States,  and  runs  northward  into  the  river 
St.  La.vrci.ce,  at  the  W  end  of  lake  St. 
Peter.  It  is  not  all  the  v/ay  navigable  ; 
clie  it  would  afford  an  impoi  tant  commu- 
nication from  the  northern  parts  of  Ver- 
mont to  the  markets  of  Montreal  and 
Quebec.  See  jifcot  and  Sbipton.  Its  banks 
are  fertile,  and  arc  fettling  with  people 
from  N.  England. 

FniHcis,  St.  a  fmall  river  in  Louihana, 
wliich  runs  a  S  E  courfe  into  the  Mifhlip- 
pi,  ic8  miles  above  Arkunias  R.  and  70 
miles  above  A'largot  R.  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  X^iiiiiiippi-  It  is  the  general  rendez- 
vous tor  the  hunters  from  N.  Oi  leans, 
who  winter  there,  and  cclledl  lalt  meat, 
fuet,and  bear's  dII,  for  the  fupply  of  that 
city.  Kappas  Old  fort  foiineily  flood  at 
the  mouth  of  this  river,  on  the  fouthern 
fide.  It  was  built  by  t'le  1":  each  during 
their  wars  Avith  the  Cli'ckafaw  Indians. 
Alfo,  the  name  of  a  fmall  river  in  tne  N. 
W.  territory,  which  runs  a  .S  W  by  W 
courfe  into  Millliippi,  betv/een  Cold  and 
Rum  rivers,  60  miles  above  St.  Anthony's 
Falls.  The  country  a  little  above  it  is 
hilly,  and  the  foil  pretty  good.  To  the  N 
E  are  the  fmall  lakes  called  the  Thoufand 
lakes.  The  MiHiiippi  here  is  not  above 
90  yards  wide. 

F}\^!:c!s,  St.  in  Brazil,  S.  America,  a  long 
and  large  river  which  runs  N  eafterly,  and 
thence  S  E  till  it  empties  into  the  ocean 
N  E  of  the  town  of  Seregeppe  del  Key. 
It  has  a  number  of  towns  and  fcttlcmciits, 
chiefly  en  its  head  waters. 

Frat'coh;  Cape  St.  a  iurifdietlon  city,  and 
port,  in  the  N  weftern  part  of  the  ifland 
St.  Domingo.  This  jurifdidlion  is  in  the 
N  divifion  of  the  ifland,  in  what  was  call- 
ed the  French  part  of  it ;  and  contains  13 
parifiies.  its  exports  from  Jan.  i,  1789, 
to  Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were  as  fol- 
low :  31,187,636  lbs.  white  liigar, 
7,267,531  lbs.  brown  fugar,  32,545,52411)8. 
coffee,  269,240  lbs.  cotton,  245,177  lbs. 
indigo:  tanned  hides,  molailes,  ipirils,  ^:c. 
to  tlie  value  of  21,789  livres.  Total  val- 
ue of  duties  on  exportation,  253,590  dolls. 
37  cents.  Cape  Franc^ois  exceeds  Port  au 
Prince  in  the  value  of  its  produtlions,  the 
elegance  of  its  buildings,  and  the  aclvan- 
taaeous  fituation  of  its  port^  The  city, 
whicn  IS  tne  governor  s  relidence  m  time 
of  war,  is  fituatcd  on  a  cape  at  the  edge 
c>f  a  large  plain,  20  leagues  long,  and  on 
an  average  4  broad,  between  the  fea  and 
tiie  mountains.  There  ai  e  few  lands  bet- 
ter watered,  but  there  is  not  a  river  that 
will  adiiiit  a  ilcop  above   3  nilcs.     'I  hi^ 


FR  A 

fpace  is  cut  through  by  ftralght  road:,,  40 
feet  broad,  uninterruptedly  lined  with 
hedges  of  lime  and  lemon  treer-, intermixed 
with  long  avenues  of  lofty  trees,  leading 
to  plantations  which  produce  a  greater 
quantity  of  fugar  than  any  fpot  of  the 
fame  iize  in  the  world.  The  town,  which 
is  fituated  in  the  moft  uniiealthy  place  of 
this  extenfive  and  beautiful  plain,  had, 
lome  years  fince,  leveral  elegant  public 
buildings,  as  the  govenor's  houfe,  the  bar- 
racks, ihe  magazine,  and  two  hofpitals, 
called  the  houpx  of  Providence^  founded  for 
the  benevolent  and  humane  purpofe  of 
lupportjiig  thofe  Europeans  v/ho  came 
thither  without  money  or  merchandize. 
The  haibour  is  admirably  well  lituated 
for  {liips  which  come  from  Europe,  being 
only  open  to  theN,  from  whence  iliips  re- 
ceive no  damage, its  entrance  being  I\>rink- 
led  over  with  reefs  that  break  the  force 
of  the  v/aves.  Before  its  deftru6i:ion  in 
1793,  tiiis  city  contained  about  8000  in- 
habitants ;  whites,  people  of  colour,  and 
flaves.     See  St.  Domingo. 

Franqois,  Old  Cape,  the  N.  eafternmofl: 
point  of  the  ifiancl  of  St.  Domingo  or  Hif- 
paniola  ;  having  Baifamo  bay  N  W,  and 
Scotch  bay  S  S  E. 

Fravqois  R.  in  U.  Canada  runs  S  W 
from  lake  Nipiffing  into  lake  Huron  ;  it 
has  feveral  portages  ;  that  neareft:  to 
lake  Nipifiing,  is  called  Portage  de 
Trois  Chaudicrs,  in  length  about  half  a 
mile.  Smyth. 

Franconia,  a  tcwnfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Harnpfhire,  14  miles  N  E  of  Haverhill 
(N.  H.)  on  Connedticut  river.  Incorpo- 
rated in  1764,  firft  called  Morriflowu.  '  It 
contains  129  inhabitaat<^, 

Frankfort,  a  poft  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  iide  of  Penobfcot  bay. 
It  has  a  few  houfes,  regularly  built,  and 
lies  8  miles  W  of  Penobfcot,  and  238 
N  £  of  Eofton.  The  townfnip  contains 
^67  inhabitants. 

Franhfort,  or  Fraiikfard,  a  plcafant,  thriv- 
ing village,  in  Philadelphia  co.  Pennfyl- 
vanla,  on  the  N  E  iide  of  a  creek  of  the 
fame  name,  a  mile  and  an  half  from  Del- 
av/are  R.  It  contains  about  100  houfes, 
chiefly  of  (lone,  an  Epifcopal  and  a  Ger- 
man churcli;  on  elevated  ground,  about 
5  miles  N  E  of  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a 
poft  ofTice. 

Frankfort;  a  new  townf^.ii^  '1  }!ci'-uncr 
co".  N.  York,  E  of  Whiteitown,  adjoiiiing. 
It  has  946  inhabitants. 

Frankfort,  a  thriving  village,  where  is  a 
pod  office,  ia    Han^.pflaire  co.  Vi-'ginia, 


FRA 


on  a  creek    which  empties  mt 

mack  R.     It  is  13  miles  N  W  of  Kumney, 

4  males  S  of  the  Potowmack,  and  lo  S  S 
E   of  Port  Cumberland. 

Frunlfrt,  lat  capital  of  Pendleton  co. 
Virginia,  is  fituated  on  the  'vV  iide  of  a  S 
branch  of  Potowmack  B-  It  conraius  a 
court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about  50  houfes  ; 
180  miles  N  W  of  Richmond. 

Frankfort^  a  poll  town  and  the  metrop- 
olis of  Kentucky,  is  lituated  in  Franklin 
CO.  on  the  N  E  iknk  of  Kentucky  R.  about 
5c  mules  from  its  confluence  with  che  Ohio. 
It  is  a  ilourifliing  town,  regularly  laid  out, 

i  and  has  a  number  of  handibme  houfes. 
The  ftate  houfe  is  a  handfome  ftone  build- 

i  ing.  Here  is  alio  a  tobacco  vv'arehoufe. 
It    contains    628    inhabitants.       It   is    30 

,    miles  N  of  Harrodfburg,  40  N  by  W   of 

j  Danville,  123  from  Louifville,  and  790  W 
by  S  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  38  14,  W 
ion.  95   28. 

Franklin,  Fort,\s  in  Al'cghany  CO.  Penn- 
iyivania,  near  the  pofr  caded  Venango,  and 
v/as  eredled  in  1787,  in  order  to  defend 
the  frontiers  of  Pennfylvania  from  the 
depredations  of  the  neighbouring  ludiaps. 
It  is  feated  on  the  S  W  bank  of  Alleghany 
R.  oppohte  the  mouth  of  French  creelc 
N  lat.  41  I   40,  W  Ion.  79  41  ;   53  miles 

5  S  E  of  Prefque  Ifle,  and  6 2  northward 
of  Pittfburg. 

Franklin  Co.  the  N  wefternmofl:  in  Ver- 
mont, bounded  N  by  L.  Canada,  and  V/ 
by  lake  Champlain.  It  contains  xo  town- 
ihips,  and  8781   iijhabitants. 

Franklin  Cq.  in  Pennfylvania,  bounded 
N  by  Mifiiin,  N  E  by  Cumberland,  E  by 
York,  S  by  Wafliiiigion  CO.  in  Maryland, 
W  by  Bedford  co.  and  N  W  by  Hunter- 
don. It  is  computed  to  contain  8co  fqua*  e 
miles,  equal  to  51^,000  acres.  It  lies 
cbielly  betv/een  the  N.  and  S.  Mountains, 
and  comprehends  the  middle  part  of  the 
beautiful  and  rich  valley  of  Coiiegochea- 
gue  ;  which  is  watered  by  the  creek  of  its 
name,  which  falls  into  Potowmack  at. 
Williams  Port  in  Maryland.  This  coun- 
ty^ exhibits  a  moft  iuxurinnt  laudlcape  in 
fummier,  from  the  top  of  South  Mountain. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here  fufhcient  already 
to  furniih  work  for  a  furnace  and  forge. 
The  county  is  divided  into  14  townihips, 
which  contain  19,638  inhabitants. 

FraiiUin,s.  poft  town,  Vcmuigo  CO.  Penn- 
fylvania, 32^.  miles  from  WaiT.ingtvU!. 

Fr.uik'.in^  a  poll  towu  of  Ohio,56o  miles 
from  Walldngtcn. 

Franklin,  a  pofl  town,  Pendleton  co. 
Virginia,  191  miles  from  Wafliiugton. 

*.  .FriTikl-^ 


r 


/ 


r  RA 


FRE 


Fratrllh,  a  pofl:  town,  WiHiamfon  co. 
^eneffee,  575  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Fraiihlin^  a  town  in  Dutchefs  co.  N.  York, 
en  the  Connecticut  line,  10  miles  N  W  of 
i)anbury.     It  has  154.6  inhabitants. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Kentucliy,  Is  bounded  N 
by  Scott  CO.  N  W  and  W  by  Shelby,  S 
■E  by  Fayette,  and  S  by  Woodford.  It 
contains  4450  inhabltanvs,  of  whom  HC9 
are  in  flavery.     Chief  town,  Frankfort. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Halifax  d.ftria;,  N.  Car- 
olina, contains  8473  inhabitants,  of  whom 
^5667  are  (laves.  It  is  bounded  N  by 
•Greenville,  S  by  Johnllon,  N  E  by.  Warren, 
■S  W  by  Wake,  and  W  by  Orange  co. 
Chief  town,  Lewiflnirg. 

Franklin  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  bounded  N 
W  Bedford,  N  W  by  Botetourt,  W  by 
Montgomery,  S  W  by  Henry,  S  by  Patrick,- 
and  E  by  Campbell  co.  It  is  about  40 
miles  long,  and  a^  broad,  and  contains 
7728  free  inhabitants,  and  1574  Haves. 
A  rangeof  the  Alleghany  Mountains  pafi- 
«s  through  it  on  the  N  W.  It  is  in  gen- 
eral hilly. 

Franklin  Cn.'in  Georgia,  is  f:tuated  in  the 
XJpper  Diftriifl,  bounded  t.  and  N  E  by 
^fugulo  R.  which  feparatcs  it  from  the 
Itate  of  S.  Carolina  ;  W  and  N  W  by  the 
country  of  the/  Cherokccs  ;  S  by  the  head 
liranches  of  Broad  R.  and  S  E  by  Elberi  co. 
It  contains  6859  inhabitants,  of  whom  959 
are  flaves.  The  court  houfe  is  17  miles 
from  Hatton's  Ford  on  Tugulo  R..  25  from 
lEibcrton,  and  77  from  Waihington.  Here 
is  a  pofl  oiEce. 

Franklin  College.  See  Lancujiiry\n  Penn- 
ifylvania. 

Franklin^  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  co. 
Mallachufetts ;  taken  from  Wrenthr.m, 
and  incorporated  in  1778,  and  contains 
17,000  acres  of  land,  and  1285  inhabit- 
ants ;  is  bounded  N  by  Charles  R.  which 
feparates  it  from  Medway,  and  lies  30 
miles  S  of  Boflon. 

Franklin^  afmall  ifle  at  the  mouth  of  St. 
Georges  R.  in  Lincoln  co.  MaiiiC  ;  4 
leagues  fouthvvard  of  Thomafton. 

Frankliny  a  pofl:  town  in  Delaware  co. 
S  W  from,  and  bordering  on  Harpersfield, 
and  iis  V/  line  runs  along  the  S  eaitern 
bank  of  Sufquelianna  R.  I'his  town  was 
divided  by  an  aiil  of  the  Legiiiature,  1797. 
It  h.-is  1390  inhabitants.  I'here  is  a  pofl: 
efiice  in  Franklin,  Delaware  co.  N.  York. 

Fratkliu^  a  townfliip  in  Weflmoreland 
CO.  Pennfylvania-  Aifo,  3  others  in  the 
fame  flate,  viz.  in  York  co.  Fayette  co. 
a-rut  in  Wafliington  co. 

i>-«(»i/w»,  a  townihip,  the  mortheratBofl: 


in  New  London  co.  Connedlicut,  6  mil«« 
N  W  of  Norwich.  It  contains  laio  inhab- 
itants, who  are  chiefly  wealthy  farmers. 

Fran.Hin,  a  county  in  the  fl:ate  of  Ohio, 

Franks,  a  town  in  Huntingdon  co.  Penn- 
fyivjiiiia,  on  t})e  Fra'.'kftown  branch  of 
Juni-itta  R.  20  mihs  W  of  Huntingdon, 
has  743  inhaljitants. 

Frnyles,  an  ifland  near  the  coaft  of  New 
Andaiutia,  Terra  Firm  a. 

Frny'-:,  Los,  a  cUmip  of  rocks  which 
rife  abovr  \va:er  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Dorrlngo,  4  leagues  N  Vv^  of 
the  ifland  of  Ecate,  ne.^rly  oppolite  tlic 
ifits  called  the  Seven  Brothers,  in  the  bay 
of  Monte  Chril>,  on  the  N  Hde  of  the  ifl- 
and. Theff;  rocks  are  aifo  called  the 
Brothers  or  Monks.  The  rapidity  of  the 
currents  renders  this  part  of  the  coall 
very  dan->trou.?. 

Frt^cfen-a,  a  village  in  Kent  co.  ftate  of 
Delaware,  between  ihc  two  main  branches 
of  Mother  Ki!I,  a  ftream.  which  falls  into 
Delaware  7  miles  from  the  town,  and  5 
S  E  of  J?mes'  creek,  which  leads  up  to 
Dover.  It  contains  about  40  houfes,  and 
lies  13  miles  E  of  Dover,  and  88  from 
Phiiadeiphia.     Here  is  a  pofi  ofTice. 

FrtJerica,  a  pofl  tov.'n  of  Glynn  co.  in 
Georgia^  is  fituated  on  St.  Simon's  illand, 
in  a  very  pkafant  fituation,  and  Avas  built 
by  Gen.  Ogletjiorpe.  The  fortrefs  was 
beautiful  and  regular,  but  is  now  in  ruins. 
The  town  contains  but  few  houfes,  which 
(land  on  ao  eminence,  upon  a  branch  of 
Aiatam?.ha  R.  which  v.-aihcs  the  W  fide 
of  this  a^,rccabie  ifland,  and  forms  a  bay 
before  the  town,  affording  a  fafe  and 
commodious  hurbour  for  vefTch  of  the 
largcfl:  burden,  which  may  lit  along  the 
wharf.  It  Was  fettled  by  fome  Scotch 
highkmders,  about  the  year  1735,  wiio 
accepted  of  an  eftaljIifliMient  both  here 
and  at  DSrif.n,  to  defend  the  colony,  if 
needful,  againft  the  neighbouring  Span- 
iards.    N  lat.  ;i  'C.  W  ion,  80. 

Frei/trJfi  C\  in  ."vi'^land,   is   bounded 


N  by  .Fenniylvania,  W  and  N  W  by  Waili- 
ington,  E  by  Baltimore,  and  S  W  by  Po- 
:  towmack  R  On  tlie'Monocacy  R.  and 
its  branches  arc  about  37  grifl  mills,  a 
furnace,  iion  foig.-,  and  a  glafs  manufac- 
tory, caiicd  the  i'av.:\  glafs  works,  which 
are  in  a  thriving  ftite.  This  county  is 
more  than  30  n.ties  each  way,  reckoning 
from  the  <xt:c:r:e  parts,  and  is  divided 
into  12  towns  aiid  villages.  The  Cotoc- 
tiny  mountain  extends  from  the  Potow- 
mack  in  a  N  direction  thr.ough  this  coun- 
ty iato  i'cBafylTSiiiia,  between  the  South 
Biountaia 


FRE 


FRE 


mountain  and  Monocacy  Creek  ;  the 
caftern  parts  are  generally  level.  It  con- 
tains 30,791  inhabitants,  including  3641 
flaves.  The  lands  of  this  county  are  gen- 
erally rich,  producing  vs'heat,  rye,  barley, 
corn,  hemp  and  flax.  Mines  of  copper 
have  been  difcovsred.  It  convHiiis  about 
537,600  acres.  Chief  town,  Frederick- 
town. 

Brederich  Cj.  in  Virginia,  Is  bounded  N 
by  Berkley,  S  by  S]ian?.ndoah,  W  by 
Hamplliire,  and  E  by  Shanandoali  R. 
which  fcparaCes  it  from  Loudon  co.  Ic  is 
30  mdcs  in  lenoth,  and  ao  in  breadth,  and 
contains  16,^57  white  inhabit^.nvS,  and 
5 1 18  flaves.  Iron  ore  is  found  here  ia 
great  plenty  ;  ar^d  works  have  been  creel- 
ed which  produce  160  tons  of  bar  iron, 
^nd  650  tons  of  pig,  annually.  In  one 
year  300  tons  of  bar  iron  were  nnanufac- 
tured.  Pots  and  other  utenfils,  caft  thin- 
ner than  ufual  of  this  iron,  may  be  fafeiy 
thrown  into  or  out  of  the  waggon,  in 
which  they  are  tranfporred.  Both  this 
and  Berkley  CO.  has  a  good  foil.  Between 
the  waters  of  Cpcckan  creek  and  the 
Shanandoah  is  the  richcit  limcflone  land 
in  the  caftern  paris  of  the  ftate.  Near 
the  North  Mountain  in  this  county  is  a 
curious  cave,  by  fome  called  Zaney^s  Cwoe. 
Its  entrance  is  on  the  top  of  an  eitendve 
ridge.  You  def'cend  50  or  40  feet  as  into 
a  well,  from  whence  the  cave  then  ex- 
tends, nearly  horizontally,  400  feet  into 
the  earth,  preferving  a  breadth  of  from 
20  to  50  feet,  and  a  height  of  from  5 
to  iz  feet.  After  entering  t'lis  cave  a 
few  feet,  the  mercury,  which,  in  tlie  open 
air,  Avas  at  50,  rofe  to  57  of  Falirenhcit's 
thermometer.  After  this  may  be  added 
the  Natural  Well  on  the  lands  of  Mr. 
Lewis.  It  is  fomewhat  larger  than  a 
common  well,  and  rifes  as  near  the  fur- 
face  of  the  earth  as  in  the  neighbouring 
artificial  wells  ;  and  is  of  a  depth,  as  yet 
unknown.  It  is  ufed  with  a  bucket  and 
windlafs  as  an  ordinary  well.  It  is  faid 
there  is  a  current  in  it  tending  fenfibly 
downwards.     Ch»ef  town,  Winchefler. 

Frederick  Houfe,  a  trading  ftation  in  U. 
Canada,  on  the  head  water  of  Abbitibbe 
R.     N  lat.  48  35,  W  Ion.  2,1  6. 

Fredc-rick^  a  fort  in  Wafliiugton  co.  Ma- 
ryland, lituated  on  the  N  E  bank  of  Po- 
towmack  R.  near  the  S  line  of  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Frederick,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
eo.  Pennfylvania.     It  has  697  inhabitants. 

Frederick,  a  town  on  the  N  fide  of  Saf- 
fafra*  Pv.  ia  Cccii  co.  Maryland,  aad  fep-  J 


I  arated  by  that  river  from  George  Towh, 
j  Kent  CO.     It  lies  6  miles  S  W  of  Warwick, 
and    14  E  of  Grove  point  in  Chefapeak 
he.j.     N  lat.  39  12  30. 

frcdrr'ck  Point,  in  U.  Can?d2,  IS  on  th« 
W  iidc  of  Kinglhm  harbour,  and  on  t^c 
W  fide  of  Haldaniand  cove,  which  is  made 
by  it  and  Point  Henry.  Smyth. 

Frtdirid'jhi'.r^h,  a  port  tovv'n  in  Spotfyl- 
van-a  co.  Virginia,  on  the  S  W  bank  of 
Rappahannock  river,  no  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  Chefapeak  bay.  It  is  an  incor- 
porated town,  and  regularly  laid  out  into 
fcveral  ftrcctS;  the  chief  of  which  runs 
parallel  with  the  river,  and  in  all  con- 
tains about  300  houfes,  two  tobacco  ware- 
houfid,  arid  fevcral  ftorcs  of  well  aflbrted 
goods.  Its  public  buildings  are  an  Epif- 
copal  church,  an  academy,  court  houfc 
and  gaol.  It  is  a  place  of  confiderable 
trade,  and  contains  about  2000  inhabit- 
ants. A  forge  in  this  neighbourhood 
msde,  fome  time  ago,  about  300  tons  of 
bar  iron  in  a  year,  from  pigs  imported 
from  Maryland.  It  is  50  miles  S  S  W  of 
Alexandria,  68  N  by  E  of  Richmond,  loa 
G  W  of  Baltin-iorc,  and  205  S  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia.    N  lat.  3S  22,  W  Ion.  77  2>(^. 

Fre'^ericijlurgh  ToivTiJlip,  in  the  county 
of  Lenox,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of 
Erneft  Town,  in  the  bay  of  Quinte. 

FreJirick,  a  townlliip  in  Dutchefs  co. 
N.  l''ork,  which  contains  1661  inhabitants, 
between  Franklin  and  Philliptown. 

Fredcrickton,  ?.  confiderable  townfliip  ia 
the  province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  90  miles  up 
St.  John's  R.  which  is  thus  far  navigable 
for  (loops. 

Fredericktotvn,  a  port  town  of  Maryland, 
and  capital  of  Frederick  co.  fituatcd  on 
both  fides  of  Carrolls'  creek,  a  fmall  ftrcam 
that  empties  intoMonocacy  R.  over  which 
are  two  bridges.  Tlie  ftrects  arc  regularly 
laid  out,  interfering  each  other  at  right 
angles.  The  dwelling  houfes,  chiefly  of 
fioiie  and  brick,  are  about  700  in  number, 
piany  of  which  ar-?  handfome  and  com- 
modious. 'Fhe  public  edifices  are,  one 
church  for  Prefl^yterians,  two  for  German 
Lutherans  and  Calvinifl:s,  and  one  for 
Baptifl:s,an  elegant  court  houfe,  a  gaol,  and 
a  brick  market  houfe.  It  is  a  very  flour- 
ifliing  tov/n,  and  has  confiderable  trade 
with  the  back  country.  The  Etna  glafs 
works  are  fituated  4  miles  above  the  town, 
on  Tuikaroia  creek.  Frederic ktown  is  4 
miles  E  of  Coto<5lin  mountain,  47  W  by 
N  of  Baltimore,  24  E  of  Sharpfburg.  and 
T48  S  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia.     N  lat. 

3924. 

Freebotd, 


FRE 


Vk2 


x'r.'fLoId,  a  pofl:  tuwn  in  Monmouth  co. 
N.  Jcrfey,  1.5  miles  W  of  Slirewiljury,  and 
tO'  S  E  by  S  of  New  Brunfwick.  In  th'i^ 
toivn  was  fought  the  obftinate  battle  call- 
ed the  Monmoutii  l).in,!e,  on  the  28t!i  oi 
June,  1778.  See  Monfronth.  There  is  an 
academy  in  this  town.  Freehold  con- 
tained, in  1790,  3785  inhabitaals.  Sec 
Upper  Freehold. 

Freehold^  a  port  town  in  Green  co.  N. 
York,  containing  3812  inhabitants. 

Frceport,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  at  the  head  of  Cafco  bay  ;  adjoin- 
ing to  Durham  on  the  M  E,  and  to  North 
Yarmouth  on  the  S  V/ ;  about  10  miles 
N  E  of  Portland,  140  N  by  E  of  Bofton, 
and  dlK  N  E  of  Wafliington.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1789,  and  contains  1330 
inhabitants.  A  mine  of  filver  ?nd  lead, 
it  is  faid,  has  been  difcovered  in  this  town. 

Freefone  Gap^  a  place  fo  calltd  in  Ten- 
cflee,  25  miles  from  Haw':in's  court  hcufe, 
and  2iS  fro'"  Cumberland  mountain. 

FrerfoTvrr,  a  thriving  townfliip  in  Eriflol 
CO.  MafTachufetts,  incorporated  in  1683, 
contains  ^S'^!;  inhabitants,  and  lies  45 
miles  foutherly  of  Bofton.  The  fouthern 
part  of  this  town  has  been  incorporated 
lately  into  a  new  town,  by  the  name  of 
Fall  R'yjer^  which  fee. 

French,  a  confiderable  river  in  MafTa- 
chufetts, has  its  fource  in  a  fmall  pond, 
on  the  borders  of  Leicefter  and  Spencer, 
in  Worceftcr  co.  and  runs  through  Ox- 
ford and  joins  Quinebauge  R.  inThomp- 
fon  town{liip,in  Conneaicut.  It  derives 
its  name  from  tlie  French  Proteflants,  who 
obtained  a  fettlcment  in  the  town  of  Ox- 
ford, after  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of 
Nantz,  in  1685. 

French  America.  The  only  part  of  the 
continent  which  the  French  nation  pof- 
fefPed  fome  vears  fince,  war.  the  diftridl  or 
province  of  Cayenne,  and  tlie  i/land  of  the 
fame  name  on  its  coafl,  in  S.  America.  In 
the  W.  Indies  the  French  claimed  the  fol- 
lowing jilands,  to  which  the  reader  is  re- 
ferred for  a  particidar  defcriptlon  :  St. 
Ihmifigo,  or  Hifpaniola,  Cuadaloupe,  St. 
J.ucir^    Tohtigo,    St.    Burthnlunrciv,    Dcfeada^ 

■AtidiMnrinalante.  The  French  were  among 
the  \-?Vi  nations  who  made  fettlcmcnts  in 
the  W.  Indie?;  ;  but  they  made  ample 
amends  by  the  vigour  with  which  they 
purfiied  tliem,and  by  that  chain  of  judic- 
ious and  admirable  meafures  which  they 
ufed,  in  drawing  from  them  every  advan- 
tage that  the  nature  of  the  climate  would 
yield,  and  in  contending  ag'^infl^  the  diiH- 
culties  which  it  threw  in  their  way. 


French  Broad,  a  navigable  river  In  tiffc 
Tenefi'ce,  which  rifes  on  the  S  E  fide  of 
'he  Great  Iron  and  Bald  mountains,  ift 
N  Carolina,  It  is  formed  by  two  main. 
ltr.urjiics,  whicli  rcct  A'e  feverai  flreams 
in  their  cou:-ie.  i'hefc  uii'te  about  58 
miles  from  the  fource  of  the  Nolachucky, 
the  eaftern  branch  ;  thence  it  flows  N 
wefttrly  about  25  miles,  and  joins'  the 
Holfton  ir  miles  above  Knoxville,  and  is 
4  or  500  yards  wide.  The  navigation  of 
this  branch  is  much  interrupted  by  rocks, 
as  is  alfo  the  TcnefTee  branch,  whicli 
joins  the  main  river  50  miles  below  this. 
A  large,  clear,  medicinal  fpring,  faid  to 
be  efiicacious  in  curing  many  difeafcs,  has 
been  lately  difcovered  on  the  waters  of 
this  river,  about  30  miles  in  a  direcl  line 
from  its  mouth.  The  water  is  fo  hot, 
that  a  patient  at  lirO:  going  into  it  can 
fcarcely  fupport  it.  Nearer  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  a  valuable  lead  mine  has 
been  difcovered. 

French  Creek,  a  N  wefbern  v.'ater  of  Al- 
leghany R.  into  which  it  fali?  along  the 
N  Tide  of  Fort  Franklin,  80  miles  N^by  E 
of  Pittlhurg.  It  affords  the  ncareft  paf- 
lage  to  lake  Erie.  It  is  navigable  with 
fmall  boats  to  Le  Bcuf,  by  a  very  crooked 
channel  ;  the  portage  thence  to  Prefquc 
Ifie,  from  an  adjoining  peninfula,  is  15 
miles.  This  is  the  ufual  route  froni  Que- 
bec to  Ohio. 

French  Lick,  in  TcnefTee,  is  the  name  of 
a  fait  fpring,  near  which  the  town  of 
Nallivilie  now  ftands. 

Frenchman  s  Bay,  lies  on  the  fea  coaft  of 
Lincoln  co.  Maine,  and  is  formed  bv 
Mount  Defert  idand  on  the  wedward,  and 
the  peninfula  of  Goldfoorough  townOiip 
on  the  eafiward.  Round  Mount  Defert 
iiland  it  has  an  inland  circular  communi- 
cation with  Blue  Hill  bay. 

French  River,  in  U.  Canada.  It  i^  very 
irregular  in  its  breadth  and  form,  fo 
crowded  with  i Hands,  that  in  failing  down 
its  current,  the  real  banks  are  feldom^ 
feen.  It  enters  lake  Huron  from  the  N" 
.,E,  inlat.  45  5,"^  N. 

Frenchman  s  Creek,  in  the  COUnty  of  Lin- 
coln, U.  Canada,  difcharges  itfelf  into  the 
river  Niagara,  in  the  townfliip  of  Bertie, 
a  few  miles  below  Fort  Erie.        Smyth. 

French  To-.vn,  \\\  Cecil  co.  Maryland, 
lies  on  the  E  fide  of  Elk  R.  a  mile  S  of 
Elkron,  from  which  it  is  feparated  by  Elk 
creek.     Elk  ferry  is  6  miles  below  this. 

Frene^'fe  Lake,  a  large  col!ec1:ion  of  wa- 
ter, through  which  St.  John's  R  in  N. 
Brunfwick,   pafles.     la  fome  maps    this 

appear! 


FHO 


FUC 


appears  only  as  a  dilatation  of  the  river  ; 
i'.ur  in  others  it  appears  as  a  large  lake  of 
very  irregular  figure,  and  receiving  con- 
iSderable  ftreams  from  the  circumjacent 
country. 

Friedburg^  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Wachovia,  or  Surry  co.  N.  Carolina. 

Frledland,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Wachovia. 

Frlcdeiifjudtetij  a  Moravian  fettlement, 
whofe  name  lignifies  Tents  of  peace,  on  Suf- 
quehanna  R.  in  Pennfylvania,  about  24 
riiles  belotv  Ticga  Point;  eftablifl^ed  by 
the   United  Brethren   in    1765.     It  then 
coufifted  of  13  Indian  huts,  and  upwards 
of  40  houfes,  built  after  the  European 
manner,  with  a  neat  chapel.     Next  to  the  i 
houfes  the  ground  was  laid  out  in  gar-  j 
dens  ;  and   between  the  fettlement  and  1 
the  river  about  ajo  acres  were  divided 
into  regular  plantations  of  Indian  corn. 

Friedetijladt,  or  Toivti  of  Peace,  a  Mora- 
■Vian  fettlement  which  was  eftabhflied  be- 
tween Great  Beaver  and  Yellow  creeks  ; 
about  40  miles  N  W  of  Pittfburg.  It  was 
abandoned  in  1773. 

Frobijhers  Straits,  Ire  a  little  to  the  north- 
ward  of  Cape  Farewell  and  Weft  Green- 
land, and  were  difcovered  by  Sir  Martin 
Frobiflier.     N  lat.  63,  W  Ion.  42. 

Frogs  Point,  or  Neck,  in  W.  Cheftcr  co. 
N.  York,  lies  on  the  coaft  of  Long  Illand 
found,  9  miles  from  Harlaem  heights. 

Frdn'tinac  €q.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
mn  tke  E  by  the  county  of  Leeds ;  on  the 
S  by  lake  Ontario  ;  on  the  W  by  the  town- 
fliip  of  Erneft,  running  N  24°  W,  until  it 
interfedls  the  Ottawa  or  Grand  R.  and 
thence  defcending  that  river  until  it  meets 
the  N  wefternmoft  boundary  of  the  coun- 
ty of  Leeds.  Smyth. 

Fr&Hfinac,  Fort,  a  fortrefs  in  Canada,  at 
the  head  of  a  fine  bay  or  harbour,  on  the 
N  "W  fide  of  the  outlet  of  lake  Ontario, 
where  all  forts  of  veffels  may  ride  in  fafe- 
ty.  It  is  a  league  from  the  mouth  of  the 
lake,  and  a  fliort  diftance  S  of  Kingfton, 
and  about  300  miles  from  Quebec.  The 
winter  about  this  place  is  much  fliorter 
than  at  Quebec  ;  and  the  foil  is  fo  well 
cultivated,  as  to  produce  all  forts  of  Eu- 
ropean and  Indian  corn ,and  fruits.  Here 
is  one  of  the  moft  charming  profpe(fls 
in  the  world,  during  fpring  and  fum- 
mer.  The  St.  Lawrence  and  the  mouth 
of  lake  Ontario,  contain  a  number  of 
beautiful  and  fertile  iflands  of  different 
magnitudes,  and  well  wooded,  and  the 
bay  often  prefents  to  the  view  veffels  at 
anchor,  and  other*  pafling  to  and  from  the 
Vol,  I>  Y 


lake.  But  the  misfortune  is,  that  the  ad-* 
vantageous  communication  between  thii 
lake,  Montreal  and  Quebec,  is  fomcwhat 
difficult  and  dangerous,  on  account  of  the 
river  being  full  of  rocks  and  water  falls. 
This,  together  with  the  ambufcades  of  the 
Iroquois  Indians,  induced  the  French  to 
abandon  and  deftroy  the  ftrong  works 
they  had  eredled  here.  This  happened 
in  1689.  After  this  they  retook  and 
repaired  the  place.  At  length  the  Brit- 
illi,  under  Col.  Bradftreet,  took  it  In  1 759, 
to  whom  it  was  confirmed  at  the  peace  in 
1763.  A  river  has  lately  been  furveyed 
by  the  deputy  furveyor  general  of  Cana- 
da, from  its  entrance  into  the  lake  at 
Kenty^  near  Cadaraqui,  to  its  fource  in 
lake  St.  CHe  ;  from  which  there  is  an  eafy 
and  fliort  portage  acrofs  N  W  to  the  N  E 
angle  of  lake  Huron,  and  another  that  is 
neither  long  nor  difficult,  to  the  fouth- 
ward,  to  the  old  fettlement  of  Toronto. 
This  is  a  fliort  route  from  Fort  Frontinac 
to  Michilimackinack.     See  Kujgjlon. 

Front  Royal,  z  town  in  Frederick  co. 
Virginia,  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  S 
E  Of  Shenandoah  R.  20  miles  S  of  Win* 
chefter.  It  has  about  90  houfes,  a  Pref- 
byterlan  church  and  one  for  Methodifts. 
A  refpe(5lable  grammar  fchool  is  kept 
here. 

Froivfuck  Channel,  or  the  Gut  of  Canfoi, 
a  ftrait  between  Nova  Scotia  and  Cape 
Breton  ifiand,  5  French  leagues  long,  and 
one  broad. 

Fryduffrins  a  townfllip  in  Cheftcr  CO. 
Pennfylvania. 

Frying  Pan,  a  dangerous  flioal,fo  called 
from  its  form.  It  lies  at  the  entrance  of 
Cape  Fear  R.  in  N.  Carolina  ;  the  S  part 
Of  it  is  in  N  lat.  t,^  32,  6  miles  from  Cape 
Fear  pitch,  and  24  S  E  by  S  from  the 
light  houfe  on  Bald  Head. 

Frying  Pan  Ifiand,  in  Muddy  lake,  U.  Can- 
ada, to  the  northward  of  Pointe  de  Toiir. 

Fryburgh,  a  poft  town,  pleafantly  fitu- 
ated  in  York  co.  Maine,  in  a  bend  of  Saccj 
river.  It  was  incorporated  in  1777,  has 
a  flourifliing  academy,  and  contains  447 
inhabitants.  This  is  the  ancient  Indian, 
village  Pigwaket,  through  which  the  up- 
per part  of  Saco  meanders  ;  60  miles 
from  the  fea,  and  120  N  by  E  of  Bofton. 
N  lat.  44  2,  W  Ion.  70  47  30. 

Fuca,  Straits  of  Juan  de,  lie  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  N.  America.  The  entrance  lies 
between  Cape  Flattery  on  the  S  fide,  in 
N  lat.  48  25,  W  Ion.  124  52,  to  the  op- 
pofite  coaft  of  the  Quadras  ifles,  in  N 
Ut  42  J 3  3»«  it  communicates  with 
Pintard'* 


GAG 


GAL 


?5intard's  found,  and  thus  forms  Quadras 
ifles  ;  in  the  S  eaftem  coaft  of  which  lies 
Nootka  found.  See  Pintard''s found.  The 
Spaniads,  jealous  of  their  right  to  the 
American  coall:,  eftabliilicd  a  fcttlement 
at  this  place. 

Fuego.      See  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Full  Moon  Shoal.      See  Hatteras. 

Fundy^  a  large  bay  in  N.  America,  which 
opens  between  the  iflands  in  Penobfcot 
bay,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  and  Cape  Sa- 
ble, the  S  v/eftern  point  of  Nova  Scotia. 
It  extends  about  200  miles  in  a  N  E 
direction  ;  and  with  Vertc  bay,  which 
puflies  into  the  land  in  3  S  W  direc- 
tion from  the  ftraits  of  Northumberland, 
forms  a  very  narrow  ifthmus,  which 
unites  Nova  Scotia  to  the  continent ;  and 
where  the  divifion  line  runs  between  that 
province  and  New  Brunfwick.  From  its 
mouth  up  to  Paffamaquoddy  bay,  on  its 
N  W  fide,  fituated  between  the  province 
of  New  Brunfwick  and  the  diftrid:  of 
Maine,  are  a  number  of  bays  and  iflands 
on  both  lides,  and  thus  far  it  contrad:s  its 
breadth  gradually.  It  is  12  leagues  acrofs 
from  St.  John's  in  New  Brunfwick,  to  the 
Gut  of"  Annapolis,  in  Nova  Scotia ;  where- 
the  tides  are  rapid,  and  rife  30  i^tt. 
Above  this  it  prefcrves  nearly  an  equal 
breadth,  until  Its  waters  are  formed  into 
two  arms,  by  a  peninfula,  the  wcftern 
point  of  which  is  called  Cape  Chigneclo. 
At  the  head  of  the  N  eaftern  arm,  called 
Chigneclo  channel,  which,  with  bay  Verte 
forms  the  ifthmus,  the  tides  rife  60  fett. 
In  the  Balin  of  Minas,  which  is  the  E 
arm  or  branch  of  this  bay,  the  tides  rife 
40  feet.  Thefc  tides  are  fo  rapid  as  to 
•vcrtake  animals  feeding  on  the  fuore. 

Funkjloiuit,   See  Jernfuler/i, in  MAry'iMxd. 


isrABARON,  a  bay  on  the  S  W  of  Lou- 
ilbourg,  in  the  iiland  of  Cape  Breton. 

Gahori,  a  bay  on  the  S  £  coafl-  of  Cape 
Breton  ifland.  The  entrance  into  it, 
which  is  not  more  than  20  leagues  from 
the  iiles  of  St.  Pierre,  is  between  iflands 
and  rocks  about  a  league  in  breadth. 
The  bay  is  1  leagues  deep,  and  afFoi-ds 
good  anchorage, 

Gabriel,  St.  an  ifiand  in  the  great  river 
La  Plata,  S.  America,  difcovered  by  Se- 
baftian  Cabot,  in  the  year  1536. 

Guihpas,  an  Indian  tribe,  formerly  in 
alliance  with  the  Dcla wares. 

Ga^e  TJlimd,  in  the  county  of  Ontario,  U. 
^nadaj'lies  off  Kingftou  ia  lake  Ontario, 


between  Amhcrft  ifland  and  Wolfe  ifland 

Gage''s  Toivn,  a  fettlement  in  Sunbury 
CO.  New  Brunfwick ;  on  the  lands  grant- 
ed to  Gen.  Gage,  on  the  W  fide  of  St. 
John's  R.  on  the  northern  fhore  of  the 
bay  of  Fundy.  The  general's  grant  con- 
fifts  of  20,000  acres  of  land  ;  the  upland 
of  which  is  in  general  very  bad.  There 
is  fome  intervale  on  the  river  fide,  on 
which  are  a  few  fettlcrs  ;  exclufivc  of 
thefe  fettlements,  there  is  very  little  good 
land  of  any  kind. 

Giilen,  a  military  townfhip  in  Ononda- 
go  CO.  N.  York,  fituated  on  Canandarqua 
creek,  12  miles  N  W  of  the  N  end  of  Cay- 
uga lake,  and  13  S  by  E  of  Great  Sodus> 
It  is  bounded  S  by  Junius. 

GiileL'f  an  ifland  at  the  E  end  of  lake 
Ontario,  and  in  the  ftate   of  N.  York,  5 
miles   S  wtt!:vv'ard  of  Roebuck  iiland,   5 
northerly  of  Point  Gaverfe,  and  31  S  E  ' 
of  Point  au  Goclans. 

Giilstte,  La,  a  neck  of  land  in  the  river 
St,  Lawrence,  in  Canada.  From  the  point 
oppofite  to  rifle  de  Montreal,  a  road  might 
be  made  to  Oalette,fo  as  to  fave  40  leagues 
of  navigation,  which  the  falls  render  aI-> 
moftimprac^icable,  and  always  very  te- 
dious. The  land  about  La  Galettc  is  very 
good  ;  and  in  tv.'o  days  time  a  barque 
may  fail  thence  to  Niagara,  with  a  good 
wind.  La  Galette  is  a  league  and  ^  half 
above  the  fall  called  Ics  Galots. 

Galette,  Riviere  a  la  'vielle,  in  U.  Canada, 
runs  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  abm^e 
Ifle  Fort  Levi. 

Galibis,ov  Charaihes,  a  nation  of  Indians 
inhabiting  near  New  Andalufia,  in  S. 
America  ;  from  which  the  Charaibcs  of 
the  W.  Indies  are  thought  to  be  defcendcd. 

Galicia,  an 'audience  in  Old  Mexico  or 
New  Spain,   containing  feven  provinces,  - 
Guadalaxera  is  the  capital  city, 

Galipago  IJles,  the  name  of  feverr.l  unin-- 
habited  ifles  in  the  South  Sea,  on  both 
fides  the  equator,  not  far  from  the  coaft 
of  Terra  Firma  ;  belonging  to  Spain. 
They  lie  between  3  N,  and  4  S  lat.  and 
between  83  40  and  89  30  W  Ion.  There 
are  only  9  of  them  of  any  confidetable 
fize  ;  fome  of  which  are  7  or  8  leagues 
long,  and  3  or  4  broad.  Dampier  fa\v  14 
or  15  of  them.  The  chief  of  thefe  arc 
Norfolk,  ncarefl:  the  continent,  Wenmorc 
among  the  N  wefternmoft,  and  Albemarle 
the  we{ternmofl:  of  all.  A  number  of 
fmall  ifles  lie  W  from  thefe,  on  both  fides 
the  equator  ;  one  of  which,  Gallego  I.  lies 
in  the  ift  degree  of  N  lat.  and  102  of  \V 
Ign,     r^lanv  Ja  tiiefe  ifles  arc  well  wood- 


GAL 


CA^ 


edjsnd  fomc  have  a  deep  Mack  mould. 
Vaft  quantities  of  the  fintll  turtle  are  to 
be  found  among  ihefe  iflands,  where  they 
.live  the  greatefl  part  of  the  year;  yet 
they  are  faid  to  go  from  thence  over  to 
the  main  to  lay  their  eggs,  which  is  at 
fleafl  100  leagues  diftant. 

Gallan,  Si.  .3.  fmall  illand  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  in  lat.  14  S,  5  miles  N  of  the  high 
land  Jl^orro  Feijo,  or  Old  Man's  Head  ; 
>b"twecn  which  ifland  and  the  high  land, 
is  a  moft  eligible  ftation  to.cruife  for  vel- 
fcls  bound  for  Callao,  N.  or  S. 

Gjliia,  a  county  in  the  flatc  of  Ohio. 

Gallatin,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 1078  iniiabitants,  276  are  ilaves. 

Gallatin,  a  poft  town  of  Sumpter  co. 
TenciTee,  714  miles  Why  S  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Galliopolis,  a  poft  town  in  the  ftate  cf 
Ohio,  lituated  on  a  bend  of  the  Ohio  R. 
and  nearly  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of  the 
-Great  Kanhaway.  It  is  faid  to  contain 
about  100  houfes,all  inhabited  by  French 
.people.  In  Nov.  1796,  many  of  the  in- 
habitants fell  victims  to  the  yellow  fever, 
generated,  as  was  fuppofed,by  the  unufual 
filthinefs  of  the  place.  [Elicotf.]  It  is  140 
miles  caftward  of  Columbia,  300  S  V/  of 
ipittfturg,  and  559  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
J^  lat.  39  2,  W  Ion.  83  9.  This  town  is 
faid  to  be  on  the  decline,  their  right  to 
the  lands  not  being  fufEciently  fecured. 

Galofs,  the  lowefl  of  the  falls  on  tlie 
river  St.  Lawrence  in  Canada.  Between 
the  neck  of  land  la  Galette  and  les  Galots 
is  an  excellent  country,  and  no  where  can 
there  be  fecn  finer  forcfts. 

Galofs,  I'ijle  aux,  an  iiland  in  the  river 
St,  Lawrence,  in  Canada;  3  leagues  be- 
yond ride  aux  Chevres,  in  N  lat.  4^  33. 

Gfillo,  an  ifiand  in  the  province  of  Po- 
.payan,  S.  America,  in  Niat.  2  .40.  Capt. 
Dampier  fays  it  is  fituated  in  a  deep  bay, 
and  that  off  this  ifland  there  is  net  above 
4  or  5  fathom  water ;  but  at  Segnetta, 
■which  is  on  the  N  fide,  a  vefTcl  may  ride 
in  deep  water,  free  from  any  danger. 
The  ifland  is  high,  provided  with  wood 
and  good  water,  and  having  good  landy 
bays)  where  a  fliip  mav  be  cleaned.  Aifo, 
the  name  of  an  ifland  of  the  South  fea, 
near  the  coafl  of  Peru,  which  was  thefirft 
place  pofleflcd  by  the  Spaniards,  when 
they  attempted  the  couquefl:  of  Peru. 

Gallotvay.,  a  townfliip  in  Gloucefler  co. 
■N.  Jerfey. 

Gakvay,  a  pofl  town  in  the  county  of 
Saratoga,  N  York.  It  has  2310  inhabit- 
aati.    It  is  W  of  JJallftown. 


Gamhle's  Stafiort,  a  fort  about  12  mliftg 
from  Knoxville,  in  TenefTee. 

Gammon,  Point,  anciently  called  Point 
Gilbert,  by  Goiiiold,  forms  the  eaftern 
fide  of  the  harbour  of  Hyanis  or  Hyennes, 
in  Earnftablc  co.  MafTachuf'etts. 

Gananoque  River,  in  U.  Canada,  difcharg- 
es  itfelf  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in 
the  townfliip  of  Leeds.  As  high  as  the 
fii-ft  rapids,  the  fliore  is  bold,  a!)d  the 
water  deep  ;  there  is  an  excellent  har- 
bour in  the  mouth  of  the  river,  the  water 
is  from  12  to  15  feet  deep  in  the  channel, 
and  the  current  is  very  llow.  This  river 
was  called  the  Thames  before  the  divifion 
of  the  province  of  Quebec. 

Ganarajha  River,  in  U.  Canada,  by  fomc 
called  Petnetefcoutiang,  runs  into  lake 
•Ontario  on  the  N  iide,  caftward  of  Petit 
Efcors,  and  W  of  Pointe  aux  Chevaux. 
From  the  mouth  of  this  river  is  a  carry- 
ing place  of  about  ii  miles,  to  the  Rice 
lake,  through  an  excellent  country  for 
^making  a  road.  Smyth. 

Gannclor,  a  fmall  ifiand  in  the  guif  of 
St.  Lawrence,  in  N  lat.  48,  near  Bird  ifland. 

Garazu,  a  town  in  Brazil,  and  province 
of  Pernambuco,  25  miles  N  of  Olinda. 

Gardiner,  a  poft  town  in  Kennebeck  co, 
Maine,  (late  the  wefterly  part  of  Pittf- 
town)  on  the  W  bank  of  Xenntbeck  R. 

Gardner,  a  townfiup  in  Worcefter  co. 
Maflacliufetts,  incorporated  in  1785.  It 
contains  about  14,000  acres,  well  Vvater- 
ed,  chiefly  by  Octer  R.  and  667  inhabit- 
ants. The  road  from  Conneclicut  river, 
through  Peterfliam,  Gerry,  and  Temple- 
ton  on  to  Bofton,  pafTes  through  it  ;  26 
miles  N  by  W  of  .Worcefler,  and  58  NW 
of  Bofton. 

Gardner-'' s  IJlaiid,  or  T/le  of  Wight,  lies  at 
the  E  end  of  Long  Ifland,  in  N.  York  ftate, 
ftieltered  within  Oyfter  pond,  and  Mon- 
tank  points;  10  miles  N  W  of  the  latter, 
and  as  far  S  W  of  Plumb  iiland.  Ii  con- 
tains about  3000  acres  of  fertile  laud,  the 
property  of  one  perfoii,  and  yields  excel- 
lent grafs,  wheat  and  corn.  '  Fine  flieep 
and  cattle  are  raifed  on  it.  It  is  annexed 
to  E.  Hampton,  and  lies  40  milts  S  weft' 
erly  of  Newport,  Rhode  Ifland. 

Garrard,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  lying 
S  E  of  Madifoa  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  Ken- 
tucky R. 

Gafpc,  or  Gachepe,  a 'bay  and  head  land 
S  of  Florcll  ifle,  which  lies  between  it  and 
Cape  Rofiers,  on  the  E  coaft  of  L.  Canada, 
and  W  fide  of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Gafpee,  a  diftrict,  and  county,  in  L.  Can- 
ada, embracing  the  point  of  land  i>ounded 

by 


GAY 


GEN 


Vy  the  river  and  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  on 
the  N  and  E,  and  the  bay  of  Chaleurs  S 
and  S  W.  The  inhabitants,  confiding  of 
Acadians,  refugee  loyallfts,  anddifbandcd 
fnldiers,  live  chiefly  in  feveral  towns  laid 
out  in  1786,  on  the  N  flipre  of  Chalcur 
bay,  which  fee. 

Gafpee,  or  Namqiilt  Point,  7  miles  S  of 
Providence,  Rhode  I.  projedling  from  the 
weftern  flaore  of  Providence  R.  remarka- 
ble as  being  the  place  where  the  Britiili 
armed  fchooner,  called  the  Gafpee,  was 
burnt,  June  10,  1772,  by  about  60  men 
from  Providence,  painted  like  Narragan- 
fet  Indians.  For  the  caufe  of  this  tranf- 
a<£lion,  fee  Gordon's  Hift.  of  the  Amer, 
Rtv.  vol.  I.  p.  311. 

Gafpefta,  a  trai5l  of  country  on  the  S 
iide  of  the  mouth  of  St.  Lawrence  R.  and 
on  the  N  fide  of  Chaleurs  bay,  in  L.  Can- 
ada. Its  E  extremity  is  Cape  Rofiers. 
The  Indians  called  Gafpefians  inhabit  here. 

Gates  Co.  in  Edenton  caflcrn  diftritEl,  N. 
Carolina,  is  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of 
Virginia,  S  by  Chowan  co.  It  contains 
5881  inhabitants,  including  2688  flaveg. 
At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office,  280 
miles  from  "VVafliington.  Chief  town, 
Hertford. 

Gaully  fifver,  about  the  fize  of  Green? 
briar,  runs  into  the  Kanhav/a  fome  miles 
above  the  falls  on  the  eaftern  fide.  Its 
fource  is  unknown. 

Gay  Head.,  is  a  kind  of  peninfula  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  betwee^i  3  and  4 
xuiles  in  length  and  2  in  breadth,  and  al- 
moft  feparated  from  the  other  part  of  the 
ifland  by  a  large  pond.  The  Indians  in- 
Jiabiting  this  part,  when  lately  numbered, 
amounted  to  203.  The  foil  is  good,  and 
only  requires  cultivation  to  produce  mod 
vegetables  in  perfection.  There  are  evi- 
dent marks  of  there  having  been  volca- 
noes formerly  on  this  peninfula.  The 
marks  of  4  or  5  craters  are  plainly  to  be 
feen.  The  moft  foutherly  and  probably 
themoft  ancient,  as  it  is  grown  over  with 
grafs,  now  called  the  Devil's  Den,  is  at 
leafl  20  rods  over  at  the  top,  14I  at  the 
bottom,  and  full  130  feet  at  the  fides,  ex- 
cept that  which  is  next  the  fea,  where  it 
is  open.  A  man  now  alive  rel^ttes,  that 
his  mother  could  remember  when  it  was 
common  to  fee  a  light  upon  Gay  Head  in 
the  night  time.  Others  fay,  their  anccfters 
have  told  them  that  the  whalemen  ufcd  to 
guide  thcmfelres  in  the  night  by  the  lights 
that  were  feen  uponGay  Head.  The  lea 
has  made  fuch  encroachments  here,  that, 
v/ithin  3p  years,  it  has  (wept  oiF  ij  or  so 


rods,  the  extremity  of  Gay  Head  is  the  % 
W  point  of  the  Vineyard.  N  lat.  41  20, 
W  Ion.  from  Greenwich  70  50. 

Gee's  Bridge,  Bruufwick  CO.  Virgini^. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  211  miles  from  \Valli» 
ington. 

Gekelcmuckpechuenh,  a  town  of  the  Dela^ 
ware  Indians,  oa.  a  creek  of  the  fame 
name,  a  head  water  of  the  Muikingunv 
This  was  the  northernmoft  Moravian  fet- 
tlement  on  Muskingum  river.  It  lies  li 
miles  N  E  l>y  N  of  Salem,  and  78  N  weiV 
erly  of  Pittfburg. 

Gemefs,  a  fort  on  the  river  St.  John*^, 
which  was  taken  by  the  Englifli  in  1674. 

Genefee,  a  townfliip  in  Ontario  co.  1^ 
York,  having  217  ele<5lors. 

Genif-e  Country,  a  large  tract  of  land  m 
the  Hate  of  N.  York,  bounded  N  and  ^ 
W  by  lake  Ontario,  S  by  Pennfylvania, 
E  by  the  \v'tfl;ern  part  of  the  military 
townfliips,  in  Onondago  co.  and  W  l>y 
lake  Erie  and  Niagara  R.  It  is  a  ricbt 
tradt  of  country,  and  well  watered  by 
lakes  and  rivers  ;  one  of  the  latter,  Gen- 
efee  R.  gives  name  to  this  tra6t.  It  is 
generally  flat,  the  rivers  fluggifli,  the  foil 
inoift,  and  the  lakes  numerous. 

Gernffee  R.  rifes  in  Pennfylvania,  near 
the  fpot  which  is  the  highefl:  ground  in 
that  flate,  where  the  eafteriimofl:  water  of 
Alleghany  riyer,  and  Pine  creek,  a  water 
of  Sufquehanna,  and  Tioga  R.  rife.  Fifty 
miles  from  its  fource  there  are  falls  of  40 
feet,  and  5  from  its  mouth  of  75  feet,aii4 
a  little  above  that  of  96  feet.  Thefe  falls 
furnifh  excellent  mill  feats,  which  are  im- 
proved by  the  inhabitants.  After  a  courfc 
of  about  100  miles,  moftly  N  E  by  N,  it 
empties  into  lake  Ontario,  4^  miles  E  oi' 
Irondequat,  or  Rundagut  bay,  and  80  F) 
from  Niagara  falls.  The  fettlements  on 
Gcneflee  R.  from  its  mouth  upwards,  ar<j 
Northfield,  Northampton,  Hartford,  Gen- 
eflee,  and  Williamfburgh.  The  laft  men- 
tioned place,  it  is  probable,  will  foon  be 
the  feat  of  extenfive  commerce.  There 
will  not  be  a  carrying  place  between  N. 
York  city  and  Williamfburgh,  when  the 
weftern  canals  and  locks  ihall  be  complet- 
ed. The  carrying  places  at  prefent  are 
as  follows,  viz.  Albany  to  Schene(5lady  16 
miles,  from  the  head  of  the  Mohawk  to 
Wood  creek  i,  Ofwego  falls  2,  Geneflee 
falls  2;  fo  that  there  are  but  21  miles 
land  carriage  necefiary,  in  order  to  con- 
vey commodities  from  a  trael  of  country 
capable  of  maintaining  feveral  millions 
of  people.  The  famous  Geneflee  flats  liq 
on  the  borders  of  this  river.    They  are 

?ibouE 


GEN 


GEO 


about  20  miles  long,  and  about  4  wide  ; 
the  ibil  is  remarkably  rich,  quite  clcnr  of 
trees,  producing  grafs  near  lo  feet  higli. 
They  are  moftiy  the  property  of  the  In- 
dians. 

Gem^ee  Co.  is  bounded  N  by  lake  On- 
tario, W  by  Niagara  R.  and  lake  Erie,  S 
by  Pennfylvauia,  E  by  the  counties  of 
I'ioga  and  Onondago.  It  embraces  the 
counties  of  Ontario,  Steuben,  and  Gcnef- 
lee,  and  contained,  in  i8co,  upwards  of 
17,000  fouls.  In  the  year  1789,  Mcllrs. 
Gorham  and  Phelps  bought  ■z,200,ooo 
acres  of  land  in  this  tra(5l,  remarkable  for 
its  natural  advantages,  its  fertile  foil,  and 
mild  climate.  It  is  finely  watered  by  the 
GenefTee  river  and  its  tributary  ftreams, 
alfo  by  Rundagut,  EHnt,  Mud  and  Sal- 
mon creeks,  and  by  a  great  number  of 
fine  lakes,  fome  of  which  are  from  20  to 
40  miles  in  length.  The  S  part  of  this 
coumtry  is  watered  by  feveral  branches  of 
the  Sufquehanna,  fuch  as  the  Conho(5ton, 
Canifteo,  Tufcarora,  and  Cananifque,  all 
of  which  are  navigable  from  March  to 
July.  In  1790,  this  country  contained 
only  960  fouls.  A  company  of  Holland- 
ers have  made  a  large  purchafe  in  this 
country.  See  Buta-via.  The  oak  open- 
ings or  plains  in  this  country  are  a  great 
curiofity.  They  are  level,  two  or  three 
miles  in  extent  each  way,  and  have  pnly 
a  few  large  oaks  fcattered  over  them,  the 
under  growth  confifts  of  flirub  oaks, 
hickory,  vines,  flowers,  and  long  grafs. 
Thefe  openings,  but  on  a  piore  extenf^tve 
fcale,  extend  far  to  the  S  W,  and  with  the 
fortifications  found  with  them,  evince 
that  this  country  has  been  formerly  fet- 
tled by  a  people  more  civilized  than  the 
prefent  race  of  Indians.        Greiv's  MS. 

GeneJJce  Co.  is  large,  embracing  the  wcfl- 
crn  part  of  the  ftate  of  N.  York.  See  the 
above  article. 

Geneva^  a  lake  in  U.  Canada,  which 
forms  the  W  extremity  of  lake  Ontario; 
to  which  it  is  joined  by  a  fliort  and  nar- 
row (trait. 

Geneva,  a  port  town  in  Ontario  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  great  road  from  Albany  to 
Niagara,  fuuated  on  the  bank  of  the  N  W 
corner  of  Seneca  lake,  about  74  miles  W 
of  Oneida  caftle,  and  92  W  of  Whitef- 
town.  The  Friends  fettlement  lies  about 
18  miles  below  this.  It  has  nearly  ico 
houfes,  fome  of  them  handfome,  a  hotel 
52  feet  fquare,  3  ftories  high.  They  re- 
ceive their  water  in  pipes,  from  a  fpring 
3  milediftant.  A  printing  office  was  ef- 
tablillied  here  in  17^6,  where  a  cewfpa- 


per  is  publilLcd,  fupportcd.  In   1798,  by 
more  than  loco  fubfcribers. 

G^evienje,  St.  or  Mijfne^  a  village  iii 
Louiiiana,  on  the  weltcrn  bank  of  the 
Milhfippi,  nearly  oppoiite  to  the  village 
of  Kalkaflcias,  iz  miles  foutherly  of  Fort 
Chartres,  65  miles  below  St.  Louis.  A%. 
this  place  is  a  regular  quadrangular  llock- 
adc,  capable  of  being  defended  by  4C0 
men.  The  militia  here  amount  to  about 
180.  It  contained,  about  20  years  ago, 
upwards  of  100  houfes,  and  460  inhabit-* 
ants,  befide  negroes. 

Geiiito  Bt'uige,  Powhatan  co.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  pod  office,  166  miles  from  Walb- 
ington. 

George's^  St.  a  cape  and  iflands  nearly 
oppohte  to  the  river  Apalachicola,  on  tJic 
coafl:  of  E.  Florida.  Cape  St.  George's  lies 
abput  6  leagues  to  the  eaftward  of  Cajie 
Blaize,  being  an  elbow  of  the  largeft  of  St. 
George's  iflands,  in  N  kt.  29  38.  There 
is  a  large  fliqal  running  out  from  it  a 
confiderable  way,  but  how  far  has  not  yet 
been  afcertaincd.  The  coafl:  between  it 
and  Cape  Blaize,  forms  a  kind  of  hollow 
bay,  with  deep  foundings  and  a  foft  bot- 
tom. There  are  two  iilands  to  the  N  \Y 
of  St.  George's  cape  ;  that  neareft  to  it 
is  fmall,  and  remarkable  for  a  clump  of 
ftraggling  trees  on  the  middle  of  it ;  the 
other  is  pretty  large,  and  of  a  triangular 
form,  and  reaches  within  3  leagues  of 
Cape  Blaize,  having  a  paflage  at  each  end 
of  it  for  fmali  craft  into  the  bay,  between 
thefe  iflands  and  the  river  Apalachicola  ; 
but  this  bay  is  full  of  ilioals  and  oyftcr 
banks,  and  not  above  two  or  three  feet 
water  at  moft,  in  any  of  the  branches  of 
that  river. 

George,  Fort,  was  fituated  on  Point  Com- 
fort, at  the  mouth  of  James  R.  and  5  miles 
N  E  of  Craney  ifland,  at  the  mouth  of 
Elis;abeth  R.  in  Virginia.     See  Comfort. 

George,  Fort  King,  an  ancient  iort  in 
Georgia,  which  flood  5  miles  N  E  of  the 
town  of  Darien,  in  I^iberty  co.  fituated  aC 
the  head  of  a  creek  which  flows  into  the 
ocean  oppofite  Sapelo  I.    It  is  now  in  ruiu'^, 

George,  Lake,  in  E.  Florida,  is  a  dilata- 
tion of  the  river  St.  Juan,  or  St.  John,  and 
called  alfo  Great  Lake.  It  is  about  15 
miles  wide,  and  generally  about  15  or  20 
feet  deep,  excepting  at  the  entrance  of 
the  river,  where  lies  a  bar,  which  carries 
8  or  9  feet  water.  The  lake  is  beautified 
with  two  or  three  fertile  iflands.  The 
largeft  is  about  2  miles  broad,  and  com- 
mands a  moft  delightful  and  extenfiva 
proi'pe^5t  of  the  waters,  if  ands,  E  and  W 


GEO 


GEO 


'fcores  of  the  lake,  the  cape?,  the  bay  and 
•Jnouin  Royal  ;  and  to  the  S  the  view  is 
^try  cxteufivc.  Here  are  evident  marks 
^*  a  large  town  of  the  aborigines,  and  the 
i^aud  appears  to  have  been  ouce  llie  chof- 
€■"  I'clidcnce  of  an  Indian  prince.  On  the 
.f<-"ite  of  this  ancient  town  ftands  a  very 
pompous  Indian  mount,  or  conical  pyra- 
mid of  earth,  from  which  runs  in  a  iU'aight 
line,  a  grand  avenue  or  Indian  highway, 
through  a  magnificent  grove  of  magno- 
lias, Hve  oaks,  pahns  and  orange  trees, 
terminating  at  the  verge  of  a  large,  green, 
level  favanna.  From  fragments  dug  up, 
it  appears  to  have  been  a  thickly  inhab- 
ited town.      See  67.  "John  s  river. 

George,  Luke,  lies  to  the  fouthward  of 
lake  Champlain,  and  its  waters  lie  about 
■lOO  feet  higher.  The  portage  between 
the  two  lakes  is  a  mile  and  a  half ;  but 
with  a  fniail  expenfe  might  be  reduced 
to  60  yards;  and  with  one  or  two  locks 
snight  be  made  navigable  through,  for 
tbatteaux.  It  is  a  ipofl:  clear,  beautiful 
,colle(5tion  of  water;  36  miles  long,  and 
from  I  to  7  wide.  It  embofoms  more 
than  200  iflands,  fome  fay  ■iiSs  ;  very  few 
of  which  arc  any  thing  more  than  barren 
rocks,  covered  with  heath  and  a  few  ce- 
dar, fpruce  and  hemlock  trees,  and  flirubs, 
and  abundance  ef  rattlcfnakes.  Qa  each 
fidt  it  is  fkirtcd  by  prodigious  mountains  ; 
from  which  large  quantities  of  red  cedar 
are  annually  carried  to  N.  York  for  fliip 
timber.  The  lake  is  full  of  fiflies,  and 
■fome  of  the  bed  kind,  as  the  black  or  Gf- 
■wego  bafs,  alfo  large  fpecklcd  trouts.  It 
-was  called  lake  facrament  by  the  French, 
•who,  in  former  times,  were  at  the  pains 
to  procure  this  water  for  facramental 
.«fes  in  all  their  churches  in  Canada  : 
ticnce  probably  it  derived  its  name.  The 
remains  of  Fort  George  fland  at  the  S  end 
mf  the  lake,  about  14  miles  N  by  W  of 
'Port  Edward,  on  Hudfon  river.  The 
famous  fort  of  Ticonderoga,  which  ftood 
'On  the  K  fide  of  the  outlet  of  the  lake, 
■where  it  difcharges  its  waters  into  lake 
Champlain,  is  now  in  ruii;s.  See  Cbam- 
pLiin  and  Ticonderoga. 

Georges  Creek,  Alleghany  co  Maryland. 
Here  is  a  poll:  ofiice,  15%  miles  from  Walli- 
ington. 

George,  Lake,  in  U.  Canada,  is  fituated 
below  the  falls  of  5t.  Mary,  and  to  the 
liorthward  of  Muddy  lake  ;  it  is  about  25 
anilcs  long,  and  has  very  fliallow  water. 

George's,  St.  an  ifland  and  parifli  belong- 
ing to  the  Bermuda  ifles,  in  the  W.  Indies. 
3^1  ill,  3  i  45,  W  Ion-  63  30. 


George  s  ^t.  a  large  and  de'ep  bay  on  tlis 
\V  iide  of  Newfoundland  ifland.  N  iat. 
48  12. 

Georg'j's  Bank,  St.  a  fiiliing  bank  in  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  E  of  Gape  Cod,  in  Mafla- 
chufetts.  It  extends  from  N  to  S  betweeft 
41  15,  and  42  22  N  Iat.  aud  between  67 
50,  and  68  40  W  Ion. 

George\t  Key,  St.  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal Ei'itifh  fettlements  in  the  bay  of  Hon- 
duras. It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards 
during  the  American  war,  but  retaken  by 
the  BritiJli  foon  after.  The  Britifli  fet- 
tlements on  the  Mofquito  flaore,  and  la 
the  bay  of  Hoiidupas,  were  furrendered 
to  the  crown  of  Spain,  at  the  Spanifh  con^ 
vention,  figned  at^  London,  the  14th  of 
July,  1786. 

George't  i?.  St.  in  St.  Mary's  co.  MarVi- 
land,  is  a  very  broad  but  fliort  creek, 
whofe  mouth  lies  between  Piney  Point 
and  St.  Mary's  R.  on  the  N  bank  of  the 
Potowmack,  oppofite  the  ifland  of  the 
fame  name. 

George's  R.  St.  in  Lincoln  cg.  Maine,  or 
rather  an  arm  of  the  fea,  lies  about  '2, 
leagues  S  W  of  Penobfcot  bay.  Four 
leagues  from  the  mouth  of  this  river 
(lands  Thomafton.  This  river  is  naviga- 
ble for  brigs  and  fliips  of  a  large  burden  up 
to  the  narrows  ;  and  from  thence  about  4 
miles  higher,  to  nearly  the  head  of  the 
tide,  for  iloops  and  fchooners  of  80  or  90 
tons.  It  is  about  half  a  league  v/ide  up  to 
the  narrows.  Of  late  feveral  confidera?- 
ble  vefTels  have  been  built  in  this  river, 
which  are  employed  in  coafting,  and 
fometimes  in  foreign  voyag-es.  There  are 
410W  owned  in  this  river,though  it  does  not 
in  all  exceed  4  leagues  in  length,  I  brig, 
2  topfail  fchooners,  and  9  floops :  In  all 
about  1 100  tons.  The  navigation,  hovv- 
.evcr,  is  generally  interrupted  in  winter, 
when  not  only  the  ftreams  through  the 
country,  but  the  fait  water  rivers  are 
locked  up  until  fpring.  Fiili  abound  here, 
of  almofl:  all  kinds,  in  their  feafon  ;  and 
even  lobfters,  oyfters.clams,  and  other  del- 
icacies of  the  aqueous  kind,  are  plenty  ini 
this  river. 

George's,  St.  a  village  nearly  in  the  cen-? 
tre  of  Newcaftle  co.  Delaware,  on  9. 
creek  of  its  own  name,  which  falls  into 
Delaware  R.  4  miles  below,  a  little  above 
Reedy  Ifland.  It  is  17  miles  S  by  W  of 
Wilmington,  and  45  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

George's,  St.  the  capital  of  the  ifland  of 
Grenada,  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  formerly  call- 
ed Fort  Royale,  which  name  the  fort  ftili 
retain$.     It  is  iituate.d  oa  a  fpacious  bay. 


at6 


Gt6 


«n  the  W  fide  of  the  ifland,  not  far  from 
the  S.  end,  and  poflefles  one  ot  the  fafeft 
and  moft  commodious  harbours  in  the 
Britifh  W.  Indies,  which  has  lately  been 
fortified  at  a  very  great  expenfe,  and  de- 
clared a  free  port.  This  town  was  deflroy- 
«d  l>y  a  dreadful  fire  in  177 1,  and  on  No- 
vember 1, 1775,  it  met  with  the  like  mif- 
fcrtune  :  and  the  lofs  was  valued  at 
^.,"00,oco.  The  town  now  makes  a  very 
handfome  appearance,  has  a  fpacious 
fquare  or  parade ;  the  houfes  are  built  of 
brick,  and  tiled  or  flated  ;  fome  few  are 
built  of  ftone,  excepting  the  warehoufes 
and  dwelling  houfes  round  the  liarbour, 
which  are  nioftly  woodenbuildings.  Thefe 
are  in  a  great  meafure  feparated  from  the 
town  by  a  very  fteep  and  rocky  hill,  the 
houfeson  which, withthe  treeswhich  ferve 
foriliade,havearomanticappearancc.  The 
town  is  computed  to  contain  about  200  in- 
habitants,niany  of  whom  are  v/ealthy  mer- 
chants. This  was  its  lituation  before  the 
infurre(ftion  of  the  negroes  ;  of  its  prefent 
ftate  we  have  not  authetic  information. 

Geofsretozvn,  the  chief  aiid  pod  town  of 
SuiTex  CO.  Delaware,  is  16  miles  WS  W 
of  l.ewiftown,  and  103  S  of  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  about  30  houfes,  and  has  late- 
iy  been  made  the  feat  oft  he  county  courts. 

GeorgetaiMfi,  a  poft  town  in  Maryland,  In 
Kent  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay, 
of  about  30  houfes.  It  is  9  miles  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Safl'afras,  on  the  S 
fide  oppofite  to  Frederick,  60  N  E  of 
Ghefter,  and  65  S  Wof  Philadelphia. 

Georgetoivn^  a  poft  town  of  Beaver  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Monon- 
gahela  R.  at  the  mou.th  of  George's  creek. 
Here  a  number  of  boats  are  annually 
built  for  the  trade  and  emigration  to  the 
i^eftern  country.  It  lies  i6  miles  S  W  of 
Union. 

Geors;etoivn,  a  poft:  town  and  port  of  en- 
try, in  Montgomerv  co.  Maryland,  and  in 
the  territory  of  Columbia.  It  is  pleafant- 
ly  fituated  on  a  number  of  fmall  hills,  up- 
on the  northern  bank  of  Pctowmack  R. 
bounded  eafliward  by  Rock  creek,  which 
feparates  it  from  Wallaington  city,  and 
h'es  4  miles  from  the  capital,  and  8  N  of 
Alexandria.  It  contains  about  2-50  houf- 
es, feveral  of  which  are  elegant  and  com- 
modious. The  Roman  Catholics  have  ef- 
tabliflied  a  college' here,  for  the  promotion 
of  general  literature,  which  is  at  prefent 
in  a  flourifliing  ftiate.  The  building  be- 
ing found  inadequate  to  contain  the  num- 
Ber  of  ftudents  that  applied,  a  large  ad- 
iQtip^  ha*  beea  made  to  it.     G«orgetown 


carries  on  a  fmall  trade  with  Europe  ani^' 
the  W.  Indies.  The  exports  in  one  year, 
ending  Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to  the 
value  of  128,924  dolts.  It  is  46  miles  S 
Wby  W  of  Baltimore,  and  148  S  W  of 
Philadelphia.     Lat.   38  $^  N.  Ion.  s  3  W. 

Georyeiorvn^  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  is  fit- 
uated on  both  fides  of  Kennebeck  R.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1716,  is  the  oldeft 
town  in  the  county,  and  contains  1534  in- 
habilants.  It  is'  bounded  foutherly  by  the 
ocean,  weflerlv  by  the  towns  of  Elarpf- 
well  and  BruniVick,  N  wcflerly  by  Bath, 
and  eafterly  by  Woolwich  ;  being  entirely 
furrounded  by  navigable  waters,  except- 
ing about  1  miles  of  land,  wxiich  divides 
the  waters  of  Winnagance  creek,  a  part- 
of  tlie  Kennebeck,  from  an  arm  or  influx 
of  Cafco  bay,  called  Stephen's  R.  The' 
entrance  at  the  mouth  of  Kennebeck  R.  ia 
guided  on  the  E  by  Parker's  ifland,  be- 
longing to  this  townflip.  It  contains 
about  28,000  acres  of  land  andfidt  marfl:, 
and  is  inhabited  by  more  than  one  third- 
part  of  the  people  of  the  townfliip.  This 
was  the  fpoi  on  wlucli  the  Europeans  firit 
attempted  to  colonife  New  England,  in  ths^ 
vear  1607.  It  is  a  part  of  what  was  called 
Sagadahock;  and  the  patentees  of  the  Plv'^ 
mouthcompany  began  here  tolay thefoun- 
dation  of  a  great  fiate.  They  fent  over  a 
number  of  civiland  military  officers,  and 
about  100  people.  By  various  misfor- 
tunes they  were  forced  to  give  up  the  fet- 
tlement,  and  in  1608,  the  whole  number 
who  furvived  the  winter  returned  to  En- 
gland. There  was  a  tradition  among  the 
Norridgewalk  Indians,  that  thefe  planters 
invited  a  number  of  the  natives,  \Yho  had 
come  to  trade  with  them,  to  draw  a  fmall 
canon  by  a  rope,  and  that  when  they- 
were  ranged  in  a  line,  the  white  people  dif- 
charged  the  piece,  and  thereby  killed  and 
wounded  feveral  of  them.  The  refent- 
mcnt  of  the  natives  at  this  treacherou* 
murder,  obliged  the  Europeans  tore  im- 
bark  the  next  fummer.  Georgetown  is 
15  miles  S  of  Pownalborough,  and  170  N 
by  E  of  Bofton. 

Georgetoiv)!,  a  poft  town  of  Georgia,  ii«^ 
the  CO  of  Oglethorpe,  50  miles  S  W  of 
Augufta,  furrounded  by  a  poor  country  ; 
but,  neverthelefs,  exhibiting  marks  o& 
growing  profperity. 

Georgetown^  a  large  maritime  diflri(ft  iir 
the  lower  country  of  S  Carolina,  fituated 
in  the  N  E  corner  of  the  ftate.  Horry 
and  il^^n'ow  difirlAshave  lately  been  taken, 
from  this  dlfiriel,  leaving  20,332  inhabit 
itantS)  of  which  16,860  are  flaves. 

Geoigdoi^tff: 


GEO 


CEO 


fy^gy^^ff^vm,  a  pofl;  toAVHj  port  of  cntrv, 
and  capital  of  the  above  diftrict,  is  fituat- 
ed  ou  a  I'pot  near  which  feveral  ftreanis 
tTnite  their  waters,  and  form  a  broad 
fcream  called  Winyaw  bay,  13  miles  from 
the  Tea.  See  Fake  R.  Its  fititation  con- 
necls  it  with  an  extenfive  back  country 
of  both  the  Carolinas,  and  would  be  a 
place  of  vaft  importance,  were  it  not  for  a 
Ijar  at  the  entrance  of  Winyaw  bay, 
\?hich  interrupts  the  entrance  of  velTels 
cirawing  above  1 1  feet  water,  and  is  in  ma- 
ny refpeils  a  dangerous  place.  It  contains 
^  or  400  dwelling  houfes,  built  chiclly  of 
wood.  The  public  buildings  are  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  academy;  4  churches, of 
which  the  Epifcopalians,  Baptiils,  Prefby- 
terians  and  Methodifts  have  one  each.  In 
the  academy,  orphans  and  indigent  Ciiil-* 
drcn  are  educated  gratis.  There  is  here 
a  fmall  trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  1795, 
were  to  the  value  of  21,511  dollars.  It  is 
60  miles  N  r,  by  N  of  Cliarleflou,  127  S  W 
of  Wilmington,  N.  Carolina,  and  681  from 
Philadelphia.    N  lat.  33  24,  W  Ion.  79  35. 

Georgia,  One  of  the  United  Hates  of  N. 
America,  ?s  fituated  between  30  37    and 
35  N  lat.  and  between  80  8  and  91  8  \V  j 
Ion.  bdr>g  about  600  miles  in  length,  and  j 
on  an    average    250   in  breadth.      It   is  j 
bounded  E  by  the   Atlantic  ocean  ;  S  by 
K.  and  W.  Florida  ;  W  by  the  river  Miffi-  j 
fipi  ;  N  E  and   N   by  S.  Carolina  and  the  { 
"i'eneffee  flate.     It  was  formerly  divided 
into  pariilies,  afterwards  into   3  difi;rid:s,  } 
but  lately  into  2  diftritSls,  viz.  Upper  and 
Lower,  which  are  fubdivided  into 24  coun- 
ties as   follow  :     In    the   Lower  diftridl 
are   Camden,  Glynn,  Liberty,   Chatham, 
Bryan,  M'Intofli,  Effingham,  Scrivcn,  and 
Burke.     The  counties  in   the  Upper  dif- 
tricl  are  Montgomery,  Wafiiington,  Han- 
cock, Greene,  Franklin,  Oglethorpe,  El- 
bert, Wilkes,  Lincoln,  Warren,  JefFerfon, 
Jackfon,   Bullock,  Columbia,  and  Rich- 
mond.    The  principal  towns  arc  Augufta, 
formerly  the  feat  of  government.  Savan- 
nah, the  former  capital  of  the  flate,  Sun- 
bury,  Brunfwick,  Frederica,  Walliington, 
and  Louifville,  which  is  the  metropolis   of 
llie  ftate  ;  and  here  are  depolited  the  re- 
cords of  the  (late,  fuch  of  them  as  a  late 
Jcgifiature   did   not  order  to  be  publicly 
burnt.     The  principalrivers  which  water 
Georgia  are.  Savannah,  which  feparates  it 
from  S.  Carolina  ;   Ogeechce  x-iver,  which  I 
runs  parallel  with  the  former,  and  Alata-  | 
maha,  which  runs  parallel  with  the  others,   j 
Befide  tfaefe  aBd  their  numergus  branches,  ' 


there  is  Turtle  river.  Little  Sitllla,  Cfw? 
Sitilla,  Crooked  R.  and  St.  Marv's,  which 
forms  a  part  of  the  fouthern  boundary  of 
the  U.  States.  The  rivers  in  the  middle 
and  wedern  parts  will  be  noticed  under 
the  head  of  Graro-m  IVeJltrn  Teritory.  All 
thefe  are  flored  with  a  great  variety  of 
fiib,  as  rock,  mullet,  whiting,  fliad,  trout, 
drum,  bafs,  catfifli,  white,  brim  and  ftur- 
geon  ;  and  the  bays  and  lagoons  are  fup- 
plied  with  oyflers,  and  other  fliell  fifli, 
crabs,  rmimps,  &.c.  I'he  clams,  in  par- 
ticuhir,  are  large,  their  meat  white,  tender, 
and  delicate.  The  fliark  and  great  black 
fringray  are  infatiable  cannibals,  and  very 
troublefom.e  to  the  fifliermen.  The  chief 
lake  or  marfh  is  Ekanfanoka,  by  fome  cal- 
led Oiiaquaphenogarw,  which  is  300  miles 
in  circumference.  The  eaflern  part  of 
the  flate,  between  the  mountains  and  the 
ocean,  and  the  rivers  Savannah  and  St. 
Mary's,  a  tract  of  country  more  than  120 
miles  from  N  to  S,  and  from  56  to  80  E 
«nd  W,  is  level,  without  a  hill  or  Hone. 
At  the  diftance  of  about  40  or  50  miles 
from  the  fea  board,  or  fait  marfli,  the 
lands  begin  to  be  more  or  lefs  uneven, un- 
til they  gradually  rife  to  mountains.  The 
vafl  chaiij"  of  the  Alleghany  or  Appalach- 
ian mountains,  which  comimence  with  the 
Kaats  Kill,  near  Hudfon  R.  in  the  fcate  of 
N.  York,  terminate  in  Georgia,  60  miles  S 
of  its  northern  boundary.  From  the  foot 
of  this  mountain  fpreads  a  wide  extended 
plain,  of  the  richefl  foil,  and  in  a  latitude 
and  climate  well  adapted  to  the  cultiva- 
tion of  mod  of  the  producftions  of  the 
fouth  of  Europe,  and  of  the  Eafl  Indief, 
In  the  low  country,  near  the  rice  fwamps, 
billious  complaints  and  fevers  of  various 
kinds  are  pretty  univerfal,  during  the 
months  of  July,  Augufl,  and  September ; 
but  the  fertihty  of  the  foil,  and  the  eafe 
with  which  it  is  improved,  are  a  fuflicient 
inducement  to  fettlers,  and  an  unfailing 
fource  of  wealth.  Before  the  fickly  fea- 
fon  approaches,  the  rich  planters,  with 
their  families,  remove  to  the  feaiflands,  or 
fome  elevated,  healthy  fituation,  for  th6 
benefit  of  the  frefli  air.  In  the  winter 
and  fpring,  pleurifies,  peripneumonies,  and 
other  inflammatory  diforders,  occafioned 
by  violent  and  fudden  colds,  are  conlider-' 
ably  common,  and  frequently  fatal.  Con- 
fumptions,  epileplles,  cancers,  palfies,  and 
apoplexies,  are  not  io  common  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  fouthern  as  northern 
climates.  The  winters  in  Georgia  are 
very  mild  and  pleafant.  Snow  is  felddm 
or  never  feeu  ;  nor  is  veg«tatiou  often  pre- 

vefite* 


GEO 


GEO 


V<?ntfed  by  fevere  frofts.  Cattle  fubfift 
tolerably  well  during  the  winter,  feeding 
in  the  woods  and  favannas,  and  are  fatter 
in  that  feafon  th.in  in  any  other  lu  the 
hilly  country,  which  bej^lus  about  50,  and 
in  fome  places  100  miles,  from  the  fea, 
the  air  is  pure  and  falubrious,  and  the  wa- 
ter plenty  and  good.  From  June  to  Sep- 
teniber  the  mercury  in  Fahrenheit's  ther- 
mometer commonly  fluctuates  from  76  to 
90.  hi  winter  from  40.  to  6q.  The  moft 
prevailing  winds  are  S  W  and  E  ;  in  win- 
ter N  W.  The  E  wind  is  warmeft  in  win- 
ter and  coolell  in  fummer.  The  S  wind 
in  fummer  and  fall  particularly,  is  damp, 
fultry,  unelaftic,  andof  courfe  unhealthy. 
In  the  S  E  parts  of  this  fl:ate,  which  He 
within  a  few  degrees  of  the  torrid  zone, 
the  atmoi'phere  is  kept  in  motion  l^y  ini- 
preflrons  from  the  trade  winds.  I'his  pu- 
rifies the  air  ;  fo  that  it  is  found  to  have 
falutary  efFe^ils  on  confumptive  habits. 
In  the  low  lands  are  the  rice  fields.  In 
the  interior  and  hilly  parts,  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  the  other  productions  more 
common  to  the  northern  ftafes.  Rice  is 
at  prefent  the  flaple  commodity  of  the 
(late  ;  tobacco,  wheat  and  indigo  are  the 
Other  great  articles  of  produce.  Beiide 
thefe  the  ftate  yields  cotton,  filk,  corn,  po- 
tatoes, oranges,  tigs,  olives,  pomegranates, 
&.C.  The  foreits  confift  of  oak,  hickory, 
mulberry,  pine,  cedar,  ^'Ci  The  whole 
coaft  is  bordered  with  iflands  ;  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  Skidaway,  Waffaw, 
OiTabaw,  St.  Catherines,  Sapelo,  Frederica, 
Jekyl,  Cumberland,  &c.  Thefe  illands 
are  furrounded  by  navigable  creek^s,  be- 
tween whi  h  and  the  m.ain  land  is  a  large 
extent  of  fait  marfli,  fronting  the  whole 
ftate,  not  lefs,  on  an  average,  than  4  or  5 
miles  in  breadth,  interfevTted  with  creeks 
in  various  directions,  admitting,  through 
the  whoie,  an  inland  navigation,  between 
the  illands  and  the  main  land,  from  the 
N  E  to  the  S  E  corners  of  the  ftate.  .The 
E  fides  of  thefe  iflands  are,  for  the  mofl: 
part,  clean,  hard,  flndy  beaches,  expofed 
to  the  wafli  of  the  ocean.  Between  thefe 
iflaiids  are  the  entrances  of  the  rivers 
from  the  interior  country,  winding 
through  the  low  fait  marflies,  and  deliver- 
ing their  waters  into  the  founds,  which 
form  capacious  harbours  of  from  3  to  8 
miles  over,  and  which  communicate  with 
each  other  bv  oarallel  fait  creeks.  The 
foil  and  its  fertility  are  various,  according 
to  fituation  and  different  improvement. 
The  iilandsin  their  natural  ftate  are  cov- 
ered with  a  plentiful  growth  of  v'vsic,  oak. 
Vol.  I.  Z 


hickory,  live  oak  (an  uncommonly  har4 
and  very  valuable  wood)  and  fome  red 
cedar.  The  foil  is  a  mixture  of  land  and 
black  mould,  making  what  is  commonly 
called  a  grey  foil.  A  confiderable  part  of 
it,  particularly  that  whereon  grow  the 
oak,  hickory,  and  live  oak,  is  very  rich, 
and  yields  on  cultivation,  good  crops  of 
indigo,  cotton,  corn,  and  potatoes.  The 
foil  of  the  main  land,adjoiningthe  marflics 
and  creeks,  is  nearly  of  the  fame  quality 
with  that  of  the  iflands  :  except  tliut 
which  bijrders  on  thofe  rivers  and  creeks, 
which  ftretch  far  back  into  the  country. 
On  thefe,  ininiediattly  after  you  leave  the 
falts,  begin  the  valuable  rice  fwamps, 
which,  on  cultivation,  afford  the  prefent 
chief  flaple  of  commerce.  The  fi.)ii  be- 
tween the  rivers,  after  yon  leave  the  fea 
board,  and  the  edge  of  the  fwamps,  at  the 
di fiance  of  ao  or  30  miles,  changes  from 
a  grey  to  a  red  colour,  on  which  grows 
plenty  of  oak  and  hickory,  with  a  coH- 
iiderable  intermixtu^  of  pine.  In  foriie 
places  it  i^ravelly,'  but  fertile,  and  fo 
continues  for  a  number  of  miles  gradj.i- 
aiiy  deepening  the  reddilh  colour  of  the 
earth,  till  it  changes  into  what  is  called 
the  mulatto  foil,  confifting  of  a  bl^ck  and 
red  earth.  The  mulatto  lands  are  gen- 
erally fh-png,  and  yield  large  crops  of 
wheat,  tobacco,  corn,  &c.  To  this  kind 
of  land  fucceeds  by  turns  a  foil  nearly 
Idack  and  very  rich,  on  wliich  grow  large 
quantifies  of  black  wdnut,  mulberry,  &:c. 
This  fucceffion  of  different  foils  continues 
uniform  and  regular,  thotigh  there  ate 
fome  large  veins  of  all  the  difK  rent  foils 
intermixed  ;  and  what  is  more  remarka- 
ble, this  fucctflion,  in  the  order  mention- 
ed, flretches  acrofo  this  flate  nearly  paral- 
lel with  the  feacoafl:,and  extends  t'lrough 
the  feveral  ftates,  nearly  in  the  fame  di- 
redlion,  to  the  banks  of  Iludfon  river. 
Cotton  was  formerly  planted  here,  only 
by  the  poorer  clafs  of  people,  and  that 
only  for  family  ufe.  Tliey  planted  two 
kinds,  the  annual  and  the  fi\-/}  Indian  ;  the 
former  is  low,  and  planted  every  year  ; 
the  bails  are  large,  and  the  phlox  long, 
flrong,  and  perfe6l!y  white.  Tlie  latter 
is  a  tall  perennial  plant,  the  flalk  fome- 
what  llirubby,  feveral  of  which  rife  up 
from  the  r(>ot  for  feveral  years  fuccef- 
fively,  the  flcms  of  the  former  year  being 
killed  by  the  winter  frofls.  The  balls  of 
the  W.  India  cotton  are  not  quite  io  larg^.- 
as  the  other,  but  the  phlox  or  wool  is 
long,  extrcmelv  fine,  filky  and  white.  A. 
pUntaiion  of  this  kind  will  lirt  fevtrai 

years, 


CEO 


G  E  a 


years,  wIUi  moderate  labour  and  care. 
The  culture  of  cotton  is  now  much  more 
attended  to  ;  feveral  indigo  planters  have 
converted   their  plantations  into  cotton 
iields.     A  new  fpecies  is  about  to  be  in- 
troduced into  this  ftate,  the  feed  of  which 
Avas  lately  brought  by  Capt.  Jofiah  Rob- 
erts from  Waitahoo,  one  of  the  Marquclas 
iilands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  and  fent 
to  a  gentleman  in  Georgia  by  a  member 
of  the  Hiftorical  Society  in  B<jfton.     This 
cotton  is  of  a  very   fine  texture,  and  it  is 
expected  will  prove  a  confiderable  acqui- 
fition  to  the  fouthern  ftatcs.     The  cotton 
at  prefent  raifedin  Georgia,  is  difiinguifh- 
cd  by  Tome  into  two  kinds,  the  green  and 
black  feed  ;  the  former  is   planted  in  the 
Upper  Country,  the  latter  on  the  fea  i Hands 
and    adjacent    lands,  and  was   brought, 
about  the  year  17 88,  from  the  Bahamas. 
And  there  is  now  a  profpe6ir,  that  in  a 
few  years   the  ftatcs  of  S.  Carolina  and 
Georgia  may  be  able  to  raifc  more  than 
tsn  millions  of  pounds  of  cotton  annually 
for   exportation.     Mofl  of   the   tropical 
fruits  would  flourifh  in  this   fi:ate,  with 
proper  attention.     The  S  weftern  part  of 
this  ftate,  and  the  parts  of  E.  and  W.  Flor- 
ida, which   lie  adjoining,   will,  probably, 
in  fomc  future  time,  becorrie  the  vineyard 
of  America.     The  chief  articles  of  export 
arc  rice,  tobacco,  indigo,  fago,  lumber,  , 
naval  ftores,   leather,  deer    ikins,  fuakc 
root,  myrtle  and  bees  wax,  corn,  and  live  i 
ftock.     Tlie  planters  and   farmers  raife 
large  ftocks  of  cattle,  from  1000  to  i^c  o 
liead,  and  fome  more.     The  value  in  ftcr- 
ling  money,  of  the  exports  of  Georgia,  in 
the   year  I7i5,   was    I5,744l-   in    1772, 
1 11,677!^  in  1 79-1,  value  in  dolls.  491,472  ; 
in  1792,  458,973  ;  in  i793.  501,38.3  ;  in 
1*794,676,154;  in  1796,950,158;  and  in 
1801,  1,854,951.     In   179c,  the  tonnage 
employed  in  this  flate  was  28,540,  and 
the  number  of  American  fcamen  11,225. 
la  return  for  her  exports,  Georgia  re- 
ceives W.  India  goods,  teas,  wines,  cloth- 
ing, and  dry  goods  of  all   kinds.      From 
the  northern  Hates,  chcefc,  fifli,  potatoes, 
apples,  cider,  and    flioes.     The  imports 
^.nd  exports  are  principally  to  and  from 
Savannah,  which  has  a  fine  harbour,  and 
is  the  place  where  the  principal  comm.cr- 
cial  buiincfs   of   the   flate   is   tranfaifled. 
According   to   the  cenfus    of   1790,  the 
number     of    inhabitants    amounted     to 
82,548,   of   whom    29,264    were    flaves. 
The  incrcafe  by  immigration  and  other-  {! 
wife,  has    been   very   conllderable  fince.  j 
The  different  religious  feels  are  Prcfbytc-  l| 


rians,  Epifcopalians,  Baptlfls,  and  MetTi* 
odifts.     They  have  but  few  regular  min- 
iflcrs  among  them.    The  citizens  of  Geor- 
gia have  lately  reviftd  and  altered  their 
canftitution,and  formed   it   upon  a  plan 
fimilar  to  the  federal  conflitution  of  the 
United    States.     The    literature   of   this 
flate,  which  is  yet  in  its  infanry,  is  com- 
mencing on  a  plan  which,  if  ever  carried 
into  efic^l,  will  be  very  advantageous  to 
the  ftate.     A  college  with  ample  and  lib- 
eral endowments,  is  inftituted   in   Louif- 
ville,  a  high  and  lieaithy  part  of  the  coun- 
try, near  the  centre  of  the  f^ate.     There 
is  alfo  proviHon  made  for  the  inftrtution 
of  an  academy  in  each  county  of  the  flate, 
to  be  I'upported  from  the  fame  funds^  and 
confidered  as  parts  and  members  of  the 
fam.e  inftltution,  under  the  general  fuper- 
intendance  and  diredlion  of  a  prefident 
and  board  of  truftees,  feledled  for  their 
literary  accomplifhmcnts  from  the  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  ftate,  and  inverted  with 
the  cuftomary   powers  of   corporations^ 
This  inftltution  is  denominated  The  Uni- 
verftiy  of  Georgia.      The  funds  for  the  f'up- 
port   of  literary  inftitutions  are   princi- 
pally in  lands, amounting  in  the  whole  to 
50,000  acres,   a  great  part  of  which  is  of 
[he  bsft-quafity,  and  at  prefent  very  val- 
uable ;  together  witH  nearly  60C0I.  fter- 
liug  in  bonds,  lioufes,  and   town   lots  in 
Augufla.     Other  public  property  to  the 
amount  of  loool.   in  each   county,   has 
been  fet  apart  for  th6  purpofcs  of  build- 
ing and  furnifliing  their  relpetflive  acad- 
emies.    The  funds  originally  defigned  to 
fupport  the  literary  orphan  houfe,  found- 
ed by  the  Rev.  George  Whitefield,  a  few 
miles  S  of  Savannah,  are  chiefly  in  rice 
plantations  and  negroes.     On  the  death 
of  the  Countefs  of  Huntingdon,  to  whom 
Mr.  Whitefield  bequeathed  this  property, 
as    truftee,   the   legillaturc,   in  the  year 
I  792,  pafled  a  law,  vcfting  it  in  13  com- 
mifhonersjwith  powers  to  carry  the  orig- 
inal intention  of  Mr.  Whitefield  into  ex- 
ecution ;  and  in  compliment  to  the  Count- 
efs,  the  feminary  is   ftilcd    Huntingdon" 
College.    The  different  religious  fe<5ts  arc 
Baptifts,  Methodifts,  Prefbyterians,  Epif- 
copalians, Roman  Catholics,  Quakers  and 
Jews.     The  two  firft  are  the  moft  numer- 
ous, and  inhabit  the  upper   part  of  the 
flate.     The  Epifcopalians  and   Prefbyte- 
rians  are  about  equal  in  number.     The 
Catholics  and  Jews  have  each  one  church- 
It  is  greatly  to  be  lamented  by  all  good 
men,  that  there   arc  fo  few  minifters  of 
education  in  this  ftate.     Tliis  flate  was 

firft 


•GER 


GiB 


^^rfl:  fettled  in  tlie  year  1732,  and  was  tlie 
only  colony  planted  at  the  expcnfe  of  the 
crown. 

Georglana,  the  name  originally  given  in 
the  charter,  to  a  tracft  of  country  in  the 
province  of  Maine. 

Georgia^  a  lownfliip  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,. contains  ic68  inhabitants.  It 
is  fituated  on  lake  Champlain,  oppofite 
to  the  N  end  of  South  Hero  Illand,  and 
joins  Milton  on  the  S,  and  St.  Alban's  on 
the  N.  X.a  Moillc  river  croffes  the  S  £ 
corner  of  fcliis  towniliip. 

Georgia,  Southern,  a.  clufter  of  barr-en  ifl- 
ands,  in  the  South  Sea,  and  H  of  the  coaft 
of  Terra  del  Fuego  ;  about  lat.  54  35  S, 
and  Ion.  36  30  W.  One  of  them  is  be- 
tween 50  ^nd  60  leagues  in  length.  It  is 
a  difmai  region,  the  land  of  ice,  the  vales 
are  deftitute  of  fhrubs  ;  coarfe  grafs,  bur- 
net  and  lichens  the  only  vegetables. 

Pinkerton. 

Gerardfiotvn,  a  neat  little  town,  in  Berk- 
ley CO.  Virginia,  containing  about  30  or 
40  houfes  ;  10  miles  from  Martiniburg, 
and  254  from  Philadelphia. 

German,  a  townfliip  in  Fayette  <:g.  Penn- 
sylvania, has  1835  inhabitants. 

German  Flats,  the  chief  and  poft  town 
of  Herkemer  co.  N.  York.  It  contains 
1637  inhabitants.  It  lies  on  the  N  fide 
of  Mohawk  river,  oppofite  Herkemer. 
It  is  24  miles  E  of  Whiteftown,  and  60 
miles  W  of  Schenedlady.  It  contains  163  7 
inhabitants. 

Germania^  a  pofl  town,  Culpepper  CO. 
Virginia,  82  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Germantotvn,  (N.  York)  in  Columbia  co. 
containing  5i4  inhabitants.  In  1796,  it 
had  75  qualified  voters. 

Germantoivn,  in  Philadelphia  ca  Penn- 
fylvania,  is  fituated  7  miles  N  of  Philadel- 
phia city,  and  was  efteemed  the  fecond 
town  in  the  country,  until  feveral  inland 
towns  eclipfed  it,  by  fuperior  eftablifla- 
mcnts  and  number  of  inhabitants.  It  is 
a  corporation,  confifting  chiefly  of  High 
and  Low  Dutch,  and  contains  about  350 
houfes,  chiefly  of  (lone,  fome  of  which  are 
Jarge,  elegant  and  commodious  ;  built 
chiefly  on  one  flreet,  abotit  1  miles  in 
length.  The  public  buildings  are  a  Pref- 
byterian,  a  German  Calvinift  and  I.athe- 
ran  church,  a  Friend's  meeting  houfe,  and 
an  academy.  Knit  fliockings,  of  cotton, 
thread  and  worfted,  are  manufa6tured 
here  by  individuals  to  a  confiderable  ex- 
tent, and  of  an  excellent  quality.  It  is  an 
ancient  town,  pleafantly  fituated,  and  by 
its  vicinity  to  the  metropolis,  well  adapt- 


ed for  manufacElures.  Here  is  the  pria* 
cipal  congregation  of  the  Mennonifts,  and 
the  mother  ot  that  fecfl  in  America.  1  hey 
derive  their  name  from  Menno  Simon,  a. 
learned  man  of  Witmars,  in  Germany, 
one  of  the  reformers,  born  in  1505.  Some 
of  his  followers  came  into  Pennfylvania, 
from  N.  York,  in  1692.  There  are  about 
4<r!00  of  them  in  the  ftate.  'Fluy  do  not, 
like  the  Tunkers,  believe  in  geieral  fal- 
vatiou  ;  yet,  like  them,  they  will  neither 
fwear  nor  fight,  nor  bear  any  civil  office, 
nor  go  to  law,  nor  take  intereft  for  money, 
though  many  break  that  rule.  They  ule 
great  plainnefs  in  their  drefs,  &c.  and 
pra(5life  many  of  the  rites  of  the  primitive 
Chriftian  church.  'Fhis  town  is  alfo  ren- 
dered famour,,  by  the  battle  fought  in  it, 
on  the  4tli  of  Ocff.  1777. 

Germantoivn,  a  pofl:  tor.ii,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Stokes  CO.  N.  Carolina.  It  is  fitu- 
ated near  the  Town  Fork  of  Dan  river, 
and  contains  a  court  houfe,  gatol,  and 
about  30  houfes.  It  is  528  miles*  W  by 
S  of  Philadelphia. 

Germantoivn,  the  cbjd!"  town  of  Hydc. 
CO.  in  Newteern  diflri(5t,  N.  Carolina. 

Germany,  a  town  in  Adams  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania, has  1013  inhabitants. 

GerrarJy  a  covinty  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 6083  inhabitants,  of  whom  1234 
are  (laves. 

Gerrijh  Ifiand,  a  fmall  ifle  near  Cape 
Neddock,  clofe  to  the  main  land  of  the 
diftrict  of  Maine. 

Gerry, %  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co.  Maf- 
facliufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in  1786, 
and  contains  14,000  acres  of  land,  oa 
which  are  802  inhabit.ints.  It  is  30  miles 
N  W  of  Worcefler,  and  66  N  W  by  W  of 
Boflon. 

Gdtyfiurgh,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  in  Adam* 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  fituated  at  the  head  of 
Rock  Creek,  one  of  the  head  waters  of  the 
Monococy,  and  contains  about  30  houfes* 
It  is  9  miles  N  of  the  Maryland  line,  8 
miles  from  Millerfiown,  15  from  Abbotf- 
town,  36  from  Wiiliamfport  in  Maryland, 
and  it8  W  by  S  of  Philadtinhia. 

Gibhaivoys,  an  Indian  tribe  refiding  ia 
U.  Canada,  on  the  E  fide  of  Detroit  R. 
oppofite  to  Fort  Gibralter. 

Grbr alter,  an  ancient  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Venezuela,  in  Terra  Firma.  It  is 
fituated  on  the  S  eaftern  fide  of  Mara- 
caibo  lake.  The  country  in  its  vicinity 
is  well  watered  v/ith  rivers,  and  bears  the 
heft  quality  of  cacao,  and  very  large  ce- 
dars. The  befl:  Spanifli  tobacco  is  made- 
here,  called  Tabago  dc  Maracaibo,  from 

which 


GL  A 


GL  O 


■which  the  valuable  fnufF  is  made,  vulgar- 
ly called  Mackaba  fnuif.  The  air,  how- 
ever, is  lb  unhealthy,  that  very  few  but 
labourers  live  in  the  town  ;  the  wealthier 
fort  reporting  to  Mtridu  pr  Mararaibo. 

Glbr alter  Point .^  in  U.  Canada,  is  the 
vefttrn  extremity  of  a  fand  bank,  whicli 
forms  the  harbour  of  York,  and  upon 
which  block  houfes  are  eredled  for  its 
defence.  'J'here  is  another  place  of  this 
name  on  the  fide  of  lake  Memphramagog, 
in  the  town  of  Bolton  in  L.  Canada. 

G///,  a  townfhip  in  Hampiliirc  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  on  the  VV  bank  of  ConncClicut 
R.  a  little  below  the  mouth  of  Militr's  R. 
on  the  oppolite  fide.  It  is  90  miles  from 
Boflonj  and  contains  700  inhabitants. 

QHlori,  an  ifland  on  tlie  coaft  of  W. 
Florida,  is  divided  from  Dauphin  idand 
by  a  narrow  channel,  through  which  a 
boat  may  pafs  with  Ibme  difficulty  ;  and 
between  Gillori  and  the  mainland,  on 
the  W  fide  of  Mobile  bay,  there  is  a  chain 
of  fmall  iHands,  and  oyftcr  (hells,  throuph 
which  is  a  paHage  of  4  feet  called  Palie 
au  Heron. 

G'lmantotvn,  a  pofl:  town  in  Strafford  cc> 
N.  Hamprtiire,  b  W  of  lake  Winnipifeo- 
gce,  and  52  miles  N  W  of  Pcrtfmouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1727,  and  contains 
375Z  inhabitants.  One  term  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  is  annually  htfid  in  this 
town.  ' 

GUfon,  a  townflTiip  In  Chefl^.irc  co.  N. 
HamplTiire,  containing  484  inhabitants 
It  is  on  the  E  fide  of  Aibuelot  R,  and 
joins  Keene  on  the  S. 

Ginger  IJlarid,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
ides,  fituattd  between  t!ie  Round  Rock  on 
the  N,  and  Cooper's  illc  on  the  S,  between 
■^vhich  is  the  King's  channel.  N  lat.  18  5, 
■\V  Ion.  62  53. 

Girtys  Toivny  an  Indian  village  in  the 
N.  W.  territory,  near  the  head  of  the 
navigable  water  or  landing  on  St.  Mary's 
K.  where  the  Indians  ceded  at  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  a  tradl  of  %  miles  fquare  to 
the  U.  States. 

Glu'Je  Ro.tJ,  at  Bonnets's  tavern,  4  miles 
ffom  Bedford,  on  the  road  from  Phila- 
delphia to  Pittfburgh  Forks  ;  the  fouth- 
ernmofl:  is  called  tiie  Glade  Road  ;  the 
ijorthernrnort  the  Old,  or  Forbcs's  lload, 
and  goes  by  Ligonier.  Thei'e  roads  unite 
^%  miles  from  Piltiburgh.  In  the  Glades, 
a  tract  of  country  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Alleghany  mountains,  they  cannot  raife 
corn,  as  the  earth  is  fubje(5t  to  froft  from 
^cpt.  to  June. 

^'ady  Creek,  a  fmall  ftrcara  whic^  flows 


throuj^h  the  E  bank  of  Little  Miami  R^ 
in  the  N.  W.  territory. 

Glalze,  Au,  a  S  S  W  branch  of  the  Mi- 
ami of  the  Lake,  which  interlocks  with 
St.  Mary's  R.  By  the  treaty  at  Green- 
ville, the  Indians  have  c.dtd  to  the  U. 
Sti.its  a  travSl  of  land  6  n.iies  fquare  at 
the  liead  i;f  its  navigj  hie  wateis,  and  6 
miles  fquare  at  its  c(  nfliitnce  with  the 
Miami,  where  Fort  Defiant  c  now  ftands. 
G/ufgoiv,  a  new  county  in  Newbern  dif- 
tritEt,  N.  Carolina,  taken  from  Dohbs'  co. 
It  is  bounded  N  by  Edgcomb,  S  by  Le- 
noir, E  by  Pitt,  and  W  by  Wayne. 

Glcifs borough,  a  village  of  N.  Jerfey,  20 
miles  S  E  from  Philadelphia,  containing 
about  20  houfes,  an  Episcopal  church,  and, 
a  glafs  manufadloiy,  in  which  from  50  to 
100  people  are  employed. 

G'oJionL'7iry^  a  townfiiip  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vermont,  having  only  48  inliabitant.s. 
It  has  good  intervale  lands,  and  lies  N  £ 
of  Benningtoii,  adjoining. 

Gltjjionbur^,  a  handfome  little  town  \\\ 
Hartford  co.  Conne(5licut,  fituatcd  on 
the  E  fide  of  Connecticut  R.  oppofite  to. 
Wcathersfield,  and  of  which  it  formed  a 
part  until  1690.  It  has  2718  uihabitants. 
In  the  townflvip  are  2  meeting  ln)ufes ;  and 
on  Roaring  Brook  and  other  hnall  ftreaniii 
are  17  mills  of  diflferent  kinds  and  i  forge. 
Glengary  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  line  which  divides  Upper 
from  Lower  Canada  ;  on  the  S  by  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  W  by  the 
toy.'ufliip  of  Cornwall,  running  N  24"^  W, 
until  it  interlecls  the  Ottawa  or  Grand 
R.  thence  defcending  the  faid  river  until 
it  meets  the  divifional  line  aforefaid,, 
Glengary  county  comprehends  all  the; 
iOands  contiguous  to  it  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  The  greater  part  of  it  fronts 
tiie  St.  Lawrence. 

Gloiiceji-^r  Houfe,  belonging  to  the  Hud- 
fon's  bay  company,  is  fituated  in  New 
South  V/ales,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  waters, 
which  form  a  communication  through  a 
chain  cf  fjinall  lakes,  Wetwcen  Winnipeg 
lake  and  Albany  R.  Henley  Houfe  lies 
N  E  of  this,  nearer  the  mouth  of  Albany 
R.  in  James'  bay.  N  lat.  54,  W  Ion.  87  30. 
Gloucefs^r,  or  Cape  Ann,  a  townfliip  in 
Eflex  CO.  Mafiachufetts,  whofe  E  point 
forms  the  N  fide  of  the  bay  of  Mafiachu- 
fetts. It  contains  5313  inhabitants,  and 
is  divided  into  5  pariibes,  and  has  beiide  % 
fociety  of  Univerfalifts.  I'hi?  is  a  poll 
town  and  port  of  entry.  The  harbour  is? 
very  open  and  aecelhble  to  large  fliips  ; 
and  is  one  of  the  jaioft  confiderable  fifliing 

townsi 


G  LO 


GN  A 


towns  in  the  commonwcrilrh.  At  the 
harbor r,  properly  io  called,  are  litled  out 
itnnually  from  60  to  70  bankers  ;  and  from 
Squam  and  Sandy  bay,  two  fmali  out  ports, 
the  bay  liihery  is  ca^-ried  on  with  great 
fpirit,  and  to  a  large  amount.  The  ex- 
ports for  one  year,"  enduig  Sept.  30,  1794, 
amounted  in  value  to  229,613  dollars. 
TJiatcher's  Flland,  on  which  are  two  lights 
of  equal  height,  lies  clofe  to  the  S  E  fide 
of  the  towafliip,  which  is  itfeif  joined  to 
the  continent  by  a  beach  of  fand  which  is 
very  rarely  overflowed  by  the  water. 
There  is  a  very  fine  white  fand  here,  fit 
for  making  glafs.  I'he  harbour  is  deiend- 
ed  by  a  baUery  and  citadel  erec'led  in 
1795.  It  is  16  miles  N  E  by  E  of  Salem, 
and  34  N  E  of  Bofton. 

Glvuccper,ih.z  N  weflernmon:  town  Palp, 
and  the  largeft  in  Providence  cp.  Rhode 
Illand,  being  ii^  miles  fquare,  having  Kil- 
Jingly  and'l'hornpfou,  in  Connfcc'ticut,  W, 
Douglefs  and  Uxbridge  in  Mafiachufetts, 
N,  Smithficld  E,  and  Scituat^  and  Fofter, 
Rhode  ifland,  S  ;  and  contains  4009  in- 
babitants.  -^*. 

Gloticejler  Co.  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  bounded  N 
by  Burlington  co.  S  by  Salem,  Cumber- 
land, and  Cape  May  counties,  E  by  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  and  W  by  Delaware  R. 
Its  length  on  the  Delaware  is  about  30 
milesj  and  on  the  fea  the  hne  is  about  22 
miles.  Great  and  little  Egg  harbour  riv- 
ers are  both  navigable  for  veil'els  of  200 
tons  about  20  miles  from  their  mouths. 
See  Erriir  Harbour.  The  ftreams  which  fall 
into  Delaware  river  are  navigable  for 
fmall  veflels,  a  few  miles  up  from  their 
mouths,  and  afford  fome  jQiad,  rock,  her- 
rings, and  perch.  The  adjacent  iflands 
are  Red  Bank,  Pett,  and  Old  Man's  Creek 
iflands.  I'he  firft  of  which  is  famous  in 
the  hiflory  of  the  American  war,  tor  the 
defperate  defence  the  garrifon  upon  it 
made,  to  prevent  the  Britifh  fleet  from 
pafling  up  to  Philadelphia.  The  foil  of 
this  county  is  a  mixture  of  fand  and 
ioam,  and  the  tract  bordering  on  the  Del- 
av/arc  is  in  a  high  fiate  of  cultivation. 
'Ehe  chief  produtSlions  are  beef,  pork,  fiili, 
hay,  corn,  lumber,  butter,  cheele,  &c.  It 
is  divided  into  10  townflnps,  viz.  Wood- 
bury, Wate/ford,  Newtown,  Gloucefler 
1  ownfliip,  Gloucefler  Town,  Deptford, 
Greenwich,  Woolwich,  Egg  Harbour,  and 
Galloway.  The  firft  8  lie  along  the  Dela- 
v;are,  and  the  other  two  on  the  ocean. 
Alulicus  river  divides  this  county  from 
Burlington,  and  is  navigable  20  miles  far 
ieilels  of  60  tou5.     Maurice  river  rifes 


liere.riins  foutherly  about  4  omiles  through 
Cumberland  co.  into  Delaware  bay,  is  nav-. 
igable  for  veflels  of  ico  tons  15  miles,  and 
ior  fh.'illops  10  miles  farther.  It  contaijis 
16,115  inhabitants,  of  whom  61  are  flaves. 
'/"here  are  found  in  this  county  quantities^ 
of  bog  iron  gre,  which  is  manui'adlurcd 
into  p:g  and  bar  iron,  and  hollow  ware. 
Here  is  alfo  a  glafs  hou<"e.  Chief  town, 
Woodbury,  9  miles  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Gloucffla:,  a  Irnall  town  in  the  abc.  e 
county,  pn  the  E  fide  of  Delaware  river, 
3  miles  below  Pliiladelphia.  It  was  for- 
merly the  county  town,  but  has  new 
I  lie  arcely  the  appearance  of  a  village. 
j  Giottcif^-r^  a  poft  town  in  Virginia,  in  tlie 
county  of  its  own  name,  on  a  point  of  laud 
on  the  N  hde  of  Y(jrk  river,  partly  cppo^ 
lite  York  Town,  17  miles  difhmt. 

Gloucejler  Co.  in  Virginia,  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated,  bounded  N  by  Piankitaiik 
river,  which  feparates  it  from  Middlefex, 
E  by  Mathews  co.  and  Chefapcak  bay,  N 
W  by  King  and  Queen,  S  and  S  W  by- 
York  river,  which  divides  it  from  York 
CO.  It  is  about  ^s  miles  in  length,  and  30 
in  breadth,  and  contains  3272  free  inhab- 
itants, and  4909  llavcs.  The  low  lands 
here  produce  excellent  barley,  and  Indiaa 
corn,  the  ftaple  produce  of  the  county. 
Tobacco  is  little  attended  to. 

Gloucejler  Hovfe,  in  the  territory  of  the 
j  Kudibn's  bay  company,  is  on  the  N  fide 
i  of  Mulquacobafton  lake,  120  miles  W  of 
!  Oinaburgh  houfe.  N  lat.  ji  24,  W  Ion. 
j  86  59. 

Gloucejler  Forty  Of  Point  aux  Pins,  in  U. 
!  Canada,  the  firft  point  on  the  N  fliore  cjf 
■  the  narrows,,  leading  from  lake  Superior 
j  to  the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 
i  Gloucejler  Toivvjhip,  in  the  county  of 
I  Dundasjin  U.  Canada,  is  the  7th  townfliip 
'  in  afcendlng  the  Ottawa  river.  It  lies 
I  eaftward  of,  and  adjoining  the  river  Ron- 
j  deau.  Sv/yih. 

I  Glover,  a  townfliip  in  Vermont,  in  Or- 
leans CO.  N  E  of  Craftlborcugh,  adjoining. 
It  has  36  inhabitants. 

Glynn  Co.  in  the  lov/er  diflridt  of  Geor- 
gia, bounded  E  by  the  ocean,  N  by  Alata- 
maha  river,  which  feparates  it  from  I.ibi- 
erty  co.  and  S  by  Camden  co.  It  contains 
1374  inhabitants,  including  1092  Haves. 
Chief  town,  Brunfwick. 

G/iaJenbuetten,  or  Gj:adcnhi:tten,  a  fettle- 
ment  of  the  Moravians,  or  United  Breth- 
ren, on  Mufldngum  R.  oppofite  to  Salem, 
in  the  lands  which  belonged  to  the  Ma- 
hikan  Indians.  In  1746  it  was  a  plcafant 
towp,    inhabited  by    Chriiliitu    Indians, 

Y>hei-e 


GQ-L 


COO 


Where  were  a  chapel,  mrffionary's  houfc, 
and  many  Indian  houCes.  This,  together 
with  Sch(jcnbrttn  and  Salem,  were  referr- 
ed by  Con<;refs,  hy  an  ordinance,  May  20, 
1785,  for  the  Cbriftian  Indians  formerly 
fettled  there  ;  Sept.  3,  1788,  it  was  refolv- 
ed  tliat  the  plat  of  each  town  fliould  make 
lip  4000  acrps,  and  the  grant  >vas  made  to 
the  United  Brethren  for  propagating  the 
gofpel  among  the  heathen.  Alio  the  name 
of  a  Moravian  fettlenient  on  t:ie  S  W  bank 
of  Lcliigh  river,  in  Pennfylvania,  about 
a^  nxiles  N  W  of  Pethlehem. 

Gnailcnhuetterty  Ne-Wy  ^  Moravian  fettle- 
incnt  on  Huron  river,  which  runs  S  eaft- 
i*rly  into  lake  St.  Clair,  in  the  county  of 
Wayne  It  is  atout  22  miles  from  lake 
St.  Clair,  and  28  N  W  of  Detroit. 

<7r/.-7/'  IJdnd,  in  the  flate  of  R  Ifland,  a 
fmall  iflot,  oppoflte  to  the  town  of  New- 
port, and  on  w^hich  is  Fort  Wafliington. 
'I'he  fort  has  been  lately  repaired,  and  a 
citadel  erected  in  it.  The  fort  has  been 
ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Goave,  Le  Petit,  one  of  the  W  jurifdic- 
tions  of  St.  Domingo.  It  contains  5  par- 
iflicss  is  the  imhealthieft  part  of  the  colony, 
the  inhabitants  being  fubjecl  to  conftant 
fevers,  occal^oned  by  the  badnefs  of  the 
■waters.  Its  depcndcnci,es,  however,  are 
healthv,  and  remarkable  for  the  culture 
of  coffee.  Exports  from  Jan.  I,  1789,  to 
Dec.  51  of  the  fame  year,  27,090  lbs.  white 
fugar  ;  655,187  lbs.  brown;  807,865  lbs. 
cofl'ce  ;  50,053  lbs.  cotton  ;  and  aio  lbs. 
indigo.  The  town  of  the  fame  name  is  iit- 
uated  on  the  narrowefi  part  of  the  S  weft- 
cm  peninfula,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  neck. 

Goeluns,  Point  au,  a  promontory  on  the 
N  fide  of  lake  Ontario,  about  ;}2  miles  S 
W  of  Fort  Frontinac. 

Goffstoivtiy  in  Hilifborough  co.  N.  Hamp- 
ftiire,  on  the  weliern  bank  of  Merrimack 
R.  3  miles  from  Amufkeag  Falls,  and  60 
miles  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  I76i,and  contains  1612  inhabit- 
ants. Some  pieces  of  baked  earthen  ware 
have  been  found  in  this  townfliip,  from 
■which  it  is  fuppofed  that  the  Indians  had 
learned  the  potter's  art ;  but  of  what  an- 
tiquity thefe  rcnmants  are,  is  uncertain. 

Golden  JJland,  lies  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  or  gulf  of  Darien,  in  the  province  of 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America.  N  lat.  9,  W 
Ion.  77'  10. 

Gold  River,  fituated  in  Terra  Flrma,  on 
the  ifthmus  of  Darien,  fouthward  of  the 
river  Santa  Maria ;  atfording  much  gold 
4uft,  from  wlience  it  lias  its  name. 

Goldjhrovgh^  a  poA  town  in  Hancock  co. 


Maine,  containing  379  inhabltanis.  M- 
was  incorporated  in  1789,  is  the  S  eaflen>- 
moft  town  in  the  co.  On  the  waters  of 
its  harbour  is  the  town  of  Wafliington. 
It  is  47  miles  eafterjy  of  Penobfcot,  I68  S 
E  of  Portland,  and  330  N  E  of  Bofton.  N 
lat.  44  19- 

Gcidfcns,  Brunfwick  co.  Virginia.  Here 
is  a  poifofiice,  207  mJles  from  Waihington. 

Golphingion,  the  chief  town  of  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Georgia,  is  fituated  near  the  head 
of  Ogcechee  R.  about  26  miles  E  S  E  of 
Occonee  town,  37  S  W  of  Augufta,  and 
50  N  W  of  Louifville. 

Gonave,  an  illand  in  the  bay  of  Leogane, 
in  the  weftern  part  of  the  idand  of  St- Do- 
mingo. It  is  14^  leagues  long,  and  uni- 
formly about  3  broad,  cjtcept  a  very 
fmall  part  at  each  extremity.  Petite  Go- 
nave,  an  ifle  about  2  miles  each  way,  is 
feparated  from  the  S  E  corner  of  the  for- 
mer, by  a  channel  3  miles  wide.  Gonave 
is  13^  leagues  W  by  N  W  of  Port  au 
Prince  ;  and  its  W  point  is  2,7)\  leagues  E 
by  N  of  Cape  Dame  Marie. 

Gonai'ves,  a  feaport  in  the  fame  ifland, 
at  the  head  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  north  fide  of  a  bay  of  I-ieogane.  The 
town  is  fituated  on  the  great  road  from 
Port  de  Paix  to  St,  Mark,  16  leagues  S  E 
of  the  former,and  15  N  by  E  of  the  latter, 
N  lat.  19  27,  W  Ion.  from  Paris  752  30. 

Goochland, ^co. in  Virginia,furrounded by 
Liouifa,  Fluvanna,  Henrico,  Hanover,  an4 
Powhatan  counties.  It  is  about  40  miles 
long  and  14  broad,  and  contains  4893  free 
inhabitants,  and  4803  flaves.  At  the  court 
houfe  is  a  poft  office,  142  miles  fron^ 
Wafhington. 

Good  Hope,  a  Danlfli  colony  in  W. 
Greenlajid,  in  N  lat.  64. 

Goofe  Creek,  a  river  which  falls  into  the 
Potowjnac,  about  a  mile  S  E  of  Thorpe,  in 
Fairfax  co.  Virginia. 

Goofeberry  Mountain,  in  N.  York,  lies  on 
the  W  bank  of  Hudfon's  R.  about  4  miles 
S  of  Fort  George. 

Goofeberry  JJlands  and  Rods,  on  the  coaf^ 
of  Ellex  CO.  Maffachufetts,  have  been  the 
occafion  of  the  lofs  of  many  valuable  vef- 
fels.  To  prevent  fuch  accidents  in  future, 
feamen  may  attend  to  the  following  par- 
ticular information,  which  is  here  infert- 
ed  for  their  benefit.  The  N  part  of 
Goofeberry  great  rock  v/ith  the  N  of  Cat  I. 
bears  S  54  W  from  the  beacon  on  Baker's 
I.  The  weftern  Goofeberry  S  41  W,  the 
diftance  nearly  three  fourths  of  fa  mile. 
'Fhe  northern  part  of  the  weftern  Goofe- 
berry is  viewed  from  the  beacon  over  the. 

X^oint; 


COS 


G^A 


■point  of  land  running  out  from  it.  The 
eaftern  Goofeberry  bears  S  16  W,  and  it  is 
llioal  as  far  as  the  weftern  breaker.  The 
eaftern  breaker  lies  S  35  E,  and  tlie  weft- 
cm  breaker  S  29  E.  The  eaftern  breaker 
Is  about  the  fame  diftance  from  the  beacon, 
as  the  weftern  Goofeberry,  hut  eaftern 
"Goofeberry  falls  within  that  diftance.  Sn- 
t|in  appears  S  3  2  W,  and  h-d  f way  rock 
S  3  Wj'at  the  diftance  of  z|  miles.  Thein- 
ner  part  of  Cat  I.  is  above  a  miles  from'the 
beacon,  and  v/ith  the  beacon,  to  the  fouth- 
ward  the  Goofeberry  rock  bears  only  i  z 
minutes.  The  weftern  dry  breaker  ex- 
tends from  28  to  32;  and  the  eaftern  from 
31  to  32.  Halfway  rock  with  the  bea- 
con from  Cat  I.  is  65   to  the  fouthward. 

Gore  TJla7ii,  difcovered  by  Cant.  Cook,  in 
his  laft  voyage.     N  lat.  64,  W  Ion.  169. 

Gor^ontua^  a  remarkably  high  rock,  on 
the  N  lliore  of  lake  Superior,  in  U.  Cana 
da,  lying  at  a  fmall  diftance,  and  fouthcr- 
ly  of  the  point  which  forms  Michipicoteh 
bay,  to  the  fouthward  and  eaftward,  the 
rock  is  hollow,  v/ith  an  opening  into  it. 

Smyth. 
Gorta  St.  Maria  la,  a  fmfdl  id  and  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  K  lat.  26  35,  W  Ion.  135. 

Gorg-<7«a,  a  fmall  ill  and  about  12  miles 
W  of  the  coaft  of  Peru,  S  lat.  3  xo. 

Gorham,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  E  lide  of  Saco  river,  1^ 
miles  from  Pepperelborough  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  and  130  miles  N  by  E  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1764,  and 
has  2503  inhabitants. 

Gofchgojcluenci^  a  town  of  thcDelawarcs, 
eonlifting  of  3  villages  lituated  on  the 
banks  of  the  Ohio.  Its  name  fignifies 
fhe  habitation  of  oivls^  from  the  number  of 
thefe  birds  that  refort  here. 

Gosfteld  T'oiunjhip,  in  Effex  co.  U.  Canada, 
is  (ituated  upon  lake  Erie,  and  lies  W  of 
Morfea. 

Gojben,  a  townfhip  in  Hampshire  co. 
Maffachufetts,  between  Cummington  and 
Conway,  14  miles  north  of  Northampton, 
and  1 1 2  W  by  N  of  Bofton.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1 7  81,  and  contains  7  24  inhab- 
itants. 

Gnjhcn^  a  towhfliip  in  Vermont,  lying 
part  in  Addiibn  co.  and  part  in  Caledonia 
CO.  adjoining  to  SaHft)ury  on  the  W,  and  aI 
miles  N  E  by  E  of  Mount  Independence. 
Gujben,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  co.  Pcnn- 
fylvania,  has  966  inhabitawts. 

Gn/b."n,  atov/n  in  Litchfield  co.  Con- 
nc(Slicut,  famous  for  the  production  of  ex- 
cellent cheefe.  It  is  7  miles  N  W  of 
Xitchfield,  and  has  149^  :ah:ibiM9)t«. 


G'JLeny  the  moft  confiderable  town  \tt 
Orange  co.  N.  York,  about  58  miles  N  of 
N.  York  city,  20  W  by  S  of  New  Winafor, 
and  30  W  by  S  of  FilL  Kill.  This  town 
is  pleafantly  lituated,  containing  about  60 
or  70  compa<5b  houfes,  an  academy,  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  Prefoyterian  church; 
The  townfliip  contains  2563  inhabitants, 
Heie  is  a  poft  office. 

Gojhen,  in  Loudon  co,  Virginia,  vher^  is 
a  poft  office,  37  miles  from  \Vaihing;or/. 

Grf'un,  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  Main, 
has  270  inhabitants. 

Gnjb^rjh'nihy  a  Moravian  fettlement  ia 
Pennfylvania,  fituated  on  Alleghany  river, 
about  15  miles^  above  Ve.iango,  or  Fort 
Franklin. 

Gofport.,  formerly  called  Apphdcre,  a 
fiftiingtown  on  Star  inand,cne» of  the  iiies 
of  Shoals,  belonging  to  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Harnpliiire,  containing  85  mhabicants. 
It  lias  about  12  miles  E  S  E  of  Pifcataqua 
harbour.   'See  Shods. 

Gotham,  a  fmall  village  in  Maryland^ 
about  4  or  5  miles  north  of  Bnltimoi-e  city, 

Govandnre,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Chili* 

Gctv^'ns  Store,  in  Greenville  co.  N.  C:i.r- 
olina,  wliere  is  a  poft  office  536  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Go-ujc-r  TciunJtipjWes  on  the  W.  fide  of 
the  river  Radeau  in  U.  'Canada,  and  is  th* 
fecond  townXhip  in  aic^nding  that  river. 

Smyths 

Gracias  a  Dois,  a  town  belonging'to  the 
province  of  Honduras,  or  Comaiagiia,  and 
audience  of  Guatimala.  It  is  lituated  at 
the  mouth  of  a  river  upon  a  rocky  moun- 
tain, which  has  fome  gold  mines  in  il* 
neighbourhood.  It  was  built  the  fr.me 
year  as  was  Vallidolid,  the  capital,  (from 
wliich  it  lies  about  27  leagues  to  the  W) 
for  the  fecurity  of  the  miners.  A!fo  a 
cape  on  this  coaft  difcovered  by  Colum- 
bus, Nlat.  14  36,  W  Ion.  04  12. 

Grafton,  a  town  in  V/indham  co.  Ver- 
mont, chartered  by  the  name  of  To?rJi:fcr:, 
the  alteration  of  the  name  made  in  i  791 
It  contains    1149  inhabitants,  and  lies  W 
of  Rockingham,  adjoining. 

Grafton  Co.  m  N.  Hampfhire,  is  bound- 
ed N  by  Canada  ;  S  by  the  counties  of 
Strafford,  nillfborough  and  Chefliire  ;  W 
by  the  ftate  of  Vermont,  and  E  by  the  dii- 
trict  of  Maine.  It  comprehends  nearly 
ai  much  territory  as  all  the  other  four 
counties,  but  is  by  no  means  io  thickly 
fettled.  It  is  divided  into  co  tov/nlhips, 
and  17  locations,  and  contains  23,093  in- 
habitants. 

Grafiin,  a  poft  t©wa  in-  the  co.  of  its 

Rime 


Git  A 


C  R  A 


llfAKe  in  N.  HampOilre,  13  iirllcs  S  E  of 
Dartmouth  college,  and  19  S  W  of  Ply- 
mouth. It  was  incorporated  in  l^yS,  and 
contains  682  inhabitants.  Lap-s  fpecni.irls, 
coramonly  called  iling  glafs,  of  the  bed 
quality,  is  found  in  this  town,  in  a  moun- 
tain about  20  miles  eaftward  of  Dartmouth 
college.  It  is  found  adhering  to  the  rocks 
of  white  or  yellow  quartz,  and  lying  in 
iarain;ii,  like  flieets  of  paper.  It  is  found 
in  other  places  in  the  iLite  in  i'raaller 
pieces. 

Grafton,  the  HjJ[jnam:fco  of  the  Indians, 
2  tovvniliip  in  Woroefler  co.  Maifachi:- 
fctts,  cont'iinlng  f)?^  inhabitants  ;  40 
BiUes  S  W  of  Boftou,  8  f^aaerly  of  Worcef- 
ter,  and  34  N  W  of  ProvMence. 

Gralng!'*-,  Fort,  ftands  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  mouth  of  Holfton  river,  in  'I'cneilce, 
a  i  miles  below  Kuoxville. 

Grai':ger,  a  CO.  in  the  diftrlc^  of  Ilamil- 
t<m,  TenefTee,  formed  of  parts  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Knox,  jefFerfon  and  Hawkins.  It 
is  bound(d  N  by  Virginia  and  Kentucky. 
Ita  principal  waters  aie  Iloiffcan,  Glints, 
and  Powells  rivers.  Clilef  town  Rutledg^?. 
It  has  fe\'eral  Iiuge  mouniains,  between 
%vhich  the  valleys  are  very  fertile.  It 
contains  7367  inhabitants,  of  whom  496 
are  flakes. 

Graifo  VAnce  la^  a  feltlemcnt  in  Leu- 
ifiana. 

Granada,  or  Grenada,  the  mofl:  fov.therly 
©f  the  Caribbee  Illands  in  the  W  Indies, 
fituated  betv/ecn  11  58  and  12  zo  N  lat. 
and  between  61  20  and  61  '^■,$  W  Ion. 
about  20  leagues  N  W  of  Tobago,  and  20 
IT  of  New  Andalufia,  on  the  continent  of 
America;  30  leag'ies  S  W  of  Barbadoes, 
and  70  from  Martinico.  Its  extreme 
length  is  about  28  miles,  and  its  breadth 
13  miles.  It  contains  about  80,000  acres 
of  land;  of  which  (although  no  lefs  than 
72,141  acres  paid  tayes  in  1776, yet)  the 
quantity  under  cultivation  never  exceed- 
ed 50,000  acres.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
try is  mountainous,  but  not  inacceirible  in 
any  part  ;  and  it  abounds  with  fprings 
and  rivulets.  The  exports  of  the  ifland 
audits  dependencies  in  1776,  were  valued 
at  the  \x>rts  of  fliippi ng,  to  be  worth 
600,000/.  fterling.  The  fugar  was  the 
produce  of  106  plantations ;  and  they 
were  worked  by  '8,793  negroe"^  ;  whicli 
was  more  than  a  hogfliead  of  Mufcovado 
fugar  of  i6cwt.  from  the  labour  of  each 
11:  gro,  old  ai>d  young,  employed  in  its  cul- 
tivation and  manufacture  ;  a  return  une- 
qualled by  any  oth.er  Brittfli  iiland  in  the 
W.    Iivlicfr,  St»     Chiirijphcr'jj    excc-pie-J 


The  exports  of  1787  were  inferior  :  \rf 
the  prices  in  London,  the  value  of  the 
cargoes  was,  however,  ;^. 614,908  9  3  an4 
conliiled  of  the  follov/ing  articles  fliipped 
olT  in  188  vellels,  viz.  i75,54Scwt.  9lbs< 
higar  ;  670,390  galls,  of  rum  ;  4300  galls, 
molaii'es  :  88i2cwt.  2qrs.  4lbs.  coffee  ; 
2  7i6cvsrt.  3qrs.  i81bs.  cocoa  ;  2,062,427 
lbs.  cotton  ;  28ioll)s.  indigo  ;  befide  liides, 
dying  woods,  &c.  The  expoits  to  the 
American  States,  included  in  the  above 
lum,  amounted  to  ^  24,597  4/  This  ill- 
.uid  is  divided  into  fix  parities,  St. 
George,  St.  David.  St.  Andrew,  St.  Pn trick, 
St.  Mark,  and  St.  John  ;  and  its  chief  de- 
pendency, Cariacou  ifiand  .  fornife  a  7th 
paridi.  Befide  St.  George's,  the  capital, 
the  other  towns  are  inconfiderable  vil- 
lages, generally  fuuated  at  the  bays  or 
{liij)ping  places  in  the  feveral  parillies. 
Beiide  the  capital,  Grenvilie,  or  La  Bay,  is 
.1  j)ort  of  entry,  with  diltinci  revenue  of- 
ficers, independent  of  St.  George's.  The 
white  population  has  decreafed  confider- 
ab)y  fmce  Granada  and  the  Granadines 
v.xre  in  poireiTton  of  the  Bntilli.  In  1771 
ihcre  were  above  1600  ;  in  1777  only 
1300,  and  now  there  are  not  above  looo': 
of  vVlsich  number,  two  thirds  are  'in- 
corporated into  five  regiments  of  militiai 
ncludiiig  a  company  of  free  blacks  or 
mulattoes,,  attached  to  each.  There  are 
likewife  about  500  regular  troops  on  the 
Britilli  ellablifliment.  I'he  free  people 
of  c(j1out  amount  to  11 15.  In  1785  there 
were  23,926  negro  flaves.  The  above 
was  the  .{t;ite  of  the  idarid  prior  to  the 
late  iufurredlion.  A  chain  of  mountains  ^ 
crofres  the  iflaiid  from  N  to  S;  The  air  \^ 
good  ;  and  the  Ibil  fruitful  in  all  produc- 
tions common  to  the  climate.  Several  of 
the  rivers  have  their  fource  in  a  lake  of  a 
circular  form,  called  Grand  Jitang,  in  the- 
higheft  ground  in  the  ifland.  The  high 
road  which  runs  nearly  the  whole  length 
of  the  iiland  is  very  near  it  ;  and  on  thr^ 
(^ppofite  lideof  the  road,  in  this  elevated 
fpotjis  a  genteel  tavern,  for  the  accommo- 
dat'cn  of  travellers.  Plere  the  air  is  al- 
ways cooled  by  reficlliing  breezes  ;  and 
the  profpecT:  is  delightful  and  extenfive. 
On  the  fea  coaft,  .-.bou*.  half  way  frmi  St. 
George's  to  Goave,  fome  of  the  high  rocks 
are  formed  into  bafiltic  columns  from  20 
to  30  feet  high,  and  appear  like  regular 
mafon  work,  impaired  by  time.  Granada 
was  diicovered  by  Columbus  in  his  third 
voyage  in  149!!  The  Caribbecs  wera 
a  numerous  and  warlike  people,  who  hap- 
pily remained  in  peaceful  obfcurity  until 

the 


GRA 


GRA 


the  year  1650  ;  foon  after  which  the 
Trench, by  aferies  of  enormities,  extermin- 
ated that  devoted  people.  Granada 
•Vvas  ceded  to  Great  Britain  in  1763,  was 
taken  by  the  French  during  the  Amer- 
ican war,  and  at  the  peace  of  1783  was 
reftored  to  Great  Britain. 

Granada,  a  town  of  Nicaragua  and  au- 
dience of  Guatimrda,  in  S.  America.  It  is 
ieated  70  miles  from  the  fea,  on  a  lake  of 
the  fame  name,  by  means  of  which  the 
inhabitants  carry  on  a  groat  trade.  John 
X)avid,  a  Dutchman,  pillaged  this  town 
in  the  laft  century  with  90  men,  when 
oppofed  bv  at  leail:  800  inhabitants.  N 
lat.  II  28,  W  Ion.  87. 

Granada^  Nctv,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.  America.  It  contains  mines  of 
gold,  copper,  and  iron.  Santa  Fe  de  Ba- 
gota  is  the  capital. 

Granadillocs,  or  Gr^;.W/,7/?j-,  a  knot  of  dan- 
gerous iflands,  and  rocks  near  the  lee- 
ward iflands,  where  the  greatcfl  channel 
is  but  3  or  4  leagues  broad.  They  lie 
About  the  1 8th  degree  of  latitude,  and  are 
a  range  of  fmall  iilands  and  rocks  depen- 
dent on  Granada.  This  archipelago, 
whofe  length  is  about  14  leagues,  contains 
23  iflands  fit  to  produce  cotton,  coffee,  in-- 
digo,  and  even  fugar.  The  ^ir  is  healthy, 
but  there  are  no  running  fprings  of 
frefli  water.  The  moft  conliderable  at 
the  N  end  of  the  chain  is  not  above  two 
leagues  from  St.  Vincent,  and  is  called  Be- 
couya,  or  Bequia  ;  but  the  French  called 
it  Little  Martinico.  Befide  this,  there 
iire  the  iflands  of  Mofkitos  and  Cannaou- 
a'n  ;  Frigate  and  Union  iflands  are  be- 
tween Becouya  and  Cariacou.  The  Gri- 
fon,  and  the  Diamond  on  Rhonde  Iflands, 
are  the  two  principal  ones  among  thofe 
which  fill  up  the  interval  between  Caria- 
cou and  Granada. 

Granby,  a  toWnfliip  in  Effex  co.  Ver- 
mont, has  69  inhabitants. 

Granhyj  a  townthip  in  Hampfhire  co. 
MafTachufetts,  E  of  S.  Hadley,  about  94 
Iniles  weflerly  of  Bofton  ;  v^-as  incorporat- 
ed in  1768,  and  contains  786  inhabitants. 
Granby,  a  townfliip  in  Hartford  co. 
Connecticut,  on  the  line  which  feparates 
ConnetSticut  from  Maffachufetts.  It  was 
formerly  a  part  of  Symfoury,  and  is  18 
miles  N  of  Hartford,  and  has  CI735  inhab- 
itants. 

Granby,  a  fmall  town  on  the  Congarce, 
in  S.  Carolina,  about  %  miles  below  the 
junction  of  Broad  and  Saluda  rirers,  at 
the  head  of  navigation.  It  is  a  place 
of  confulerable  commerce.  Here  a  curi- 
Vo/..  I.  A  a 


,  ous  bridge  has  been  built,  whofe  arche* 
j  are  lupported  by  wooden  pillars,  flrongly 
fecurediniron  work,fi:ced  in  thelblid  rock. 
I  Its  height  is  40  feet  above  the  level  of  tha 
water.  The  centre  arch  is  upwards  of 
100  feet  in  the  clear,  to  give  a  paitage  to 
large  trees  which  are  always  brought 
dowa  by  the  floods.  The  ingenious  ar- 
chiteA  has  the  toll  fecured  to  liim  by  the 
iegiflature  for  100  years. 

Grande,  a  river  in  Peru,  near  CaVanta  ; 
remirkable  for  its  fands  enriched  with 
gold  duft. 

Grand  Bay,  on  the  S  W  coafl  of  New- 
foundland ifland,  19  leagues  N  E  of  N. 
Cape,  in  the  ifland  of  Cape  Breton. 

Grande  Ri'viere,  a  fettlement  in  a  hilly 
tracT:  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  6| 
leagues  S  W  of  Fort  Dauphin,  and  /^\ 
leagues  N  by  E  of  St.  Raphael,  in  the 
Spanifli  part  of  the  ifland,  N  lat.  19  34,  W 
Ion.  from  Paris  74  30.  Alfo  the  name  of 
a  fmall  river,  in  the  fame  ifland,  which 
rifes  at  Limonade,  and  empties  into  the 
fea  at  Qr.  Morin,  5  leagues  E  of  Cape 
Francois. 

Grande  Ritjiere,  on  the  northern  fide  o£ 
Chaleur  Bay,  is  about  6  leagues  W  N  W 
of  Cape  Defpair.     Here  is  a  cod  fiflierv. 

Grande  Seaux,  an  Indian  nation,  who  in- 
habit S  of  the  Miilburi,  and  can  furnifh 
800  warriors. 

Grand  Fathers,  feveral  large  detached 
mountains  in  the  S  E  corner  of  Teneffee, 
in  which  are  the  head  waters  of  French 
Broad,  and  Cataba  rivers 

Grand  TJle,  a  new  CO.  in  Vermont,  in  the 
N  W  corner  of  the  ftate,  incorporated 
Nov.  1 80a,  embracing  the  towns  of  North 
Middle  and  South  Hero,  Vineyard  (late 
Ifle  Motte)  and  Alburgh. 

Grand  Ijles,  are  two  large  iflands  in 
Lake  Champlain  ;  each  about  8  or  10 
miles  long  ;  each  forms  a  townfhip  be- 
longing to  Vermont.  Sec  South  Hero  and 
North  Here. 

Grand  Ijland,  at  the  mouth  of  Lake  On- 
tario, is  within  the  Britifli  territories,  hav- 
ing Roebuck  and  Foreft  iflands  on  the  S 
"W,  and  the  Thoufand  Ifles  on  the  N  E. 
It  is  zo  miles  in  length,  and  its  greatefl: 
breadth  is  4  miles. 

Grand  IJIand,  in  Lake  Superior,  lies  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  lake. 

Grand  JJlar.d,  in  Niagara  river,  is  about 
6  miles  long  and  3  broad.  The  S  end  is  4 
miles  N  of  Fort  Erie ;  and  its  northern 
extremity,  3  miles  S  of  Fort  Sluflier,  and 
nearly  14  S  of  Niagara  fort. 

Grand  Lake,  in  the  province  of  N.Brunf- 

vrick. 


GRA 


GRA 


wlclc,  near  the  rivet  St.  John's,  is  fald  to 
be  50  miles  in  length,  8  or  10  in  breadth, 
and  in  fome  places  40  fathoms  deep. 

Gratid  Manan  JJland,  lies  6  miles  S  by  S 
E  of  Campo  Bello  I fland,  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  cppofite  to  PalTamaqiicddy  Bay, 
on  the  eaftern  border  of  the  United  States. 

Grand  Marjh,  in  the  weftern  diftri(5t,  lies 
in  the  rear  of  the  pariflies  of  rAlTomption 
and  Petite  Cote  on  tlie  Detroit,  in  U.  Gaiv 
ada,  and  communicates  with  Lake  St. 
Clair,  oppolite  to  Peach  liland,  and  with 
the  flrait  oppoiite  to  Fighting  Ifland. 

Grand,  OX  Oufc  R.  runs  from  the  N  W 
into  I«ike  Erie,  %o  miles  below  the  Forks, 
80  miles  S  W  of  Prefque  Ille.  The  mouth 
of  tliis  river  is  a  good  harbour  for  vefl'els 
of  60  tons.  The  remains  of  the  Mohawk 
Indians,  with  Capt.  Jofeph  JSrandt  at 
their  head,  Hve  on  this  river.  See  ilibw- 
haivk  Village 

Grand,  or  Otfaiva  R.  in  U.  Canada,  is 
that  channel  which  conveys  the  waters  of 
lake  Tomifcanning  till  they  make  a  junc- 
tion with  thofc  of  the  St.  Lawrence  a  little 
above  Montreal.  This  river  is  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  U.  Canada,  and  the  route 
wliich  is  1  aken  by  the  L.  Canada  traders 
to  the  N  W  ;  the  birch  canoes  which  go 
to  the  N  W  country,  pafs  up  this  river 
with  their  merchandife,  and  defcend  with 
peltries.  There  are  many  rapids  on  this 
communication.  St?iyih, 

Grange,  Cape  La,  or  Cape  Monte  Chr'ijl, 
on  the  N  iide  of  the  ifiand  of  St.  Domingo. 
It  is  a  higli  hill,  in  the  form  of  a  tent,  and 
may  be  feen  by  the  naked  eye  at  Cape 
Francois,  from  which  it  is  14  leagues  E 
by  N.  A  ftrlp  of  land  joins  it  to  the  ter- 
ritory of  Monte  Chrifl  ;  fo  that  at  a  dif- 
tance  it  feems  to  be  an  illand.  The  i 
cruifers  from  Jamaica  often  lie  ofF  here. 
This  cap^'  lies  in  lat  19  54  30  N,  and  Ion. 
74  9  o  W  from  Paris  ;  and  with  Point 
de  Dunes  form:;  the  mouth  of  the  bay  of 
Monte  Chrift  ;  which  fee. 

Grange  R.  in  U.  Canada,  empties  itfelf 
Into  a  bay  of  that  name  on  the  N  fliore  of 
lake  Superior,  W'  of  the  Cris.  This  river 
leads  to  Nipigcn,  a  place  which  was  for- 
merly remurkable  for  furniihing  the  beft 
beaver  and  martin,  and  was  the  farthefl 
advanced  pofl  of  the  French  traders^  at 
thetime  that  Great  Britain  conquered  Can- 
ada. Smyth. 
^  Grantham  Totvnjh'-p,  in  th.e  CO.  of  Lin- 
coln. U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Newark,  and 
fronting  lake  Ontario. 

Granville,  a  fine  townfhip  in  Annapolis 
«o.  Nova  Scotia.     It  lie*  on  the  N  iide  of 


Annapolis  river,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundyt 
and  is  30  miles  in  length  ;  firft  fettled 
from  N.  England. 

Granville,  a  townfliip  In  Hampfliire  co. 
MaiTachufetts,  about  14  miles  W  of 
Springfield .  It  vsras  incorporated  in  1 754, 
and  contains  2309  inhabitants. 

Granville,  a  poll  town  in  WafliingtOM 
CO.  N.  York,  containing  3175  inhabitants. 

Granville  Co.  in  HlUlborough  diftritSt  in 
N.  Carolina,  has  the  flate  of  Virginia  N, 
and  contains  14,015  inhabitants,  of  whom 
6106  are  flaves.  Chief  town,  William.f- 
burg. 

Granville,  or  Greenville,  a  flonrifiiing 
town  in  Kentucky,  Mecklenburgh  co. 

Grafs  R.  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  York 
flate,  rifes  near  the  main  branch  of  Black 
R.  and  runs  N  N  W  about  50  miles,  tlien 
N  E  40  miles,  and  is  loft  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence. It  is  a  rapid  river,  allbrds  many 
mill  feats,  and  near  the  mouth,  its  banks 
produce  great   quantities  of  hay. 

Grafs,  a  river  in  New  South  Wales. 

Grave  Creek,  on  tlie  Ohio,  12  mile* 
down  the  river  from  Wheeling.  Here  i» 
a  mound  of  earth,  ph.inly  the  work  of  art, 
cklled  an  Indian  grave.  It  is  of  a  conical 
form,  in  height  about  80  feet.  It  afcends 
in  an  angle  of  about  oo"^.  The  diameter 
at  the  top  is  about  60  feet  ;  the  margin 
enclofing  a  regular  concave,  funk  about 
4  feet  in  the  centre.  Near  the  top  ftand* 
an  oak,  about  3  feet  in  diameter.  It  i» 
faid  the  Indians  have  no  tradition  what 
nation  ever  buried  their  dead  in  this 
manner.  On  examination,  thefe  mound* 
have  been  found  to  contain  a  chalky  fub- 
ftance,  fuppofed  to  be  bones  of  the  human 
kind. 

Gravcfend,  Port  of,  is  fituated  on  the  S 
W  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  in  a  large 
bay.  It  has  two  channels  ;  the  Lee- 
ward and  the  Main  Channel,  and  afiord* 
good  anchorage  for  large  vefiels. 

Gravcfend,  a  fmall  village  in  King'5  co. 
L.  liland,  N.  York,  7  miles  N  by  E  of  the 
city.  The  townfliip  of  its  name  contain* 
489  inhabitants. 

Gravois,  Riviere  au,  in  the  MilTafaga 
land,  on  the  N  fide  of  lake  Ontario,  U. 
Canada,  runs  into  that  lake  between  Bur- 
lington Bay  and  River  au  Credai.    Smyth. 

Gray,  a  poft  town  in  Maine,  Cumber- 
land CO.  15  miles  N  by  W  of  Portland. 
The  townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1778, 
and  contains  987  inhabitants. 

Grayfon,  a  county  of  Virginia  on  the 
upper  waters  of  the  Great  Kanhawa.  It 
contains  ^74^  free  inhabitants,  and  170 

ftavci. 


GRE 

Haves.  Its  form  is  triangular  ;  the  Icngefl 
line  is  about  50  miles,  its  widcfi:  place  15 
miles.  It  is  very  mountainous,  not  more 
than  a  fifth  part  being  arable.  Tlie  moun- 
tains are  loaded  with  timber,  and  abound 
in  iron  ore.  Two  fet  of  Iron  works  are 
erected.  The  court  houle  is  in  lat.  36 
35  N,  250  miles  S  W  of  Richmond.  At 
the  court  houfe  is  a  pofl  office,  386  miles, 
from  Waflaington. 

Great  Bank  of  Neivfoundland.  This  noted 
fifhing  bank  extends  from  N  to  S,  and  is 
almoll  of  a  triangular  fliape.  Between 
it  and  the  illand  on  the  W  is  a  broad 
channel  of  deep  water.  It  lies  between 
41  and  50  24  N  lat.  and  between  49  45 
and  54  45  W  Ion. 

Great  Bdar  Lake,  a  water  which  runs 
weftward,  and  falls  into  M'Kenzie's 
river,  in  the  N  W  part  of  N.  An\erica  ;  not 
far  from  the  arcSlic  circle.  Its  mouth  is 
ajo  yards  wide. 

Great  All/initor  D'lftnal.       See  D'ifTnah 

Great  Barrington,  a  poft  town  in  MalTa- 
chufetto,  Berkiliire  co.  S  of  Stockbridge, 
150  miles  W  of  Bofton,  and  a6  E  by  S  of 
liudfon  city,  N.  York.    Inhabitants  1 754. 

Great  Cape,  in  U.  Canada,  on  the  N 
fide,  v^here  lake  Superior  defcends  into 
the  narrows  of  the  fall  St.  Mary. 

Great  Fufnine,  a  river  in  N.  York,  which 
rifes  in  the  mountains  near  the  fource  of 
Oneida  river,  and  runs  N  W  by  W  to  L. 
Ontario.  Its  mouth  is  10  miles  S  wefter- 
ly  from  the  mouth  of  Black  river. 

Great  E^  Harbour,  &,c.  See  Evg  Har- 
iour. 

Great  IJland,  ixi  Pifcataqua  harbour,  N. 
Hamplliire. 

Great  Kanhaivay,  a  river  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  in  the  Alleghany  niomitains 
of  N.  Carolina,  and  in  a  N  W  diredtion 
pafles  into  Virginia,  thence  winding  to 
the  N,  it  receives  Green  Briar,  then  turn- 
ing N  N  W,  it  receives  Elk  river,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  285  miles  below  Pittl- 
burg,  in  39  5  N  lat.  being  500  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth.  The  current  Is  gentle  for 
about  10  or  iz  miles,  when  it  becomes 
conliderably  rapid  for  upwards  of  60 
miles  farther,  where  you  meet  with  the 
firft  falls,  wlien  It  becomes  impoUlbie  to 
navigate  it  from  tlie  great  number  of 
its  cataratSls. 

Great.  Mecaihia,  an  ifland  on  the  Lab- 
rador coafl:  Its  fouthern  extremity  lies 
iii  50  43  N.  lat. 

Great  Pelican  IJJanii.     See  Pelican, 

Great  Sodas.     See  iSodus. 

Great  Swa/fip,  between  Northampton 


GHE 

and  Lucern  counties,  in  Pennfylvania, 
This  fv/amp,  on  examination  and  furvey, 
is  found  to  be  good  fai-m  land  ;  thickly 
covered  with  beach  and  fugar  maple. 

Great  Ridge,  one  oi  the  ridges  of  the  Al- 
leghany Mountains,  which  feparates  the 
waters  of  the  Savannah  and  Alatamaha. 
At  the  S  E  promontory  of  the  Great 
Ridge  is  that  extraordinary  place  called 
Buffaloe  Lick,  diftant  about  80  miles  from 
Augulla.  It  occupies  feveral  acres  of 
ground.  A  large  cane  fwamp  and  mead- 
ows, forming  an  immenfe  plain,  lies  S  E 
from  it;  in  tliis  fv*'amp  Mr.  Bartram 
thinks  the  branches  of  the  Great  Ogeeche 
take  their  I'ife.  The  Lick  Is  nearly  level, 
and  Hes  between  the  head  of  the  cane 
fwamp,  and  the  afcent  of  the  Ridge.  The 
earth,  from  the  iuperfices  to  an  unknov/n 
depth,  is  an  aimolt  white  or  cinerous 
coloured,  tenacious,  fattlfli  clay,  which  all 
kinds  of  cattle  lick  Into  great  caves,  pur- 
iulng  the  delicious  vein.  Mr.  Bartram 
could  not  difcover  any  thing  fahne  In  its 
talte,  but  an  inlipid  iweetnefs.  Horned 
cattle,  horfes,and  deer,  are  Immoderately 
fond  of  it ;  inlbmuchthat  their  eicrement, 
which  aimolt  totally  covers  the  earth  to 
fume  diftance  i-ound  this  place,  appears  to 
be  perfect  clay  ;  which  wliea  dried  by 
tlie  fun  and  air,  is  aimolt  as  hard  as 
brick. 

Great  S/^rifigs,  is  an  amazing  fountain  of 
tranfparent,  cool  water,  htuated  near  the 
road,  about  midway  between  Auguila  and 
Savannah.  It  breaks  fuddenly  out  of  the 
earth  at  the  bails  of  amoderateiy  elevat- 
ed hill  or  bank,  forming  at  once  a  bafoa- 
near  20  yards  over,  alcending  through  a. 
horizontal  bed  of  foft  rocks,  chicily  a 
teftaceous  concretion  of  broken,  entire, 
and  pulverized  fea  ihells,  land  '^sc.  conlli- 
tut.ng  a  coarfe  kind  of  Kmcltone.  liie 
ebullition  is  copious,  ad;ive,aud  continual, 
over  the  ragged  apertures  In  che  rocks,, 
which  lie  7  or  8  feet  below,  Iwcliing  the 
furface,  conliderably,  immedialely  aboVe^ 
it  ;  the  waters  defeend  fwittiy  tro*ii  the 
fountain,  farming  at  once  a  large  broodv,  6 
or  8  yardo  over,  and  5  or  6  feet  deep. 
There  are  multitudes  of  liili  in  the  foun- 
tain of  various  tribes  ;  chiefiv  the  feveral 
fpecies  of  bream,  trout,  cat  filli,  and  garr, 
which  are  beheld  continually  alcending 
and  defcending  through  the  rocky  appcr- 
tures.  Bartram,  from  whofe  travels  the 
above  is  taken,  obferves,  that  he  croiTed 
no  ftream  or  brook  of  water  within  12  or 
15  miles  of  this  fountain,  but  liad  in  view 
vaft  iavannahs,  fvfampa,and  caneincadows, 

whish. 


GRE 


G  RE 


vt'hlch  he  conjeAures  are  the  refen^olrs 
which  feed  this  dehghlful  grotto. 

Gnat  IVorisy  a  ftream  about  lo  miles 
long,  which  runs  into  Penobfcot  on  its  E 
fide,  in  tovvnfliip  No.  4,  about  10  miles 
above  the  head  of  the  tide,  and  z  below 
the  Great  Falls,  oppohte  Marfli's  Ifland. 
There  are  large  tradts  of  valuable  meadow 
and  intervale,  and  good  mill  feats  on  this 
ftream.  See  Oiler  Stream,  a  branch  of 
Great  Works. 

Grea:^,  a  county  in  Wafhington  diftridl, 
llaie  of  TejiefTee.  In  tliis  county  are 
Smoaky  and  Bays  mountains.  Near  the 
banks  of  French  Broad  are  the  Warm 
Springs,  efficacious  in  fcorbutic  and  rheu- 
matic complaints.  It  has  7610  inhabit- 
ants. 

Green,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  39  miles 
fquare,  bounded  N  E  by  Lincoln.  It  is 
well  watered  by  Green  R.  and  its  branch- 
es. Inhabitants  6025,  of  vyhom  816  are 
ilaves 

Green,  a  towniliip  in  Franklin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania.  Alfo,  a  townfhip  in  Wafhington 
CO.  in  the  fame  ftate. 

Green,  a  pod:  town  in  Kennebeck  co.. 
Maine,  fituated  the  E  fide  of  Androfooggia 
river,  31  miles  W  by  S  of  Plttfton,  39  N 
of  Portland,  and  164  N  by  E  of  Bofion, 
containing  933  inhabitants. 

Green, Si  co.of  N.York,  taken  fromUlfler 
and  Albany  counties.  It  lies  on  the  W 
lide  of  the  Hudfon,  extending  50  miles 
W  from  the  river.  Inhabitants  15,870. 
Chief  town,  Kaatikill. 

Green,  a  co.of  Pennfylvania, bounded  N 
by  Waihington,  S  and  W  by  Virginia,  E 
by  Moncngahela  river,  23  niiles  long, 
1 8  broad.  Some  of  its  ftreams  fall  into 
the  Ohio,  others  into  the  Monongahela. 
Inhabitants  8605. 

Green,  a  navigable  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  rifes  in  fiercer  co.  has  a  gentle 
current,  and  is  navigable  nearly  150  miles. 
Its  courfe  is  generally  W,  and  at  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Ohio  is  upwards  of  aoo 
yards  wide.  Between  the  mouth  of  Green 
river  and  Salt  river,  a  diftance  of  nearly 
200  mJles,  the  land  upon  the  banks  of  the 
Ohio  are  generally  fertile  and  rich  :  but, 
leaving  its  banks,  you  fall  into  the  plain 
country,  which  is  confidered  as  little  bet- 
ter than  barren  land.  On  this  river  are 
a  number  of  Salt  fprings  or  licks.  'I'here 
are  3  fprings  or  ponds  of  bitumen  r^car 
this  river,  which  do  not  form  a  ftream, 
but  empty  themfeives  into  a  common  re- 
fervoir,  and  when  ufcd  in  lamps,  anfwers 
all   the   purpofes   of  the  beft   oil.     Vafl 


quantities  of  nitre  are  found  in  the  cave*, 
on  its  banks ;  and  many  of  the  fettlers^ 
raanufadlure  their  own  gunpowder. 

Green,  R  county  of  N.  Carolina,  Ncw- 
bern  diftridt,  containing  4x18  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1496  are   flaves. 

Green,  a  county  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio. 

Green  Bay,  or  Ptian  Bay,  a  S  wcftern 
branch  of  Lake  Michigan.  See  Michigan^ 
Pv.an,  and  Winnebago. 

Green,  a  fmall  river  which  rifes  in  the 
town  of  Marlborough,  in  Vermont,  and 
falls  into  Connedticut  R.  above  Deerfield, 
in  Maffachufetts. 

Green  Briar,  a  large  and  fertile  county 
of  Virginia,furroundcd  by  Bath,  Randoph, 
Harrifon,  Kanhaway,  Botetourt,  and 
Montgomery  counties.  It  is  about  100 
miles  long  and  45  broad.  It  contains 
3894  free  inhabitants,  and  271  flaves. 
There  is  a  large  cave  on  Rich  creek  in 
this  county,  the  earth  at  the  bottom  of 
which  is  ftrongly  impregnated  with  ful- 
phur.  Many  lucli  are  to  be  found  on 
Green  Briar  R.  The  chief  town  is  Lew- 
ilburg.  At  Green  Briar  court  hcufe  is  a 
port  office,  30  miles  W  by .  S  of  Swce^ 
Springs,  and  103  W  of  Staunton. 

Grei:n  Briar  R.  runs  a  S  W  courfe,  and 
falls  into  the  eaftern  fide  of  the  (ireat 
Kanhaway,  at  the  place  where  that  river 
breaks  through  the  Laurel  Ridge,  and  op- 
poiite  to  the  mouth  of  New  R.  in  N  lat. 

Greenbtirgh,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Chefter 
CO. N.York,  containing  15 81  inhabitants. 

Greenhujb,  a  townflxip  in  Renfl'alaer  co. 
N.York.     It  has  3472  inhabitants. 

Green,  a  poft  tov/n  in  Franklin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, fituated  near  the  Conegocheague 
creek.  Here  are  about  80  houfes,  1  Ger- 
man churches,  and  a  Preflivtcrian  church. 
It  is  II  miles  S  by  W  of  Chamberfl^urg, 
and  156  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia,  and  has 
884  inhabitants. 

Green,  a  county  in  Kentucky,  extending 
from  Oliio  ?^^ .  on  the  N,  to  Tenef^'ee  ftate 
on  the  S,  and  bordering  W  on  the  Mifli- 
fippi  R.  and  E  upon  Hardin  and  Jeftcrfon 
counties. 

Greene,  a  county  in  Wafhington  diftridt 
in  Teuefiee,  having  7610  inhabitants,  of 
whom  471  are  flaves.  Greeneville  Col- 
lege has  been  eftabliflied'by  law  in  this 
county.  It  is  fituated  between  two  fmall 
northern  brands  es  of  Nolachucky  R. 
about  zh  n^i'es  S  by  W  of  Greeneville,  the 
county  town,  25  N  W  by  W  of  Jonet- 
borough,  and  75  E  of  Knoxville.  Tq 
the  honor  of  the  people  of  Teneffee,  their 


ORE 


GRE 


parliefl  legiflative  attention  was  direcited 
to  the  education  of  youth  and  the  inter- 
cft  of  fcience.  This  feiainary  was  char- 
tered in  the  year  1794,  l>y  the  firfl:  act  of 
the  firfl  aflenibly  of  the  South  Weftern 
Territory  When  the  ftate  government 
came  into  operation,  it  adopted  and  fanc- 
tioned  all  the  unrepealed  adls  of  the  Ter- 
ritory as  its  own  laws  In  the  number  of 
thefe  was  comprehended  the  charter  of 
Greeneville  College.  Ey  this,  fourteen 
truftees,  including  the  prelident,  were  ap- 
pointed and  incorporated,  with  full  pow- 
er to  hold  the  property  and  luperintend 
the  concerns  of  the  College.  Eiglit  may 
conftitute  a  quorum.  The  prefident  offi- 
ciates as  moderator.  Through  his  perfe- 
vering  exertions,  a  library,  confifting  of 
between  one  and  two  thoufand  volum.es, 
has  been  procured,  a  fmall  philofophical 
apparatus  purchafcd,  and  a  convenient 
building  eredled.  From  the  beginning  of 
the  year  loco,  a  conftderable  num.ber  of 
fcholars  have  received  inftrudlion.  Since 
that  time  an  advance  has  been  made  by 
fubfcription  towards  the  eflablifliment  of 
a  permanent  fund,  and  it  is  much  to  be  de- 
iircd,that  it  may  be  crowned  with  ample 
fuccefs.  The  local  fituation  of  the  inftitu- 
tion  is  highly  favourable  to  its  utihty,  on 
account  of  iilent  retirement,  healthinefs 
of  climate,  cheapnefs  of  board,  and  near- 
nefs  to  the  moft  public  roads  in  every  di- 
rection. The  furrounding  country  is  dir 
verfified  with  lofty  mountains  and  luxuri- 
ant vallies,  with  the  woods  of  nature  and 
the  fields  of  the  planter,  with  rapid 
llreams  fpeeding  their  courfe  to  the  dif- 
tant  ocean,  and  innumerable  fprings  ever 
flowing  v/ith  the  pureft  water,  all  agree- 
ably confpiring  to  ftimulaie  and  expand, 
to  invigorate  and  enrich,  to  fablimate  and 
purify  the  youtliful  mind.  The  co.  is 
watered  by  the  French,  Broad,  and  Nol- 
achucky  rivers,  and  is  bounded  N  by 
Wafliington,  E  by  N.  Carolina,  S  by  JefFer- 
fon,  and  W  by  Hawkins  counties. 

Greene,  a  townihip  in  Chenango  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  E  ilde  of  Clienango  R.  It 
has  655  inhabitants. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  upper  diflridt  of 
Georgia,  bounded  W  by  the  tapper  part 
pf  Oconee  R.E  by  Wilkes  co.  and  Sby  that 
of  Wafliington.  It  contains  10,761  in- 
habitants, including  3657  flaves.  Chief 
town  Greenfborough. 

Greefifeld,  a  handibme,  flourifliing  poft 
town  in-  Haniplliire  co.  MalTachufetts, 
about  4  miles  N  of  Dcerfield,  and  104  W 
py  +«J  of  Bofton.     The  towufliip   lies  on 


the  W  bank  of  Connecticut  R.  was  Inc«iv 
poratedin  1753,  and  contains  1254  inhab^' 
itants.  A  com.pany  was  incorporated  in 
1796  to  build  a  bridge  over  Connecticut 
R.  to  connect  this  town  with  Montague. 

Grcetijidd,  a  poft  town  in  Saratoga  co. 
N.  York,  having  3073  inhabitants. 

Greerfeld,  a  town  in  Hilllborough  co. 
N.  Hamplliire,  containing  934  inhabitants; 

Green  JJland,  or  Serpent  JJI.ind,  one  of  the 
lefler  Virgin  iflands,  which  is  claimed  by 
the  Spaniards,  and  lituated  near  the  E  end 
of  Porto  Rico. 

Green  IJland  Harbour,  lies  on  the  weftern 
end  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  It  furniil^ea 
good  anchorage,  having  Davis's  Gove  on 
the  N  E,  and  Half  Moon  and  Orange  bays 
ontheS'W. 

Greenland,  a  town  in  Rockingham  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ocean, 
5  miles  foutherly  from  Portfmouth.  It 
Avas  incorporated  in  J  713,  and  contain* 
548  inhabitants. 

Greenland.  This  cxtenfive  country  prop- 
erly belongs  to  neither  of  tiie  two  conti- 
nents ;  uulel's,  as  feems  probable,  it  be 
united  to  America  to  the  northward  of 
Davis's  ftraits.  It  is  bounded  by  Davis's 
ftraits  on  the  W ;  to  the  northward  by 
Ibnie  unknown  ocean,  or  by  the  N  pole; 
E  by  the  Icy  fta,  and  a  ftrait  whicli  fep- 
arates  it  from  Iceland  ;  S  E  by  the  Atlan- 
tic ocean  ;  S  it  terminates  in  a  point  tail- 
ed Farewell,  in  N  lat.  59.  The  wcflern 
coaft,  which  is  waflied  by  Davis's  firaits, 
is  high,  rockv,  bad  land,  which  rears  its 
head,  clofe  to  the  fea,  in  lofty  mountains 
covered  with  fnow,  and  inacccfilhlc  cliffs, 
and  meets  the  mariner's  eye  ^o  league* 
at  fca.  The  Greenl-^nders,  recko!ied  to 
amount  to  about  7000,  live  to  the  louth- 
waid  of  the  6?,d  degree  of  N  lat.  or  as  the 
inhabitants  are  wont  to  fay,  in  the  fouth  ; 
but  no  Europeans  live  there,  fo  that  thofe 
parts  are  but  little  known.  The  Europe- 
an colonies  have  fixed  themfelves  to  the 
northward  of  lat.  61.  The  aflonifliing 
mountains  of  ice  in  this  country,  may  well 
be  recorded  among  its  grcatell  curiofities. 
Nothing  can  exhibit  a  more  dreadful,  and 
at  tlie  fame  time  a  more  da2:z!ing  appear- 
ance, than  thofe  prodigious  mallcs  of  ice 
that  furroutid  the  whole  coaft  in  various 
formis,  reflecting  a  multitude  of  colours 
from  the  funbeams,  and  c'ailing  to  mind 
the  enchanting  fcenes  of  romance;  Such 
profpe(Sls  they  yield  in  calm,  weather;  but 
when  the  wind  begins  to  blow,  and  the 
waves  to  rife  in  vaft  billows,  the  violent 
fliocks  of  thofe  pieces  of  ice,  dafliing  one 

againft; 


G  RE 


GRE 


agalnfl  another,  iill  the  mind  with  horror.. 
As  this  country  is  covered,  in  moll  places, 
■with  everlafting  ice  and  fnow,  it  is  eafy 
to  imagine  that  it  muft  be  extremely  cold. 
Among  the  vegetables  of  this  cold  coun- 
try, are  forrel  of  various  forts,  angelica, 
wild  tanfey,  fcurvy  grafs  in  great  quanti- 
ties, wild  rofemary,  dandalions  in  plenty, 
and  various  forts  of  grafs  ;  whoretieber- 
ries  and  cranberries  grow  here.     Europe- 
ans have  fown  barley  and  oats,  which 
grow  as  high  and  as  thrifty  as  in  warmer 
cUmates,  but  feldom  advance  fo  far  as  to 
ear,  and  never,  even  in  the  warmefl;  places, 
to  maturity,  becaufe  the  frofty  nights  be- 
ghi  too  foon.     Unfruitful  as  this  country 
is,  it  affords  food  for  fome,  though  but 
few  kinds  of  beafts,  which  f uruifli  the  na- 
tives with  food  and  raiment.     Of  the  wild 
game  are  white  hares,  rein  deer,  foxes, 
^nd  white  bears,  who  are  fierce  and  mif- 
chievous,  fcals,   &c.     The  Greenlanders 
have  no  tame  animals  but  a  fpecies  of 
dogs,  who  refemble  wolves.     The  Green- 
landers   believe  in   the  doitrine  of  the 
tranfmigration  of  fouls,  and   have  very 
lingular  and  romantic  notions  concerning 
a  future  ftate.     Weft  Greenland  was  firft 
peopled  by  Europeans  in  the  eighth  cen- 
tury.    At   that   time  a  company  of  Ice- 
landers, headed   by  one  Ericke  Rande, 
were  by  accident  driven  on  the   coaft. 
On  his  return  he  reprefented  the  country 
in  fuch  a  favourable  light,  that  fome  fam- 
ilies again  followed   him  thither,  virhere 
they  foon  became  a  thriving  colony,  and 
bcftowed   on  their  new    habitation    the 
name  of  GraenlandciV  Grcenlai:d,Qn  account 
cf  its  verdant  appearance.     'J "his   colony 
was  converted  to  Chrifcianity   by  a  mif- 
iionary  from  Norway,  fent  thither  by  the 
celebrated  Olaf,  the  firft  Norwegian  mon- 
arch, who  embraced   the  true   religion. 
The  Greenland  fettlemeiit  continued  to 
increafe  and  thrive  under  his  protection, 
and  in  a  lirtie  time  the  country  was  pro- 
vided with  many  towns,  churches,  con- 
vents, bifliops,  &c.  under  the  jurifdi(5lion 
of  the  arclibifliop  of  Droutheim.     A  con- 
fiderable  commerce  was   carried   on  be- 
tween Greenland   and   Norway  ;  and   a 
regular  intercourfe  maintaintd  between 
ihe  two  countries  till  the  year  X406,  when 
the  laft  biihop  was  fent  over.     From  that 
time  all  correfpondence  was  cut  ott,  and 
all  knowledge  of  Greenland  has  been  bu- 
ried in  oblivion.     The  colony,  from  its 
firft  fettlemcnt,   had    been   harafftd    by 
the  natives,  a  lavage  people,  agrecin';  in 
cuftoms,  g^rb  and  appcaraucs*  witii  the 


Efqulmaux.  See  Nc%v  Britain.  This  nt* 
ticn,  called  SchrelUngs^  Skrallngues,  or 
dwarfiQi  people,  from  their  ixnall  ftature, 
at  length  prevailed  over  the  Iceland  fet- 
Llcrs,  wlio  inhabited  the  weftern  diftridl, 
and  exterminated  them  in  the  14th  cen- 
tury ;  infomuch,  that  when  their  brethren 
of  the  eaftern  diftricSl  came  to  their  ailift- 
ance,  they  found  nothing  alive  but  fome 
cattle  and  ilocks  of  flieep  running  wild 
about  the  country.  The  Schrellings  have 
a  tradition  that  thefe  were  likewi-fe  exter- 
minated, and  affirm  that  the  ruins  of  their 
I  houfes  and  villages  ftill  appear.  There 
;  are  reafons,  however,  for  believing  that 
I  there  may  be  ftill  fonis  defcendimts  of  the 
I  ancient  Iceland  colony  remaining  in  the 
eaftern  diftri<£t,  though  they  cannot  be 
vifited  by  land,  on  account  of  the  ftupen- 
dous  mountains,  perpetually  covered  with 
fnow,  which  divide  the  two  parts  of 
Greenland  ;  whilft  they  have  been  ren- 
dered InaccefTible  by  fea,  by  the  vail 
quantity  of  ice  driven  from  Spitfbergcn, 
or  Eaft  Greenland,  one  would  imagine 
that  there  muft  have  been  fome  confider- 
able  alteration  in  the  northern  parts  of 
the  world  fince  the  ijih  century,  fo  that 
the  coaft  of  Greenland  is  now  become 
almoft  totally  inaccelllblc,  though  former- 
ly vifited  with  very  little  difHcultj^  The 
fame  alteration  in  the  climate  of  New 
Britian  is  vilible.  The  forcfts  are  fur- 
rouuded  with  a  circle  of  flumps  and  dead 
trees,  ao  miles  and  more  in  diameter. 
This  fliows  that  fnow  and  froft  are  more 
powerful  than  formerly.  Where  the 
fturdy  forcft  rofe,not  a  flirub  now  is  i^nn. 
While  other  climates  become  more  mild, 
that  of  the  northern  part  of  N.  America 
is  more  difmal.  Numerous  attempts  have 
been  made  in  the  lali  and  prefcnt  century 
to  difcover  the  eaftern  diftrict,  but  they 
have  all  proved  abortive.  In  thefe  at- 
tempts ore  has  been  found,  every  hundred 
pounds  of  whicli  yielded  26  ounces  of  fil- 
vcr  ;  and  fand,  from  which  an  eminent 
chemift  extraiflc  d  pure  gold.  It  is  thought 
the  only  practicable  method  of  reaching 
that  part  of  the  country  will  be  to  coaft 
north  about  in  fmall  vtfTels,  between  the 
great  flakes  of  ice  and  the  fliorc ;  as  the 
Greenlanders  have  declared,  that  the  cur- 
rents continuallv  iifuing  from  the  bays 
and  inlets,  and  running  S  weftward  along 
the  fnare,  hinder  the  ice  from  adhering 
to  the  land  ;  fo  that  ^lere  is  alAvays  a 
channel  open,  throi^h  which  veflels  of 
fmall  burden  might  pafs,  efpeciaily  if 
ledges  were  built  at  fuitable  diftances  on 

tii€ 


ORE 


GRE 


the  fliore,  for  the  convenience  and  direc- 
tion of  the  adventurers.  The  Greenland 
iifliery  is  produ(Slive,  and  chiefly  engroff- 
ed  by  the  Britifli  and  Dutch  nations.  In 
1785  the  former  employed  153  fhips  in 
the  whole  fiiliery,  and  the  Dutch  65. 

Green  Mountains,  a  range  of  mountains 
extending  N  N  E  to  S  S  W,  and  dividing 
the  waters  which  run  eaflerly  into  Con- 
nedlicut  river,  from  thofe  which  fall  weft- 
erly  into  lake  Champlain,  lake  George, 
and  Hudfon's  river.  The  afcent  from  the 
E  to  the  top  of  the  Green  Moimtain  in 
Vermont,  is  much  eafier  than  from  the 
W,  till  you  get  to  Onion  river,  where  the 
mountain  terminates.  The  height  of 
land  is  generally  from  ao  to  30  miles  from 
the  river,  and  about  the.  fame  diftance 
from  the  New  York  line.  The  natural 
growth  upon  this  mountain,  is  hemlock, 
pine,  fpruce,  and  other  evergreens  ;  hence 
it  has  always  a  green  appearance,  and  on 
this  account  has  obtained  the  defcriptive 
name  of  F'er  Mons,  Green  Mountain.  On 
fome  parts  of  this  mountain  fuow  lies  till 
May,  and  fometimes  till  June.  The  chain 
extends  through  MalTachufetts  and  t  on- 
necSlicut,  and  terminates  in  New  Haven. 
Kellingron  Peak,  the  higheft  of  thefe 
mountains,  is  about  3454  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean. 

Greenjlorou^h,  a  poft  town,  and  chief 
town  of  Greene  co.  Georgia,  50  miles  from 
Lexington,  and  78  W  by  S  from  Augufta. 
It  contains  25  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
and  Prefbyterian  meeting  houfe.  Lands 
are  appropriated  for  the  eflablifliment  of 
an  academy  here. 

Grcenpjorough,  a  thriving  village  In  Car- 
oline county,  Maryland  ;  on  the  W  fide 
of  Choptank  creek,  about  7  miles  N  of 
Danton,  and  ^^  miles  S  E  by  S  of  Cheflcr. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  109  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Greenjhorouvh,  a  new  townfliip  in  Or- 
leans county  in  Vermont.  It  adjoins  to 
Minden  on  the  N  W,  and  Wheelock  on 
the  S  E,  and  contains  280  inhabitants. 

GreenfjofQ.  a  port  town,  W.  Chefter  co. 
N.  York,  264  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Greenjlur^,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capital 
of  Wefl:moreland  co.  Pennfylvania.  It  Is 
a  neat  pretty  town,  fuuated  on  a  branch 
of  Scwlckly  creek,  which  empties  into 
Youghiorany  R.  Here  are  100  dwelling 
houfes,  a  German  Calvinifl:  church,  a 
brick  court  houfe,  and  a  flrone  gaol.  It  is 
31  miles  S  E  bv  R  of  Pittfburg,  and  270 
W  by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

Creinfiurg^  a  poll  towxi,  Grcen  co.  Ken- 


tucky, S75  miles  W  by  S  from  Waflilng*' 
ton. 

Grrenfv'tlle,  a  countv  of  Virginia, encom- 
pafled  by  Brunfwick,  Southampton,  and 
SulTex  counties,  on  the  W,  N,  and  E,  and 
by  the  ftate  of  N.  Carolina  on  the  S.  It 
is  about  24  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and 
contains  26 11  free  inhabitants,  and  4116 
flaves. 

Greenville  Court  Houfe,  in  Virginia,  fland* 
on  Hick's  Ford,  25  miles  from  Southamp- 
ton, and  61  from  Norfolk.  'Inhere  is  now 
a  fmall  town  laid  ofTat  this  place;  a  few 
houfes  are  built. 

Greenville,  a  diflridl  of  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 11,504  inhabitants,  of  whom  1439 
are  Haves. 

Greenville,  a  county  In  WaHiington  dif- 
trlct,  S.  Carolina  ;  fituatcd  In  the  N  Vf 
corner  of  the  flatc  ;  bounded  E  by  Spar- 
tanburg co.  in  Pinkneydiftrivft ;  S  by  Pen- 
dleton ;  W  by  the  flate  of  Georgia,  and 
that  tradt  of  country  which  the  flate  of 
S.  Carolina  ceded  to  the  United  States  ; 
and  N  by  the  flate  of  N.  Carolina.  It 
contains  11,504  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1439  ^^e  flaves.  The  lands  are  moun- 
tainous and  hilly,  and  well  watered,  and 
the  climate  healthy  and  agreeable. 

Greenville,  a  poll  town  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  chief  town  of  Cheraws  diflridl: ;  fitu- 
ated  on  the  W  fide  of  Great  Pedee  river, 
in  Da,rlington  co.  It  contain*  about  30 
houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  academy. 
It  is  s5  miles  E  N  E  of  Camden,  90  N  E 
by  E  of  Columbia,  135  N  by  E  of  Charlef- 
ton. 

Greenville,  a  pofl  town,  and  the  chief 
town  of  Pitt  county,  N.  Carolina  ;  on  the 
S  bank  of  Tar  river,  diflant  from  Ocre- 
cok  inlet  no  miles,  and  23  from  Wafli- 
ington. It  contains  about  ^o  houfes,  a 
court  houfe  and  gaol ;  alfo  a  feminary  of 
learning,  called  the  Pitt  Academy.  It  is: 
23  miles  from  Wafliington,  and  25  milctf 
from  Tar  borough. 

Greenville,  3.  poft  town,  Mecklenburg  co. 
Kentucky,  766  miles  W  by  S  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Greenville,  a  poft  town  in  JefTerfon  co. 
MifTifippi  territory,  1217  miles  W  front 
Wafliington. 

Greenville,  a  fmall  poll  town  in  Crcca 
CO.  in  the  ftate  of  TenefTee,  fituated  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  N  eafternmnfl  branch 
of  Nolachucky  river,  about  6  miles  N  br 
E  of  Greenville  college,  (fee  Green  Co.)  26 
miles   N   W   of  Joncfborough,    75   E   of 

IKnoxville,  and  653  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
GreenifiUti  a  fort  aad  fcttlement  in  the 
ftate 


Cre 


GRE 


fi-ate  of  Ohio,  on  the  S  fide  of  a  N  weftern 
branch  of  the  Great  Miami,  6  miles  N 
TV  of  Fort  JefFerfon  on  the  Aime  liranch, 
and  about  t^  miles  S  E  of  Fort  R.ecovery. 
It  is  a  picketed  fort,  with  baftlons  at  each 
angle,  and  capacious  enough  to  accom- 
modate 2O0O  men.  Here  the  Anlerican 
legion  had  their  head  quarters  in  the  late 
"^var  with  the  Indians.  It  was  eftabhflied 
by  the  late  Maj.  Gen.  A.  Wayne,  in  1793, 
and  here  he  concluded  a  treaty  of  p'eace 
with  the  Indian  nations,  on  the  3d  of 
Auguft,  1-95. 

Greenville  Bay^  or  La  Bay,  a  town  and 
port  of  entry  on  the  E  or  windward  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Granada.  It  has  about 
60  dwelling  houfes,  a  church,  and  feveral 
rich  ftores  of  India  and  European  goods, 
and  plantation  uteniils.  The  fituacion  is 
low,  and  rather  unhealthy. 

Grcp.'uillc  Co.  in  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  county  of  Dundas  ;  on 
the  S  by  the  river  St.  J^awrence  ;  and  on 
the  W  by  the  tov/nfliip  of  Elizabcthtown, 
running  N  24°  W,  until  it  interfecls  the 
Ottawa  or  Grand  river;  thence  it  de- 
fcends  that  river  until  it  meets  the  N  weft- 
ernmoft  boundary  of  the  county  of  Dun- 
das. The  county  of  Grenville  compre- 
hends all  the  lands  near  to  it  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence.  Sjr.yth. 

Grafj'ille,  in  Wafliington  co.  N.  York. 
See  Graninlle. 

Greenville  College.  See  Green  Co.  Ten- 
cfTee. 

GresnTvlch,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Mafiachufetts,  incorporated  in  1754,  con- 
tains 1460  inhabitants.  It  is  20  miles  E 
of  Northampton,  and  75  wefterly  of  Eof- 
ton. 

Greenivkl),  a  townfliip  in  Gloucefter  co. 
N.  Jerfcy,  on  the  E  bank  of  Delaware  R. 
oppofite'to  Fort  MifHin,  3  miles  N  by  E 
•f  Woodlniry,  and  6  S  E  of  Philadelphia. 

Greenivich,  a  townfliip  in  SuiTex  co.  N. 
Jcrfey,  on  the  E  fide  of  Delaware  river, 
in  a  mountainous  country,  about  5  miles 
N  E  of  Eafton,  in  PenTil'ylvania,  and  31  S 
W  of  Newton,  tlie  fliire  town.  It  con- 
tained, in  1790,  2035  inhabitants; 

Grccinihh,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
N.  Jerky,  on  the  N  W  b:^nk  of  Cohan/.y 
creek,  about  3  miles  from  its  month  in 
Delav.'sre  bay.  Here  arc  about  80  Iioufes 
and  a  Friend's  meeting  houfe.  It  i-i  i  <; 
miles  S  eafterly  of  Salem,  and  66  3  by  W 
of  Philadelphia. 

GrecntuichyA  maritime  and  poft  town  in 
Fairfield  co.  C(mne(9:tcut,  and  the  S  wefi:- 
«rnmoil  of  the  ftate.lies  about  50  miles  W 


of  New  Haven,  and  40  E  of  N.  York  c!t|^^ 
and  contains  3147  inhabitants.  Its  fea- 
coafl  on  Long  I.  Sound,  and  that  of  the* 
towniliip  of  .Stamford  on  the  eaftward, 
has  a  number  of  illcs  and  rocks  bordering 
the  inlets  of  the  fea  and  mouths  of  the 
creeks.  Byram  river  palTcs  through  this 
town,  the  largeH;  of  the  fmall  ftreams 
which  water  it,  and  only  noticeable  as 
forming  part  of  the  line  between  Connec- 
ticut and  N.  York.  This  tra6t  was  pur- 
chafed  of  the  native  Indians  in  1640,  and 
fettled  under  the  government  of  the  New 
Netherlands  (now  N.  York)  and  was  in- 
corporated by  Peter  Stuyvef^mt,  in  1665, 
who  was  then  governor  of  the  New  Neth- 
erlands. This  town,  falling  within  the 
bounds  of  Connedlicut,  was  afterwards 
granted  to  eight  perfons  by  that  colony. 

GreewcvirlJ,  a  town  in  Walhington  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  R.  for- 
merly the  foutherly  part  of  Argyle.  Fort 
Miller  is  in  this  town,  where  are  the  falls 
in  the  Hudfon,  which  Gen.  Putnam  de- 
fcended  in  a  boat,  at  the  hazard  of  his 
life,  to  efcape  the  Indians,  Here  are  faw 
n^ills  where  much  bufinefs  is  done. 

Gree.'i-zvic/j,  in  Rhode  Ifland.  See  JSti0 
Greenivicb, 

GreenivooJ,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Penufylvania,  having  724  inhabitants. 
Alfo,  a  townfliip  in  MifHin  county,  in 
the  fame  flatc,  having  969  inhabitants. 

Green  IVoods,  a  vafi  foreft  of  flately  pines 
in  Litchfield  co.  Conne(5iicut,  which  cover 
the  face  of  a  part  of  that  count)^  Thefe 
are  clothed  in  green  bearded  mofs,  which 
being  pendant  from  the  boughs,  fcreens' 
many  of  the  trees  from  the  eves,  and 
gives  to  the  whole  a  gloomy,  wild,  and 
whimfical  appearance. 

GregorJ'i,  St.  a  town  of  New  Mexico, 
fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  Rio  Bravo,  a  few 
leagues  N  of  St.  Antonio. 

Greo-JIo'zvn,  a  village  in  Somerfet  co.  N. 
Jcrfey,  on  the  E  fide  of  Millftone  river, 
6  miles  N  E  of  Princeton,  and  about  9  S 
W  of  N.  Brunfwick. 

Grenada.      See  Granada. 

Gres,  Cape  au,  a  promontory  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  Miflifippij  in  the  N  W  terri- 
tory, 8  leagues  above  the  Illinois  river*- 
and  the  trac!:!:  of  country  fo  calieJ  extends 
5  leagues  on  that  river.  Ti'.ere  is  a  grad* 
ual  defcent  back  to  delightful  meadows, 
and  to  beautiful  and  fertile  upland^,  wa- 
tered by  feveral  rivulet.s,  which  .fall  into 
the  Illinois  river,  between  30  and  40  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  the  Millifippi,  and 
into  the  latter  at  Cape  au  Gres.    The  dif- 

tance 


G  RO 


CUA 


tance  from  the  Mlffirippi  to  the  Illinois 
acrofs  the  country,  is  kfiened  or  in- 
creafed,  according  to  the  windings  of 
the  former  river  ;  the  fmalltft  diflance 
is  at  Cape  au  Ores,  and  chere  it  is  be- 
tween 4  and  5  miles.  Tiie  Innds  in  this 
intermediate  fpace  between  the  above 
two  rivers  are  rich,  almo(t  beyond  par- 
allel, covered  with  large  oaks,  walnut, 
&c.  and  not  a  ftone  to  be  feen,  except 
upon  the  fides  of  the  river.  If  fectlcments 
were  begun  here,  the  French  inhabitants 
acknowledge  that  the  Spaniili  fettlements 
on  the  other  fide  of  the  Miflitlppi  would 
be  abandoned  ;  as  the  former  would  ex- 
cite A  conflant  fuccelTion  of  fettlers,  and 
intercept  all  the  tnide  of  the  upper  Mif- 
lifippi. 

Grey^s  River,  U.  Canada,  empties  itfelf 
into  lake  Simcoe,  on  the  E  fide. 

Grimjlyi's  Toivnfiip^  in  U.  Can:ida,  CO.  of 
Lincoln,  lies  W  of  Clinton,  and  fronts 
lake  Ontario. 

Griudjlone  Ford,  in  the  MifTlfippl  terri- 
tory, where  is  a  poft  office,  1177  miles  N 
W  from  Wall.ington. 

Gr'fm,  one  of  the  fmaller  Granadillas, 
fiiuated  between  Diamond  ifland  and 
Cariacou.  It  is  uninhabited,  having  no 
freili  water. 

Gros  Mcrne,  ftands  in  the  middle  of  the 
N  peninfula  of-the  ifland  of  St. Dominpo, 
between  t!»e  mountain  and  the  head  wa- 
ters of  a  river  which  falls  into  the  fea  4 
leagues  to  the  N,  and  a  league  and  a  lialf 
W  of  Port  de  Paix.  It  is  equally  diflanr, 
II  leagues  N  E  of  Point  Paradis,  and  N 
W  of  Lcs  Gonaives.  N  lat.  19  46,  W 
Ion.  from  Paris  75  13. 

Grop  T/lc.  This  illand  is  fituatcd  in  the 
river  Detroit,  in  U.  Canada,  and  lies  a 
little  way  lower  down  than  GrofTe  Ifle 
aux  d'Indes  ;  but  clofe  to  the  W  fliore  ; 
it  contains  feveral  thoufand  acres  of  ex- 
cellent land,  and  plenty  of  good  wood  ; 
is  in  a  high  (late  of  improvement  ;  a  num- 
ber of  farmers  are  fettled  there,  who  pof- 
fefs  large  quantities  of  cleared  land. 

Sm  \'{fj. 

Grojp,  jp  la,  (fo  called  by  the  Canadi- 
ans) is  the  fame  as  Michilimackinac. 

Grofon,  a  town  in  the  county  of  Graf- 
ton, N.  Hampfliire,  15  miles  N  E  of  Dart- 
mouth college      It  hHs  391  inhabitants. 

Grofon,  a  townlliip  in  CaledQnia  co.  in 
Vermont,  is  fituated  weftward'of  and  ad- 
joining to  Ryegate,  on  Connecticut  river, 
and  9  miles  N  \V  of  Stephen's  Fort  on 
that  river.     It  contains   248   inhabitants. 

Groion^  a  poll  town  in  Middlcfcx  co. 
Vol.  I,  J3  b 


MalTachufetts,  25  i"''es  N  W  of  Bofton, 
and  contains  1802  inhabitants. 

Groton,  a  townfliip  in  New  London  co. 
Connedlicut,  having  Fiflier's  ifland  found 
on  the  fouthward,  and  Thames  river  on 
the  W,  which  feparates  ic  from  N.Lon- 
don, to  which  it  formerly  belonged.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1705.  and  eonfifts  of 
two  pariflics,containing437a  inhabitants. 
In  1770  there  were  140  Indians  here;  44 
of  whom  could  read,  and  17  were  church 
members.  On  a  height,  on  the  bank  of 
the  Thames,  oppofite  N.  London  city, 
flood  Fort  Grifwold,  memorable  for  be- 
ing ftormed  on  the  6th  of  Sept.  1781,  by 
Benedi'^il:  Arnold,  a  native  of  Connecticut, 
after  he  had  become  a  traitor  to  his  coun- 
try. Here  70  men,  the  flower  of  the 
town,  were  put  to  the  fword,  after  they 
h:id  furrendercd  themfelves  prifoncrs. 
The  compact  part  of  the  town  was  burnt 
at  the  fame  time,  and  fuflaincd  lofies  to 
the  amount  of  £.23,217.  Fort  Grifwo'.d 
defends  the  haib  >ur  of  New  London. 

Grove  Point,  forms  the  N  fide  of  tlie 
mouth  of  SilTiif  as  R.  in  Chefapeak  bay, 
S  miles  S  S  Vv^  of  Turkey  point. 

Grovei's  Creek,  in  the  Itatc  of  Teneflee, 
lies  7  miles  from  King's  Spring,  and  z 
from  the  foot  of  Cumberland  Mountain. 

Gryalva,  a  river  in  the  province  of 
Chiapa,  in  New  Spain,  which  is  faid  to 
breed  certain  amphibious  biafls  not  to  be 
found  in  any  other  place.  They  rcfem- 
ble  m.  nkcys.and  arefpotted  like  tygers  ; 
they  hide  themfelves  generally  under  wa- 
ter, and  if  they  fee  any  man  or  bsafl  fwim 
by,  they  twift  tjcir  tails  about  a  leg  or 
ai-m  to  draw  them  to  the  bottom  ;  and 
yet  it  has  never  been  obferved  that  they 
eat  them. 

Gryfon,  a  ncw  county  of  Virginia,  taken 
from  Montgomery,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  N.  It  has  the  Hate  of  N.  Carolina  S, 
Henrv  and  Wythe  counties  on  the  E  and 
W. 

Guacana,  a  village  in  New  Sjmin,  near 
the  mountain  Jeruyo,  which  was  deftroy- 
ed  by  a  volcano  in  that  mountain,  in  1760. 

Guacockhigo,  a  town  in  New  Spain,  30 
miles  S  E  of  Mexico. 

Guadalajarra,  or  Gtiadalaxara,  a  province 
in  the  audience  of  Galieia,in  Old  Mexico 
or  New  Spain,  and  its  capital,  an  epifco- 
pal  city  of  the  fame  name,  both  large  and 
beautiful.  The  city  was  built  anno  I53i' 
by  one  of  the  family  of  the  Guzmans  ; 
and  the  bifliopric,  which  was  before  fet- 
tled at  Compoftella,  was  tranflated  thither 
in  1570,     It    is    fittiat-rd  on  a  delightful 

«n<l 


GtJA 


GITA 


SkTid  fertile  plain,  watered  with  fcveral 
ftreams  and  fountains,  not  far  from  Ba- 
lanja  river.  The  air  of  the  country  is 
temperate,  and  tlie  foil  fo  fertile,  that  it 
yields  lOO  to  i  ;  and  all  the  fruits  of  Eu- 
rope grow  in  luxuriance  and  abundance, 
N  lat.  20  50,  W  Ion.  104  49.  The  prov- 
ince is  watered  by  the  Guadalaxara  R. 

Guadalaxaruy  or  Great  R'l-ver^  in  Mexico 
or  New  Spain,  rifcs  in  the  mountains  of 
the  valley  of  Toloccan,  where  Hands  the 
city  of  Gaadalaiarra,or  Guadalaxara,  the 
capital  of  New  Galicia.  After  running  a 
courfe  of  more  than  600  miles,  it  empties 
into  the  Pacific  ocean,  in  the  2ad  degree 
of  N  lat.  it  has  fti^pendous  falls,  15  miles 
S  of  the  city  of  its  name. 

Gtiadaloupc,  a  fmall  itland  on  the  coafl 
of  California,  in  N  lat.  29  5,  \V  Ion.  118. 

Guadaloupe,  one  of  the  Caribbe  iflands 
in  the  W  Indies,  belonging  to  France, 
having  been  fettled  by  them  in  1635. 
The  natives  called  it  Camcuclfa,  and  Cara- 
cueira.  Columbus  gave  it  its  prefent  name, 
from  the  refembiance  of  its  mountains  to 
thofe  of  that  name  in  Spain.  It  is  lltuat- 
ed  in  16  20  N  lat.  and  62  W  Ion.  .about 
30  leagues  N  of  Martlnlco,  and  almoft  as 
many  S  of  Antigua,  Helng  45  miles  long, 
and  38  broad.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  a  fmall  arm  of  the  fea,  or  rather 
a  narrow  channel,  through  which  no  flilps 
can  venture;  but  the  Inhabitants  pafs  it 
in  a  ferry  boat.  Its  foil  is  equally  fertile, 
and  in  the  fame  producflions  with  that  of 
Marti nico.  This  illand  was  taken  by  the 
Britlfli  in  1759,  but  was  reftored  at  the 
treaty  of  peace  In  1 763.  It  was  taken  by 
the  fame  power  in  1794,  but  was  retaken 
by  the  French  in  the  clofe  of  tlie  faine 
year.  Here  is  a  high  burning  mountain, 
which  abounds  with  fulphur,,  and  fmoke 
ifTues  out  from  funnry  clefts  and  chinks, 
"^^he,  negroes  who  fell  brimfrone  fetch  It 
from  this  mountain.  Many  years  ago 
this  ifiand  produced  46  million  pounds  of 
fugar,  21  millions  of  coflee,  320,000  of 
cotton,  and  8000  pounds  of  cocoa. 

Guagaquil.      See  Guayaquil. 

Giiiura,  a  bay  in  Terra  Flrma,S.  Amer- 
ica, in  the  North  fea. 

Guaira,  a  SpaniHi  province  in  the  E  di- 
vllTon  of  Paraguay,  in  S.  America.  Its 
city  is  Cividad  Real,  called  alfo  Guaira, 
and  Oliveros. 

Gujma/.'ssya  province  in  the  jurifdicllon 
of  the  archblfliop  of  Lima,  in  S.  America, 
and  empire  of  Peru,  begins  80  leagues  N 
E  of  Lima,  and  extends  along  the  center 
»f  the  Cordillera.    The  Indian  inhabit- 


ants apply  themfelv^es  to  weaving,  and' 
making  a  great  variety  of  baizes,  ferges, 
and  other  flufls,  with  which  they  carry 
on  confiderable  trade  with  the  other 
provinces. 

Guaman  Villas,  a  jurifdiction  under  the 
archbliliop  of  Lima,  7  leagues  from  Gua- 
manga.  It  is  highly  fertile,  abounding 
with  corn,  fruits,  paftures,  cattle  in  great 
quantities,  and  all  manner  of  efculent' 
vegetables.  The  Indians  here  are  equally 
Induftrious  as  thofe  abovementioned, 
making  baizes,  corded  flufl's,  &c.  which 
they  fend  to  Cufco  and  other  provinces. 

Gua}?}iitJga,  or  Guanianca,  or  Si.  Juan  de 
la  Vhtoria^ix  city  of  Peru,  about  60  leagues' 
S  E  of  I/ima,  and  having  Pifco  between  it 
and  the  fea.  It  was  founded  by  Plzarra, 
in  1,539.  T'J^c  houfes  are  all  of  ftone,  cov- 
ered with  Hates-  There  are  in  it  3  ele- 
gant churches,  feveral  convents,  and  a 
rich  hofpltal ;  being  the  feat  of  a  bilTiop, 
under  the  archbifliop  of  Lima,  the  feat  of  a 
governor,  and  the  capital  of  a  fmall  prov- 
ince. The  air  is  wholefomcand  temper- 
ate. The  foil  produces  wheat,  and  the 
meadows  breed  numerous  herds  of  cattle- 
There  are  in  the  pro-virrce  mines  of  gold, 
fdver,  iron,  lead,  copper,  and  fulphur. 
The  famous  quicklilver  mines  of  Guan- 
cavelica  are  9  or  to  leagues  from  this 
city.     S  lat.  12  20,  "K  Ion.  72  36. 

Guat'.ahuni.,  or  St.  Sal'vadorc.  See  Cut 
JJland. 

Guana  Patina,  a- volcano  near  Arequipa, 
in  the  valley  of  Qnilea,  in  S.  America, 
and  empire  of  Peru  ;  whofe  eruption, 
afljftcd  by  an  earthquakx^5  laid  Arequipa 
in  ruins  In  1600. 

Giiancha  Belica,  a  jurifdl<5Hon  fubje<ft  to 
the  archbifliop  af  Lima.ln  Peru, 30  leagues    < 
N  of  the  city  of  Guamanga  ;  has  very  rich 
quickiilver  mines,  but  otherwife  very  bar- 
ren.    See  Giuui^aiH-Uca. 

Guanchaco,  a  port  ar  harbour  in  Peru,  o, 
America,  about  2  leagues  N  of  Truxlllo, 
and  the  channel  of  its  maritime  commerce,  _^ 
fituattd  in  8  6  S  lat.  in  the  South  fea. 

Guanta,  a  jurifdicHc>n  N  N  W  of  Gua- 
manga, 4  leagues,  in  the  empire  of  Peru  ; 
under  the  arclibifliop  of  Lima.  Its  lich. 
filver  mines  are  nearly  exhaufled. 

Guau^avclica,  or  Giiancavelica,  a  town  of 
Peru,  in  S.  America,  and  in  the  audience 
of  Ivlma.  It  is  rich,  and  abounds  in  mines 
of  qulckfilver  ;  I  ao  miles  N  E  of  Pifco, 
and  175  S  E  of  Lima.  S  lat.  13,  W  Ion, 
88  30.  The  famous  qulckfilver  mine* 
called    Guan-x-aiielica,  OX  El  AJficnto  de  Ore- 

pep) J  not  far  from  the  above  town,  near 


tJUA 


GtFA 


?1i«  city  of  Oropefo,  were  difcovcred  by 
the  Spaniards  in  1566,  and  produce  an- 
nually a  million  pounds  of  quickfdver, 
which  is  tranfported  by  land  to  Lima, 
.afterwards  to  Arica,  and  thence  to  Potoli, 
Avhere  they  make  ufe  of  it  to  melt  and 
refine  the  filver  ;  and  it  yic4ds  to  the 
Spanilb  trcafury  40,000  ducats  a  year, 
befide  other  emoluments.  The  quick- 
filver  is  found  in  a  whitiili  rials,  refem- 
bling  brick  illy  burned.  This  fubftance 
is  volatilized  by  tire,  and  received  in 
fleam  by  a  combination  of  glai's  veflels, 
where  it  condenl'es  by  means  of  a  lictle 
water  at  the  bottom  of  each  veflcl,  and 
forms  a  pure  heavy  liquid. 

Cuanuco,  or  Guanngo,  a  city  and  the  cap- 
ital of  its  juril'ditStion,  in  the  archbifliop- 
rick  of  Lima,  in  Peru,  which  begins  40 
leagues  from  Lima.  It  was  a  fettlenieut 
jnadeby  the  firft  conquerors,  but  the  city 
is  now  in  a  mean  condition.  Several 
kinds  of  jellies  and  fweetmeats  are  made 
here,  and  fold  to  other  provinces.  It  is 
192  miles  N  E  of  Lima.  S  iat.  10  31,  W 
Ion.  75  20. 

Guara,  a  town  in  its  own  jurifdiclicn  on 
the  road  from  Truxillo  to  Lima,  contain- 
ing about  200  houfes.  It  has  a  parifli 
church,  and  a  convent  of  Francifcans, 
furrounded  by  fine  plantations,  and  de- 
-iightful  improvements.  At  the  S  end  of 
Guara  ftands  a  large  tower  with  a  gate, 
and  over  it  a  kind  of  redoubt.  This 
tower  is  eredled  before  a  ftone  bridge, 
under  which  runs  Guara  river.  It  lies  in 
S  Iat.  n  31  36.  Not  far  from  tliis  town 
are  ftill  to  be  feen  a  great  many  ruinous 
remains  of  the  edifices  of  the  Yncas  or 
Incas  ;  fuch  as  walls  of  palaces,  large 
dykes,  by  the  lides  of  fpacious  highways, 
fortrelTes,  and  caftles,  erected  for  checking 
tJie  inroads  of  the  enemy. 

Guarcbi,  a  jurifdiclion  6  leagues  E  of 
Ijima,  in  Peru,  extends  itfclf  above  40 
leagues  along  the  Cordilleras,  abounding 
in  grain  and  fruits.  It  has  fome  fdver 
mines,  but  as  the  metal  is  indiiTerent,  few 
are  wrought. 

Guarico,  a  town  iituatcd  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  but  more 
commonly  called  CapeFranq^ois  ;  which  fee. 

Guarma,  a  maritime  town  of  Peru,  in 
S.  America.     S  Iat.  10  10,  W  Ion.  77  49. 

Guarmoy,  a  fmall  maritime  town  of  Pe- 
ru, in  S.  America.  It  is  the  relidence  of 
a  corregidore  ;  has  a  good  harbour,  and 
lies  134  miles  N  W  of  Lima,  S  Iat.  183  SZ- 

Gttafco,  a  river  of  Chili  in  S.  America. 

Cuajlaca^  or  Fanucoy  (which  fee)  a  prov- 


ince which  borders  on  New  Leon  an^ 
Mexico,  in  Avhich  province  are  grain, 
cochineal,  and  fome  very  rich  fdvtr  mines. 
All  the  fliores  are  low,  overflowed,  un- 
healthy, and  full  of  fait  marflics.  . 

Gi/u'taviia,  a  lake  in  I'erra  Firma,  S. 
America,  near  the  city  of  Santa  Fc  de  Ba- 
gota ;   which  fee. 

Guati7nala^   Audience  and  Province  of,  in 
New  Spain,  is  about  750  miles  in  length, 
and  450  in  breadth      It  is  bounded  on  the 
N  by  Chiapa  and  Vera  Pax  ;  on  the  S  and 
W  by  the  South   Sea,  and  on  the  E  by 
Honduras.       It    abounds    in     chocolate, 
which  they  make  ufe  of  inftcad  of  money. 
It  has  12  provinces  under  it,  and  the  na- 
tive Indians  profefs  Chriftianity ;  but  it 
is  mixed  with  a  great  many  of  their  own 
fuperflitions.     There  is  a  great  chain  of 
high  mountains,  which  run^  acrofs  it  from 
E  to  W,  and  it  is  fubjci^l  to  earthquakes 
!  and  florms.     It  is,  however,  very  fertile, 
j  and  produces  great  quantities  of  choc- 
'•  olate,  cochineal,  cotton,  indigo,  honey, 
;  fome  balfam  ar^d  woad.     The  mcrchan- 
dife  of  the  province  is  generally  convey- 
ed to  the  port  of  St.  Thomas  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras,  to  be  fent  to  Europe.     The 
way  acrofs   this   province   to  the  South 
Sea  is  about  65  leagues,  and  is  the  next 
to  that   from   Vera   Cruz  to   Acapuico, 
This    province  is   called  by  the   Indians 
^atuemallM,  which  fignilies  a   rotten  trcc^ 
St.  Jago  <le  Guatimala,  the  capital  city,  is 
fituated  in  a  valley,  through  the  midfl:  of 
which  runs  a  river  between  two  burning 
mountains.     In  1541  this  city  was  ruined 
by  a  dreadful  tempcft,  ainl  a  number   of 
the  inhabitants  were  buried  in  the  ruins. 
It  was  rebuilt  at  a  good  diflance  from  the 
volcano,  and    became  a  large  and   rich, 
town,  with  a  bifliop's  fee,  and  an  univer- 
fity  ;  but  it  was  fwallowed  up  by  an  earth- 
quake in  1773.    It  contained  about  60,000 
inhabitants  of  all  colours,  and   was  iiri- 
menfely  rich  ;  but  there  are  no  traces  of 
it  left.     The  lofs  was  valued  at  15  millions 
flerling  ;  and  it  was  the  third  city  in  rank 
in    Spanilli    America.     In   this    dreadml 
earthquake    8000   families   inftantiy  pcr- 
iflied.     New  Guatimala  is  built  at   fome 
diftance,  is  well  inhabited,  and  carries  on 
a  great  trade.     N  Iat.  13  4O)  W  lo"-  9°  3-- 
Guaxaca,  a  province  in  the  audi-uce  of 
Mexico,  in  New  Spain,  N.  America,  and 
its   capital   city   of  the  fame  name.     It 
reaches  from  the  bay  of  Mexico  on  the 
N  to  the  South  Sea,  having  the  province 
of  Tlafcala  on   the  N  W,  and   thofe  of 
Chiapha  and  Tabafco  on  the  S  E.    It  ex- 
tends 


GUA 


CUA 


t*nds  nearly  95  leagues  along  the  South 
Sea,  50  along  the  bay  of  Mexico,  And 
near  i  io.  fiiy  fome,  along  the  confineb  of 
Tlafc  !!a,  but  not  above  jo  on  thofe  of 
Chiapa.  The  air  hert  is  good,  and  the 
foil  fruitful,  efpecially  in  mulberry  trees  ; 
fo  that  it  produces  more  filk  than  any 
province  in  America.  Except  the  vallty 
of  Guaxaca  (which  is  famous  for  giving 
the  title  of  Marques  del  Valle  to  Ferdi- 
nand Cortez,  the  conqueror  of  Mexico) 
the  greatefl  part  is  mountainous,  ytt 
abounding  with  wheat,  cattle,  fugar,  cot- 
ton, honey,  cocoa,  plantanes  and  other 
fruits.  It  has  rich  mines  of  gold,  filvcr, 
and  lead  ;  and  ail  its  rivers  have  gold  in 
their  fands.  CafTia,  cochineal,  cryflal, 
and  copperas  abound  alfo  here.  Vanilla, 
a  drug,  ufed  as  a  perfume  to  give  choco- 
late a  flavour,  grows  plentifully  in  thi^ 
province.  There  were  in  this  province 
120  monafteries,  befide  hofpitals,  fchools, 
and  other  places  of  public  chari|^,  15c 
confiderable  towns,  befide  upwards  of 
3C0  villages.  But  now  the  province  is 
faid  to  be  thinly  inhabited. 

Guaxoca,  the  cap'tal  of  the  laft  men- 
tioned province,  is  a  bifliop's  fee,  and  the 
refidencc  of  a  governor.  It  lies  %t,o  miles 
S  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  lao  VV  of  Spirito 
Santo,  and  I3Z  S  of  the  gulf  of  Altxxo, 
and  of  Vera  Cruz,  in  the  delightful  valley 
of  Guaxaca,  wiiich  is  40  miles  in  length 
and  ^o  in  breadth  ;  and  on  the  road  lead- 
ing through  Chiapa  to  Guatimala.  This 
city  contains  a  very  ftatcly  cathedral,  and 
Several  thouiand  families,  both  Spaniards 
and  hidians.  It  carries  on  a  confiderable 
trade  with  the  North  and  South  Seas. 
The  river  is  not  fortified,  fo  that  it  lies 
«-ipen  to  invafion.  The  Creolian  clergy 
here  are  bitter  enemies  to  the  Spanilh 
cleigy.  According  to  fome,  the  proper 
name  of  Guaxaca  is  Antlquera  ;  bnt  this 
lafl,  others  make  a  fcparate  town  and 
bifliop's  Jee  alfo,  fituated  about  80  miles 
to  the  S  W.  It  is  faid  to  have  a  fbtely 
cathedral,  adorned  with  many  large  and 
high  pillars  of  marble,  each  of  which  is 
one  entire  ftonp.  It  is  iituated  in  N  lat. 
17  45»  W  Ion.  100. 

Cuayalas^  a  province  and  jurifdicT:ion  in 
the  archbiihopiic  of  Lim^i,  in  Peru,  S. 
America  ;  extends  along  the  center  of  the 
Cordilleras,  begins  jo  leagues  N  N  E  of 
Lima  ;  produces  grain,  fruits,  and  paflure 
for  cattle. 

Guayana,  a  towu  in  the  province  of 
Paria,  in  Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  about 
173  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Calabcza,  and  75  \ 


S  of  the  mouth  of  the  gulf  of  Paria. 
G!  uyaquil^  called  by  I'ome  Guhiquil,  by 
others  Gnagaquil  and  Gnayakal,  a  city,  bay, 
harbour,  and  river,  in  Peru,  S.  America. 
Guayaquil  city  is  the  fecond  of  Spanilli 
origin,  being  as  ancient  as  1534  ;  is  fitu- 
ated en  tilt  W  fide  of  the  river  Guayaquil, 
N  of  the  illand  of  Puna,  at  the  head  of 
the  bay,  and  about  ij;  5  niiics  S  S  W  of 
Quito,  in  2  ji  Slat.  7917  VV  Ion.  Civi- 
dad  Vicga,  or  Old  Town,  was  its  fu  I'l  fit- 
uacion,  but  ic  was  removed  about  a  quar- 
•er  of  a  league  in  1693  by  Orellana;  and 
the  communicr.tioii  over  the  great  ravins 
or  holiovs  of  Wafer,  pieferved  between 
the  old  and  new  towns  by  a  wooden 
bridge  of  half  a  quarter  of  a  league.  The 
city  is  about  1  miles  in  extent  ;  is  defend- 
ed by  3  forts,  z  on  the  river  near  the  city, 
and  the  third  behind  it,  guarding  the  en- 
trance of  a  ravin.  The  churches,  con- 
vents and  houfes  are  of  wood.  It  con- 
tains about  18  or  2C,coo  inhabitants,  Eu- 
ropeans, Creoles  and  other  eafls  ;  befide 
a  number  of  ftrangers  drawn  hither  by 
coaimcrcial  interefts.  The  women  here 
are  famed  for  their  perfonal  charms,  po- 
lite manners,  and  elegant  drefs.  The  I'alt 
creek  here  abounds  with  lobflcrs  and  oy- 
fters  ;  but  the  fifh  in  the  neighbourhood 
are  not  efteemed,  being  full  of  bones,  and 
unpalatable.  But  this  place  is  mofl  noted 
for  a  flicll  fifh  called  turbine^  no  bigger 
than  a  nut,  which  produces  a  purple 
reckoned  to  exceed  all  others  in  the 
world,  and  to  vie  with  that  of  the  Tyri- 
ans.  It  is  called  the  purple  of  Punta,  a 
place  in  the  jurifdi<5lion  of  Guayaquil. 
With  this  valuable  and  fcarce  purple, 
they  die  the  threads  of  cotton,  ribbands, 
laces,  &c.  and  the  weight  and  colour  are 
faid  to  exceed  according  to  the  hours  of 
the  day  ;  fo  that  one  of  the  firft  prelimi- 
naries to  a  contrail  is  to  fettle  the  time 
when  it  fliall  be  weighed.  The  dye  is 
only  the  blood  of  the  fifli,  prefled  out  by 
a  particular  procefs  ;  and  the  cotton  fo 
dyed  is  called  by  way  of  eminence  caracol- 
lilo.  The  river  Guayaquil  is  the  channel 
of  its  commerce  ;  and  the  diflance  of  the 
navigable  part  of  it,  to  the  euftom  houfe 
of  Babahoio  is  reckoned  about  24  leagues. 
The  commerce  of  this  place  is  confidera- 
ble ;  the  produd;ions  of  the  country  alone 
form  the  moft  confiderable  part  of  it  ; 
thefe  are  cocoa,  timber,  fait,  horned  cat- 
tle, mules,  and  colts  ;  Guinea  pepper, 
drugs,  and  lana  de  ceibo,  a  kind  of  avooI, 
the  producl  of  a  very  high  and  tufted 
tree  of  that  name,  being  liner  than  cot- 

tOA* 


GUI 


G  UL 


ton.     It  Is  ufcd  for  matrafles  and  beds. 

Guiiyna,  a  town  in  the  interior  part  of 
Brazil  on  Parma  river,  a  iliort  diftance  S 
of  the  iropic  of  Capricorn. 

Guiana,  H  larg-e  country  of  S.  America, 
between  the  rivers  Orooncko  and  Ama- 
zon. The  fcacoaft  is  partly  polftfied  by 
cheDutch  and  French.  See  French  America ^ 
or  Cayenne  ,•  and  Dutch  America^  or  Dutch 
Guiana,  The  moft  confiderablc  of  the  In- 
dian nations  of  Guiana  are  the  Charib- 
bees,  tho  Arvaques,  the  Yat)s,  and  the 
Gahbis.  Thci'e  are  well  proportioned, 
for  the  moft  pari,  are  I'vvartiiy,  and  go 
naked.  The  Ci)araibes,  or  Carihbtts, 
are  enterpriiing,  and  fo  cautious  of  fur- 
prife,  that  they  poft  outguards  and  centi- 
nels  with  as  niucli  care  and  art  as  the 
liurcpeans.  They  are  faid  to  have  been 
formerly  cannibals.  The  Galibis  are  more 
addicted  to  peace  ;  they  nianufa<5lure 
hammocks  and  cotton  beds,  and  are  very 
ingenious.  Such  as  are  near  the  Europe- 
ans have  learnt  to  handle  firearms.  The 
Charaibes  in  the  W.  Indies  are  thought 
to  derive  their  origin  from  thefe  nations. 
The  Charaibes  of  Guiana  IKll  fondly  cher- 
jili  the  tradition  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's 
alliance;  and  to  this  day  preftrve  the 
Englifli  colours  which  he  left  with  them 
at  parting,  about  200  years  fmce. 

Giiiandot,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
rifes  in  the  Cumberland  mountain,  and 
running  a  N  by  W  courfe  about  So  miles, 
falls  into  the  Ohio  R.  about  34  miles  be- 
low the  Great  Kanhaway.  It  is  faid  to 
be  60  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  as 
many  miles  navigable  for  canoes. 

Guiura,  La,  corruptly  called  Legulra,  a 
town  of  Terra  Firma,  on  the  Caracoa 
coaft.  Its  harbour  is  212  miles  E  of  Mar- 
acaibo,  where,  iji  the  years  1739  ^'^^ 
1743,  the  Britifli  were  twice  repulfed,and 
loft  fome  men  in  attacking  this  place.  S 
iat.  lo  39,  W  ion.  66  i. 

Guildhall,  a  townlliip  in  Eflex  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  ConnetSlicut  river,  and  contains 
^96  inhabitants.  It  is  oppoiite  the  mouth 
of  Ifrael  river.  , 

Guilford,  a  tciwnfllip  in  Franklin  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  1343  inhabitants. 

Guilford,  a  townfl^ip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  on  the  W  bank  of  Connci5licut 
river,  and  oppofite  to  the  mouth  of  Afhu- 
clot  river.  It  has  Hinfdale  on  the  S  E, 
and  the  ftate  of  Maffachufetts  on  the  S, 
and  contains  2256  inhabitants. 

Guilford,  a  poft  town  of  ConnccElicut,  in 
New  Haven  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  Long  I. 
^ound,  about  x8  miles  E  by  S  of  Mew 


Haven  city.  The  townflilp  is  large,  and 
is  divided  into  5  pariflies,  and  was  fettled 
in  1639.  It  was  called  Alenuncatuck  by 
the  Indians.     It  has  3601  inhabitants. 

Guilfordto.  in  Salifbury  diftridl,  N.  Car- 
olina, is  bounded  E  by  Orange,  W  by 
Rowan,  S  by  Rockingham  co.  and  N  by 
Virginia.  It  is  noted  for  the  enteniivc 
and  rich  tracts  called  New  Garden,  Buf- 
faloe  and  Deep  river  lands.  It  contains 
9442  inhabitants,  inclulive  of  905  Haves. 
Chief  town,  MartinviUe. 

Guilford  Court  Hoiifc.  See  MartinviUe. 
It  is  on  the  poft  road  from  Halifax  to 
Salilbury,  48  miles  S  W  of  Hilllborough, 
a.i\i\  61  eaftward  of  Saiiftjury, 

Guinet,  or  Gzvynned,  a  iowndiip  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  906  inhab- 
itants. 

Gulf  of  Florida,  Of  Neiv  Bahama  Channel^ 
is  bounded  W  by  the  peninfula  of  E. 
Florida,  E  by  the  Bahama  iflands.  It  is 
generally  about  40  miles  wide,  and  ex- 
tends from  the  2jth  to  the  28th  degree 
of  N  latitude. 

Gulf  Stream.  This  remarkable  phe- 
nomenon is  a  current  in  the  ocean,  which 
runs  along  the  coaft,  at  unequal  diftances 
from  Cape  Florida  to  the  Ille  of  Sables 
and  the  banks  of  Newfoundland,  where 
it  turns  oft'  and  runs  down  through  the 
Vv'eftcrn  illands  ;  thence  to  the  coaft  of 
Africa,  and  along  that  coaft  in  a  fouthera 
dire6lion,  till  it  arrives  at,  and  fupplies 
the  place  of  thofe  waters  carried  by  the 
conftant  trade  winds  from  the  coaft  of 
Africa  towards  the  W,  thus  producing  a 
conftant  circulating  current.  I'his  ilrtam 
is  about  75  miles  from  the  fliores  of  the 
foulhern  ftates,  and  the  diftance  incrtafes 
as  you  proceed  northward.  The  width, 
of  it  is  about  40  or  50  miles,  widcniing 
towards  the  N.  Its  common  rapidity  is 
three  miles  an  hour.  A  N  E  wind  nar- 
i  rows  the  ftrcam,  renders  it  more  rapid, 
and  drives  it  nearer  the  coaft,  N  W  and 
W  winds  have  a  contrary  efled:.  The 
Gulf  Stream  is  fuppofed  to  be  occafioned 
by  the  trade  winds  that  arc  conftantly 
driving  the  water  to  the  weftward,  which, 
being  comprciied  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
finds  a  pafl'age  between  Florida  and  the 
Bahama  iflands,  and  runs  to  the  N  E  along 
the  American  coaft.  This  hypothefis  if? 
confirmed  by  another  fadl :  It  is  faid  that 
the  water  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  many 
yards  higher  than  on  the  weftern  fide  of 
the  continent  in  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is 
highly  probable  that  the  fand  carried 
down  by  great  rivers  iiUo  bays,  and  th^ 

current 


HAC 


HAC 


j&arrcnt  out  of  thefe  bays  meeting  with 
the  Gulf  Stream,  by  their  eddies,  have 
formed  Nantucket  ShoaJs,  Cape  Cod, 
George's  Bank,  the  Iflaad  of  Sable,  &c. 
Skilful  navigators,  who  have  acquired  a 
knovv'lcdge  of  the  extent  to  which  this 
flream  reaches  on  tlie  New  England  coaft, 
have  learnt,  in  their  voyages  fioni  Europe 
to  New  England,  Nev/  York,  or  Pennfyl- 
•vania,  to  pals  the  banks  of  Newfoundland 
in  about  44  or  45  N  lat.  to  fail  thence  in 
a  courfe  between  the  northern  edge  of 
the  Gulf  Stream,  and  the  flioals  and  hanks 
©f  Sable  Illand,  George's  Bank,  and  Nan- 
tucket, by  which  they  make  better  and 
quicker  voyages  to  America. 

Gimpoiv'Jcr^  a  river  of  the  weflern  fliore 
of  Maryland,  whofe  chief  branches  unite 
a  little  above  Joppa,  and  empty  into 
Chefapeak  bay,  about  \%  miles  above 
Patapfco  river.  It  is  navigiible  only  a 
few  miles,  by  rcafon  of  falls. 

Gunpoicdcr  Ncch,  near  the  head  of  Chef- 
apeak bay,  is  a  curioijs  peninfula  formed 
by  Gunpowder  river  and  Bufli  river. 

Gurncty  The.      See  Du thorough, 

Guyjhorough^  or  Manchejler^  a  townfllip 
in  Nova  Scotia,  on  (Jhedabudto  bay,  lo 
leagues  N  W  of  Cape  Canfo  and  40 
leagues  caflward  of  Halifax,  contained 
2,jo  families  in  1783. 

Givil!mhir-y  Toivnjh'ip,  in  the  home  dif- 
tricl,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  lake  Simcoc, 
where  Yon^eftrect  meets  Hollands  river. 


Smytb. 


m 


H 


.A  Braga,  formerly  called  Fort  Dau- 
phin, a  fort  in  the  iHand  of  Cuba. 

Hachay  Rio  de  loy  or  La  Kacha^  a  prov- 
ince, its  chief  town,  and  a  i-iver,  in  Terra 
Firma  or  Caftile  del  Oro,  in  S.  America. 
The  province  Is  furrounded  on  two  fides 
by  the  ocean,  viz.  on  the  N  and  N  W, 
and  on  the  third  caflward  by  the  gulf  of 
Venezuela.  The  town  is  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  on  its  W  fide,  on 
a  little  hill  about  a  mile  from  the  fea. 
The  foil  about  it  is  very  rich,  and  abounds 
with  produiElions  common  to  the  climate, 
alfo  European  plants  and  fruits  ;  well 
fupplied  with  fait  fprings,  veins  of  gold, 
and  fome  gems  of  great  value.  The  har- 
bour is  none  of  the  beft,  being  expofed  to 
the  N  winds.  It  is  about  8  leagues  from 
New  Salamanca,  and  18  from  Cape  Vela, 
N  by  E,  and  246  miles  E  of  Carthagena. 
Here  the  Spanilb  galleons  touch  at  their 
arrival  in  S.  America,  from  whence  ex- 


prtfffes  arc  fent  to  all  the  fcttlcments,  t# 
give  them  liOtice  of  it.  In  1595  it  wa» 
furprifed  and  facked  by  Sir  Francis  Drake. 
N  lat.  II  30,  W  lo!i.  72. 

II(2cketJioivn,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  in  SufTex 
CO.  N.  Jeriey,  on  the  N  W  iide  of  Muf- 
conecunk  river.  It  is  about  3  miles  above 
the  mineral  fpring  near  Roxhury,  on  the 
oppofite  iide  of  the  river,  22  miles  W  by 
N  of  Morriftovvn,  16  S  W  by  W  of  Suf- 
fex  court  houfc,  and  120  N  N  E  of  Phila*- 
delpliia. 

Hachinfach^  a  rlver  of  N.  Jerfey,  which 
rifes  in  N.  York,  and  runs  a  foutherly 
Gouife  4  or  5  miles  W  of  Hudfon  river. 
It  unites  v^ith  Paffaic  river  at  the  head  of 
Newark  bay,  and  is  navigable  about  15 
miles. 

Hackhifack,  the  chief  and  pofl  town  in. 
Bergen  co.  N.  Jeriey,  is  fituated  near  the  W 
bank  of  the  above  river,  20  miles  N  W  of 
N.  York  city.  The  inhabitants  are  moflly 
Dutch.  The  houies  are  chiefly  built  of 
ftone,  in  the  old  Dutcii  tafle.  Here  are 
4  public  buildings,  a  Dutch  and  Epifcopal 
church,  a  court  houfe,  and  a  flouriiliing 
academy.  The  people,  who  are  moftly 
farmers,  carry  their  produce  to  N.  York. 

Haddizniy  a  pofl  town  of  Conneclicut, 
the  fecond  in  rank  in  Middlefex  co.  oij 
the  W  fide  of  Connec5licut  river,  18  or  20 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  10  miles  S  K 
of  the  city  of  Middletown,  containing 
2307  inlial/itants.  This  townfllip,  in- 
cluding Eafl  Haddam,  on  the  oppofite 
fide  of  the  river,  was  purchafed  of  the 
Indians,  May  20th,  1662.  A  fpot  in  Eaft 
Haddam  was  famous  for  Indian  Pa'u-azvs, 
and  was  fubject  for  many  years  to  earth- 
quakes and  various  noifes,  which  the  firft 
fettlers  attributed  to  thefe  Paxvaivs.  Aa 
old  Indian  being  afked  what  was  the  rea-r 
fan  of  fuch  noifes  in  this  place  ?  anfwer- 
ed,  "  The  Indian's  God  was  very  angry 
becaufe  the  Engliflimen's  God  came  here," 
Thefe  noifes  are  now  frequently  heard. 

Haddonjicld,  a  fmall  poft  town  in  Glou- 
cefter  co.  N.  Jerfey,  9  miles  S  E  by  E  of 
Philadelphia,  and  17  from  Burlington. 

Hadlcy,  a  pleafant  poft  town  in  Hamp- 
jliire  CO.  Alaflachufetts,  lying  on  the  E 
fide  of  Connecticut  river,  nearly  oppolite 
Northampton,  ao  miles  N  of  Springfield, 
and  97  W  of  Bofton.  The  town  Jconiifls  of 
two  long  fpacious  flreets,  which  run  par- 
allel with  each  other,  and  with  the  river. 
The  towniliip  contains  1073   inhabitants. 

Hogarjio-uin,  now  called  Eli^ubdh  Toiun  : 
which  fee.  It  has  a  confiderable  trade 
.with  the  vveftcrn  country,  and  has  be- 

twcea^ 


HAL 


H  A  t 


tvrccn  2  and  300  houles.  It  is  fituat- 
ed  in  Walliington  co,  Maryland  ;  is  a 
port  town,  a6  miles  N  W  of  Frederick- 
town,  73  -N  \V  by  W  of  Baltimore,  and 
a2  S  by  W  of  Chamberfburg  in  Pennfyl- 
Tania. 

Hiilbut  Point,  the  N  E  point  of  Cape 
Anne,  in  Mafiachufetts. 

Halcyjhirg,  a  poit  town,  Lunenburg  co. 
Virginia,  435  miles  from  Washington. 

Half  Moony  an  extenfive  towafliip  in 
Albany  CO.  N.York.  It  contains  3851 
inhabitant?.  Waterford,  a  neat,  compact, 
thriving  village,  of  about  Oo  or  100  houfes, 
a  miles  E  N  E  of  the  Cohocz,  and  12 
miles  N  of  Albany,  on  the  N  bank  of  the 
rooft  northerly  branch  of  Mohawk  river, 
and  on  the  W  bank  of  the'Hudfon,  is  ill- 
liated  in  this  towniliip. 

HaUiman  Coi'Sy  in  U.  Canada,  is  a  little 
to  the  eaftward  of  Klngflown  harbour, 
and-  made  by  the  points  Frederick  and 
Henry.  On  the  \V  tide  of  the  Cove  is 
the  king's  dockyard,  atad  provihons,  llores, 
■tVharf,  &c.  SmytL 

HaUhtian  T'orvtiJIjipy  in  the  CO.  of  North- 
Hmberland,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of 
Gramahe^and  fronts  lake  Ontario.    Smyth. 

Halifax.,  a  co.  in  the-  eaftern-  part  of  the 
Britifli  province  of  Nova  Scotia.  It  con- 
tains Halifax,  ths  capital  ;  the  townfliips 
of  Londonderry,  Truro,  Onflow,  Colchef- 
fer,  Lawrence,  Southampton,  Canfo,  and 
1-inmouth.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
Irifli,  Scotch  and  Nev^f  Englanders.  It 
has  numerous  bays,  and  rivers ;  the  chief 
of  the  hitter  are  bhabbennacadie,  which 
is  a  boatable  river,  the  Petitcodiac,  Mern- 
ramcook,  &.c.    See  Nova  Scotuj. 

Halifax^  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Nova  Scotia,  in  the  co.  of  its  name,  was 
fettled  by  a  number  of  Britifli  fubjecrs 
in  1749.  It  is  lituated  on  a  fpaciousand 
commodious  bay  or  harbour,  called  Chc- 
buAo,  of  a  bold  and  cnfv  entrance,  where 
7i  thoufand  of  the  largeft  iliips  might 
ride  with  great  convenience  and  fafetv. 
The  town  is  built  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
harbour,  on  the  declivity  of  a  command- 
ing hill,  whofe  fummit  is  Z36  feet  perpen- 
dicular from  the  level  of  the  fea.  The 
town  is  laid  out  into  oblong  fquares  ;  the 
Greets  parallel  and  at  right  angles.  The 
town  andfuburbs  are  about  two  miles  in 
length  ;  and  the  general  width  a  quarter 
of  a  mile.  It  contained,  in  1793,  about 
4000  inhabitants  and  700  houies.  At 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  town,  is 
the  king's  naval  yard,  completely  built 
aad  fupplied  with  ftores  of  every  kiod 


for  the  royal  navy.  The  harbour  fj 
Halifax  is  reckoned  inferior  to  no  place? 
in  Britifli  America  for  the  feat  of  govern- 
ment, being  opf'n  and  acceflible  at  all 
feafonsofthe  year,  when  ahnort  all  other 
harbours  in  tliefe  provinces  are  locked 
up  with  ice  :  alfo  from  its  entrance,  Ixtua- 
tion  and  its  proximity  to  the  bay  of 
Fundy,  and  principal  interior  fettlementa 
of  the  province.  This  city  lying  on  the 
S  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia,  has  communication 
vfith  Pifflou,  68  miles  to  the  N  E  on  the 
gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  by  a  good  cart 
road,  finiHied  in  1792.,  It  is^  it  miles 
nortlierly  of  Cape  Sambro,  which  forms 
in  part  the  entrance  of  the  bay;  27  S 
eafterly  of  Windfor,  40  N  by  E  of 
Truro,  80  N  E  by  E  of  Annp.polis  crt  the' 
bay  of  Fundy,  and  157  S  E  of  St.  Ann, 
in  N.  Brunfvvick,  meafuring' in- a  ftraightr 
line.      N  lat.  44  40,  W  Ion.  63  15. 

Halifax,  a  fort  in  the  town  of  \  ^ihHow,- 
in  Kennebeck  co.  Maine,  erefted  by  order 
of  Governor  Shirley,  in  1 754.  It  Hands' 
on  the  point  of  land  formcxl  by  the  con- 
fluence of  tlic  SfcbalVacook  with  the  Ken- 
nebeck, 30  miles  below  Sandy  R. 

HalifiXyt'A  townlhip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  23  miles  E  by  S  of  Bennington, 
lias  Marlborough  on  the  N,  and  the  Maf- 
fachufetti;  line  S.  It  contains  1600  in- 
habitants. 

Halifax,  a  townfiilp  in  Plymouth  co. 
MaiTachufettSi  t^S  niiles  S  E  of  Bofton.  Id 
was  incorporated  in  1734,  and  contains'^ 
642  inhabitants. 

Halfax,  a  village  on  the  E  fide  of 
Sufquehannah  R.  in  Daupliin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  13  miles  N  of  Harriiburg,  Here 
is  a  pcft  office. 

Halifax,  one  of  the  middlfc  dillriAs  of 
N-  Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of- 
Virginia,  E  by  Edenton  diftridl,  W  by 
Hilllborough,  and  S  by  Nev/bern.  It  is 
divided  into  7  counties,  viz.  Northamp- 
ton, Halifax,  Martinj  Edgcomb,  Warren; 
Fianklin,  and  Naih,  which  contaii> 
69,136  lnhabitants,including3i,445  Have?,-- 
Belide  fmaller  ftrcams,  the  Roanoke- 
pafles  through  this  diftricl  in  a  S  E  courfc^. 
and  the  Pamplico  has  its  fource  in  it. 
Chief  town,  Halifax.  The  foil  is  pro- 
dudtive,  and  the  people  live  in  eafe  and? 
plenty;  but  almoft  half  of  them  are  Have?*- 

Halifax,  a  CO.  of  the  above  diibitSty 
bounded  N  by  Northampton,  S  by  Edg- 
comb, E  by  Bertie,  and  W  by  Warren,- 
It  contains  13,563  inhabitants,  of  whom. 
7020  or  more  than  half  are  in  flavery*' 
Chief  tow»,  Halifax, 

Jaeiifaxy 


hau 


HAM 


H:;!}fax,  the  chief  and  pofl:  town  of 
t?ie  above  co.  is  pleafantly  ikuated  on  the 
■weftern  bank  of  the  Roanoke,  about  fix 
miles  below  the  falls,  regularly  laid  out, 
end  beiide  dwelling  houfes,  has  a  court 
houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  36  miles  N  of  Tar- 
borough,  28  miles  from  Granville  court 
houfe,  I47  N  E  of  Fayetteville,  75  S  by 
W  of  Peterfburg,  Virginia,  and  .383  S  \V 
by  S  of  Philadelphia.      N  lat.  36  13. 

Halifax,  a  CO.  in  Virginia,  bordering  on 
the  ftate  of  N.   Carolina.       It  is  about  42 
miles  long   and  39   broad,  and   contains  ' 
11,466  free  inhalutants,  and   7911    flaves.  [ 
A  poO:  oltlce  is  kept  at  the  court  houie,  ^ 
414  miles  from  Philadelphia.  ' 

i7di//j,%,a  townfliip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylv^ania,  has  looo  inhabitants.  , 

HallcivdH,   a   flourilhing     poll      town,  | 
Maine,  Kennei^eck  co.  iituated  in    N  lat.  I 
44  16, at  the  head  of  the  tide  waters  on  \ 
the  W  lide  of  Xennebeck  R.  An  academy  j 
is  eftabliihed    here   with  a    coniiderable  | 
fund  in  lands.      The   court   houfe  is   13  j 
miles  S  by  W  of  VaiTalborough,  z'^  N  by 
Wof  Wifcaflet,  40  N  E  of  New  Gloucefter, 
and  195    N  by  E  of  Bofton.      Halloivell 
Monk  lies  on   the  lame  lide   of' the  river, 
three  miles  below  the   town,  and  hve  N 
of  Pittilon.     The  v/hole  townfliip,  which 
is  intcrfe(5tcd  nearly  in  its  center  by  Ken- 
nebeck  river,    contains  1364  inhabitants. 

HMoivAl  T^wz'jnfc'rp,  in  the  co.  of  Prince 
£dv/ard,  U.  Canada,  Hes  at  the  fouthern 
part  of  the   co.  open   to  lake    Ontario. 

Smyth. 

TrLnnhnlo^  a  principal  afficnto,  or  jurif- 
divfbionin  the  province  of  Quito,  in  Peru. 
It  is  fituated  in  i  41  S  lat.  and  \^  miles 
W  of  the  city  of  Quito  ;  and  has  6  fmall 
villages  in  its  dependence.  It  contains 
about  18,000  inhabitants,  who  are  moftly 
employed  in  weaving  ftufls,  and  in 
knitting. 

Hamhur'T,  a  fmall  pofl  town  of  N.  Jerfcy, 
18  miles  from  Goflien  in  N.  York,  and  20 
from  Newtown  or  SufTex  court  houfe. 

H<in?hi'.ry^  a  handfome  poll  town  in 
Berke's  co.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  V.  fide 
of  Schuylkill.  Here  are  about  50  or  do 
houfes,  a  German  Lutheran  and  Calvin- 
v\  c'xurch,  united.  It  is  18  miles  N  by  W 
of  Reading,  and  70  N  N  W  of  Philadel- 
phia.     N.  Lat.  40  34,  W  Ion.  76. 

H.imJen,  a  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
oil  the  W  fide  of  Penohfcot  river,  oppo- 
fitc  Orington,  and  has  Bangor  on  the  N. 
The  river  is  navigable  to  this  town  for 
veilels  of  any  iize.  It  is  a  thriving  place 
of  coniiderable  trade,  3a  miles  northerlv 


fi*om   Caftine,  and  about  40  N   E   from 
Wifcairett. 

HainJcn,  a  townflilp  in  New  Haven  co. 
Connedlicut,  about  eight  miles  N  of  New 
Haven.       It  has  1482  inhabitants. 

HamHtoTi,  a  poll:  town  of  I'iTcx  co.  Maf- 
fachufctts,  4  miles  S  oflpfwich,  26  N  E 
from  Borton,  506  N  E  from  Wafliington, 
containing  749  inhabitants. 

Hcrmiltop,  a  cape  on  the  N  end  of  New- 
foundland liland. 

Hamilton.  There  are  three  townfhips 
of  this  name  in  Pennfylvania  ;  one  in  each 
of  the  counties  of  York,  Franklin,  and 
Northampton. 

Ha-Mton^  a  fettlement  in  Verniont,  on 
the  Canada  hne. 

Hamilton,  a  poll  town  in  Chenango  co. 
N.  York,  ao  miles  S  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  a 
level  townfliip  of  good  land,  fad  fettling. 
Orifke  or  Olhiflce  creek,  a  water  of 
Mohawk,  and  Che=nung,  a  water  of  Suf- 
riuehannah,  rife  in  this  townfhip.  It  has 
2673  inhabitants. 

Hamilton,  a  tov/n  in  Albany  co.  N.  York, 
and  has  its  prefent  name  in  honor  of  that 
great  patron  of  American  m-inufa<5turc3, 
Alexander  Hamilton,  Efq.  late  fecrctary 
of  tlie  treifury  of  the  United  State*!.  It 
lies  10  miles  W  of  Alb.my,  2  miles  from 
the  SchenetStady  road  ;  and  is  one  of  the 
mofl  decijive  efforts  of  private  enterprife 
in  the  manufae'l:uring  line,  yet  exhibited 
in  the  United  States.  Theglafs  manufac- 
tory is  now  fo  well  eflabliihed,  and  fo 
happily  fituated  for  the  fupply  of  the 
northern  and  weftern  pans  of  the  ftate 
of  N.  York,  as  well  as  Vermont  and  Can- 
ada, that  it  is  to  be  expelled  the  propri- 
etors will  be  amply  rewarded  for  their 
great  and  expenfive  exertions.  The  glafs 
is  in  good  reputation.  Here  are  two  glafs 
houies,  and  various  other  buildings,  curi- 
ous hvdraiilic  works  to  fave  manual 
labour,  by  the  help  of  machinery.  A  co- 
pious ftream  runs  through  the  heart  of 
the  fettlemeiit  which  lies  high  ;  and  being 
furrounded  by  pine  plain?,  the  air  is  high- 
ly falubrious.  The  great  Schoharie  road 
travcrl'es  the  fettlement.  Here  are  a  fpa- 
cious  fchool  houfe,  and  a  church  of  au 
odlagon  form.  In  tlie  neighbourhood  of 
thefe  glafs  work?,  a  block  was  cut  out  of 
an  ancient  tree,  not  many  years  ago,  con- 
taining evident  marks  of  an  axe  or  fome 
edge  tool, made  185  years  ago,  determined 
according  to  the  ufual  and  certain  mode 
of  afcertaining  the  age  of  trees.  The 
block  is  prelerved  in  Albany  as  a  curiofi- 
ty.      Henry  Hudfon  ufceudcd  the  river 

which 


HAM 


HAM 


Vhich  bears  his  name,  as  high  as  Albany, 
in  the  autumn  of  1609,  194  years  ago,  and 
tiiefe  marks  were  probal)ly  made  by  Ibme 
of  his  men. 

Hamilton  Ford,  lies  near  the  mouth  of 
Bullock's  creek  in  N.  Carolina.  This  was 
the  rout  purfued  by  Tarleton,  after  his 
defeat  at  Cowpens,  in  January,  1781. 

Hamilton  Bcn,2i  towniliip  of  Adams  CO. 
Pennfylvania.  On  the  E  fide  of  South 
mountain,  in  the  W  part  of  the  town,  are 
found  gold,  filver,  copper  and  iron. 

Hamilton B:Jirza,'va.  the  ftate  of  Teneflee, 
fo  called  in  honor  of  Alexander  Hamilton, 
Efq.  is  fituated  on  the  waters  of  the  HoJ- 
jfloa  and  Clinch ;  bounded  S  by  Teneffee 
R.  and  feparated  from  Mero  diftri'il  on 
the  W  by  an  uninhabited  country.  It 
contains  the  counties  of  Knox,  JelFerfon, 
Blount,  Sevier,  Grainger,  and  Cocke,  and 
has  37,836  inhabitants,  2996  are  flaves. 

Harniltoriy  a  county  in  Ohio  Hate,  erect- 
ed Jan.  s,  1790,"  beginning  on  the  bank 
of  the  Ohio  R.  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Little  Miami ;  and  down  the  faid  Ohio  R. 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Miami,  and  up 
faid  Miami  to  the  Standing  Stone,  Forks, 
or  bi-anch  of  faid  river  ;  and  thence  with 
a  line  to  be  drawn  due  E  to  the  Little 
Miami,  and  down  faid  Little  Miami  R.  to 
the  place  of  beginning."  It  contains 
14,69*  inhabitants. 

Hamilton,  Fort,  ftands  on  the  E  lide  of 
the  Great  Miami,  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio ;  25 
miles  S  of  Fort  St.  Clair,  and  25  N  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  a  ftockaded  fort,  capable  of 
containing  200  men.  The  lituation  is  as 
advantageous  for  defence  as  pleafing  to 
the  eye.  It  is  built  upon  a  narrow  neck 
of  land,  commanding  the  Miami  on  the 
N  W,  and  a  praire  and  llieet  of  water  on 
the  N  E,  about  a  mile  wide,  and  a|  miles 
long.  The  foil  near  it  is  rich  ;  and  forage 
may  be  obtained  by  repeated  mowings  of 
natural  grafs. 

Hamilton,  a  port  in  the  Bermuda  Iflands. 

Hamilton  Toivnjhip,  in  the  county  of 
Northumberland,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the 
weftward  of  Haldimand,  having  lake  On- 
tario in  front,  and  Rice  lake  in  the  rear. 

Smyth. 

Hammers  Tozvn,  in  Dauphine  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, 5  miles  from  Sufquehanna  R. 
and  85  from  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
German  church,  and  about  2,5  dwelling 
houfes. 

Hampden,  a  poft  town,  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  754  miles  N  E  from  Wafliington. 

Hampden  Sydney  College.  Scft  Prime  Rdr 
ivard  County,  Virginia, 

Vol.  I,  Cc 


Hampjhire,  an  exteafive,  populous  and 
w^ealthy  county  In  Maflachufetts,  made  ar 
fliire  in  1662.  It  is  in  many  parts  moun- 
tainous and  hilly,  and  extends  acrofs  the 
ftate  from  N  to  S  5  bounded  N  by  the 
ftates  of  N.  Hampfliirc  and  Vermont,  S  by 
the  ftate  of  Connecticut,  E  by  Wcrcefter 
CO.  and  W  by  Beikfhire.  It  contains  d'T, 
townfliips,  and  72,432  inhabitants.  Its 
principal  towns  lie  on  both  fides  of  Con- 
neAicut  river,  which  interfedls  it  from  N 
to  S.  Thele  are  Springfield,  Weft  Spring- 
field, Northampton,  Hadley,  Hatfield, 
Deerfield,  and  Northfield.  It  is  one  of  the 
moft  fertile  and  populous  counties  in  the 
ftate,  and  produces  the  necelfaries  of  life, 
and  fome  of  its  luxuries  in  great  plenty. 
In  Leveret  a  copper  mine  has  been  difcov- 
ered,and  black  lead  in  feveral  other  places. 

Hampfolre,  a  county  in  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  and  N  W  by  the  Potov/mack  river, 
which  divides  it  from  the  ftate  of  Mary- 
land. It  is  about  60  miles  long  and  50 
broad,  and  contains  7310  free  inhabitants, 
and  587  flaves.  It  is  wxU  v/atered  by  Po- 
towmack  and  its  S  branch.  Iron  ore  and 
coals  have  been  difcovered  on  the  banks 
of  this  river.     Chief  town,  Romney. 

HampJIead,  a  town  in  Rockingham  ca 
N.  Hampfliire,  about  34  miles  W  of  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1749,  and 
contained,   In   1775,   768  inhabitants,  in 

1790,  724,  and  in  1800,  790. 
HampHeud,  a  village  in  Georgia,  aibout  4 

miles  from  Savannah,  and  about  a  mile 
from  another  village  called  Highgate.  The 
inhabitants  are  gardeners,  and  fupply  the 
town  with  greens,  pot  herbs,  roots,  &c. 

Hampton,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Conne(Slicut,  8  miles  N  E  of  Windham. 
Inhabitants  1379. 

Hampton,  Eajl,  a  townfhip  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  MaflTachufetts,  S  of  Northampton,  con- 
taining 586  inhabitants.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1785. 

Hampton,  Eajl,  on  the  E  end  of  Long  I. 
N.  York,  a  half  fliire  town  of  Suftblk  co. 
It  has  1549  inhabitants  ;  and  in  it  is 
Clinton  Academy,  which  in  1795  had  9a 
ftudents. 

Hampton,  (Winicoiveit  of  the  Indians)  a 
townfliip  on  the  feacoaft  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Rockingham  county. 
It  was  fettled  under  MalTachufetts,  arid 
incorported  in  1638.  In  1775  it  contain- 
ed 862  inhabitants,  in  1790,  '^SZ-,  and  in 
1800,  875.  It  is  12  or  14  miles  S  by  W 
of  Portfmouth,  and  8  S  E  of  Exeter.     In 

1 791,  a  canal  was  cut  through  themarflies 
in  tliij  town,  wliich  opens  an  inland  nav- 

igatiei^ 


HAlf^ 


li  AN' 


fgatfon  from  Hampton  through  Sallfbury 
into  Merrimack  river,  for  about  8  miles  ; 
loaded  boats  may  pafs  through  it  with  eafe 
and  fafety 

Hampton  Fallsy  a  fmall  town  taken  from 
the  above  town,  lying  on  the  road  which 
leads  from  Exeter  to  Newburyport,  fix 
miles  S  E  of  the  former,  and  8  N  of  the 
latter.  In  1775  it  contained  645,  in  1790 
541,  and  in  1800  519  inhabitants.  It  was 
incorporated  in  I'jii. 

Hampton^  a  townfliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  Waflilagton  co.  N.  York,  having 
fikeenfborough  on  the  W.  It  has  700  in- 
habitants. 

Hamptnn^  the  capital  of  Elizabeth  co.  in 
Virginia,  alfo  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
town,  lituated  at  the  head  of  a  bay  which 
runs  up  N  frorti  the  mouth  of  James  R. 
called  Hampton  Road,  5  miles  N  W  of  Point 
Comfort.  It  contains  about  30  houfes,  an 
Epifcopal  church,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol. 
The  value  of  its  exports  of  grain,  lumber, 
ftaves,  &c.  amounted  to  41,997  dollars  in 
one  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  1794.  This 
town  was  anciently  called  Kccon^hton  by 
the  Indians.  It  is  18  miles  N  of  Norfolk, 
2:2  S  E  of  York  Town,  93  E  S  E  of  Rich- 
mond, and  205  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Hamjleady  or  Hcn?J{ead,  North  and  Sortth, 
in  Queens  co.  Long  Ifland,  N.  York,  33 
miles  E  of  N.  York  city.  A  poft  office  is 
kept  at  Herrick's,  in  N.  Kamllead. 
Harzpad  Plain.  See  Long  IJJand. 
Hamjisad,  a  town  in  Rockland  co.  N. 
York,  W  of  Hudfon  river,  between  Hav- 
erflraw  on  the  N,  and  the  Jerfey  line  S. 
It  has  1 98 1  inhabitants. 

Hancoclis  Harbour,  Called  by  the  Indian* 
CUoqiiot.  is  ntuated  about  20  leagues  E  S  E 
of  Nootka,  in  N  lat.  48  30,  W  Ion.  from  j 
Greenwich  125  26.  The  entrance  of  this 
harbour  is  about  5  miles  in  length,  and  ! 
has  good  anchorage  ;  about  it  are  fcatter- 
ed  a  number  of  iflands,  and  feveral  fand 
banks  or  fpits.  It  has  alio  a  number  of 
fine  coves.  The  land  round  the  harbour 
js  generally  uneven,  rocky  and  mountain- 
ous ;  covered  however  with  pine,  fir, 
fpriice,  cedar,  hemlock,  cyprefs  and  other 
trees  of  a  remarkable  fize.  The  climate 
here  is  much  milder  than  in  the  fame  lat- 
itude on  the  caflrern  fide  of  the  continent ; 
the  frofl:  in  winter  being  fcidom  fo  fevere 
SIS  to  prevent  vegetation.  An  eafterly 
wind  is  confidered  here  as  a  prognoftic  of 
a  ftorm,  and  W  winds  bring  fair  weather. 
Beer,  racoons,  wolves,  bears,  fquirrels, 
martins,  land  otters,  beaver  and  wild  cats 

are  tke  anira;j8  which  ijaU^bil;  ^%  f&r^As- 


.  The  amphibious  animals  are  the  coiliirto^ 
i  feal,  and  the  fea  otter.     The  llcin  of  xh»^ 
\  latter  is  very  valuable.     The  inhabitantf-' 
I  are  laid  to  be  cannibals.     1  his  and  other- 
places  of  the  fame  name  have  their  ap- 
pellation in  honor  of  the  late  Governor 
Hancock,  of  Maflachufetts. 

Hancock,  a  river  of  V/ailiington  ifland, 
ontheNW  coaltofN.  America,  called 
Mafceet  by  the  Indians,  difcovcred  by 
Captain  Crowell  in  1791.  It  empties- 
into  the  fea  from  the  N  end  of  the  largefl 
iiland.  At  its  mouth  it  is  nearly  2  and 
an  half  nautical  miles  wide  ;  and  a  confid- 
erable  li?.e  10  miles  up.  It  has  at  its 
mouth  five  fathoms  water,  gradually  in- 
creafing  in  breadth  ;  and  for  7  J  miles  up, 
to  Goofe  Ifland,  has  i:ot  lefs'than  10 
fathoms.  Captain  Ir^graham  examined 
it  about  12  miles  ;  but  by  the  information* 
of  the  natives,  he  judged  that  it  commu- 
nicates with  Skitikifs  Bay,  or  near  it,  ort 
the  E  fide  of  the  iliands.  '  It  is  by  far  the 
moll  eligible  for  a  new  fettlement,  of  any 
place  the  Captain  had  feen  on  the  coaft. 
The  land  is  low  and  apparently  very  fer- 
tile :  and  the  river  abounds  with  falmon. 
Were  a  good  houfe  created  on  fome  of  the 
pleafant  fpots,  it  would  have  every  ap- 
pearance of  being  long  fettled.  Beautiful 
bullies  and  grafs  occupy  the  fkirts  of  the 
woods.  The  mouth  of  the  river  Is  in  N 
lat.  54  7,  W  Ion.  131  54. 

Hancock,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont. It  has  149  inhabitants. 

Hancock,  a  large  maritime  co.  Alalnej 
bounded  N  by  L.  Canada,  S  by  the  ocean,. 
E  by  Wafiilngton  co.  and  W  by  Lincoln- 
and  Kennebeck  ct-unties.  It  is  190  miler 
long  from  N  to  S,  and  nearly  60  broad,  in- 
terfecSled  by  Penobfcot  river.  It  contain* 
the  following  tov/niliips,belide  15  planta- 
tions ;  towns  E  fide  Penobfcot  R.  Caf- 
tine.  Blue  Hiil,  Buckflown,  Eden,  Mount 
Defert,  GoJdfboi-o',  Penobfcot;  Orrington, 
SedgAvick,  Sullivan,  Trenton,  Ellfworth, 
Orland ;  towns  W  fide  Penobfcot  R.  Bel- 
fafl,  Bangor,  Canaan,  Frankfort,  Hamp- 
den, Northport,  Profpecl,  Surry  ;  Iflands 
in  the  bay,  Illelhoro,  Deer  Ifle,  Vinalha- 
ven.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  16,316. 
It  is  remarkably  well  watered  by  Penob- 
fcot river  and  its  branches,  Union  river, 
and  other  fmaller  Itreams.  The  northern 
part  of  the  county  fends  its  waters  in  one 
ftream  from  numerous  branches,  in  a  N  E 
courfc  to  St.  John's  river.  On  the  fca- 
coaft  are  many  harbours  and  inlets,  hid  by 
a  multitude  of  fertile  iflands  ;  the  largefi: 
of  tli^Xe  io  a  S  W  dire^^cn  from  Goldf- 


H  A1^ 


tHAN 


?^crough,  are  Mount  Defart,  Swan  'Ifles, 
.  Vinalhaven,  Haut  Ifle,  Deer,  and  Iflefbor- 
Gugh  ;  all  fituated  in  Peuobfcot  Bay. 
iGreat  part  of  the  county  is  yet  unfettled. 
"I'he  towns  along  the  feaccaft,  and  on  the 
•banks  of  Penobl'cot  and  Union  rivers,  are 
-the  moft  fertile  and  populous,  Caftine  is 
the  fliire  town.     See  Miuns  and  Penubfcot. 

Hancock,  ( now  Clinton, )  a  town  in 
Kennebeck go.  Maine, emboi-omed  bythe 
Kennebeck  and  Scbaflicook  rivers. 

Hancock,  a  townfliip  in  Killfborough  co. 
1»J.  Hampfliire,  fituated  between  two  weft- 
-■firn  branches  of  Contoocoock  river,  14 
miles  E  of  Keeiie,  and  between  60  and  70 
W  by  S  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorpo- 
.3ratedi779,  and  contains  iiao  inhabitants. 

Hancock,  a  long,  narrow  and  mountain- 
ous townfliip  on  the  N.  York  line,  in 
Berkfliire  co.  Maflachufetts,  having  on 
)the  E  Lanelborough,  and  Pittsfieid  S  E.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1776,  has  1187  in- 
habitants. 

Hancock,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  of  Maylr.nd, 
in  Wafliington  co.  on  the  N  bank  of  Pa- 
towmack  river,  between  Conclowy  and 
L-ittle  Conolowy  creeks,  about  25  miles  S 
E  of  Bedford  in  Penufylvania,  and  119  N 
AV  of  Baltimore. 

Hancock,  a  CO.  in  the  irpper  diftricl  of 
Ceorgia.  It  contains  14,456  inhabitants, 
^f  whom  4835  are  flaves. 

Hannah  Bay  Hoiife,  a  faclory  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  at  the  S  -end  of 
James'  Bay  in  N.  America.and  on  tlie  eaft- 
ern  fide  of  Harricanaw  river,  a^  mil.3s  E 
by  S  of  MooCe  Fort,  aiid  18  below  a  houfu 
on  the  fame  river. 

Hannah^s  Toivn,  in  Weflmoreland  co. 
Pennfylvania,  4  miles  N  N  E  of  Greenf- 
burg,  and  on  the  road  .  rom  Bedford  to 
Pittfburg ;  54  miles  N  W  by  W  of  the 
former,  and  26  E  of  the  latter. 

Hannibal,  a  military  townllnp  in  N. 
York,  on  lake  Ontario,  10  miles  S  by  W 
of  Fort  Ofwego. 

Hanover,  a  bay  in  the  fea  of  Honduras, 
on  theE  fide  of  the  peninlula  of  Yucatan, 
from  which  it  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Rio  Honde.  The  tracSt  of  land  between 
the  river  Konde  and  the  Balize  was  ceded 
by  the  Spanifli  king  to  the  king  of  G.  Brit- 
ain, at  the  peace  of  1783,  for  the  purpofe 
of  cutting  and  carrying  away  logwood. 
Sec  Bahia  de  Chctii?nal. 

Hu.o'ver,   a  townfliip  in    Luzerne  co. 
Penufylvania.     Alio  a  townfliip  in  Wafli- 
ington CO.     E.  and  W.  Hanover,  are  two 
townflups  in  Dauphiue   county    io    the  ' 
fame  Hate. 


Hansver,  or  M'Mifler''s  ^cum,  a  poft 
town  in  York  co.  Penufylvania,  betweea 
Cadorus  creek,  and  a  branch  of  Littls 
Conewago,  which  falls  into  the  Sufque- 
hanna.  It  contains  about  160  dwelling 
houfes,  a  German  Lutheran  and  German 
Calviaifl:  church.  It  is  7  m.ilcs  N  tf  the 
Maryland  line,  18  miles  S  W  of  York, 
and  106  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Hamver,  a  port  town  in  Plymouth  co. 
Maflachufetts,  25  miles  S  E  of  Boftcn  ; 
was  incorporated  in  1727  aad  contain* 
95  8  inhabitants. 

Hano-ver,  a  poft  tov  n  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
fituated  ^M\  the  E  lide  of  Connedicut 
river  in  Grafton  co.  Dartmmtth  CoUegf,  in 
this  town,  is  fituated  on  a  beautiful  plain, 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  river,  in  43  43 
N  iat.  and  in  72  14  W  Ion.  from  Green- 
wich. It  derives  its  name  from  William, 
Earl  of  Dartmouth,  one  of  its  principal 
benefactors,  and  was  founded  in  the  year 
1769  by  the  late  Dr.  Elcazer  Whcelock. 
The  funds  of  the  a^lk!.>;e  coniift  chiefly  of  I 

lands,  amounting  to  about  8o,oco  acres,  \ 

wiiichar-e increafnig  in  value  in  proportion 
to  the  growth  of  the  country  ;  lico  acre* 
liec(mtiguous  to  the  college  ;  andare  capa- 
ble of  the  befl:  improvement  ;  la.cco  lie 
in  Vermont.  A  tra(!l:  of  8  miles  fquare 
was  granted  by  llie  afiembly  of  N.  Hamp- 
fliire in  1789.  The  revenue  of  the  col- 
lege, arifmg  from  the  knds,  '\n  1793, 
amounted  annually  to  £.'i-^o.  By  con- 
tracts  then  m.ade,  they  would  amouat,  m 
4  years  after  tO;i^.450  ;  and  in  12  years  to 
jT.Ojo.  The  income  from  tuition  is  about 
£'600  per  anmun.  The  number  of  under 
graduates  is,  on  an  average,  from  130  to 
180.  A  grammar  fchool  of  about  50  or 
60  fcholars  is  annexed  to  the  college. 
I'he  fl:udents  are  under  the  immediate  gov- 
ernment and  iutlrucSlion  of  a  prefident, 
who  is  alfo  profelTor  of  hiflory,  a  prcfei- 
for  of  mathematics  and  natural  philolb- 
phy,  a  profeflbr  of  languages,  and  a  pro- 
felfor  of  medicine  and  chemiftry,  and 
one  tutor.  The  college  is  furnifiied  with 
a  handfame  library,  and  a  pliilofophical 
apparatus,  tolerably  complete.  A  new- 
college  edifice  of  wood,  150  by  50  feet, 
and  three  (lories  high,  was  ered;ed  in 
1786,  containing  36  rooms  for  Hudents, 
Its  fituation  is  elevated,  healthful  and 
pleafant,  commanding  an  extenfive  prof- 
pe6t  to  the  W.  There  are  three  other 
public  buildings,  belonging  to  the  college, 
and  a  handfome  congregational  meeting 
houfe  has  lately  been  eietTted,  in  which, 
the  coinmenceinent  exercifes  are  exnibr   . 

ited. 


MAI 


HA  It 


itcd.  It, has  19 1 z  inhabitants.  It  is  32 
miles  N  of  Charlefto->vu,  115  N  W  by  W  of 
Portfinoulh,  138  N  W  of  BoHon,  378  N  E 
by  N  of  Philadelphia,  and  541  N  E  from 
Wailiington. 

Hanover f  a  townfiiip  in  Morris  co.  N. 
Jerfey.  In  a  ridge  of  hills  in  this  townfliip 
are  a  number  of  wells,  40  miles  from  the 
fea  in  a  ftra'ght  line,  which  regularly  ebb 
and  flow  about  6  feet  twice  in  every  24 
hours.  It  is  about  16  miles  N  W  of  Eliza- 
beth Town,  and  joins  upon  Morriftown. 
Hano'usr^  a  co.of  Vii-ginia,  lying  between 
Pamunky  and  Chi cka hominy  rivers.  Its 
length  is  about  48  miles  and  its  breadth 
iis  ;  and  contains  6 zii  free  inhabitants, 
and  8:92  flaves.  It  abounds  with  lime- 
flone. 

Hanover,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  Virginia, 
of  the  above  co.  on  the  W  hde  of  the 
Pamunky.  It  is  6  miles  from  New  Caftle, 
5,z  N  E  by  E  of  Richmond,  and  no  N  N 
W  of  Wallxington  city. 

Hantsy  a  CO.  of  Nova  Scotia,  beginning 
about  30  miles  from  Halifax,  contains  the 
townflilps  of  Windfor,  Falmouth,  and 
Kewport  ;  feveral  valuable  traifls  remain 
imfettlcd.  The  road  from  Halifax  runs 
part  of  the  way  between  Windfor  and 
Newport,  and  has  fettlements  on  it  at 
fmall  diftances.  The  county  is  about  20 
miles  fquare,  and  is  well  watered.  The 
rivers  St.  Croix,  Kenetcoot,  and  Cocmi- 
guen  empty  into  the  Avon, and  are  all  nav^- 
igable  except  the  lafl;.  The  Cacaguet  and 
Cobeguit  are  navigable  40  miles  for  vef- 
els  of  60  tons. 

Hiipaec,  four  fmall  idands  among  the 
Priendly  Ifles,  in  the  S.  Sea. 

Hardin^  a  CO.  in  the  fiate  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  N  E  by  Wafliington  and  Lin- 
coln, N  W  and  W  by  Nelfon  and  Greene, 
and  S  E  by  Logan  counties.  It  contains 
3597in]iabitants,  310  being  Haves.  At  the 
court  houfe  is  a  poil  ofiice,  659  miles  W 
by  S  from  Wafliington. 

Hardivick,  a  tov/nfaip  in  Caledonia  co. 
in  Vermont,  having  260  inhabitants. 

H(\rdivich,  a  town  (hip  in  Worcclter  co. 
Mafl'achufetts,  25  miles  N  Vv''  of  Worcef- 
ter,'  and  70  S  VV  of  Bofton.  It  is  feparatcd 
from  New  Bralntree  and  Ware  by  Ware  j 
river.  There  are  within  this  town  245 
houfes,  1727  inhabitants. 

Hard-zvkk,  a  townfliip  in  SufTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  to  miles  S  W  of  Newton. 

Hardiuick,  a  fmall  tovv'n  of  Georgia,  at  } 
the  mouth  of  Ogeeche  river,  and  about  18 
miles  S  by  W  of  Savauuah.     It  is  a  port  of 
entry. 


Hardy,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded  N  by 
Hampiliire.  It  is  about  60  miles  long, 
and  40  in  breadth,  and  contains  6004 
free  inhabitants,  and  6%2,  Haves.  Chief 
town,  Moorfield. 

Hardyjliiivn,  a  townfliip  in  SufTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  containing  in  1790,  2393  inhab- 
itants. 

Hare  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  E  ccafl  of 
Newfoundland. 

Hare  Indians,  inhabit  near  M'Kenzie's 
river  in  the  N  V/  part  of  N.  America. 

Harford  Co.  in  Aiaryland,  is  bounded 
N  by  York  co.  Pennfylvania  ;  E  by  Suf- 
qaehanna  river  and  Chefapeak  Bay. 
The  chief  waters  within  the  county  are 
Bulli  river  and  Deer  creek ;  on  which  ai  e 
16  mills  of  difl'erent  kinds.  On  the  former 
and  its  branches  are  the  towns  of  Har- 
ford, Abiiigton,  Coopftown,  and  Belle  Air. 
The  other  towns  are  Havre  de  Grafs  at 
the  mouth  of  Sufquehanna,  and  Joppa 
below  the  forks  of  Gunpowder.  It  con- 
tains 17,626  inhabitants,  including  4264 
flaves.     Chief  town,  Belle  Air. 

Harford,  a  poil  town  in  Harford  co. 
Maryland,  lies  at  the  head  of  the  tide  wa- 
!  ters  of  Bufli  river,  between  Bin  am  s  and 
James's  runs  ;  the  former  feparating  it 
from  Abington.  It  has  few  houfes,  and 
is  falling  to  decay  fince  the  courts  of  juf- 
tice  have  been  removed  to  Belle  Air.  It 
is  9  miles  S  E  of  Belle  Air,  and  25  N  E 
by  E  of  Baltimore. 

Harlem,  a  townfliip  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  in  1796.  It  was 
formerly  called  Jones's  Plantation.  It  is  19 
miles  N  E  of  Hallowell,  47  from  Pownal- 
borough,  and  213  N  E  by  N  of  Bofton, 
aiid  has  262  inhabitants. 

Harlem, idr  E.  River,  a  river  which  con- 
necfls  L.  Ifland  Sound  with  Hudfon  river, 
and  forms  York  Ifiand. 

Harlem,  a  divificn  of  N.  York  co.  in  the 
nortliern  part  of  York  Ifland,  which  con- 
tained in  1790,  803  inhabitants.  The 
village  of  its  name  (lands  9  miles  north- 
erly of  N.  York  city,  and  4  S  W  of  W. 
Chefler,  oppolite  to  the  W  end  of  Hell 
Gaie. 

Harmans  Station,  in  Kentucky,  is  a  fort 
on  the  E  hdc  of  the  W  branch  of  Big 
Sandy  river.  On  the  oppofite  fide  of  this 
branch  is  the  Great  Salt  Spring.  Har» 
man's  Station  is  about  20  miles  S  of  Van- 
couver's fort. 

Harmar,  a  well  conflrudled  fort  in  the 

N.  W.  Territory,  htuated  at  the  mouth  of 

the  Mufkingum.     It  had   in  1796,5  baf- 

tions,  and  3    cannon  mounted,  and  was 

garrifoned. 


HAR 

garrifoned  ]>y  4  companies.  It  is  con- 
veniently fituated  to  reinforce  any  of  the 
pofts  up  or  down  the  river  Ohio.  The 
place  is  remarkably  healthy. 

Harmony^  a  townfliip  in  Kennebeck  co. 
near  Cornville  ;  incorporated  1 803. 

Harmony,  a  village  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania,  clofe  on  the  line  of  N.  York 
on  the  N  fide  of  Starucca  creek,  a  water 
of  the  E  branch  of  Sufquehanna  river. 
Between  this  and  Stockport  on  Delaware 
river, diilant  18  milesE  S  E,  there  is  aport- 
age.  It  is  about  1 40  miles  N  by  W  of 
Philadelphia,  and  130  N  W  of  N.  York- 
N.lat.41  58. 

Harpdtfj,  a  fmall  boatable  river  in  Ten- 
eflee,  which,  after  a  N  N  W  courfe  of 
about  40  miles,  falls  into  Cumberland 
river,  19  miles  N  W  of  Nafliville. 

Harpers  Ferry^  Berkley  CO.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  6^  miles  from  Wafh-- 
ington.  Here  is  alfo  an  armoury  belong- 
ing to  the  United  States,  at  which  muf- 
kets  and  bayonets  are  mannfavElured. 

Harpcrsficldy  a  poft  town  in  Delav/are 
CO.  in  N.  York,  bounded  S  W  by  Unadilla 
townflxip,  and  32  miles  S  E  of  Cooperf- 
town.  Through  this  town  runs  the  great 
pofl:  road  from  Hudfon  to  Williamf]:urgb, 
62  miles  W  of  Hudfon  city.  It  contains 
1013  inhabitants. 

HarpL',  or  Marphy  a  townfliip  in  Dela- 
ware CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  761  inhabitants. 
Harpfzvdl.,  a  townlhip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  incorporated  in  1758,  and  con- 
tains 1049  inhabitants.  It  is  bounded  eaft- 
crly  by  Georgetown ;  from  which  it  is  fep- 
arated  by  a  navigable  river.  The  people 
liere  have  opened  a  communication  by  a 
canal  between  the  waters  of  Kennebeck 
river  and  thofe  of  Cafco  Bay,  through  the 
arm  of  tiie  fea  called  Stevens's  river.  The 
point  called  Merryconeag,  projeiSting 
itfelf  into  the  bay  together  with  the  iil- 
and  Sebafcodeagan,  and  feveral  other 
fmall  iflands,  are  incorporated  and  form 
this  townfliip.  The  waters  round  this 
ifland  extend  to  within  two  miles  of  the 
waters  of  the  Kennebeck,  and  thus  form 
what  is  called  Small  Point. 

Harrington,  a  town  in  Wafliington  co. 

Maine,  at  the  head  of  Narraguagus  bay. 

It  has  298  inhabitants.     SeeN'ar/aguagTis. 

Harrington^  a  townfliip  in  Eergen   co. 

N.  Jerfey. 

Harrifourg,  originally  Louijburgh,  a  pofl: 
town,  and  the  capital  of  Dauphine  co. 
Pennfylvania,  is  fituated  on  the  N  E  bank 
of  Sufquehanna  river.  It  is  laid  out  reg- 
ularly, and  contains  about  400  houfes  ;  of 


HAR. 

:  which  feveral  are  neat  and  convenient  5 
fome  of  brick  and  others  of  ftone  ;  a  fton© 
gaol,  a  German  church,  and  a  court  houfe. 
The  court  houfe  is  91  feet  in  front,  and 
50  feet  deep,  with  a  cupola  and  bell,  im- 
menfe  quantities  of  lum.ber  are  annually 
brought  here  from  the  country  above, 
and  there  are  conliderable  quantities  of 
leather,  hats,  and  nails  manutaclured.  It 
has  1472  inhabitants,  and  is  107  miles  W 
N  W  of  Philadelphia,  53  W  S  W  of  Read- 
ing, and  17  E  N  E  01  Carlille.  N  lat, 
40  16. 

Harrifcn,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Chefier  co, 
N.York,  containing  856  inhabitants. 

Harrijln,  a  co.  in  the  weltern  part  of 
Virginia,  bounded  N  by  Ohio  co.  N  E  by 
jMonongalia,  S  by  Greenbriar,  and  S  W  by 
Kenhawa.  Its  length  is  about  120  railea, 
its  breadth  80  ;  and  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants 4603  free  and  345  Haves.  Chief 
town,  Clarkfburg. 

Harrifcn,  a  CO.  in  the  N  E  part  of 
the  ftate  of  Kentucky,  N  of  Bourbon- 
It  is  well  watered  by  the  S.  fork  of  Lick- 
ing and  feveral  other  ftreams.  It  con- 
tains 4263  inhabitants.  Cliicf  town, 
Cynthiana, 

Harrifonbwgh.      See  Rockingham. 

Harroajijurg,  or  Harrodjlo^v/iy  a  pofl: 
town  in  Mercer  co.  Kentuckv,^  at  the 
head  of  Salt  river,  which  contaans  about 
20  houfes,  and  is  10  miles  S  W  of  Danvil- 
le, 30  S  by  W  of  Frankfort,  and  825  S  W 
pf  Philadelphia. 

Harjlns  IJland,  near  the  entrance  of  the 
river,  St.  Clair,  '  in  lake  St.  Clair,  E  of 
Thompfon's  Ifland ;  it  contains  300  acre* 
of  land  fit  for  culture  ;  the  other  parts 
pf  it  are   meadow   and  marlii. 

Hartford,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  on  Connetflicut  river,  oppofite 
the  town  of  Lebanon,  in  N.  Hampfliire. 
It  contains  1594  inhabitants. 

Hartford,  a  pofl:  town,  in  Ontario  co.  on 
the  E  bank  of  Geneflee  river,  N.  York,  40 
miles  W  of  Geneva,  and  67  S  E  by  E  of 
Fort  Niagara,  has  ^-^^s  inhabitants. 

Hartford,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  bounded  by  Livermore  on  the  E, 
and  Sumner  on  the  W,  has  243  inhabit- 
ants. 

Hartford,  a  fertile  and  populous,  though 
hilly  CO-  in  ConnecSlicut,  bounded  N  by  the 
ftate  of  MafTachufetts  ;  S  by  part  of  Mid- 
dlefex  and  N.  Haven  counties  ;  E  by  Tol- 
land, and  W  by  Litchfield  co.  It  is  about 
34  miles  from  N  to  S,  and  its  greateft 
breadth  from  E  to  W  is  30  miles.  It  i» 
divided  into  15   townfhips,  and  contains 

42,147 


HAR 


HAR 


|pt,T47    inhabitants.     Chief  town,  Hart- 
ford. 

Hartford  C'Uy ,  the  capital  of  Connecti- 
cut, lle^  on  the  W  bank  of  ConnecTticut 
river,  in  the  county  and  tcwnfliip  of  its 
own  name,  50  miles  northwefteriy  from 
the  mouth  of  t lie  river,  at  Saybrook  Bar, 
in  L.  Ifland  Sound  ;  and  thus  far  the  tide 
flows.  I'he  townfliip  is  6  miles  fquare, 
bounded  N  by  Windibr,  N  £  by  E.  Wind- 
for,  W  by  F.irmuigton,  E  by  E.  Hartford, 
S  E  by  Glaflonbury  and  S  by  Wethersfieid. 
The  town  is  divided  by  a  fniall  llream  call- 
ed Little  R.  with  hi^i  romantic  banks,over 
•which  is  a  bridge  conne<£linT  the  two  dlvi- 
fionsof  the  town.  The  city  is  regularly  laid 
out,  the  flreets  interiecling  each  other  at 
right  angles.  Its  buildings  are  an  elegant 
ftatehoufe,  2  churches  for  Congregational- 
iftsji  for  Epifcopallans,  andbetween  4  and 
500  dwelling  houfes  ;  a  number  of  which 
are  handfomely  built  with  brick.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  are  5347.  A  bank 
•was  incorporated  in  1797,  v/ith  100,000 
dollars  capital,  number  of  fhares  250. 
The  corporation  liave  the  power  to 
extend  their  capital  to  500,000  dollars.  A 
woollen  nianufadlory  was  eftablifhed  here 
and  encouraged  by  tlie  ftate,  but  has  not 
fucceeded.  The  town  is  advantageoufly 
Situated  for  trade,  has  a  fine  back  coun- 
try, enters  largely  into  the  mannfacSturing 
bufinefs,  and  is  a  rich,  flourilbing,  com- 
mercial town.  It  was  firft  fettled  in  the 
year  1636,  by  Mr.  Haynes  and  Mr.  Hook- 
er, who,  with  their  adherents,  removed 
from  MaiTachufetts.  The  Dutch  had 
then  a  trading  hcufe  at  the  confluence  of 
Mill  and  Conne6licut  rivers.  They  foon 
relinqui filed  the  fettlement,  and  their 
lands  were  confifcated  by  a  commlflion 
from  the  Commonwealth  of  England  in 
1.6s ^'  A  point  of  land,  •which  formed 
part  of  their  pofleflions,  is  liill  called 
Dutch  Point.  It  is  40  miles  N  E  bv  N  of 
N.  Haven,  55  N  W  of  N.  London,' 124  S 
\V  of  Bofton,  128  N  E  of  N.  York,  223  N 
B  of  Philadelphia,  502  from  Richmond, 
376  from  Wafliington  city,  1044  from 
Augufla,  and  1018  from  Frankfort  in 
Kentucky.     N  lat.  41  44,  W  Ion.  72  50. 

Hartford^  a  CO.  of  Maryland.  See  Har- 
ford. 

Hartford,  a  pofl  town,  Ohio  co.  Kentuc- 
ky, 736  miles  from  Wafliington,  has  56 
inhabitants. 

Hartland,  a  townfhlp  of  ConnecfV.icut, 
the  N  eafternmofl  in  Litchfield  co.  It  has 
f3i8  inhabitants. 

Hmilandj  a  pofl  towm  in  Wmdfer  co. 


Vermont,  on  the  W  bank  of  Conne<!kic* 
river,  1 1  miles  below  the  15  mile  Falli, 
has  1 960  inhabitants. 

Harvard,  a  townfliip  in  the  eailern  part 
of  Worcefler  co.  Malfachufct  .3,  23  mile* 
N  E  of  V/orcefter,  and  zs  N  W  of  Bofton. 
It  v/as  incorporated  in  1 732, by  this  name, 
in  honor  of  the  founder  of  Harvard  Uni- 
rerflty  in  Cambridge.  It  has  1400  inhab- 
itants. 

Harvard  Uriverfty.     See  Camlndge. 

Harnv'tch^  a  port  town  on  Cape  Cod,  in 
Barnftable  co.  Maffachufetts,  lying  be- 
tween Yarmouth  and  Chatham, about  88 
miles  SE  of  Boflon,  containing  28," 7 inhab- 
itant*. It  extends  quite  acrofs  the  cape, 
which  1;  here  about  6  miles  over.  Their 
marine  bulincfs  lies  chieily  in  the  fifliery. 
The  remains  of  the  Indians  of  this  town- 
fliip are  only  6  or  7  fouls,  'i'hey  live  at 
Potanumaquut, 

Har%vichj  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  containing  153  inhabitants, 
watered  by  Otter  creek  and  one  of  it« 
branches. 

Kar-ivington,  a  poll"  town  of  Conne<£i:i- 
cut,  in  liltchfield  co.  8  miles  E  of  Litch- 
field, and  24  W  by  N  of  Hartford.  It  hai 
1 43 1  inhabitants. 

Harivich  Tctvnfi'tp,  in  the  wefldtn  dif- 
tri(^,  U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  How- 
ard, having  lake  Erie  on  the  S,  and  the 
river  Thames  on  the  N. 

Hafings  Co.  In  U,  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  E  by  the  county  of  Lenox  ;  on  the 
S  by  the  bay  of  Quinte,  until  it  meets  % 
boundary  on  the  eafternmoft  Ihore  of  the 
river  Trent ;  thence  along  that  river  un- 
til it  Interfedls  the  rear  of  the  ninth  con- 
ccfTion  ;  thence  by  a  line  running  N  i6* 
W ,  until  it  interfe<£ls  the  Ottawa  or  Grand 
river,  thence  defcending  the  faid  river 
until  it  meets  the  N  weftcrnmofl:  boundary 
of  the  county  of  Addington.  The  coun- 
ty comprehends  all  the  iflands  near  it,  in 
the  bay  of  Quinte  and  river  Trent.  The 
greater  part  of  the  county  fronts  the  bay 
of  Qnint-e.  Smyth, 

Hatborough^or  Hatfeld,  a  town  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.  Pcnnfyh  ania,  on  the  N  E  fide 
of  Pannepack  creek,  which  runs  into  Dd- 
.nware  R.  about  5  miles  above  Frankfort. 
It  contains  about  20  houfes,  and  has  a  li- 
brary of  more  than  1000  volumes,  and 
520  inhabitants. 

Hatcha  Cones.     See  Pearl  River. 

Haichl.      ?>ce  Pearl  River. 

Hatcky,  a  navigable  river  in  the  ftate  of 
TenefTee,  runs  wefterly^into  the  MilTifippij 
about  19  miles  N  of  Wolf  river,  and  is  a- 

boDt 


UAV 


HAV 


iout  80  yards  wide  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Hatfieldy  a  very  plcafant  town  in  Hamp- 
Diire  CO.  Maffachufects,  fituated  on  the 
W  bank  of  a  be;id  of  ConnetSiJcui;  river, 
where  it  is  80  rods  wide,  5  miles  N  of 
Northampton,  and  ico  W  of  Bofion.  It 
lies  chiefly  on  one  ftrcet,  and  contains 
103""  houfee,  and  S09  inhabitants.  Here 
are  two  ferries  on  Connecticut  riv^er  ;  the 
one  to  Hadiey,  tjie  other  to  Amhcrft.  N 
of  th'e  ferry  to  Amherft,  tSe  river  meets 
with  a  bed  of  rocks,  which  leiTens  its 
breadth  ?,o  or  30  rods ;  no  fail,  bat  a 
large  eddy  at/hij^h  water. 

Hidlcy,  a  towniliip  in  L.  Canada,  hav- 
ing Stanllead  S,\the  northern  fork  of  L. 
Memphreraagog  W,  and  Afcot  N  ;  con- 
taining abouc  300  fouls.  Lake  Tome-fobi 
is  in  tiiis  tovvnlhip. 

Hattzras^  is  the  moft  remarkable  and 
<langerous  cape  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Amer- 
ica. This  point  exlcads  far  into  the 
ocean,  from  the  coafi:  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
35  15  N  lat.  The  water  is  very  flioal  at 
a  great  diftance  from  the  cape,  Avhich  is 
remarkable  for  fndden  fqualls  of  wind, 
and  for  tlie  moft  fevere  ftoims  of  thunder, 
lightning  and  rain,  which  happen  almofi: 
every  day,  during  one  half  the  year.  At 
the  time  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  approach- 
ing this  coaft,  the  flioais  in  tlie  vicinity  of 
Hatteras  were  found  fo  dangerous,  fo  ex- 
tenfive,  and  fo  fliallow,  many  of  them 
covered  with  not  more  than  5  or  6  feet 
-^^-ater,  that  no  veflels,  in  that  latitude, 
ventured  within  7  leagues  of,  the  land. 
At  prefent  the  out  il^.oals,  which  lie  about 
14  miles  S  W  of  the  cape,  are  but  of  5  or 
6  acres  extent,  and  where  they  are  really 
dangerous  to  velTcls  of  moderate  draught, 
not  above  half  that  extent.  On  the  flioal- 
€ft  part  of  thefc  is  about  10  feet  at  low 
•water  ;  and  here,  at  times,  the  ocean 
breaks  in  a  tremendous  manner,  fpouting, 
as  it  were,  to  the  clouds,  from  the  violent 
agitation  of  the  Gulf  Stream,  which 
touches  the  eaftern  edge  of  the  banks, 
from  which  the  declivity  is  fuddcn,  that 
is  to  fay,  from  10  fathoms  to  no  found- 
ings. On  the  fpot  abovem.entioned,  which 
is  firm  fand,  it  has  been  the  lot  of  many. 
a  good  vcflel  to  ftrike,  in  a  gale  of  wind, 
and  go  to  pieces.  In  moderate  weather, 
however,  thefe  fhoals  may  be  pafled  over, 
if  neceflary,  at  full  tide,  without  much 
danger,  by  veflTcls  not  drawing  more  than 
8,  9,  or  10  feet  water.  From  this  bank, 
formerly  of  vaft  extent,  and  called  the 
Full  Moon  Sboal,  a  ridge  runs  the  whole 
iift^Boe  to  tkc  cape  about  a  N  Wcoyrie, 


is  about  half  a  mile  wide,  and  at  low  wa^ 
ter  has  generally  10, 1  i,and  12  feet  waterv 
There  are  gaps  at  equal  intervals,  af- 
fording cliannels  of  about  15  or  16  feet 
water.  The  moft  noted  of  thefe  is  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  land,  and  is  at 
leaft  two  miles  and  a  half  wide,  and  mi^ht 
at  full  fea  be  fafcly  pafled  by  the  largeft 
flilps  ;  but  is  rarely  uftd  except  by  coaft- 
ing  vefiels.  It  may  be  eafily  known  by 
a  range  of  breakers  always  feen  on  the 
W  fide,  and  a  breaker  head  or  two  on 
the  eaftern  fide  ;  which,  however  are  not 
fo  confiant,  only  appearing  when  the  fea 
is  confiderably  agitated.  A  little  N  of 
thf;  cape  is  good  anchoring  in  4  or  5 
fathoms  ;  and  with  tlie  wind  to  the  weft- 
ward,  a  boat  may  land  in  fafety,  and  even 
bring  off  ca/ks  of  frcfli  v/ater,  plenty  of 
which  is  to  be  found  every  where  on  the 
beach,  by  digging  a  foot  or  two,  and  put- 
ting a  barrel  into  the  fand. 

Hattons  Ford,  on  Tugelo  river,  a  villa o-e 
16  miles  from  Pendleton  court  houfe,  is 
S.  Carolina,  and  1 7  from  Franklin  court- 
houfe,  in  Georgia. 

Haut  Tjle,  or  Tp  of  Holt,  is  the  fouth- 
ernmoft  of  the  large  iflands  in  Penobfcot 
bay,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

Havannahy  a  flrongly  fortified  fea  port 
town,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the  iiland 
of  Cuba,  capital  of  the  iHand,  191  mi"le» 
almoft  direolly  S  of  Cape  Florida,  and 
confequently  commands  the  gulf  of  that 
name.  Its  great  ftrength,  importance, 
and  happy  fituation,  oecaiion  it  to  be 
called  the  key  of  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  fa- 
mous for  its  harbour,  which  is  fo  laro-e 
that  it  may  hold  icoo  veffels,  and  yet  the 
mouth  is  fo  narrow  that  only  one  fiiiiy 
can  enter  at  a  time.  This  is  the  place 
where  all  the  fliips  that  come  from  the 
Spaniili  iettlcmtnts  rendezvous  on  their 
return  to  Spain.  The  entrance  into  the 
harbour  is  well  defended  by  forts  and 
platforms  of  great  guns.  The  tov/n,  fit- 
uated on  the  weft  fide  of  the  harbour, 
contains  above  2000  houfes,  witli  a  great 
number  of  rich  churciies  and  convents 
It  is  a  place  of  great  commerce  ;  the  rcfi- 
dence  of  the  governor  of  the  iHand,  and 
other  royal  officers,  the  biibop  of  St.  Jago^ 
and  moft  men  of  fortune  belonging  to  the 
ifiand.  It  was  taken  by  the  Eritifli  m. 
176a,  but  reftored  to  the  Spaniards  by 
the  treaty  of  peace  in  1763.  It  is  30, 
miles  W  of  the  town  of  Santa  Cruz,  and 
54  n\ilcs  from  Cape  Sed.  N  lat.  23  ii, 
W  Ion,  8a  13. 

^Bverfofd^  a  townfljip  in  Delaware  CO. 
Fennfylvi^a, 


HAV 


H  A  Y 


l*eK>nfyh'ania,      has     605     inhabltahts. 

Hovcrhlll^  A  pofl  town  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  half  Oiire  town  of  Grafton  co.  fitu- 
atcd  on  tl)e  E  fide  of  ConnetTcicut  river, 
in  Lower  Coos.  It  has  between  40  and 
50  compaia:  hoiifcs,  a  well  conftructed 
court  houfe,  and  a  congregational  church. 
This  town  was  incorporated  in  1765,  and 
\  contains  805  inhabitants.  In  it  is  a  bed 
of  iroai  ore,  which  has  yielded  fome  proiit 
ics  the  prtjprietor,  aUb  a  quarry  of  frec- 
I'lone,  lit  for  hearths  and  cliimney  pieces^ 
It  has  alfo  a  fullinfj;  mill,  an  oil  mill,  and 
many  other  excellent  mill  ieats.  It  is 
oppofite  to  Newbury  in  Vermont,  35 
iniles  above  Dartmouth  college,  119  miles 
K  W  of  Portfmouth. 

Ha'verh'dl^  a  handfome  poH:  town  of 
ivIafTachufetts,  in  EiTcx  co.  lituated  on  a 
declivity  on  the  N  fide  of  Merrimack 
river,  acrofs  which  is  an  elegant  bridge^ 
conneAing  this  town  with  Bradford,  650 
feet  long  and  34  wide.  It  has  3  arches, 
of  180  feet  each,  fupported  by  3  hand- 
fome flone  piers,  40  feet  fquare  ;  alfo  a 
draw  of  30  feet,  over  the  channel  of  the 
riven  Haverhill  has  a  confiderable  in- 
land trade,  lying  about  32.  miles  N  by  W 
of  Bofton,  and  is  n^iies  from  Newbury- 
port,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  about 
28  S  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  lies  chiefiy 
upon  two  ftreets  ;  the  principal  of  which 
runs  parallel  with  the  river.  Veflels  of 
100  tons  burden  can  go  up  to  it.  Trav- 
ellers are  ftrucic  wiili  the  pleafantnefs  of 
the  fituation  ;  and  a  number  of  neat  and 
•well  finiflied  houl'es  give  it  an  air  of  ele- 
gance. Flerc  are  3  diftillerie?,  one  of 
•which  has  lately  undergone  a  laudable 
tranfmutation  into  a  brewery.  Some 
vefTels  are  annually  built  here,  and  fev- 
eral  are  employed  in  the  W.  India  trade. 
A  manufaAory  of  failcloth  was  begun 
here  in  1789,  and  is  faid  to  be  in  a  prom- 
jfing  way.  The  trade  of  the  place,  how- 
ever, is  confiderably  lefs  than  before  the 
revolution.  The  whole  townfliip  con- 
tains 330  houfes,  2730  inhabitants,  and 
4  meeting  houfes,  i  for  Baptifts..  and  3  for 
Congregationalifts. 

Havcrjlraiu  Bay,  in  Hudfon  rivet,  38 
miles  above  N.  York  city,  fpreads  S  of 
Stony  point,  andbefore  the  townof  itsown 
name,  is  10  miles  long  and  about  3  wide. 

Haverjlraiv,  a  townfnip  in  Rockland 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  above 
bay,  2,5  miles  Nof  N.  York  city.  It  con- 
tains 1233  inhabitants. 

Ha-vre  ch:    Grace ^  or  Gras,   a    poft   town 

siiid  port  of  entry  m  Harford  co.  Mary- 


land, on  the  Wfide  of  Siif:;uehnnna  river, 
at  its  mouth  in  Chcfapeak  bay.  It  con- 
tains about  40  houfes,  250  inhabitants, 
and  is  the  port  of  entry  for  ail  the  fliores 
of  Chefapeak  bay  above  Turkey  point. 
It  is  6  miles  W  by  S  of  Charkfton  in  Ce- 
cil countv,  37  N  E  of  Baltimore,  and  (>$ 
W  S  W  of  Philadelphia.     N  lat.  39  39. 

Ilazvj  a  water  of  Cape  Fear,  which 
unites  with  Deep  river.  It  may  be  ren- 
dered navigable  for  50  miles.  See  Saxw 
pahanv  Rivsr. 

Ilaivld,  a  townfhip  in  Pvockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  was  incorporated  in  1 760, 
and  contains  389  inhabitants. 

Hatvicjli/ry  Toiviijkip,  in  the  county  of 
Glengary,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the  Ottawa 
river,  adjoining  1^.  Canada. 

Hawkins,  a  county  in  Wafhington  dif- 
trict,  Tenefiee,  having  6563  inhabitants, 
inclufive  of  811  flaves.  Chief  town,  Rog- 
erfville.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Virginia,  E 
by  Wafliington  and  Sullivan  counties. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Holflon  and  Clinch 
rivers. 

Hanvlins  Court  Houfe,  in  Teneflee,  is  25 
miles  from  Freeflone  Gap,  72  from  Abing- 
don, and  178  from  Danville  in  Kentucky, 
Here  is  a  poft  ofHce. 

HaivVs  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  W.  Florida, 
v^eftward  of  the  mouth  of  Mobile  bay,  is 
between  Pelican  and  Dauphin  illands. 
There  is  a  broad  channel  of  11  and  iz 
feet  water,  afterwards  fafe  anchorage  in  4 
fathoms,  good  holding  ground,  and  fliel- 
tercd  from  mod  winds  ;  on  which  account 
it  is  very  convenient  for  fmall  veflels. 

Haiuke's  Harbour,  is  an  arm  of  Igorna- 
choix  bay,  Newfoundland  Ifland. 

Haivley,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Maffachufetts,  120  miles  W  of  Bofton. 
It  has  878  inhabitants.  It  is  about  2a 
miles  N  W  of  Northampton. 

Haiv  River,  Orange  co.  N.  Carolina. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  330  miles  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

Haitftill  Mills,  Shenandoah  co.  Vir- 
ginia, where  is  a  poft  oiiice,  150  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Haycocks,  a  fmall  ifle  in  Delaware  river, 
about  7  miles  below  Eafton,  in  North- 
ampton CO.  Pennfylvania. 

■  Haye's  Ifland,  a  fma'l  ifland  of  New 
South  Wales  formed  by  the  rivers  Nelfoa 
and  Hayes.  At  the  mouth  of  Nelfon  R . 
ftands  Fort  York ;  which,  as  well  as  Nel- 
fon R.   is  called  Bourbon  by  the  French. 

Haymarket,  Prince  William  CO.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  poft  oiTice,  38  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington, ,, 
Haywoodjborti 


KEl 


H  EM 


^i/)i.7ro5i^!5ro,  a.poft  to\vn,ChatbaTrj  co. 
N.  Carolina,  305  miles  from  Walliington. 
TIayne's  Fori,  Colonel,  is  lituatcd  in  Ncl- 
fon  CO.  Kentucky,  on  the  N  fide  of  Green 
river,  25  miles  W  of  Craig's  Fort,  and  S2) 
from  the  Ohio. 

Head  of  SaJJ\ifras^  Kent  CO.  Maryland. 
Ilere  is  a  poft  office,  1,09  miles  from  Walli- 
ington. 

Heathy  a  townfliip  in  HampHiire  co. 
MaOachufetts,  incorporated  in  1785,  and 
is  no  miles  N  W  of  liolkm,  and  about  18 
miles  N  N  W  of  Nortliampton,  and  con- 
tains 604  inhabitants 

Hebron,  a  to,wn  in  Ora-fton  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fnire,  containing  281  inhabitants. 

Htbroti,  a  town  in  Cunibcriand  co. 
Maine,  on  the  N  p:  fide  of  Little  Androf- 
coggin,  was  incorporated  in  1792  ;  25 
miles  N  by  W  of  Portland. 

Hebron,  a  poft  town  in  Wafiiington  ro. 
N.  York,  containing  2528  inhablrants. 

Hebron,  a  poft  town  in  Tc/Uand  co.  Con- 
necticut, fettled  in  1704  from  Northamp- 
ton. Moft  of  the  landt,  were  given  hy 
Jofluia,  fachem  of  the  Moaegan  tribe,  iii 
his  laft  will  and  teftanient.  It  Ues  between 
7-.el:)anon  and  Glafteubury,  abmit  18  miles 
S  E  of  Hartford,  and  r6  S  cf  TolL-ind,  It 
has  2266  inhabitants. 

Hebron,  a  Moravian  fhttl^-m.'^nt  in  Penn- 
fylvania,  16  miles  from  I.itiz,  whicb  is  70 
miles    northerly    of  Philadelphia.     Tliis  ■ 
fettlement  began  in  1757. 

Hcilor,  a  military  townfliip  in  N.  York, 
on  the  E  fide  of  SenecaLake  near  the  Send, 
having  Ovid  on  the  N,  and  Newton  town- 
iliip  on  the  S,  and  ^9  miles  S  by  W  of  the 
ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake.  It  has  apoft  otlice. 
HeiJelburg,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Pennfylvania,  b<:;gunin  1743  ;  fituatcd  24 
fniles  from  Litii:,  \vhix:h  is  in  M'arv/ick 
townfliip,  Lancafter  co. 

Heidelburg,  a  handfomc  town  in  Dau- 
|)hine  co.  Pennfylvania,  containing  about 
100  houfes  and  two  German  churches  for 
Lutherans  and  Calvinifts  ;  one  of  the 
churches  is  a  handfome  ftone  building. 
It  contains  1990  inhabitants.  It  is  33 
miles  E  by  N  of  Harrifburg,  and  74  N  W 
by  W  of  Philadelphia.  "1  here  are  two 
other  towniliips  of  this  name  in  the  liate, 
the  one  in  York  co.  the  other  in  that  .of 
Northampton,  having  1238  inhabitants. 
Height  of  Land,  a  range  of  mountains 
which  extend  from  s"  W  to  the  N 
:K,  and  feparates  the  diftrid;  of  Maine 
froml^.Canadci,  giving  riie  to  many  riv- 
ers which  fall  into  St,  Jiawrence  river, 
and  others  which  fal!  uAo  the  Atlanlic 
Vol.  I.  D^\ 


Ocean.  The  principal  growth  between 
the  Height  of  Land  and  ^t.  Francis  li^'er 
is  beech,  maple,  birch,  hemlock  and  lir, 
very  few  Avhite  pines,  and  no  oak  ot^ny 
fort.  Some  of  the  rivers  have  line  inter- 
vals. 

Helena  IfJaud,  St.  on  the  coaft  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, with  the  main  land  on  tlie  N,  forms 
St.  Helena  Sound  or  entrance,  and  give^ 
name  to  a  parilli  in  Peaufort  diitricl. 

Hehvuj  Farifh,  Et.  iu  Beauiort  diftrid:,  S- 
Carolina,  conlifls  of  a  duller  of  iliands,  on 
the  S  VV  fide  of  St.  Helena  liiand,  one  of 
the  largeft  of  Vvhich  is  Port  Pa)\  al.  Adja- 
cent to  Port  Royal  ar<;  S^.  Helena,  Ladies, 
Paris,  and  Hunting  Klaiids.  'J  he  Hunting 
Iliands  are  5  or  6  in  nuinber,  bordering 
on  the  ocean,  fo  called  horn  the  jiumber 
of  deer  ruid  other  game  found  upon  tlieni. 
All  thcfe  iliands,  and  feme  ^)tlicrs  of  leis 
note  belong  to  this  parilli.  'i'he  produce 
of , the  iliands  is  rice,  indigo,  cotton,  corn, 
and  fweet  potatoes ;  the  cultivation  cf 
which,  as  well  as  in  other  parts  of  the 
I'tate,  is  eittir-ely  carried  on  by  f.avcs. 
'Faxes  paid  by  St.  Helena  pariili  /,\ii.}4 
13  2.  Chief  tov.^n,  Beaufort,  on  Port 
Royal  ifland,  which  has  694  ijihabitanis. 
The  other  parte  of  the  panlh  contain 
2970  inhabitants, 

Helena,  St.  a  town  on  the  coaft  of  Flori- 
da, built  by  thCjSpaniards,  and  burnt  by 
Sir  Francis  Drake  in  1585. 

Hell  Gate^  this  celebrated  ftrait  is  near 
the  W  end, of  L.  Illand  Sound, oppolite  to 
Harlem  in  York  Ifland, and  aliout  8  miles 
N  E  of  N.  York  city,  and  is  remarkable 
for  its  whidpools,  which  make  a  tremen- 
dous roaring  at  certain  times  of  the  tide. 
Thefe  whirpools  are  occalioned  by  the 
narrownefs  and  crookednefs  of  the  paf- 
fage,  and  a  bed  of  rocks  which  extend 
quite  acrofs  it  ;  and  not  by  the  meeting  of 
the  tides  from  E  to  W,  as  has  been  con- 
je6lured,  becaufe  they  meet  Frog's  Point, 
feveral  miles  above.  A  ikilful  pilot  may 
conduct  a  iLip  of  any  burden,  with  fafe- 
ty,  through  this  ftrait,  at  high  water  witli 
the  tide,  or  at  low  water  with  a  fair  wind. 
There  is  a  tradition  among  the  Indians, 
that  in  fome  diftant  period,  in  former 
times,  their  anceftors  could  ftep  from  riick 
to  rock,  and  crofs  this  j»rm  of  the  fca  ou 
foot  at  Hel!  Gate. 

Het/ilock,  a  lake  in  N.  York  ftatc,  12 
miles  long,  anifl  i  broad,  in  the  Geneilce 
country. 

Hemlock,  a  ftream  which  falls  into  Pc- 
nobfcot  on  its  W  fide  in  Townfnip  No.  4, 
about  9  miles  above  the  Great  Falls.   ^ 


HEN 


HER 


fIempJieM,thc  name  of  two  townfliips 
in  Pennlylvania,  the  one  in  Lancafler  co. 
theiptherin  that  of  Weftmorcland. 

Hcmjleady  towns,  in  Qncen  and  Rock- 
land counties,  N.  York.     :^ee  Hampjiead. 

Henderfoiit  the  chief  town  of  Montgom- 
ery CO.  N.  Carolina,  feated  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Yadkin  and  Huarry  rivers, 
which  form  the  Great  Pedee.  k  has  a 
court  houfc,  ^$  miles  from  Salifoury. 

Hdnde) foils  Grant ^  a  tra6b  12  miles 
fquare,  on  the  peninfula  formed  by  the 
juncflion  of  Green  river  with  the  Ohio, 
in  the  flate  of  Kentucky. 

Heuderfon,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky  wliich  in- 
cludes the  greater  part  of  the  above  grant, 
containing  1 263  inhabitants,  of  whom  340 
are  flaves. 

Henderfon,  a  pofl  town  of  the  abovc  CO. 
786  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Henderfontoivn,  a  pofl:  town,  Monrgom- 
ery  co.  N.  Carolina,  455  miles  from  Wafli- 
ingron. 

Rtndcrfoni}illey  a  pofl:  town,  Nottoway 
CO.  Virginia,  204  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Henderfotiville,  a  pofl  town,  Sumner  co. 
TenelTee,720  miles  from  Wafliington. 

IJsnley  Iloufe^  a  ftation  of  the  Hudfon's 
Bay  Company,  on  the  N  bank  of  Albany 
river,  in  New  South  Wales,  150  miles  S 
W  of  Albany  Fort,  and  no  N  W  by  W 
of  Brunfwick  Houfe.  N  lat.  51  14  27, 
WJon.  S5  554. 

Henniker,  a  townfiiip  in  Hillfoorough 
CO.  N.  Hampiliire,  about  12  miles  W  of 
Concord.  In  1775,  it  contained  367,  in 
J790, 1127, and  iniSoo,  1476, inhabitants. 

Henlopsn,  Cape,  forms  the  S  W  fide  of 
the  entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  and  Cape 
May  the  N  E  fide,  28  miles  apart.  Cape 
Henlopen  lies  in  N  lat.  38  50,  and  in  W 
Ion.  75  26.  There  is  a  light  houfe  here, 
a  few  miles  below  the  town  of  I^ewis,  of 
an  oiTtagon  form,  handfomcly  bulk  of 
itone  115  feet  high,  and  its  foundation  is 
nearly  as  much  above  the  level  of  the  fca. 
The  lantern  is  between  7  and  8  feet 
fquare,  lighted  with  8  lamps,  and  may  be 
ieen  in  the  night  10  leagues  ofF  at  fea. 
its  annual  expenfe  is  about  £.()S'^' 
There  is  a  frrong  iron  net  work,  in  order 
to  prevent  birds  from  breaking  the  glafs 
at  night.  Yet  fo  attracftive  is  the  light  to 
the  winged  tribe,  that  fliortly  after  its 
crcdlion,  no  birds  of  different  kinds 
were  found  dead  one  morning,  and  a 
cluck,  in  particular  flew  againft  it  with 
fuch  force,  as  to  penetrate  through  both 
the  were  and  glafs,  and  was  found  dead 
in  the  lantern.    Since  the  above  accident, 


few  rimiiar  ones  have  occurred,  and  the 
birds  have  become  more  wary  Veffels  ofF 
Delaware,  upon  difp'aying  a  jack  at  the 
the  foretoproafl:  head,  will  be  immediately 
furnillied  with  a  pilot.  None,  however, 
are  to  be  depended  upon,  unlel^s  they  arc 
furniflicd  with  branches,  and  with  a  cer- 
tificate from  the  board  of  wardens  of 
Philadelphia. 

Henrico  J  a  co.  of  Virginia,  about  30 
miles  long,  and  7  broad,  contains  4541 
free  inhabitants,  and  4608  Haves,  k  is 
furrounded  by  Hanover,  Charles  City, 
and  Goochland  counties,  and  James  river. 
A  number  of  coal  mines  are  in  the  co. 
and  pits  have  been  opened  by  many  of 
the  proprietors,  and  worked  to  conlidera- 
ble  profit-  The  coals  in  feveral  of  the 
pits  are  found  nearly  200  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  river,  and  3  or  4  feet  below 
the  furface  of  the  ground.  It  is  fuppof- 
cd  that  500,000  builicls  might  be  raifed 
from  one  of  thcfe  in  a  year.  Chief  town, 
Richmond. 

H.:nriqueUey  a  remarkable  fait  pond  in 
the  Spanilli  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, about  22  leagues  in  circuit.  It  is 
itihabited  by  lizards  and  alligators,  and 
land  tortoifes,  all  of  a  large  fize.  The  wa- 
ter is  deep,  clear,  bitter  and  fait,  and  has 
a  difagrceable  fmell.  Near  the  middle  of 
this  pond  is  an  ifland  about  2  Icsgur-s 
long,  and  a  league  wide,  in  which  is  a 
fpring  of  frefli  water,  well  ftocked  with 
frt/'r/'/ofj,  and  thence  called  CuLrito  ijtand. 
This  pond  is  about  11  leagues  E  of  Port 
au  Prince. 

Hanry,  a  capc,  the  N  caPiern  extremity 
of  Pclnccfs  Ann  co.  in  Virginia,  12  miles 
S  by  W  of  Cape  diaries  in  Northampton 
CO.  Thefe  capes  form  the  entrance  of 
Chefapeak  Eay.  Capc  Henry  lies  in  N 
lat.  37,  W  Ion.  76  16. 

Hgnry,  a  fort  in  Pennfylvania,  8  miles 
N  by  W  of  Myer's  Town,  at  the  head  of 
Tulpehoekcn  creek,  32  N  of  Lancaller, 
and  nearly  37  S  E  of  Sunl  ury. 

Hdfiry,  a  mountainous  atid  hiUy  <o.  of 
Virginia,  bounded  N  by  Franklin,  S  and 
S  E'^by  Patrick,  S  W  by  Grifon,  and  N 
W  and  W  by  Montgomery.  It  is  about 
40  miles  long,  15  broad,  and  contains 
3844  free  inhabitants  and  1413  Haves. 
At  the  court  houfe  is  a  pofl  office. 

Henry,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  containing 
3258  inhabitants,  406  being  flaves. 

Hentionitan^  an  ifland  in  the  N  E  part  of 
Lake  Huron. 

Herhemer,  a    CO.  of  N.  York,  divided 

into    8    townfliips,   viz.    German    flats, 

Ys'arren, 


HER 


HIG 


Warren,  Frankfort,  and  Litchfield,  form- 
ed out  of  Gcrmunjlats  in  Feb.  1 7  96.  Hcr- 
kemer,  Fairfield  and  Norway,  formed 
out  of  Fairfield,  Feb.  1796.  Schu}icr. 
This  county  contains  14,479  inhabitants. 
The  height  of  land  near  the  wtdcrn  part 
of  this  county  is  at  fort  Stanvvix.  Hence 
the  ftrearos  lluw  In  oppofite  directions,  to 
the  Hudfon  and  Lake  Ontario.  Boats 
afcend  the  Alohawk,  at  fort  Stanwix  pals 
thro'  the  canal  Into  Wood  Creek,  dcfctnd 
the  ftream  into  Oneida  Lake,  thence  thro' 
Onondago  and  Ofwego  river  into  Lake 
Ontario.  Two  canals  with  locks  are 
completed,  one  uniting  the  Mohawk  and 
Wood  Creek,  and  is  a  i^  miles  in  length; 
the  other  at  Little  Falls  is  -^  of  a  mile 
long.  When  the  canal  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mohawk  is  completed,  the  city  of  N.  York 
wiii  enjoy  an  inland  n^ivigaticn  to  Niaga- 
ra, 520  miles  without  one  carrying  place. 

Ilerkemer,  a  pcit  and  chief  town  of  the 
above  county,  is  fituated  on  the  N  iide  of 
Mohawk  R.  The  townfhip  includes  the 
village  called  Little  German  Flats,  and  the 
celebrated  plain  called  German  Flats. 
The  village  contains  a  court  houl'e,  gaol,  a 
Dutch  church,  and  about  40  dwelling 
houfes,  which  laft  are  very  indifferent 
buildings.  It  is  80  miles  N  W  by  W  of 
Albany,  16  S  E  of  old  Fort  Schuyler,  and 
20  in  a  like  direction  from  W^hitcllown, 
lii  the  midfl:  of  the  flats  is  a  flirub  oak 
plain  of  80  or  100  acres,  barren  and 
Aony,  of  no  ufe  but  for  building  lots. 
The  towniliip  is  named  in  honor  of  gen- 
eral Herkemer,  who  was  mortally  wound- 
ed in  the  late  war.  It  contained  in  1796, 
by  the  ftate  cenfus,  2073,  and  in  i8oo, 
2534  inhabitants. 

Hero,  North.,  an  ifland  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  is  a  towniliip  annexed  to  Chitten- 
den CO.  in  Vermont,  and  contained  in  1 790, 
125  inhabitants.  It  is  13  miles  in  length, 
and  2  in  breadth. 

Hcroy  Soui/j,  an  ifland  in  the  fame  lake, 
belonging  to  Chittenden  co.  Vermont,  is  a 
towniliip  and  port  of  entry,  and  contains 
678  inhabitants.  It  is  14  miles  long,  and 
34  broad.  Numerous  fmall  i.Ues  furround 
the  Heroes.  This  illand  produces  good 
crops  of  wheat  and  other  grain.  In  it  is 
a  quarry  of  blulfli  grey  marble,  which  has 
the  appearance  of  being  a  petrifatSlion  of 
fcallops,  a  Ipecies  of  fliell  common  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  lake,  together  with  the 
common  earth  of  the  fliore,  which  is  of  a 
marley  fubltaace.  South  Hero  w^as  divid- 
ed into  2  townililpsin  1798,  the  fouthern- 
moft  retains  its  original  name,  and  the 


northernmofl;  that  of  Middle  Hero,  and  con- 
tains 621   inhabitants. 

Heron,  Pafs  au,  at  the  bay  of  Mobile,  in 
W.  Florida,  is  18  miles  E  of  Pafcagoula 
R.and  has  4  feet  water;  and  from  thence  to 
the  point  which  is  on  the  E  fide  of  the  bay 
of  Mobile,  in  Nlat.  30  17,  is  nearly  6  miles. 

Herricks,  a  place  in  N.  Hampftead, 
Oueens  co.  L.  Illand,  in  N.  York,  where 
a  pofl:  office  is  efiabiillied,  28  miles  E  of 
N.  York  city. 

Hcrrlug  Bay,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of  Chef- 
apeak  Bay,  Maryland,  26  miles  S  of  An- 
napolis, and  derives  its  name  from  the 
fifli  of  its  name  which  frequent  it. 

Hirring  Pond  Indians.      See  Sandxoich. 

Hertford^  a  county  of  Edenton  diflridl, 
N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of 
Virginia,  S  by  Bertie  co.  E  by  Chowan, 
and  V/  by  Northampton,  and  contains 
6448  inhabitants,  of  whom  a7j3  are 
flaves.     Chief  town,  Wynton. 

Hertford,  a  pt;fl  town  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Edenton  diftridl,  and  capital  of  Gates  co. 
fituated  on  the  W  iide  of  Perquimin's  R. 
It  contains  about  20  houfes,  a  court  houfe, 
and  gaol,  and  is  1 8  miles  N  N  E  of  Eden- 
ton, and  38  S  by  W  of  Suffolk  in  Virginia. 

Her-vcys  2fc;  one  of  the  new  dilcovered 
iflands,  in  the  S.  Sea,  vifited  by  captain 
Cookin  1778.     S  lat.  19  18,  W  ion.  159  6. 

Hc-ve,  or  La  Hai've,  a  port  and  cape  on 
the  S  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia.  Here  the 
French  built  a  fort,  which  was  taken  by 
the  Britiili  withfome  lofs  of  men  in  1712. 

Hiatjlozuny  a  village  in  Middlefex  co.  N. 
Jerfey  ;  13  miles  northeaflcrly  of  Trenton, 
and  17  S  by  W  of  Brunfwick. 

Hicksford,  a  poft  town,  Greenville  co. 
Virginia,  209  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Hickman  s,  a  fettlement  in  Fayette  co. 
Kentucky,  on  the  N  fide  of  Kentucky  R. 
10  miles  N  of  Danville  and  22  S  of  Lex- 
ington. 

Hid  I/land  is  fituated  in  the  N.  W.  Terri- 
tory ;  in  Plein  R.  the  northern  head  water 
of  the  Illinois. 

Hirhgate,  a  village  in  Georgia,  about  4 
miles  from  Savannah.     See  Hampfead. 

Highgate,  the  N.  weflernmoft  townfhip 
except  Alburgh,  in  Vermont,  in  Franklin 
CO.  contains  324  inhabitants. 

Highlands,  a  mountainous  tra<£t  of  coun- 
try on  the  banks  of  Hudfon  R.  in  the  flatc 
of  N.  York,  between  40  and  60  miles  N  of 
N.  York  city.  The  paffage  on  the  river 
through  thefe  Highlands,  for  the  diftance 
of  about  18  miles,  is  grand  and  romantic, 
in  a  high  degree.  The  opening  feems  to 
have   been  formed  »n  purpofe  for  the 

paffcii^o 


HIL 


P.iyf 


prrffage  of  this  noble  river.  In  tlicfe 
Highlands  are  fituated  the  important  and 
famous  fortrelTes  of  Weft  Point,  Fort 
Montgomery,  and  Stony  Point.  The 
inoft  noted  peak,5  are,  as  you  al'ccnd  the 
river,  Thunder  Hill,  St.  Anthony's  Nofe, 
Jsngar  Loaf,  Butter  Hill,  and  Break  Neck 
Hill.  After  paflmg  the  two  laft,  the  coun- 
try opens  delightfully,  and  prefents  to  the 
eye  the  pleafant  villages  of  New  Windlbr 
and  Newburgh  Thel'e  mountains  aboiuid 
with  iron  ore 

Higiery,  Or  Afia  Gracia,  a  City  in  the'  S' 
E  part  of  the  Spanifli  divifionof  St.  Do- 
mingo, the  eaftcrnnvoft  of  all  the  fettle- 
ments  in  the  iHand,  celebrated  formerly 
for  its  fertility,  and  the  quantity  of  fugar 
it  produced.  It  was  formerly  the  feaFm' 
C lyacoa,  the  mod  powerful  cacique  t>f  the 
illand.  It  has  now  only  about  500  inhab- 
itants, and  is  diftant  about  40  leagues  to 
the  eaftward  of  St.  Domingo,  betweenr 
which,  and  Higucy  arc  three  roads,  the 
circuitous  and'  north^rnmofr  of  which 
lends  by  Bayagnana.     N  iat.  18  .'?o. 

Hills,  a  river  in  New  S.  Wales,   which 
empties  into  Hudfon's  Bay  at  York  Fort, 
Hit^^lali,  a   port:  town' in  Columbia  co. 
N.  York,  15  miles  R  of  Hudfon  city,  con- 
taining 470s  inhabitants. 

Hillfjorongh,  an  ifland  on  the  Labrador 
coart:,  on  a  bay  at  che  head  of  v/hich-  is 
Naln.     See  Naln^ 

HWJhnrowrh^  a  county  of  N.  Kampfhire, 
bounded  N  by  Grafton  co.  S  by  the  rtate 
of  MafTachulctts.  W  by  CTieflure,  and  E 
by  Rockingham  co.  It  contains-43,899  in- 
habitants, who  chiefly  follow  agTicuiture. 
Chief   towns,  Amherft   and   Hopkinton. 

HillJhornu^J?,  a  poft  town  in  the  aljove 
CO.  fituated  on  the  northern  head  branch- 
es of  Contocook  R.  about  18  or  ac  miles 
W  of  Concord,  was  incorporated  in  177  a, 
and  contains  13 11  inhabitants. 

H'Ufhorotivh,  a  townfliip  in  Somerfet  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  contained  in  i  790,  a^oi  inhab- 
itants, 15  miles  W  of  Brunfwick,  and  18 
northerly  of  IVenton. 

Hilljhrough,  a  village  on  the  eartern  fide 
of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Caroline  co.  Mary- 
land ;  feated  on  the  E  fide  of  Tuckahoc 
Creek,  one  of  the  chief  branches  of  Chop- 
tank  R.  7  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Denton,  9  N 
W  of  Greenfborough,  and  27  S  S  W  of 
Chefter. 

H'dljhoroughy  one  of  the  middle  dlflrl^bs  of 
N.  Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the  ftate  of 
Virginia,  S  by  Fayetteville  diftricfl,  E  by 
Halifax,  and  W  by  Sali&ury.  It  com- 
prehends the  counties  of  GraRville,  Per- 


foll,  Cafwell,  Orange,  Wake,  Chatham^ 
and  Randolph;  and  contains  8o,ois  in- 
habitants, of  whom  22,198  are  flavcs. 
Chief  town,  Hillfborough. 

HillfjorciighyS,  pofh  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  the  diflrleT:  of  its  name,  is 
lituated  in  Orange  co.  on  the  N  iide  of 
Eno  R.  in  a  high,  healthy  and  fertile 
country.  It  contains  about  80  houfes,  a 
court  ho ufe  and  gaol ;  and  had  in  1788 
an  academy  of  60  or  80  Undents,  patron- 
ized by  the  principal  gentlemen  of  the 
ftate.  The  Eno  unites  with  Little  anc? 
Flat  rivers,  and  forms  the  Neus,  about  1/ 
miles  below  the  town.  It  is  i8o  miles  W 
N  W  of  Ne\rbern,  %fi  S  by  W  of  Perfon 
court  honfe,  roi  W  by  S  of  Halifax,  110 
E  N  E  of  Salifburv,  ami  45  z  6  W  by  S  of 
Pliiladelphia. 

Hilljboro,  a  poll  tov.Ti  in  Loudon  co. 
Virginia,  33  miles  from  Wafliington* 

Hilltop,  Charles  co.  Maryland,  where  is 
a  poft- otiice  39  miles  from  Wafliington; 
H'llltoivn,  a  fmall  town  near  the  centre 
(yf  Chefter  co  Pennfylvania  ;  28  miles  W 
of  Philadelphia,  and  21  N  V*^  of  Chefter. 
Alio  thename  of  a  townfliip  in  Bucks  co. 
in  the  lame  ftarte,  having  1 154  inhabitants, 
Hilton  /f far/,  an 'ifland  of  S.  Carolina. 
W  ;ind  S  W  of  Hiiton  Hc^d  lie  Pinckney's^ 
Bulls,  Dawfulkies  and  fome  fntaller  illands,-. 
between  which  and  HiltO'ft  Head,  are  Cal- 
ibogic  R.  ani  foun^,  which  form  the  out-' 
let  of  May  and  New  ri'vers. 

Hilton  s  Point,  in  Piicataqila  R.  in  N. 
Hampfhire;i3-tl1e  fpot  where  the  united' 
Iheam  of  Newichawannockand  Cochecho* 
rivers  meets  the  wefh;rn  branch  and  forms 
the  Pifcataqua  :  From  thence  to  the  fea  i»- 
7  miles,  the  courfe  generally  S  to  S  F:,an(J 
the  river  is  fo  rapid  that  it  never  freezes. 
Hinche,  a  territory  and  town  in  the' 
Spaniili  part  of  St.  Domingo.  The  can- 
toiT  of  Hinche  is  botmded  W  by  the 
Frt;nch  pariflies  of  Gonaives,  Petit  RivierC' 
and  Mireb'alais,  and  contains  with  fome 
appendages  abriut  12,000  fouls.  7'he 
town  contains  about  500  houfes,  and,  to- 
gether with  its  dependences,  450O  fouls, 
500  of  whom  are  capable  of  bearing  arms. 
It  is  fituated  on  the  FI  fide  of  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Guayamucoj  64  miles  N  W  of 
St.  Domingo.      N  !at.  19  3. 

Hiuifbtngh,  a  port:  tovv^n  in  Chittenden 
CO.  in  Vermont,  lies  E  of  and  joins  Chai"- 
lotte  on  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  ^T)^ 
inhabitants. 

Hingham,  a  port:  town  in  Suffolk  co. 
Maflachufetts,  fituated  on-  a  fmall  bay 
which  fcts  up   S  from  Bolton  Bay.      h 

coAtaiim 


«66 


liOL 


ffontains  a  number  of  houfes  compa<5lIy 
built,  two  Con'gr^gational  churches,  and 
a  well  endowed  fchool,  called,  in  honor 
ef  its  principal  donor  and  founder, 
Derby  School.  It  is  19  miles  S  E  of 
Bofton,  and  22  in  a  like  direction  from 
Plymouth.  The  townfliip  is  about  4 
miles  fquare,  confifts  of  two  pariflies,  v^as 
incorporated  in  1635,  and  contains  ziiz 
inhabitants.  Here  are  6  grifl:  mills,  ^ 
faw  mills,  and  a  fulling  mill  ;  fovtr  of 
which  are  tide  mills.  'I'wo  hills  in  this 
town,  one  of  which  is  called  Baker's  HiH, 
prefent  exteufive  and  delightful  profpeCis 
of  Bofton  Bay,  its  illauds,  and  the  adjacent 
country. 

Hinfdale^  in  Vermont,  now  Vernon, 
which  fee. 

//////o'^/i?,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Connecticut 
river,  whercr  the  S  line  of  the  Prate  ftrikes 
the  river -in  42  4359  N  laf  and  is  oppoiite 
to  Vernon  m  Vermont.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1753,  and  contains  634  inhabitants. 
It  is  about  38  miles  above  Northampton. 

i/m,'?/?,  a  poft  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
has  1 04  inhabitants. 

Hifpaniola.^       See  Sf.  Dc'fni r'go. 

Hitghelaga,  or  Hochclaga,  an  Indian  vil- 
lage in  L.  Canada,  fituated  in  the  ifland 
of  Montreal,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  morth- 
tain  fo  called.  It  is  fortified  after  the  In- 
dian manner,  and  the  inhabitants  I'peak 
the  Huron  language. 

Hilton,  a  village  in  Anne  Arundel  co. 
Maryland,  13  miles  W  by  S  of  Balti- 
jnore. 

Hiivj/pey  is  the  only  river  of  any  confe- 
quenoe  which  empties  into  the  TenefTee 
from  the  S.,  It  is  a  bold  river  paffing 
through  the  Cherokee  towns,  and  empties 
into  tiie  Teneilee  about  40  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Clinch,  and  46  above 
the  Whirl  or  Suck,  by  land,  but  60  by 
water.  It  is  naviga.blc  till  it  penetrates 
the  mountains  on  its  S  lide.  Ore  was 
found  in  thefe  mountains,  when  in  poflef* 
fion  of  the  Britiflv,  from  which  gold  was 
6xtra6led.  The  Indians  know  the  fpot  ; 
but  are  very  anxious  to  keep  it  a  fecret. 
A  branch  of  the  Hi wafTee,  called  Amoia, 
almoft  interlocks  a  branch  of  the  Mobile. 
The  portage  between  them  is  fliort,  and 
the  road  firm  and  level 

Hobhp:oU.      See   Tappahannoci. 

Hobuken,  a  tra6t  of  land  i-n  Bergen  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  the  W  bank  of  the  Hudlbn, 
in  the  mountainous  country  between  the 
town  of  Bergenoand  Fort  Lee,  ab^ut  7 
mfles  above  N.  York  city. 


lioclelaga,  the  ancient  name  for  tlfxlP 
river  St.  Lawrence. 

Hockhockinor,  a  river  in  the  ftate  of  Ohio', 
about  a8  miles  below  the  Mufkingum, 
which  it  refembles,  but  is  inferior  to  it  iii 
fize.  It  rifes  near  a  branch  of  the  Scioto, 
and  taking  a  S  \V  coUrfe  enters  the  Ohio, 
at  Bellpre,  in  N  lat.  38  57.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  largS  flatbottomed  boats,  between 
70  and  80  miles  ;  has  fine  meadows  with 
high  banks,  which  are  feldoni  overflowed, 
and  rich  uplands  on  its  borders.  On  the 
banks  of  this  iine  river  are  inexhauftible 
qtiarries  of  freefton?,  large  beds  of  iron 
eie,  rich  mines  of  lead,  and  coal  pits. 
There  are  alfo  produv^iv^  fait  fprings, 
beds  of  white  and  blue  clay  of  an  excel- 
lent quality.  Red  bole,  and  many  oth^r 
uieful  foflih  hav6  beeil  found  on  the  banks 
of  fhis  river. 

Hockhock'utg,  a  pofl:  to#n,  Rofs  co. Ohid, 
440  miles  from  WaAiington. 

Hoclqusr,  or  Hockquart,  an  ifland  of  U 
Canada,  on  the  E  fide  of  Lake  Superior. 

Hog,  an  ifiand  on  the  E  lide  of  Lake 
Chaniplain,  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont,  ^ 
mile?  long,  and  generally  about  3  broad. 

Hog,  an  ifland  in  Narraganfet  bay, 
Rhode  Ifland,  about  %  miles  in  circumfcr-f 
ence,  2  miles  from  Briftol. 

Hogton,  in'    Martin   co.     N.    Carolina/ 
where   is   a   poft  office,  372  miles    from 
I  Wafliington. 

j       Hog  l/Iafid,  below  Peach  Ifland  in  U. 
'■  Canada,  is  fituated  in  the  ftrair  of  Detroit, 
\  where  it  opens  into  lake  St.  Clair,  the 
'  lower  end  of  it  is  about  2  miles  above  De- 
troit ;  it  contains  about  300  acres  of  land 
!  fit  for  tillage,  and   a    large    quantity   of 
marfli   or  meadow  land..      It    has   lome 
wood  on  it ;  the  laiul  is  low,  but  valuable 
for  pafturage,  is  well  improved,  and  con- 
tains in  all  about  1 700  ftatu^e  acres. 

Smyth'. 
Hogohcge,    Callamanco,     and      Cherokee  i 
names  formerly  applied  to  'Tenejfee  ri'ver. 

Hold-cn,   a   townfliip  in    Worcefter  coi 

Maflachufetts,  7   miles  N  of  Worcefter, 

and  51  miles  W  of  Bofton.      It  contains 

114a  inhabitants.      It  was   incorporated 

I  in  1740.      In   the  ea;rthquake   in    1755, 

j  there  were  feveral  acres  of  land,  in  an  ob- 

'  fcurs*  place  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the  town- 

j  fliip,  quite  furrounded  by  a  \alible  frac- 

j  turc  inthe  earth,  of  a  circular  form,   and 

i  of  various  width  and  depth.      Ihe  fmall 

'  river  there   had    its  bed  raifed  fo  as  tor 

!  occafion    a  conflderable   fall     of   water, 

j  where  there   was   little  or  none  before. 

i  I'he  ftump  of  a  tree,  that  ftood  diredliy 


II  o  h 


K  O  M 


yrtr  the  ch^im,  on  the  E  was  tiivided  in- 
to two  eqi'al  parts,  one  (landing  on  the 
toULiide  of  tlie  chai'm,  the  other  upon  tlie 
inliue ;  but  not  oppciite  to  each  other  ; 
the  half  v/ilhin  the  clial'm,  being  tarried 
five  feet  iorward,  toward  the  river. 

Haldernipy  a  tovrniliip  in  Grafton  co. 
K.  riampiiiire,  on  tlie  E  fide  of  Pemige- 
wuilet  river,  was  incorporated  in  1761, 
and  contains  531  inliaoitants.  A  corner 
ox  Sqi'.ain  Lake  is  in  this  townlliip  ;  and 
feattlefnake  Mountain  lies  partly  in  this 
and  Sandwich,  the  adjcining  tovvnlhip 
©n  the  N  E.  It  is  64  miles  N  N  \7  of 
S^ortfuioulh. 

Huhl-wiih  Hope,  the  firil  land  difcovered 
hj  Hudibn  on  the  eafi:ern  coaft  of  Green- 
land, in  1607.       N  iat.  73. 

HoL  in  the  WcU,  a  vilhige  in  Talbot  co. 
Maryh-.nd,  on  the  L  iidc.  of  Cliefapeak 
bay ;  7  irules  eailerly  of  Oxford,  and  a 
like  dlftance  S  of  Eafton. 

IJvlianJ,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
MaiTnchuiltt?,  which,  until  incorporated 
in  1785,  "rvas  the  E  pririlh  of  S,  Brimiield, 
ijid  is  bounded  S  by  Toiiand  co.  in  Con- 
necticut, E  by  V/ofcelter  co.  and  north- 
•ward  by  Brimiield.  It  contains  445  in- 
liabitants,  and  is  75  miles  S  W  by  W  of 
JBoflon. 

HollarJ,  Company  L<'.nJs,  are  fituated  in 
Peimfylvania,  on  the  navigable  waters  of 
ilUeghany  river  and  French  Creek. 

Hollands  Ijlunds  are  near  to,  and  S  of 
liooper's  Ifiand  in  Chefapcak  Bay. 

Holiand''s  Pointy  on  the  W  lide  of  Chefa- 
peak  Bay,  together  with  Parker's  liland, 
form  the  mouth  of  Herrino;  Bay. 

Holland'' i  Ri'ver,  in  U.  Canada,  runs  from 
the  S  W,  and  empties  into  Cook's  bay, 
lake  Sinicoe. 

Hdl-.s,  the  NifitiJfLt  of  the  Indians, 
a  towailiip  in  HilUborough  co.  N.  liamp- 
iliircjon  the  MalTachufetts  line,  incoipo- 
latedin  1746.  It  is  about  70  miles  S  W 
of  Portfmouth,  and  45  N  W  of  Bofton, 
and  contains  1557  inhabitants. 

Hdiidays  IJlaud,  He;>  15  miles  up  Chowan 
fiver  in  N.  Carolina  :  thus  tar  the  river 
i*  5  miles  wide. 

Hdlijlon,  the  moll:  Ibuthcrn  tov/nfliip 
in  Middiefex  co.  Malfachufetts,  has  IIop- 
Jdiiton  on  the  N,  Wreutham  on  the  E, 
i).ud  is  a8  miles  S  by  W  of  Bofton.  The 
Jirii  fettlements  were  made  here  in  1710, 
aad  in  1724  the  town  was  incorporated 
hy  its  prefent  name  in  honor  of  'Phomas 
irlollio  of  London,  one  of  the  patrons  of 
Cambridge  Univerfzty  ;  aad  it  now  con- 
taia»  783  inhabitants. 


Hdmcs's  Hole,  Dukes  co.  MalTachufetts, 
a  commodious  and  lafe  harbour  on  the 
N  fide  of  Martlra's  Vineyard.  Here  is 
a  poft  oflice,9o  miles  S  £  ofBoitoii,  and 
3  24  E  from  Wafliington. 

Hchttjhury,  Philadelphia  co.  Pennfy'va- 
nia,  where  is  a  piift  oilice,  1^0  miles  from  ' 
Wafliington. 

Uvijlon,  a  branch  of  Teneflee  river,  riies 
in  Virginia,  and  joins  that  river  32  miles 
belovv^  Knosville.  It  is  a  large,  bold  river, 
upwc-.rds  of  300  yardh  wide  at  that  town, 
is  about  200  miles  in  length,  and  receives 
in  its  courfe  feveral  cordiderable  rivers, 
viz.  from  its  head  downwards,  Watauga, 
French  Broad,  (which  includes  Limofione 
Creek,  Nolachucky,  Swanano,  Big  Laurel, 
and  Big  and  Little  Pigeon)  and  little 
rivers.  The  flreams  on  the  northern 
lide  are  creeks  of  no  great  hze  or  length 
of  courie.  Holfton  is  navigable  for 
beats*. of  25  tons  upwards  of  lOO  miles,  a# 
high  as  the  mouth  of  the  N.  lork;  at 
wiiich  place  Mr.  David  Rofs  has  ere<£teci 
ironworks  upon  a  large  fcaie.  At  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  on  the  N  lide,  ftands 
Fort  Grainger.  The  river  is  130  yards 
wide,  1^  miles  above  the  N  Fork 
at  Ruls's  iron  works,  and  nearly  5  above 
L.  liland,  and  in  N  lat.  36  27,  W  ion.  83  8. 
See  1aij/)k-zvA  L.  IJlaiid. 

HolJiQii,  a  fetllement  on  the  river  above- 
mentioned,  Ui  the  ftate  of  Teneffee,  con- 
taining, in  1790,  28,649  inhabitants, 
though  in  the  year  1775  it  had  hardly 
2200  ;  yet  its  importance  daring  the 
revolution  may  be  conceived,  when  it  is 
known  that  a  great  part  of  thofe  volun- 
teer troops  who  attacked  and  defeated 
the  Britilli  and  tories  on  King's  Moun- 
tain, who  were  commanded  by  Colonel 
Fergulon,  came  from  this  country.  I'he 
land  is  generally  fertile,  but  the  face  of 
the  country  is  much  broken.  Placed 
between  two  large  mountains,  it  feldom 
futfers  for  want  of  rain.  It  abounds 
with  iron  ore.  A  capital  furnace  and 
forge  have  lately  been  erefied  in  Holfton, 
near  the  Virginia  line,  a  bloomery  below 
the  mouth  of  Watawga,  and  another  25 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Frencli 
Broad.  There  are  feveral  lead  mines  ia 
the  fcttlement,  one  in  particular  00  the 
French  Broad,  that  produces  75  per  cent, 
pure  lead.  L.  Ifiand,  on  Holfton  river  ia 
340  miles  S  W  by  W  of  Richmond  iu 
Virginia. 

Holy  Rood,  a  bay  in  Newfoundland  I. 
at  the  head  of  Conceptic^  Bay. 

Home  Dif.ria^  I'he^  in    U.  Canada,  wa« 
©riginally 


HON 


HOIT 


eriginally  conftituted  and  erected  Into  a 
diftridl  of  N-illau,  in  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, by  Lord  Dorchefter's  proclamation  of 
July,  1788  ;  it  received  its  prefent  name 
by  an  adl  of  the  provincinl  legiflature  ; 
and  is  bounded  eafterly  by  a  meridian 
.pafTuig  through  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Trent;  northerly  by  the  Ottawa  river 
into  lake  ""i'omifcanning,  and  the  bounds 
of  the  Rudfon's  bay  company;  alfo  by 
part  of  lake  Huron  ;  wefterly  by  a  me- 
ridian pruTirtg  through  the  eallern  extrem- 
ity of  Long  Point,  or  the  N  Foreland  : 
and  foutherly  by  part  of  lake  Ontario 
and  part  of  lake  Erie.  Smyth. 

ILm't,  a  militarv  townfliip  in  Ononda- 
go  CO.  N.  York,  on  th^  head  waters  of  the 
N  W  branch  of  Chenengo  river.  It  has 
612  inhabitants. 

Homochkto,  a  fmall  flream  of  thervTiHirip- 
pl  territory,  wh'cii  falls  into  the  MiiTifip^:! 
river,  a  few  miles  N  of  Loftus'  Heights, 
in  lat  3  r  i  z  N. 

Hondsy  Rio,  ?,  river  of  Yucatan,  which 
empties  into  the  bay  of  Honduras. 
This  river,  by  the  peace  of  1781,  Vv-^as  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  tract  fouthward 
of  Beliefle  river,  granted  by  the  Spaniards 
to  tViQ  Bntifli,  to  cut  and  cari-y  away 
log'vvood. 

Hondi\y  a  bay  on  the  N  i'id.c  of  the  idand 
of  Cuba,  weft  ward  of  the  Havannah. 

Honduras,  a  province  of  New  Spain, 
having  the  bay  of  its  name  and  the  N.  Sea 
on  the  N  ;  Yucatan  on  the  N  W ;  and 
the  Mofquito Shore  on  the  NE;  Nicaragua 
and  Guatimala  on  the  S,  and  Vera  {*az 
on  the  W.  It  is  about  100  leagues  long 
and  80  broad.  It  abounds  with  honey, 
cotton,  fine  wool,  dye  woods  in  particular, 
and  has  fome  gold  and  filver  mines.  The 
rivers  overflow  like  the  Nile,  and  enrich 
the  land.  The  air  is  good,  except  near 
the  lagoons  and  low  groundvS.  The  foil 
in  many  parts  bears  Indian  corn  thrice  a 
year  ;  and  fh.e  vineyards  bear  twice  a 
year;  for  immediately  after  the  vintage 
they  cut  them  again  ;  and  the  fecond 
grapes  are  ripe  before  Chriftmas.  Val- 
ladolid  is  the  chief  town,  where  the  gover- 
nor and  billiop  refide.  Truxillo  is  alfo  a 
fine  town,  and  very  ftrong  by  nature  ; 
and  Omoah  is  ftrongly  fortified.  The 
Spaniards  claim  this  country ;  but  the 
Englifli  have  been  long  in  poffefllon  of 
the  logwood  tra6l  in  the  Bay  of  Hondu- 
ras, cutting  large  quantities  of  it  every 
year.  And  the  Mofquito  Indians  to  the 
E  of  this  province  have  entered  into 
treaties  with  the  Englilli,  received  them 


into  their  country,  and  done  them  Itveral 
fervices.  Befide,  the  Spaniards  have  nc* 
forts  in  th>s  bay,  or  in  the  country  of  the 
Mofquito,  only  tv/o  fmall  towns. 

Honduras y  Sea  of,  is  that  part  of  the  N. 
Sea  bounded  N  by  the  Iliand  of  Cu^a» 
S  by  the  Mofquito  fliore,  S  W  hj  the 
hay  of  Honduras,  W  by  the  peninlula  of 
Yucatan,  N  W  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  II 
N  E  by  Jamaica,  and  the  Caribbean 
Sea. 

Jflmdurns,  B<?y  rf,  noted  for  cutting  of 
logwood,  a-s  that  of  Campeachy  formerly 
was.  It  Jics  in  the  province  of  the  fame 
name,  and  opens  betwixt  Cape  Honduras 
in  N  lat.  13  30,  and  Cape  Catoclie,  the 
eaflernmoft  point  of  Yucatan  in  N  lat.  71 
30.  TJie  dlftanoe  between  thefe  cape* 
is  270  mi^es.  The  great  lake  of  Nicara- 
gua has  an  outlet  into  it  by  the  river 
Anuzelos,  or  Angelos,  only  navigable  by 
i'mall  craft.  In  this  bay  are  feveral  fmall 
illands,  particularly  the  Pearl  lilands,  a 
little  to  the  N,  but  the  pearls  fiflied  up 
are  not  in  fuch  quantiiies  as  ^  formerly, 
nor  fo  large.  Sugar  river  alio,  a  fmall 
r-iver  from  Veraguas,  falls  into  it.  It  ha« 
its  name  from  the  quantity  of  Sugar 
works,  with  which  t'le  country  a'ounds. 
The  part  of  the  country  vyhere  the  Eng- 
lifli cut  their  lo^^^wood  is  all  a  flat,  and 
a  great  part  of  it  a  morafs,  with  i'everal 
lagoons,  which  are  very  often  overflown. 
Tlie  cutters  amount  to  15  or  1600  men  ; 
but  form  no  regular  colony ;  jct  they 
choofe  a  chief,  who  cannot  have  lef:5  au- 
thority, luxury,  or  emolument,  or  whofe 
fubje(5f3  are  more  difol>edient.  The 
quantity  of  wood  annually  furniflied  by 
the  bay  has  been  valued  at  -^0,000  tons. 
The  Eng'ilh  export  only  about  -6,000  ; 
but  the  principal  branch  of  the  trade  was 
lately  carried  on  by  the  Dutch,  whole  an- 
nual clear  profit  ufed  to  amount  to  abox-e 
90,000/.  flcrling.  The  bay  is  fprinkled 
with  an  infinity  of  flioals,  rocks  and  cluf- 
ters  of  drowned  iflands,  vi^hich  aoound 
with  great  numbers  of  green  turtle. 
There  are  feveral  channels  between  them^ 
among  which  a  fiiip  fliould  not  venture 
without  an  experienced  pilot.  The  raan- 
ati  is  frequently  met  with  here,  and  that 
called  the  JewfiHi,  which  is  fomethln^ 
like  the  cod,  but  thicker  in  proportion, 
and  much  better  eating.  They  have 
very  broad  fcales,  and  fome  of  them 
weigh  8oibs. 

Hmzeyyoc,  a  lake  in  the  GenefTee  coun- 
try, N.  York,  wcilward  of  Canandarque 
Lake,  5  miles  long  aud  3  bread. 


GUA 


GUA 


Uonga  Uapfec,  an  uBinliahl table  rock  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean  not  half  a  league  in  cir- 
c-umference,  lo  leagues  N  of  Tongataboo, 
X'ifible   15  leagues  diftant. 

Ho/iOfKi/iies,a.  river,  in  the  N  W  Territo- 
ry which  runs  S  S  eaft(^rly  into  Puan  Bay. 
Jbctween  the  head  of  this  river  and  Lake 
Superior  is  a  fliort  portage. 

Hoods,  IJJand,  one  of  the  Marquefas  IH- 
ands  in  the  S.  Sea,  fo  called  by  its  difcover- 
cr  Capt.  Cook.  It  lies  in  9  26  S  lat.  j  or 
6  leagues  N  by  W  of  the  £  point  of  Dom- 
inica. 

Hook  IJland.      See  Bombay  //"^o/f-. 

Hoakfet  Falls^  in  Merrimack  river,  jufi: 
below  the  mouth  of  Suncook,  7  miles 
above  Amulkeag  Falls,  and  8  below  Con- 
cord, N.  Hamplliire. 

Hookjloiutt,  a  village  on  the  W  fide  of 
Chefapeak  Bay  in  Maryland,  Baltimore 
CO.  6  miles  N  W  of  Baltimore. 

Hooktoivn,  a  village  on  the  E  fide  of 
Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Talbot  co.  Maryland, 
K  of  Eafton,  and  S  W  of  Williamfburg,  3 
miles  from  each. 

Hoo/igaionga,  an  uninljabitable  rock,  not 
half  a  league  in  circumference,  10  leagues 
N  of  Tongataboo,  feparated  from  Honga 
Happee  by  a  channel  a  league  broad,  run- 
ning E  N  E  and  W  S  W. 

Hooper's  IJland  and  Straits,  He  on  the  E 
fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  and  on  the  S  W 
coaft  of  Dorchefter  co.  Maryland.  The 
illand  is  7  miles  long,  and  2^  hr6ad. 

Honfack,  a  towniiiiip  in  ReniTelaer  co. 
N.  York,  oppoute  Bennington,  in  Ver- 
mont, and  has  3141  inhabitants. 

Hoofacli,  a  river  of  N.  York,  which 
falls  into  the  Hudfim  from  the  E,  about  8 
miles  above  the  city  of  Lanfinburgh.  It 
riles  in  BerkHiire  co.  Mallachufetts,runs 
N  wefterly  through  Pownal  in  Vermont, 
thence  into  N.  York  fiate.  Its  length 
is  about  40  miles.  The  curious  mill- 
ftream  called  Hudfon's  Brook,  which  falls 
into  a  N  branch  of  Hoofack,  is  defcribed 
in  the  account  of  .<4^,awj,  in  Maflachufetts. 

Hope,  a  village  in  SulTex  co.  N-  Jerfey, 
on  the  port  road  from  Newtown  to  Eaf- 
ton, Pcnnfylvania,  16  miles  S  W  of  the 
former,  and  20  N  E  of  the  latter.  It  is 
inhabited  by  about  100  of  the  Moravian 
United  Brethren.     Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Hope,  a  bay  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  fo  named  by  Capt.  Cook.  The 
entrance  of  Nootka,  or  St.  George's  Sound 
is  fituated  in  the  E  corner  of  Hope  Bay, 
in  N  lat.  49  33,  E  Ion.  233  12. 

Hope,  a  Moravian  fettlement  irf  Wa- 
chovia, in  N.  Carolina,  in  Svirry  co.  where 


is  a  meeting  houfe  of  the  United  Breth- 
ren. 

Hope  Toivnfo'ip,  in  the  co.  of  Durham, 
U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  W  of  Hamilton, 
and  fronts  lake  Ontario.  Swyth. 

Hope,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Narraganfet  Bay, 
ftate  of  Rhode  Ifland. 

Hopeioivn,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.  Jeru- 
falem  townfliip,  N.  York,  on  a  riCng 
ground  near  the  creek  which  connects 
Crooked  \\\\.\\  Seneca  Lake,  half  a  mile 
from  the  former  Lake,  15  miles  S  of  Ge- 
neva. A  fet  of  Merchants  mills  of  the 
bcft  conftrudlign,  are  built  on  this  creek, 
accelTible  by  boats  from  Seneca  I>ake. 

Hopfivell,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland 
CO.  in  New  Brunfwick,  on  Chcpodie  riv-» 
er,  which  runs  eafterly  into  a  northern 
arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  is  naviga-- 
ble  4  or  5  miles. 

HopcivcU,  the  name  of  3  townfliips  in 
Pcnnfylvania,  viz.  in  York,  Huntingdon, 
and  Wafliington  counties. 

Hopeivell,2L  townfliip  in  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  Delaware  river,  14  miles 
W  of  Princetown,  and  11  above  Trenton. 
It  contained  in  X79P,  2320  inhabitants. 
Another  townfliip  of  this  name  lies  in 
Cumberlanc]  co,  in  N. Jerfey. 

Hopkins,  or  Hopkinfville,  a  townlhip  \t\ 
Caledonia  co.  in  Vermont,  was  granted 
to  Dr.  Hopkins;  11  miles  N  W  of  the 
upper  bar  of  the  Fifteen  Mile  Falls  in 
Connecffcicut  R. 

Hopkinion,  a  half  fliire  tov/n  of  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  on  Contoo- 
cook,  river,  9  miles  S  W  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  the  Merrimack,  and  divide^ 
from  Concord  on  the  E,  by  the  Rocking- 
ham county  line.  It  was  firft  granted  by 
Maflachuletts,  was  incorporated  in  1765, 
and  contains  2016  inhabitants,  who  are 
chiefly  farmers.  It  is  a  handfome  flour- 
ifliing  town,  42  miles  E  by  S  of  Charlef- 
town  on  ConnecElicut  river,  and  about  58 
W  by  N  of  Portfmouth. 

HnpLiiiton,  a  townfliip  in  Middlefex  co. 
MalTachufeits.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1 7 15,  and  contains  1372  inhabitants. 
The  rivers  Concord,  Providence  and 
Charles  receive  each  of  them  a  branch 
from  this  town,  Thefe  ftreams  furniflj. 
feats  for  7  or  8  griftmills,  a  number  of 
fawmills,  iron  works,  &c. 

Ho/Liiiioti,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington 
CO  Rhode!,  on  the  W  line  of  the  ftate, 
on  fevcral  branches  of  Pawcatuck  river. 
It  contains  227  inhabitants. 

Horn,  Cape,  the  fouthern  extremity  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  and  of  S.  America,  w?,? 

f.rfl 


HOW 


HUD 


f.rll  failed  round  in  1616,  and  the  flraits 
%vere  difcovercd  in  1643.  ^  ^^^*  55  jS> 
W  Ion.  67  21. 

Iloniyan  ifland  on  the  coafl  of  W.  Flor- 
ida, between  Ship  and  Mairacre  iflands. 
Horn  ifland  is  nearly  17  miles  long 
and  about  half  a  mile  wide.  There  are 
more  trees  on  the  middle  of  the  ifland 
than  in  any  other  part  of  it  ;  and  for 
about  3  miles  from  the  E  end  there  are 
no  trees  at  all ;  but  there  are  a  number 
of  fandy  hillocks.  Hutchitis. 

Hornet,  a  fmall  ftream  in  Maine,  which 
falls  into  Penoblcot  R.  on  its  W  fide  in 
Townfliip  No.  3,  the  fame  with  Hemlock, 
about  3  miles  above  the  latter,  and  about 
12  above  the  Great  Falls. 

Horntoivn,  a  village  in  Maryland^  31 
miles  from  SnowhIll,a6  from  Drummond 
or  Accomack  court  houfc,  in  Virginia, 
and  168  from  Philadelphia. 

Horfiiieck^  a  point  of  land,  on  the  N 
fide  of  Long  Illand,  between  Hog's  Neck 
and  Eaflon's  Neck. 

Horfcncck^\x\xh.t  townfliip  of  Greenwich, 
Fairfield  co.  ConnetStlcut,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Pat  horn  fing,  was  fettled  m  i68o. 
A  bloody  battle  was  fought  here  between 
the  Dutch  and  the  Indians,  in  1646.  The 
Dutch  with  great  difficulty  obtained  the 
vi(5lory.  %rcat  numbers  were  lb  in  on 
both  fides  ;  and  their  graves  appear 
to  this  day.  It  is  ^^i  miles  S  W  of  N. 
Haven,  and  37  N  E  of  N.  York  city. 

Horfeneck,  a  village  in  EiTex  co.  N.  Jer- 
fey,  on  the  fouthern  bank  of  PalTaic  river 
above  the  Little  Falls,  4  miles  S  W  by 
S  of  the  town  of  Patterfon. 

Horjham,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  781  inhabitants. 

Hortoit,  2l  townfliip  in  King's  co.  Nova 
Scotia.  Salmon  river  runs  through  Hor- 
ton,and  fupplies  the  inhabitants  with  ex- 
cellent falmon. 

HofpitalIJland,'n\  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
in  U.  Canada,  in  front  of  the  tawnlliip  of 
Edwardfburgh,  contains  about  lOO  acres  ; 
it  lies  immediately  above  Point  au  Gallop. 

Hotte,  a  mountain  in  the  W  part  of  the 
S  penlnfula  of  St.  Domingo. 
-  Hot  Spring.      See   Virginia. 

Hougue,  La,  a  little  fore  a  leagues  be- 
yond the  Havannah,  in  the  ifland  of  Cuba. 
From  hence  vefTels  begin  to  difcover  La 
Pain  de  Matance,  a  mountain  whofe  top 
refembles  an  oven  or  a  loaf.  It  ferves  fail- 
ors  to  knowtlie  bay  of  Matance  by,\vhich 
is   about  14  leagues  from  the   Havannah. 

H01VS,  Fort,  oi\  St.  Johu'a  R.  in  N.  Brunf- 
wick,  is  capable  of  (.ontainiug  joo  men. 
Vol.  I.  Ee 


Howe's  Ifland,  in  the  S.  Sea,  was  dircOV'- 

■  ered  by    Capt.  Wallis,    July   Z'^t    1767. 

Smoke  was  feen  to  arife  from  it,  but  no 

inhabitants  could  be  difccrned.     S  lat.  i6 

46,  W  Ion.  154  8. 

Houaheint,  one  of  the  Society  Ifles,  in 
the  S.  Sea.     S  lat.   16  44,  W  Ion.  151  i. 

Hozvland''s  Ferry,  is  the  narrow  part  of 
the  waters  that  feparate  Rhode  I.  from  the 
main  land.  It  is  about  a  quarter  of  a  mdft 
wide.  The  bridge  built  acrols  tliis  flrait 
coft  30,000  dollars, and  was  carried  away 
by  a  llorm  in  January,  1796.  It  is  re- 
built. 

Hovfatonick,  or  Hooejldnnuc,  a  river  of 
Conncc5licut,  in  the  Indian  language  fig- 
nifying  o'^jer  the  mountain,  riles  by  two 
fources ;  the  one  in  Lancfoorough,  the 
other  in  Windfor,  both  in  Bcrkfliire  co. 
MafTachufetts.  Tliefe  branches  form  a 
junvilion  in  Pittsficld,  and  the  river,  after 
paffingthroughanumberof  towns,  empties 
itfelf  into  Long  I.  Sound,  between  Stratford 
and  Milford  in  Conne6ticut.  It  is  navi- 
gable about  1 2  miles,  to  Derby.  A  bar 
of  fliells,  however,  at  its  mouth,  obftrucls 
the  navigation  of  large  veffels.  In  this 
river,  between  Salifbury  and  Canaan,  is  a 
cataract,  where  the  water  of  the  whole 
river,  which  is  150  yards  wide,  fails  per- 
pendicularly 60  feet.  Several  ufeful  mills 
and  iron  v.'otks  are  ercdiedon  thefe  falls, 

Houfe  of  the  Devil,      See  Luke  Ontario. 

Houakila,  a  name  by  fome  applied  to  the 
N  F,  branch  of  Illinois  river.    See  ll'heakiki, 

Huiigkton  Toivnjhip,  in  the  county  of 
Norfolk,  U.  Canada,  Hes  W  of  Walfing- 
ham  and  Lake  Erie. 

Hoivard  Toivfifiip^  in  the  co.  of  Suffolk, 
U,  Canada  lies  W  of  Oxford  ;  it  is  watered 
on  the  N  by  the  Thames,  and  on  the  S 
by  Lake  Erie. 

Hoive  Ijlar.d,  in  the  CO.  of  Ontario,  U. 
Canada,  lies  in  the  river  St,  Lawrence, 
between  Wolf  illand  and  Pittlburgh. 

Huhhardjion,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefler 
CO.  Maliachufetts,  and  formed  the  N  E 
part  of  Rutland,  until  incorporated  in 
1767.  It  borders  on  the  weftcrn  part 
of  Wachuiet  Hill,  and  contains  iiij 
inhabitants.  It  is  20  miles  N  W  of  Wor- 
cefl:er,and  60  W  of  Bofton. 

Huhhardton,  a  fmall  river  riling  in  the  N 
part  of  this  townfliip,  noticeable  only  for 
itsj  falls  which  furnifli  excellent  mill  feats. 

Hubliertoti,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  has  64a  inhabitants,  and  lies  50 
miles  N  of  Bennington. 

Hudfons  Bay,  took  its  name  from  Hen- 
ry Hudfon,  who  difcovercd  it  in  16 10. 

It 


HUD 


fiuu 


It  lies  b>jt\veen  SS  and  65  degrees  of  N 
lat.    The  eaftern  boundary  of  the  bay  i& 
Terra  de  Labrador  ;  the  northern  part 
has  a  ftraight  coaft,  facing  the  bay.  gi^ard- 
ed  with  a  line  of  ifles  innumerable.     A 
vaft  bay,  called  the  Archiwinnipy  Sea, 
lies  within  it,  and  opens  into  Hudfon's 
Bay,  by  means  of  Gulf  Hazard,  through 
which  the  Beluga   whales  pafs  in  great 
numbers.      The    entrance    of   the  bay, 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  after  leaving, 
to  the  N,    Cape    Farewell   and    Davis's 
Straits,  is  between  Refolution  Ifles  on  the 
N,  and  Button's  Ifles,  on  the  Labrador 
coafl,  to  the  S,  forming  the  eaftern  ex- 
tremity of  Hudfon's  Straits.     The  coafls 
are  very  high,  rocky  and  rugged  at  top  ; 
in  fome  places  precipitous,  but  fomctimes 
exhibit    extenfive  beaches.     The  iflands 
of  Salifbury,  Nottingham,  and  Digges  are 
rery  lofty  and  naked     The  depth  of  wa- 
ter in  the  middle    of    the    bay  is     140 
fathoms.     From  Cape  Churchill  to  the  S 
end  of  the  bay,  are  regular  foundings  ; 
near  the  fliore,  iliallow,  with  muddy  or 
fandy    bottom.      To    the    northward  of 
Churchill,  the  foundings  are  irregular,  the 
bottom  rocky,  and" in    fome    parts    the 
rocks    appear  above  the  furface  at  low- 
water.     Hudfon's  Bay  is  reckonetl  about 
300  leagues  wide,,  from    N    to    S.^     Its 
breadth    is    unequal,    being    about    130 
leagues  where  broadcft   ;    but  it  grows 
narrower  at  both  extremities,  being  not 
much  above  2S  leagues  iii  fome  places. 
In  the  account  of  N.  Britain,  we  have  giv- 
en a  general  account  of  the  Hudfon's  Bay 
Company's  fettlements  on  both  Edes  of 
Jamcb's    Bay.      I'he     commerce   in    the 
countries  adjacent  to  this  inland  fea  is  in 
the  hands  of  an  exclufive  Britifli  Compa- 
ny of  its  name,  who  employ  only  4  fliipsj 
and   130  feamen.     The    forts   Prince  of 
Walt's,  Churchill  river,  Neifoii.  New  Sev- 
ern, and  Albany,  are  garrifoned  by  1S6 
men.     The    French,  in   178a,  took  and 
dtftroytd  thefe  fettlements,  &c.  faid   to 
amount  to  the  value  of  ^^.j  00,000  fterling. 
ThcCompany's  exports  are  to  the  amount 
of  j«^  16,000.  moflly  the  drugs  of  the  mar- 
ket, which  produce    returns,  chiefly  in 
beaver  flcins,  and  rich  furs,  to  the  value 
of  ;^. 29,000  ;  yielding  government  a  clear 
revenue  of   £  .1.734.     This  includes   the 
fiihcry   in  Hudfon's  Bay.    The  flcins  and 
furs  procured  by  this  trade,  when  manu- 
fatSlured,   atford  articles  for  trading  with 
many  nations  of  Europe,togreat  advantage. 
Hudfon's    Strait,    or  Frobijhers    M'Jlaken 

Strait,  which  leadi  i»to  tjudloa's  Bay,  in 


a  wefierly  courfe,  is  76  miles  wide,  be* 
tween  Cape  Chidlcy  and  the  S  point  of 
Refolution  Ifland. 

Hudfons  Hoiife,  one  of  the  Hudfon*f 
Bay  Company's  fa(Sories  in  N.  America, 
lies  on  the  S  W  fide  of  Suflcafhav^an,  river, 
100  miles  E  of  Manchefter  Houfe,  and 
167  S  E  by  E  of  Buckingham  Haufe.  N 
lat.  S2)  o  3^'  W  Ion.  io6  27  20. 

Hudfon  Rhcr,  paffes  its  whole  courfe  in 
the  ftate  of  N.  York,  and  is  one  of  the 
largeft  and    fincfi:  rivers  in    the  United 
States.     It  rifes  in  a  mountainous   coun- 
try, between  the  lakes  Ontario  and  Cham- 
plain.     In  its  courfe  foutheafl:erly  it  ap- 
proaches   within  6  or  8  miles  of    lake 
George  ;  then,    after    a    fliort  courfe  E 
turns  foutherly,  and  receives  the  Sacon-  • 
daga  from  the  S  "W,  which  heads  in  the 
neighbourliood  of  Mohavv'^k  river.     The 
courfe  of  the  river  thence  to  N.  York, 
where  it  empties  into  York  Bay,  is  very 
uniformly  S  12    or  15  W.      Its   whole 
length  is  about  250  miles.    From  Albany 
to  lake  George  is  65  miles.   Thisdiflance, 
the  river  is  navigable  only  for  batteaux, 
and  has  two  portages,  occafioncd  by  falls, 
of  half  a  mile  eacho  ■  The  banks  of   Hud- 
fon's river,  efpecially  on  the  weftern  fide, 
as  far  as  the  highlands  extend,  are  chiefly 
rocky  cliflsi     The    paflage  through  the 
Highlands,  which  is  16  or  18  miles,  af- 
fords a  wild  romantic  fcene.     In  this  nar- 
row pafs,  on    each    fide  of    which    the 
mountains  tower  to  a  great   height,  the 
wind,  if  there  be  any,  is  colledled  and 
comprcfied,    and    blows    continually    as 
through  a  bellows  ;   vefljels,   in    pafling 
through  it  are  often  obliged  to  lower  their 
fails;     The  bed    of  this  river,  which  is 
deep  and  fmooth  to  an  ailonifliing  dif- 
tance,  through  a  hilly,  rocky  country,  and 
even  through  ridges  of  fome  of  the  high- 
efl:  mountains  in  the  United  States,  mufi: 
undoubtedly    have    been    produced    by 
fome  mighty,  convulfion  in  nature.     The 
tide  flows  a  few    miles    above  Albany, 
which  is  160  miles  from  N.  York.     It  is 
navigable  for  floops  of  80  tons  to  Albany, 
siud  for  fliips  to  Hudfon      Ship  naviga- 
tion to  Albany  is  interrupted  by  a  num- 
ber of  iflands  and  flioals  6  or  8  miles  be- 
low the  city,  called  the   Ovcrjlaugh.       It 
has  been  in  contemplation  to  confine  the 
river  to  one  channel,  by  which  means  it 
will  be  deepened,  and  the  difficulty  of 
approaching   Albany    with  veflcU  of  a 
larger  fize,  be  removed.     About  60  miles 
above  N.  York  the  water  becomes  frefli. 
The  river  is  flored  with  a  variety  of  fifh, 

whicL 


HUB 


HUB 


-^ Inch  renders  a  fummer  pafTagc  to  Aiba- 
r)y, delightful  and  amufing  to  thofe  who 
are  fond  of  angling.     The  advantages  of 
•this  river  for  carrying  on  the  fur  trade 
with  Canada,  by  means  of  the  lakes,  are 
very  great.    Its  conveniences  for  internal 
commerce   are  fingularly    happy.      The 
produce  of  the  rtmoteft   farms  is  eafily 
and    fpeedily  conveyed  to  a  certain  and 
profitable  market,  and  at  the  lov/eft  ex- 
penfc.      In     this    refpe<ft,  N.  York    has 
greatly  the  advantage  of  Philadelphia.  A 
great  proportion  of  the  produce  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  is  carried  to  market  in  waggons, 
over  a  great  extent  of  cciantry,  fome   of  j 
■which  is  rough  ;  hence  it  is  that  Pliiladel-  j 
phia  is  crowdcdwith waggons, carts, horfcs  ! 
and  their  drivers,  to  do  the  fame  bufmeis  ' 
that  is  done  in  N.  York,  where  all    the 
produce  of  the  country   is  brought   to  j 
market   by  water,  with  much  Icfs  fliew  ! 
and  parade.     But  Philadelphia  has  other 
-advantages,  to  compenfate  for  this  tatu- 
.ral  defedt.     The  increafing  population  of 
the     fertile    lands    upon   the    northern 
branches   of  the  Hudibn,  muft  annually 
increafe  the  amazing  wealth  that  is  con- 
veyed by  its  waters  to  N.  York.     The 
northern  and  weftern  canals,  when  com- 
pleted, will   be  of  incalculable  advantage 
to  the  trade  of  this  ftatc. 

Hiidfons  R'l-ver^  a  broad  but  fliort  riv-er 
emptying  into  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Dor- 
xheder  co.  Maryland.  Hill's  Point,  N  E 
of  it,  fhapes  the  broad  mouth  of  the  river. 
Hudfon  City,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
town  in  Columbia  co.  N.  York,  on  the  E 
fide  of  Hudfon  R.  35  miles  S  by  E  of  Al- 
bany, and  132  N  of  N.  York  city.  In  the 
autumn  of  1783,  Meflrs.  Seth  and  Thomas 
Jenkins,  from  Providence,  of  Rhode  Uland, 
fixed  on  the  unfeltled  fpot,  whereon  this 
city  ftands,  for  a  town,  to  which  the  city 
is  navigable  for  veflels  of  any  fize.  The 
city  is  laid  out  into  large  fquares,  border- 
ing on  the  I'iver,  and  divided  into  30  lots. 
Other  adventurers  were  admitted  to  pro- 
portions, and  the  town  was  laid  out  in 
fquares,  formed  by  fpacious  fti  eets,  crofi- 
ing  each  other  at  right  angles.  Each 
fquare  contains  30  lots,  tv/o  deep,  divided 
by  a  %o  feet  alley.  Each  lot  is  50  feet  in 
front  and  120  feet  in  depth.  In  the  fpring 
of  1784,  feveral  houfes  and  (lores  were 
-  eredted.  The  increafe  of  the  town  from 
this  period  to  the  fpring  of  1786,  two 
years  only,  w'as  aftonifliingly  rapid,  and 
reflects  great  honor  upon  the  enterprif- 
ing  and  pcrfevering  fpirit  of  the  original 
founders.  In  the  fpace  of  time  jufl:  men- 
tioaed  no  !efs  than  jjo  dwelling  houfes, 


belide  fiiops,  barns  and  other  buildings, -^ 
warehoufes,  feveral  wharves,  Ipermaceti 
works,  a  covered   ropewalk,  and   one  of 
the  befl:  diftilleries  in  America,  were  erect- 
ed, and  1500  fouls  coiledled  on  a  Ipot, 
which  three  years  before,  was  improved 
as  a  farmi,  and  but  two  years  before  began 
to    be  built.     Its  increafe  fmce  has  V  een 
•very   rapid ;  a  printing  office   has   been 
eftabliflied,  and   feveral   public  buildings 
have  been  ercdled,  befide  dwelling  houfes, 
flores,  &c.     'Phe  inhabitants  are  plentiful- 
ly and  conveniently  fupplicd  with  water, 
brought  to  their  cellars  in  wooden  pipes, 
from  a  fpring   2  miles  from  the  town.     It 
has  a   large  bay  to  the  fouthward,   and 
Hands  on  an  eminence  frcm  which  are  ex- 
tenfive  and  delightful  views  to  the  N  W, 
JN,  and  i-ound  that  way  to  the  S  E,  con- 
fining of  hills  and  vallies,  variegated  with 
woods  and  orchards,  corn  fields  and  mead- 
ows, with  the  river,  which   is   in  moft 
places  a  mile  over,  and  may  be  feen  a  con- 
liderable  diflance  to  the  northward,  form- 
ing a  number  of  bays  and  creeks.     From 
the    S  E  to  the  S  W,  the  city  is  fcreencd 
with  hills,  at  different  dillances,  and  Aveft 
afar  off  over  tlie  river  and  a  large  valley, 
the  profpedl  is  bounded  by  a  chain  of  flu- 
pendous  mountains,  called  the  Kaats  Kill, 
running  to  the  W  N  W,  which  add  mag- 
nificence and  fubhmity  to  thewhole  fcene. 
Upwardsof  1 20c  lleighs  entered  the  city  dai- 
ly, for  feveral^ days  together,  in  February, 
1786,  loaded  with  grain  of  various  kinds, 
boards,  fiunojes,  fbves,  hoops,  iron  ware, 
flone  for  building,  firewood,  and  fundry 
articles  of  prcvifion  for  the  market,  from 
which   fome  idea  may  be  formed  of  the 
advantage  of  its  fituation,  with  refpedt  to 
the  country  adjacent,  which  is  every  way 
evtenfive   and   fertile,   particularly  wefl- 
ward.     The  original  proprietors  of  Hud- 
fon, offered  to  purchafe  a  tradl  of  land 
adjoining  the  S  part  of  the  city  of  Albany, 
and  were  conftrained,  by  a  rcfufal  of  the 
propohtion,  to   become   competitors  for 
the  commerce  of  the  northern  country, 
when     otherwife      they      would      Lave 
added  great   wealth  and  confequence   to 
Albany.     There  is    a   bank  here,  called 
Bank  of  Columbia,   whofe  capital   may 
not  exceed  160,000  dollars.     It   is   corri- 
pofedof4CO  fliares,  at  400  dollars  each. 
Hudfon  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  re- 
corder,4  aldermen,  4  affiftants  and  a  num- 
ber   of  other    officers.       The    number 
of    inhabitants    in    Hudfon     ToiJunf:ip,     is 
3664.     N  lat.  42  14. 

Hudfon,  a  flourifliing  town  in  Trumbull 
CO.  ftatc  of  Ohio,  about  ^s  milea   W  of 

Warren, 


HUN 


HV^ 


tVarren,    containing  about    200    inhab- 
itants. 

Hughcjhurg,  a  town  in  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  called  alfo  CatdivtJJy^ 
fituated  at  the  mouth  of  Catawefly  creek, 
IS  m.iles  N  E  of  Sunbury.  It  contains 
about  60  handfome  houfes,  and  a  meet- 
ing houfe  for  fi-iends.  It  has  13 15  inhab- 
itants, and  is  144  miles  N  W  of  Philadel- 
phia,     N  lat.  40  S4. 

Hull,  the  Indian  Nantaflcet,  a  town  of 
SufTolk  county  MalTachiifetts,  containing 
about  21  houfes,  25  families,  and  117  ii^- 
habitants,  and  has  a  meeting  houie.  It  is  a 
peninfub,  8  mUes  long,  9  miles  E  of  Bof- 
ton,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  harbour.  Grape 
Ifland,  the  Great  Brcwfters,  and  fev^eral 
other  iflands,  lie  near  it.  On  the  eaftern 
fide  of  the  town  are  two  forts,  in  one  is  a 
well  90  feet  deep,  which  often  has  85  feet 
of  water.  In  digging  it  the  ftrata  of  fliells 
&c.  the  WiioJe  depth,  were  regularly  dif- 
pofed,ason  the  beach.  Hull  is  joined  to 
Hingham  by  a  milldam,  where  a  mill  was 
eredted  by  a  mutual  grant  from  tlie  two 
towns,  about  the  year  1640,  which  now 
pays  taxes  equally  to  both  towns,  accord- 
ing to  the  contravSi  mnde  at  that  time. 

Htimas,  an  Indian  village  on  the  W  Ude 
of  Milfiuppi  R.  in  Loulfiana,  60  miles 
above  New  Orleans.  The  Humas  were 
formerly  a  e bnliderable  nation,  but  about 
1770  were  reduced  to  about  25  warriors. 
The  Alabamas,  whofe  villages  are  near 
thole  of  the  Hamas,  had,  at  the  above 
period,  about  30  warriors,  and  followed 
the  French  here  when  they  abandoned 
the  poft  on  Alabama  river  in  1762.  The 
Chctimachas  have  about  27  warriors. 

Humber  River, n\  the  E  riding  of  the  co. 
of  York,  in  U.  Canada,  empties  itfclf  into 
lake  Ontario,  a  little  to  the  eaftward  of 
the  old  fort  Torento. 

Huwler,  a  river  of  Newfoundland  I. 
which  empties  into  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  through  the  bay  of  Iflands. 

Huntberjlone  Toivnjhip,  in  the  CO.  of  Lin- 
coln, U  Canada,  lies  between  Bertie  and 
"Wainfleet,  and  fronts  Lake  Erie. 

Hummers  Toivn,  a  thriving  town  in 
Dauphine  co.  Pennfylvania,  containing  a 
German  Lutheran  church,  and  about  90 
houfes  ;  fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  Sv,rctara 
creek,  6  miles  N  of  Middletown,  10  E  by 
N  of  Harrifburg,  and  lOO  W  N  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, 

Hungarytoivn,  a  poft  town  of  Lunen- 
burgh  CO.  Virginia  aij  miles  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

iiungcrfjrd  Toivnjhl^^  in  the  co.  of  Haf- 


tlng»,  U.  Canada,'lies  in  the  rear  and  N  of 
the  Mohawk  traifl. 

Hungerford^  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  ca. 
Vermont,  conlaiuing  in  1790,  40  inhab- 
itants, 7  miles  S  of  the  Canada  hue  and 
14  E  of  L,  Champlain. 

Hunger  Creek,  a  ftream  which  carries 
the  various  water  machinery,  in  the  new 
and  thriving  manufacluringtown  of  Ham- 
ilton, between  Albany  and  Schenectady. 
Hunter  Fort, 11  miles  W  of  Schenedta- 
dy,on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  at  the 
mouth  of  Schoharie  Creek,  over  which  a 
bridge  is  about  to  be  built.  Here  is  an 
old  church  built  in  the  reign  of  queen 
Ann,  and  3  or  4  houfes.  At  this  place 
was  the  Old  Mohawk  town,  which  was 
abandoned  by  that  nation  as  late  as  the 
Spring  of  1780.  Thefe  Indians  had 
made  confiderablc  advances  in  civiliza- 
tion ;  could  generally  fpeak  the  Enghfli 
language,  and,  numbers  of  them  made 
profellion  of  their  faith  in  the  Chriftiau 
religion.  In  the  church  which  is  now 
ftanding,  they  ufed  to  attend  public  wor- 
fliip  in  the  Epifeopal  form.  Thefe  In- 
dians are  now  fettled,  a  part  of  them  on 
Grand  river,  a  northern  water  of  Lake 
Erie,  and  a  part  of  them  in  another  part  of 
U.  Canada.  None  of  this  nation  now  re- 
main in  the  United  States.  The  father 
of  the  only  remaining  family  was  drown- 
ed in  1788. 

Hunt  St  don  Co.  in  N.  Jcrfey,  is  bounded 
N  by  that  of  Morris,  E  by  Somerfct,  S  E 
by  Burlington,  S  WandW  by  Delaware 
river,  which  feparates  it  from  the  ftate  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  N  W  by  Suflt^x  co.  It 
is  about  40  miles  long,  and  32  broad,  is 
divided  into  10  townfliips,  and  contains 
21,261  inhabitants,  including  1220  flavcs. 
On  the  top  of  Mufkonetcong  mountain 
in  this  county,  is  a  noted  medicinal 
fpring,  much  reforted  to.  It  iflues  from 
the  fide  of  a  mountain  into  an  artificial 
refer\'oir,  for  the  accommodation  of 
thofe  who  wifli  to  bathe  in,  as  well  as  to 
drink,  the  waters.  It  is  a  flrong  chal- 
beate.     Trenton  is  the  chief  town. 

H'lnterjhicn,  a  village  of  Pennfylvania, 
fituated  in  York  co.  25  miles  W  by  S  of 
York  Town. 

Hunting  Creek,  in  Virginia,  runs  E  into 
Patowraack  river,  at  the  S  corner  of  the 
territory  of  Columbia. 

Hunting  Creek  Toivn,  a  village  in  the 
northern  part  of  Dorchefter  co.  Mary- 
land ;  14  miles  N  N  W  of  Vienna,  16  S 
by  W  of  Denton,  and  i8  N  E  of  Cam- 
bridge. 

HwntwgdWi 


HUN 


HUR 


Ilnnfingibn  College.  See  Georgia. 
Huntingdon,  an  extenfive  and  mountain- 
«us  county  in  Pennfylvania,  bounded  N 
and  N  W  by  Lycoming  county,  E  and  N 
E  by  Mifllin,  S  'li  by  Franklin,  S  and  S  W 
by  Bedford  and  Somerfet,  and  W  by 
Weftmoreland.  It  is  about  75  miles  long 
and  39  broad  ;  contains  1,432,960  acres 
of  land,  divided  into  18  towndiips,  which 
contain  3008  inhabitants.  Limeftone, 
iron  ore,  and  lead  are  found  liere.  A  fur- 
nace and  two  forges  manufaccure  ■conlid- 
erable  quantities  of  pig  and  bar  iron,  and 
hollow  ware  ;  large  works  have  alfo  been 
ertabliilied  for  manvifacLuring  of  lc\id.  A 
mineral  fpring,  6  miles  N  N  E  from  Ku  1- 
tingdon,  is  celebrated  for  relieving  the 
rheumatifoi,  and  curing  cutaneous  com- 
plaints. 

Huntingdon.,  is  the  Capital  and  a  pofl: 
town  of  the  above  county,  on  the  N  E 
lide  of  Juniatta  river,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  Standing  Stone  creek,  50  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  Juniatta,  contains  about  90 
houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  1 25 1  in- 
habitants. It  is  about  23  miles  W  S  W  of 
Lewis  Town,  and  1 84  W  N  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Huntingdonboro,  in  the  fame  county,  con- 
tains 688  inhabitants-' 

Huntingdon,  a  poff  town  on  the  N  fide 
of  Long  I.  N.  York,  at  the  head  of  a  bay 
in  Suffolk  CO.  which  fets  up  S  from  the 
found,  contains  about  70  houfes,  a  Pref- 
byterian  and  Epifcopal  church.  It  is  38 
miles  E  by  N  of  N.  York  city.  It  is  op- 
poiite  to  Norwalk  in  Connecticut,  and 
contains  3894  inhabitants. 

Huntingdon,  North  and  South,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Weftmoreland  co.  Pennfylvania, 
containing,  the  former  1484  inhabitants, 
the  latter,  2317. 

Huntingdon,  a  poft  town  In  Fairfield  co. 
Connedlicut,  feparated  from  Derby  on 
the  N  E  by  Stratford  river.  It  has  2792 
inhabitants. 

Huntington,  formerly  Nciv  Huntington,  a 
poll:  town  in  Chittenden  co.  Vermont,  on 
the  S  fide  of  Onion  river,  15  miles  S  E  of 
Burlington,  containing  405  inhabitants. 

Hunting  Toivn,  a  village,  where  is  a  pofl: 
office  on  the  W  fide  of  Chefapeak  bay  in 
Maryland,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Hunting 
Creek,  in  Calvert  co.  3  miles  N  by  \V  of 
Prince  Frederick,  and  22  E  N  E  of  Port 
Tobacco. 

Huntjhurg,  a  pofl:  town  in  Franklin  co. 
in  Vermont.  It  is  fituated  on  the  Canada 
line,  having  280  inhabitants. 

Hunti  To'vjni  is  the  Seat  of  Jufl:ice   in 


JelTerfon  county,  (Miflifippl  Territory} 
lituated  on  an  elevated  plain,  near  tha 
middle  fork  of  Cole's  creek,  about  25 
miles  N  from  the  town  of  Natchez,  on  the 
main  poit  road  to  Nallavilie  (in  Tenneliee) 
about  10  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Coles 
creek,  where  it  empties  info  the  IVIiiiifip- 
pi  river,  'i'his  town  is  Inrrounded  bv  a 
rich  fertile  country,  fettled  by  induilrioua 
and  wealtny  inhabitants.  'i'he  healthy 
lituation  of  this  place,  together  with  its 
local  advantages, render  it  equal,  if  not  fu- 
perior,  to  any  in  the  Miilifqspi  Territory. 
An  elegant  court  houfe,  gaol,  feveral  (lores 
and  dwelling  houfes  have  been  built  lieie. 

Huntfvillf,  a  poft  town  in  N.  Carolina,  10 
miles  from  Bethania,  and  16  from  Rtjckford. 

Hurley,  a  towniliip  in  Uifter  co.  N.  York, 
, containing  1159  inhabitants.  The  com- 
pacSt  part  contains  about  30  houfes,  fitu- 
ated on  Efopus  Kill,  about  5  miles  from 
the  W  bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  and  lOO 
N  of  N.  York.  The  lands  around  it  are 
low  and  fertile,  but  iufefled  with  wild 
onions. 

Huron,  one  of  the  five  principal  north- 
ern lakes.  It  lies  between  43  30,  and 
47  30  N  lat.  and  between  80  45,  and 
84  45  W  Ion.  and  is  reckoned  to  be  up- 
v»rards  of  loco  miles  in  circumference. 
The  iifli  are  of  the  fame  kind  as  in  Lake 
Superior,  and  it  communicates  with  that 
lake  through  the  ftraits  of  St.  Marie  oa 
the  N  W  with  Mitchigan  on  the  W,  and 
with  Erie  on  the  S.  It  is  of  a  triangular 
{liape,and  on  the  S  W  part  is  Saguinvm  or 
Sagana  bay,  80  miles  in  length,  and  about 
lo  or  20  in  breadth  ;  the  other  moft  re- 
markable bay  is  Thunder  Bay  ;  which  fee 
— alfo  fee  Manataulin  IJland.  and  Michilli^ 
mahktnack.  On  the  banks  of  the  lake  are 
found  amazing  quantities  of  land  cherries. 
The  land  bordering  on  the  weftern  fliore 
of  the  Jake  is  greatly  inferior  in  quality  to 
that  on  Lake  Erie.  It  is  mixed  with  land 
and  fmall  ftones,  and  is  principally  cover- 
ed with  pines,  birch,  and  fome  oaks  ; 
but  a  little  diftance  from  the  lake  the  foil 
is  very  luxuriant.  'I'wenty  years  ago, 
part  of  the  Indian  nations,  called  Chepa- 
ways  and  Ottawas,  who  inhabited  round 
Saguinum.  bay  and  on  the  banks  of  the 
lake  could  furnifh  2CO  warriors  ;  and 
thofe  of  the  latter  nation,  who  lived  on 
the  E  fide  of  lake  Michigan,  21  miles  from 
Michilhmackkinack  could  furnifli  aco 
warriors. 

Huron,  a  fmallriverof  the  N.  W.terrrto- 

ry,  which,  after  a  courfe  of  38  miles,  falU 

into  Lake  St.  Clair  from  the  N  W.     Gna- 

deahuctten 


ICU 


ILL 


^enhuetten  lies  on  this  river.  AKo  tlis 
name  of  another  fmall  ri\rer  in  the  fame 
teriitory,  which  runs  N  eaftward  iato  lake 
Erie,  40  miles  vveftward  of  CayaliOga,  and 
15  S  E  of  the  mouth  of  Sanduiky  Lake. 

Hyanls  Road.  See  Barnf.able^  in  MafTa- 
chufetts. 

Hyde,  a  maritime  county  in  Newbern 
dlftri6t,  N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  E  by  the 
-ocean,  W  by  Beaufort  co.  N  by  Tyrrel, 
and  S  by  Carteret.  It  contains  4783  in- 
habitants, of  whom  ij86  are  flaves.  At  the 
court  houfe  is  a  poll  office. 

Hycootce,  or  Hycoo,  a  fmall  river  v/hlch 
-empties  into  the  Dan,  about  4  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Staunton  river. 

HyJepark,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  coun- 
ty, in  Vermont,  containing  no  inhabit- 
ants,    it  is  %s  niiles  S  of  the  Canada  line. 


IaGO.    See  Jago,  or  Tagc 

lata,  a  bay  on  the  coafl:  of  Chifi. 

Jbherville,  a  river  or  rather  a  fort  of  nat- 
>liral  canal,  of  W.  Florida,  which,  when  the 
IVniTifippi  overflov/s,  and  is  high  enough  ] 
to  run  into  it,  (v/hich  is  generally  in  the  | 
months  of  May,  June,  and  July)  forms  ' 
a  communication  for  veffels  drawing  \ 
three  or  four  feet,  from  the  MilTifippi  to  j 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  eafiward,  through 
the  lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain. 
This  canal,  which  has  been  dignified  with 
the  name  of  river,  is  dry  ail  the  reft  of 
the  year.  Its  jundtion  with  the  MilTi- 
fippi is  at  the  town  of  Manfhack,  which 
■ftands  on  its  N  bank  at  its  mouxh,  in  lat. 
30  17.^  Itscourfe  is  E  is  or  15  miles, 
•when  it  receives  the  river  Amitf  from  the 
N,  which  is  boatable  fome  diftance  ;  its 
-courfe  is  thence  about  S  E  between  20 
and  30  miles  into  lake  Maurepas,  which 
«  connedxed  by  a  narrow  fcrait,  with  lake 
Ponchartrain,  which  extends  nearly  to  the 
Oulf  of  Mexico.  This  river  and  thefe 
lakes,  on  the  N  E,  with  the  Miflifippi  on 
the  S  W,  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  E,  form 
the  iHand  of  Orleans,  which  is  144  miles 
in  length,  from  N  W  to  S  E,  and  on  an 
average  about  12,  miles  broad. 

Icaqiie  Point,  on  the  E  end  of  theifland 
®f  St.  Domingo,  lat.  19  2. 

Ichuatoivn,  in  the  GenelTee  country,  N. 
York,  is  an  Indian  village  at  the  mouth  of 
Ichua  Creek,  a  N  E  head  water  of  Alleg- 
hany river.  It  is  60  miles  eafterly  of  Fore 
Erie,  70  E  by  S  of  La  Boeuf,  and  67  S  W 
"fcy  S  of  Hartford  on  Geneliee  river. 

Jk-j^ada  de  Barrirmn^  a  town  on  the  river 


La  Plata,  In  S.  America.  See  Bi-ems  Ayresi. 

Icy  Cape,  is  the  northwefternmoft:  head 
land  of  N.America  fituatcd  in  the  North- 
ern ocean.  Between  this  cape  and  Cape 
North,  in  Afia,  is  the  opening  into  Beh- 
ring's  Straits,  which  Lead  from  the  North- 
ern into  the  Pacific  ocean. 

Ignacio,  St.  a  town  in  the  eaftern  part  of 
Peru,  and  on  tiieN  fide  of  Amazon  river. 

Igornacbcix,  a  bay  of  Newfouudiand,  S 
of  St.  John's  Bay. 

Ileignes,  or  St.  Charle,  a  town  on  the  S 
fide  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  zoo 
fathoms  from  the  city  of  St.  Domingo.  It 
is  inhabited  by  emigrants  from  the  Canary 
Iflands,  and  has  a  few  ftrcets  which  run 
from  the  four  cardinal  points,  and  cut 
each  other  at  right  angles.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  the  moft  induilrious  people  ia 
the  Spanilh  part  of  the  iiland. 

Ilheos,  a  captainfliip  S  of  that  called 
Bay  of  All  Saints,  and  in  the  middle  divi- 
fion  of  Brazil.  Chief  town,  Paya  Ilheos, 
the  capit^.1  of  the  above  province,  (lands 
about  30  leagues  N  E  of  Porto  Seguro, 
and  as  far  S  W  of  the  Bay  of  All  Saints, ' 
It  is  watered  by  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
and  contains  about  aoo  famihes.  S  lat. 
15  40,  W  Ion.  34  28. 

Illinois,  *  a  large  navigable  river  of  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  formed  by  the  confluence 
of  the  rivers  Plein,  and  Theakiki,  in  41 
48  N  lat.  and  in  88  4^  W  Ion.  This  no- 
ble branch  of  the  Miffifippi,  after  running 
a  ferpentine  S  W  courfe,  through  an  ex- 
tenfive  country  of  rich,  fertile  land,  and 
receiving  a  valt  number  of  rivers  from  20 
to  100  yards  wide,  which  are  navigable 
for  boats  from  15  to  180  miles,  approacl«*. 
es  v,-ithin  5  miles  of  the  Milfifippi ;  from 
thence  running  eaftward  about  1%  miles, 
it  pays  its  tribute  by  a  mouth  400  yards 
wide,  in  38  40  N  lat.  and  in  92  12W 
Ion.  oppofite  the  large  cave,  176  miles 
al3ove  the  Ohio  and  18  above  the  Miflbu- 
ri.^  Ihe  lands  on  the  banks  of  the  Illi- 
nois, particularly  thofe  on  the  S  E  fide, 
are  perhaps  as  fertile  as  any  part  of  N. 
America.  They  produce  in  the  moft  lux- 
uriant plenty,  wheat,  rye,  Indian  corn, 
peas,  beans,  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  hops, 
grapes,  apples,  pears,  peaches,  dying 
roots,  medicinal  plants,  b^c.  Here  alfo 
grow  large  forcfts  of  hickory,  oak,  cedar, 
mulberry  trees,  &c.  Savannas,  or  natur- 
al meadows  are  both  numerous  and  cx- 
tenfive.       In  the  forelb  are  great  variety 

of 


'^ote.—* lUinnis  lig-iiilics  a  man  oiiuU  az'*  k 
tilt;  vigour  of  bis  years.— /;:/;i«tf^;nv, 


INA- 


fNl3 


»f  animals,  as  buffaloes,  deer,  Sac.  and  In 
the  rivers  are  plenty  of  fifli,  particularly 
cat,  carp,  and  perch,  of  an  enormous  fize. 
Such  is  the  abundance  of  wild  grapes  in 
this  country,  that  in  the  year  1769,  the 
French  planters  upon  this  river  made  a- 
bove  no  hhds.  of  ftrong  wine,  from  thefe 
grapes.  On  the  N  W  fide  of  this  river  is 
3.  coal  mine,  which  extends  for  half  a  mile 
along  the  middle  of  its  banks,  and  about 
the  fame  di fiance  below  the  coal  mine  are 
two  fait  ponds,  ico  yards  in  circumfer- 
ence, and  feveral  feet  in  depth;  The  wa- 
ter is  ftagnant  and  of  a  yellowifli  colour  ; 
but  the  French  and  natives  make  good 
fait  from  it.  The  Illinois  fiirnifhes  a  com- 
munication with  lake  Michigan,  by  Chia- 
go  river,  between  which  and  the  Illinois 
are  two  portages,  the  length  of  which  do 
not  exceed  4  miles.  [See  Chiago  river, 
Appendix.]  The  whole  length  of  the 
river  from  the  fource  of  Theakiki,  which 
is  but  a  fliort  diflance  from  the  river  St. 
Jofeph,  oppofite  to  Fort  St.  Jofeph  on  the 
north,  is  480  miles.  The  Indians  have 
ceded  to  the  United  States,  by  the  treaty 
of  Greenville,  in  1795,  a  tradl  of  land  la 
miles  fquare,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois  ;  alfo  a  tra<ft  6  miles  fquare,  at  the 
Old  Prurias  fort  and  village  near  the 
fouth  end  of  Illinois  Lake.  That  lake  is 
only  a  dilatation  of  the  river,  and  islituat- 
«d  about  240  miles  below  the  fovirce  of 
Theakiki,  and  43  belov/  the  Salt  Ponds. 
Jx.  is  20  miles  long  and  j  miles  broad  in 
the  middle. 

Illinois  Indians  inhabit  near  Kahokia  on 
the  Miflifippi.     Warriors  26a 

Imperials,  a  city  of  Chili  in  S.  Amei^ica, 
6  leagues  from  the  South  Sea,  having  the 
river  Cauten  to  the  S,  and  another  river 
to  the  W,  both  navigable.  It  is  fttuated 
on  a  rifing  fteep  neck  of  land,  hard  to  be 
afcended.  In  1600,  It  was  taken  by  the 
Indians,  after  a  year's  fiege  ;  moft  of  the 
inhabitants  having  periflied  by  famine. 
They  burnt  the  town,  and  then  laid  fiege 
to  Soforno.  In  this  war  Valdivia,  Ai-gol, 
Sandta  Cruz,  Chilla,  and  Villa  Rica  were 
taken.  After  which  they  became  fo  con- 
fident of  their  flrength,  that  they  fought 
the  Spaniards  bravely,  and  in  fome  meaf- 
ure  revenged  the  cruelties  they  had  com- 
mitted upon  their  countrymen.  The 
Spaniards  afterwards  built  a  tovm  here 
called  Conception  ;  which  fee.  S  lat.  38 
4*»  Wlon.  73  25. 

Inagua,  Great  and  Little,  tWO  fmall  ifl- 
ands  in  the  Windward  PalTage,  N  W  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  N  B  of  tke  ifl- 
mA  ©f  Cuba:, 


InaitenJue  IJlanJy  (the  Gower  Ifland  c^ 
Carteret)  fo  named  by  Surville,  lies  on  the-' 
north  lide  of  the  iflands  of  Arfacides,  a  4 
eafl:  of  Port  Prafiin. 

Incaiy  a  fouthena  branch  of  Amazoa 
river,  in  S.  America. 

Independence,  JMount,  is  fltuated  on  the 
ftrait  through  which  the  waters  of  Lake' 
George  and  Eaft  Bay  pafs  into  Lake 
Champlain,  in  the  N  W  part  of  the  town 
of  Orwell  in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  and 
oppofxte  to  Ticcnderoga. 

Indian  B ay,  licsoVi  the  Weft  fide  of  Bon- 
avifta  Bay,  in  New^foundland  bland. 

Indian  Old  Tuzt;n,  a  town  in  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  Iltuated  on  an  ifiand  in  Penob- 
fcot  river-,  juft  above  the  Great  FjJls,  and- 
about  60  below  the  Forks.  Here  are  a- 
bout  100  families,  who  are  Roman  Catho- 
licsi  the  remains  of  the  Penobfcot  trib>e, 
and  the  only  Indians  v/ho  refide  in  the- 
Diftrldl  of  Main^.  They  live  together  in 
a  regular  foclety,  and  are  increaling  in 
number;  the  Sachems  having  laid  an  in- 
juncfbion'  on  the  young  people  to  marrr 
early.  In  a  former  war,  this  tribe  had 
their  lands  taken  from  them ;  but  at  the- 
commencement  of  the  American  revolu- 
tion, the  Provincial  Congrefs  granted  them 
a  tracSt  of  land,  1 2  miles  wide,  interfedled 
in  the  middle  by  the  river.  They  have 
a  right,  in  preference  to  any  other  tribe, 
to  hunt  and  fifh  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
bay  of  Penobfcot  extends.  In  their  town 
is  a  decent  church  v.^th  a  bell  ;  and  a. 
prieft  refides  among  them  to  adminiftcr 
the  ordinances. 

Indian  Orchard,  a  tra(fb  of  land  In  North- 
ampton CO.  Peunfylvaxiia,  on  the  Dela- 
ware and  Lexawacifcln  rivers. 

Indiana.  Territory,  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  Ohio,  lately  formed  a  part  of  the  N 
W.  Territor3\  In  January  1801,  it  was 
by  ad:  of  Congrefs,  erciSled  into  a  tempo- 
rary government,  with  powers  and  privi- 
leges fimilar  to  other  Territorial  Govern- 
ments, It  lies  between  the  Great  Miami 
river  E,  and  the  MiiTnippI  W,  the  Ohio  S, 
and  the  Illinois  N.  It  is  divided  into  the 
three  following  counties,  viz. 
C\  unties.  Nj.  Jni,ts.  Chi-fToivns. 
Knox,  2317  St  "V^incennes 

R;indo]')h>  1103  KarKnfl^ias, 

St.  Clair,  1251         Kaliokia, 

Total.  4S75 

This  Territory  has  a  fine  foil,  adapted  t* 
corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  cotton,  hemp,  to- 
bacco, &c.  The  two  Weftern  counties  of 
Randolph  and  St.  Clair,  have  lately  pe- 
titioned Congrefs  to  be  annexedto  the  Up- 
per I^oui£aaa,iiitke  Territorial  Govern- 
ment, 


No.  Inhti. 
7f4- 
.     467 

715 


XNU 


11^ -D 


kient,  which  will  probably  foon  be  eflall- 
liflied  there.  On  the  NW  bank  of  the 
Ohio,  about  20  miles  fouthward  of  the 
Saiouth  of  the  Wabaili,  N  lat.  37  2^h  is  a 
remarkable  cave,  called  the  Great  Cwve, 
which  is  one  of  the  greateft  natural  curi- 
ofities  on  the  Ohio.  The  entrance  is 
ff>acious,  and  remarkably  uniform  ;  the 
dome  is  eliptical,  and  the  uniformity  con- 
tinues to  its  termination  in  the  Hill. 

EUicoit. 
Indiana^  a  territory  in  Virginia,  lvin<y 
between  Ohio  riverand  the  Laurel  Moun- 
tain, containing  about  3  4  millions  of  acres. 
It  is  nearly  of  a  triangular  form,  and  ex-  i 
tends  in  length  from  the  Pennfylvania 
line  to  the  waters  of  the  Little  Kenhaway 
It  was  granted  to  Samuel  Wharton,  Wil- 
liam Trent,  and  George  Alorgan,  Efquires, 
and  a  few  other  perlons,  in  the  year  1768, 
t>v  the  Shawanefe,  Delaware  and  Huron 
tribes  of  Indians,  as  a  compenfation  for 


lide  of  its  ihouth  the  point  EI  Palfnar,  oa 
the  S  that  of  the  Leech.  N  lat.  a?  to. 
W  Ion.  80  40.  *^  ' 

Indian  IJland,       See  Penohfcot  RUoer. 

Indians,  The  amount  of  Indian  popu- 
lation, m  America,  can  only  be  guciTed 
at.  The  new  diicovered  illands  in  the  S 
Sea,  and  part  of  the  N  W  coatt  are  prob- 
ably the  mofl  populous.  The  bell  in- 
formed have  conjeclured  the  number  of 
aboriginal  inhabitants,  or  Indians,  in 
America,  to  be  under  t  ivo  millions  and  a 
half.  Tlie  decrcafe  fince  the  difcovery 
ot  America,  has  been  amazing  ;  at  that 
period,  the  idand  of  Hifpaniola  alone 
contained  at  ieafl  a  million  of  inhabit- 
ants ;  Bartholomew  de  las  Cafas  efli mated 
the  num.ber  at  three  millions.  Millions 
were  buried  in  the  mines,  or  hunted  to 
death  by  the  Spaniards,  both  on  the 
illands  and  continent.  In  the  northern 
parts  of  America,  numbers  were  doubt- 


lolTes  to  the  amount  of  ;r85,9i6:   to  :   8  j    '^^^   deftroyed    in  forming   the   Engliili, 


currency,  wnich  thefe  people  had  fuflain- 
cd  by  the  depredations  of  the  Indians,  in 
the  year  1763.  It  is  a  valuable  travftof 
land  ;  but  the  title  of  the  proprietors, 
thoMgh  pronounced  good  by  a  Committee 
ofCongrefsin  1782,  is  at  prefent  embar- 
rafled  in  confequence  of  the  revolution. 

Indiana^  a  new  co.  in  the  weflern  parts 
ef  Pennfylvania,  which,  with  Weftmore- 
land  and  Armftrong,  conflitute  a  dif- 
triifl,  for  the  choice  of  3  P.eprefentatives. 
Indian?,  a  fmall  harbour  in  the  ifland  of 
Cape  Breton. 

Indian  River,  Diftridl  of  Maine,  a  fmall 
arm  of  the  fea,  between  Chandler's  and 
Fleafant  river. 

Indian  River,  or  Cyprefs  S^vamp,  lies 
partly  in  the  States  of  Maryland  and 
Delaware.  This  morafs  extends  6  miles 
from  E  to  W,  and  nearly  1 2  from  N  to  S, 
including  an  area  of  nearly  50,000  acres 
of  land.  The  whole  of  this  fwamp  is  a 
liigh  and  level  bafon,  very  Avct,  thouglx 
undoubtedly  the  highcfl:  land  on  that  part 
ofthecoaft.  Falfe  Cape,  at  the  mouth 
of  Indian  river,  and  the  N  E  part  of  Ce- 
dar Neck  is  in  38  35  15  N  lat.  and  11  £ 
miles  S  of  the  light  houfe  at  Cape  Henlo-. 
pen.  Cedar  Swamp  contains  a  great 
variety  of  plants,  trees,  wild  beafls,  birds, 
and  reptiles. 

Indian  River,  on  the  E  coafl  of  the  pcn- 
infida  of  E.  Florida,  rifcs  a  fliort  difhmce 
from  the  fea  coaft,  and  runs  from 
N  to  S,  forming  a  kind  of  inland  paflage 
for  many  miles  along  the  coaft.  It  is 
alio  called  Rio.  Ays,  and  h^s  on  the  N 


Dutch,  and    French   colonies  ;  !3ut  not- 
withftanding   the  ruptures  between    the 
colonifts  and  the  Indians,  very  few  com- 
paratively   periflied    by   war.      Famine, 
and  its    companion    the    peftilence,  fre- 
quently deftroy  whole  tribes.      The  dif- 
eafes  alio   introduced  by  the  Europeans, 
have  made  great  havock  ;  the   fpintuous 
liquors,  in  the  ufe  of  which  they  have 
been   initiated  by  the  whites,  pro^^e  per- 
haps mofl  of  all  repugnant  to  population. 
They  wafle  as  the  Europeans  advance  ; 
they  moulder  away,  and  difappcar.     The 
mofl:  numerous  tribes  are   at  the  greateft 
diftance   from     the     fettiements  ""of  the 
whites,  and  it  is    very    certain  that  in 
proportion  to  their  diftance  they  are  un- 
acquainted with  the  ufe  of  fire  arms.  All 
the  nations  N  of  lake  Superior,  and  thofc 
beyond  tlie  MilFillppi,  ufe  only  bows  and 
arrows,  fo  that  when  their  fcattered  fitu- 
ation  is  confidercd,  the  various    cuftoms 
and  iuperftitions   which  it  would  be  nec- 
effary  to  reconcile,  in  order  to  produce 
unity  of  acflion,  and  what  a  fmall  propor- 
tion of  them  have  the  apparatus,  or  un- 
dcrftand  the  ufe  of  mufquctry,  or  pofTefs 
rcfourccs    to    enable   them  to   carry   on 
lafting  hoftilities  againft  the  power  of  the 
United   States,  it   muft  be  obvious   that 
even  partial  defeats  of  the  fsderal  troops 
will   haften   thtir   ruin,   notwithftanding 
the  wonderful  dexterity   and  intrepidity 
which  they  have  exhibited  in  feveral  ac- 
tions with  the  regular  troops  in  late  wars. 
But  this  neither  is    nor  ought  to  be   the 
wiili  Qf  the  iMhabitauts  of  the  United 

States  ■; 


INB 


IND 


5860 

17,280 

4I3I 

13.423 

575 

2290 

aSoo 

8550 

150 

490 

States;  they  ought  to  teach  them  the 
bleffings  of  peace,  and  curb  the  exorbi- 
tant luft  of  farther  extent  of  territory.  A 
lift  of  Indian  tribes,  in  Imlay's  Hiftory  of 
Kentucky,  makes  the  aggregate  number 
lefs  than  60,000  who  inhabit  the  country 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  both  fides 
of  the  MIHifippi,  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, and  as  far  weft  as  the  country  has 
been  generally  explored,  that  is,  to  the 
head  water  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  from 
thence  a  good  way  up  the  Miflburi,  and 
between  that  river  and  Santa  Fe.  To 
give  any  account  of  the  nations  farther 
fouth,  far  lefs  in  S.  America,  would  be  a 
taflc  beyond  all  bounds  ;  the  chief  of 
thefe  are  noticed  under  their  refpeiftive 
names.  The  population  of  the  Indian 
nations  in  the  fouthera  parts  of  the  U- 
nited  States,  fomewhat  different  from 
Imlay,  is,  according  to  Mr.  Purcell,  who 
relided  among  them  in  1780,  as  follows  : 
Mufcogees,  common-        Gm  men.     Total. 

ly  called  Creeks, 
Cha<5taws, 
Chickafaws, 
Cherokees, 
Catabaws, 

13,516  42,033 
The  above  red  nations  have  increaled  in 
a  fmall  degree  fince  the  general  peace  ef- 
tabliflaed  among  them  in  1777.  The 
whites  incorporated  among  them  are  few 
in  number,  and  lead  a  vagabond  life,  go- 
ing from  tribe  to  tribe  as  their  refllefs 
difpolition  leads  them.  The  increafe  of 
population  is  conliderably  checked  by 
the  quantities  of  adulterated  and  poifon- 
ous  Ipirituous  liquors,  and  the  venereal 
dil^emper  introduced  among  them  by  the 
whites.  In  the  northern  diftricft  of  N. 
America,  Mr.  Hutchius,in  I778,el1:imates 
the  Indians,  N  of  the  Ohio,  and  E  of  the 
Miflifippi,  at  13,800,  and  thofe  weft- 
ward  of  Lake  Spperior  and  the  MifBflppi, 
at  io,ooo.  He  particularly  enumerates 
the  tribes,  the  number  in  each,  their 
dwelling  and  their  hunting  grounds. 
Major  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  put  an  end 
to  the  deftruflive  war  with  the  Indians 
by  a  treaty  of  peace  and  friendlhip  con- 
cluded at  Greenville,  Auguft  3,  179.5, 
which  was  ratified  by  the  Prefident  of 
the  United  States,  December  25i,  1795. 
The  Indian  tribes  iigned  the  treaty  in 
the  following  order  :  IVytnJots,  Dtla- 
"zvares,  Shaiuanoes^  OitatVii'fi  Chlpaivas,  Oita- 
nvciy  Paijzvjiames  of  thoviver  of  St.  Jofeph, 
Fataioatamet  of  Hufon,  Mi^mies,  MfumU 
Vol,  I.  ff 


and  Eil  Rher,  Eel  River  tribe,  Mtamlsi 
Klckapoos  and  Kajkajkias^  Delaivares  of  Saa- 
dufky,  and  fome  of  the  Six  Nations  living 
at  Sandulky.  Thefe  Indiana  ceded  to 
the  United  States  various  tradts  of  land 
from  ato  I  z  miles  fquare, near  the  different 
ports  in  the  N  W  rerritory.  The  Unit- 
ed States  delivered  to  the  Indian  tribes 
above  named  in  goods  to  the  value  of 
20,000  dollars  ;  and  agreed  to  deliver  ia 
goods  to  the  value  of  9500  dollars  annu- 
ally, for  ever.  The  portion  which  each 
tribe  is  to  receive  will  be  feen  in  the  ac- 
count of  the  particular  nation  or  trib?. 
Little  is  yet  known  of  the  Indians  in  the 
interior  parts  of  N.  America.  In  1792, 
Mr.  Stewart,  faid  to  be  in  the  emplgy  of 
the  Britifli  court,  returned  from  four 
years  travels  through  the  hitherto  unex- 
plored regions  to  the  weftward.  Taking 
his  courfe  weft  fouthwefterly  from  the 
pofts  on  the  lakes,  he  penetrated  to  the 
head  of  the  Miffouri,  and  from  thence 
due  W,  to  within  jco  miles  of  the  fliores 
of  the  Pacific  ocean.  He  joined  the  in- 
terior Indians  in  fevcral  battles  againfl 
the  fkore  Indians,  all  which  coming  fliort 
of  his  obje<5l:,  the  procuring  a  peace,  fo 
that  he  might  explore  the  continent  from 
featofea;  after  fome  ftay,  he  returned 
nearly  by  the  lame  route  he  had  purfu'- 
ed  in  going  out.  Beyond  the  Miflburi, 
Mr.  Stewart  met  with  many  powerful 
nations,  in  general  hofpitable  and  courte- 
ous. The  Indian  nations  he  vifited  weft- 
ward,  appeared  to  be  a  poliflaed  and  civ- 
ilized people,  having  towns  regularly 
built,  and  being  in  a  ftate  of  focietynot 
far  removed  from  that  of  the  Europeans, 
and  only  wanting  the  ufe  of  iron  and 
ftcel  to  be  perfe^Slly  lb.  They  are  al» 
ways  clad  in  fkins,  cut  in  an  elegant  man- 
ner, and  in  many  refpetfls  preferable  to 
the  garments  in  ufe  among  the  whites. 
Adjacent  to  thefe  nations  is  a  vaft  ridge 
of  mountains,  which  may  be  called  thq, 
Alleghany  of  the  weftern  parts  of  Amer- 
ica, and  ferves  as  a  barrier  againft  the 
too  frequent  incurlions  of  the  coaft  In- 
dians, who  entertain  a  mortal  antipachy 
to  the  nations  and  tribes  inhabiting  the 
country  eaftward  of  the  mountains.  Since 
Mr,  Stewart,  Alexander  Mackenzie  has 
explored  the  country  from  the  Lakes  to 
the  Pacific  ocean.  See  N.  America,  N.  IV. 
Coaji,  and    M^Kenzie^s    river. 

Indian  To-wn^  in  Maryland,  a  village  or 
Indian  Creek,  on  the  S  E  bank  of  Chop- 
tank  river,  Doicheftcr  co.  3  miles  S  W  of 
Nsw  Mafket, 

•indm 


ING 


IPS 


TnJ'tan  Toivn,  a  fmall  town  of  N.  Garo- 
Hna,5a  miles  from  Edenton. 

Iniies.      See  IV4  Indies. 
Ingles  F^rry,  Montgomery  co.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  poftoxHce,  315  miles  ffom  Wafli- 
ington 

Indtiflrvi-ia.  fownfhip  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  June,  1805,  having 
Farmiugton  W,  and  Starkes  E,  ZS  niiles 
N  W  of  A.iguaa. 

Inarahnm,  Port,  on  the  wefVcrn  fide  of 
Waihington  liTand,  on  the  N  W  coaO;  of 
N.  AmerjcA,  is  divided  into  two  parts  by- 
Young  Frederick's  Illand.  It  Is  a  fine 
harbour  for  wintering  in,  l-veing  near  the 
fea,  and  having  deep  water.  N  lat.  ^2) 
37,  W  Ion.  I.:? 3 '18. 

Ingraha^n  IJles,  in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean,  lie 
N  N  Wof  the  Marquefas  IHands,  from  2,5 
to  50  leagues  diftant,  and  are  7  in  num'ier, 
\\7..  Odhoona,  or  WaQiington  ;   Wooapoo,  or 
Adams  ;  Lincoln  ;  Nooheevay  or  Federal  ; 
^Tatooetee.,  or  Franklin  ;  Hancock,and  Knox. 
The  names  in  Italic  are  thofe  by  which 
they  are  known  to  the  natives.     The  oth- 
ers were  given  them  by   Captain  Jofeph 
Ingraham,of  Bofton  in  MxfiacliufettSjCom^ 
mander  of  the  brigantine  Hope  of  Bofton, 
who  difcovered  them  on  the  19th  of  April, 
1 791,  a  day  remarkable  in  the  annals  of 
America,  the  revolutionary   war  having 
commenced  on  that  day  in  1775,  and  the 
Urfl:  difcoveries  made  under  the  (lag  of  the 
United  States  marked  its  i6th  anniverfary. 
Thefe  iflands,  lying  between  8  3  and  9  -^4 
S  lat.  and  between  140  19  and  141  18  W 
Ion.  from  Greenwich,  are  moilly  inhabit- 
ed, and  appear  to  •  be  generally  variegat- 
ed with  hills  and  valleys,  abounding  with 
timber,  and  very  pleafant.       Nooheeva.  or 
Federal  ifland,  is  reprefented  by  the  na- 
tives to  be  the  largefl,  mod  populous  and 
prodvuftive   of   the  whole ;  which,  they 
fay,  are   10  in  number.       The  people  re- 
femble  thofe  of  the  Marquefas  I  (lands  ;  as 
do  their  canoes,  which  are  carved  at  each 
end.     Cotton  of  a  fuperlor  quality  grows 
here.       Tiie  natives  were  friendly.       Be- 
fore   Ingrahani's    dlfcovery   was  known, 
Captain  Joliah  Ro])erts,   of  Bollon,  failed 
in  the  iliip  JeiTerfon  for  the   N  W  Coaft, 
andlikewife  difcovered  thefe  iflands.    He 
gave  them  di^erent  names  ;  but  to  avoid 
confufion,  the  reader  is  referred  to  each 
ifiand  under  the  Indian  name  when  it  is 
known.     As  thefe  i Hands,  lie  in  that  part 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  through  which  vef- 
fels  from  Europe  or  Avn»rica,  l>ound  to 
the  N  W  Coafl,  muft- p:\f5,  and  are  not  far 
out  of  their  uiual  track;  tiiey  may  be  vlf- 


Ited  for  refrelKtnent  in  cafe  of  need.    5e^ 

Noohce-vay  and  Marquefas  IJlundsy  8<C. 

Inlrcbla  River,  Or  Caguela,  the  name  of 
Orinoco  river,  at  its  fource  in  the  moun- 
tains, weftward,  between  New  Granada 
and  Peru,  not  far  from  the  S.  Sea. 

Inna  Cl  itn,  one  of  the  fpacious  plains 
upon  the  N  fide  of  Quito,  in  Peru. 

Infcua  River,  is  laid  down  in  fome  maps 
as  the  N  V/  and  main  branch  of  St.  Croix 
river,  an  eaftern  water  of  the  Mifliuppij 
riling  in  lat.  48  N; 

Invernefi,  Nf-iv,  a  town  on  the  river  A- 
latamaha,  in  Gsorgia,  built  by  a  company 
of  emigrants  from  the  Highlands  of  Scot- 
land, 130  of  whom  were  brought  over  by 
Gen.  Oglethorpe  in  1734.  It  is  about  ao 
miles  from  Fredcrica;  Theie  feltlers  pre- 
fented  a  mofi:  pathetic  and  prophetic  re- 
monfiirance  to  Gen.  Oglethorpe  in  Janua- 
ry, 1728,  againftthe  inirodu6lion  of  flave* 
into  the  colony. 

loiva,  a  river  of  Louffiana,, which  runt 
S  E  into  the  Miffifippi,  in  N  lat.  41  5,  61 
miles  above  the  lo-iva  Rdfiids,  where  ont ■ 
the  E  fide  of  the  river  is  the  Loiver  loiva 
Town,  which  20  years  ago  could  furnilh 
500  warriors.  The  Upper loiua  Toivni^zhont 
15  miles  belovvthe  m_outh  of  the  river,  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  Mlflifippi,  and  could 
formerly  furniili  400  warriors.  See  Riviere 
du  Mains. 

Ipfwich,  the  Agar.vain  of  the  Indians,  is  a- 
port  town  and  port  of  entry  on  both  fides  - 
(^  Ipfwich  R.  in  Effex  co.  MafTachufettSy 
12  miles  S  of  Newburyport,  10  N  E  of 
Beverly,  30  N  E  by  N  of  Bollon,  and 
about  a  mile  from  the  fea.  The  townllilp  - 
of  Ipfwich  is  divided  into  4  pariflies,  and 
contains  601  houfes,  and  3305  inhabitants. 
There  is  an  excellent  ftDne  bridge  acrofs 
Ipfwich  R.  compofed  of  two  arches,  with 
one  folid  pier  in  the  bed  of  the  river,  which 
conne.'ts  the  two  parts  of  the  town,  ex- 
ecuted under  the  diredlionof  the  late  Hon. 
Judge  Choatc.  This  was  heretofore  a 
place  of  much  more  confideration  than 
at  prefent.  Its  decline  is  attributed  to 
a  barred  harbour  and  fhoals  in  the  river. 
Its  iirttural  lltuatlon  is  pleafant,  and  on 
all  accounts  excellently  well  calculated  to 
be  a  large  manufadluring  town.  I'he  fu- 
preme  judldial  court,  the  courts  of  com- 
mon pleas  and  felfions  are  held  here  once 
a  year,  on  the  lil:  Tuefday  of  April;  and 
from  Its  Central  fituation,  it  appears  to  be 
,  tiie  mod  coTi.'onient  place  for  all  the 
j  courts  and  pubiic  otlices  of  the  county. 
The  inhabitants  are  chie^y  farmers,  ex- 
I  cept  tliofe  in  the   conapail  part  of  the 

towjxil\ip» 


1K6 


ISA 


'tswn/T-.ip.  A  few  velTels  are  employedin 
the  filliery,  and  a  few  trade  to  the  W. 
Indies.  Silk  and  thread  lace,  of  an  elegant 
texture,  are  nianufa(5lurcd  here  by  wo- 
men and  children,  ialaige  quantiti<;s,  and 
fold  for  ufe  and  exportation  in  Bofton, 
and  other  mercantile  towns.  In  1790,  no 
lefs  than  41,979  yards  were  made  here, 
and  the  manufadlure  is  rather  increafmg. 
Ipfwiclji  townfnip  was  iucoiporated  in 
1634,  and  is  378  miles  NE  of  Philadel- 
phia.     JSJ  iat.  42  43,  W  Ion.  7050. 

Ipfiv'ub^  Neiv^  a  townlliip  in  Hilifbo- 
rough  CO.  Hampfliire,  containing  1266 
inhabitants,  iituatcd  on  the  weft  fiuc  of 
Souhegan  river,  and  fcparated  from 
Whacohook  Mountain  by  the  N  line  of 
Maflnchufetts  ;  56  miles  N  W  of  Bofton, 
and  about  77  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1763,  and  has  in  it  a 
flourilbing  academy. 

J/jfivlch  River,  rifes  from  fcveral  f  prings 
in  a  meadow  in  the  Weft  part  of  Wil- 
mington, palling  through  Reading,  Mid- 
dleton,  and  Topsfield,  it  enters  the  ocean 
in  Ipfvvicii.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
mouth  to  this  town,  where  there  are  falls 
on  which  are  erecflcd  a  number  of  miils  ; 
juft  below  which,  the  poft  road  crofics 
the  river.  It  is  in  general  a  Huggilli 
ftrcam,  affording  but  a  few  mil!  feats. 

Irajlurg,  a  townfliip  in  Orleans  co. 
Vermont,  on  Black  river,  17  miles  N  of 
Kazcn  Block  houfe,  and  12  S  of  the  Can- 
ada line.     It  has  15  inhabitants. 

Ireucll  County,  in  SaliftDury  diftricV,  N. 
Carolina,  is  furroundcd  by  Surry,  Row- 
an, and  Burke.  The  climate  is  agreea- 
ble and  healthy  ;  the  lands  beautifully 
variegated  with  hills,  and  the  foil  rich. 
It  contains  8761  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1^81  are  (laves.  At  Iredell  court  houfe  is 
a  poft  office.  It  is  25  miles  from  Salifou- 
ry,  and  25  from  Charlotte  court  houfe. 

Ireland,  Neiv,  a  long  narrow  ifiand  in 
the  Pacific  ocean,  N  of  New  Britain,  ex- 
tending from  the  N  W  to  the  S  E  about 
270  miles,  and  in  general  very  narrow  ; 
between  3  and  5  S  lat.  and  146  30,  and 
151  E  Ion.  from  Paris.  The  inhabitants 
are  negroes.  The  ifiand  is  covered  with 
wood,  and  abounds  with  pigeons, parrots, 
and  other  birds.  Weft  and  N  W  of  New 
Ireland,  lie  Sandwich,  Portland,  New 
Hanover,  and  Admiralty  Ulands,  difcov- 
ered  and  named  by  Captain  Carteret,  in 
1767.  The  tracks  of  Le  Maire  and 
Schouten  in  1616,  of  Roggewin  in  1722; 
»ndofBouganvilleini768,pafsthcfeinand/. 

Irois^  I'ointQ  de^  or  Jrijh  Faint j  a  village 


on  the  Wend  of  the  ifland  of  St.Domingo. 

Iron  Bdt.ks,  a    tradl  of  land    on   the  E  . 
fide  of  the  Miffilippi,   below  the   mouth 
of  the  Ohio. 

Iron  Crjlle,  one  of  the  forts  of  Porto 
BcUo,  in  S.  America,  v.bich  admiral  Vcr^ 
non  took  and  dtftroyed  in  1739. 

Iroudtquut,  called  m  lom;e  maps  Ge Run' 
degut,?L  gulf  or  bay  <5n  the  ti  fide  of  the. 
1-ake  Oataiio,  4  milts  E  of  W"alkei's  at 
the  mouth  of   Geneffee  river. 

Iron  Mountains,  Greet,  in  TencfTcc,  ex- 
tends from  the  river  Tcneffte  to  that  of 
French  Broad  Irom  S  W  to  N  E  farther 
to  the  N  E,  the  range  has  the  name  of 
Bald  Mountain,  and  beyond  the  Kola- 
chucky,  that  of  Iron  Mountains.  Tiie 
Iroa  Mountains,  leems  to  be  the  name 
generally  applied  to  the  Whole  range. 
It  eonftitutes  the  boundary  between  Ten- 
effee,  and  N.  Carolina,  and  extends  from 
near  the  lead  mines,  on  the  Kanhaway, 
through  the  Cherokee  country,  to  the  S 
of  Chota,  and  terminates  neartheff-urccs 
of  the  Mobile.  TI  he  caverns  and  caf- 
cades  in  theiemounta!n.sare  innumerable. 

Iroquois,  Pcliti  cux,on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
U., Canada,  6  or  7  miles  above  the  rapid 
plat  in  the  townfiiip  of  Matilda. 

Iroquois,      See  Si>:  Natio7:s. 

Iroquois  River.      Sec  Sorrel, 

Ir-vin  Ri-ver,  is  a  weftern  head  water  of 
tlie  Ntus,  in  N.  Caiolina. 

lyojin,  a  townlliip  in  Venango  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  'iiijy  inhabitant;. 

Ifubel,  St.  one  of  "the  iilands  of  Solo- 
inon,  200  miles  in  circumference  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  7  30  S  lat.  about  i6o 
leagues  W  of -Tinia,  difcovered  by  Mea- 
dana,  1567,  whofe  inhabitants  arc  canni- 
bals, and  worfliip  ferpents,  toads,  and 
otlier  animals.  Their  complexion  ig 
bronze,  their  hair  woolly,  and  tlicy  wear 
no  covering  but  round  the  waift.  'Ihe 
people  are  divided  into  tribfs,  and  are 
coiiftantly  at  war  with  each  other.  Bat$ 
were  ften  here,  which  from  one  extiem- 
ity  of  their  wings  to  the  other,  meafurtd 
3  feet.  Dampier,  who  has  the  reputation 
of  txacSlnefs,  fays  that  he  law,  in  the 
fmall  illand  of  Sabuda,  on  the  Wcoaft  of 
Papua,  bats  as  large  as  young  rabbits, 
having  wings  4  feet  in  extent  from  one 
tip  to  the  other. 

Ifabella  Ri-ver.      See  Oznma. 

IJabella  Point,  lies  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
illaud  of  St.  Domitigo,  and  forms  the  N  K 
(idc  of  the  bay  of  its  n;!me.  N  lat.  19 
59  10.  This  is  the  port  where  Colum- 
bus formed  the  firft  Spanifa   iettUment 

oa 


16L 


JA  C 


on  the  ifiand,  and  named  both  it  and  the 
point  after  his  patronefs  Queen  Ifabclla. 
He  entered  it  in  the  night,  driven  by  a 
tempeft.  It  is  overlooked  by  a  very  high 
mountain  flat  at  the  top,  and  furround- 
ed  with  rocks,  but  is  a  little  expofed  to 
the  N  W  wind.  The  river  Ifabella  which 
falls  into  it,  is  confiderable.  There  are 
14  fathoms  of  water  to  anchor  in.  The 
fettlement  was  begun  in  1493,  was  given 
up  in  1496,  when  its  inhabitants  were 
carried  to  the  city  of  St.Domingo,  which 
originally  was  called  New  Ifabella.  The 
bay  is  laid  to  have  good  anchorage  for 
fliips  of  war.  It  is  about  29  leagues  Eaft 
by  North  of  Cape  Fran9ois;  meafuring  in 
a  ftraight  line. 

Jfi.a^  or  rather  Ica^  v.'ith  Pifco  and  Naf- 
ca,  three  towns  from  which  a  jurifdic- 
tion  of  Lima  in  Peru,  S.  America,  has  its 
name.  Great  quantities  of  wine  are 
made  here  and  exported  to  Calao.  It  al- 
io produces  excellent  olives,  either  for 
eating  or  for  oil.  The  tields  which  are 
■watered  by  trenches,  yield  an  uncommon 
plenty  of  wheat,  maize,  and  fruits.  This 
jurifdi(n;ion  is  remarkable  for  fpacious 
woods  of  carob  trees,  with  the  fruit  of 
which  the  inhabitants  feed  numbers  of 
?.f]es,  for  the  ufes  of  agriculture,  to  this 
and  the  neighbouring  jurifdi(5lions.  The 
Indians  who  live  near  the  fea  apply  them- 
fclvcs  to  fifliing,  and  after  falting'the  fifli 
carry  them  to  a  good  market  in  the  towns 
among  the  mountains. 

Jftond Lake,\n  N.  America,  \V  of  Hnd- 
fon's  Bay  in  lat.  60  45  N,  Ion.  102  25  W. 
It  is  ri^$  miles  wide,  its  length  is  much 
greater.  It  is  full  of  iHands  and  well 
llored  with  lifli.  Jleanic. 

Ifiands,    Bay    of,    OH    the  fouth  COaft  of 

JNova  Scotia. 

Ife  Nt'cLar,  in  the  W.Pacific  ocean  on- 
ly 300  toifes  long,  without  tree  or  flirub. 
It  is  acceflible  only  at  the  S  E  point, 
Tvhere  a  ridge  of  rocks  projec^is  two  ca- 
ble lengths  into  the  fea.  Lat.  23  34  N, 
Ion.  166  52  W. 

IJle  of  Wight,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on 
the  S  fide  of  James's  river,  W  of  Norfolk 
county,  being  about  ao  miles  long  and 
15  broad,  and  contains  5313  free  inhab- 
itantri,  and  4029  (laves.  A  mincfal  fpring 
has  been  difcovtred  near  the  head  of  the 
W  branch  of  Nanfemond  river,  about  10 
jniles  from  Smitlsfield,  and  12  from  Suf- 
folk. It  is  much  reforttd  to,  and  fam.cd 
for  its  medicinal  qualities. 

Jjle  Royal,  on  the  N  W  fide  of  Lake 
Superior,  lies  withiu  the  territory  of  the 


United  States,  N  W  of  the  Ohio,  is  aboiit 
100  miles  long,  and  in  many  places  about 
40  broad.  The  natives  fuppofe  that  this 
and  the  other  iflands  in  the  lake  are  the 
refidence  of  the  Great  Spirit. 

JJlfJhorough,  a  townfliip  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  formed  by  Long  Uland,  in  the 
centre  of  Penobfcot  Bay,  15  miles  in 
length,  and  from  2  to  3  in  breadth.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1789,  contains  483 
inhabitants,  and  is  260  miles  N  E  by  N 
of  Bofton. 

JJlcs  de  Madame,  lie  at  the  S  end  of  Syd- 
ney, or  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  on  which 
they  are  dependent.  The  largeft  of  thefe, 
with  Cape  Canfo,  the  £  point  of  Nova 
Scotia,  form  the  entrance  of  the  Gut  of 
Canfo  from  the  Atlantic  ocean.  See 
Cape.  Breton. 

JJIes  of  Don  Jfph  Galvez,  a  large  cluf- 
ter  of  illands  in  the  S.  Sea.  Lat.  19  39  S, 
Ion.  179  38  E  from  Paris.  They  arc 
populous,  affording  plenty  of  potatoes,, 
cocoa,  banana  and  other  fruits. 

IJlip,  a  port  town  of  N.  York,  Suffolk 
CO.  Long  I.  E  of  Huntington,  and  con- 
tains 958  inhabitants. 

Ivrogiie  Point,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  U. 
Canada,  in  front  of  the  townfliip  of  Ed- 
wardfinirg,  lies  a  little  below  Ifledu  Fort 
Levi,  on  the  North  ll-.ore.  Smyth. 

Jivanee,z  little  town  near  St.  Jago  dc 
Cuba,  where  a  fmall  remnant  of  the  an- 
cient Indians  live,  who  have  adopted  the 
manners  and  language  of  the  Spaniards. 


J  ACKSON,  a  county  in  Georgia,  con- 
taining 7736  inhabitants,  of  whom  14CO 
are  llaves. 

Jackfonboro,  a  poft  town,  Scriven  co. 
Georgia,  67c  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Jackfon  CO  in  TenefTee,  Mero  Diftrid:. 

Jachfons  Riier,  a  head  water  of  James's 
river  in  Virginia,  rifes  in  the  Warm 
Spring  Mountains,  about  20  miles  fouth- 
wefl  of  the  Warm  Spring  Mountains,  and 
runs  fouthwefl  through  the  valley  until 
Carpenter's  creek  joins  it  from  that  quar- 
ter, when  the  river  aflumes  the  name  of 
Fluvanna,  and  flows  foutheaft.  About 
three  quarters  of  a  mile  from  its  Iburce  it 
falls  over  a  rock  2C0  feet  into  the  valley 
below.  The  fliect  of  water  is  broken  in 
its  breadth  by  the  rock  in  two  or  three 
places,  but  not  in  its  height.  Between 
the  fl-ieet  and  the  rock  at  the  bottoin  you 
may  walk  acrofs  dry.  It  is  near  half  as 
high  again  as  Niagara,  but  is  only  1 2  or 
15  feet  wide.  fackfofjh»rm<gb. 


JAG 


JAG 


yacifottjborough,  a  fmall  pcfl  town  cf  S. 
Carolina,  on  the  W  fide  of  Edifto  river, 
about  2)5  niiies  W  of  Charleftoii. 

'Jacniel^  a  jurifdiction  and  fea  port  town 
on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. This  jurifdidlion,  in  the  French 
part  of  the  iOand,  contains  3  pariflies,  is 
remarkable  for  the  goodnels  of  ^ts  foil, 
and  the  abundant  crops  cf  coffee  ;  and  is 
fufceptible  of  a  great  augmentation.  Its 
exports  from  January  1,1789  to  Dec.  31, 
of  the  fame  year,  were  27,35cib.  white  fu- 
g^^;  55>6a4lb.  brown  fugar  :  4,07a,702ib. 
of  colfee;  406,8321b.  cotrun,  and  iO;046ib. 
indigo.  The  duties  on  exportation  of  the 
above  amounted  to  15,019  dollars,  z6 
cents.  The  town  is  fituated  on  the  fouth 
fide  of  the  neck  of  the  fouth  pcniniula. 
I'he  town  is  6  leagues  weftward  of  Cayes 
de  Jacmel,  7-|  ealt  of  the  bay  and  town  of 
Baynet,  as  far  fouth  of  Leogane  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  peninfula,  13  fcuthweft: 
cf  Port  au  Prince,  and  $2)  ^^^  ^^  Cape 
Tiburon.  N  lat.  18  ai,  W  Ion.  from 
Paris  75  2. 

jacmel,  Cayes  de,  a  town  and  parifli  on 
the  eaft  fi<ie  of  the  ftream  of  its  name,  6 
leagues  eaft  of  the  above  town  of  Jacmel. 
This  pariili  is  bounded  eaft  by  the  plain 
on  the  Spanifli  part,  at  the  foot  of  the  moun- 
tains of  Bahoruco,  80  leagues  fquare,fitfor 
any  kind  of  cultivation.  On  the  neighbour- 
ing mountains  coffee  v.-ould  fucceed  well. 
"Jacob's  Creek,  an  eaftern  water  of  Youg- 
hiogany  river  in  Weflmcreland  county, 
Pennfylvania.  There  is  a  carrying  place 
6  miles  weft  to  Monongahela  river,  from 
the  Youghiogany,  oppofite  the  mouth  of 
this  creek. 

Jadagbque.  See  Chataughque. 
Jajfrey,  a  port  town  in  Chefhire  coun- 
ty, N.  Hampfliire,  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
Great  Monadnock  Mountain,  6  miles  N 
of  the  Mafl'achufetts  line,  19  E  of  Con- 
nedlicut  river,  and  about  56  W  S  W  of 
Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1773,  and  contains  1341  inhabitants. 
Here  are  found  red  and  yellow  ochre, 
allum,  vitriol,  and  black  lead  in  great 
quantities.  The  buck  bean  (m.enyanthes) 
faid  to  be  a  rare  plant  in  N.  Hampfliirc, 
and  of  fmgular  ufe  in  medicine,  is  foundat 
JafFrey,  near  the  Great  Monadnock. 

Jago,  Si.  a  river  in  the  province  of  Chi- 
ametlan,  in  New  Spain,  which  it  is  faid 
rifes  in  the  lake  Guadalajara,  and  emp- 
ties into  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  by  a 
mouth  half  a  mile  broad,  and  10  feet  deep 
at  low  water. 

y ago,  St.  a  large  river  of  S.  America, 
which  rifes  in  the  audience   of  Quito,  in 


Peru.     It  is  navigable,  waters  a  fertile 
country,  and  fails  into  the  Souili  Sea. 

y'ago,  St.  a  large  and  handfcme  town  of 
S.  America,  capital  cf  Chili,  with  a  good 
harbour,  and  a  bifl.op's  fee,  and  a  royal 
audience.     It  is  feattd  on  a  large,  beauti- 
ful plain,  abounding  in  ail  the  i.ecefiariet 
of  life,  at  the  foot  of  the  Cordillera  cie  Ics 
Andes,  on  the  river  Mapocho,  which  run* 
acrofs  it  from  E  to  W.     It  is  about  120 
miles  from  Valparaifo,  which  is  the  pert 
town  to  it.     The  ftreets  are  well  paved, 
and  the  rooft  of  them  have  a  ftream    of 
clean  water  running  through  them.     'I'he 
houfes  are  all  low,  in  general  but  one  ftory 
of  16  feet,  they   cover  a  large  extent  of 
;  ground;  in  the  centre  is  a  large  open  court, 
of  from  60  to  ICO  feet  fquare.     '1  his  court 
I  is  planted    •^^■ith  a  variety   of  flowers  and 
j  fruit  trees,  and  in  mcft  of  the  houfes  there 
iis  a  ftream  of  frefli  water  continually  ruu- 
i  ning  through  the  court,  which  fervos  at 
i  once  to  refrefh  the  flowers,  to  pleafe  the 
jeye,  and  benefit  the  health  of  the  inhab- 
itants.     1  he  infides  of  the  rooms  are  ele- 
!  gant,  the  cornilhes  are  gilded,  and  the  fur- 
1  niture  is  fuited  to  the  rich  appearance  of 
''  the  houfes.     AJmoft  ail  the  common  arti- 
cles ufed  iu  the  houfes  are  of  filver  ;  and 
it  is  not  uncommon  to  fee  gold  pitchers, 
gold  candlcfticks,&c.  They  iiave  no  chim- 
neys to  their  houfes,  the  weather  never 
being  fo  cold,  as  to  require  a  large  fire  ; 
when  it  is  cliilly  they  have  elegant  filver 
vefTels,  filled  with   coals  brought  in  and 
placed  in  different    parts   of  the    houfe. 
Though  the  houfes  are  thus  elegant,  the 
inhabitants  are  ftill  more  interefting.  Not 
a  houfe  which  vou  enter  is  without  a  gui- 
tar, and  a  numt'er  of  beautiful  females  to 
play  upon  it,  who  accompany  the  inftru- 
ment  with  their  enchanting  voices.    The 
people  vie  with  each  other  in  making  vif- 
itants    happy  ;  in    the    forepart    of  the 
day  are  ofiered  fwcetmcats  and  flowers, 
and  in  the  afternoon,  chocolate;  cordials, 
&c.     Indeed  more   pohte   and    friendly 
treatment  could  not  be  received  from  any 
people,  than  from  thefe  hofpitable  Ch:- 
lites.     A  new  mint  is  now  building,  a  ftu- 
pendousandelegant  fabric  450  feet  fquare, 
curioufly  divided, w^th  750  windows  and 
doors.     It  has  a  large  open  fquare  in  the 
centre  for  the  flower  garden,  hke   the 
dwelling  houfes,  but  of  a  height  proprtion- 
ate  to  its  bignefs  on  the  ground, with  a  gal- 
lery ail  around  it.     The  roof  is  flat,  which 
forms  a  beautiful  walk  from  which  the 
whole  city  may  be  viewed  to  great  ad- 
vantage.    IHubdell's  Journal.]     The  towft 


JAG 


JAM 


as  Fubje(!k  to  earthquakes,  and  the  Inhab- 
itants are  native  Americans  and  Spaniards. 
it  contains  40,000  inhabitants  according 
:to  Abhe  Raynal,  and  carries  on  a  confid- 
-erable  trade  with  Buenos  .Ayrcs,  by  land, 
354  leagues  diflant.  Although  above  40 
iengijcs  of  the  v/ay  are  amidft  the  fnov/s 
and  precipices  of  the  Cordlleras,  yet  it  is 
found  fafer  and  cheaper  to  fend  goods  by 
this  road  than  by  fea.  See  Ckiii.  S  iat. 
33  40,  W  Ion.  69  35. 

Jago  de  Guattmala  St.     See  Cuatttnala. 

Jogo  de  Cuba,  a'tcwii  on  the  fouthern 
Toaft  of  the  illand  of  Cuba,  with  a  good 
iiarbour,  feated  at  t'ne  bottom  of  a  bay, 
and  on  ti.e  river  of  the  fame  name,  it 
tvas  formerly  the  capital  of  the  id  and,  and 
was  built  in  15 14,  is  well  fortified,  and 
commands  the  windward  paflagc.  This 
place  has  a  declining  afpecl,  and  prefents 
only  the  ruins  of  its  former  greatnefs. 
Yet  it  has  a  noble,  fafe,  and  commodious 
port,  inferior  to  the  Havannah  only  in  its 
fituatiori.  Within  3  leagues  of  it,  at  Cov- 
ery,  is  a  rich  copper  mine.  In  the  road 
from  St.  Jago  to  St.  Salvadore  are  a  great 
quantity  of  fiintftoncs,  of  various  iizes,  lb 
round  that  they  miglit  ferve  for  cannon 
bullets.  St.  Jago  lias  a  <:achedral  v/ith 
canons  refidcntiary,  and  had  once  a  good 
trade,  but  it  is  removed  to  the  Havanneh, 
where  its  bifliop  alfo  refides.  Sir  Francis 
Drake  took  and  burnt  this  city  in  1585. 
It  is  about  1%  leagues  to  the  eaflward  of 
the  Copper  Hills,  12  or  13  W  of  Cumber- 
land harbour,  and  41  S  6  W  of  the  E  end 
of  the  iHand  of  Jamaica.  N  Iat.  ao  15,  W 
Ion.  76  40. 

Jijgo  de  Lean,  St.  a  town  of  V.enezuelj^,  a 
province  of  Terra  Firm  a,  in  S.  America, 
18  miles  from  the  feacoafl:,  and  iituated  on 
a  plain,  amongfl  high  mountains  extreme- 
ly diiTicult  of  accefs.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Englifli  in  1599  ;  but  afterwards  refiored 
to  Spain. 

yago  de  Ncxapha,  St.  a  town  of  Guaxaca, 
in  the  audience  of  Mexico,  fituated  in 
the  valley  of  Nexapha,  on  a  river  which 
falls  into  the  river  Alvarado.  It  has  a 
rich  convent  of  Dominicans. 

Jcgo  Del  Efcro,  St.  a  town  of  S.Ameri- 
ca, one  of  the  mod  confiderable  of  Tucu- 
man,  and  the  rcfidciice  of  the  inquifitor 
of  the  province,  and  is  a  bifliop's  fee.  It 
is  fituated  on  the  banks  of  the  Dolee, 
-wliich  is  here  pretty  large  and  navigable 
■for  vefTels  of  burden.  It  is  160  leagues 
E  of  Potofi.     S  Iat  24  40,  W  Ion.  64  ^c- 

7.7^0  De  Las  FaUes,  St  a  tov.-n  of  N. 
^\i»erica,  in  the  audience  of  Mfcico,  leat- 


ed  on  a  plain,  on  the  river  Panuco,  NlitL 
23,  W  Ion  71  10. 

Jagc  De  La  Vega,  or  Spainjh  Toivn,  is 
the  capital  of  the  iilaiid  of  Jamaica ;  iituat- 
ed in  Middlefex  co.  on  the  banks  of  th-e 
river  Cobre,  about  6  miles  frum  the  iea, 
and  contains  between  5  and  600  houl'es, 
and  about  5,000  inhabitants,  including 
people  of  colour.  It  is  the  r.eiidence  of  the 
governor  or  commander  in  chief,  who  i» 
accommodated  witii  a  luperb  palace. 
Here  the  legiflature  is  convened,  and  the 
court  of  chancery,  and  tlie  fupreme  court 
of  judicature  are  held.  It  was  greatly 
damaged  by  a  ftormi  in  177a.  It  lies  ia 
the  S  E  part  of  the  illand,  about  7  mile* 
N  W  of  Port  Pallage,  on  the  bay  of  Port 
Royal.     JN  Iat.  18  6,  W  ion.  7649. 

"Jago,  St,  in  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo* 
See  Vage. 

Jamaica,  a  townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  watered  by  leveral  branches  of 
Weft  river,  and  containing  ^63  inhabit- 
ants. 

Jamaica,  a  pofl  and"  chief  town  of 
Queen's  co.  N.  York,  in  the  W  part  of  L, 
j  ifiand,  and  contains,  a  Prelbyterian,  an 
'  Epiicopalian,  and  a  Dutch  church,  aa 
academy,  and  nearly  100  dwelling  houfes. 
It  is  li  miles  E  of  N.  York  city.  The 
whole  townfliip  contains  1,661  inhabit- 
ants. 

Jamaica,  an  ifiand  fituated  In  the 
Atlantic  ocean,  about  4C00  miles  S  W 
of  Great  Britain,  and  forms  one  of  the 
mofl  valuable  appendages  to  that  crown. 
It  is  30  leagues  E  of  the  idand  of  St.  Do- 
mingo ;  about  the  fame  diftance  N  of  tha 
ifiand  of  C-uba  ;  having  the  gulf  of  Hon- 
duras on  the  W,  and  Carthagena  on  the 
continent  of  S.  America  to  the  S,  diflant 
145  leagues.  The  centre  of  Jamaica 
lies  in  about  18  12  N  Iat.  and  about  76  4j? 
W  Ion.  from  London.  It  is  150  miles  im 
length,  and  on  a  medium  about  40  mile* 
in  breadth,  containing  4,080,000  acres  ; 
of  which  900,000  acres  were  planted  ia 
1675  :  and  in  November,  1789,  there 
were  no  more  than  1,907,589  acres  loca- 
ted, or  taken  up,  by  grants  from  the 
crown.  This  ifiand  is  interfedted  with  a 
ridge  of  fteep  rocks,  from  which  ifi'ue  a 
vaft  number  of  fmall  rivers  of  pure  whole- 
fome  water,  which  fall  down  in  cataracts, 
and  together  with  the  fiupendous  height 
of  the  mountains,  and  the  bright  vcidur« 
of  the  trees,  through  which  they  flow 
with  rapidity  to  the  fea  on  both  fides  of 
the  illand,  form  a  moft  delightful  land? 
^  fcape  J  but  uoijc  we  u^vigHbie  by  marine 


JAM 


^AU 


tefTeis.  ThebluemonntainPeakrifes  7431 
feet  above  the  level  of  die  fea.  {Finietto.n.) 
Black  river  is  the  deepeft,andis  navigable 
for  flat  bottomed  boats  and  canoes  30 
miles.  Sugar  is  the  greatell:  and  moil:  val-  ^ 
ttable  nrodiiiiion  of  this  idand.  Of  this 
article'  was  exported  to  Great  Britain  in 
1787,  8^4,706  cwt.  in  1 790, 1,1 85 ,519 cwt. 
It  produces  alfo  cocoa,  ginger,  pimento,  or 
as  it  is  called,  Jamaica  pepper,  and  vul- 
garly alUpice  ;  the  wild  cinnamon,  the 
machined,  whofe  fruit,  though  uncom- 
iiiouly  delightful  to  the  eye,  contains  one 
of  the  worfl:  poifons  in  nature  ;  the  cab- 
bage tree,  remarkable  for  its  height,  and 
for  thehardnefs  of  its  wood,  which,  when 
dry,  is  incorruptible,  and  hardly  yields  to 
any  kind  of  tool  ;  the  palma,  affbrdiug 
oil,  much  efleemed  by  the  negroes,  both 
as  food  and  medicine ;  the  foap  tree, 
whofe  berries  anfvver  all  the  purpofes  of 
wafliing;  the  mangrove  and  olive  bark, 
ufeful  to  tanners  ;  the  fuftic  and  red- 
wood, to  the  dyers  ;  and  lately  the  log- 
wo»d.  The  indigo  plant  was  formerly 
much  cultivated,  and  the  cotton  tree  ss 
finll  fo.  Here  they  have  maize,  or  Indian 
corn,  Guinea  corn,  peas  of  various  kinds, 
with  a  variety  of  roots.  Fruits  gi-ow  in 
great  plenty,  as  citrons,  Seville  and  China 
oranges,  cominon  and  fvveet  lemons,  limes, 
ffiaddocks,  pomegranates,  mamees,  four- 
fops,  papas,  pine  apples,  prickly  pears,  al- 
licada  pears,  melons,  guavas,  feveral  kinds 
of  berries,  and  kitchen  vegetables  in  great 
variety.  Admiral  Rodney  enriched  this 
Beautiful  ifland  with  many  of  the  rare 
producStions  of  the  Eaft,  which  fell  into 
his  hands  by  the  fortune  of  war  ;  particu- 
larly the  bread  fruit  tree,  the  true  Cey- 
ion  cinnamon  tree,  and  the  mango  tree. 
Jamaica  can  boaft  of  a  botanical  garden 
containing  the  rarefl:  collecStion  of  curious 
trees  and  plants  perhaps  in  the  world  ;  of 
which  a  catalogue  has  been  publilhed. 
The  botanical  garden  contains,  among 
other  valuable  produAions,  the  Chinefe 
ftemp,  palm,  Otaheite  plum,  tallow  tree, 
gum  arabic,  paper  mulberry,  from  which 
paper  and  cloth  are  made,  tea  plant,  and 
Chinefe  olive.  The  other  produflionr., 
both  animal  and  vegetable,  are  fuch  as 
are  common  to  the  otheriflandsin  the  Weft 
Indies  ;  but  mahogany  is  now  become 
fcarce.  In  many  parts  of  Jamaica  there  is 
a  great  appearance  of  metals  ;^and  it  is 
belie7ed  that  the  Spaniards  had  mines 
both  of  (liver  and  copper.  A  lead  mine 
was  indeed  opened  fome  years  ago,  near 
W  the  Hope  eltate,  in  St.  AedravrV  par- 


ifli ;  but  the  pofTeflbrs  find  more  proiTtiJiP 
cultivating  the  furface  of  the  earth  thaif 
digging  into  its  bowels.  Jamaica  is  di- 
vided into  3  counties,  Middlcfcxy  Surry,- 
and  Cornwall ,  fubdivided  into  20  parifli- 
es,  as  follows  .  Middlc/dx  contain*  thofe  of 
St.  Mary,  St.  Ann,  St.  John,  St.  Dorothy, 
St.  Thomas  in  the  Vale,  Clarendon,  Vere, 
St.  Catherine,  the  town  of  St.  Jago  de  la 
Vega,  the  capital,  and  1 3  villages  ;  244 
fugar  plantations,  and  43,626  negroes. 
5?. rry  contains  the  parilhcs  of  St.  Andrew,. 
St.  George,  Portland,  Port  Royal,  St.  Da-' 
vid,  St.  Thomas  in  the  Eaft,  Kingfton,  the 
towns  of  Kingfton  and  Port  Royal,  8  vil- 
lages, 159  fugar  plantations,  and  27,337 
negroes.  Cornivall  contains  the  pariilies 
ofTrelawney,  St.  James,  Hanover,  Weftr- 
moreland,  St.  Elizabeth,  the  towns  of  Sa- 
vanna la  Mar,  Montego  Bay,  and  Fal-- 
mouth,  3©9  fugar  plantations,  and  57,835 
negroes.  The  whole  20  pariflies  contaia 
18  churches  and  chapels  ;  and  each  par- 
ifh  has  a  re6f-or  and  other  church  officer*. 
Prefentations  to  livings  are  made  by  the 
commander  in  chief.  The  number  of 
white  inhabitants  in  1787,  was  30,006  ; 
freed  negroes  10,000  ;  n^aroons  1400  ; 
and  flaves  250,000  ;  in  all,  304,000.  The 
value  of  this  iiland  as  Bri^iflx  property,  i« 
eftimated  as  follows  :  250,000  negroes  at 
£$0  fterling  each,  l%  It2  millions  ;  tlie' 
landed  and  perfonal  property  and  build- 
ings to  which  they  are  appertinent,  25 
millions  more  ;  the  houfes  and  property 
in  the  towns,  and  the  veflels  employed  i» 
trade,  I  1-2  millions  ;  in  all  39  millions. 
The  exports  of  Jamaica  for  one  year, 
ending  the  5th  of  January,  1788,  amount- 
ed in  fterling  money  to  ^T  2,136,442  :  17  :  3. 
In  1787  the  exports  to  the  United  States 
amounted  to  £(>o,o<)^  :  18  fliillings,  and 
importations  from  the  United  States  to 
the  value  of  ^^90,000.  This  ifland  was 
originally  a  part  of  the  Spanifli  empire  in- 
America.  It  was  reduced  under  the  Brit- 
ifll  dominion  by  Penn  and  Venables  iia: 
1656,  and  ever  fince  has  been  fubjedl:  to 
Great  Britain.  The  government  of  it  is 
one  of  the  richeft  places  next  to  that  of 
Ireland,  in  the  difpolal  of  the  crown,  the 
ftanding  falary  being  ;^ 2500  per  annum,- 
and  the  affembly  commonly  vote  as  muck' 
more  to  the  governor*;  which,  with  other 
perquifite  ,  make  it  on  the  whole  little 
lefs  than  i  10,000  a  year.  This  fine  ifl- 
and is  fubit  51  ♦•o  earthquakes  and  hurri- 
canes, wi  ch  have  done  it  incredible 
damage,     see  IFtyl  Indui  aud  Cold  Spring. 


JAM 

yames\  Ttay,  Ties  at  the  bottom  Of  m6ft 
Ibuthcrn  part  of  Hudibn's  Bay,  with 
which  it  commuaicateg,and  divides  Njw 
Britain  from  South  Wales;  It  contains 
feveral  iflands,  among  which  are  Bear, 
Viners,  Charleton,  and  Agomifca  iflands. 
Michipicoton  river,  which  falls  into  Lake 
Superior,  has  its  fource  towards  this  b.iv, 
from  whence  there  is  fnid  to  be  bnt  a 
fbort  portage  to  Moofe  river,  which  falls 
into  James's  Bay. 

yames's  Crfpe,  ^t.  Is  the  fouthernmofl  ex- 
tremity of  Wa{hington  Ifles,  oa  the  N  W 
cOafl  of  N.  America, 

yames's  IJiand,  lies  on  the  S  fide  of 
Charlefloa  harbour,  in  S.  Carolina,  oppo- 
fite  to  Charlefton,  and  contains  about  50 
families.  It  is  feparated  from  John's  Ifl- 
and  on  the  weftward  by  Stono  river. 

yamesl  a  navigable  river  of  Virginia, 
called  anciently  Poivhatan  by  the  Indians, 
is  formed  by  the  juncSlion  of  Jackfon'a 
and  Cowpallure  rivers,  which  are  nearly 
equal.  At  the  very  place  where  it  be- 
gins to  break  through  the  Blue  ridge,  it 
receives  the  Nortli  river,  which  is  one 
third  as  large  as  the  main  ftream.  Be- 
tween the  Bhie  ridge,  and  Richmond,  it 
receives  Buffaloc  Tye  river,  Rockfifli, 
Rivannah  on  the  N,  on  the  S  Bent 
creek,  State  river  and  WillisV  It  af- 
fords harbour  for  vefTels  of  any  fize  in 
Hampton  Road, but  not  in  fafety  through 
the  whole  winter  ;  and  there  is  naviga- 
ble water  for  them  as  far  as  Mulberry 
Jfland.  A  4,0  gun  fliip  goes  to  Jamef- 
town,  and,  lightening  herfelf,  may  pafs  to 
Harrifon's  Bar,  on  which  there  is  only  15 
feet  water.  Veflels  of  250  tons  may  go 
to  Warwick;  thofe  of  125  go  to  Rock- 
cta's,  a  mile  below  Richmond,  from 
thence  is  about  7  feet  water  to  Rich- 
mond ;  and  about  the  centre  of  the  town 
4\  feet,  where  the  navigation  is  interrupt- 
ed by  falls,  which  In  a  courfe  of  6  miles, 
defcend  about  80  feet  perpendicular.  A 
canal  is  nearly  or  quite  completed  for  the 
palling  of  boats  by  thcfe  falls.  Above 
thcfe  the  river  is  navigable  for  batteaux 
and  canoes  to  within  10  miles  of  the  Blue 
ridge;  and  even  through  the  Blue  ridge  a 
ton  weight  has  been  brought ;  and  the  ex- 
penfe  would  not  be  great,  when  compar- 
ed with  its  objetSl,*  to  open  a  tolerable 
navigation  up  Jackfon's  river  and  Carpen- 
ter's Creek,  to  within  2'j  miles  of  How- 
.ard's  Creek  of  Green  Briar,  both  of  which 
Jiave  then  water  enough  to  float  vefTels 
into  the  Great  Kanhaway.  In  fome  fu- 
ture fUte  of  population,  it  is  pojQ[ible  that 


JAQ_ 

its  navigation  may  alfo  be  made  to  inter- 
lock with  that  of  the  Patowmac  ;  and 
through  that  to  communicate  by  a  fhort 
portage  with  the  Ohio. 

James  City,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  30  miles 
long  and  12  broad,  lying  between  Chick- 
ahominy  and  James's  rivers.  It  contains 
1542  free  inhabitants,  and  2318  flaves. 

JjTnvs,  a  fort  on  the  N  fide  of  LobloUo 
Bay,  in  the  ifiand  of  Antigua,  in  the  head 
of  which  is  St.  John's  harbour. 

James,  a  creek  in  Delaware,  which 
empties  into  Delaware  Bay,  ii  miles  be- 
low Hook  Ifland.  Dover,  the  feat  of  gov- 
ernment, ftands  on  this  creek,  j  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Jczmes  Dartmouth^  Fort,  a  fortrefs  at  the 
confluence  of  Broad  with  Savannah  river. 
It  was  eredted  under  the  Britifli  govern- 
ment, and  defigned  as  a  defence  of  a  com- 
mercial and  political  iutercourfe  with  the 
Indians. 

James's,  St.  a  town  of  Maryland,  fituat- 
ed  in  Kent  co.  4  miles  fouthwefterly  of 
the  town  of  Chefter. 

James,  Gosfe  Creek,  St.  a  parifli  in 
Charleflon  diftridt  S.  Carolina,  containing 
9683  inhabitants  ;  of  whom  3161  arc 
flaves. 

Jiimes  Santee,  St.  a  parlfh  in  the  above 
diflricSl,  containing  4240  inhabitants  ;  of 
whom  3843  are  (laves. 

Jamejloivn.      See  Cnionlcut. 

Jamyioivn,  a  poft  town,  and  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  Virginia,  and  county 
town  of  James  City  county.  In  1777  it 
had  but  one  family.  Tlie  church  and 
other  buildings  are  mouldering  to  ruins. 
It  is  the  oldeft  town  in  the  fettlements 
formed  by  the  Englifli  in  N.  America.  It 
is  fituated  on  a  peninfula,  on  the  N  fide 
of  James's  river,  32  miles  from  Point 
Comfort,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  in 
Chefapeak  Bay.  It  is  8  miles  S  S  W  of 
Will iamfburgh,  and  68  S  E  by  E  of  Rich- 
mond.    N  lat.  37  9. 

Jamejloivn,  in  Prince  Edward  co.  Vir- 
ginia, on  Appomatox  river,  iz  miles 
from  the  court  houfe  N  E. 

James,  Great  and  Little,  St.  two  of  the 
fmaller  Virgin  iHes,  fituated  in  the  King's 
Channel  E  of  Tortiila,  and  W  of  St. 
Thomas,  between  which  and  them,  is  St. 
James's  palfage. 

.  James's  Toivn,  in  the  ifland  of  Barba- 
does,  in  the  W  Indies,  is  fituated  in  St. 
James's  pariih,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  ifland. 

Jancira,  Rio  Je.      See  Rio  de  Janeria. 

Jaquet,  a  river  on  the  foutbcrn  fide  of 
Clialcur  Bay,  called  by  the  Indians  Boa- 

(omkick^ 


JAY 


JEP 


'  iumlieky  IS  about  3  leagues  W  of  Billl 
Down.  Here  is  a  fmall  ialmon  iilliery. 
Jaquemel.  See  "Jacmel. 
Jardinc  del  Reyiuiy  a  vafl  ciiifler  of  ifles 
and  rocks  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba.  Thefc  furnifli  immenfe  numbers 
of  large  and  fine  turtle. 

Jaxtftionly  a  rlver  in  Louiuma  which 
runs  a  S  E  courfe  and  empties  into  the 
jMiiTifippi  in  N  lat.  39  15,  about  16  miles 
S  of  the  mouth  of  Fahiani  river,  and  13 
N  of  that  of  Oahaha  river. 

Juy^  a  townfliip  in  Kennebcck  co, 
Maine,  thus  nnrntd  in  honor  of  John 
Jay,  governor  of  the  ftate  of  N.  York.  It 
lies  on  boLh  (idesof  Great  Amereflcoggen 
R.  and  includes  the  great  bend  whicli 
from  an  eafterly  and  wefterly  courfe  fud- 
dcnly  turn?  foutherly  in  this  townlLip, 
and  palTes  into  I^ivcrmore,  and  has  430 
inhabitants.  The  Indian  name  of  this 
place  was  Rochomckne. 

"j^iy^  Valley.,  a  fettlemenit  in  the  town  of 
Kattfliill,  N.  York,  fermerly  called  MiV/or 
Kill.  This  name  was  changed  in  honor 
of  governor  Jay. 

"Juyria^di  canton,  parifli  and  river  on 
tlie  S  fide  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo. 
Tiic  rivers -Nigua  and  Jayna  are  about 
4  leagues  apart ;  and  between  them  lies 
an  extcnfive  and  fertile  plain,  vv'hich  was 
originally  an  a])undant  lource  of  riches 
to  the  colonifts.  The  quantity  of  pure 
gold,  that  was  dug  from  its  cavities,  its 
fugar,  cocoa,  indigo,  and  other  planta- 
tions paid  duties  tt)  a  greater  amount 
than  thofe  now  paid  by  all  t!ie  Spanilli 
part  of  the  iiland  put  together.  It  was 
in  this  territory,  and  on  the  river  Jayna, 
that  the  famous  lump  of  gold  was  found, 
tvhich  the  Spanliu  writers  fay  Aveighed 
3600  Spanifli  dollars  ;  without  mention- 
ing man)'-  others  of  a  remarkable  fize. 
Tiie  fettlements  Gamboa,  Guayabal,Bon- 
aventura  and  Cagnabola,  which  laft  was 


formerly  called  tiie  Whale,  are 


very 


ronfiderable  :  the  whole  employment  of 
the  people  is  breeding  of  cattle,  or,  the 
walliing  of  gold  fand.  Indigo  grows  wild 
here.  The  river  Jayna  is  not  fordable  ; 
it  is  crolTtd  in  canoes  and  flcins  at  250 
fathoms  from  its  mouth;  and  the  ani- 
mals are  obliged  to  fwim  acrofs  it.  'The 
coaft  lying  between  Jayna  and  St.  Domin- 
go is  of  Kuk,  almofl:  perpendicular,  in 
general  from  6  to  rj  feet  high.  Oppo- 
lite  this  coafl;  arc  a  number  of  Ibo.ils, 
each  of  about  40  fathoms  wide.  To- 
wards the  fource  of  this  river  v/ere  the 
celebrated  gold  mines  of  St.  Chriao- 
Voi.f,  Gg 


pher'j,  near  which  Columbus  eredicd  thj* 
fort  of  that  name.  There  are  alfo  rich 
l^lver  mines  on  this  river.  The  eftablifli- 
ments  in  the  plain  of  St.  Rofe,  and  thofs 
on  the  Jayna  ought  to  be  looked  upon  as 
depending  on  the  city  of  St.  Domingo, 
f  hey  are  reckoned  to  contain  aooo  per- 
fons  ;  for  the  xt.oH  part  people  of  colour, 
free  and  flaves. 

Jc'u.i  Rabd,  ^  to'ivn  on  the  N  W  part  of 
the  N  penlnfula  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, in  1955  N  lat.  and  in  7542%'/ 
Ion.  from  Paris.  It  is  4  leagues  E  of  the 
Mole,  and  32  W  of  Cape  Francois.  Jean 
Rabel  Point  forms  tlie  anchorage  of  that 
name,  which  is  good,  fafe,  and  cafy  to 
fetch.  You  can  anchor  in  15  fathoms. 
You  may  go  farther  in  as  far  as  8  fath- 
om.s ;  but  it  is  not  fafe,  as  the  water  flioals 
fuddcnly,  and  the  ground  is  not  fo  clean 
infide.  The  DAiarcaduir:,  or  landing 
place,  is  a  very  good  one,  even  if  there 
ibould  be  a  fwell  ;  it  h  under  the  fort, 
which  is  exceedingly  well  placed,  and 
makes  it  a  very  good  retreat  from  an  en- 
emy. Tlie  grounds  hold  well, and  the  only 
winds  to  fear  are  the  N  and  N  W. 

J'jferfon,  Fort,  in  Oiiio  State,  is  lltuated 
on  a  fmall  ftream  which  falls  into  the 
Great  Miami  ;  contains  about  100  men  ; 
a  I  miles  N  of  Fort  St.  Clair.     N  lat.  4c  4. 

yfjferfon,  a  fort  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
MiiTiiippi,  in  Kentucky,  near  the  line  of 
the  State  of  TeneiTce. 

Jefferfjn,  a  port  town  of  Virginia,  on 
the  N  fide  of  Roanoke  river,  19  miles  be- 
low   the   Occoneachcy    Iflands.      N    lat. 

36  3^- 

Jeff'^rfor,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bound- 
ed N  and  W  by  Ohio  river,  S  by  Nelfon 
county,  and  S  E  and  E  by  Slielby.  It 
contains  8305  inhabitants ;  of  whom  2330 
are  fiavel.  Chief  town,  Louifville,  at  the 
Rapids  of  the  Ohio.  Drinnons  Lick,  in 
this  county,  lies  on  the  S  W  lide  of  Ken- 
tucky river,about  15  milesfromits  mouth  ; 
and  is  fcparated  from  the  famous  medic- 
inal fpring  by  a  fmall  rivulet. 

"Jejj^erjun  AcadcKiy,  is  in  Amelia  co.  Vir- 
ginia. 

Jir^lrfony  a  county  of  Georgia,  creiSlcd 
in  1796  from  the  counties  of  Burke  and 
Warren,  bordering  on  Ogechee  river,  and 
Briar  and  Big  creeks.  Courts  and  elec- 
tions are  held  at  Louifville  for  this  coun- 
ty.    It  has  JC684  inhabitants. 

jfff^-'fp'it  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampdiire,  containing  112  inhabitants. 

"Jeffurjon,  a  county  in  TenelTee,  Hamil- 
ton diftriit,  is  bounded   N  bv  Green   co, 

£  by 


JER 


JOH 


IE  by  N.  Carolina,  watered  by  the  Kol- 
fton,  French,  Broad  and  Nollachuckcy 
livers,  and  contains  with  the  county  of 
Cocke  9017  inhabitants,  of  whom  695 
are  fiaves. 

Ji^h-fon^  a  county  of  the  ft:  ite  of  Ohio, 
hounded  S  by  the  Ohio,  N  by  Lake  Erie, 
ihchidmg  the  traiH:  t-allcd  the  ConneiSbi- 
cut  reierve.  Chief  town,  Stubenville.  It 
contains  8766  inhabitants. 

"Jifffcrfon,  a  town  of  Pcnnlylvania,  9 
miles  from  Amity,  and  7  from  Scottville. 

Jeffrey's  Ledge,  2.  fand  bank,  on  the  coafl 
of  MalTachufetts,  between  Cape  Ann  and 
Cafco  Bay,  extending  from  the  N  E  to 
the  S  W;  between  4a  4O1  and  43  37  30  N 
lat.  and  between  68  5  a  30,  and  69  45  W 
Icn.^ 

Jckyl  Soh-ndy  in  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Alatamaha,  in  Georgia,  which  will  alTord 
fafe  riding  for  a  dozen  iTiips  of  40  guns. 

Jentitito-zuny  a  vilbige  where  is  a  pofl: 
ofTice,  in  Montgomery  co.  Pennfylvania, 
10  miles  N  of  Philadelphia. 

'Jctmchjhadega,  an  Indian  village  in  Penn- 
fylvania, on  the  W  bank  of  Alleghany 
river,  14  miles  S  E  from  the  outlet  of 
Chataughque  Lake. 

Jeremie,  a  jurifdiiflion,  town,   and  cape,  | 
within  the  bite  or  bay  of  Leogane,  and  \ 
on  the  fouthern  peninlula  of  the  iiland  of  | 
&t.  Domingo.     This  is  the  vv'tfternmoft  ju-  j 
rii'di(fti'on  of  the  ifiand,  contains  a  parifhes,  ! 
and  is  celebrated  for  the  excellency  of  its  , 
foil- but  particularly   for  the  culture   of 
coiTee.     Its  exports  from  Jan.  i,  1789,  to 
Dec.  31,  cf  the  fame  year  w^ere  as  follows  : 
1420  lb.  white  fugar,  247,760  lb.  brown 
lugar,  5,440,646  lb.  coffee,  54>786  lb.  cot- 
ton, 7398  lb.  indigo  ;  and  various  articles 
to  the  value  of  297  livrcs.     The  exporta- 
tion duty  on  thefe  productions  amounted 
to    13,328    doUai-s   6    cents.     The    town 
ftands  on  the  W  lideof  liiebay  and  at  the 
mouth  of  a  brook,  a   league   S    by  W   of 
Point  Jeremie,  11  due  N  r)f  Port  a  Piment 
on  the  S  iidc  of  the  pcninfula,  and  nearly 
8  leagues  E  of  Cape  Dame  Marie.     Point 
Jeremie  lies  in   N  lat.  18  42  30,  \V  Ion. 
from  Paris  76  32. 

yerc'myfqiiam,  an  ifiand  in  Lincoln' co. 
Maine,  which,  with  Folly  llland,  form  the 
mouth  of  Sheepfcoct  riverin  WilcaflcL  Bay. 

Jerkoy  a  pod  town  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  lies  S  E  of  ElTex,  and  N  E  of 
Willi Tton,  and  feparated  from  the  latter 
by  Onion  river,  and  has  728   inhabitants. 

Jerico,  a  poll  town  of  N.York,  in  Chen- 
cngo  CO,  on  the  E  branch  of  Sui'juehauna, 
and  has  939  inkubit::nts. 


Jeromy  lor  I:  St.  a  fort  on  the  S  Ilde'O* 
the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the  fea  fidt, 
and  near  the  road  from  tlie  city  of  St. 
Domingo,  and  in  the  canton  of  Jayna. 
It  is  no  more  than  a  fortified  redou!)t  n\ 
mafonry  ;  but  it  is  conftruclcd  with  art. 

"Jerfey  Field,  a  icttlement  in  Norway 
townlliip,  in  Kerkemer  co.  N.  York,  oa 
Canada  creek. 

Jerufalem,  a  poft  town  in  Ontario  co.  N. 
York.  The  compacSl  part  of  it  forms  a 
liandfome  town,  on  the  W  fide  of  Seneca 
Lake,  and  conrains  about  50  families,  the 
followers  of  Jemima  Wilkinfon.  It  has 
1 21 9  inhabitants.  It  is  30  miles  N  E  by 
N  of  Bath,  and  16  S  S  W  of  Geneva. 

yerufalc?n,  or  Funh  Toivn,  a  town  of 
Maryland,  Wafliington  co.  on  Antietam 
creek,  about  2^  miles  S  W  of  Elizabeth 
Town.  It  contains  about  50  dwellings, 
arrtl  a  German  diurch. 

yernfalem,  a  poft  town,  Southampton  co. 
Tirginia,  210  miles  from  Walhington. 

Jerufalctn,  Old.       See  Fallen  City. 

jeruyb,  a  mountain  lituated  in  the 
valley  of  Ureclio,  in  Mexico  or  New 
Spain,  is  a  great  curiolky.  Before  the 
year  1760,  there  Was  nothing  of  it  but 
a  fmall  hill,  where  there  was  a  fugar 
plantation.  But  on  the  29th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1760,  rt  burft  with  furious  fliocks, 
and  entirely  ruined  the  fugar  works 
and  the  neighbouring  village  of  Guaca- 
na ;  and  from  tiiat  time  has  continued 
to  emit  fire  and  burning  rocks,  which 
have  formed  themfclves  into  3  high 
mountains^  whofe  circumference  was 
nearly  6  miles  in  1766.  The  aflies  at 
the  eruption  were  forced  to  the  dillance 
of  150  nr^les.  In  the  city-  of  Valadolid, 
60  miles  dirta.nt,  it  rained  aflies  in  fuch 
abundance,  that  they  were  obliged  to 
fweep  the  yards  of  their  houfes  two  or 
three  times  during  the  day. 

"Jeffamhie-i  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 5438  inhabitants,  of  whom  1553 
are  fiaves.  Chief  town  Nicholafville,  nam- 
ed after  Col.  Nicholas,  an  eminent  lawyer, 
and  intelligent  ftiitefman. 

yefus,  Ijlc  dc,  a  fmall  ifiand  lying  8  de- 
grees due  N  of  the  New  llebrides  llland, 
and  1450  leagues  W  of  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
in  S  lat.  6  5c,  E  Ion.  from  Paris  165,  dif- 
covered  by  Mendana,  Jan.  loth,  1567,  in- 
habited by  a  copper  coloured  and  mulatta 
race  of  m(?n. 

yolriy  Br.youk  nf,  St.  a  little  creek  which 
furniilies  a  very  eafy  communication  from 
New  Orleans  to  W.  Florida.  It  is  naviga- 
ble for  \  ellc4s  drawing  about  4  feet  water- 

6  laDes . 


OH 


^- miles  up  from  the  lake  Ponchartrain, 
vvhene  there  is  a  landing  place,  at  which 
veflels  load  and  unload  ;  this  is  about  a 
miles  from  the  town.  The  entrance  of 
the  Bayouk  of  St.  John  is  defended  by  a 
battery  of  5  or  6  cannon.  'I'here  are  fome 
plantations  on  the  Eayouk,  and  on  the 
road  from  thence  to  New  Orleans,  which 
fee. 

'John  de  Fronilera^  St.  is  the  chief  town 
of  tile  province  of  Cuyo  in  Peru. 

John's  TJlands,  in  S.  .Carolina,  lies  S  W  of 
Charleflon  harbnur,  divided  from  James' 
I  (land  by  Stono  river,  which  forms  a  con- 
venient and  fafe  harbour. 

yohu's  IJland,  in  the  bay  of  Quinte,  TJ. 
Canada,  oppofite  the  Mohawk  fettlement 
W  of  Richmond.  StKyth. 

yobns  College,  St.  in  Maryland,  in  the 
city  of  Annapolis,  was  inftituted  in  1784, 
to  have  24  truftees,  with  power  to  keep 
up  the  fucccflion  by  fupplying  vacancies, 
and  to  receive  an  annual  income  of  ^{,'9000. 
It  has  a  permanent  fund  of  yf^  1750  a  year 
out  of  the  moneys  ariling  from  marriage, 
licenfes,  fines  and  forfeitures  on  the  Weft- 
ern  Shore.  This  college,  with  Wafliing- 
ton  college  at  Cheflertown,  conftitute  one 
jmiverfity,  named  "  The  Univerlity  of 
Maryland."  The  convocation  of  the  U- 
niverfity  of  Maryland,  who  are  to  frame 
the  laws,  preferve  uniformity  ^f  manners 
and  hterature  in  the  colleges,  confer  the 
higher  degrees,  determine  appeals,  &c. 

Johns,  St.  one  of  the  chief  towns  of 
NcAvfoundland  ifland,  fituated  on  the  E 
coaft.  N  lat.  47  3^,  W  Ion.  5a  21.  It  hes 
on  the  bay  of  tlie  fame  name.  Its  har- 
bour is  one  of  the  beft  in  the  ifiand,  and 
has  from  10  to  17  fathoms  water  up  to 
King's  wharf,  which  is  a  little  to  the  N  iV" 
of  the  Old  Fort,  at  the  bottom  of  the  town, 
and  .is  a  mile  from  tlie  mouth  of  the  har- 
bour. A  mile  further  is  the  mouth  of 
Caftor  river,  in  which  diftance  tliere  is 
from  14  to  4  fathoms  of  water.  On  the  S 
fide  of  this  river  is  King's  wharf,  an  hof- 
pital,  and  a  watering  place.  Near  tliefe 
are  the  hills  called  the  High  Lands  of  St. 
John's.     Nlat.  47  32,  W  Ion.  J2  29. 

Join's,  St.  a  bay  and.  ifland  on  the  W 
coafl  of  Newfoundland,  in  tiie  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  at  the  S  W  end  of  the  llraits  of 
BelliHe. 

Je/j;t's  Riv^r,  St.  in  E.  Florida,  rifts  in  or 
near  a  large  fv/amp  in  the  heart  of  F.  Flor- 
ida, and  purines  a  northern  courfe,  in  a 
broad  navigable  flream,  which  in  feveral 
places  fpreads  into  broad  bays  or  lakes  ; 
of -which  Lake  George  is  the  cliief.     Vef- 


fels  tliat  draw  9  or  10  feet  water,  may  nav- 
igate fafely  through  the  W  channel  int^ 
St.  John's  river  as  far  as  Lake  George, 
v.'hich  fee.  The  bar  at  the  mouth  is  lia- 
ble to  fliift.  It  is  io|  leagues  N  of  St.  Au^ 
gu  rUne. 

Johns  Rhcr,  Little  St.  in  \Y.  Florida,  falls 

into  Apalache   Bay,  about  10  miles  eaft- 

ward  of  Apalache  river.     It  is  faid  to  be 

the  cleareU  and  pureft  of  any  in  America, 

is  about  200  yards  broad,  and  about  15  or 

CO  feet  deep  at  the  town  of  Talahafcchetc. 

j  The  fwamp  called    Ouaquaphenogaw-   is 

I   faid  to  be  its  fource,  which  is   100  miles 

I   by  land  from  Talahafochtte,  and,  foliow- 

I  ing  its  windings,  from  the  fea  20C  miles. 

i  The    Indians  and  traders    fay  it    has   no 

I  branches,  or  tributaries,  which   fall  into 

;  it  ;   but    that   it   is   fed   by  great  fprings 

which  break  out  through  the  banV:s. 
[       Johns,  St.  is  the  largelt  river  in  the  Eril- 
iili   province  of  New   Brunfwick.     i'rora 
its  mouth  on  the  N  iide  of  the  bay  of  Fun- 
dy,  to  its  main  fource  is  ccrnputed  to  be 
350  miles.     The  tide  flov/s  80  or  90  miles 
up  this  river.     It   is  navigable  for   lioops 
of  50  tons  6c  miles,  and  for  boats  2co.   Us 
general   courfe   from  its  fourc^e  is  E  S  E. 
It  furniflies  the  greateft  plenty  of  falmon, 
bafs,  and  ftyrgeon  ;   and  is  the   common 
!  rout  to  Quebec.     About  a  mile  above  the 
'  city  of  St.  John's  is  the  only  entrance  into 
this   river.     It  is  about  80  or  100  yards 
wide,  and  about   400   yar<ls  in  it;ngth  ; 
called   the  falls  of  the  river.     It   being 
narrow,  and   a  xidge  of    rocks    running 
acrofs  the  bottom  of  the  channel, on  which 
are  not  ab»ove  17  feet  of  water,  it  is  not 
fufficiently  fpaciou«  todifcharge  the  freiu 
waters  of  the  river  above.     7~he  common 
tides  flowing  here  about  20  feet,  the  wa- 
ters of  the  river,  at  low  water,  are   about 
12  feet  higher  than  the  waters  of  the  fea  ; 
at  high  v/atcr,  the  waters  of  the  fea  are 
al)out  5  feet  higher  than  thofe  of  the  riv- 
er ;  fo  that  in  every  tide  there  are  2  falls, 
one  outwards  and  one  inv/ards.     The  on- 
ly time  of  pafilng  with   fafety  is  3t   tbe 
tune  when  the  waters  of  the  river  ar^  level 
vnth  the  waters  of  the  fea,  which  isfwice 
in  a  tide,   aiid  continues   not, more  than 
20  minutes  each  time.     At  other  times  it 
is  either  impalTable  or  extremely  danger- 
ous ;  refembiiug  the  palTage  of  Heii  Gate 
near  N.  York.     The  banks  of  this   river, 
enriched  by  the  annual  frellietft,  are  ex- 
cellent land.     Atiout  30    miles    from   it? 
mouth  commences  a  fine  level  coiUitry  of 
rich    intervale  and  meadow  lands,  well 
clothed  with   timber  and  wood,  fuch    as 
".  -.,  pine, 


JOH 


JCH 


pdne,  beech,   elm, 
has  many  tributa 


laple,  and  walnut. 
r  ftreams,    which 


It 
fall 


into  it  on  each  fide,  among  which  are  the 
Oromocto  riv^er,  by  which  the  Indians 
have  a  communication  vath  Paffamaquocl- 
uy  ;  the  Nailiwach  and  Madamkifwick, 
on  which  are  rich  intervales  that  produce 
'all  kinds  of  grain  in  the  liigheft  perfec- 
tion. This  noble  river,  in  its  numerous 
and  extenllvc  branches,  Vv-atcrs  and  en- 
riches a  large  traO^  of  excellent  ctuintry, 
a  great  part  of  which  is  fettled  and  under 
improven;ent.  The  up'ands,  in  general, 
are  covered  with  a  fine  growth  of  timber, 
fuch  as  pine  and  fprucc,  hemlock  and  hard 
■wood,  principally  beech,  birch,  maple, 
and  fome  afli.  The  pines  on  this  river 
are  the  iargeft  to  be  met  with  in  Britifh 
America,  and  afford  a  confiderabie  fupply 
of  mafls,  fome  from  10  to  30  inches  in  di- 
ameter, for  the  Britifh  navy. 

Johns,  Si.  one  of  the  Virgin  iflands,  \ 
about  12  leagues  E  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is 
about  5  miles  long  and  i  bro '.d  ;  and  2 
leagues  S  of  St.  Thom.as.  It  is  the  beft 
watered  of  all  the  Virgin  Ifles  ;  and  its 
harbour,  called  Crawl  Bay,  is  reckoned 
better  than  that  of  St.  Thomas,  and  pafTes 
for  the  befl  to  the  leeward  of  Antigua. 
There  is,  however,  little  good  land  in  the 
jdand,  and  its  exportation:;  are  tri/ling. 

Jobns,  Si.   an  ifland  in  the   gulf  of  St. 

Lav/rence,  near  the  northern  coafl  of  No-  | 

va  Scotia,  to  v/hlch  government  it  is  an-  \ 

nexed.     It  is  117  miles  in  length  from  N   ! 

E  to  S  W.     'Ihe  m.edium  breadth   is  20 

miles;  but   between   Richmond   Bay  on  j 

the  N,  and  HaUfax  Bay  on  the  S,  it  is  not 

above  3  m.iles  broad.     The  other  bays  on 

the  N  fide  are  London  Harbour,  Grand 

Pvaflied,  and  St   Peters  ;   thofe   on  the  8 

lide,  Egm.ont,  Halifax,  and  Hillfborough. 

On   the  E  fide.  Three    Pviver   H;;rbour, 

and  Murray  Ha: hour.     It  has  feveral  fine 

rivers,  a  ricli  foil,  and  is  pleafantly  lituat- 

ed.     Its  capital  is   Charlotte   Town,  the 

rcfidencc  of  the  lieutenant  governor,  who 

is  tlie  chief  officer  on   the  illand.     The 

number    of  inhabitants   is   about   5000. 

Upon   the  reduction   cf  Cape  Breton  in 

1 745,  the   inhabitants   quietly  fubmitted 

TO  the  Brltilli  arms.     Vv'hile   the   French 

pofiefTed  this  illand,  they  improved  it  to 

fo  much  advantage,  as  that  it  was  called 

the  granary  of  Canada,  which  it  furnilhed 

with  great  plenty  of  corn,  as  well  as  be-^f 

and  pork.     When  takeii,  it  had    10,000 

hc:ul  of  black  cattle  upon  it,  and  feveral 

of  the  farmers  I'aifcd   12,000  bufliels  of 

corn  anriually.     Its  rivers    abound  with 


,  falmon,  trout,  and  eels,  and  the  furrouiftU- 
i  ing  fea  affords  plenty  of  frurgeon,  plaice, 
I  and  moll  kinds  of  fliell  fifli."  The  ifland 
is  divided  into  3  counties,  viz.  King's, 
j  Queen's,  and  Prince's  counties  ;  which  are 
I  fubdivided  into  ix|  pariflies,  confifling  of 
I  77  townfliips,  which  in  all  make  Ij363;400 
acres,  the  contents  .of  the  iJland.  '^I'he? 
chief  towns,  befide  the  capital,are  George- 
town, Prince's  Town  ;  befide  which  are 
Hillfborough  Town,  Pownal  Town,  Ma- 
ryborough Town,  &;c.  It  lies  between 
45  46,  and  47  10  N  lat.  and  between  44 
12,  and  46  32  Wlon. 

Johns  St.  the  N  wefternmoft;  town  in 
SulTex  CO.  Delaware,  is  at  the  head  of  the 
middle  branch  of  Nanticoke  river,  about 
27  miles  N  E  of  Vienna  in  Maryland,  and 
22  S  by  W  of  Dover. 

Johns,  Si.  a  town  and  fort  in  I^.  Cana- 
da, on  the  W  bank  of  Sorel  river,  at  the 
N  end  of  lake  Cliamplain,  28  miles  fouth- 
ward  of  Montreal.  It  has  been  eftabli fil- 
ed as  the  fole  port  of  entry  and  clearance 
for  all  goods  imported  from  the  interior 
of  the  United  States  into  Canada,  by  an 
ordinance  publiflied  by  the  ex<^cutive 
council  of  L.  Canada,  the  7th  of  July, 
1 796.  It  was  taken  by  General  Montgom- 
ery in  Nov.  1775.  N  lat.  45  9,  W  Ion. 
72  18. 

Johns,  St.  a  lake  in  L.  Canada,  which 
receives  rivers  fr«m  every  diredtion,  and 
fends  its  waters  through  Saguenai  river 
into  the  St.  Lawrence, at  Tadoufac.  It  is 
about  15  miles  each  way. 

John's  Berkley,  St.  :^Y'^y\ih  of  S  Caroli- 
na, in  Charleflon  diflridl,  containing  7193 
inhabitants  ;  of  whom  6479  ^^"^  Haves. 

JoWs,  Si.  a  fmall  ifiand  in  the  W.  bi- 
diesjbclonf^ing  to  Denmark, N  of  St.  Croix, 


and  S  of  Tortohi,  to  which  laft  it  is  very 
near.  It  is  noted  only  for  its  fine  har- 
bour, which  is  faid  to  be  fufhcient  to  con- 
tain in  fafety  the  whole  Britifh  navy.  It 
has  a  number  of  fait  ponds,  which,  how- 
ever, arc  no  evidence  of  its  fertility. 

y>jhns  CJ'eion,  Si.  a  parifl)  of  S.  Caroii- 
nai^in  Charleilon  dlftri(5t,  containing  6689 
inh?'bitants;  of  whom  6031  are  flaves. 

John's,  Si.  the  capital  of  the  ifland  of 
Antigua  In  the  Yi.  Indies.  It  is  a  regu- 
larly built  town,  with  a  harbour  of  the 
fame  name,  fituated  on  the  W  fliore,  and 
on  the  N  E  fide  of  Loblollo  Bay.  The 
entrance  of  the  harbour  is  defended  by 
Fort  James.  This  town  is  the  refidencc 
of  the  governor  general  of  t!ie  leeward 
Charaibe  Iflands,  and  where  the  affeni- 
hU  is  held,  aud  the  port  v/here  the  great- 
eft 


JOH 

efl;  trade  ts  carried  on.  It  v/as  fo  flour- 
(iliing  as  to  receive  a  lofs  by  a  flarm,  to 
the  value  of  jT 400,000  fterliii^'  N  lat.  17 
4,  W  Ion.  62  4. 

"John,  St.  or  yuan  ds  Porto  R'lco^  the  cap- 
ital of  tlie  illaad  of  Porto  Rico,  in  theW. 
Indies. 

J'jhnjhiiry,  St.  a  tovvafliip  in  Caledonia 
CO.  Vermont,  bounded  S  W  by  Danviile, 
and  has  663  inhabitants. 

John/on  Forty'm  S.  Carolina,  lies  on  the 
N  E  fide  of  James's  iiland,  and  S  of  the 
city  of  Charicfton.  It  Ihnds  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  liarbonr,  and  by  which  no 
vefTc!  can  pafs  unicls  the  mafter  or  mate 
make  oath  that  no  malignant  di (temper  is 
on  board.     A  guard  is  kept  here. 

yoh-i/ion  Fcrt,  in  N.  Carolina,  ftands  on 
the  W  banlc  of  Cape  Fear  river,  oppolue 
to  the  iOand  on  the  feacoaft  whofc  fouth- 
ern  point  is  Cape  Fear. 

'Johnfonfooroiigh.,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jer- 
fey,  10  miles  from  SulTex  court  honle. 

^(yhnfons  Landing  Placs^  is  on  Oyong- 
wongyeh  Creek,  about  4  miles  eaftward 
of  Fort  Niagara. 

Jt}hnfon,-A  county  of  N.  Carolina,  New- 
hero  dirti-i6t,  bounded  S  E  by  Glafgow,  N 
by  Franklin  and  Wayne  counties,  and  S 
by  Sampfon.  It  contains  6201  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  1763  are  flaves.  It  is  30 
miles  fquare,  watered  by  the  Neufe,  I.ittle 
river  and  other  flreair.s.  The  greateft 
part  of  the  county  is  level,  and  corn  is 
the  principal  produce.  Chief  town, 
Smithfield. 

yohitjlcivn,  a  poft  Jown  and  the  capital 
©f  Montgomery  county,  N.  York,  on  the 
N  bank  of  Mohawk  river,  34  miles  W  of 
Schene'ftady.  The  com paifl  part  of  tho 
town  is  a  little  back  from  the  river,  and 
contains  about  70  houfes,  a  Prelbytcrian 
and  an  Epifcopal  church,  a  court  houfc 
and  gaol.  In  the  townflxip  are  393 z  in- 
habitants. Caghnawaga  is  a  parilli  or 
diflriciof  johnflown  xb  miles  above  Seller 
nectady  on  the  river.  Settlements  have 
been  made  here  for  about  %o  years.  Here 
Hand  the  dwelling  houle,  barn,  and  oiit- 
houfes  (ail  of  fcotic)  formerly  occupied 
by  Sir  William  Johnf'on.  This  fettlcment 
was  moftly  dcfiroyed  by  the  Britilh  in 
the  year  1780,  who  were  joined  by  a  party 
of  Indians  and  others,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Sir  John  Johnfon.  In  this  ac- 
tion it  is  ailertcd,  that  Sir  John  evinced 
a  want  of  feeling  which  would  have  dif- 
graced  a  favage.  The  people  deftroyed 
in  this  expedition  were  his  old  ncigh- 
|3olirs,  with  whom  hshad  fonnerly  lived 


J  OP 

in  the  liab'ts  of  friendfliip.  His  eftnt« 
was  among  them  ;  and  the  ii:!nibitants 
had  always  conftdtrcd  him  as  their  frieuJ, 
Thefc  unfortunate  people,  after  feciuu- 
their  houfes  and  property  conlume-d^ 
were  liunitd,  fuch  as  could  walk,  into 
cruel  captivity  5  tliofe  who  could  not,  fell 
vitElims  to  the  tomahawk  and  Icalping 
knife. 

yohnjloivny  m  ilie  townfliip  of  Edwardf- 
burgh,  U.  Canada,  is  lituated  upon  the 
river  St.  Lawrence  above  the  upptmioft 
rapids, in  aicendingto  lake  Ontario.  From 
this  town  velitis  may  be  navigated  with 
fafcty  to  Quecnflown,and  at  the  ports  of 
lake  Ontario.  The  French  had  a  gy  rrifon 
in  front  of  l\\u  town,  the  ruins  of  v/hich 
are  ft  ill  viiiole.  Smyth, 

yohpjtoiv}i^  I\fezc,  in  the  townflnp  of 
Cornwall,  U.  Canada,  is  lituated  upon 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  below  the  long 
Sault,  to  the  northward  of  Grand  lilc 
St.  Regis  ;  and  is  now  called  Cornwall. 
SMyilj. 

yohrrJJon,  a  townfliip  in  Providence  co. 
Rhode  I.  W  of  the  town  of  Providence, 
having  1364  inhabitants. 

yohvf.uny  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  co. 
Vermont,  has  135  inhabitants. 

jfp/j,  a  port  on  the  S  coad  of  Nova 
Scotia. 

y(jnus\  Sound,  the  mcft  northern  inlet 
on  the  weftcrn  coaftof  Sir  Thomas  Smith's 
Bay,  lying  near  the  arcSlic  circle,  in  lat. 
76. 

yones,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in  New- 
hern  diftricl,  bounded  N  by  Craven.  It 
contains  4S41  free  inhabitants,  and  it<)<^ 
flaves.  It  is  well  watered  by  Trent  river, 
and  its  tributary  ftreams.  Chief  town, 
Trenton. 

yontPjurovgh,  a  poft  tovv'n,  and  chief 
town  of  Wailiiington  diftrict  in  TentiTec, 
is  the  feat  of  the  diftridt  and  county- 
courts.  It  is  26  miles  from  Greenville, 
1 01  trotn  Knoxvilie,  40  from  Abingdon 
in  Virginia,  and  627  from  Philadelphia. 

yoTKJborotigh,  the  chief  and  poll  town  of 
Camden  co,  Edenton  diitriol:,  N.  Carolinn. 
It  contains  a  court  houfe  and  a  few 
dwelling  houfes. 

yojie's  Ford,  on  Brandywine  creek,  is-  5 
or  6  miles  above  Chad's  i  ord,  in  Penn- 
fylvania. 

yone's  Tfzvn,  in  Pennf/lvauia.  Sec 
W/UiafJ'Jhurg. 

yotics.  Cape.      See  LooJiCut  Cape. 

ycppa,  a  fmall  tov^n  in  Harfotd  cb. 
Maryland,  ao  miles  K  by  N  of  Baltimore, 
and  8^  S  W  of  PJ»iI&dclphia. 

ycrdcns 


J'OIS 


jtrA 


'^onions  jiJ-Jcr,  paHe.-  throiigli  Trciiioii, 
^1  the  diftricl  of  Maine,  8  miles  from 
Union  river. 

Jore,  a  -village  and  mountain  in  the 
Cherokee  country.  The  mountain  is 
faid  to  be  the  highefl  in  the  Cherokee 
country,  and  through  which  the  Teaei- 
lee  river  force*  its  waters.  7'he  Indian 
village,  called  Jore,  is  lituated  in  a  beau- 
tiful lawn,  many  thoufand  feet  higher 
than  the  adjacent  counti'y.  Here  is  a 
Jittle  grov3  of  the  Cafme  Yapon,  called 
by  the  hidians  the  beloved  tre£.  They 
are  very  careful  to  keep  this  tree  pruned 
and  cultivated,  and  drink  very  ftrong  in- 
fufioa  of  the  leaves,  buds,  and  tender 
branches  of  this  plant.  It  is  venerated  by 
the  Creeks,  and  all  the  fouthern  maritime 
nations  of  Indians. 

Jofeph,  Lake  St  in  N.  America,  lies  E 
of  Lake  Sal,  and  fends  its  waters  by  Cat 
J^ake  river  into  Cat  Lake,  and  afterwards 
forms  the  S  E  branch  of  Severn  river. 
The  lake  is  3 1;  miles  long  and  13  broad. 
•Cfuaburg  Houfe  is  on  the  N  E  part  of 
the  lake  ;  which  fee. 

jofeph.  Ilet  a  Pierre,  .1  village  on  the 
wefternmofl:  toafl  of  the  iHand  of  St.  Do- 
iningo  ;  about  3  leagues  N  W  of  the  vil- 
lage r-f  Tiburon. 

joffijbL,  St.  MH  iflaad  in  the  Straits  of 
Marie,  which  convey  the  waters  of  Supe- 
rior into  f>ake  Huron.  Here  is  a  garri- 
foa  of  Rritifn  troops.  It  is  the  mofl  well- 
crn  poll:  they  hold  in  that  country. 

yop;{)l.\\  St.  in  the  province  of  Califor- 
nia, in  Mexico.     N  lat.  23  3. 

Jof'/)//s^  Pay,  St.  on  the  coafl  of  W. 
Florida,  is  of  the  figure  of  a  horiefliOc, 
being  aoout  iz  miles  in  lengtli,  and  7 
acrofs  where  b:-o3d<ft.  7"hc  bar  is  nar- 
row, and  immediately  within  it  there  is 
from  4  to  6^  fathoms' faft  ground.  The 
befi:  place  to  anchor,  is  juft  within  the 
peninfula,  oppofue  to  ibme  ruins  that  flill 
remain  of  the  village  of  St.  Tofeph.  The 
peninfula  between  St.  Jofcph's  and  Cape 
-Blaize  is  a  narrow  flip  of  land,  in  fome 
places  not  above  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
broad.  A  very  good  eftablilliment  miglit 
be  made  here  for  a  fiflicrv,  as  the  fettlers. 
might  make  fait  on  the  fpot  to  cure  the 
.bais,  rock,  cod,  grouper,  red  mullet, 
&.C.  which  are  here  in  abundance. 

J^ifefj^  St.  a  river  which  runs  N  W  in- 
to the  S  E   pur»  of  Lake    Michigan.     It 
■fprlngs  from  a  number  of  Imall   lakes  a 
little  to  the  N  W  of  t!iC  Miami   village,  j 
-it  is  rapid  and  full  ot  fmall  ifiands.     The  j 
J^awLctratamic  ladiaas  refide  on  this  riv-  i 


er,  oppofltc  Fort  St,  Jofeph.  They  -ca* 
raife  300  warriors.  At  or  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  rivers  St.  Mary's  and  St. 
Jofepli's,  where  Fort  Wayne  now  flands, 
the  Indians  have  ceded  to  the  United 
States  a  tradi  of  6  miles  fquare. 

Jofeph,  Fort  St.  is  fituated  on  the  eafl- 
crn  fide  of  the  above  river  in  N  lat.  42  14, 
W  Ion.  06  10.  It  is  about  175  miles  S  W 
by  W  of  Detroit,  to  which  place  tlierc  is 
a  ftraight  road. 

Jofephy  St.  a  port  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Triiiidad,  near  the  coaft  of  Ter- 
ra Fipma. 

J'ifcph,  5'/.  a  fmall  town  and  port  on  the 
W  point  of  the  N  peninfula  of  the  illand 
of  Triiiidad,  in  the  W.  Indies, 

Jrjfcph,  St.  a  bay  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Trinidad,  defended  by  a  fmall 
battery.  It  has  a  few  houlcs  on  It,  and 
lies  S  E  of  Port  of  Spain,  the  capital  of 
the  iiland.  Near  it  is  a  mountain  having 
mineral  pitch. 

Juan,  St.  the  capital  of  California  in 
N.  America,  N  lat.  a6  25,  W  Ion. 
114  9. 

Juati,  Fort  St.  ftands  in  the  province  of 
New  Leon,  in  N.  America,  on  the  S  W 
fide  of  the  Rio  Bravo,  in  the  29th  degree 
of  N  latitude  and  icifl  of  \V  longitude. 

"Juan  de  la  Frontera,  St.  a  town  of  Chili 
in  S.America.  In  its  neighbourhood  are 
gold  mines.     S   lat.  53  25,  W  Ion.  68  SS- 

Juan  de  Porto  Pico.     See  Porto  Rico. 

juan  de   Ftica,  Entrance  of.      See  Fu:a. 

Juan  Fernandes,  an  iiland  in  the  South 
Pacific  ocean,  38  leagues  caftward  of  the 
iHand  of  Mafia fuero,  and  390  W  of  the 
continent.  S  lat.  "^-^f  32,  W  Ion  79  50 
from  Greenwich.  It  is  fupp<:)fed  to  have 
been  inhabited  by  a  Spaniard,  whofc 
name  it  retains  ;  although  it  was  long 
abandoned  by  him  and  his  nation  ;  but 
is  more  remarkable  for  having  been  the 
rcfidence  of  Alexander  Selkirk,  a  Scotch- 
man, whofe  life  and  adventures  furniflied 
De  Foe  with  the  ground  work  of  that 
admirable  novel  Robinfon  Crufoc.  The 
harbour  lies  in  Cumberland  Bay,  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  ifland.  Since  the  lliip  Co- 
lumbia was  there,  no  foreigners!  are  al- 
lowed to  anchor  in  the  road.  Majfa  Fue~ 
ro  JJlandWiz^  22  leagues  W  by  S  of  this 
iflaud.  Juan  Fernandes,  which  is  repre- 
fented  as  an  earthly  j)aradife,  furnilhcd 
refreiliment  to  Lord  Anfon's  fquadron 
in  his  voyage  round  the  world.  Its  great- 
efl  lengtli  is  5  leagues  ;  its  breadth  lefs 
than  two.  On  the  S  W  is  a  fmall  ide 
called  Goat  J/Iand,:iixd  a  rock  called  Man" 

Mey 


KA  A 


KA^r 


key  iury,almoft  contiguous  to  it.  On  the 
N  fide  are  three  bays  ;  but  the  middle- 
inoft  called  Cumberland  Bay,  where 
Commodore  Anion  anchored  with  his 
/liips,  is  the  be  ft.  Theic  bays,  antl  the 
■whole  coafl;  abound  with  great  variety  of 
lifli  in  abundance.  Admiral  Anfon  low- 
ed here  a  great  variety  of  vegetables,  and 
planted  plum,  apricot  and  peach  (tones, 
which  the  Spaniards  fay  are  now  thriv- 
ing trees. 

Jucatan.     See  TTucatan. 

Judith,  Point,  the  S  eafternmofl:  point 
ofRhode  Ifland  State,  fituated  on  the  fea- 
coaft  of  Wafliington  county,  in  South 
Kingilon  townfliip. 

Judofa  Bay,  in  Louifiana,  lies  in  the  N 
W  corner  of  the  gulf  of  Mexico.  A 
ch«iu  of  ifiands  fornr  a  conimunic<*tion 
between  it  S-  weftward  to  St.  Bernard's 
Bay. 

"Julian,  St.  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of 
Patagonia,  in  S.  America,  where  fliips 
bound  to  the  Pacific  ocean  ufually  touch 
for  refrefliment.  S  lat.  48  Ji,  W  lea. 
6  s  10. 

Julienne.      See  Neyhe. 

Juliet,  Mount,  in  N.  America,  b'es  on 
the  N  fide  of  Illinois  river,  oppoute  the 
place  where  that  river  is  formed  by  the 
juniflion  of  Theakiki  and  Piein  rivers. 
iThe  middle  of  Mount  Juliet  is  in  N  lat. 
42  5,Wlon.  83  44, 

Jumping  Point.      See  Na-veftnk   Harbour. 

Junius,  a  military  townlliip  in  Onon- 
daga CO.  N.  York,  at  the  N  end  of  Cayuga 
Lake. 

Junius  Creek,  a  northern  branch  of  the 
Little  Kanhaway,  which  interlocks  with 
the  wcftern  waters  of  Monongahcia 
river  ;  and  v.'hich  may  one  day  admit  a 
fliorter  paiTage  from  the  latter  into  the 
Ohio.      See  Little  Kanbaivay. 


K. 


K 


AAT's  Baan,  in  N.  York  State,  h'ee  on 
tiie  W  bank  of  Hud  Ton  river,  7  miles  S 
from  Kaats'  Kill,  and  11  N  E  by  N  from 
Efopus. 

Kauts'  Ki^,  or  C.itpll,  a  fmall  village  of 
30  or  40  houfcs  and  ftorcs,  in  Green  co. 
N.  York,  on  the  W  fide  of  Hudfou's  river, 
about  100  roods  from  its  bank ;  5  miles  S 
of  Hudfon  city,  and  1%$  N  of  N.  York. 
It  has  the  appearance  of  a  thriving  place, 
and  it  is  in  contemplation  to  eredl  build- 
ings on  amarihy  point,  on  the  margiu  of 
the  river,  for  the  advantage  of  deeper 
vater  j.  the  creek  ou  '.vhicU  the  (tores 


now  ftand  being  too  flialloW.  Thetowiti^ 
lliip  of  this  namqcoutains  2408  inhabit-** 
anis.     See  Caylill: 

Kaats'  Kill,  a  creek  on  which  flands  the 
above  town. 

Kaats"  Kill  Mountains,  in  the  vicinity  C$ 
the  above  tO\vn,  on  the  V/  bank  of  Hud- 
Ton  river,  which  make  a  majeftic  appear- 
ance. Thcl'c  are.  the  firft  part  of  the 
chain  of  mountains  called  the  Alleghany, 
or  A-ppalachian  mountains. 

Kahnoaivolohal'c,  the  principal  village  of 
the  Oneida  Indians,  in  which  is  Oneida 
Caftle,  about  iO  miles  S  of  W  from 
Whiteftown,  and  li  W  of  Paris.  Thers 
is  but  one  framed  houfe  in  this  village. 
Their  habitations  are  but  a  fmall  im- 
provement upon  the  ancient  tvigiuanis ^ 
and  are  thinly  fcattered  throughout  aa 
enclofure  of  leveral  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence ;  within  which  they  keep  their  cat- 
tle, horfes,  and  iwiue,  and  without  plant 
their  corn  and  fow  their  grain. 

Kuhokia,  a  poft  town,  and  chief  town 
in  St.  Clair  co.  Indiana  Territory,  con- 
taining yiy  inhabitants.  It  is  65  miles 
N  of  Kalkaikias,  on  the  fouthern  fide  of 
Small  river,  i  mile  from  its  mouth.  A- 
bout  the  year  1774,  this  village  contain- 
ed 50  houfes,  fome  of  them  well  built, 
and  3C0  inhabitants,  with  SO'  negrocd, 
and  large  fLocks  of  cattle,  iwine,  &c. 

Hutchins. 

Kamfchatha  ^ea,  lies  between  the  con- 
tinents of  Afia  and  America.  In  66  N 
laL  they  are  feparated  by  a  ftrait  only  18 
miles  wide.  Captain  Cook,  in  his  lafk 
voyage,  has  eitabliihed  the  certainty  of 
this  near  approximation  of  thecontiuents,. 
beyond  a  doubt ;  and  that  the  inhabit- 
ants of  each  continent  arc  fimilar,  and, 
frequently  pals  and  repafs  in  canoes  front 
one  continent  to  the  other.  From  thefe 
and  other  circumftances  it  is  rendered 
highly  probable  that  the  N  \V  part  of 
America  was  firft  peopled  from  the  N  E 
parts  of  Aha.  The  Efquimaux  Indians 
being  mauifcftly  a  fcparatc  fpecies  of 
men,  and  bearing  a  near  rcfembiauce  to 
the  northern  Europeans,  it  is  believed 
that  they  emigrated  from  the  N  W  parts 
of  Europe. 

Kunhataa,  a  large  mountainous  county 
on  the  weftcrn  line  of  Virginia,  having 
the  Ohio  river  on  the  N  W,  and  Ken- 
tucky W.  The  population  of  this  coun- 
ty is  3008  free  inhabitants,  and  231  flaves-. 
About  7  miles  from  the  moutii  of  Elk 
river  in  this  county,  is  a  burning  fpring,. 
capaciou?  eayii^h  to  hold  40  gallons.  A 
bitwminous: 


kATJ 


tCAg 


fcituniinouf.  vapour  conftautly  IfTaes  from 
k,  which  agitating  ths|ffand  arouud  it, 
gives  it  the  appearance'of  a  boiling fpring. 
Op-  prefenting  a  torch  withiti  1 8  or  20 
inches  of  the  mouth,  i:  flames  up  in  a 
column,  4  or  5  feet  la  height,  and  about 
18  mches  diameter,  and  which  fome- 
times  burns  20  minutes,  and  at  other 
times  Jias  continued  3  days.  At  the  court 
Jhoufe  is  a  poll  office,  406  miles  from 
■VVadiinglon. 

Kanhaiviiy,  Grfiif,  a  river  of  Virginia,  of 
cdnfiderable  r.ote  for  the  fertility  of  its 
lauds,  and  ftill  more  as  leading  towards 
the.  head  waters  of  James's  R.  But  it  is 
(doughtful  whether  its  great  and  nuirie- 
xous  rapids  will  admit  a  navigation,  but 
nt  an  experife  to  wliich  it  will  require  ages 
to  render  its  inhabitants  equal.  The 
jrreatobftacles  begin  at  what  are  catkdthe 
Oreat  Falls,  90  miles  above  the  mouth, 
below  which  are  ouiy  5  or  6  rapids,  and 
thefe  palfable  with  Ibme  difficulty  even 
at  low  water.  From;  the  fall?  to  the  mouth 
«>f  Green  Briar  is  100  miles  It  is  s8o' 
yards  wide  at  its  niouth.  The  head  wa- 
ters of  this  river  are  in  the  weftein  part 
cf  N  Carolina,  in  the  moft  caflerly  tldgc 
of  the  Alleghany  or  Appalachian  moun- 
tains, and  S  of  the  36th  degree  of  latitude. 
Its  head  tjranches  encircle  tljofe  of  the 
Holfbon,  from  which  they  are  fepr.ratcd 
by  the  Iron  Mountain,  through  v/hich  it 
paiTes  10  rhiles  above  the  lead  mines. 
About  60  miles  from  Little  R.  it  receives 
Green  Briar  R.  from  the  E,  which  is  the 
only  confiderable  tributary  fir  earn  in  all 
that  diflance.  About  40  miles  below  the; 
mouth  of  Green  Brir^r  R.  in  Virginia,  in 
the  Kiinhav/ay,  is  a  remarkable  cataract:. 
A  large  rock,  a  little  elevated  in  the  mid- 
dle, crofTes  the  bed  of  the  river,  over  which 
the  w^ater  Ihocts,  and  falls  about  50  feet 
perpendicularly,  except  at  one  fide  where 
the  defcent  is  more  gradual.  The  great 
Kanhaway  is  196  irules  below  Pittfiiurg, 
and  is  navigable  moft  of  the  year ;  and  a 
waggon  road  may  be  made  through  the 
mountain,  which  occafions  the  falls,  andby 
a  portage  of  a  few  miles  only,  a  communi- 
cation may  be  had  between  the  waters  of 
Great  F^anhaway  and  Ohio,  and  thofe  of 
James's  R.  in  Virginia.  Down  this  river 
great  quantities  of  goods  are  conveyed  up 
the  Kentucky  river,  others  on  h^rieback 
-<3r  in  waggons  to  the  fettled  part,  and 
fold  on  an  average,  at  100  per  cent,  ad- 
-irance.     See  Sulphur  Spring. 

Kafihutvay^  TJtt'c^  a  fm  all  navigable  river 
«i  Virginia,  which  is  150  yards  wide  at 


its  niouth,  and  Is  navigable  10  miles  only. 
Perhaps  its  northerly  branch,  called  Juni- 
us Creek,  which  interlocks  with  the  weft- 
em  waters  of  Monongahela,  may  one 
day  admit  a  fliorter  paffage  from  the  lat- 
ter into  the  Ohio. 

Kio,  one  of  the  Friendly  Ifiands,  having 
a  conical,  lofty  elevation.'  It  is  lefs  than 
2  miles  in  diameter. 

Kc'ppas^  a  trii>e  of  Illinois  Indians,  in 
Louifiana  :  they  lie  a  httie  above  the 
Sothouis.  This  nation  was  formerly 
very  numerous  before  the  difcovery  of 
the  Mlfliiippi.  The  country  they  in- 
habit has  good  pafi'urage. 

Kappas  Old  Fort,  in  Louiliana,  (lands  on 
th^  Miffifippi,  at  the  niouth  of  the  river 
St.  Francis.  It  was  built  by  the  French 
principally  for  a  magazine  of  rtores  and 
provifions,  during  the  wars  with  the 
Chickafaws;  by  ■w^hom  their  Illinois  con- 
voys were  con'l:antly  attacked  and  fre- 
quently deflroyed. 

,   Karatuiih^  OX  Caraiunh,  a  plantation  ia 
1  Kenneljeck  CO.   Maine,   conhfting  of  136' 
inhaL)itants.     It  is  on  Kennefceck  river,  14 
mile'.  N  of  Brockrield. 

Kafiufnias  a  pbO:  town,  and  the  chief  of 
Randolph  co.  on  tl.e  S  W  bank  of  the 
river  of  the  farre  name,  a  water  of  the 
Miffifippi,  in  the  Indiana  Territory,  cp- 
pofite  Old  Fort,  and  iz  miles  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  but  not  half  that 
diflance  from  the  Miiufippi.  It  contains 
about  ICO  hcufes,  many  of  them  well 
built;  feveral  of  ftone,  with  gardens,  and 
large  lots  adjoining,  ltnowcontains467in- 
habitants,  47  are  Haves.  The  former  have 
large  ftocks  of  black  cattle,  fwlne,  &.c. 

Kaj"uifiias,  an  indian  nation  near  the 
river  of  their  name  in  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory. They  could  furniih  250  warriors 
in  1 7  7^1.  Three  miiei?  northerly  of  Kaikai- 
kia?  is  a  village  of  Illinois  indiar.s,  of  the 
Kafkaildas  tribe,containing,in  2  7745about 
210  perfons,  and  60  warriors.  They 
were  formerly  brave  and  warlike,  but 
are  now  degenerated  and  debauched. 
At  the  late  peace,  the  United  States 
granted  them  a  fum  of  money  in  hand, 
audi •ecameboundtopay them  500 dollars 
a  year  for  ever.  In  Auguft  1 803,  Gov.  Har- 
rlibn  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Kalkaf- 
kia  Indians,  by  which  they  cede  to  the 
United  States  in  full  right,  the  immenfe 
tract  of  country  extending  from  the 
mouth  of  Illinois  river  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Ohio  ;  from  thence  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Saline  Creek,  below  the  Wabafli ; 
thence  bounded  by  the  high  lands,  divid- 
ing 


K  AT 


KEN 


tjvg  the  waters  wljich  run  into  the  Vra- 
bafli  from  thole  which  run  into  the  Saline 
Creek;  thence  by  the  highhmds  divid- 
ing ihe  waters  which  run  into  tlie  Wa- 
baflijfrom  iliufe  which  run  into  the  Milli- 
lippi,  until  it  reaches  to  the  river  Kal- 
kallcia ;  thence,  by  the  Iiigh  lands  ■fS'liicli 
divide  the  waters  which  fall  into  lae 
KaHcalkia  river,  from  thofe  which  fall 
into  the  river  Illinois,  and  from  thence 
in  a  direcEt  courfe  to  the  mo*ith  ,of  the  Illi- 
nois again,  iuppofcd  to  contain  from  ten 
to  twelve  millions  of  acres.  The  whole 
was  ceded  in  conlideratiou  of  the  annual 
addition  of  JCC  dollars,  to  a  like  fum, 
which  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  the 
Kafkallcia  Tribe  receives  every  year  from 
the  United  ritates,  together  with  the  ,re- 
fervation  of  1580  acres  near  the  village  of 
Kaflcafkia,  for  cuUivation  and  clcmeilic 
purpofc3. 

Kiifiajlias,  a  river  of  the  N.  W.  I'erritory 
wh'cii  is  navlgalile  for  beats  130  miles. 
Its  courfe  is  S  S  'vV,  and  near  its  mouth  it 
turns  to  the  S  S  E  and  falls  into  the  Midi- 
lippi  river,  8.}  miles  from  the  Illinois.  It 
runs  through  a  rich  country,  abounding 
in  extenfive  natural  meadows,  and  num- 
berlefs  herds  of  bufFaloe,  deer,  &c.  High 
grounds  lie  along  the  E  lide  of  the  river, 
the  banks  being  compofcd  of  linaellcne 
and  freeftone,  and  are  from  ico  to  130 
feet  high,  divided  in  many  places  by  deep 
cavities,  through  Vvdiich  many  imall  rivu- 
lets pals  before  they  fall  into  the  Miiri- 
lippi.  The  fides  of  thefe  liills,  fronting 
the  river,  are  in  many  places  perpendicu- 
lar, and  appear  like  folid  pieces  of  ma- 
Ibnry,  of  various  colours,  figures,  and  lizes. 

Kujhijhuitk,  a  town  of  tlie  Del  aw  ares, 
between  Great  Beaver  creek  and  Allegha- 
ny river,  in  Pennfylvania.  Here  the 
Moravian  miflionaries  had  a  iettlenient. 
It  is  40  'miles  N  of  I'ittfburg. 

KaJJiinonipa^  a  fmall  river  which  runs 
W  into  the  Miflilippi  from  Teuellee,  in 
N  lat.  36  28.  On  the  N  fide  of  its 
mouth  is  an  iron  mine.       See  Reel/not. 

Katers  Kill,  a  fouthern  branch  of  Kaats' 
Kill,  in  N.  York,  its  mouth  is  2  miles  W 
of  Hudfon  river. 

KathhppaccuKurci,  an  Indian  village  on 
the  N  fide  of  VVabafli  river,  at  the  mouth 
of  Rippacanoe  creek,  and  about  20  miles 
above  the  Lower  V/eau  towns.     In  1791, 


before  its  defcruClion 


L.y 


Generals  Scott 


and  Wilkinfon,  it  contained  lao  honfes, 
80  of  which  were  fliingle  rooted.  The 
bed  houfes  belonged  to  the  French  traders. 
The  gardens  a^id  improveK-hcnts  rorr.d 
Voi...!.  II  h 


were  delightrul.  There  was  a  tavern  witk 
cellars,  bar,  public  and  private  rooms; 
and  the  v/hole  marked  no  fmall  degree  of 
order  and  civilization. 

Kjiv^cuJica-,or  K^^nifuHy  a  lake  in. Maine, 
laid  dov.;n  in  late  maps  as  the  head  of 
Pairamaquod dy  river.       N  lat.  46  3. 

Kayadaruljl.\:..  C  :.!:,  \l\  N.  York,  about 
la  ir.iles   Vv'  illuence  of  Eifli 

cretjkandHw!  i.     The  celebrat- 

ed fprings  of  Sard'  uga,  o  or  (;  in  number, 
are  lltuatcd  on  tiic  ,'margin  of  a  mar fn 
formed  by  u  branch  of  this  creek.  See 
S^iraioga. 

Kays  IJhuJ,  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  Amer- 
ica, lies  in  N  lat.  39  49,  E  Ion.  21658  in 
tht  neighbourhooo  of  this  illand,  Captain 
Gcok  difcovcrcd  icvtral  other  illands. 

JyiinAoivii^  a  village  in  Rockingham 
CO.  Virginia,  containiug  30  cr  40  iroufes. 

KeatCt  a  poll:  town  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  one  of  the  moll  .fiourlfliing  in  Chcfli- 
ire  county.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 753, 
and  contained  in  1775,  7j6,  in  i7yO, 
1314,  and  in  i8c.o,  1645  inhabitants. 
It  is  14  miles  from  Walpole,  96  W  of 
F'ortfmouth,  and  86  N  W  liom  liofton. 

Kclt'JhttrgLf  a  towninip  in  Chitteude-a 
CO.  Vcrmt.nt,  at  the  head  of  the  N  branch 
•of  La  MoiliC  river. 

Kevifj'viUey  a  poft  town  of  Prince  Ann 
CO.  Virginia,  243  miles  from  Yvailiingion. 

KeHapacotnaqiia^  an  Indian  village  on  the 
N  bank  of  Eel  river,  a  branch  of  the  Wa- 
bafll,.      See  Longuilie. 

Kendrick's  JJLndy  forms  the  W  fide  of 
Noocka  sound, into  which  you  may  enter 
from  the  W  by  Mafiachufttts  Sound, 
along  tlie  northern  fide  of  the  ifiand. 

KcrJujleag,  a  river  running  into  Penob- 
fcot  on  its  W  fide.  It  rifts  .in  townflii.p 
No.  3,  in  the  jth  range,  granted  to  Wil- 
liams College,  and  palFes  a  length  of  isbout 
30  miles  through  fuur  other  townfldps, 
and  falls  into  the  Peuobfcot  in  the  town 
of  Bingor,  about  2  miles  behw  the  head 
of  the  tide.  At  tiie  mouth  of  this  nvcj- 
in  the  toivn  of  Bangor,  is  a  thriving  vil- 
lage of  'liandfonic  houfes,  and  a  place  of 
the  UK  R-  trade  on  the  river. 

KLt:ii:[)tc!i.  next  to  Penobfcot  i^  the  fincffc 
river  in  Maine.  'il,ree  miles  from  tlic 
Chops,  Swan  I.  7  niilcs  lung,  divides  the 
waters  of  tlie  river.  The  waters  on  both 
fides  of  it  aie  navigable  ;  but  the  channel 
en  the  E  fide  of  it  i^  inoftiV  ul'td  :  38 
miles  from  tbe  fca  is  the  ifiitnd  Nahun- 
ktag,  which  Irgnilies  the  land  v  here  eels 
are  taken.  Within  3  miles  of  this  iiland, 
a  fmal!  river  coming  \V  from  poiidi  v.hich 

are 


KEN 


KEN 


a^e  in  the  town  of  Winthrop,  runs  into 
the  Kennebeck,  and  is  known  by  the 
name  of  Cobhefeconte,  called  by  the  In- 
dians CobbifTcconteag,  wliich  in  their 
language  fignilies  the  pUice  where  ftur- 
geou  are  taken.  Six  miles  further  up 
the  river  wc  find  the  head  of  the  navi- 
gable waters.  This  is  a  bafon  46  miles 
I'pom  the  fea,  and  very  commodious  for 
the  anchoring  of  veffels.  Ou  the  Ebank 
of  the  fmall  fall  which  terminates  the 
navigation  of  the  Kennebeck,  is  Fort 
Weftern,  which  was  erected  in  the  year 
175a.  From  that  fort  to  Taconuet  Fall 
is  18  miles.  This  is  a  great  fall  of  water, 
and  on  the  bank  of  it,  on  the  eaftern 
fide  of  the  river,  is  Fort  Halifax,  ere(5led 
in  1754,  and  iltuated  on  the  point  of  land 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Sebafla- 
cook  v.'ith  the  Kennebeck,  by  which  the 
latter  is  increafed  one  third  in  fize.  The 
Sebaflacook  comes  from  lakes  nearly  N 
from  its  mouth  ;  and  in  its  windings  re- 
ceives brooks  and  fmall  rivers,  for  the 
fpace  of  150  miles.  Thirty  miles  above 
Fort  Halifax,  as  the  river  runs,  the  ftream 
called  Sandy  river  llciws  into  the  Kenne- 
beck,'at  the  point  where  the  ancient  town 
of  Norridgewock  ftood  ;  40  miles  or  more 
further  up,  the  Kennebeck  takes  a  S  weft- 
ward  couri'e.  The  Kennebeck  turning 
again  weftward,  receives  the  eaftern 
branch  S'^  miles  from  Norridgewock. 
The  main  branch  of  the  Kennebeck, 
winding  into  the  wildernefs,  forms  fev- 
eral  carryipg  places,  one  of  which,  called 
the  Great  carrying  place,  is  3  miles  acrofj, 
and  the  river's  courfe  gives  a  diftance  of 
35  miles,  for  that  which  is  gained  by  5 
on  the  dry  land.  At  about  100  miles  dif- 
tance  from  the  mouth  of  the  eaftern 
branch,  the  fource  of  the  main  or  weftern 
branch  of  the  Kennebeck  is  found  ex- 
tended a  great  diftance  along  the  lide  of 
the  Chaudiere,  which  carries  the  waters 
from  the  high  lands  into  the  St.Lawrencc. 
There  are  no  lakes,  but  a  few  i'mall  ponds 
and  morafles  at  the  fource  of  this  branch. 
The  carrying  place  from  boatable  waters 
in  it,  to  boatable  waters  in  the  river  Chau- 
diere, is  only  5  miles  over.  The  eaftern 
branch  of  the  Kennebeck,  which  unites 
ivith  the  other  above  Norridgewock,  if- 
fues  from  a  body  of  waters  which  lie  N, 
about  ao  miles  from  the  confluence  of 
the  2  branches.  '^J'hefe  waters  are  called 
Monfe  Pond  or  Moofc  Lake.  The  hdcs 
of  the  lake  are  fo  crooked,  that  the  body 
of  waters  has  an  irregular  figure  ;  but  the 
:ake  contains  3  times  as  much  water  as 


is  found  in  Lake  George.  There  are 
very  high  mountains  to  the  N  and  W  of 
the  lake,  and  from  thefe  the  waters  run 
by  m»any  channels  to  the  St.  Lawrence. 
The  Kennebeck  aflbrds  great  quantities 
of  lumber,  and  is  inhabited  at  difterent 
feafous  by  fevcral  fpeciesof  valuable  fifh. 
Salmon  and  fturgeon  are  taken  here  in, 
great  abundance,  and  fhad  and  alcwives 
relieve  the  wants  of  the  ncccflitous  part 
of  the  inhabitants.  This  river  forms 
the  ncareft  fe.iport  for  the  people  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  river  Connedlicnt. 
From  the  Upper  Cohos,  or  Coos,  on  the 
latter  river  to  the  tide  water  in  Kenne- 
beck is  90  meafured  miles. 

Ele.inebeck^  a  county  in  the  diftricl  of 
Maine,  and  the  firft  inland  county  eret'l- 
ed  in  this  diftrid;.  It  was  feparattd  from 
the  maritime  county  of  Lincoln,  by  Avhich 
it  is  bounded  on  the  S,  by  Hancock  co. 
on  the  E,  by  Cumberland  ou  the  W,  and 
by  the  Highlands  or  the  line  between  the 
li.  S.  and  L.  Canada  on  the  N.  It  was 
incorporated  Feb,  ao,  1799,  and  has  its 
name  from  Kennebeck  river,  which  runs 
through  and  divides  it  in  nearly  equal 
parts.  It  is  about  40  miles  wide,  and  up- 
wards of  100  miles  long,  but  its  exatSl  di- 
meniions  cannot  be  prccifely  afcertained 
until  there  are  more  accurate  furveys. 
The  foil  is  better  and  more  eafily  culti- 
vated, than  that  on  the  feacoaft.  It  coji- 
tains  24,402  inhabitants. 

Kennehu7ik,  a  rivcr  of  Maine,  having  a 
good  harbour  at  its  mouth,  from  whence 
great  quantities  of  lumber  are  fhippcd  for 
a  market.  There  the  lumber  of  Moufom 
is  iliipped  at  prefent.  This  river  divides 
the  townfhips  of  Wells  and  Arundel.  It 
runs  a  fliort  courfe,  and  empties  into  the 
fea  between  Capes  Porpoife  and  Ncddick. 

Ker.nebitnk,  the  Indian  name  of  the  place, 
fince  called  IVclls,  in  Maine,  aljout  2)^ 
m.ilcs  below  Portfmouth,  N.  Hampfliire. 
Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Kennet,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania.     Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Kenncmkh^  Great,  a  navigable  river  of 
the  N.  W.  Territory,  emptying  into  the  S 
end  of  Lake  Michigan,  about  N  lat,  4% 
II.  The  waters  of  this  river  communi- 
cate, by  a  portage  of  30  yards,  with  Lit- 
tle Kennomick,  a  Ihort  river  which  runs 
N  cafterly  into  the  lake. 

Kcnftngton,  3.  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  about  6  miles  fouth- 
erly  of  Exeter,  and  8  northerly  of  New- 
bury Port.  It  was  incorporated  in  1737. 
It  contains  776  inhabitanii. 


'1^^ 


KEN 


KEN 


Jtettt,  a  county  of  Maryland  on  the  cafl:- 
trn  fliore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  bounded  E 
by  New  Caflle,  and  part  of  Kent  co.  Del- 
aware, and  W  by  Chefapeak  Bay.  It  Is 
about  3^  miles  long  and  13  broad,  and 
contains  11,771  inhabitants,  including 
4474  flaves.     Chief  town,  Chefter. 

Kent  Co.  U.  Canada,  extends  northward 
to  the  boundary  Hne  of  Hudfon's  Bay> 
including  all  the  territory  to  the  weftward 
and  fouthward  of  the  faid  Hue,  to  the 
utmofl  extent  of  the  country  known  by 
the  name  of  Canada.  Smyth. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Rhode  Ifiand,  lying 
S  of  Providence  co,  on  the  W  fide  of  Nar- 
raganfet  Bay.  It  is  20  miles  in  length, 
and  10  in  breadth,  and  is  divided  into  4 
townfliips.  It  contains  8487  inhabitants. 
-  Kent,  the  middle  one  of  the  three  coun- 
ties of  Delaware.  It  is  40  miles  from  N 
to  S,  and  26  from  E  to  W,  and  contains 
10,554  inhabitants,  including  1485  llaves: 
The  lands?  in  Kent  co.  are  efteemed  the 
richefl:  in  the  ftate.  It  is  well  watered 
by  fcveral  fmall  flreams  that  empty  into 
the  Delaware.     Chief  town,  Dover. 

Xeiti,  an  ifland  in  Queen  Ann's  co.  Ma- 
ryland, and  the  largeft  in  Chefapeak  Bay. 
It  is  I  a  miles  from  N  to  S,  and  6  in 
breadth,  and  has  a  poft  office. 

Kent,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield  co.  Con- 
nedlicut,  bordering  on  the  ftate  of  N. 
York,  and  8  or  ro  miles  W  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  1607  inhabitants. 

Kentucky^  a  very  crooked  river  in  the 
ftate  of  its  name,  which,  after  a  general 
N  W  courfe  of  200  miles,  falls  into  the 
Ohio  in  N  lat.  39.  It  is  fometimes  called 
Caitaiva.  Its  fourcc  is  in  the  Laurel 
Mountains,  and  it  interlocks  with  Licking 
river.  Its  mouth  is  77  miles  above  the 
Rapids,  and  626  below  Pittfburg.  Its 
mouth  is  250  yards  wide,  and  the  river 
js  navigable  130  miles  ;  the  current  is 
confiderably  rapid,  the  banks  being  high 
and  rocky.  It  is  faid  black  lead  mines 
have  been  found  on  the  head  waters  of 
this  river.  Litllc  Kentucky  River  is  2J 
yards  wide,  and  3  miles  W  of  Kentucky 
river. 

Kentucky,  one  of  the  United  Sates  of 
America,  bounded  N  W  by  the  river 
Ohio  ;  W  by  Cumberland  river  ;  S  by 
Tencffee  State  ;  E  by  Sandy  river,  and  a 
line  drawn  due  S  from  its  fource,  till  it 
ilrikes  the  northern  boundary  of  Teneflee. 
It  lies  between  36  30,  and  39  30  N  lat. 
and  between  81  and  89  W  Ion.  about  250 
miles  long,  and  200  broad,  and  contains 
about  ^opoQ  fquare  iniles,      Ijj  J;^jjuary 


1799,  the  Legiflature  palled  "an  asfJ: 
apportioning  reprefentation,  and  laymg 
off  the  Stat.e  into  fenatorial  diftridts,"  of 
which  the  following  is  a  copy.  "Be  it 
enaifled  by  the  general  alferably,  that 
until  it  fliall  be  altered  by  the  Legifla- 
ture, the  houfe  of  Reprefentatives  Ihall 
be  compofed  of  fixty  tino  members,  to 
be  eledted  from  the  feveral  counties, 
agreeably  to  a  ratio  of  one  for  every  500 
qualified  eIe<5tors  within  this  State,"  that 
is  to  fay,  the  county  of 


Jefferfon  lliall 

Barren                     i 

eled:                    % 

Pulatki(rince  di- 

Shelby                   a 

vided)                 I 

BuUitt                     I 

Lincoln                  3 

Henry  and  Gal- 

Mcrrer                   3 

latin                    I 

Garrard                   % 

Nelfon                    3 

Mad  i  ion                  3 

Hardin  (fince  di- 

Fayette                   4 

vided)                 I 

Jcffamine                1 

Greene                   a 

Bourbon                  4 

Waflilngfon             3 

Fleming                    A 

Muhlenberg  and 

Clarke                      a 

Ohio                     1 

Montgomery         % 

Livingfl-on  and 

Scott                       a 

Henderfon          i 

Woodford               % 

Warren                   i 

Franklin                  I 

Logan                     a 

Harrifon                 i 

Chriftain   (fince  di- 

Bracken                 r 

vided)                  I 

Boone,  Campbell 

Cumberland    (Gnce 

and  Pendleton  i 

divided)              r 

Mafon                     4 

If  before  the  next    apportionment  oi 

reprefentation  iliall  be  made  by  the  Le- 

giflature, a  new  County  fliall  be  erected. 

it  fliall  be  conudered  for  the  purpofe  o£ 

reprefentation,  as  a  part  or  parts  of  the 

County  or  Counties   from  which  it  fliall 

be   taken.     And  be  it  further  enadlcd. 

that  until  it  fliall  be  altered  by  the  Legif- 

lature, the   County  of   Fayette    fliall  be 

one  fenatorial  diftri(5l. 

Fayette                     i 

Mercer                    I 

Montgomery          i 

Lincoln                   i. 

Bourbon                  I 

Shelby  and  Hen- 

Mafon                    I 

ry                        1: 

Clarke                      1 

Nelfon                     X 

Scott                        I 

Wafl\ington           x 

Fleming                   i 

Jcfl-'erfon                   r 

Harrifon  and 

Bullitt  and  Har- 

Bracken             i 

din                       X 

Campbell,  Pendle- 

Greene                    x 

ton  and  Boone   i 

Cumberland  and 

Woodford               I 

Warren               x 

Franklin  and  Galla-  ] 

Logan  and  Chrif- 

tin                        I 

tain                      X 

Jeifamine  and  Gar- 

Livingflon,   Hen- 

rard                     I 

dcr-fon,  Muhlen- 

Madifon                1  \ 

berg  and  Ohio   r 

S!i:cc 


( 


KEN 


KEN 


Since  the  above  acT:  paffcd,  the  u)iin\v- 
jng  new  Comities  have  been  made ;  Floyd, 
KnoK,  Nicholas,  Breckenridge,  and  Adair. 
The  ftate  has  ^20,955  inhabitahts,of  whom 
40,343  are  Haves.  The  river  Ohio  walb- 
cs  the  N  wcHern  fide  of  Kcntuck)',  in  its 
whole  extent.  Its  principal  branches 
which  water  this  fertile  tracl  of  country, 
are  Sanrly,  Licking,  Kencncky,  Salt, 
Green,  Tenefice,  and  CumbeiJand  rivers. 
Thefe  again  branch  in  various  direcStions, 
into  rivulecs  of  difFerent  magnitudes,  fer- 
tilizing the  country  in  all  its  parts.  Tlie 
fprings  and  flreams  Icflen  in  June,  and 
continue  low,  hindering  navigation,  until 
November,  when  the  aut-nnnal  rains 
fvvtU-  tlie  rivers,  and  rcpleniflv  the  whole 
country  with  water.  At  the  bottoms  of 
thefe  Avater  c6urfes  the  limell^one  rock, 
which  is  common  in  this  country,  ap- 
pears of  a  greyifli  colour  ;  and  where  it 
is  ex  poled  to  the  air,  in  its  natural  ftate, 
it  looks  like  brown  free  flouc.  On  the 
banks  of  thefe  rivers  and  rivulets,  this 
lioae  has  tlic  :ippearance  of  line  marble, 
being  of  the  fame  texture,  and  is  found 
in  the  greaU:ft  plenty.  After  heivy 
rains,  the  waters  in  the  rivers  rile  be- 
tween the  high  limeftone  banks  from  10 
to  7,0  feet.  There  are'".;  S'  "i>tcd  fait 
fprings  or  licks,  in  this  country,  vis,  the 
higher  and  lower  Blue  fprings,  the  Big 
Bone  Lick,  Drinnon's  Lick,  rvlan's  and 
Bullet's  Lick.  The  two  \-di\  of  thefe 
liicks  have  fupplied  this  countrv  and 
part  of  Illinois  with  fait,  at  one  dollar  a 
bulhel  ;  and  fome  is  exported  to  the  Illi- 
nois country.  The  method  of  procuring 
water  from  thefe  Licks,  is  by  finking 
wells  from  30  to  40  feet  deep,  which 
yield  water  more  ftrongly  impregnated 
with  fait,  than  the  water  from  the  fca. 
This  whole  country,  as  far  as  has  yet 
been  difcovcrcd,  lies  upon  a  bed  of  Irmc- 
flone,  which  in  general  h  about  6  feet 
belovz-.the  fnrface,  except  in-  the  vallies, 
where  the  foil  is  much  thinner.  Atradl 
of  about  70  miles  wide,  along  the  banks 
of  the  Oiiio,  is  hilly,  broken  land,  inter- 
fpcrfed  v.'ith  many  fertile  fpots.  The  rc([ 
of  t'^.c  covmtry  is  agreeably  uneven,  o^'^nr- 
)y  afcendingand  dcfccnding  at  n-j  great 
difliances.  The  angles  o^  afcent  are  from 
8  to  24  dcg'-ees,  and  foinetinies  more. 
'3'he  vallics  in  common  ar-,;  v,-rv  n.-trrnw, 
and  the  foil  in  tlu-tn  is  vcfv  ti'iii,  and  of 
an  inferior  quality  ;  and  that  along  the 
afcending  ground,  is  frequently  not  much 
better;  ffi'-  wlicre  you  f  e  a  tree  blown 
np,  you  iiud  the  roots  clinging  to  the  up- 


per parts  of  the  rock.  The  foil  on  thefe' 
agreeable  afcents  (for  they  cannot  be  call- 
ed hills)  is  fulTicicntly  deep,  as  is  evident 
from  the  fize  of  the  trees.  The  foil  is 
cither  black,  or  tinged  with  a  lighter  or 
deeper  vermilion,  or  is  of  the  colour  of 
dark  af'ies.  In  many  places  there  arc 
appearances  of  potter's  clay,  and  coal  in 
abundance.  The  country  promifes  to  l>c 
well  fupplied  with  wholcfome, -wcil  tafccd 
water.  In  Ntifon  co.  N  >|^  of  Rolling 
fork,  a  branch  of  Salt  river,  is  a  tracl  of 
about  40  miles  fquare,  mofily  barren,  in- 
terfperfed  with  plains  and  ftrips  of  good 
land,  which  are  advantageous  fituations 
for  ra'fing  cattle,  as  the  neighbouring 
barrens,  as  they  are  improperly  ftyled, 
are  covered  with  grafs,  and  aiTord  good 
palturage.  The  lands  E  of  Nolin  creek,  a 
branch  of  Green  river,  are  in  general  of 
an  inferior  quality;  but  the  banks  of 
Green  river  aftbrd  many  defirable  fitua- 
tions.     Toward  the  head  waters  of  Ken- 


tuck 


y    river,,  w 


hich   interlock  with    the 


\raters  of  Cumberland  and  Sandy  rivers, 
and  the  wliole  country  caftward  and 
fouthw;nd  as  far  as  the  HolRon  river,  is 
broken  and  nii)untainous  ;  and  from  the 
defcriprioiv  given  by  hunters,  it  has  been 
much  doubted  whether  it  would  ever  be 
]>rcuSti cable  to  make  a  paffable  road  from 
Kentucky  acrofs  to  "Winchefter,  in  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  E  fide  of  the  mountains^ 
which,on  a  flraight  line,  is  not  perhaps 
more  than  4©o  miles,  and  the  way  noAv 
travelled  is  600.  This  doubt,  liowever, 
is  now  removed,  and  a  company  have  late- 
ly undertaken  to  cut  a  road  (it  is  thought 
a  waggon  road  may  be  made), from  Ken- 
tucky, to  pais  by  the  Sweet  Springs  in 
Virginia;  thence  to  Winchenier.  This 
new  road,  it  is  fuppoftd,  will  be  nearly  aco 
m.iles  fliorter  than  the- one  now  travelled. 
This  country  in  general  is  well  timbeied. 
Of  the  natural  growth  which  is  peculiar  t» 
tins  country,  we  may  reckon  the  elm,  the 
beech,  the  afli,  the  juniper,  the  fugar,  the 
coffee, the  papaw,  the  hackberry,arid  the 
cucumber  trees  'J'he  two  laft  are  foft 
wr,od,  and  bear  a  iruit  of  the  Oiape  and' 
I'lzc  of  a  cucumber.  The  colTee  tree  re- 
fembles  the  black  oak,  and  bears  a  pod, 
which  enclofes  ^  feed,  of  which  a  drink 
is  made  not  unlike  cofufe.  BeHde  thefe, 
there  is  tlie  hoiuy  locuft,  blackmulberry, 
wild  cherry,  of  a  la'-ge  fize.  The  buck- 
f  ye,au  exceedingly  foft  wood,  is  the  horfe 
chtfnut  of  l'.'.!r(W)c.  The  magnolia  bears 
a  beautiful  bloiiom  of  a  rich  and  exquif- 
ite  fragrance-     Such    is   the    variety  and 

beauty 


XEN 


KE-N 


ispnuty  6f  the  flowering  fl^rubs  and  plants 
wliicli  grow  fpoiitiincoullv  ia  this  coun- 
try, that  in  the  proper  Itaibn  the  wiiucr- 
lich  appears  iu  bloirov/i.  The  accounts 
of  the  fertility  of  (he  foil  in  this  country, 
have,  in  Ibnie  inftances,  exceeded  belief, 
and  probably  have  been  exaggerated. 
That  iome  parts  of  Kentucky,  particular- 
ly the  high  grounds,  are  remarkably  good, 
all  accounts  a^ree.  Tite  lands  of  the  iirft 
rate  are  too  ricli  for  wheat,  and -will  pro- 
duce 50  and  60,  and  in  fome  ijiflanccs, 
100  bufliels  of  good  corn  an  acre.  In 
common,  the  land  will  produce  25  biifii- 
rls  of  wheat  or  rye  an  acre.  Barley,  oats, 
flax,  hemp,'  and  vegetables  of  all  kinds 
common  in  this  climate,  yield  abundantly. 
Irifli  potatoes  produce  in  abundance: 
fweet  potatoes  are  raifed  with  ditriculty. 
Tobacco  and  cotton  are  raifcd  in  con- 
flderable  quantities.  In  the  rivers  are 
plenty  of  buJni!oc,pikc,ee's,  catfilli  of  un- 
common fize,  falmon,  mullet,  rock,  perch, 
wartifli,celfuckers,funfjni,  &c.  Shad  have 
jiot  been  caught  in  the  wef^ern  waters. 
Swamps  are  rare  in  Kentucky  ;  and  of 
Gourfe  the  reptiles  which  thev  produce, 
fuch  as  fnakcs,  frogs,  &c.  are  not  numer- 
ous. The  honey  bee  may  be  called  a 
domefbc  infed",  as  it  is  faid  not  to  be 
found  but  in  civilized  countries.  Tliis  Is 
confirmed  by  a  faying  ■which  is  common 
among  the  Indians,  when  thf.v  fee  a  fwarm 
of  bees  in  the  woods,  "Well,  brothers,  it  is 
time  for  us  to  decamp,  for  the  white 
people  sre  coming."  Neverthelefs,  bees, 
of  late  years,  have  a!>oundcd,  to  their 
amazement,  even  200  miles  N  and  N  W 
of  the  Ohio.  The  quadrupeds,  except 
the  buffaloc,  are  the  fame  as  in  Virginia 
.ind  the  Caroiinas.  Between  Cumber- 
land and  Green  rivers  a  valuable  lead 
mine  has  beendifcovercd.  Marie,  chalk, 
gypfiem  and  ochres  are  found  in  different 
places.  From  the  caves  on  Green  river, 
earth  is  collected  for  faltpctre,  many  of 
the  inhabitants  manufatlwre  their  own 
gunpowder.  The  mod  numerous  relig- 
ious feAs  are  the  Prelbyterians,  the  Bap- 
tifts,  and  Methodifls.  The  climate  is 
healthy  and  delightful,  fome  few  places 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  ponds  and  low 
grounds  excepted.  The  inhabitants  do 
not  experience  the  extremes  of  heat  and 
cold.  Snow  feldom  fails  deep,  or  lies 
long.  The  winter,  which  begins  al^out 
Chriflmas,  i.s  never  longer  than  three 
months,  and  is  commonly  but  two, and  is 
fo  mild  as  that  cattle  can  fubiifl  without 
fodder.    Kentucky  ejtpcrlencts  a  greater 


degree  of  temperature  than  any  of  tlird 
neighbouring  States  ;  Fahrenheit's  thcr-' 
mometer  fehtom  falling  below  35^  in  win^ 
ter,  nor  rifing  above  ^>c°  in  fummcr^ 
'I'he  approach  of  the  feafons  is  graduaK 
Thefiimmer  continues  moftlytotlie  mid- 
dle of  October.  The  autumn  or  mild- 
weather,  generally  continues  until  Chrirt- 
mas,  when  there  is  fome  cold  and  frofs 
until  February,  Avhen  t!ie  fpring  ap- 
proaches; and  by  the  beginning  of  March 
feveral  Hiiubs  and  trees  begin  to  fhoot 
forth  their  buds;  by  the  middle  of  th<5 
month  the  buck-n'e  or  horfe  chcfnut  i* 
clnd  in  Sunnner's  array  ;  and  by  the 
middle  of  April  the  foliage  of  the  forefta  la 
completely  expinded  ;  whicli  is  a  fort- 
night earlier  than  the  leaves  are  fl.ot 
forth  in  Virginia  and  Maryland:  and 
Cumberland  is  porportionally  \nore  tem- 
perate than  N.  Carolina,  as  iCentucky  is 
to  Virginia.  Malt  liquor,  fpirits  diftillecl 
from  corn  and  rve.and  the  iuice  of  the  fii- 
gaf  tree  mixed  with  water  conftitute  the 
ordinary  beverage  of  the  country.  Here 
are  various  minerals  ;  as  iron,  copper^ 
lead, fulpluir,  nitre,  &c.  Iron  works  are 
in  fuch  forwardnefs,  as  to  furnifli  large 
quantities  of  fcallings.  There  are  erect- 
ed a  paper  mill,  oil  mills,  fulling  mills;^ 
faw  ^ilh,  and  a  great  number  of  val- 
uable grill  mills.  Several  valuable 
tanneries  have  been  eftabllfhed  in- 
different  parts  of  the  countrv.  Their 
fait  works  are  more  than  fufficient  to 
fupply  a!!  tlielr  inhabitants,  at  a  low 
price.  They  make  confiderable  quanti- 
ties of  fugar  from  the  fugar  trees.  The 
amount  of  exports  from  this  date  in  i8or 
was  626,673  dollars.  The  banks  or 
fatlier  pi  cci pices,  of  Kentucky  and  Dick's. 
river,  are  to  be  reckoned  among  the  nat- 
ural curiofities  of  this  country.  Here  the 
ailonlflied  eye  behold*  3  or  400  feet  of 
foHd  perpendicular  rock,  in  fome  parts- 
of  the  limeftone  kind,  and  in  others  of 
fiiie  white  marble,  curioufly  checkercd- 
wlih  ftrata  of  aftoniilung  rcgvihrlty^ 
Thefe  rivers  have  the  appearance  of  dceji- 
artiiicial  canals.  Their  high  rocky  bank* 
are  covered  with  red  cedar  groves.  Caves 
have  been  difcovcred  in  this  country  of 
feveral  miles  in  length,  imder  a  fine  lime- 
ftone  rock,  fuppnrted  by  curious  arches 
and  pillars.  Springs  that  emit  fulphu- 
reous  matter  h^ive  been  found  in  feveral 
parts  of  the  country.  One  is  near  a  fait: 
fpring,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Boonf- 
borough.  There  are  three  fpring*  01* 
ponds    of   b:tu,men    near   Green  river,. 

which 


KET 


KIL 


trfiicti  do  not  form  a  flream,  hut  empty 
thcmftlves  into  a  common  refervoir,  and 
when  ufed  in  lamps,  anfwcr  all  the  pur- 
pof'es  oi  the  hcfl  oil.  Copperas  and  al- 
funi  are  among  the  minerals  of  Kentucky. 
Near  Lexington  are  found  curious  fcpul- 
chres  full  of  human  Ikcletons.  It  has  been 
aJicrted  that  a  man  in  or  near  Lexing- 
ton, having  dug  five  or  fix  feet  below  the 
furfacc  of  the  ground,  came  to  a  large 
^Sat  (tone,  ander  which  was  a  well  of 
common  depth,  regularly  and  artificially 
If^oned.  Ihe  diftance  of  Philadelphia, 
Iby  land,  to  Kentucky  is  between  7  and 
Sec  miles  ;  from  Baltimore  nearly  700  ; 
jhearly  600  from  Alcr.andria,  and  up- 
wards of  500  from  Richmond.  From 
the  Rapids  of  the  Ohio  to  Santa  Fe,  is 
11000  miles,  and  from  thence  to  the  city 
oi  Mexico,  1500. 

Kectve,  or  Keorvcf,  the  Dame  given  to 
Savannah  river,  above  its  continence  with 
theTugulo,  the  W.  main  branch. 

Keoive,  anciently  a  populous  town  and 
territory  of  the  Cherokee  Indians,  on  tlie 
river  of  that  name,  the  N  eafternmofl: 
f»ranch  of  Savannah  river,  'I'he  foil  is 
very  fertile,  and  the  adjacent  heights 
ifn'ghr,  with  little  expenfe,  be  rendered 
almoff  impregnable.  The  fruitful  vale 
«f  Kcowcr  is  7  or  8  miles  in  extent,  when 
%  high  ridge  of  hilts  terminates  the  vale, 
Ijut  open?  :)g3in  below  the  ridge,  and 
continues  10  or  12  miles  down  to  Sinica, 
and  in  width  i  or  %  miles.  ''Fhis  was 
Formerly  one  continued  and  thickly  in- 
jbabited  fettlement,  well  cultivated  and 
|))anted.  It  now  exhil>its  a  very  diller- 
^nt  fpetSacIe  to  the  feeble  remains  of  the 
«nce  potent  Cherokees.  Fort  George  for- 
merly ftood  near  the  old  fciie  of  Kcowc. 

Kepkrs,  a  village  in  Berks  co.  Pennfyl- 
Yania,  on  Little  Schuylkill  river,  the  N 
branch  of  Schuylkill  river  ;  7,1  miles  N  N 
W  of  Reading,   and  32  W  of  Bethlehem. 

Kerifcngar,  a  lake  in  the  diftridl  of 
Maine,  which  fends  its  waters  to  Penob- 
jPcot  river. 

Kerjha-rv,  a  uiflrlcl  of  .^.  Carolina,  on 
Waterce  river,  v/hich  feparates  it  from 
.Richland  diftrl.fl.  It  is  35  miles  in  length 
and  30  in  breadth,  containing  7340  in- 
iiabitants,  of  wl)t)ni  2.530  are  flaves. 

KejUj.      Sec  Cujhai  Ri-uer. 

Kettle  pi'ver,  or  ri-viert  a  la  ChauJ'iet  <•, 
rifes  in  a  long  marfli,  towards  the  river 
Thames,  and  running  foutherly  difcharg- 
es  itfelf  into  lake  Erie,  W  of  the  carrying 
place,  out  of  the  bay  of  Long  Point,  hav- 
ing at  times  five  feet  auda  h  lif  wster  on 


its  bar  ;  tliis  river  has  fufficlerit  water  fof 
boats  many  miles  upwards  ;  its  entrance 
is  but  25  feet  wide.  Smyth. 

Keyzvarva,  a  fmall  iile  near  Charlcftori 
harbour,  S.  Carolina. 

Kairfcrge  Gors,  in  Hillfborough  CO.  N. 
Ilampfliife,  contains  103  inhabitants. 

KichaprA'.:^  ?w  Indian  nation  whofe  dif- 
fererii:  tribes  inhabit  near  the  entrance  of 
Lake  Superior,  where  20  years  ago  they 
had  400  warriors  ;  part  refide  at  Lake 
Michigan,  and  between  that  and  the 
Miflifippi,  near  tl.'C  Outtagomies,  &c.  and 
another  tribe  near  the  Piankefliavvs,  and 
on  the  Wabafli  and  its  branches.  The 
Kickapons  and  Kallcaikias,  twO  Indiati 
nations  lately  holtile,  ceded  lands  to  the 
United  States  at  the  treaty  of  Greenville 
Augufl  3,  1795.  Ihe  United  States,  on 
the  other  hand  paid  them  a  lum  of  money 
in  hand,  and  engaged  to  pay  them  in 
goods,  annually  to  the  value  of  500  dol- 
lars for  ever. 

Kickemult  R.  is  a  N  weflcrn  arm  of 
Mount  Hope  Bay.  It  is  about  1  milcsf 
long,  and  half  a  mile  broad.  The  town 
of  Warren,  in  Eriftol  co.  in  the  State  of 
Rhode  Iflaud,  lies  N  W  of  it. 

Kighipy!,'d,  on  the  coafl:  of  Labrador,  \ti 
Davis's  Strait,  N  from  and  near  Naiti  ; 
v/hich   fee. 

Kike'ionec  Point.      See   Kloanon. 

Killiugly,  a  town  in  Windham  co.  Con- 
necl:icut,  in  the  N  eaftern  part  of  the  (late, 
bordering  on  Rhode  Ifland,  and  feparated 
from  Pomfret  by  Ouineb?vig  R.  It  Ifes 
about  18  miles  E  of  Windham.  The 
original  fettlers  were  from  Maffachufetts. 
The  town  was  incorporated  in  May,  1708. 
Inhabitants,  2279. 

Killingtony  now  Sherburne,  a  mountainous 
towniliip  in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  liav- 
ing  Medway  on  the  W,  Barnard  N  E, 
and  Saltafli  on  the  S  E,  and  contains  ^% 
inhabitants.  Klllington  peak  is  the  high- 
cfl:  land  in  Vermont,  3454  ff'et  above  the 
level  of  the  ocean.  Waterquechee  river 
has  its  fource  in  a  pond  in  this  town. 

K'lUingivorih,  a  pofl:  town  in  Middlefex 
CO.  Connecticut,  fituated  on  Long  I  Sovmd, 
9  miles  E  of  Guilford,  and  27  W  of  N. 
London.  The  Indian  name  of  the  town- 
iliip was  HammonaPet ;  and  a  ftream  of 
that  name  runs  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
town,  and  divides  it  from  Guilford.  It 
was  fettled  in  1663,  by  12  planters  from 
Hartford,  Guilford,  and  Windfor.  The 
Englifli  name  defignedto  have  l>een  given 
this  town  was  Kennehvorth,  but  by  miflakc 
it  was  recorded  KiUin^wQrtb.  It  was  in- 
corporated 


KIN 


KIN 


corporated  in  1703,  and  has  3049  inhab- 
itants. 

KHliftlnoes,  Indians  who  inhabit  on  L. 
Superior ;   and  can  furnifli  J50  warriors. 

Kilkenny,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  incorporated  in  I774>  has  18 
inhabitants. 

Kindcrhook,  a  pofl:  town  in  Columbia  co. 
JN.  York,  on  the  E  fide  of  Hudibn's  R.  on 
a  Ymall  ftrcam.  which  empties  into  that 
river,  containing  50  dwelling  Iioufes  and 
a  Dutch  church  ;  13  miles  N  of  Hudfon's 
city,  az  S  by  E  of  Albany,  145  N  of  N. 
York,  and  25  W  by  N  of  Stockbridge  in 
Malfacliufetts.  The  townfhip  contains 
4248  inhabitants  ;  of  whom  483  are  Haves. 

Kinderhuok  Landings  in  the  abov^e  town- 
fhip,  is  lituated  under  the  E  bank  of  the" 
river,  furrouaded  with  an  uncleared  bar- 
yen  country,  has  about  15  or  20  houfes, 
and  nearly  as  many  flores  and  other 
buildings  ;  20  miles  S  of  Albany.  The 
town  through  which  the  flage  to  N.  York 
runs  is  about  5  miles  E  of  the  Landing. 

Kinder  hook  River,  in  N.  York  has  one 
main  head  in  the  N  part  of  Stephen  Town, 
another  near  Lebanon  fprings.  Five 
miles  N  W  fronvwhich  they  meet,  v/hrnce 
paffing  through  Chatham  and  Kinder- 
hook  it  empties  into  the  Hudfon  N  of  the 
city  of  Hudfon. 

King  and  Queen,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on 
Mattapony  R.  which  feparates  it  from 
King  William's  co.  It  is  about  25 
miles  long  and  20  broad,  and  contains 
4499  free  inhabitants,  and  5380  flaves. 
At  King  and  Queen  in  this  county  is  a 
poll:  office. 

King  George,  an  ancient  fort  on  the  bci- 
4ers  of  E.  Florida,  near  St.  Mary's  R. 

King  George's  Sound,  or  Nootla,  lies  on 
the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  America,  xu  N  lat. 
49  ^6.     See  Nootka. 

King  George  the  Third's  Sot/nd,  a  good 
harbour  on  the  S  W  part  of  New  Holland. 
Lat.  3j  5  S,  Ion  118  17  E.  Good  water 
and  plenty  of  flfli  may  be  taken  here. 
King  George,  a  County  of  Virginia,  be- 
tween the  Patowmac,  and  Rappahannock 
rivers.  It  is  2a  miles  long,  and  14  broad, 
and  contains  2762  free  inhabitants  and 
3987  flaves.  At  the  court  houle  is  a  pod 
pffice. 

Kings,  a  maritme  county  of  N.  York, 
•*  containing  all  that  part  of  the  (late, 
bounded  E  by  Queen's  co.  N  by  N.  York 
CO.  W  partly  by  Hudfon  R.  partly  by  the 
ocean  ;  and  S  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in- 
cluding Coney  Ifiands."  This  fertile  traA 
cf  ]a»d,  fituated  on  the  W  end  pf  Long 


Iflandj  and  feparatcd  from  Staten  ffl?.nd 
by  the  Narrows,  contributes  largely  to 
the  fupply  of  the  N.  York  market  vAth 
vegetables,  roots,  fruits,  butter,  &c  It  i« 
divided  into  6  townlhips,  and  contains 
5740  inliahitants,  including  1479  fiave«. 
Chief  towns,  Brooklyn  and  Flatbufla. 

King's,  a  CO.  of  Nova  Scotia,  compre- 
hending the  lands  on  the  S  W,  and  S  fidef 
of  the  Balbn  of  Min  is.  The  Habitant 
is  navigable  for  velTels  of  40  tons  a  httl« 
way  up.  The  Canaid  for  vcfTels  of  160 
tons,  4  or  5  miles  ;  and  the  Cornwallii* 
is  navigable  for  veflels  of  too  tons  5 
miles,  for  thofe  of  50  tons  10  miles  fur- 
ther. There  are  confiderable  I'ettle- 
meats  on  thefe  rivers,  and  they  aflford  a 
good  portion  of  fine  lands  for  tilhige,  and 
for  herbage,  and  fome  excellent  meadov/s. 
In  the  rivcrrs  are  found  a  gi  tat  abundance 
of  fliad  of  an  excellent  kirid  ;  and  in  the 
jBahn  of  A'linas  are  fine  end  fjfli,  haddock^ 
bals,  and  fiat  fifli  of  diflfcrent  kinds. 

King's  Bridge,  a  poll  town  of  N.  Yorlc^ 
15  miles  N  of  N.  York  city.  The  bridge 
here  connects  N.  York  iiland  with  the 
main  land.  It  was  fljongly  fortified  dur- 
ing the  war.  Tiie  heights  about  it  are 
Commanding. 

Kingjhury,  a  townflu'p  in  Waflrrngtoii 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  bend  of  Hudfon  river, 
NE  fide,   it  contains  1651  inhabitants. 

Kingfey,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada  Iv?  W 
of  Shipton  adjoining  on  both  fides  of  Nic- 
olet  river,  having  about  30  inhabitants. 

King's,  or  Pearl  JJland,  a  fmall  ifland  in. 
the  Bay  of  Panama.  It  belongs  to  Spain, 
and  is  famous  for  its  pearl  lllLery ;  and 
lies  m  N  lat.  71a,  W  Ion.  81  36. 

King's  Salines,  are  near  the  N.  Fork  of 
Holfton,  in  TeneiTee  ;  thirty  tv/o  gallons 
of  the  water  produces  a  bufliel  of  fait. 
Two  hundred  bufliels  have  been  made  in 
a  day  equal  to  Liverpool  fait.  The 
water  is  from  a  well,  10  feet  fquare,  more 
than  aoo  feet  deep,  conflantly  more  than 
half  full  of  water. 

Kingjhn,  or  Efopus,  a  pofl  town  of  N. 
York,  in  Ulfter  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Hud- 
fon's river,  6  miles  W  of  Rhinebeck,  and 
on  the  E  fide  of  Efopus  Kill,  or  Creek. 
It  was  deftroyed  on  the  ijth  of  Oclo- 
ber,  1777,  by  order  of  General  Vaughan, 
commanding  a  fleet  which  failed  up  the 
Hudfon,  when  large  quantities  of  flores 
were  confumed.  It  is  rebuilt  on  a  regu- 
lar plan,  and  contains  about  150  houles, 
a  court  houfe,  gaol,  a  Dutch  Reformed 
church,  and  an  academy.  It  is  plealant- 
ly  lituated  upon  and  lurrouiided  by  a  fpa- 

ciout 


KIN 


K  I  N 


;cious  plain.  k  is  56  miles  S  of  Albany, 
uad  109  N  of  N.  York.  N  lat.  41  56, 
W  ion.  73  ^6.  The  towufcip  contains 
4615  inhabitants. 

K'liigjloti^  a  townfolp  in  Addifon  co. 
Vermont,  containing  185  inhnbicauts. 

KtiTgJlcn,  a  poil  town  in  Piyniouth  co. 
MalTaCiUifetcs,  on  the  weftern  part  of 
\Mvniouth  Bay,  -bounded  northerly  by 
l)c  \\  /ough,  and  contains  103  7  inhabit- 
<x^:o.  Tltere^s  here  a  iiiuiag  and  roll- 
ing mill.  The  town  was  incorporated 
in  1707,  and  contains  1037  inhabiLanis. 
It  is  38  iniles  S  E  ox  Boftoii. 

Kr''^f}r.n,  a  pod:  tov/n  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  lying  on  the  road 
\Tiuch  leads  trom  Exeter  to  IlaverluU, 
in  Maflachufetts,  6  n:iies  from  the  former, 
and  12  from  Haverhill.  it  v,  as  incor- 
porated in  1694.       It  has  705  inhabitants. 

Kimrjion,  a  village  in  N.  jerfey,  tliree 
miles  N  E  of  Princeton,  and  15  S  W  of 
^rimfwick  ;  an  elevated  and  pleafant 
ipot. 

KhigJIaH,  now  Contvuyborough,  a  town 
in  Horry  dillrict,  S.  Carolina,  oti  the  W 
iide  of  W'akkamaw  river,  and  has  an 
epifcopal  chiarch  and  abowt  36  houfes,  41 
miles  N  by  E  from  Georgetown. 

Ki/igjion,  the  chief  town  of  Lenoir  co. 
Jsfewbern  diftri6t,  N  Carolina.  It  is  a 
poil  town,  fituated  in  a  beautiful  plain  on 
the  N  fide  of  Neus  river,  and  contains  a 
court  honi'e,  gaol,  and  about  30  houfes.  It 
is  40  miles  W  of  Newbern,  and  24  from 
Waynefborough. 

KingfioKy  a  towiiflilp  in  I..uzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania.       It  has  j^"^  inhabitants. 

KimrJIoH,  a  village  in  Talbot  co.  Tvlary- 
land,fituated  on  the  eallern  fide  of  Chop- 
tank  river,  4  miles  below  the  Foiks. 

KiiigJloM,  U.  Canada,  is  in  about  44  8 
of  N  lat.  and  75  41  of  W  Ion.  is  fit- 
iiated  at  the  head  of  the  St.  LawTence,  on 
the  N  flioic,  oppohte  Wolf  ifiand.  It 
occupies  tlie  fcite  of  old  tort  Frontenac, 
•was  laid  out  in  1784,  and  is  now  of 
conliderable  iir.c.  It  has  a  barrack  for 
troops,  a  hoiife  for  the  connnanding  olli- 
cer,  an  hofpital,  feveral  ftoie  houfes,  and 
an  epifcopal  church,  of  the  eflal)lifiied 
religion.  The  ruins  of  the  French 
works  are  yet  to  be  feeu,  as  well  as  that 
of  a  breaftwork  thrown  up  by  General 
Bradftreet,  on  the  i\  fide  of  the  town. 
It  has  an  excellent  harbour,  where  the 
Icings  flipping  on  lake  Ontario  for  the 
mofi:  part  winter.  JSii^rge  velfels  feld(;ra 
go  below  Kmgfton,  although  it  is  na\  iga- 
h\c  to  orvregatchic  about  70  miles  dov»n 


the  river;  the  ft;ores,provifious,  &c.Whic!i 
are  lodged  in  the  depot  at  thi.s  place  be- 
ing ufually  tranfportcd  there  in  boats 
fro)n  Montreal.  About  Kingdon  there  are 
feveriU  valuable  quarries  of  limeflone,  and 
tlie  country,  in  general  is  rather  ftony, 
which  Ks  not  found  detrimental  to  the 
crop.s.  It  is  200  miles  S  of  Montreal,  and 
150  northward  of  Niagara.  Targe  vellcls 
go  no  farther  than  this  place  ;  thence  to 
i\'iagara,  -&c.  (lored  and  merchandize  are 
conveyed  in  boats.  lS::';yih. 

KhigjlGii  '■Ti}'u'njh''p,  U.  C'laada,  is  the 
fourteenth  upperinoft  tov.'nihif)  in  afcend- 
ing  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  in  the  co.  of 
Fiontinac,  and  hcs  partly  open  to  lake 
Ontario.  Smyth. 

IQpgjhn,  the  capital  of  tlie  illand  of  St. 
Vincents,  in  tlie  W.  Indies,  and  the  feat  of 
government,  hes  at  the  head  of  a  bay  of 
tiie  fame  name,  on  the  S  W  fl.ure  of  the 
illand,  in  St.  George's  parifli. 

Kiiigjlutiylhe  capital  of  the  ifiand  of  Ja- 
njaica,  Hi  the  W.  Indies,  is  fitnatcd  on  the 
N  fide  of  a  beautiful  harbour,  having  Port 
Royal  on  the  N  E,  and  Spanifli  Town  on 
the  S  W,  and  \va:i  found-ed  in  1693  ;  v/hcn 
repeated  deiolaticn^  by  earthouakes  and 
fi-re  had  driven  the  inliiibitants  from  Port 
Royal.  It  contains  i66j  houfes,  befide 
negro  huts  and  warehoufes.  In  1788, 
j  the  v/hite  inhabitants  amounted  to  6539; 
free  people  of  colour  3280  ;  and  flaves 
16,659  ;  in  all  26,478.  It  is  a  place  of 
great  trade  and  opulence.  Many  of  the 
houfes  in  the  upper  part  of  the  town  are 
extremely  magr.ihcent ;  a«(i  tlie  markets 
for  butchers'  meat,  turtle,  filh,  poultry, 
fruits,  and  vegetables,  inferior  to  none. 
It  is  the  retidence  of  the  moftconfiderable 
merchants,  whofe  fliips  load  and  unload 
here.  Upon  an  average  of  20  years, 
the  fliips  that  go  out  annually  from  this 
port  amount  to  4C0.  N  lat.  17  ST  Z'^^'^ 
Ion.  76  2,^' 

Kingjirect  a  poft  town  in  Williamlbor- 
ough  CO.  S.  Carolina,  480  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

King  William,  a  county  of  Virginia,  be- 
tween Mattapony  and  Pamunky  rivers. 
It  is  47  miles  long  and  15  broad,  and  con- 
tjiins  5744  tree  inhabitants,  and  33 11 
Haves.     At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poll  office. 

Kingtvoody  a  townlhip  in  Huntingdon 
CO.  N,  jeriey,  containing  2446  inha!)itants, 
including  104  flaves.  It  is  about  s  miles 
below  Alexandria,  and  15  S  W  of  Leba- 
non. Alfo  the  name  of  a  fmaii  river  of  N . 
Jerfey. 

KirfaUj  a  poft  town  of  Vir^'iiia,  16  miles 

from 


KNI 


KNO 


frotft  WefhTiorelanu  court  houfe,  and  i% 
from  Northumberland  court  houfe. 

Khtfon,  a  poft  town,l.euoir  co.  N.  Car- 
oli«a,  390  miles  from  Waflilngtoa. 

Kioanon  Point,  called  in  feme  maps,  Kike 
ionec,  is  the  extremity  of  a  large  peninfula 
which  projects  far  into  the  S  iide  of  Lake 
Superior. 

Kiontona,  an  Indian  town  on  Conewango 
river,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  1 1  miles  north- 
erly from  its  mouth  in  Alleghany  river. 

Kijbtac,  an  ifland  on  the  N  W  coall  of  N. 
Am.erica,  lies  E  of  Foggy  Cape,  on  the  S  E 
fide  of  the  peninfula  of  Aiafka,and  on  that 
part  of  it  oppofite  the  head  of  Briftol  Bay, 
on  the  N  W  fide  of  the  peninfula.  It  is 
alfo  oppofite  the  mouth  of  Cook's  river. 

Kijkemanitas  River,  is  a  branch  of  Alle-* 
gliany  river,  into  which  it  empties  in  N 
lat.  40  40,  in  Weflmoreland  co,  Pennfyl- 
vania. Its  head  waters  are  Little  Cone- 
maugh  and  Stone  creek.  After  their  junc- 
tion it  is  called  Conemaugh  river.  It  then 
receives  Black  Lick  from  the  N  E,  and 
17  miles  from  its  mouth  Loyalhannon 
Creek  enters  from  the  S  S  E,  after  which 
it  is  called  Kificemanitas  river.  It  is  nav- 
igable for  batteaux  40  or  50  miles,  and 
good  portages  are  found  between  it  and 
JuMilatta  and  Potowmac  rivers.  Coal  and 
fait  are  difcovered  in  the  vicinity  of  thefe 
rivers. 

Kittanincr,  a  fettlement  in  Pennfylvania, 
•n  the  E  fide  of  Alleghany  river,  56  miles 
northward  of  Pittfburgh. 
>  Kittatin?i\  Mountains,  a  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains,  which  runs  through  the 
northern  parts  of  N.  Jerfey  and  Pennfyl- 
vania. 

Kitfery,  a  townfhip  in  York  co.  Maine, 
incorporated  in  1653,  and  confifts  of  3 
pariflies,  containing  3114  inhabitants.  Jt 
is  fituated  between  Pifcataqua  and  York 
rivers,  67  miles  northerly  of  Bofton.  In 
this  town  is  Sturgeon  Creek,  called  fo  from 
the  plenty  of  that  fiOi,  in  the  mouth  of  the 
creek  at  the  firfl  fettlement  of  the  coun- 
try ;  but  there  have  been  none  found  for 
thefe  many  years  part:.  This  creek  is  fa- 
mous in  the  hiflorv  of  the  firft  fettlers 

Kiitsy  St.     See  Si.  Chriflophers. 

Knijleneaux,  a.  tribe  of  Indians  widely  ex- 
tended over  the  N  part  of  ^I.  America. 
Their  language  is  fimilar  to  the  Aigon- 
quins  who  inhabit  the  waters  of  St,  Law- 
rence, and  the  coafl  of  I^abrador.  Their 
drefs  is  fimple  and  commodious,  their  wo- 
men are  the  moO:  comely  of  fa  vagcs.  I'hefe 
people  are  fubjcol  to  but  few  diforders. 
They  are  mild  and  affable,  jufl  to  one  an- 
Vov.1.  li 


I  other,  and  hofpitable  to  ftrongerc-  Cmok-^ 
j  ing  precedes  all  afiairs  of  confequence. 
This  facred  rite  is  never  prcphaned  ;  it 
obligations  are  indifpenfcible.  It  fettles  all 
differences  between  contending  parties. 
No  perfon  is  allowed  to  join  in  the  folem- 
nity,  who  has  cohabited  with  a  Woman 
within  24  hours.  They  lay,  "  he  is  un- 
clean." At  their  funerals,  the  mourners 
cut  off  their  \ydir,  lacerate  their  flefli, 
blacken  their  faces,  bury  the  mofl  valua- 
ble property  of  the  deceafed,  deftroy  what 
remains,  that  it  may  not  pain  tliem  by- 
bringing  him  to  remembrance  ;  widow* 
fometiraes  facrifice  themfelves  v/ith  their 
departed  hufbands.  Families  have  domef- 
tic  gods,  which  are  carved  images  about 
8  inches  long  ;  thefe  they  treat  with  the 
mod  fuperftitious  regard.  Chaflity  is  no 
virtue  with  thefe  people  ;  they  exchange 
wives,  or  ofisr  them  to  ftrangers  as  atfis 
of  hofpitality.  Inceft  and  beftiality  are 
common  among  them.  So  wicked,  fo  bru- 
tal are  tlie  m.oft  amiable  tribes  of  men,  not 
enlightened  by  the  gofpel  of  Jefus  Chrifb. 

K/rob  Lick,  in  Mercer  co,  Kentucky,  li«s 
15  miles  S  E  of  Karrodllown,  and  about 
12  foutherly  of  Danville. 

Knoivlton,  a  townlliip  in  SufTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  containing  1937  inhabitants. 

Knox,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  containing 
1 119  inhabitants. 

Knox,  a  county  in  Teneflec,  KarrJltou 
diftricS,  bounded  on  the  S  by  Biount  co- 
W  by  the  Indiana  Territory  ;  it  is  water- 
ed by  the  rivers  IFolif on  and  Clinch.  It 
contains  11,981  inhabitants,  of  whomt 
iiaz  are  flaves. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  Indiana  Territo- 
ry', erected  June  20,  1790.  "Beginning 
at  the  Standing  Stone  Forks  of  the 
Great  Miami  river,  and  down  the  faid 
river,  to  its  ccnfiuence  v^'ith  the  Ohio 
river  ;  thence  with  the  Ohio  to  the  fmall 
rivulet  above  fort  MafTac  ;  thence  with 
the  caftern  boundary  line  of  St.  Clair  co. 
to  the  mouth  of  the  liitle  Michi'imscki- 
nack;  thence  up  the  lilincis  river  to  the 
forks  or  confluence  of  the  Theakiki  ard 
Chikagc  ;  thence  by  a  line  to  be  drawn 
due  N  to  the  ho'indary  line  of  the  terri- 
tory of  the  United  States,  and  fo  far  eall- 
erly  up<m  faidbound'irv  asttiat  a  due  S  lin^ 
may  be  drawn  to  the  place  of  beginning.''' 
It  contains  2517  inhaliitants,  of  whom  28 
are  flaves.  Fort  Knox  is  in  the  fame 
territory.  -< 

Kvox^  one  of  Ingraham's  i Hands.  Capt. 
Ingraiwim  difcoverd  two  illanus,  which 
he  called  Kii^  and  Hancah,  which  Capt. 

Roberts, 


LAB 


LA 


Roberts,  foon  after  difcovering,  called 
Freeman  and  Latigdon.  Thefe  iflands  had 
every  appearance  of  fertility.  Their 
latitude  is  from  8  3,  to  8  5  S,  and  their 
longitude  very  nearly  141  W  from  Green- 
wich. 

Knoyv'tlle^  3.  pofl:  town,  the  metropolis 
of  the  State  of  Teneffee,  lituated  in  Knox 
CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  Holfton  river,  where 
it  is  300  yards  in  Vv'idth,  on  a  beautiful 
fpot  of  ground,  22  miles  above  the  junc- 
tion of  Holfton  river  with  the  Tenefiee, 
and  4  below  the  mouth  of  French  Broad 
river.  It  is  flouriiliing,  and  enjoys  a  com- 
munication v,-ith  every  part  of  thelJnited 
States  by  poft.-  It  is  regularly  laid  out, 
and  contains  T18  inhabitants,  a-  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  barracks  large  enough  to 
contain  700  men.  The  fupreme  courts 
of  law  and  equity;  for  tlie  diftrict  of 
Hamilton,  are  held  here  half  yearly,  and 
the  courts  of  pleas  and  quarter  fellions 
for  Knox  co.  are  held  here.  A'  college 
has  been  eftabliflied  here  bv  government, 
called  Blount  College.  It  is  32  miles  N 
of  Tellico  Block  houfe  ;  200  S  E  by  S  of 
Frankfort,  in  Kentucky  ;  485  W  by  S  of 
Richmond,  in  Virginia  ;  ancl  728  S  weft- 
crly  of  Philadelphia,  lat.  35  4/2,  N. 

KoJ/ac,  2in  ifland  on  the  fouthern  fliore 
of  the  peninfula  of  Atafka,  on  the  N^  W.- 
coaft ;  which  fee. 

Kortr;<<r/jf,a.  pofl  town  in  Delaware  co. 
N.  York;  has  15 13  inhabitants. 

Koyaht,  a  fmall  ifle  at  the-  S  end  of 
V/arnington's  Ific,  at  the  entrance  of  a 
flrait  feparatingafmallifle  from  thelarQieO:. 

Kris,  Indians  inhabiting  the  banks  of 
Lake  Chriftineaux.  They  can  raife  1,20a 
warriors. 

Kuipgc,  or  F,ugar  ToKvn,  a  little  Chero- 
kee town  in  the  vale  of  Keowe. 

Kiirratiinh  Fulls,  in  Kcnnebeck  river. 
It  is  the  firft  that  defence  the  name  of 
Falls  in  afcending  Kennebeck  R.  a*ld  are 
about  1 30  miles  from  its  movth,  and  about 
half  way  between  Seven  Mile  brook  and 
Auflin's  bronk. 

Kyuqtiot,  a  large  found  or  bay  on  the  N. 
'VV.  coafl  of  N.  America,  having  Rol)trt3 
Ifland  on  the  one  fide.  N  l.it.  50,  W  Ion. 
217  SO. 


L 


ABI^ADOR,  Terra  J\;  one  of  the 
northern  countries  of  America,  calk  d  al- 
fo  Kfnnimaux,  r.nd  is  comprehended  in 
New  Britain  ;  bounded  N  by  Kudfon's 
tftrait,  S  by  p^art  cf  I>ov.xr  Canada  and 


the  river  St.  Lawrence,  W  by  HuufonV 
Bay,  N  E  by  the  Ocean  and  Davis's  IStraits, 
and  E  by  the  Stiaitsof  BelUHe  and  the 
Gulf  of  bt.  Lawrence.  The  coaft  is  rocky, 
and  interfperfed  with  innumerable  ifles. 
The  only  attempt  to  trade  with  Labrador, 
has  l)eeudiie<5led  toward  the  iilliery ;  tlie 
annual  produce  of  which,  amounts  to  up- 
wards ot  £  49,oco  fieri.  i;jie  inhabitants, 
whole  number  is  unknown,  hunt  for  fur* 
and  Ikins.  The  Moravian  Brethren  main- 
tain a  communication  with  their  milTion 
on  the  coaft  of  Labrador.  The  prop- 
erty oftheir  llupis  divided  into  fliares  of 
£  10  only,  with  the  fupply  intended  for 
the  brethren  :  articles  are  fent  for  traffic 
with  the  natives,  enabling  them  to  bring 
back  cargoes  that  have  af%rded  them 
not  always  a  dividendof  more  than  the  in- 
terefl  of  the-  capital  employed;  Sec ' NtxM 
Britain. 

LaLrridor,^  large  Iake;:which  by  its  nu- 
merous branches  forms  a  water  commu- 
nication through  great  part  of  the  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton.  In  fome  maps  it  is 
called  St.  Peter's  I>ake. 

LacbatvaTimck.,  a  mountain  in  the  nort^ 
v.«eflern  part  of  Pcnnfylvania. 

Lachuivanvochy  a  towiifliip  in  Luzerne 
CO.  I^nnfylvania„  • 

Lack,  a  townfliip  in-  MifTiin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  having  1071  inhabitants. 

La  Cole,  a  river  which  falls  into  Lake 
Ghnmplain  from  the  W,  5  milefs  S  S  W 
oi  Nut  Ifland,  after  a  fliort  courfe. 

Lacomic^  a  fmall  cpeek  which  empties 
through  the  W  bank  of  Alleghany  R. 
in  Pennfylvania,oppofite  Licking  CYeek^ 
a  fhort  diflance  below   fort  Franklin. 

Laconla.  The  tract  of~land  extend- 
ingfrom  the^river  Merrimack  to  Sagada- 
Kock,  and  from  the. ocean  to  the  lakes  and  - 
rivers  of  Canada,  v/ent  under  this  nam.e, 
in  th*^  gr.mt  of  lands  in  1622,  from  the. 
council  of  Piymoutli  4:0  Gapt.  Mafon  and" 
Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges. 

Ladles  IJland,  a  fmall  ifland  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, near  Port  Royal. 

La  Francbe,  U.  Canada,  now  called'  th*' 
Thames. 

Z^:^op«,oneof  tlie  new  difcovefcd  ifland-? 
iu  t'-.c  South  Sea.       Captain  Cook  vifited  • 
it.  in  1769.     Slat.    18  47,  W  Ion.  from 
Greenwich  139  28. 

Lagvna,  a  town  of  Peru,  fituated  oa 
Amazon  river,  S  K  of  the  town  of  Borja. 

Za  Guayra,  a  maritime  fortified  town 
in  Caraccas,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma^ 
This  town,  and  Puerto  Cabcla  are  the 
chief  in  the  proviuc(;, 

Lamr 


I-'A'TSr 


LAN" 


^aie  of  the    tioo   moi/ntains^    a  piece  of  i 
waicr  weflerly  from  Montreal,  properly  ' 
.  the  mouth  of  Ottawa  river,  20  miles  long,  I 
5  broad.     It  is  furrounded  hy  cultivated  I 
fields  of  the  Iroquois,  and  Al^^onquin  In-  • 
dians,  whofe  village    ftands  011  a  delight- 
ful point  of  land,  which  extends  into  the 
Lake.      Each  tribe    has  a  Roman  Catho- 
:l'.c   Miilionary.      They     attend     public 
vvorfliip  in  the  fairte  church.     Their  paf- 
tors  have -taught  them  reading  and  writ- 
ing.    Their  warrriors  are  about  500. 

Lake  afth.'. Woods.    .See  Woods. 

La  Moelle,  a  large  river  in  the  N  W 
part  of  Vermont.  Its  general  courib  is 
weflerly:  after  running  about  75  miles, 
and  receiving  14  lelfer  ftreams,  it  falls  in- 
to L.  Champlain  at  Colchcftcr,  5  miles 
N.  of  the  mouth  of  Gniou  river,  a-nd  is 
of  about  the  fame  mngnitude. 

Lam[)iiyeque,  a  town  on. the  road  from 
Guayaquil  to  Lima  in  Peru,  four  leagues 
from  Morrope.  It  conlifcs  of  about 
1500  boufes,  built  of  dilTcrent  materliils, 
but  in  general  of  unburnt  bricks.  The 
meanelt  of  the  houfcs  are  the  habitations 
of  the  Indians,  which  confi;^  entirely  of 
canes.  Tiie  number  of  its  inli^bitunts 
amounts  to  above  30,000,  fomeof  \yJbiom 
are  opulent  ;  but  the  generality  are  poor 
Spaniards,  Mulattoes,  Meftizoes,  and  In- 
dians. It  has  a  large  and  elegant  ftone 
church.  It  is  the  refidence  of  a  corregi- 
dor,  having  under  his  jurifdicSlion,  beflde 
many  other  towns,  that  of  Morrope. 
One  of  the  two  ofF,cers  of  the  revenue 
appointed  forTruxillo,  alfo  refides  here. 
.3  lat.  6  41  37,  \V  Ion.  76  15. 

Lampa,  a  jurifdi(5lion  of  Cisfco,  in  Peru, 
in  S.  America.  It  begins  about  30 
leagues  fouth  of  the  city  of  Cufco  :  and 
i«  the  principal  province  included  under 
the  name  of  Callao.  'Here  are  excellent 
.paflures  and  filver  mines.  The  air  is 
■V€ry  cold. 

Lampeter,  a  townfliip  in  ^Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  2028  inhabitants. 

Lamprey  River^  a  water  of  Great  Bay, 
'in  N.  ilampfliirc. 

Lancajier^  a  diftridl  of  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 5012  inhabitants  of  whom  1076 
are  flavcs. 

Lancafer,  a  poft  town  in  Gerrard  co. 
Kentucky,  621  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Laiicnjier,  a  populous  and  wealthy  co. 
in  the  interior  part  of  Pennfylvania,  ex- 
tending S  to  the  Maryland  line.  It  is 
about  42  miles  fquare,  is  divided  into  25 
tovvnfltips  and  contains  566,240  acres  of 
■land,  and  43,403  iuhabitants,  including 


178  flavcs.  The  lands  in  this  courfty 
are  rich  and  well  cultivated.  The  hills 
in  the  northern  parts  abound  with  iron 
ore  ;  for  the  manufaCluring  which,  2  fur- 
naces and  8  fi;rgC3  have  been  erected. 
The  furnaces  manufacSfcure  about  izco 
tons  of  pigs  and  nearly  tifat  number  of 
bar  iron  annually.  Copper  and  lead, 
and  abundance  of  limeftone  have  aJib 
been  found  here. 

Lanctif.sr,  a  countv  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed E  by  Chctapeak  Bay,  and  S  W  by 
Rappahannock  river.  It  is  about  40 
miles  lou^,  and  15  broad,  and  contains 
;2  249  free  inhabitants,  and  3126  fiaves. 
7'he  lands  of  this  county  are  generally 
poor.  At  the  court  houle  is  a  poft  office. 

Lancajicr^  Borough  cf^  a  handlome  and 
Hourilliing  poft  town,  tiie  capital  of  Tan- 
cafier  county,  ^Pcnnrylvania,  and  the 
largell  inland  town  of  thc^United  States. 
It  is  pleafantly  lltuated  upon  the  defctnt 
of  a  hill,  a  mile  and  a  halt  W  of,Conefto- 
ga  creek,  which  falls  into  Sufquehanna 
rivtir,  9  miles  S  by  W  of  the  town.  Its 
trade  is  ahtadygrent,  and  muft  incrcafe, 
in  proportion  as  the  furrcur.ding  country 
populates.  It  Gonlains  about  900  houf- 
es  chiefly  of  brick  andTtone.  I'he  legif- 
lature  meets  here  till  a  permanent  feat 
of  government  fliall  be  eflabliined.  The 
public  buildings  ate  a  handfome  court 
houfe  of  brick,  a  market  houfe  of  the  fame 
materials,  and  a  ftrong  flone  gaol.  Here 
are6  places  of  worfiiip,for  as  many  differ- 
ent perfuafions,  viz.  German  Lutherans, 
German  Calvinifts,  P:efl;yterians,  Epif- 
copalians,  Moravians,  and  Roman  Cath- 
olics. The  German  Lutheran  cinirch  is 
a  large  brick  building,  having  an  organ, 
and  a. handfome  Ipirc  ;  the  others  are  of 
brick,  and  are  neat  and  con^modiou* 
buildings.  'J'heonly  manufaclures  here 
are  carried  on  by  individuals'  There 
are  3'brevveries,  and  2  or  3  valuable  tan- 
neries. Fr3nklin  college  is  eftabliilied 
here  for  the  Germans.  Its  endov.nicnts 
arc  nearly  the  fame  as  thofe  of  Dickinfon 
college  at  :CarlIfle.  Its  truftecs  conlift  of 
Lutherans,  Calvinifts,  Prefbyterians,  and 
hpifcopalians ;  of  each  an  equal  num- 
ber. The  principal  is  a  Lutheran,  and 
the  vice  preiident  a  Caivinift.  It  is  58 
miles  as  the  new  turnpike  road  runs,  W 
by  N  of  Philadelphia,  and  31  from  Read- 
ing.    N  lat.  40  3,  Wlon.  76  20. 

Lancajler^  a  pofl  town  of  S.  Carolina, 
36  miles  from  Camden,  and  47  from 
Charlotte,  N.  Carolina. 

LaniaJierfZ  plcalaat  poft  to;vn,in  Wor- 


LAN 


LAR 


ccfler  CO.  MalTachufetts,  the  oldef!  in  the 
county,  fettled  in  1645,  and  incorporated 
in  1653.  ^1^  ^s  fjtuuted  on  a  branch  of 
Nailiua  river,  which  empties  into  the 
Merrimack  It  is  ,^6  ir»ilc3  W  N  W  of 
Bofton,  a'nd  14  N  by  E  of  Worcefter. 
The  lands  of  the  tov/nfiiip,  and  thofe  of 
S'terling  on  the  S  W  arc  part  of  the  travSt 
called  N(Uo:i-u}ogg  by  the  Indians-  I'he 
pleafantncfs  of  this  town  lias  invited  ma- 
ny pcrfons  of  education  and  fortune  to 
rehde  here.  In  the  ^  eafterly  part  of 
Lancafter,  there  is  a  valuable,  and  per- 
haps iaexhauftible  flate  pit,  fumifhing 
ilates  for  houfes,  and  excellent  ftoues  for  t 
tombs  and  graves.  No  dales  equal  to 
thefe  have  yet  been  difeovcrcd  in  the 
United  States.  Thefe  are  fent  to  Boflon, 
and  exported  to  N.  Yort;,  Virginia,  &c.  , 
Two  principal  branches  of  Nalhua  river, 
over  v/hich  are  9  large  b-  idges,  water 
this  town,  and  have  on  their  banks  excel- 
lent interval  land.-  Cumberry  pond  in 
this  town  is  obferved  to  rife  as  uiuch  as 
two  feet,  jnft  before  a  ftorm  ;  and  Sandy 
pond  rifts  in  a  dry  feafon.  It  contaius 
I J  84  inhabitants. 

Lancafrer^  a  poft  tQwn  in  Grafton  CO. 
JJ.  Hampfliire,  oil  the  E  bank  of  Con- 
iiecxicut  river,  about  4^  miies  above 
Hauovcr.  It  was  incorporated  in  1763. 
3n  1775  it  contained  61  inhabitants,  iri 
1790,  r6i,  and  in  1800,  440. 

Lancjfcr,  the  capital  of  Fairiield  CQ. 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  fituated  on  the 
Hockhockiug  River. 

Lancaf,£r  the  "Toivnjh'ip  ofyXn  U.  Canada, 
is  in  Glcngary  co.  on  the  Sc.  Lawrence, 
and  the  lowe(t  in  the  province  adjoining 
L.  Canada. 

Lance  JJles,  on  the  N  W  coafl  of  N. 
America,  he  ofFCape  Scott,  which  is  the 
fouthern  point  at  the  mouth  of  Pjntard's 
Sound,  oppofite  to  point  DiCappointment. 
There  is  a  narrow  channel  between  the 
Urgeftifleand  the  cape.  ^tcFintard's  Sound. 
L^rcekt^rojfe^  z  village  in  Louifiana,  on 
the  Miififippi,  below  St.  Louis. 

Landjjf,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
I^ampfliire.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1774,  and  contains  461  inhabitants. 

Land-guard,  Oil  Jake  Erie,  U.  Canada, 
(fornierly  Point  aux  Pins  ;)  this  place  is 
an  iat.  4a  7  15  N,  variation  a  48  W. 
There  is  a  pond  at  the  back  of  the 
point  ;  the  entrance  to  which  has  fome- 
times  a\  feet  water  on  the  bar  ;  on  the 
bank  qf  the  pond  is  an  old  Indian  village, 
from  whence  there  is  a  good  path  to  the 
;-vcr  Thanes.  '^)\zrt  is  a  great  rcfort  of 


Indians  to  this  place,  in  tht  fpring,  in- 
duced by  the  quantity  of  iifli  and  fowl, 
which  may  then  be  taken  here.  This 
point  is  about  20  miles  E  of  the  S.  Fore- 
land, and  bears  the  only  pine  timber  on 
this  coafl. 

Lditd^s  Heighty  in  N.  America,  is  the 
high  ground  on  the  chain  of  lakes  be- 
tween Lake  la  Plue  and  L.  Superior, 
where  there  is  a  portage  of  7  miles.  It 
is  80  miles  E  of  the  grand  portage  from 
the  W.  end  of  L.  Superior. 

Langdon^  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co.  N- 
Hampfliirc,  incorporated  in  1787,  and 
contains  484  inhabitants. 

Lancffjorcugh,  a  poft  town  in  Berkfliire 
cQ.  MaiTachufctts,  N  of  Pitts6eld  6  miles, 
ft  has  two.  quarries  qf  m^arblf,  and  con- 
tains 1443  inhabitants. 

Laiijinburgh.,  (city,)  in  the  tOWnfliip  of 
Troy,  RealValaer  cp.  N.  York,  is  very 
plcafai^tly  lltuated  on  the  E  bank  of 
Hudfou's  R.  oppofite  one  of  the  mouths 
of  the  Mohawk,  and  contains  about  250 
dwelling  houfes,  a  brick  church,  the 
joint  property  of  the  Dutch  and  Prefby- 
terian  congregation,  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
and  an  academy,  incorporated  in  1796. 
Here  is  a  Library  cpmpany  wkich  vva» 
incorporated  in  1775.  It  is  a  very  flour- 
iiliing  place,  fuuated  on  a  plain  at  the 
foot  of  a  hill,  from  the  top  of  which  is  a 
mofl  delightful  ptofpcA.  A  few  years 
:^go  thefe  was  but  one  ftagc  between  this 
town  and  Albany  ;  in  1796  2Q  H^ges 
daily  pafied  and  repalTed  between  the 
neighbouring  towns  of  Lanfinburgh, 
Troy,  Waterford,  and  Albany  ;  it  is  9 
miles  N  pf  Albany,  3  above  Troy. 

Lapis  ZasK//,  a  fmall  rock  furrounded 
with  and  almoin  covered  by  the  fea  on  tlic 
coaft  of  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  about  %  miles 
from  Monano  Ifland,  ^nd  fliews  th^  paf- 
fage  into  St.  John's  river. 

La  Plate.      See  Paraguay. 

Larve  Reck,  Hes  on  the  S  bank  of  Ohio 
R.  in  the  traifl  called  Indiana,  and  near- 
ly opppfitc  the  m,outh  of  Muflcingum  R. 

Large  Ifland,  one  of  the  largcfl  illandl^ 
on  the  Labrador  coaft,  due  W  of  the 
mouth  of  Shccatica  Bay. 

Large  Whitcjlone  Lake,  in  N.  America, 
between  Iat.  66  and  67  N,  and  between 
Ion.  117  and  118  W,  is  about  40  miles 
long.  A  ftream  from  the  N  W  part  of 
this  lake,  it  is  faid,  is  the  main  branch 
of  Copper  mine  river. 

Larkaxas,  a  province  of  La  Paz,  and 
audience  of  Charcas  in  Peru.  It  lies  adja- 
cent to  the  territories  of  the  jurifdidtioa 

©I 


lau 


Law 


e^f  L^.psz,  and  to  the  N  of  that  city,  ex-  j! 
tending  1 18  leagues  from  Etc  Wand  n 
about  30  from  N  to  S.  It  abounds  in  j] 
goid  mines,  the  metal  of  which  is  of  fo  fine  II 
a  quality,  that  its  ftandard  is  23  carats  r 
and  3  grains.  _     .    .      I 

Latamnaa^   Afftento   of^  the    firft  jurirdic-  % 
tkni  S  of  that  of  Quito,     'llie  word  ajjlento  ji 
implies  a  place  \c^^  than  a  town,  but  larg-  I! 
er  than  a   village,     it  (lands   oy    a  wide  jj 
plain,  having  on  its  eaft  fide  the  eallera  ji 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  from  which  pro- 
jects a  very  high  mountain  ;  and  at   a 
Imall  diilauce    from   its  foot   is  fituated 
I.atacunga  in  $5   ^4  3^  ^  lat.     On  its  W 
fule  is  a  river,  which  is  fometimes  forda- 
bie,   but   generally  pafled  over  a  bridge. 
This    ailieuto  is  large   and  regular,   the 
jftreecs  broad  and    fti-aight,  the  houics  of 
Ibone,   arched,  and   well    contrived,  one 
ftory  high.     This  precaution    the  inhab- 
itants  were  taught  to  obierve  by  a  dread- 
ful deftructlon  of  all  the  buildings,  on  the 
aoth  of  June,  1699.     Out   of  600  ftone 
h/)ufe3,  which  the  aiTiento  then  coatained, 
only  a  part  of  one,  and  the  Jefuit'ii  church, 
were  left  {landing,  and  mofh  of  the  inhab- 
itants were    buried  in  the   ruins.      The 
flone  of  which  the  houies  and  churches 
are  bui^t,  is  a  kind  of  pumice,  or  fpongy 
ftone,  ejtcTfed  from  volcanoes  ;  which  have 


bourhood.    It  is  fo  light,  that  it  will  fwin; 
\V}.  the  water,  and  from  its  great  poroiity 
the  lime  cements  the  different  pieces  very   j; 
firongly  together.     This  jurifdiction  con-   ji 
tains    17    principal  villages,     'i'he  air  of  i| 
the  affiento  is  colder  from  the  place  being   !{ 
only  6  iea^jue?  from  the.  mountain  of  Co-   | 
topad  ;  wxiich  as  It  is  not  lefs  in  height  or  |i 
extent  than   thofe    of  Chimborazo    and  i; 
Caymburo,  fo,like  them,  it  is  covered  with 
-ice  and  fnow.     The  villages  ate  populous  ; 
fuch  as  are  feated  in  the  vaihes   are  hot, 
thofe  In  the  plains  temperate,  whilfl  thofe 
which  border  on  the  mountain,  like  that 
of  the  affiento,  are  cold,  and  fometimes  to 
an   exceflive   degree.      The    inhabitants 
amount  to  about  ia,ooo,  chiefly  Spaniards 
and  Meftizoes.     Great  quantities  of  pork 
*«re  falted  here  and  fent  to  Quito,  Guaya- 
quil, and  RIobamba,  being  highly  valued  > 
for  the  peculiar   flavour  given  it  in  the  j 
pickling.     The  rnanufadlures  are  thofe  of 
cloth,  baize,  and  tucuyos.     The  inhabit- 
ants  of  Puglii,  and   Saqulfili,  are  noted 
for  making  earthen  ware,  highly  valued 
all  over  the  province  of  Quito.     The  clay 
of  which  they  are  made  is  of  a  lively  red, 
ysmarlisbly  Lne,  ccaitting  c  ^du^i  Qi  frag- 


rahcy,  and  the   workn\anfhip  ve^'v  ff^ 
and  ingenious. 

Laurel  Mouutain,  a  range  of  mountains 
welhvard  of  the  Alleghany  ridge,  and 
a  part  of  what  is  called  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  It  extends  from  Pcnnl'ylvania 
to  N.  Carolina,  and  gives  rife  to  feveral 
branches  of  tiie  Ohio  R.  The  great  Kan- 
haway  breaks  through  the  Laurel  Ridge 
In  its  way  to  tiie  Ohio,  in  N  lat.  38  30,  W 
Ion.  81  19.  In  a  fpur  of  this  mountain, 
about  lat.  36,  is  a  fpring  of  water,  50  feec 
deep,  very  cold,  and,  it  is  faid,  as  blue  as 
indigo.  The  lands  within  a  fmall  dillance 
of  the  Laurel  Mountain,  through  which 
tlie  Youghiogany  runs,  are  in  many  places 
broken  and  fiony,  but  lich  and  well  tim- 
bered ;  a:id  in  fome  places,  and  particu- 
larly tm  Laurel  Creek,  they  are  rocky 
yjid  mountainous.  i-'rom  the  Laurel 
Alouniain  to  Monongahcla.  the  firft  7 
iiilles  are  good,  level,  farming  lands,  with 
f;ne  meadows ;  the  fimber,  white  oak, 
chei'nut,  hickory,  &c. 

Laivrmce  River  and  Gulf,  St.  St.  Law- 
rence is  one  of  the  largcfl  rivers  in  N. 
America.  It  iffues  from  Lake  Ontario, 
forming  the  outlet  of  the  long  chain  of 
great  lalcrs,  which  feparate  U.  Canada 
from  the  United  States.  From  Lake 
Ontario  to  Montreal  it  has  the  name  of 
Iroquois,  and  taking  a  northeafl  courfe 
embofoms  the  illand  of  Alontreal ;  jufl 
i  above  which  it  receives  Ottawa  or  Grand 
K..  from  the  W,  and  forms  many  fertile 
\  ifiands.  From  Montreal  it  affumes  the 
I  name  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  continuing 
the  fame  courfe  palles  by  Qnebec,  and 
meets  the  tide  upwards  of  .^00  miles  from 
the  fea,  and  is  fo  far  navigable  for  large 
veffels.  Having  received  in  its  courfe 
befide  Ottawa,  St.  John's  Seguina,  Def- 
praires,  Trois  Rivieres,  and  innumerable 
other  fmaller  (Ireams,  it  fails  into  the 
ocean  at  Cape  Rolieras,  by  a  mouth  about 
90  miles  broad,  in  which  is  the  illand  oC 
Anticofli.  In  its  courfe  it  forms  a  great 
variety  of  bays,  liarbours,  and  ifiands, 
many  of  them  fruitful  and  extremely 
pleafant.  The  St.  Lawrence  may  be 
claffed  with  the  moll  noble  rivers  la 
the  world  ;  its  waters  ilow  jooo  miles  be- 
fore they  reach  the  ocean  :  the  commer- 
cial advantages  from  fuch  a  lituation  in- 
creafe  in  proportion  to  the  population  of 
its  banks.  The  Indian  trade,  in  a  great 
meafure,  takes  its  current  down  the  St. 
Lawrence,  particularly  fmce  vefu'Is  of  a 
confiderable  lize  are  conllantly  building 
for  the  navigation  of  the  lakes.    Smyth. 


£  E  B' 


L^-E 


t^tvrencs,  Sl  a  county  of  N.  York,  in  the 
N  W  corner  of  the,  ftate,  on  the  S  E  bank 
of  St.  Lawrence  R.  intcrfedled  by  a  num- 
;ber  of  confiderable  rivers.  It  is  divided 
into  the  townlliips  of  MafTena,  Madrid, 
Lilbon,  and  Ofwegatchie,  in  which  lall 
are  tiie  lake  and  river  of  the  fame  name. 
X3^rafs,  Racket  and  St  Regis  rivers,  pais 
-through  the  northern  part  of  this  county 
into  the  S^  Lawrcace. 

Laurens,  a  diltridt  of  S.  Carolina,  lying 
-between  Enoree  and  Saluda  rivers.  It  is 
about  31  miles  long,  and  22  broa^,  and 
contains  12,809  inhabitaiits,  J919  of  whom 
-are  flaves. 

Laurens  Court  Houfe,  in  the  above  CO.  rs 
10  miles  from  Buili  R.  32  from  Newbury 
court  houic,  and  40  from  Greenville. 
Here  is  a  poll  office. 

Laivrencsy  Fort,  is  a  little  above  the 
eroding  place  pf  Tufcarawas,  a  branch  of 
Mufkingum    river. 

Laivrer.ce  Tozvn,  a  thinly  fettled  agrir 
cultural  tovvnlhip,a  few  miles  to  the.eail- 
wardof  Halifax -in  Nova  Scotia. 

Laurent  of  the  Mine,  St.  a  fettlement  i^. 
the  illand  of  St.  Domingo,  near  the  Spanifli 
capital,  St.  Domingo.  It  Hands  in  the 
place  where  the  capital  was  firfl  founded, 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  Ozaraa,  and  about  a 
quarter  of  a  league  from  its  confluence 
with  the  Ifabella.  It  can  only  be  conhd- 
cred  as  a  dependency  on  St.  Domingo, 
and  contains  300  inhabitants,  all  free  ne- 
groes, forming  a  cure.  It  was  formed  in 
i723,  by  128  runaway  French  negroes, 
who  being  fent  down  to  the  bay  of  Ocoa 
to  be  fliipped  ofF,  the  Spaniards  attacked 
the  efcort,  and  gave  arms  to  the  fugitives, 
Hiaintaining  that  they  were  free  men. 

Laxvunak  Hantwck,  a  Moravian  fettle- 
ment nearly  oppofite  Gofhgoflaink,  on 
Alleghany  R.  and  20  miles  N  E  of  Fort 
Franklin. 

Lazarusy  Archipelago  of,  St.  See  De 
fonte. 

Leacocl,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  containing  2022  inhab- 
itants. 

Leafburgh,  the  chief  town  of  Cafvvell  co. 
N.  CaroUna.  It  contains  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  a  few  houfes. 

Lebanon,  a  poft  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
©n  the  E  fide  of  Salmon  Fall  river,  100 
tniles  N  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1767,  and  contained  in  1790,  1275  inhab- 
itants. A  fpecies  of  ftone  is  found  here 
which  yields  copperas  and  fulphur. 

Lebanon,  Neiv,  a  pleafant  village  in 
Caaaat«>  N.  York,  bordering  oa  Pittsfield, 


Maflachufetts,  fituated  partly  in  51  vsfle^ 
and  partly  on  the  declivity  of  hill*. 
The  medicinal  fprings  here  are  next  ia 
celebrity  to  thofe  of  Ball  town,  Saratoga. 
The  pool  is  iituated  on  a  ccmmanding  em- 
inence, overlooking  the  valley,  and  fur- 
rounded  with  a  few  hoi/fes  which  afford 
tolerable  accommodatic  cs  to  invalids.  The 
flream  from  the  fpring  is  fo  large,  that  -. 
a  few  rods  from  it  is  an  excellent  grift 
mill,  3  ftories  high. 

Lebanon,  a  pofl:  town  in  Windham  co. 
Connedlicut,  was  fettled  in  1697.  The 
foil  is  equal  to  almoft  any  in  the  State, 
and  the  inhabitants  are  generally  farmers^ 
many  of  whom  are  wealthy.  The  thick 
fettled  part  I'f  the  town  forms  a  very 
wide  ftreet,  and  the  houfes  are  at  confid- 
erable diflances  fi-om  each  other.  Acad^- 
emic  education  has  been  patronized  in 
this  place  for  above  90  years,  greatly  to 
the  honor  of  the  people.  The  river 
Shetucket  is  formed  by  the  junction  of 
Willamantic  and  Mount  Hope  rivers, 
which  unit«  aietween  this  town  and 
Windham.  It  lies  9  miles  N  of  Norwich, 
and  30  fouth  eaft  of  Hartford.  Inhab- 
4tants,  3652. 

Lebanon,  a  pofl  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
HampHiir€,on  Mufcomy  river,  and  on  th» 
E  hde  of  the  Connecticut,  2  miles  below 
Dartmouth  College.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1 761.  In  1775  it  contained  347  inhab- 
itants, in  1790, 1 1 80,  an£  in  1800,  1574. 
See  Mufcomy  Fond. 

Lebanon,  a  poU  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  Quitapahilla 
creek,  in  Dauphin  co.  About  a  mile  from, 
the  town  is  the  Sufquehanna  and  Schuyl- 
kill canal,  which  connects  this  creek  with 
the  Tulpehocken,  a  branch  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill. Lebanon  contains  about  300  houfei, 
regularly  built,  many  of  which  are  of 
hrick  and  ftone  ;  a  German  Lutheran  and 
a  Calvinift  church.  It  is  25  miles  E  by  N 
of  Harrifburg,  43  E  by  S  of  Carhfle,  and 
82  N  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Lee,  a  fmall  town  in  Strafford  co.  N. 
Hampilure,  about  iz  miles  N  of  Exe- 
ter. It  was'  formerly  part  of  Dover  and 
Durham,  and  was  incorporated  in  1766, 
It  contains  978  inhabitants. 

Lee,  Fort,  was  eredied  by  the  Americans 
during  the  late  war,  on  the  W  bank  of  N. 
river,  having  the  trad:  called  the  Enghfh 
Neighbourhood  on  the  N,  and  that  called 
Hoboken  on  the  fouthwfu-d,  in  N  lat.  40 
56,  and  about  9  miles  above  the  town  of 
Bergen.  The  Americans  had  2000  men  in 
garrifon  here  xvi  the  late  war,  bat  evacu-, 

atjed 


EE 


iE  I' 


ptcd  it  In  November,  1776,  with  the  lofs  of 
their  artillery  and  ftores. 

Life,  a  county  of  Virginia,  in  the  S  Vv'' 
corner  of  the  ftate,  bounded  S  by  the  flate 
of  N  Carolina,  and  W  by  Kentucky.  It 
is  of  a  triangular  form,  2  iides  being  about 
60  miles  long,  the  other  about  30.  In 
this  county  is  Powell's  rivers  running 
through  PoweU*.s  fertile  valley  ;  but  a 
third  part  of  tlie  county  is  mountaifiou's. 
It  contains  2^95  ^^^^  inhabitants, and  243 
Slaves.  At  the  court  houf^'is  apoft  ofEce. 
Chief  town  Jonefville. 

Le/r,  a  towniliip  in  Berkfliii e*  co.  Mafia- 
chuictts,5  miles  tJ  of  Lenox,  4  E  of  Stock- 
bridge,  and  140  W  of  Bofton  ;  was  incor- 
porated in  1 7 77, and  contains  1*67  iiihab- 
itants.  Houfatonick  river  runs  foutherly 
through  this  town. 

■r  Lfec/s,  a  town  in  the  eaftern  part  of 
Gloucefter  co.  N.  Jerfey,  4  miles  W  of 
the  mouth  of  Muilicus  river, 

Lefds,  a  village  of  Richmond  co.  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  N  bank  of  Rappahannock 
river ;  14  miles  E  by  S  of  Port  Royal, 
40  S  Eof  Frederickfourg,  and  70  N  E  of 
Richmond.  Near  Leedllowu  is  a  famous 
courfe  for  horfe  racing. 

ZseJs,  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  on  the 
."S  bank  of  Amereikoggen  river,  oppofite 
the  mouth  of  20  miles  itream,  in  the  town 
of  Turner,  in  Cumberland  co. 

Leeds  County ^  U.  Canada,  is  bounded  on 
the  E  by  the  county  of  Grenville,  on  the 
S  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
W  by  the  boundary  line  of  the  late  town- 
fliip  of  Pittfburgh,  running  N  until  it 
jntcrfecls  the  Ottawa  or  Grand  river  ; 
thence  defcending  that  river  until  it  meets 
tlie  Nweflernmoft  boundary  of  the  county 
of  Grenville.  The  county  of  Leeds  com- 
prehends all  the  ifiands  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence  near  to  it.  The  greater  part 
of  it  lies  fronting  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Sf?iyth. 

Leeds  Toiinpiip,  in  the  county  of  Leeds, 
>«  the  1 2th  townlliip  in  afcending  the  river 
St,  Lawrence,  It  is  watered  by  the  Ga- 
nanoque  river,  which  has  a  good  harbour 
at  its  entrance.  Here  is  a  port  of  entry 
ati  the  W  bank  of  the  Ganano^ue,  near  Its 
mouth  in  the  St.  Lawrence. 

LcedJio72,  a  poll  town  of  Weftmoreland 
€0.  Virginia,  105  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Leefooga^  one  of  the  Friendly  iflands,  in 
the  S.  Sea.  It  was  vifitcd  by  Captain 
Cook,  in  1776,  who  confiders  it,  in  fome 
refpecSts,  fupeior  to  Anamooka.  Tlie  i/1- 
smd  is  fituated  near  Hapaee,  aiiU  ©  about 
7  miles  long  and  3  broad* 


Leejhnrg,  a  pofl  town  of  Maryland,  ejf 
miles  from  Frederickftown. 

Leejburgi  a  pofl:  town  of  Virgina,   and' 

capital  of  Loudon    co.     It    is  lituated  6 

miles  S  W  of  the  Patowmac,  and  4  S  of 

{  Gool'e  Creek,  a  branch  of  that  river  on; 

;  the  great  road  leading  from  Philadelphia 

I  to  the  fouthward,and  on  the  leading  road- 

i  from   Alexandria    to   Bath.     It   contains 

j  about  60  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  and  g^'-ol. 

I  It  is   xO  miles   from    Salifbury,    32    trom 

I  Shepherdftown,  20  from  Frederickftown 

!  in  Maryland,  46  N  V*' of  Alexandria,  and' 

64  E  S  E  of  Wincliefter. 

Lee's  JJJaiul,  in  Patov/mac  river,  in  Fair- 
fax CO.  Virginia,  about  2  miles  S  E  of 
Thorp. 

Leek,  a  fmairifland  of  Pehnfylvania,  la" 
Delaware  river, 

Lcetvard  IJlands,      See  W.  Ind'tet. 

Lehighy  or  Lecha,  a  river  which  rifes  in ' 

Northampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  about  21 

j  miles  Eof  Wyoming  Falls,  in  Sufqnehan- 

'  na  river,  and  taking   a  circular   courfe, 

j  paffing  through  the  Slue  A'lountains,  cmp- 

I  ties  into  Delaware  river  on  the  S  fide  of 

i  Eafton,  1 1   miles   N  E  of  Bethlehem.     It 

7-uns  about  75  miles,  and  is  navigable  50 

miles.  ' 

Le  Grand,  a  confiderable  river  of  the 
ftate  of  Ohio,  which  rifes  witliin  a  fevr 
miles  of  the  W  extremity  of  Lake  Erie, 
and  purfuing  a  N  N  W  courfe  for  nearly 
100  miles,  thence  turning  to  the  W,  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Michigan.  It  is  about  250 
yards  wide  at  its  confluence  with  the  lake. 
Le  (iuira,  a  corruption  of  La  Guayra, 
which  fee. 

Leicffer,  a  townfliip  in  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, lituated  on  the£  fide  of  Otter  Creek, 
haviiig522inhab'ttants.  GreatTrout  Pond, 
or  Lake,  is  partly  in  this  town,  and  partly 
in  Salifbury  on  the  N.  This  town  wai 
granted  Od:.  20,  1761. 

Leic.'Jier,  called  by  the  Indian  n'ativej- 
Tcivtaul,  is  a  confiderable  poft  town  in 
Worcefter  co.  Maflachufetts,  containing^'" 
1 103  inhabitants.  It  is  fituated  upon 
the  poll:  road  from  Bofton  to  Hartford,  N~ 
York  and  Philadelphia,  6  miles  W  of  Wor- 
cester, and  54  W  by  S  of  Bofton  ;  bound- 
ed N  by  Paxton  and  S  by  Oxford.  It' 
was  fettled  in  1 71 3,  and  incorporated 
in  1 720  or  1 721.  There  arc  three  meet- 
ing houfes  here  for  Congregationaliftsv 
Anabaptifts,  and  Quakers  ;  who  live  in, 
harmony  together.  The  Le'icejler  Acade-" 
nry  was  incorporated  In  1784,  and  Is  welL 
endowed.  Wool  cards  are  manufacStured 
licce  to  the  ^ajjual  aaiouat  of  I^>ooo  pairs. 


LEO 


LEO 


,  fjrmhi^lon^  a  poll:  town,  York  co.  Maine, 
6io  miles  N  E  troni  VVaililngton. 

Lcmington^  a  tovvxiiliip  in  Eifex  co.  Ver- 
mont, oil  the  W  bank  of  ConnetStlcut 
river,  and  near  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
i^tate.  The  Great  Monadnock  moiir- 
tain  is  in  this  town.  It  contains  5a  in- 
habitants. 

Le  Malre.        See  Maire, 

Lsmf-jler,  an  iiiconriuerable  townjliip  in 
Chclnire  co.  N.  Hampliure.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1 76 1.  hi  1775  it  contain- 
ed 128,  in  1790,  414,  and  in  iScc,  729  in- 
habitants. 

Lenior,  a  CO.  of  Newbern  dlRri<£t,  N. 
parblina,  furrounded  by  Glafgow,  Craven, 
Jones,  Ttnd  Daupliin  It  contains  3898 
free  inhabitants,  and  1457  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Kingfton. 

Lenoxy  tlie  fliire  town  of  Berkfliire  co. 
MafTachuI'etts.  It  is  a  pleafant  and  thriv- 
ing town,  and  has  a  court  houle  and  gaol. 
Houfatonick  river  pafTcs  through  the 
town.  It  lies  W  of  Walliington,  S  of 
Pittsfield,  17  miles  foiith  wefierly  of  Chff- 
ter,  and  145  miles  N  of  Boilron.  Inhabit- 
ants 1 04 1,  and  has  a  poft  office. 

Lenox  CnfrlejTL  poft  town,  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  390  miles  from  Waihing- 
ton. 

Leagane^  Bay  of^  called  alfo  Eighty  or 
Site  of  Leogane,  alfo  Cul  de  Sac  of  Leo- 
gane,  at  the  W  end  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Bomingo,  is  formed  by  two  peninfulas. 
It  opens  between  Cape  St.  Nicolas  at  the 
"VV  end  of  the  N  penlnfaia,  and  Cape 
Dame  Marie,  the  N  \Si  point  of  the  S  pcn- 
infula,  45  leagues  apart.  At  the  bottom 
of  the  bay  are  the  illands  Gonave,  and  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  S  peainfula  the  ifies  Ref- 
fif  and  Caymite.  It  embofoms  a  vaft 
Tinm.ber  of  line  bays.  The  chief  bays, 
towns  and  ports  from  Cape  St.  Nicholas 
round  to  Cape  Dame  Marie  art-  La  Plate 
Jorrne,  or  tJie  Platform,  Gonaives,  St. 
Marc,  Montrouis,  Archahayc,  Port  au 
Prince,  I,eo<^ane,  Goave,  Miragoane,  Pet- 
it, Trou,  Bay  of  Baradairiss,  Bay  of  Durot, 
Jcremie,  Cape  Dame  Marie,  &c.  Trou 
JBordit,  at  the  head  of  which  is  Port  au 
Prince,  is  at  tUe  extremity  of  the  Bay  of 
f  .eoganc  eallw^rd,  60  leagues  E  of  Cape 
Dame  Alarie,  and  51  S  E  of  Cape  St. 
Nicliolas. 

I.cogam^  a  fea  port  town  in  the  French 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  fitnatcd 
on  the  N  Tide  of  the  neck  of  the  S  penin- 
fulain  tlve  bay  or  bite  of  Leogane,  at  the 
head  of  a  fmall  bay  which  lets  up  E  from 
rke  bay  of  Grand  Goavcj  4  leagues  N  £  of 


the  iQWix  of  that  name,  6-|  N  of  Jacrlie!, 
8  N  W  of  Cayes  de  j  acme  I,  9  W  by  S  of 
Port  au  Prince,  and  6^  leagues  S  E  of 
Petite  Gonave  ifland.  N  lat.  1 8  30,  W  Ion. 
from  Paris  75  1.  It  is  an  agreeable, 
pleafant,  and  commercial  place.  The 
exports  from  Jan.  i,  i  789,  to  Dec.  31  of  the 
lame  yc^r,  were  895,8 /libs,  white  fugar, 
7,0795'iO^lba.  brown  fugar,  1,932,95^1^5. 
coffee,  i39,887lbs.  cotton,  and  4,9iSclbs. 
indigo.  The  duties  on  tht  exportation 
of  the  above,  26,103  dollars  70  cents. 

LeoK.zufur,  a  poft  town  in  Worcefter  co* 
Maffachufetts,  7  miles  N  by  W  of  Lan- 
cafter,  20  S  E  of  Winchendon,  46  weft- 
ward  ofBofton,  19  N  of  Worcefler,  and 
20  S  of  Marlborough,  in  New  Hampfliire, 
has  a  printing  ottice  and  feveral  neat 
buildings.  Ihis  townllilp  was  taken 
from  Lancafter,  incorporated  in  1740, 
and  contains  i486  inhabitants.  On  the 
difl'erent  ftreams  which  pafs  through  the 
town  are  2  grift  mills,  5  faw  mills,  an  oil 
mill,  and  clothiers  works,  very  excellent* 
About  200,000  bricks  are  annually  made 
here.  The  manufacture  of  combs  is  alfo 
carried  on  to  great  perfection  and  profit. 
LeominJIer  Corcy  adjoining,  contains  27  in- 
habitant*. 

Leon,  a  river  which  falls  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  from  the  N  W  at  the  bay  of  St. 
Bernard. 

Leon,  AVrt',  a  populous  kingdom  of 
New  Spain,  in  N  America,  in  which  are 
feveral  lilver  mines. 

Leon,  a  town  of  the  province  of  Panu- 
co,  in  Mexico.  It  has  rich  mines,  and 
lies  30  leagues  N  of  Mechoacan,  and  ^s 
N  W  of  ^he  city  oi  Mex'co. 

Lecn  de  C  racas,  St.  a  city,  the  capital  of 
the  province  of  the  Caracas,  fituated  oa 
a  river,  a'. out  6  leagues  S  from  he  coaft, 
eiicloied  by  mountains.  The  valley  in 
which  it  ftands  is  a  fevannah,  well  water- 
ed and  very  healthy,  about  3  le;ignes  long 
and  I  broad  in  the  middle  the  only  en- 
trance into  whicii  is  through  a  crooked 
and  fteep  road.  The  city  is  near  a  mile 
lona  ;  the  houfes  handfome  and  well  fur- 
nifiied  ;  the  ftrects  regular,  ftraight  and 
broad,  cutting  each  other  at  right  angles, 
and  terminating  in  a  m  guiUcent  fquart 
in  the  centre.  It  contains  about  4  or 
5,000  inhabitants :  moft  of  whom  are 
owners  of  cocoa  plantations,  which  12  or 
13,000  negroes  cultivate  in  the  rich  val- 
lies,  which  is  almoft  the  only  cultivation 
they  have. 

Lecn  cU  Nkaj-agna,  a  town  of  N.  Amer- 
ica io  Ncv/  Spain,  and  in  the  province  oif 
Kicaragna  5 


LEI- 


LEW 


INIoaragUji  ;  the  relldence  of  a  governor, 
and  a  bifhop's  fee.  It  was  taken  by  the 
buccaneers  in  1685,  in  figkt  of  a  Spsfnifli 
army  who  were  6  to  i ;  is  feated  at  the 
foot  of  a  mountain,  which  is  a  volcano, 
and  occafions  earthquakes.  It  confifts 
of  about  1000  houfes,  and  has  feveral 
irionafteries  and  nunneries  belonging  to 
it.  At  one  end  of  the  town  is  a  lake 
which  ebbs  and  flows  like  the  fea.  It  is 
30  miles  from  the  South  Sea.  N  lat.  iz 
i5,Wlon.  88io. 

Leonardjloivn,  a  pofl  town  of  Maryland, 
arid  the  capital  of  St.  Mary's  co.  is  fituated 
on  the  E  fide  of  Britton's  brook,  jufl: 
where  it  falls  into  Britton's  Bay,  5  miles 
from  its  nlouth  in  the  Pato\Vmac,  and  con- 
tains about  50  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  and 
gaol.  It  is  113  miles  S  of  Baltimore,  G^ 
S  by  E  of  Upper  Marlborough,  30  S  E 
of  Port  Tobacco,  and  217  S  V/  of  Phila- 
delphia.     N  lat.  3818. 

Lcp&rs'  If  and,  one  of  the  Nexo  Hebrides. 
The  inhabitants  of  this  ifland,  according 
to  Bougainville's  account  of  them,  "  are 
of  two  colours,  Mack  and  mulatto. 
Their  lips  are  thick,  their  hair  frizzled, 
and  fome  have  a  kind  of  yellow  wool  ; 
they  are  fmall,ugly,  illmade,  and  in  gener- 
al devoured  by  the  leprofy,  which  occafion- 
^d  the  difcoverer  Bougainville  to  call  it  the 
JJle  of  Lepers :  few  women  were  feen,  but 
they  were  altogether  as  difgufling  as  the 
men.  They  go  naked,  hardly  cov.'ring 
their  waifls  with  a  mat."  They  carry 
their  children  on  their  backs  in  a  kind  of 
fcarf.  They  wear  ornaments  in  their 
noflrils  ;  and  have  no  beards. 

Lc  Roach  IJland,  is  near  Fstukland's  Ifl- 
ands  ;  difcovered  in  1657. 

Les  Cayesy  a  jurifdi6tion  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  French  part  of  thfe  ifland  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, contains  4  pariflies,  and  yields 
abundance  of  fugaf,  cotton,  and  cofFce. 
Its  exports  from  the  town  Les  Cayss 
from  January  i,  1789,  to  Dec.  31,  of  the 
fame  year,  were  2,597,666^)3.  white  fu- 
gar  ;  ^4,5 26,05 olbs.  brown  fugar  ; 
3,025,6o4lbs.  coflec;  855, 447lbs.  cotton  ; 
169,30511)3.  indigo;  and  fmall  articles  to 
the  value  of  8356  livres.  The  vah.ie  of 
duties  paid  on  the  above  on  e.^portitic»n 
101,528  dollars,  85  cents.  Th.e  town  Les 
Cayes  lies  between  the  villages  TorbecW 
and  Cavaillon,  on  the  large  bay  which 
fets  up  to  the  ifland  Avache  ;  from  which 
it  is  about  3  leagues  diftant,  and  5  leagues 
northerly  of  Point  Abacon.  N  lat.  18  12, 
W  Ion.  from  Paris  76  8. 

Letterienny,  a  townfliip,  FrafikHn  CO. 
Tef^.R  ^k 


Pennfylvania.     It  lias  1497  in^^^^jitants. 

Lfuereit,  a  townfliip  in  liampfliire  ctf. 
Mafiachiifetts,  near  ConnecSlicuc  river, 
and  94  miles  W  of  Bofton  ;  incorporated 
in  17^4,  and  contains  711  inhabitants. 
A  copper  mifte  has  been  found  in  thi« 
townfliip. 

Levi,  a  point  of  land  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  oppofite  to  the  city  of  Que- 
bec. 

Levi,  Tp  du  Fort,  in  the  river  St,  Law- 
rence, U.  Canada,  in  front  of  the  townfliip 
of  Edt-i-afdlburgh.  On  this  i  fland  are  the 
ruins  of  a  Frcftch  fortificathm. 

Lewis,  a  town  in  Efi'ex  eo.  S  W  of 
Lemington,adjoining,in  Vermont.  It  is 
about  8  miles  S  of  the  Canada  line. 

Leivis  Creek,  in  Vermont,  a  fmall  f^rcam 
which  falls  into  L.  Champlain  at  Ferrif- 
burg,  a  little  N  of  Little  Otter  Creek. 

Leivh's  jSay.  See  Barrjiubh  County^ 
MafTachufetts. 

Lezvijiurg.      See  Lcwjhourg. 

Lctvijlur^, ^co. in  Orangcburgh  difb!^, 
S.  Carolina. 

Letvijlmrg,  a  pofl  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  Franklin  co.  is  on  Tir 
river,  and  contain^;  between  20  and  30 
houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  If  is  3O 
miles  N  of  Raleigh,  25  S  Of  Warrenton, 
56  from  Tarborou^Ji. 

Lezui/hurg,  a  poil  town,  and  the  chief 
town  of  Grecubririr  co.  Virginia  ;  on  tlte 
N  fide  of  Grctnbri.'ir  river,  contains 
about  60  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol. 
It  is  250  miles  V/  by  N  of  Richm.ond, 
and  486  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat. 
388. 

Leivijhurg,  Of    ^arjloivn,  a  poft  tOV/n  of 

Northumberland  co.  Pcnnfylvania  ;  oa 
the  W  fide  of  the  Sufquchanna,  7  miles 
above  Northumberland.  It  contains 
about  60  houfes,  :ind  is  well  (ituated  for 
carrying  on  a  briik  trade  with  the  N  W 
part  of  the  State.  It  is  30  miles  E  by  N 
of  Aaronlliurg. 

Leivifioivn,  a  pofl  town  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  the  E  fide  o*"  Androicoggin 
river,  and  bounded  S  W  by  liowdoin.  It 
has  948  inhabitants,  and  is  36  miles  N 
E  of  Portland. 

Leiuiftoivn,  or  Leive.*,  a  poft  town  ia 
SufTex  CO.  Delavvare,  is  pleafantly  fituat- 
ed on  Lewes  creek,  3  miliis  above  its 
mouth  in  Delaware  Bay,  and  as  far  W 
by  N  of  the  light  houfe  on  C.ipe  Hcnlo- 
pen.  it  contains  a  Prcfbyterian  and 
Methodift  church,  and  about  80  houfes, 
built  chiefly  on  a  (Ireet  whicJi  is  more 
than  ^  miics  in  length,  and  extcndin;^ 

alonii 


LEX 


LEX 


along  a  creek,  -which  feparates  the  toWti 
from  tlie  pitch  of  the  cape.  The  fit- 
uation  is  high,  and  commands  a  full  prol- 
pedt  of  tlie  light  houfc,  and  the.  fea. 
The  court  houfe  and  the  gaol  are  commo- 
dious buildings,  and  give  an  air  of  Impor- 
fcance  to  the  town.  The  entrance  oi  a 
bay,  which  is  crowded  with  vcllels  from 
all  parts  of  the  world,  and  which  is  fre- 
quently clofed  with  ice  a  part  of  the  win- 
ter fealon,  ncccllity  fcicms  to  require,  and 
nature  fcems  to  fuggcH,  fliould  be  formed 
into  a  harbour  for  Ihipping.  The  de- 
ficiency of  water  in  the  creek,  may  be 
cheaply  and  cafily  fupplied  by  a  I'niall 
canal  i'o  as  to  afford  a  paflage  for  the 
waters  of  Reho])oth  into  Lewes  creek, 
which  would  enfure  an  adequate  fup- 
ply.  The  circumjacent  country  is- beau- 
tifully diverfified  with  hilig^  woods, 
ftreams  and  lakes,  forming  an  agreeable 
contrafl  to  the  naked  fandy  beach,  which 
terminates  in  the  cape  ;  but  it  is  greatly 
infefted  with  mufquctoes  and  fand  flics. 
I^  carries  on  a  fmall  trade  with  Philadel- 
phia in  the  produtfllons  of  the  country. 
A  manufaiflure  of  marine  and  glav/her 
falts,aud  magnefia,  has  l>ecn  lately  eftab" 
liihcd  here,  which  is  managed  by  a  gen- 
tleman ikiiled  in  the  pracSlical  kntnvledge 
of  cheminftrv.  It  is  IT3  miles  S  of  Phi- 
lndch,)hia.     N  lat.  .^8  6;\r  Ion.  75  iS. 

Lcwljloivn,  the  chief  and  po/l  town  of 
Pvliffiui  CO.  Pennfylvania,  fituatcd  on  the 
*Str»de  of  juniatta  river,  on  the  W  fide  of, 
and  at  the  mouth  of  Cifliicoquilis  creek  ; 
about  7,3  miles  N  E  of  Huntingdon.  It 
i»  regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  about 
120  dwelling  b.oufes,  323  inhabitant?^  a 
court  houfc  and  gaol.  It  was  incorpo- 
fated  in  1795,  and  is  governed  by  two 
burgefles,  one  high  conflable,  a  town 
clerk,  and  two  alhfiants.  It  is  ijo-  miles 
\V  ^  W  of  Philadelphia.  N  lut.  40  2,2,^  W 
Ion.  77  2.-^. 

Le-uruncdhiinneJi,  a  town  on  the  Ohio, 
where  Chrirtain  Indians  fettled  under  the 
care  of  the  Moravian  miffionaries. 

'Lexaiv.ifce'tn,  a  fmail  river  of  Pennfyl- 
vania, which  rifes  by  feveral  branches  in 
Northampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  on  tlie  E 
fide  of  Mount  Ararat ;  thefe  unite  about 
10  mil£S  from  its  mouth  in  Delaware 
river.  Its  courfe  is  S  E  and  E.  It  joins 
•the  Delaware  about  174  miles  above  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

Lex'tijton,  a  pofl  town  of  Virginia,  and 
capital  of  Rockbridge  co.  It  is  fituatcd 
on  the  pofl  road  from  Philadelphia  to 
Scntycky,  by  way  of  the  wildernefs,  and 


about  a  mile  S  of  the  N  branch  of 
James's  river.  It  contains  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  about  100  houfcs.  The 
lituation  of  the  town  is  healthy  and 
agreeable,  and  the  country  roupd  highly 
cultivated.  Lefs  than  a  mile  from  the 
town  is  Liberty  Hall  Academy,  now 
W.Uhington  Coflege,  built  of  ftone,  large 
enough  to  contain  40  or  50  ft udents,  and 
handlomely  endowed  by  that  dirtinguifli- 
ed  man  whofe  name  it  bears.  It  is  159 
miles  W  by  N  of  Richmond,  322  front 
Philadelphia,  and  465  from  Danville  in 
Kentucky. 

Lexington,  a  poft  town  of  Kentuclcy, 
and  formerly  the  metropolis  of  that  ftate. 
It  is  fituatcd  on  a  rich  extenfive  plain,  ia 
Fayette  co.  on  the  N  fide  of  Town  Fork, 
a  fmarll  ftream  which  falls  into  the  S 
branch  of  Elkhorn  river.  It  is  built  on 
a  regular  plan,  and  contains  about  350 
houfcs,  5  places  of  public  worfliip,  a 
court  liotrfe  and'  gaol  It  contains  aa 
Uiiivcrlity,  a  duck  fadlory,  3  fadlories 
for  cordage,  feveral  do.  for  nails,  1  ma- 
chines for  fpining  cotton,  one  of  which 
has  168  fpindles,  a  factory  for  weaving, 
2  printing  offices,  which  publifli  two 
weekly  gazettes  ;  has  feveral  ftores  of 
goods  well  aiTorted,  and  is  a  flourifliing, 
agreeable  place.  It  is  fituated'  in  the 
midft  of  a  fine  tracfl  of  country,  ou  the 
head  waters  of  Elkhorn  river,  24  miles 
E  of  Frankfort,  and  774  S  W  by  W  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  1795  inhabitants, 
among  whom  are  a  number  of  genteel 
families^  N  lat.  38  6,  W  Ion.  85  8.  Near 
this  town  are  found  curious  fepulchrcs 
full  of  human  fkelctons.  It  has  been  af- 
fertcd  that  a  man  in  or  near  the  town, 
having  dug  5  or  6  feet  below  the  furface 
of  the  ground,  came  to  a  large  flat  ftoncg 
under  wl'.ich  was  a  well  of  common" 
depth,  regularly  and  artificially  ftonedt 
In  the  vicinity  of  Lexington  are  found 
the  remains  of  two  ancient  fortifications, 
furnilhed  with  ditches  and  baftions,  over- 
grown with  large  trees. 

Lc:4ingion,  ?L  poft'town,  Rowan  CO.  Nl 
Carolina,  399  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Lexington^  a  CO.  iu  Orangeburg  diftrivH:,. 
S.  Carolina. 

Lexington,  formerly  called  the  Grtat 
Falls,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  Georgia,  fituat- 
ed on  the  S  fide  of  Ogeechee  river  on  a 
beautiful  eminence  which  overlooks  the 
falls  of  the  river.  It  is  %  miles  fron» 
Georgetown,  and  30  from  Greenfborongh. 

.Lexington,  a  t«wn  in  Middlefex  co. 
Maiiachul"fctls,  11  i^iks  N  W  of  Bofton, 

havijig 


LI  B 


XIM 


iharlnga  neat  Congregational  church,  and 
a  number  of  compact  houlcs.  It  has 
been  rendered  famous  by  the  battle 
fought  in  it,  April  19,  X775,  which  may- 
be fonfidercd  as  tiie  comlnencc■m^nt  of 
the  American  revolution.  This  town- 
fliip  contains  ioc6  inhabitants,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1712.  On  the  ground 
where  the  battle  was  fought  is  a  ftone 
monument  10  feet  high,  on  which  is  the 
following  infcrit)tion.  "Sacred  ro  Liberty 
and  the  rights  of  Mankind  !  !  The  free- 
dom and  independence  of  America  fcaled 
%an^  defended  with  the  blood  of  her  fons. 
This  monument  is  eretSled  by  tlie  inhab- 
itants of  Lexington,  under  the  patronage, 
and  at  the  expenfe  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  Maflachufetts,  to  the  memory  of  their 
fellow  citizen*  :  Enfign  Ru-bcrt  Mimroc, 
MeQVs.  Jonas  Parker,  Samue-I  Hadiey, 
Jonathan  Harrington,  Ifaac  Muzzy, Caleb 
Harrington  and  John  Brown,  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  Afahel  Porter,  of  Woburn  ; 
who  fell  on  this  field,  the  firfl:  victims  to 
the  fword  of  Britiih  tyranny  and  oppref- 
fion,on  the  morning  of  the  ever  membra 
ble  nineteenth  of  April  A.  D.  1775- 

The  die  was  Caft  !  !  ! 
The  blood  of  thefe  martyrs,  in  the  caufe 
of  God  and  their  country,  w-^;s  the  cement 
cf  the  Union  of  tliele  States,  then  colo- 
iiies,  and  gave  the  fpring  to  the  fpirits, 
iirmnefs  and  refolation  of  their  itllow 
citizens." 

Leydc'fij  a  poft  tovvn,  Oneida  co.  N.York, 
530  miles  N  E  from  Wafliington. 

Lsyden,  a  townfliip  in  HampHiire  co. 
^aflachufetts,  between  Colerain  and 
Bernardflon,  29  miles  from  Northampton, 
the  lliire  town,  and  100  N  \V  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  con- 
tains 1095  inhabitants, 

Zezars,  an  Indian  nation,  who  inhabit 
between  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  and  Wa- 
bafla  rivers.  They  can  furnifli  30c  war- 
liors. 

Liberty,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia,  15 
miles  from  New  London,  35  from  Fin- 
caflle,  40  from  Franklin  court  houfe, 
6j  from  Martinfburg.  This  Is  the 
chief  town  of  Bedford  county,  and  has 
a  handfome  court  houfe,  and  contains 
50  or  60  houfes. 

Liberty,  a  county  of  Georgia,  bounded 
N  by  Brian,  S  by  Macintofii,  W  by  Alata- 
raaha,  N  E  by  the  ocean.  It  is  40  miles 
long,  az  broad.  Cotton  and  rice  are 
raifed  here.  An  acre  produces  25  or  30 
bufhels  of  corn.  The  inhabitants  were 
iht  firft  in  the  (late,  who  declared  for 


liberty,  and  fent  a  delegate  to  the  cos- 
grefs  at  Philadelpiiia  ;  licncc  the  name 
of  the  county.  It  is  divided  into  5  towns 
and  contains  5313  inhabitants,  of  whom 
3940  are  in  (lavcr)'.  Odd  as  it  may  fecm, 
flavery  txifts  in  Liberty  county. 

Liberty,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland,  lit- 
uated  in  Frederick  co.  iz  miles  N  E  of 
Fredcrickflown,  and  about  44  NN  W  of 
the  Federal  City.  Copper  mines  have 
been  found  near  this  town,  and  have 
been  worked;  but  to  ^no  great  ertcnt  as 
yet. 

L'-ichtsratt,  a  Aforavian  fettlcmcnt  on 
the  £  fide  of  Mtiikingum  river,  3  miles 
below  Gofchachgucnk  ;  but  as  the  war- 
riors paffed  conftantly  through  this  place, 
it  was  forfaken,  and  they  rwnoved  to  Sa- 
lem, 5  miles  below  Gnadcnhucttcn. 

Lick,  a  name  by  whicli  fult  fprings  are 
called  i,u  the  weflern  parts  of  tliC  United 
States.     See  Big  Bone  Lick. 

Licking,  a  navigable  river  of  Kentucky, 
which  rifes  on  :the  wcftern  coniines  of 
Virginia;  interlocks  with  the  head  waters 
of  Kentucky  river  ;  runs  in  a  N  W  di- 
rection, upwards  of  iSo  miles,  and  by  a 
mouth  150  yards  wide  througli  the  S 
bank  of  Ohio  river,  oppofite  Fort  Wafli- 
ington.  .Upon  this  river  arc  iron  works, 
and  numerous  fah  fprings.  Its  principal 
branch  is  navigable  nearly  70  miles. 
FromLimedone  to  this  river,  the  country- 
is  very  rich,  and  covered  with  cane,  ryc- 
grafs,  and  natural  clover. 

Ligoiiier,  Fort,  lies  on  ilic  fo^d  from 
Pliiladelphia  to  Pittiburg  ;  a66  miles 
from  the  former  and  54  from  the  latter, 
and  9  miles  from  the  E  fide  of  Laurel 
ilill. 

Ligojiion,  a  poll  town  of  Amelia  co  Vir- 
ginia, ooz  miles  from  Wafiiington. 

Liguanca,  mountains  in  the  illand  of 
Jamaica,  At  the  foot  of  thefe  in  St.  An- 
drew's parifli,  about  6  miles  from  Kit\g- 
fton,  is  tiic  mod  magnificent  botanical 
garden  in  the  world.  It  was  eftabliflied 
in  1773, under  the  fan(5lion  of  the  aiTcm- 
bly.  The  fortune  of  war  having  thrown 
into  Lord  Rodney's  hands  many  rare 
plants,  he  prefcnted  to  his  favoured  iC- 
and  plants  of  the  genuine  cinamon,  the 
mango,  bread  fruit,  and  other  oriental 
produdlions  ;  -vvhich  are  now  become 
common  in  the  illand.     See  Cold  Sptiyg. 

Lil/y  Point,  King  William  co.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  134  miles  from 
"Wafliingtou. 

Lima,  the  middle  divifion  of  Peru,  in 
S.  America,  It  has  Quito  N,  the  moun- 
tains 


*^ 


LIM 


LIM 


t^ins  called  Andes  E,  the  audience  of  Los 
Cuarcos  S,  and  the  Pacific  ocean  W. 
There  arc  many  wild  beafts  in  the  audi- 
ence. 

Lima,  the  capital  of  Peru,  in  S.  America, 
IS  alfo  called  Los  Reyes,  or  the  City  of 
Kings,  and  is  the  emporium  of  this  part  of 
the  world.  It  vyas  founded  by  Don  Fraii- 
ciico  Pizarro  on  the  i8th  of  January^ 
1535  ;  is  lituated  in  a  large,  fpacious,  and 
fertile  plain,  called  the  yalley  of  Rimac, 
on  the  S  (iJe  of  the  river  Pvimac,  which 
runs  wefttvard.  The  'ameofLhiia  being 
only  a  corrup;  pronunciation  of  thp  Indian 
word  which  is  derived  from  an  idol  to 
%rhich,  the  Ind-ns  and  their  Yncas  ufed 
to  facriiice.  Tnis  idol  i^eing  fuppofed  to 
returnaniwers  to  the  prayers  offered  to  it, 
they  called  it,  by  way  of  diftintSlion,  Ri- 
mac, i.  p.  the  fpeaker.  It  is  fo  well  w^.ter- 
cd  by  the  river  Rimq|,  that  the  inhabit- 
ants command  a  flream,  each  for  his  own 
life.  The  N  fide  of  the  town  runs  nearly 
clofe  to  the  river  for  the  length  of  about 
10  furloiigs.  At  about  -}  of  this  fpace, 
from  the  weftern  extent,  an  elegant  flone 
bridge  of  4  or  5  arches  15  built  acrofs  the 
river  leading  S,  about  zoo  yards  to  the 
great  fquure,  of  which  the  fide  is  about 
140  yards.  The  f^rect  continues  S  from 
the  bridge,  for  near  a  mile,  having  parallel 
ftreets,  8  to  the  W,  and  6  to  theE,  beude 
other  ft  reels  which  run  obliquely  S  eafl-- 
ward.  The  15  ftreets,  running  N  and  3, 
a'-e  croffed  by  8  others,  running  E  and 
W,  beiide  fevcral  to  the  fouthward,  not 
parallel  to  the  former,  and  others  in  the 
eaftem  parts,  which  harve  different  direc- 
tions. The  figure  of  the  town  is  nearly 
<juadrHateral.  A  diagonal  line  running  E 
and  W,  would  be  18  furlongs  in  length  ; 
and  the  fouthern  perpendicular,  about  7 
furlongs,  and  the  northern  about  4  fur- 
longs;  fo  that  the  city  ftands  on  a  fpace 
of  ground,  nearly  equal  to  a  mile  and  a 
quarter  fquare.  The  northern  fide  for 
about  3  quarters  of  a  mile  next  the  river, 
is  fortified  moftly  by  redans  ;  the  reff  of, 
the  cuTuU  is  enclofed  with  34  hollow  baf- 
tions  and  their  intermediate  curtains. 
The  whole  is  faced  with  a  brick  wall,  and 
furrrunded  with  a  ditch, but  has  no  cover- 
ed w-iy,  gh-.cis  nor  outworks.  Eight  gates, 
befide  th.iL  ac  thi  bridge,  furnilli  a  com- 
jnunicA'ion  with  the  adjacent  coi^iitry. 
The  tliy  (lands  about  6  miles  from  C^llao, 
which  is  the  fe.tport  to  Lima,  and  180  N 
W  of  G-:  im^nga.  The  white  people  in 
lAma  ar*  eftimated  at  about  15,000;,  and 
the  whcte  number  of  iiihabitaxita  are  about 


60,000,  or  54,coo  according  to  Plnkerton. 
One  remarkable  fadl  is  fulTicient  to  de- 
monftrate  the  wealth  of  this  city.  When 
the  viceroy,  the  Duke  de  la  Palada,  made 
his  entry  into  Lima,  in  1682,  the  inhabit- 
ants to  do  him  honour,  caufed  the  ffreets 
to  be  paved  with  ingots  of  filver,  amount- 
ing to  17  millions  fterling.  All  traveller* 
fpeak  with  amazement  of  tlie  decorations 
of  the  churches  with  gold,  filver,  and 
precious  itones,  which  load  and  ornament 
even  th^  waljs.  The  only  thing  that  could 
juffify  thefe  accounts,  is  the  immenfe 
riches  and  extenfive  commerce  of  the  in- 
habitants. The  merchants  of  Lima  may 
be  faid  to  deal  with  all  the  quarters  of  the 
world  ;  and  that  both  on  their  own  ac- 
count, and  as  fadlors  for  others.  Here,  all 
tlie  productions  of  the  fouthern  province* 
are  conveyed,  in  order  to  be  exchangeai 
at  the  harbour  of  Lima,  for  fuch  articles 
i  as  the  inhabitants  of  Peru  ftand  in  need  of. 
The  fleet  from  Lurope  and  the  E.  Indies 
land  at  the  fame  harbour  ;  and  the  com- 
modities of  Afia,  EurojDe,  and  America, 
are  tliere  bartered  for  each  other.  But 
all  the  wealth  of  the  inhabitants,  all  the 
beauty  Qf  the  fituation,  and  the  fertility 
of  the  climate  of  Lima,  are  infufficient  to 
compenfate  for  the  difaftcr  which  threat- 
ens, aud  has  fometimes  a'ilually  befallen 
them.  Earthquakes  are  very  frequent. 
Since  the  year  1582,  there  h^ve  happen- 
ed about  X5  concufiions,  b elide  that  on 
the  28th  of  06lober,  1 746,  at  hali"  an  hour 
after  \o  at  night,  5  hours  and  3  quarters 
before  the  full  of  the  moon  ;  which  be- 
gan with  fuch  violence,  that  in  little  more 
than  3  minutes,  the  greateft  part,  if  not  all 
the  buildings,  great  and  fmall,  in  the  whole 
city,  were  deftroyed  ;  burying  under  their 
ruins  thofe  inhabitants  who  had  not  made 
fufficient  hafte  into  the  ftreets  and  fquares, 
the  only  probable  places  of  fafety  in  thof^ 
terrible  convulfions  of  natuie.  At  length 
the  dreadful  effects  of  the  firff  fliock  ceaf- 
ed,  but  the  tranquility  was  of  fnort  dura- 
tion ;  concuffions  return'ng  fo  repeated- 
ly, that  the  inhabitants,  according  to  th^ 
account  fent  of  it,  computed  aco  in  the 
firft  24  hours  ;  and  to  the  24th  of  Febru- 
ary, the  following  year,  1747,  when  the 
narrative  was  dated,  no  lefs  than  450 
fliocks  were  obferved  ;  fome  of  which,  if 
lefs  permanent,  were  equal  to  the  iirft  in 
violence.  The  fort  of  Callao,  at  the  very 
(ame  hour,  tumbled  into  ruins.  But  what 
it  fuffcred  from  the  eariiiquake  in  its 
buildings,  was  inconfidcrable  when  com- 
pared with  the  terrible  cataftrophe  which 

followed 


LIU 


L  IN 


follow^.  For  the  fea,  as  is  ufual  on  fuch 
occaiions,  receding  to  a  confiderable  dif- 
tance,  returned  in  mountainous  waves, 
foaming  with  the  violence  of  the  agita- 
tion, and  fuddenly  overwhehncd  Callao  [ 
and  the  neighbouring  country.  This  was  i 
not,  however,  periormed  by  the  firft 
fwelllng  of  the  waves ;  for  the  fta  retir- 
ing further,  returned  with  ftlU  greater 
impetuollty,  the  ftupendous  water  cover- 
ing both  the  walls  and  other  buildings  of 
the  place  ;  fo  that  whatever  had  tfcaped 
the  firft,  was  now  totally  overwhehncd 
by  thofe  terrible  mountains  of  waves  ; 
and  nothing  remained,  except  a  piece  of 
the  wall  of  the  fort  of  Santa  Cruz,  as  a  me- 
morial of  this  terrible  dcvaftation.  Here 
were  then  23  fliips  and  veflcls,  great  and 
fmall,  in  the  harbour,  of  which  19  were 
funk,  and  the  other  4,  among  which  was 
a  frigate  called  St.  Feimin,  «;arried  by 
the  force  of  the  waves  to  a  confiderable 
diftance  up  the  country.  See  Cullao. 
This  terrible  inundation  extended  to 
Other  parts  of  the  coaft,  as  Cavallos  and 
Guanape  ;  the  tov/ns  of  Chancay,  Guau- 
ra,  and  the  vallies  Delia  Baranco,  Sape, 
and  Pativilca,  underwent  the  fame  fate 
as  the  city  of  Lima.  According  to  an  ac- 
count fent  to  Lima  after  this  accident,  a 
volcano  in  Lucanoj  burft  forth  the  fame 
night,  and  cjedled  fuch  quantities  of  wa*. 
ter,  that  the  whole  country  was  over- 
flov/n  ;  and  in  the  mountain  near  Patas, 
called  Converfiones  de  Caxamarquilla,  3 
other  volcanoes  burftjdifcharging  fright- 
ful torrents  of  water  ;  and  in  the  fame 
ifnanner  as  that  of  CarguayrafTo,  Lima  is 
the  fee  of  an  archbifliop,  and  the  feat  of 
an  univerfity.  The  inhabitants  are  very 
debauched ;  and  the  monks  and  nuns,  of 
whom  there  are  great  numbers,  are  no 
more  chafte  than  the  reft  of  the  in- 
habitants. If  any  one  happens  to  rival 
a  monk,  he  is  in  danger  of  his  life,  for 
they  always  carry  daggers  concealed. 
Lima,  according  to  feveral  obfervations 
made  for  that  purpofe,  flands  in  lat.  iz 
2  31  S,  and  its  Ion.  is  75  5  a  W.  The  va- 
riation of  the  needle  is  9  a  30  eafterly, 

Limbe,  a  village  in  the  N  W  part  of  the 
i/land  of  St.  Domingo,  7  leagues  W  by  S 
of  Cape  Frangois. 

Limey  a  town  in  Grafton  co  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  ConneAicut  R. 
I  a  miles  N  of  Dartmouth  College,  and 
has  J318  inhabitants. 

L'mierick^-a.  poft  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
near  the  confluence  of  Little  Ofilpee  R. 
\vith  Saco,and  Qppofite  Gorham.    It  >vas 


incorporated  in  1787,  and  has  995  in* 
habitants. 

Limerick y  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  999  inhabitants. 

Lh/iijlotte  Creek,  in  TcnciTec,  is  the  N  E 
branch  of  Noiachucky  river.  It  rifes  0.% 
miles  S  of  Long  Ifland  in  Holfton  river. 

Z/w^o/i^,  a  poft  town  in  Kentucky,  on 
the  S  fide  of  Ohio  river,  and  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  mouth  of  a  fmall  creek  of  its 
nctaie.  It  ftands  on  a  lofty  and  uneven 
bank,  aud  is  not  feen  from  the  river  until 
one  is  vt^ithin  a  miles  of  it.  This  is  the 
ufual  landing  place  fm-  people  coming 
down  in  boats,  who  mean  to  fettle  in  the 
upper  parts  of  the  ftate ;  and  here  the 
champaign  country  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
river  begins.  It  is  4  miles  N  E  of  the 
town  of  Wafliington,  4J  S  \V  of  Fort 
Walhington,  44  S  W  by  S  of  Bourbon- 
town,  and  500  miles  below  Pittlburg.  N 
lat.  38  40,  W  Ion.  84  17. 

Limington,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
bounded  M  and  E  by  Saco  river,  50  miles 
N  of  York. 

Limonade,  a  village  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  .St.  DomingO', 
4  leagues  S  W  of  fort  Dauphine.     N  lat. 

19  37- 

Lincoln,  a  maritime  county  of  Maine  ; 
bounded  N  by  Kennebcck  co.  S  by  the 
ocean,  E  by  Hancock  co.  and  W  by  that 
of  Cumberland.  Its  fea  coaft  extends  from 
that  part  of  Penobfcot  Bay,  oppofite  to 
Deer  Ifland  eaftward,  to  Cape  Small 
Point  weftward.  The  population  amounts 
to  30,100  fouls.  The  fea  coaft  of  the 
counties  of  Cumberland  and  Lincoln  is 
ICO  miles  in  extent,  meafurcd  in  aftraight 
line,  but  is  faid  to  be  above  aoo  by  the 
courfe  of  the  waters.  It  abounds  with 
fafe  and  commodious  harbours  ;  aiid  the 
whole  fhore  is  covered  by  a  line  of  i flands, 
among  which  veflcls  may  generally  an- 
chor in  fafety.  There  are  in  thefe  coun- 
ties many  large  rivers,  fome  of  them  nav- 
igable far  up  the  country ;  and  although 
navigation  for  large  velTels  is  interrupted 
by  fails,  when  far  up  the  rivers,  yet  above 
the  falls,  there  is  plenty  of  water  for 
boats,  nearly  to  the  fource  of  the  rivers; 
and  by  the  lakes  and  ponds  and  branches 
of  the  rivers,  there  is  a  water  communi- 
cation, with  few  interruptions,  from  the 
weftern  to  the  eaftern  bounds,  acrofs  the 
country,  above  the  centre  of  it.  By  this 
route  its  produ(5lions  may,  at  a  Imall  ex- 
penfe,  be  tranfported  to  the  difTerent  fea- 
ports.  Chief  towns,  WifcaiTet,  Waldo- 
borowgh,  s^nd  Wararco. 

Linc\)lnj 


LIN 


LIS 


^'meifln  County,  U.  Canada,  is  divided  in- 
*0  4  ridinj^s  ;  the  firit  riding  is  bonndcd 
on  the  \V  by  tije  coiuity  of  York  ;  on 
the  S  by  the  Grand  River,  c.illed  the 
.Cure  ;  thence  dcl'ccndinj;  that  rivtr  until 
it  meets  an  Indian  road  Je.iding  to  the 
forks  of  the  Chippewa  Creek,  cow  calhd 
the  Welland  ;  thence  defccndin^  that 
creek  unlil  it  meets  tlic  late  towufliip  No, 
5  ;  thence  N  along  the  fald  boundary  un- 
til  it  interfctSis  lake  Oatario  ;  and  thence 
along  the  S  fliore  of  lake  Ontario,  until  it 
meets  the  S  E  boundary  of  theeounty  of 
York.  T'"*^'  fecond  riding  h  bounded  on 
the  W  by  the  firfl:  riding  :  on  ihe  N  l>y 
lake  Ontario  ;  on  the  E  by  the  river  Ni- 
agara ;  and  on  the  S  by  the  northern 
boundary  of  tiie  late  tpwnfliips  No.  a, 
No.  9  and  No.  lo.  The  tbird  riding  is 
bounded  on  the  E  by  the  river  Niagara ; 
on  the  S  by  the  Chippewa  or  Welland  ; 
on  the  W  by  the  eaftern  boundary  of  the 
iirft  riding  ;  and  on  the  N,by  the  fouth- 
crn  boundary  of  the  fecond  riding.  The 
fourth  riding  is  bounded  on  the  E  by  the 
river  Nii\gara  ;  on  the  S  by  lake  Erie 
to  the  moutn  of  the  Grand  River,  or 
t)ufe  ;  thence  up  that  river  to  the  road 
leading  from  the  Oufe  to  the  forks  of  tlie 
Chippewa  or  Weliand,  and  on  the  N  by 
the  faid  road  until  it  ftrikcs  the  fork?  of 
the  Welland,  and  thence  down  the  Wel- 
land to  the  river  Niagara.  The  fourth 
riding  includes  the  i Hands  comprifed 
within  the  eaGernmofl:  boundaries  of  the 
river  Niagara.  The  whole  county  is  di- 
vided into  20  townfliip:^,  containing  about 
6ooo  fouls,  and  furnifliing  5  battaliions 
of  militia.  Nineteen  covered  waggons 
with  families  came  in  to  fettle  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  county  of  Lincoln,  in  June, 

1799- 

Lincoln^  a  county  of  Morgan  diftritSt, 
N.Carolina  ;  b.ounded  N  E  by  Iredell,  N 
W  by  Burke,  W  by  Rutherfc^rd,  and  E  by 
Cabarras.  It  contains  iz,565?  inhabitants, 
of  wliom  1479  ^'■^'  fiaves.  Here  are  min- 
eral fprings  and  mines  of  iron.  A  fur- 
nace and  forge  have  been  ereifled,  which 
carry  on  the  manufaclure  of  pig,  bar 
iron,  &c.     Chief  town,  Lincolntown. 

Lincoln^  a  CO.  of  Georgia,  formed  in 
1796,  containing  7  townCliips,  and  4766 
inbabitaqts,  of  whom  1433  ^re  flavep. 

Ltncolntox^  in  the  above  co.  has  a  pofl 
office,  636  niilesfrom  Wafliington. 

Lineolnvillsy  a  town  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  bay, 
including  the  late  plantation*  of  Canaan, 
Xhicktrap,  &c.  la  milet  from  Bclfaft. 


L'wiohiy^^o.ol  Kentucky,  bounded  N 
by  Mei-cer,  N  W  by  Walluugton,  N  E  by 
Madifon,  and  S  by  Logan.  It  contains 
8555  inhabitants,  of  whom  i/jo  were 
llavcs.  The  road  fiom  D.aiville  <in  Ken- 
tucky river,  pa/lts  through  it  S  .vciferly, 
arid  over  Cuniberland  nipuntam  to  Vir-r 
ginia. 

fJncotHj a  tovvn^  l^lerccr  co.  Kentucky, 
on  the  E  tide  of  Dick's  nvcr,  on  the  road 
from  Danville,  to  Virginia.  It  .^s  1 2  miles 
S  E  o:  Danville,  and  n  N  W  of  Crab 
Orchard. 

Lincolm^  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N 
Hanipllure,  incorporated  in  1764,  coil- 
tains  41  inhabitants. 

Lincoln,  a  townfliip  ill  the  N  E  part  of 
Addifon  co.  Vermont,  it  has  97  iniiabit- 
auts. 

Lincoln,  a  townfliip  in  Middlcfcx  CO . 
MafTachuietts,  incorporated  in  1754.  It 
contains  756  inhabitants,  and  is  i(>  milef 
N^VofBofton. 

Lincoln,  a  new  co.  of  Georgia,  laid  out 
in  1796,  from  Wilkes  co,  on  Savannah 
river,  between  Broad  and  Little  rivers. 

lAncolntoivn,  a  pofl  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  I.incolu  co.  It  contains 
about  35  or  40  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
and  church.  It  is  46  miles  from  Mor- 
gantown,  159  from  Saleia,  and  718  S  by  W 
of  Philadelphia. 

Lindley,  a  villajre  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Canawiique  branch  of  Tioga  R.  in  N, 
York,  a  miles  N  of  the  Pennfylvania  line, 
8  S  W  by  S  of  the  Painted  Pod,  64  S  E 
of  Hartford,  on  the  road  to  Niagara. 

Linn,  3.  townfhip  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  iiaving  11 64  inhabitants. 

Linnelinoptes.     See  Deiaivares. 

Lijhon,  a  town  in  N.  London  co.  Con- 
nedHcut,  lately  a  p^rt  of  Norwich,  about 
7  miles  northerly  of  Norwich.  It  con- 
tains %  pari  flies,  each  having  a  congrega- 
tional church.  It  lies  on  the  W  fide  of 
Quinebaug  R.  and  E  of  Franklin,  and  bus 
1 1 68  inhabitants. 

Lijlon,  a  village  of  York  co.  Pennfylva- 
nia, litnated  near  the  S  fide  of  Yellow 
Breeches  creek,  which  fills  into  the  Suf- 
quehannah.  It  contains  about  15  houfons, 
and  lies  18  miles  from  York. 

L^Jbon,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  (formerly 
part  of  Bowdoin,  lately  Thompfonfbo- 
roHgh)  25  miles  W  of  WifcaiTett. 

Lijle,  a  port  town  in  Tioga  co.  N.  York ; 
a  branch  of  Chenengo  R.  pafTes  through 
this  and  unites  with  the  Chenengo  in  the 
S  E  corner  of  the  townfhip.  It  has  the 
tovvn  of  Greene  E,  and  Union  S,  and 


LIT 


LIT 


has  660  inhabitants,  404  miles  from  Wafli-  f 
ington. 

Litcbjieldy  a.  townfliip  in  Lincoln  co 
Maine,  45  miles  from  Hallowcll,  and  220 
N  E  of  Bofton.     It  has  1044  inhabitants. 

ZJh/j/ieU,  a  townlliip  in  Hilliborough 
CO,  N.  HampOilre,  filuatcd  on  the  £  lidc 
of  Merrimack  river,  about  34  miles  W 
of  Portimouth.  It  was  fettled  in  1749, 
and  in  1775  it  contained  284,  in  1790, 
357, and  in  1800,  37a  inhaintants. 

Litchjield,  a  populous  and  hilly  co.  of 
Conniclicuf,  bounded  Kbjr  MniT.tchufetts, 
S  by  N.  Ha.ven  and  Fairfield  counties,  E 
by  Hartford,  and  W  by  N.  York  It 
ig  divided  into  ao  townfliips,  containing 
41,214  inhabitants.  The  general  face  of 
the  country  is  rough  and  mountainous;. 
I'hc  foil  is  fertile,  yielding  large  crops  of 
wheat  and  Indian  corn,  and  afFording 
fine  pafture.  It  is  feparate  entirely  from 
maritime  commerce,  and  tlie  inhabitants 
are  aloioO:  univerfally  farmers. 

LitcJjfield,  the  chief  and  poft  town  of 
the  above  co.  fituated  upon  an  elevated 
plain,  expoftd  to  the  cold  winds  of  winter, 
but  enjoys  alfo  a  large  fliarc  of  the  rcfrefli- 
ing  breezes  of  fummer.  It  is  a  handfome 
iStuation,  containing  about  60  or  70  com- 
pacTcdweUinghoufcs,  acourt  houl'e,  ameet- 
i'ng  houfe,  and  4^85  inhabitants.  It  is  32 
Uiiles  W  of  Hartford,  and  4^  N  N  W  of 
N.  Haven.  N  lat.  41  46,  W  Ion.  73'37- 
In  the  S  W  corner  of  the  townfliip  ftands 
ah  high  hill  called  Mount  Tom.  On  fev- 
eral  fmall  flfeams,  fome  of  which  fall  in- 
£'0  Great  I*ond,  a  beautiful  flaect  of  water, 
arc  3  iron  works,  an  oil  mill,  and  a  nura- 
bfcr  of  faw  and  grift  mills. 

Litchfield,  a  townfliip  in  Herkemer  co. 
N.  York,  taken  from  German  Flats,  and 
incorporated  'n\  1796.  It  has  1976  in- 
habitants. 

Litiz,  or  Ledltz,  a  village  6r  town  in 
Lancafter  co.  Pcnnfylvania,  fituated  in 
Warwick  townfliip,  on  the  S  fide  of  a 
fraall  ftream,  which  fends  its  waters 
through  Coneftoga  creek  into  the  Suf- 
quehanna.  It  contains  about  50  houfes 
chiclly  of  ftone,  a  ftone  tavern,  and  an 
elegant  church  with  a  fteeple  and  bell. 
The  fettlement  was  begun  in  1757.  It  is 
inhabited  by  the  United  Brethren,  whofe 
mode  of  life  and  <:ufl:oms  are  fimilar  to 
thofc  of  Bethlehemi.  There  is  alfo  a 
good  farm  and  feveral  mill  works  belong- 
ing to  the  place.  The  number  of  in- 
Jbabitants,  including  thofe  that  belong  to 
IJtiz  congregation,  living  on  their  farm* 
m  tbencighbQiirhood,  amounted  iu  1787, 


to  upwards  of  300.  It  is  8  mites  N  of 
Lancafter.aud  66  W  by  Nof  Philadelphia* 

Liitte  Algonquins,  Indians  who  inhabil 
near  the  Three  Rivers,  and  can  raiffe 
about  100  warriors. 

LUtUhuroughy  Maine,  now  Leeds. 

Llille  Bntdhty  a  poft  town,  Orange  ca# 
N.  York,  294  milcij  from  Wafliington. 

L'ltUe  Britain,  2i  townfliip  in  Lancaftcr 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  having  1365  inhabit- 
ants. Alfo  a  townfliip  iu  Chefter  co.  ia 
the  fame  ftate. 

Z,  ■  /.V  Compttn,  a  townfliip  in  Newport  co. 
Rhode  liland,  bounded  N  by  Tiverton  j 
S  by  the  Atlantic  ocean,  where  are  Sea- 
konnet  rocks  ;  W  by  the  E  paflage  int-o 
Mount  Hope  Bay  ;  and  E  by  Jviaffachu- 
fctts.  It  contains  1577  inhabitants.  It 
was  called  Seconnst  or  Seakonnet  by  the 
Indians,  and  is  faid  to  be  the  beft  culti- 
vated townfliip  In  the  ftate,  and  afFordj- 
greater  quantities  of  meat,  butter,  cheefe^ 
vegetables,  &c.  than  any  other  town  of 
its  fize.  The  inhabitants  are  very  induf- 
trious,  and  manufacture  linen  and  tow 
cloth,  flannels,  &c.  of  an  c::icel!cnt  quality 
and   in   confiderable  quantkies   for  fale* 

Little  Er^  H  crbo!tr,'i.  por:  of  entry  on 
theE  cotift  of  N.  Jerfey,  comprel- ending, 
all  the  fliores,  bays  and  creeks  from  Batu- 
egat  Inlet  to  Brigaiitine  Inlet,  both  in- 
clufive.  The  town  of  Tucherton  is  the 
port  of  entry   for  this  diftritH:.     Sec  Egg, 

Little  Fort,  in  the  N.W.  territory,  ftandf 
on  the  S  W  bank  of  lake  Michigan,  and 
on  the  S  fide  of  Old  Fort  river,  which 
runs  a  N  eaftern  cqurfe  into  the  lake.  Sec 
Chicjgo. 

Little  Harbour.  Sec  Pifcataqua.  It  ii9 
near  the  mouth  of  Pifcataqua  river, 
about  a  mile  from  Pojtfmauth,  in  N. 
Hampfhire.  A  fettlement  was  attempted 
here  in  1623. 

Little  Mc-catina.      See  AUcaiima, 

Little  Pelican.     See  Pelican. 

Little  Piver,  in  Georgia,  is  a  bciiitiful 
and  rapid  river,  and  at  its  confluence  with 
Savannah  river,  is  about  50  yards  widcv 
On  a  branch  of  Little  river,  is  the  town 
of  Wrightlborough.  Alfo  a  river  which 
feparates,  in  part,  N.  and  S.  Carolina. 

Little  Pivcr,  a  plantation  in  Kcnnebeck 
CO.  Maine. 

Little  Rocks,  on  the  N  W  bank  of  Illi- 
nois river,  arc  fituated  60  nfilcs  from  the 
Forks,  270  from  the  MilTifippi,  and  43  S 
Wof  Fox  river.  The  S  W  end  of  thefe 
rocks  lies  nearly  oppofite  to  the  moutki 
of  Vermillion  river,  and  fciie  2  fmall  pond$ 
where  tb«  French  and  Ui4isins  bavtf  made 

good 


I.OG 


LOH 


gaod  faU,  lie  oppofite  the  N  E  end.  A  coal 
jrtine  half  a  mile  long,  extends  along  the 
bank  of  the  river  above  thefe  rocks. 

Little  Sodus,  a,  harbour  of  L.Ontario, 
15  miles  S  of  Ofwego. 

Littleton,  a  poft  town  in  Middlefex  co. 
Maffachufetts,  a8  miles  N  W  of  Bofton, 
containing  904  inhabitants. 

LHtleto7i,  a  poft  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  (a  part  of  Apthorpe)  was 
fncorporated  in  1784,  and  contains  381 
inhabitants,  ft  lies  on  Connecflicut  riv- 
tr,  below  the  15  mile  Falls,  and  nearly 
oppofite   Concord  in  Vermont. 

Littleton,  now  PVaterfordj  a  townfliip  in 
Caledonia  CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Connct5licut  river,  oppofite  the  15  mile 
Falls,  and  contains  565  inhabitants. 

Livcrmore,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  fitUatcd  on  both  fides  of  Andro- 
fcoggin  river,  19  miles  N  W  of  Hallowell, 
has  863  inhabitants;  Thirty  mile  ftream, 
■which  is  the  outlet  Of  the  Amerefkoggtn 
great  ponds,  falls  into  the  Great  Ameref- 
koggcn  river  on  its  E  fide  in  this  town. 

Ll'verpool,  a  town  on  the  S  fide  of 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  in  Queen's  co.  Nova 
Scotia,  fettled  from  New  England.  Rof- 
figriol,  a  confidemble  lake  lies  between 
this  town  and  Annapolis.  It  is  3Z  miles 
N  E  of  Shelburrtc,  and  58  N  W  of  Hali- 
fax. It  was  formerly  called  Port  Rojfignoh, 
lA'vingflon,  a  large  townfliip  in  Colum- 
bia CO.  *N.  York,  extending  from  the  E 
bank  of  Hudfon  river,  to  Ihe  MafTachu- 
fetts  line,  S  of  Hudfon  adjoining.  It 
contains  7405  inhabitants  ;  of  whom 
213  are  Haves. 

Li'vinzjliins  Creek,  a  confiderablc  branch 
6f  N  W,  an  arm  of  Cape  Fear  river. 
This  creek  heads  in  vaft  fwamps  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  beautiful  lake  Waukama. 
Uvingjlon,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  bounded 
N  by  the  Ohio,  W  by  the  Miffifippi,  S  by 
Teneflee.  It  is  70  miles  long,  Go  broa4f 
Its  principal  rivers  are  the  Cumberland  \ 
andTcneffec.  It  contains  ^787  inhabit- 
ants, 444  of  thcfe  arc  fiavcs. 

L.obos,  iflands  on  the  coaft:  of  Brazil. 
The  fouthernmoft  ifland  is  in  lat.  6  27  S. 
One  of  thefe  iflands  obtains  the  name  of 
Lolos  dt  la  mer  ;  the  Other,  which  IJ^es  to 
the  N  of  it,  and  very  like  it  in  fliape  and 
appearance  is  called  Lobes  de  tierra. 

Loch,  a  military  town  in  Milton  town- 
fliip, N.York,  in  Onondago  co.  13  miles 
N  E  of  the  S  end  of  Cayuga  lake.  See 
Milton. 

L'-ichartJhtirg,  a  towii  in  Luzerne  county, 
Pennsylvania,   fituated    «n    an    ifthmu* 


formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Sufque- 
hanna  aud  Tioga  rivers,  about  a  mile 
above  their  jundlion.  There  were  in 
1 796  but  few  houfes  built,  but  it  promifes 
to  be  a  place  of  impbrtance,  as  both  the 
rivers  are  navigable  for  many  miles  into 
the  ftate  of  N.  York.  It  is  4  miles  S  of 
the  N.  York  line,  48  W  of  Harmony, 
and  90  above  Wilkfljarre. 

Loftus'  Heights,  in  Adams  co.  Mifllfippi 
territory,  the  barrier  poft  in  the  S  W  cor- 
ner of  the  U{  States  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
Mifllfippi,  about  40  miles  below  Natchez 
and  129^  from  Wafliington.  Thegroiindt 
within  the  fweep  of  the  fortifications  are 
a  fet  of  piiftlirefque  and  beautifully  varied 
heights,  capable  of  a  great  diverfity  of 
fortification,  but,  high  above  the  reft, 
ftands  Mount  Wafliington,  on  which  the 
citadel  will  be  eredied.  This  eminence 
commands  a  view  whofe  circle  is  at  leaft 
30  leagues,  bifected  by  the  Miffifippi  riv- 
er ;  it  overlooks,  and  all  but  overhangs,  a 
water  battery.  Its  diftance  from  high 
water  mark  is  863  feet,  and  its  elevation 
above  it  295  feet.  The  river  diredlly  op- 
pofite the  fallient  angle  of  the  water  bat- 
tery is  687  yards  wide,  and  line  enough 
ha^  not  yet  been  let  down  to  difcover  its 
depth.  The  plan  of  thcfe  works^  when 
complete,  will  prefcnt  the  handfomeft 
miUtary  profpe<5l  in  the  United  States. 
Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  State  of  Ken- 
tucky, contahiing  4870  inhabitants,  730 
are  flaves. 

L.oglio%vn,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Ohio,  S 
of  Butlei'sTown,  and  18  miles  from  Pittf- 
biirgh. 

L^ogivood  Country,  lies  N  \V'  of  the  Mof- 
quito  shore,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Honduras,  and  extends  from  Vera  Paz  to 
Yucatan  from  15  1-2  to  1 8  1-2  N  lat. 
The  whole  coaft  is  overfpread  vrith  iflots, 
keys  and  fhoals,  and  the  navigation  is  in- 
tricate. 

London,  the  toivnjhip  of,  U.  Canada,  is  fit- 
uatcd  on  the  main  fork  of  the  river 
Thames,  in  a  central  fituation  from  the 
lakes  Erie,  Huron,  and  Ontario,  and  con- 
fidered  by  Gen.  Simcoe,  as  the  proper 
place  for  the  feat  of  government.  Its  fit- 
uation offers  many  ftriking  advantages  for 
the  capital  of  the  province,  and  around  it 
is  a  large  tradl  of  excellent  land.  It  com- 
municates with  lake  St.  Clair  and  the  De- 
troit, by  the  river  Thames  ;  with  lake 
Huron  by  the  northern,  of  main  branch 
of  the  Thames  and  a  finall  portage  ;  and 
witk  the  Oufe,  and  l«ikt  Ontario  b)r  the 

militaiy 


ION 


LON 


kiilitary  way  called  Dundas  ftreet.  It  is 
alfo  wellfituated  for  health,  being  plenti- 
fully  fupplied  (by  fmall  dreams  and 
fprings,)  with  the  pureft  water.  It  a- 
bounds  with  black  and  white  walnut, 
cherry,  bafs,  elm,  hickory,  beech,  afh,  and 
many  other  kinds  of  timber.  Smyth. 

London^  a  town  in  Ann  Arundel  co. 
Maryland,  5  miles  S  W  of  Annapolis. 

London  Coi>e,  a  narrow  water  of  Long 
Ifland  Sound,  which  fets  up  N  into  the 
townflaip  of  New  London,  4  miles  W  of 
the  mouth  of  I'hames  river.  Millftone 
Point  feparatcs  it  from  another  much 
broader  on  the  W,  acrofs  which  is  a  hand- 
fome  bridge,  with  a  draw,  at  Rope 
Ferry. 

Londonderry,  A  jpofl:  toWn  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampfhire,  near  the  head  of  Bea- 
ver river,  which  empties  into  Merrimack 
river,  at  Pawtucket  Falls.  It  is  36  miles 
S  W  by  W  of  Portfmouth.  Londonderry 
was  fettled  in  1718,  and  incorporated 
1722,  and  contains  2650  inhabitants.  The 
people  are  nioftly  the  defcendants  of  emi- 
grants from  Uilter  co.  in  Ireland,  original- 
ly from  Scotland,  and  attend  largely  to 
the  manufacture  of  linen  cloth  and  thread, 
and  make  coniiderable  quantities  for  fale. 
The  town  is  much  indebted  to  them  for 
its  wealth  and  confequence. 

Londonderry,  a  townlliip  in  Halifax  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N  fide  of  Cobequid 
or  Colchefter  river,  about  30  miles  from 
its  mouth,  at  the  bafin  of  Minas.  It  was 
fettled  by  the  North  IriHi  and  Scotch. 

Londonderry,  a  townfliip,  in  the  N  W  part 
of  Windham  co.  Vermont,  on  the  head  wa- 
ters of  Weft  river,  about  33  miles  N  E  of 
Bennington  It  was  granted  March  i6, 
1780.  Moofe  Mountain  extends  into 
the  E  part  of  this  town.  In  1795  the 
townlliip  of  Londonderry  was  divided 
into  two,  and  the  E  half  called  M^bidham, 
the  W  half  retains  its  original  name. 

Londonderry,  two  townlliips  in  Pennfy!- 
Vania,  one  in  Dauphin  co.  with  1577  in- 
habitants ;  the  other  in  Somerfet  co. 
having  709  inhabitants. 

Lotidongrove,  a  townflup  in  Chefler  co. 
Pennfylvania,  921  inhabitants. 

Lon'^  Bay,  extends  along  the  ibore  of  N. 
and  S.  Carolina,  from  Cape  Fear  to  the 
mouth  of  Pedee  river. 

Long  Bay,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  idand  of 
Jamaica,  extends  from  Gutt  to  Swift  river, 
and  affords  anchorage  for  fmall  velTels. 

Long  Bay,  in  the  iiland  of  Barbadoes,  in 
the  W  Indies,  lies  on  the  W  fide  ot  the 
ifland,  having  St.  Jofeph's  river  S  E,  and 


Pico  TenerifFe  N  W.  Another  bay  ol^ 
the  fame  name  lies  on  the  S  end  of  the 
ifland. 

Long  Beach,  on  lake  Ontario,  U.  Cana- 
da, the  wefternmoft  point  of  which  is  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Dur- 
ham and  York,  and  between  the  town- 
lliips of  Darhngton  and  Whitby. 

Long  JJland,  in  Penobfcot  bay.  See 
Ljlejhorough. 

Long,  or  Eighteen  mile  Beach,  on  the 
coaft  of  N.  Jerfey,  lies  between  Little 
Egg  harbour  inlet  and  that  of  Barnegal. 

Long  IJland,  formerly  called  Manhattan^ 
afterwards  NnJJ'au  JJland,  belongs  to  the 
State  of  N.  York.  It  extends  from  Hud- 
fou  river  oppofite  to  Staten  Ifland,  almofl 
to  the  wellcrn  bounds  of  the  coaft  of 
Rhode  I.  terminating  with  Montauk  Point. 
Its  length  is  about  140  miles,  and  its  me- 
dium breadth  from  10  to  14  miles  ;  and 
feparated  from  Connecticut  by  Long  Ifl- 
and Sound.  It  contains  1,400  fquare 
miles  ;  and  is  divided  into  3  counties. 
King's,  Queen's  and  Suffolk,  and  tlicle 
again  into  19  townfliips.  The  N  fide 
of  the  ifland  is  rough  and  hilly.  A  fin- 
gle  range  of  thefe  hills  extends,  from 
Jamaica  to  Southhold.  The  foil  is  here 
well  calculated  for  raifing  grain,  hay,  and 
fruit.  The  S  fide  of  the  iiland  lies  low, 
v/ith  a  light  fandy  foil.  On  the  fea 
coaft  are  extenfive  tracSls  of  fait  meadow^ 
which  extend  from  Southampton  to  the 
Wend  of  the  ifland.  The  foil,  notwith-. 
ftanding,  is  well  adapted  to  the  culture 
of  grain,  particularly  Indian  corn.  Near 
the  middle  of  the  ifland  is  Hampftead 
Plain,  in  Queen's  co.  It  is  16  miles  long, 
and  about  8  broad.  This  plain  was 
never  known  to  have  any  natural  growth, 
except  a  particular  kind  of  wild  grafs,  and 
a  few  flirubs,  although  the  foil  is  black, 
and  to  appearance  rich.  It  produces 
fome  rye,  and  large  herds  of  cattle  are 
fed  upon  it,  as  well  as  on  the  fait  marflies- 
On  the  E  part  of  the  ifland,  E  of  Hamp- 
ftead Plain, is  a  large  barren  heath,  called 
iJufiiy  Plain.  It  is  overgrown  witii 
flirub  oak,  intermixed  wiih  a  few  pine 
trees,  where  a  number  of  wild  deer,  and 
grouie  harbour.  In  a  Bay  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifland  vaft  quantities  of  oyftcrs  are 
taken,  40  or  50  vefTcb  are  often  here  at 
a  time  loading  with  them.  Bafs  are 
caught  here  in  great  plenty.  The  larg- 
eft  river,  or  ftream  in  the  ifland  i» 
Peakonok,  an  inconfiderable  ftream.  It 
runs  E  and  empties  into  a  large  bay,  that 
fcparates  Stijthhold   from  Southampton. 

la 


LON 


LOR 


In  this  bay  are  Robbln  and  Shelter  lll- 
ands.  Rockconkama  pond  lies  about 
the  centre  of  the  illand,  between  Smith 
Town  and  Iflip,  and  i^  about  a  mile  in  cir- 
cumference, and  has  been  found,  by  ob- 
lervation,  to  rife  gradually  for  feveral 
years,  until  it  had  arrived  to  a  certain 
height,  and  then  to  fall  more  rapidly  to 
its  lowed  bed  ;  and  thus  is  continually  eb- 
bing and  flowing  :  the  caufe  has  never 
been  inveftlgated.  Two  miles  to  the 
fouthward  of  the  pond,  is  a  ftream  called 
Conneclicut  river, which  empties  into  the 
bay.  The  produce  of  the  middle  and 
weftern  parts  of  the  ifland  is  carried  to  N. 
York.  The  ifland  contains  42,09-7  in- 
habitants, of  whom  3,893  are  flaves. 

Lon^  IJland  Sound,  is  a  kind  of  inland  fea, 
from  3  to  2 J  miles  broad,  and  about  14a 
miles  long,  extending  the  wiiole  length  of 
the  ifland,  and  dividing  It  from  Connedti- 
cut.  It  communicatc'3  with  the  ocean 
at  both  ends  of  Long  Kland  ;  and  affords 
a  very  fafe  and  convenient  inland  naviga- 
tion. 

Lo7tg  IJland.  in  Sufquehannah  river*. 

Long  IJlind^  in  Holfton  river,  Teneflee, 
is  5  miles  long,  and  contains  2500  acres 
of  rich  land,  fubjecSt  to  inundations.  Here 
is  an  old  field  formerly  cultivated  by  the 
Indians.  Numbers  of  boats  are  built 
here  every  year,  and  loaded  with  the 
produce  of  the  State  for  New  Orleans.  It 
is  10  miles  W  of  the  mouth  of  Wataugo 
river,  43  from  Abingdon,  100  above 
Knoxville,  283  from  Nafliville,  and  1000 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Tenefiee.  It  is 
340  miles  S  W  by  W  of  Richmond,  in 
Virginia,  and  to  which  there  is  a  good 
waggon  road. 

Long  If.e,  or  TJl:  Rii-er  Indians,  inhabit 
on  Ifle,  or  White  river,  v^diich  runs  W 
into  the  river  Wabafli.  I'he  mouth  of 
"\V!iite  river  is  in  N  lat.  3838,  W  Ion.  90  7. 

Long  hihes,thc,  in  U.  Canada,  are  a  chain 
of  fmall  lakes,  extending  wefterly  from 
the  grand  Portage  of  lake  Superior 
toward  Rain  lake. 

Long  Lake,  in  the  Geneffee  country, 
N.  York.        See  Huneyyoc  Lal-e. 

Long  Alf.ido'zvya.  town  in  Hampfiiire  co; 
Maflachufetts,  lituated  en  the  E  bank  of 
ConnetSticut  river,  about  4  miles  S  of 
Springfield,  and  23  N  of  Hartford.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1783  ;  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  and  about  70 
dwelling  houl'es,  which  lie  upon  one  wide 
ftreet,  running  parallel  with  the  rlvei*. 
'I'he  tovvuliiip  contains  973  inhabitants. 

Lin^'  Fai/tt,  oa  lake  Erie,   U.    Caaala, 


now  called  the  N  Foreland,  is  that  long 
beach  or  fandbank,  ftretching  forth  into 
lake  Erie  from  the  tovvnfhip  of  Walfmg- 
ham,  and  forming  the  deep  bay  of  Long 
Point.  It  is  upwards  of  20  miles  long. 
From  the  head  of  the  bay  there  is  a  car- 
rying place  acrofs  over  a  flat  fand,  about 
8  chains  diftance,  into  lake  Erie,  which  is 
fometimes  fufficiently  overflown  to  be 
ufed  as  a  pafTage  for  fmall  boats,  rennillion 
Point,  between  Paun  Bay  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan, is  al^fo  calledL.  Point  in  fome  maps. 

Long  Fond,  in  Maine,  lies  moflly  in 
Bridgton,  and  is  10  miles  long  from  N  W 
to  S  E,  and  about  a  mile  broad.  On  each 
fide  of  this  pond  are  large  fwells  of  excel- 
lent land,  with  a  gradual  defcent  to  the 
margin  of  the  pond,  andfurnifli  a  variety 
of  romantic  profpeds.  See  Bridgton  and 
Stibagxi. 

Long  Saut  IJle  an,  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, U.  Canada,  and  in  front  of  the 
townlliip  of  Ofnabruck,  contains  from 
1000  to  1500  acres  ;  the  foil  is  good. 

Longitylle,  or  as  the  Indians  call  it, 
Kenapacomaqua,  an  Indian  village  on  the 
N  bank  of  Eel  river,  in  the  N.  W.  Terri- 
tory. It  v/as  deftroyed  by  Gen.  Scott 
in  i79r,  with  aoa  acres  of  corn  in  its 
neighbourhood; 

Longueil  TozimJhip,G\cng3LTy  CO.  U.  Can- 
ada, is  the  fecoud  in  afcending  the  Otta- 
wa river. 

Lookout  Cape,  on  the  coafl:  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, is  the  fouthern  point  of  a  long  infu- 
lated  and  narrow  flip  of  land,  eaflvvard 
of  Core  Sound.  Its  N  point  forms  the 
S  fide  of  Ocrecock  inlet,  which  leads  in- 
to Pamlico  Sound.  It  lies  N  E  of  Cape 
Fear,  and  S  of  Cape  Hatteras,  in  about 
latitude  34  50.  It  had  an  excellent  har- 
bour, which  has  been  filled  up  with  land 
lince  the  year  1777. 

Lookout  Cape,  on  the  fouthern  coaft  of 
Hudfon's  Bay,  in  New  South  Wales,  E  S 
E  of  the  mouth  of  Severn  river.  N  lat. 
56,  W  Ion.  84. 

Loonenburg,  in  Green  CO.  N.  York, 
v/here  is  a  poft  office,  near  the  city  olr" 
Hudlon. 

Loofa  Chitto.       See  Lonifa  Chitto. 

Lorembeck.  See  Louijburg.  It  is  a  cape 
near  the  N  fide  of  Louifburg  harbour, 
and  may  be  feen  12  leagues  off  at  lea. 

Lorenzo,  Cape  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
S.  America,  lies  in  the  province  of  Quito, 
W  of  the  city  of  that  name.  S  lat<^0  ao, 
W  Ion.  80  20. 

Zorf/Zo,  a  fmall  village   of  Chriftlan  In- 
dians, 3  leagues  N  E  of  Quebec,  inL.  Can- 
ada. 


LOU 


LOU 


'kd.a..  It  has  its  name  from  a  chapel  built 
according  to  the  model  of  the  Santa  Cafa 
at  Loretto,  in  Italy  ;  from  whence  an 
image  of  the  Holy  Virgin  has  been  fent 
to  the  converts  here,  refembling  that  in 
the  famous  Italian  fancStuary.  Thefe  con- 
verts are  of  the  Huron  tribe. 

Lorcfio,  Lady  of,  a  place  in  the  diftrict 
of  St.Dennis,on  the  illhmus of  California  ; 
■  the  Indians  call  it  Cancho.  H^re  is  a  fmall 
fort  eredi:ed  by  the  miffionaries,  conlift- 
ing  of  four  baflions,  and  furrounded  by  a 
deep  ditch.  In  this  jurifdidlion  are  15 
parillies,  including  4C00  profeffing  In- 
dians, under  the  Inftrudtion  of  Dominican 
friars. 

Loromtes  Store,  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  a 
place  weflerly  from  Fort  Lawrence,  and 
at  or  near  a  fork  of  a  branch  of  the  Great 
Miami  river,  which  falls  into  the  Ohio. 
At  this  fpot,  bounded  W  by  the  Indian 
line,  the  Indians  ceded  a  tracSl  of  land  to 
the  United  States,  6  miles  fquare,  by  the 
treaty  figned  Augufl:  3,  1795.  Here  the 
portage  commences  between  the  Miami 
of  the  Ohio,  and  St.  Mary's  river,  which 
runs  into  Lake  Erie. 

Los  Reyes,     See  Lima. 

Los  Rcyesy  the  chief  town  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Uragua,  in  the  E  divilion  of  Par- 
aguayyin  S.America. 

Los  Charcos,  2l  province  in  the  fouth- 
ern  divificn  of  Peru,  vvhofe  chief  cities 
are  Potofi  and  Porco. 

Loudon,  Fort.      See  Tcllico  Block  Hotife. 

Loudon,  a  county  of  Virginia,  on  the 
river  Potowmac,  adjoining  Fairfax,  Berk- 
ley, and  Faquier  counties.  It  is  about  50 
miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and  contains 
'''^S'.SZl  free  inhabitants,  and  4990  Haves. 
Chief  town,  Leefburg.  The  chief  moun- 
tains are  the  Blue  ridge  and  the  Kottoc- 
ton.  The  principal  Creeks  are  Goofe 
Creek,  Big  and  Little  KottoAon,  Bea- 
verdam,  and  Tufcarora.  Quarries  of 
grey  ftonc, white  flint  and  lime  are  found 
here.  The  climate  is  favourable  to  ap- 
ples, pears,  peaches,  plums,  cherries  and 
grapes.  This  county  was  firfl:  fettled 
from  Pennfylvania  and  N.  Jerfey. 

Loudon,  a  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  taken  from  Canterbury 
and  incorporated  in  1773.  It  is  on  the 
E  fide  of  Merrimack  river,  and  contains 
1279  inhabitants. 

Loudon,  a  townfliip  in  Bcrkfliire  co. 
Mafl"achufetts,2i  miks  S  E  of  Lenox,  24 
W  of  Springfield,  and  124  W  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1773,  and  con- 
tains 614  inhabitants,  and  ijjCCO  acre?, 
of  which  2944 are  ponds. 


Lotigfjaher,  or  Lochaher,  a  fmall  fcttlc- 
ment  in  Georgia,  on  a  branch  of  Savan- 
nah river,  above  its  confluence  with  the 
Tugulo,  the  W  main  branch. 

Loughlorough  Toivnjhtp,  in  Frontcnac 
county,  U.  Canada,  lies  in  the  rear,  and 
N  of  Kingfton. 

Louis,  Fort,  a  fcctlcment  formed  by  the 
French  near  the  mouth  ofthe  river  Coza, 
in  Florida,  about  20  leagues  N  E  of  the 
neareft  mouth  of  the  Miirifippi,  and  un- 
til the  peace  of  1763,  was  the  ufual  re- 
fidence  ofthe  principal  governor  of  Lou- 
ilia  n  a. 

I^ouis,  St.  the  capital  town  of  Guade- 
loupe, Grand  Ttrre.  It  has  a  fortrefs  3 
leagues  to  the  S  E  of  the  Salt  river.  See 
Guadaloupc. 

Louis  da  Maranham,  St.  a  town  cn  the 
northern  coafl  of  Brazil,  and  on  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  lituated  on  the  eafl:  fide  of 
Mearim  river  ;  about  half  way  between 
point  Mocoripe,  and  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Para. 

Louis,  St.  a  jurifdic^ion  and  town  on 
the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Sc.  Domingo. 
Thejurifdi(5lion  contains  3  parities.  Iti 
exports  fliipptd  from  the  town  of  St. 
Louis  from  January  i,  1789,  to  Decem- 
ber 31,  of  the  fame  year,  M'ere  I20,66clb, 
cofFee  ;  19,2531b.  cotton  ;  57511b.  indi- 
go. Total  value  of  duties  on  exporta- 
tion, 904  dollars  13  cents.  St.  Louis  is 
rather  a  borough  than  a  town.  It  is  fit- 
uated  on  the  head  of  the  bay  of  its  name, 
oppofite  a  number  of  fmall  ifles  which 
fliclter  the  bay  on  the  S  towards  the 
ocean,  and  on  the  S  fide  of  the  S  pen- 
infula,  8  leagues  N  E  of  l.cs  Caycs,  a  lit- 
tle more  than  3  S  W  of  Aquin,  and  36 
leagues  S  W  by  W  of  Port  au  Prince  : 
from  which  lafl  are  two  roads  leading  to 
it  ;  the  one  by  Jacmel,  the  other  by  Leo- 
gane,  and  of  much  the  fame  lengili ;  both 
join  at  Aquin.  N  lat.  18  18,  W  Ion.  from 
Paris,  75  52. 

Louis,  St.  a  fmall  compa<51:,  beautiful 
bay  in  W.  Florida,  having  about  7  fett 
water.  It  is  18  miles  from  the  Regolct-;, 
and  26  from  the  bay  of  Biloxi.  The 
land  near  it  is  of  a  light  foil,  and  good 
for  pafture.  There  were  feveral  ft  ttlera 
formerly  on  \\,  but  in  the  year  1767,  the 
Cha(5law  Indians  killed  their  cattle  and 
obliged  them  to  remove. 

Louis,  St.  a  town  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
river  Mifljfippi,25  milesbelowthe  mouth 
of  the  Miflouri.  Its  fcite  is  on  a  high 
piece  of  ground,  the  mofl  liealil.y  and 
pleafant  of  any  in  this  part  of  the  ccjn- 

try. 


LOU 


LOU 


try.  Here  the  Spanifli  commandant  and  j 
the  principal  Indian  traders  refidedjWho, 
by  conciliating  the  affedlions  of  the  na- 
tives,  drew  all  the  Indian  trade  of  the  \ 
MifTouri  ;  part  of  that  of  the  Miffifippi 
(northwards)  and  of  the  tribes  of  Indians 
refiding  near  the  Ouifconfing,  and  Illinois 
rivers,  to  this  village.  Here  are  about 
T30  large  and  commodious  houfes,  moflJy 
built  of  ftone,  and  925  inh;'.bitants,  of 
tvhom  z68  are  flaves.  This  was  the  num- 
ber in  1799.  This  year  the  produdlions 
of  this  fettlement,  were  4300  bufliels  of 
wheat,  10,300  bufliels  of  corn,  i65olbs,  of 
tobacco.  The  inhabitanls  pofTeired  11 40 
horned  cattle  and  Z15  horfes.  From  this 
place  and  Carondelet,  6  miles  below,  were 
exporred  the  year  abovementioned,  to  N. 
Orleans,  1 754  packs  of  Hiavcd  ikins,  loclbs. 
each,  valued  at  70,160  dolls. 

Loitifii^  a  county  of  Virginia,  adjoining 
Orange,  Albemarle,  Fluvanna,  Spottfylva- 
nfa,  and  GoocliLiud  counties.  It  is  about 
T^$  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  and  contains 
5900  free  inhabitants,  and  5992  flaves. 
There  are  here  fome  medicinal  iprings, 
ou  the  head  waters  of  South  Anna,  a 
branch  of  York  river  ;  but  they  are  little 
frequented.  The  principal  mountains  are 
the  S  W  mountains.  "Many  parts  are  cov- 
ered w:th  pine.  At  the  co\irt  houfe  is  a 
pofl:  office,  io3  miles  from  Waibington. 

Loutfa,  a  river  of  Virginia,  the  head  wa- 
ter of  Cole  river,  a  S  W  branch  of  the 
Great  Kanhaway. 

Lou'ifa  Ch'itto,  or  Loofa  Chitta,  a  river 
•which  rifes  on  the  borders  of  S.  Carolina, 
and  runs  a  S  wefkerly  courfe  through  the 
Georgia  v>reflern  lands,  and  joins  the  Miffi- 
nppijufc  below  the  Walnut  Hills,  and  10 
miles  from  Stony  nver.  It  is  z<^  yards 
•wide  at  its  mouth,  but  affer  you  enter  it, 
is  from  30  to  40  yards,  and  is  faid  to  he 
navigable  for  canoes  30  or  40  leagues.  It 
is  39  •  miles  below  the  Yazoo  clifls. 

Lourjhourg,  the  capital  of  Sydney,  or 
Cape  Breton  ifland,  in  N.  America.  Its 
harbour  is  one  of  the  iinefl  in  that  coun- 
try, being  aimoft  4  leagues  in  circuit,  and 
6  or  7  fathoms  water  in  every  part  of  it. 
The  anchorage  or  mooring,  is  good,  and 
fliips  may  run  aground  without  any  dan- 
ger. Its  entrance  is  not  above  300  toifes 
in  breadth,  formed  by  two  fmall  i  Hands, 
and  is  known  12  leagues  oiT  at  fea,  by 
Cape  I^orembec,  fituated  near  the  N  E 
fide  of  it.  Here"  is  plenty  of  cod,  and  the 
fifherv  may  be  continued  from  April  to 
the  clofe  of  November.      The  harbour  is 


W  to  S  E,  in  the  narroweft  part ;  and  6 
miles  in  length,  from  N  E  to  S  W.     In  the 
N  E  part  of  the  harbour  is  a  fine  careen- 
ing wharf  to    heave  down,  and  very  fe- 
cure  from  all   winds     On  the    oppofite 
fide  3re  the  fiiliing  (lages,  and   room  for 
2'^oo  boats  to  cure  their  fifli.     In  winter 
I  the  harbour  is  entirely  frozen  up,  fo  as  to 
:  be  walked  over,  which  feafon  begins  here 
I  at  the  clofe  of   November,   and  lafts  till 
{  May  or  June  ;  fometlmes  the  frofts  fet  in 
1  fooner,  and  are   m<'re  intenfe  ;  as  partic- 
I  ularly  in  174J,  Wjien   by  the  middle  of 
j  OAober  a  great  part   of  the  harbour  was 
;  already  frozen.     Thetown  of  Louifbourg 
I  ftands  on  a  point  of  land,  on  the  S  E  fide 
!  of  the  Illand  ;  its    ftreets  are  regular  and 
j  broad,  confi fling  for  the  mod:  part  of  ftone 
I  houfes,  with  a  large  parade  at  a  little  dif- 
tance  fr-om  the   citadel  ;    the  infide    of 
!  which  is  a  fine  fquare,  near  200  feet  every 
i  way.     On  its  N  fide,  while  poflefled  by 
;  the  French,  flood    the  governor's  houfe 
and  the   church  ;  the   other  fides  were 
'  taken  up  with  barracks,  bombproof;  in 
which  the   French   fecured  their  women 
:  and  children  during  the  fiege.    The  town 
is  near  half  a   mile  in  length,  and  2  in 
circuit.       The   principal   trade  of  Louif- 
bourg  is  the  cod  fiflaery,  from  which  vaft 
profits  accrue  to  the  inhabitants ;     the 
plenty  of  fifh   being  remarkable,  and  at 
j   the  fame  time  better  than  any  about  New- 
foundla.id.     See  Breiony  Cafe.       N  lat.  45 
54,  W  Ion.  5955. 

Loii'i/hourgb,  in  Pennfylvania.  See  Har* 
rijburgh. 

Lonijhiirg^  a  pofl  town,  Franklin  co.  N. 
Carolina,  265  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Louifiana.  On  the  30th  of  April  1803, 
the  property  and  fovereignty  of  this  ex-- 
tenfive  and  valuable  country,  which 
Spain  had  lately  reflored  to  France,  was,, 
by  inftruments  of  the  above  date,  on  cer- 
tain ftipulated  conditions,  transferred  to 
the  United  States.  The  Treaty  of  cef- 
fion  having  been  duly  ratified  by  the  A- 
merican  government,  Louifiana,  of  courfe, 
has  become  a  part  of  the  United  States. 
Since  this  important  acquifition  of  terri- 
torv,  great  pains  have  been  taken  by  the 
Writer  to  collecTt  from  every  exifting 
fource  of  information,  the  bell  defcription 
of  it.  The  refult  follows,  with  the  au- 
thorities annexed, 

Hijlorical  Remarh.  This  country  wns 
firfl:  difcov^ered  by  Ferdinand  de  Soto,  in 
1541  ;  if  was  afterwards  vifited  by  CoL 
Wood,  in  1654  ;  by  Capt.  Bolt,  in  1670 ; 


fnore  than  half  a  mile  in  breadth,  from  N  K  and  in    1682,  by  Mon.  de  la  Salle  from 

Canada, 


LOU 


LOU 


Canada,  who  was  the  firft  who  traverfed 
the  river  Miffiuppi  [Hi^h/juis.]  I.a  Sal- 
le was  of  Norman  extract,  an  inhabitant 
of  New  France,  a  pupil  and  difciple  of  the 
Jefuits,  and  a  bold  enterprifxng  charac- 
ter. In  1683,  he  repaired  to  France, 
where  he  made  fuch  reprefentations  to 
the  court,  of  his  difcoveries,  as  induced 
them  to  furnifli  him  with  four  fmall  vef- 
fels,  in  which  he  embarked,  with  a  little 
eolony  of  about  170  men,  for  the  mouths 
of  the  Millirippi.  By  mi  (take,  they  pafT- 
ed  the  place  of  deftination,  and  landed 
Feb.  1685,  in  the  Bay  of  St.  Bernard's, 
about  300  miles  W  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Miflifippi.  This  little  colony,  "  moft  of 
whom  were  very  corrupt,"  were  badly 
provided  v/ith  provlfions  and  ammuni- 
tion, moft  of  them  being  fwalloAved  up 
in  the  waves,  through  the  perfidy  of  the 
fea  officers  intrufted  with  the  landing  of 
them  ;  and  after  encountering  many 
hardfliips,  La  Salic  was  murdered  bv  fomc 
of  his  oy/n  men,  and  the  whole  colony 
miferably  perifhed  in  various  ways,  ex- 
cept feven,  who  penetrated  through  the 
country  to  Canada.  [Hayfta/.]  Thus 
ended  the  firfl:  European  attempt  to  fet- 
tle Louifiana.  In  1699,  Mon.  Ibberville, 
of  Canada,  a  brave  naval  officer,  having 
obtained  the  patronage  of  the  French 
court,  failed  fiom  Rochfort  for  the  Miili- 
fippi,  with  two  fln'ps,  and  a  number  of 
men,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  firft 
French  colony  on  the  Miflifippi.  Tiie 
country  now  for  the  firft  time,  was  called 
Louifiana.*  Two  years  after  a  new  re- 
cruit offettlers  arrived  ;  but  the  unfavour- 
able fituation  in  which  they  were  planted, 
the  death  of  Ibberville,  in  1706,1- and 
the  war  in  which  France  was  at  this  time 
engaged,  contributed  to  reduce  the  colo- 
ny to  great  wretchednefs  ;  and  in  lyiz 
had  diminiflied  their  number  to  twenty 
eight  famihes.  At  thi^  period  Crozat,  a 
merchant  of  immenfe  fortune,  petitioned 
for,  and  obtained  the  exclufive  trade  of 
Louifiana.  His  plans  were  patriotic  and 
extenfive,  but  he  failed  in  carrying  them 
into  effea:  ;  and  in  1717,  he  refigned  his 
charter  to  a  company  formed  by  that  fa- 
mous projedlor,  John  Law.  The  moft 
extravagant  accounts  of  this  country  were 
now  induftrioufly  circulated  through  va- 
rious parts  of  Europe  ;  and  "  the  MiiTifip- 
pi  became  the  center  of  all  men's  wifhes, 
hopes  and  fpeculations."  In  the  years' 
1718  and  1 719,  while   this  frenzy' pre- 

*  Ruynal. 

t  Pn  Pr.uzz:iys  1701 . 


railed,  a  numerous  colony  of  labourer* 
collected  from  France,  Germany  and 
Switzerland,  and  allured  by  the  mcft  flat- 
tering promifes  and  expectations,  weie 
conveyed  to  Louifiana,  and  fettled  in  a 
difiridl  called  Biloxi,  on  the  ifland  of  Or- 
leans, oppofite  to  and  about  12  miles  from 
Ship  Ifland, a"  fituation  the  moft  barren, 
unhealthy  and  inconvenient  of  any  on. 
the  coaft,"  where  thefe  unfortunate  ad- 
venturers died  by  hundreds,  through 
want  and  vexation.  The  miferable  fate 
of  this  colony  ruined  the  reputation  of 
Louifiana  ;  and  this  enchanting  country 
was  now  execrated,  and  its  very  name  for 
a  while,  became  a  reproach.  The  Mifli- 
fippi was  tlie  terror  of  freemen.  No  ic- 
cruits  were  to  be  found  to  fend  thither, 
but  fuch  as  were  taken  from  priibns  and 
houfes  of  ill  fame,  and  of  courfc  it  be- 
came the  receptacle  of  the  loweft  and 
moft  profligate  perfons  in  the  kingdom.. 
In  this  ftatc  the  colony  languiflicd,  till 
1731,  when  the  company,  at  the  expenfe 
of  1,450,000  livres,  purchafed  the  favour 
of  relinquifliing  their  concerns  into  the 
hands  of  the  government.  [Jiayra/.]  I'he 
boundaries  of  Louifiana,  as  granted  to 
Crozat,  were  N,  by  the  Illinois  river  and 
Lake,  [Hutchhts]  or  by  Canada  and  un- 
kncwn  lands.  [I^cyra/]  E  !->y  Carolina  and 
Florida,  S  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  W  by 
New  Mexico.  Its  length  was  not  afcer- 
tained  ;  its  mean  breadth  was  eftimated 
at  about  600  miles.  [IliyyTral.]  By  tl.e 
Treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  1713,  the  northern 
boundary  of  Louifiana  was  extended  to 
an  imaginary  line  drawn  from  a  promon- 
tory in  New  Britain,  in  N  lat.  58  30,  S  W 
through  lake  Mifgofi.uk,  or  Miftafim,  till 
it  ftrike  the  49th  degree  of  N  lat.  All  th« 
country  S  of  this  line,  i^s  far  as  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  was  annexed  to  Louifiana  ; 
all  N  of  it  was  confirmed  to  Great  Brit- 
ain. [Hutc/jins.]  And  yet  Danville,  in. 
his  map  of  Louifiana,  pubHflied  in  1752, 
limits  it  to  lat. 32  icN.  By  what  authority 
is  not  known.  [Fhierior:']  The  French 
for  ought  that  appears  remained  in  quiet 
pofieffion  of  this  extenfive  country,  ex- 
cept frequent  contefts  with  the  Indians, 
tin  1762.  The  Spaniards  of  New  Mexi- 
co indeed,  in  1720,  jealous  of  their  a(5H(ve 
neighbours,  formed  a  fclveme  of  eflablifli- 
ing  a  large  colony  on  the  MifTouri,  far 
beyond  the  limits  which  they  had  been 
wont  to  prefcribe  for  tbemfelves,  for  the 
purpofe  of  reducing  the  limits,  and  over- 
awing the  French  colonifts.  Accordingly, 
numerous  caravans,  who  were  to  confti- 

lute 


LOU 


LOU 


ttJte  tills  colony,  proceeded  from  St.  Fe, 
and  directed  their  march  towards  the 
country  of  the  Oil  ages  Indians,  with  de- 
Cgn  to  engage  this  nation,  the  mortal  en- 
emies of  the  Miflburies,  to  join  them  in 
conquering  the  country  of  the  latter, 
which  they  refolved  to  occupy.  The 
Spaniards  mifi'ed  their  way,  and  went  di- 
rectly to  the  nation  whofe  ruin  they 
meditated  ;  and  ignorant  of  their  miftake, 
communicated  their  dcfign  without  referve. 
The  Miffouri  chief,  who,  by  this  fingnlar 
miftake,  became  acquainted  with  the  dan- 
ger which  threatened  him  and  his  peo- 
ple, concealed  his  feelings,  and  informed 
the  Spaniards  that  he  would  readily  aflift 
in  accompUlliing  their  plan,  andrtqueft- 
ed  48  hours  to  affemble  his  warriors  hi 
the  mean  time,  the  unfufpecSling  Span- 
iards were  amufed  with  fports,  till  aoco 
warriors  had  colledled  with  their  arms, 
when  they  fell  upon  the  Spaniards  while 
afleep,  and  flew  every  foul,  except  the 
chaplain,  who  owed  his  prefervation  to 
the  fingularity  of  his  drefs.  [Utiynal.] 
The  Natchez  tribe  of  Indians  proved  for 
a  time  a  formidable  enemy  to  the  colony  ; 
but  in  the  year  1 731,  the  whole  tribe  was 
nearly  extirpated.  In  1736, and  again  in 
1740,  the  colonifls  were  engaged  in 
bloody  wars  with  t]ie  Chickafaw  Indians, 
in  the  former  of  which,  the  French  were 
defeated;  the  latter,  terminated  in  peace, 
which  has  not  fmce  been  interrupted. 
The  colonifls  had  flruggled  through  many 
difficulties,  and  overcome  many  obftacles 
in  the  way  of  their  profperity,  and  their 
profpetSls  were  now  brightening.  The 
peltry  trade  with  the  Indians,  and  their 
commerce  with  the  W.  Indies  were  in- 
creafing.  Two  hundred  Acadian  fami- 
lies had  already  planted  thcmfelves  on 
the  banks  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  more 
vrere  preparing  to  follow  them.  As  ma- 
ny as  12  or  1500  Canadians  were  on  their 
wav  to  fettle  in  Louifiana,  and  confidtr- 
able  accclTions  of  inhabitants  from  other 
places,  were  cxpecSled.  Such  was  the 
ftateof  this  colony,  when,  in  April  1764, 
the  French  court  announced  to  the  in- 
habitants, that  in  Nov.  1762,  liOuifiana, 
embracing  New  Orleans,  and  the  v/hole 
territory  W  of  the  Millifippi,  had  been 
ceded  to  Spain  by  a  fecret  treaty.  This 
nieafure  was  feverely  and  juflly  cenfurcd, 
not  only  as  impolitic,  but  as  an  offence 
againft  morality.  The  colonifls,  without 
their  knowledge  or  confent,  were  given 
away  to  a  foreign  power.  They  did  not 
fubmit  to  this  unjufl:    meafare  without 


manly  oppofiiion,  fo  that  complete  pof- 
Icilion  of  the  country  v/as  not  obtained 
by  Spain,  till  the  17th  of  Augufl,  1769. 
The  day  following,  fuch  of  the  citizens  a» 
chofe,  took  the  oaths  of  allegiance  to  the 
king  of  Spain.  "  Every  thing  was  now 
completed  hut  revenge.  VicVjms  were 
required.  Twelve  were  fekdlcd  from 
among  the  mod  diftinguillied  in  the  army, 
the  magiftracy  and  trade.  Six  of  thefe 
generous  men  atoned  v/ith  their  blood, 
for  the  conlideration  they  enjoyed.  The 
others,  perhaps  more  unfortunate,  were 
j  fent  to  languifli  out  their  lives  in  the  dun- 
j  geons  of  the  Havannah  ;  and  this  horri- 
ble tragedy  was  ordered  by  the  Spaiiifli 
miniflry,  wliile  the  French  miailtry 
fliCAVcd  no  indignation !"  [Eaynal.]  By 
the  treaty  of  peace  in  1763,  Canada, 
with  the  whole  territory  belonging  to 
France,  eaflward  of  the  middle  of  the 
Miflifippitothe  Ibberville,  thencethrough 
the  middle  of  that  river  to  the  Lakes 
Maurepas  and  Ponchartrain  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  v/as  ceded  to  Great  Britain, 
[See  Treaty.]  By  this  treaty  the  boun- 
daries of  the  Britifli  provinces  were  ex- 
tended fouthward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  wcftward  to  the  Miffifippi,  the  navi- 
gation of  which  to  its  mouth  was  to  be 
free  to  both  nations,  and  Louifiana  was 
limited  N  by  Canada,  and  R  by  the  Mit- 
fifippi,  excepting  that  it  included  the  iil- 
and  of  N.  Orleans,  on  its  E  bank.  This 
ftate  of  things  remained  till  the  Amer- 
ican revolutionary  war,  during  which ^ 
Spain,  in  1779,  17 80,  and  1781,  took  from 
Great  Britain,  the  two  Floridas  ;  the  U- 
nited  States,  according  to  their  prefent 
limits,  became  an  independent  govern- 
ment, leaving  to  Great  Britain,  of  all  her 
American  provinces,  thofe  only  which 
lie  N  and  E  of  the  U,  States.  All  thefe 
changes  were  fan(Stioned  and  confirmed 
by  the  treaty  of  1783.  From  that  peri- 
od, thefe  rcfpetftive  portions  of  N.  Amer- 
ica, remained  without  any  change  of  pro- 
prietors, till  the  treaty  of  St.  Ideifonfo,  of 
Oct.  1 , 1 80c.  By  this  treaty  Spain  "prom^ 
ifes  and  engages  on  her  party  to  cede  to  the 
French  Republic^fix  months  after  the  full  and 
entire  execution  of  the  conditions  and  fipulations 
therein  contained  relative  to  the  Duke  of  Par~ 
ma,  the  colony  or  province  of  Louifiana ^  ivith 
the  fume  extent  that  it  a6lually  has  in  the  hands 
of  Spain,  that  it  had  ivhen  France  po[feJfcd  it, 
and  fuch  as  it  fiould  be  after  the  treaties  fuhfe- 
quently  entered  into  betiveen  Spain  and  ether 
States."  "  This  treaty  was  confirmed  and 
enforced  by  that  of  Madrid,  of  the  aifl 

of 


LOU 


LOU 


Hf  March  i8oi.  From  France  it  paffed 
to  the  U.  States  by  the  treaty  of  the  30th 
of  April  1803,  as  abovementioned,  with 
a  reference  to  the  above  claufe  as  de- 
Icriptive  of  the  limits  ceded."     [_J'fferfon.'] 

'Title.  The  above  recited  claufe  from 
the  treaty  of  Idelfonfo,  which  makes  a 
part  of  the  treaty  of  the  30th  of  April, 
1803,  between  the  United  States  and  the 
French  Republic  ;  contains  our  title  to 
Louifiana.  The  validity  of  this  title  has 
been  doubted.  Events  will  foon  decide 
this  intereftin^  queftion.  *  Foi  the  above 
title  "  The  government  of  the  United 
States  engages  to  pay  to  the  French  gov- 
ernment, in  the  manner  fpecified  in  the 
following  article,  the  fum  of  60,000,000 
of  francs,  independent  of  the  fum  which 
fiiall  be  fixed  by  another  convention  for 
the  payment  of  the  debts  due  by  France 
to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

"For  the  payment  oft  he  lumof  60,000,000 
francs,  mentioned  in  the  preceding  ar- 
ticle, the  United  States  lliall  create  a 
flock  of  11,250,000  dollars,  bearing  an 
intereft  of  fix  per  centum  per  annum,  pay- 
able half  yearly  in  London,  Amfterdam 
or  Paris,  amounting  by  the  half  year  to 
337>500  dollars,  according  to  the  propor- 
tions vvliich  fliall  be  determined  by  the 
French  government  to  be  paid  at  either 
place  :  The  principal  of  the  faid  ftock  to 
be  reimburfed  at  the  treafury  of  the  U- 
nited  States,  in  annual  payments  of  not 
lefs  than  3,000,000  of  dollars  each  ;  of 
which  the  firft  payment  fliall  commence 
15  years  after  the  date  of  the  exchange 
of  ratifications  ;  this  ftock  fliall  be  tranf- 
ferred  to  the  government  of  France,  or 
to  fuch  perfon  or  perfons  as  fliall  be  au- 
thorifed  to  receive  it,  in  three  months^  at 
vioji,  after  the  exchange  of  the  ratifications 
of  this  treaty,  and  after  Louifiana  fhall 
be  taken  po'iTeffion  of  in  the  name  of  the 
government  of  the  United  States." 

Boundariet.  Louifiana  is  ceded  to  the 
United  States  "  with  the  fame  extent  that 
it  has  in  the  hands  of  Spain,  that  it  had 
when  France  poflefled  it."  What  then 
were  the  limits  of  Louifiana  when  in  the 
hands  of  France  in  1762,  and  fince  it  has 
been  in  polTellion  of  Spain  ?  For  thefc 
are  to  be  its  prefent  limits.  It  is  prop- 
er here  to  obferve  that  Wcjl  Florida  is 
known  neither  in  French  nor  Spanifli  Ge- 
ography. It  originated  with  the  Britifh 
in  1763,  at  which  time,  as  has  been  men- 
tioned, all  the  country  E  of  the  MifHfip- 

*  See  the  D^rbates  in  Congrcfs.  on  this  fubject. 


pi,  except  New  Orleans,  wa«  ceded  td 
this  nation,  who  then  for  the  firft  time 
divided  the  Territory  S  of  Georgia, 
and  E  of  the  Ibberville,  into  E.  and  W. 
Florida.  This  territorial  divifion  contin- 
ued only  till  the  country  was  taken  by, 
and  confirmed  to  Spain,  in  1783,  except 
in  the  books  of  Englifli  and  American 
Geography.  [Mitchell's  Ms.  Letter.]  «  Be- 
fore the  treaty  of  peace,  in  1762,  Louifia- 
na extended,  in  the  French  maps,  from, 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  to  near  45  degrees  of 
N  lat.  on  the  Wfide  of  the  MifTifippi,  and 
to  near  39  degrees  on  its  eaftern  bank. 
Its  boundaries  were  Canada  on  the  N,  N. 
York,  Pennfylvania,  Virginia,  Carolina, 
and  the  N  W  part  of  the  eafternm.oft  pe- 
ninfula  of  Florida  on  the  E,  the  Gulf  of 
IMexico  S,  and  N.  Mexico  W."  [Hutchirs.] 
According  to  Du  Pratz,  Louifiana  is 
bounded  S  and  W  as  above  ;  N  in  part 
by  Canada  ;  "  in  part  it  extends  without 
any  afllgnable  bounds,  to  the  Terra  hi- 
cognitJE,  adjoining  to  Hudfon's  bay  ;  E 
by  the  Britilli  provinces  abovemention- 
ed, and  by  Rio  Perdido,  fignifying  Loft 
river,  aptly  fo  called  by  the  Spaniards,  be- 
caufc'itiofes  itfelf  under  gr()und,and  after- 
wards appears  again  and  difcharges  itfelf 
into  the  fea  a  little  to  the  E  of  Mobile, 
on  v.hich  the  firft  French  planters  fettled.'" 
Thefe  limits  of  Louifiana,  as  poireiTed  br 
France  and  Spain,  and  acknowledged 
by  other  powers,  arc  from  the  beft  au- 
thorities, and  it  is  prefumtd  may  be  con- 
fidered  as  corre<5l  ;  and  they  give  us  the 
extent  of  our  newly  acquired  territory  ; 
the  boundaries  of  Avhich,  as  far  as  can  be 
afcertained,  arc  as  follows,  viz.  S  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  from  the  bay  of  St.  Bar- 
nard, S  W  of  the  Miflifippijt'o  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  Perdido,  above  defcribed  ;  up 
this  river  to  its  fource,  and  thence,  (if  it 
rife  not  N  of  the  31ft  degree  of  lat.)  on  a 
ftraight  line  N  to  that  parallel  ;  thence 
along  the  fouthern  boundary  of  the  U. 
States  W  to  the  Miflifippi  ;  then  up  thift 
river  to  its  fource,  as  eftabliflicd  by  the 
treaty  of  1783.  Beyond  this  point  the 
limits,  (which  are  conjetflural  and  have 
never  been  afcertained)  may  be  confid- 
ered  as  including  all  tlie  country  lying 
between  the  White  Bear  Lake,  or  other 
head  of  the  Miffifippi,  and  the  fource  of 
the  Miffouri  ;  and  between  this  laft  and 
the  head  fprings  of  the  i^rkanfas,  Red 
river,  and  other  copious  ftreams  which 
fall  into  the  MiiTifippi,  or  in  other  words, 
we  ni«y  confider  Louifiana  as  bounded  N 
and  ^i  W  by  the  high  lands,  which  di- 
vide 


to  It 


LOIS 


%Jde  ttie  waters  which  fall  into  the  St. 
jLawrence  and  Hudfon's  Bay,  from  ihofe 
•ivhich  fall  into  the  MifTiilppt  ;  W  by  that 
high  chain  of  mountains,  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Shining  JUTou^hiinSfWhich.  may 
be  called  the  5^/W  or  Andes  of  that  part 
of  N.  America,  and  which  turn  tlie  wa- 
ters on  the  W  of  them  to  the  Pacfiic,and 
thofe  on  the  E  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It 
embraces,  in  one  word,  the  whole  Hope, 
or  inclined  plain  fronting  the  S  E  and  E 
down  which  the  ftreams  of  alt  lizes,  flow 
into  the  bed  of  the  Miflihppi.  On  the  S 
\V  it  is  bounded  by  New  Mexico,  between 
which  and  Louifiana,  the  divifional  line 
has  never  been  fettled.  Some  pretend 
that  this  boundary  is  a  right  line  from 
the  head  of  Red  river,  to  that  of  the  Rio 
JSravo,  and  thence  down  its  channel  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Others  make  the 
Rio  Colerado,  a:nd  othefs  with  more  prob- 
ability, make  the  Rio  MexicanOj  the  S  W 
boundary  of  Louifiana. 

JDhrfioiis.  Louifiana,  as  above  defined, 
may  naturally  be  divided  into  three  grand 
divifions,  viz.  E.ijlerni  Loiver,  and  Upj;ti 
Louifiana. 

The  Eajlern  divifion  comprehends  all 
that  part  of  this  territory  which  lies  E 
of  the  MiiTirippi,  bounded  S  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  E  by  Perdido  rivet,  N  by  the 
Miflitippi  Territory,  and  W  by  the  Mif- 
lifippi  river.  This  divifion  embraces  the 
Ifland  of  New  Orleans,  and  is  watered 
by  the  Mobile,  Pafcagoula,  Pearl,  Bogue- 
chito,  Tanfipaho,  and  Amit  rivers,  with 
Thompfon's  Creek,  and  Bayou  Sara. 
\EllicottI\  The  whole  coaft  of  this  divifion 
embracing  the  old  Biloxi  diftrldl,  which 
was  the  firft  Inhabited  by  the  French, 
•whofe  dwellings  were  fuddenly  deftroyed 
by  a  great  lire,  conhfts  of  "  a  very  fine 
fand,  white  as  fnow,  very  injurious  to  the 
eyes,  and  fo  dry  as  not  to  be  iit  to  produce 
any  thing  but  pine,  cedar,  and  fome  ever- 
green oaks."[i),//';v/;2.J  The  Mobile  river 
*'  rolls  its  waters  over  a  pure  fand  which 
cannot  make  it  muddy."  *  It  has  few 
^{h  ;  and  "its  banks  and  neighbourhood 
are  not  very  fertile.  The  ground  is  ftony 
and  fcarce  any  thing  but  gravel  mixed 
with  a  little  earth."  [i/W.]  Between  the 
Pafcagoula  and  Miffifippi  rivers,  fome 
diftance  from  the  coafl;,  "  the  country  is 
intermixed  with  extenfive  hills,  fine  mea- 
dows, numbers  of  thickets,  and  fometimes 


*  Thisriver  in  sprins?,  after  the  rains  of  winter, 
S.S  a  fine  fiver,  lutt  in  frnimer  is  but  a  brook,  efpec- 
iall>  towarUs  iV5  fo-uivc.  IDiunynt-'} 


with  woods  thick  fet  with  cane,  particu- 
larly on  the  banks  of  rivers  and  brooks, 
and  extremely  proper  for  agriculture." 
[/i/c/.]  The  coaft,  though  flat,  fandy  and 
dry,abouncls  with  deheious  flielland  other 
!ilh,  and  aflbrds  fecurity  againft  the  dc- 
fcent  of  an  enemy. 

Loiver  Louifiana^  embraces  that  part  of 
this  territory  bounded  E  by  the  Miffifip- 
pi river,  S  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  S  W 
and  \V  by  New  Mexico,  N  by  a  line 
drawn  from  the  Miffifippi  W,  dividing  the 
country  in  which  ftone  is  found  from 
that  where  there  is  none.  This  line,  ac- 
cording to  Du  Pratz,  commences  on  the 
Wfide  ot  the  Mifljfippi,  at  Manchac  in 
N  hit.  30  20,  and  runs  a  varied  courfe  W 
to  N.  Mexico.  This  part  of  Louifiana  is 
watered  by  Red  river,  and  a  great  number 
of  rivers  which  fall  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico. On  both  fides  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Miflilippi,  which  are  unpleafant  to  theeye, 
quagmires,  incapable  of  bearing  up  the 
traveller,and  which  afforda  fafe  retreat  for 
water  fowl,  gnats  and  muflcetoes,  continue 
for  more  than  20  miles.  AH  the  coaft  from 
the  Miffifippi  W,  as  far  as  St.  Bernard's 
Bay  and  beyond,  refcnibles  the  coaft  al- 
ready defcribed,  of  the  eaftern  divifion, 
"it  ig  equally  flat,  formed  of  a  like  fand, 
and  a  bar  of  ifles,  which  lengthen  out 
the  coaft,  and  hinder  a  defcent  ;  and  its 
foil  is  barren."  [Z)«  Prat%?^  In  afcending 
the  Miffifippi,  after  you  leave  the  marfli- 
es  you  come  to  narrow  ftrips  of  firm  land, 
bordered  with  marflies,  on  each  fide  of 
the  river,  which  for  fome  diftance  are 
bare  of  trees,  and  afterwards  are  covered 
fo  thickly,  as  to  intercept  the  winds  in 
afcending  the  river  ;  thefe  narrow  necks 
of  land,  fit  for  cultivation,  are  continued 
as  far  as  the  Englifli  Turn.  \Du  Pratz.'] 
This  flat  country  is  without  ftones  or 
hills,  and  full  of  marflies  and  lakes.  "It 
appears  to  have  been  formed  by  every" 
thing  that  comes  down  to  the  fea.  Pretty 
near  the  Natchitoches  are  found  banks  of 
mufcle  fliells.  The  neighbouring  natloii 
affirms,  that  according  to  their  old  tradi-- 
tion,  the  fea  formerly  came  up  to  this 
place.  Every  thing  Indeed  in  this  coun- 
try fliews  that  the  Lower  Louifiana,  as 
above  defined,  is  a  country  gained  from 
the  fea,  whofe  bottom  is  a  chryftal  fand, 
white  as  fnow,  fine  as  flour,  and  fuch  as 
is  found  both  E  and  W  of  the  Miffifippi ; 
and  we  may  expecl  that  in  future  ages, 
the  river  and  fea,  may  form  another 
traiH:  of  country  like  Lower  Louifiana. 
The  Fort  Baiizc  flxews  that  a  century  is 
fuSicient 


LO  V 


LOU 


iafficient  to  erteml  Louifian?.  two  leagues 
into  the  fea."  [I>u  Fratz.] 

Rivers.  *'  The  greateft  objci'linn  to  tliis 
country,  is,  the  difficulty  of  accefs  to  it. 
There  is  no  river  of  any  confeijv.ence,  or 
port  or  harbour  for  iLips  or  velielsjto  the 
W,  from  the  mouths  of  the  Alijpfippito  the 
cape  where  the  W  boundary  oi  Lonift.ma 
commences  ;  coafequcnUy,  the  only  way 
toandfrom  th.e Ocean,  muft  be  tlarough  the 
channel  of  the  MiJJipppi,  up  as  far  as  Red 
5-iver,  and  thence  up  along  tliat  river  to 
the  high  land  in  the  Appahnfu  country,  or 
NatchiUjchts,vi\itxQ.  thefirfl:  high  landfjt  i'or 
extenfive  fettlenaents  is  to  be  found.  From 
the  BaUfe^  or  middle  mcmth  of  the  Mip- 
f~ppl,  which  is  the  finp  channel,  up  to  the 
city  of  Neiu  Orleans^  it  is  about  lOO  miles  ; 
from  Nerv  Orleans  to  Mancbac^  at  the 
m^3Uth  of  the  IbkrvHle,  which  is  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  the  iHandjit  is  about  lOO 
miles  more.  From  thence  up  the  Mijpjlppi 
to  the  mouth  of  Red  rirer  it  is  about  200 
miles  further,  and  from  the  mouth  of  Red 
river  to  tho  firfl  high  land,  it  is  conjectur- 
ed cannot  bs  much  fliort  of  another  100 
miles.  Thus  you  have  between  4  and  500 
miles  to  afcend  rivers  with  rapid  cur- 
rents, before  you  can  (lep  on  the  high 
grounds  or  country  of  Z/>r7/7,i'/;.7,  fit  for  an 
•extenfive  cultivation.  There  is  another 
<-ircum(tance  attending  this  country,  not 
very  generally  known,  which  is,  that  the 
■whole  of  the  lands  on  the  VV  fide  of  the 
^^ifflJ''PP^">  except  a  flip  of  one  plantatitm 
deep,  oppolite  part  of  the  i:land  of  Keiv 
Orleans,  and  the  fettleinent  at  Point  Coupee^ 
is  a  low  funken  country,  alm-ofl:  as  far  up 
as  the  Ohio  ;  great  part  of  it  is  covered  for 
near  4  mouths  in  the  year,  with  water 
from  ao  to  30  feet  deep,  and  extending 
nearly  30  mile-  back  from  the  edge  of  the 
river,  while  en  the  contrary,  on  the  E  fide 
except  here  and  there  a  few  low  places,  is 
a  high  bold  country.  It  is  acrois  thofe 
low  grounds  on  tlie  Vv'"  fide  principally, 
th:it  the  vafl  q\iantity  of  furplus  waters, 
which  How  into  the  Ai'ijji/ippi  above,  are 
difcharged  ;  the  channel  of  that  river 
alone,  which  is  upon  an  average  not  more 
than  three  fourths  of  a  mile  wide,  could 
not  vent  the  fiftieth  part  of  thefe  furplus 
waters,  if  it  was  not  convevcd  over  thcfe 
low  grounds,  through  ten  thoufand  chan- 
nel-;, towards  Lake  Barrataria  and  other 
lakes,  on  the  N  coaft  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  and  St.  Barnard's  Bay,  and  other's 
towards  theconfinesofili>.r/Vo,whichmake5 
all  the  country  to  the  W  and  S  of  the 
■^Ll'f'PPh  a  low,  uninhabitable  country, 
for  many  hundred  miles  up,  and  wixat  is 
Vol.  I.  Mm 


worfe,  the  labour  of  man  cannot  prevent 
it."*'  The  Miffifippi  is  the  principal 
river  of  Louiliana,  and  the  largeft  in 
the  United  States.  It  rifes  in  white  Bear 
Lake,  Lit.  48  15  N.  Its  courfe  is  fouther- 
ly,  and  its  tributary  flceams  large  and  nu- 
merous. In  lat.  37  o  23  N,lon.  jh  55^  38'^ 
W  from  Greenwich.  It  receives  the  Ohio 
a  noble  river  n 88  miles  in  length.  The 
confluence  cf  thefe  mighty  rivers  does  not 
prefent  a  fcene  grand  or  romantic.  The 
country  is  level,  and  the  profpetSt  of  their 
union  is  not  different  from  the  meeting  cf 
founds  or  rivers  en  the  fea  coall.  Thef« 
livers  unite  in  that  immenfe  fwamp 
through  vvhlch  the  Miflifppi  pa.Tea  into 
the  gulf  of  Mexico.  '1  his  iv-amp  extends 
from  the  high  lands  in  the  United  State* 
to  the  high  lands  111  Louifu^a,  through 
different  parts  of  wliich  the  R.  has  had  its 
courfe  iU  different  times.  It  is  generally 
from  36  to  45  miles  in  v/idth;  which  at  ev- 
ery inundation  is  mjuiy  feet  under  v^'ater ; 
the  greater  part  of  it  being  on  the  W  ^\fl9 
of  the  river.  Fromthcmouth  oftheGhiu 
to  the  foutl.ern  1  ne  of  the  U.  S.  ihere  are 
but  two  or  tiiree  places  not  covered  v/itJi 
water  a  part  of  every  year,  and  thofe  for  a 
time  are  annually  inluiatcd.  On  the  F  fidj 
areclevcnplncts  elevated  above  the  higheft 
Hoods.  LikethcNileandaiirivtrsfubjcdtto 
inundation,  the  barks  are  higher  on  the 
margin  of  the  river  than  at  a  diftance  from 
them.  Thofe  fwa^r.ps  and  lakes,  Avhic'v 
comm.unicate  immediatelv  with  the  gulif 
ofMexico, never  btcome  full,  confcquent- 
ly  flrcams  run  frt.ni  tlie  MiiTifippi  into 
them  till  its  waters  fall.  On  thefe  ptriodi- 
cal  and  temporary  ftreams  valuable  faw 
mills  are  ered.cd  in  the  vicinity  of  Ne-w 
Orleans.  'V\\c  dri^ pa  rrafier.t  hohy  of  wa- 
ter, whPch  leaves  the  Miffifippi,  and  fecks 
the  gulf  ci  Mexico  by  another  channel,  t& 
the  Chatalia.  It  Ims  made  its  way  through 
the  wtftern  bank,  jutl  below  the  fouthcru 
line  of  the  United  States,  and  when  tlie 
water  of  the  river  is  high,  its  current  is 
firong,  frequently  drawingrafts  and  boats 
down  its  channel,  v.hicli  are  generally  led. 
l^Iotwithflandiiig  the  mrgnicude  of  this 
fiream,itis  not  navigable  to  the  gulf  of 
Mexico.  It  has  formed  an  immenfe  fbrating 
bridgeo*  trees,  fo  C(unpa6i:,ihat  cattle  aiid 
horfcsare  driven  o\ er  it.  Diuing  tl,e inuru 
dationa  ct'nfuk-r.-.bic  flreMncaiied  theFay- 
ou  Manchac  t-x  Ibbervillt-,  IcaA  es  tlu  Mif- 
fifippi on  the  E  fuic  at  iviancf.ac,  which 
lalis  uitu   tiic  liver   Aniit,  v.Jiich  palfes 

thrinigli 

"  The  I'lc Ceding  rc-iriaik? -re  iscm  a  us]  ct  |-.i,i  , 
I'fhf-j!  in  (.;)iarif>rTon  (S.  C:.)  I'a'd  10  he  t'l  uni  '  ■.ci^ca 
<ji  apsU'oiicOircClIy  inloniK..!  un  ihel"ubjc.;t,  " 


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throuoh  lake  Maurepas  into  Lake  Poiit- 
chartrain,  which  by  ieveral  openings  near 
the  mouth  of  Pearl  or  Half  Way  river, 
communicates  with  the  gulf  of  IVIexico, 
This  for  a  part  of  the  year  places  New 
Orleans  on  an  idand,  which  may  be  cali- 
cd  the  Delta  of  Loui liana.  A  few  miles 
below  Manchac  on  the  W  fide,  another 
liranch  called  Plaqiiemin,  proceeds  from 
the  Miflifippi,  and  by  ftveral  mouths  falls 
into  the  gulf  of  Mexico  ;  from  this  branch 
there  is  a  water  communication  with  the 
Opeloufas.  At  fon^e  diflance  below  this 
on  the  fanie  iide  a  fircam  called  JLa  Four- 
che  proceeds  to  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  into 
^vh^ch  it  falls  by  two  channels  or  mouths. 
Between  New  Orleans  and  the  Balife  the 
MiiTiilppi  has  feveral  communications 
with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  but  they  are 
generally  two  fl^allow  to  iiavc  much  im- 
portance. [£/licott.] 

Red  Rit'cr,  has  it<;  fource  not  far  re- 
note  from  that  of  Rio  Bravo  or  Rio  del 
Norte  on  which  the  city  of  Smta  Fe  is 
built,  and  in  the  lame  mountains  in  which 
the  MilTov.ri  h?ads.  It  is  fald  that  boats 
afcend  loco  miles  above  the  ftttlements 
vf  the  Natchitoches,  'i'here  is  faid  to  be 
a  chain  of  mountains  lymg  E  and  W, 
fi)rming  nearly  a  riglit  angle  with  the 
j-reat  N  and  S  chain  The  fource  of  Red 
River  may  i)e  fuppofed  to  be  in  this  cor- 
ner as  it  were  of  Louifiana,  and  fcparated 
by  the  mountains  of  Santa  Fe,  from  the 
Ibiithern  country  beyond  whofe  Qrcaras 
run  fouthwardly  into  the  bay  of  St. 
Barnard.  Mltch'dl. 

"  On  each  fide  of  R«d  R.  are  Ibme  fcat- 
tcring  fcttleraents  for  about  50  miles,  to 
Eayan  Rapide,  on  which  are  about  100 
families.  I'he  land  here,  in  point  of  fer- 
tility, is  inferior  to  none  in  the  world  ; 
and  for  about  40  miles  hence,  to  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Appalufa  prairies,  palling 
Bayan  Robert,  and  Bayan  Baaif  (on  which 
a  few  fettiemcnts  are  beginning)  the 
country  is  equally  rich,  and  as  well  tim- 
bered as  any  land  can  be.  It  is  perfectly 
level  (refcmblino;  a  river  bed)  the  foil  20 
feet  deep,  and  like  a  bed  of  manure.  FL'gh- 
er  up  Red  river,  the  banks  and  low 
grounds  (which  are  5  or  6  miles  wide) 
are  nearly  of  the  lame  quality  as  the 
lands  on  Eayan  Rapide,  with  onlv  this 
diderence,  being  of  a  texture  fomewhat 
loofer,  which  is  perhaps  an  advantage. 
Here  are  but  few  fettlements,  till  you 
arrive  at  the  river  Cane  Settlement^  (fo 
called)  which  is  60  or  70  miles  higher 
up  Pv«d  river.     Froai  this  up  to  the  vil- 


lage or  port  of  Natchitoches,  which  » 
about  50  miles,  and  for  25  miles  above 
it,  the  banks  of  one  branch  of  Red  river 
are  fettled  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  Mif- 
fiiippi.  It  is  impoflible  to  conceive  of  more 
beautiful  fields  and  plantations,  or  more 
luxuriant  crops  of  corn,  cotton  and  to- 
bacco. The  town  or  port  of  Natchito- 
ches, (where  is  a  church,  the  refidence  of 
the  commandant,  prieft,  10  or  li  mer- 
chants, and  30  or  40  families)  was  for- 
merly a  French  garrifon,  and  an  out  pofc. 
It  is  handfume'y  iitua'ed  on  a  hill,  which 
overlooks  a  great  extent  of  well  cultivated 
fields  :  it  v/as  much  larger  50  or  60  years 
ago  than  at  prefent,  owing  to  many  of 
the  inhabitants,  who  before  lived  in  thft 
garrifon,  having,  within  thefe  30  or  40 
years  paft,  lettled  on  plantations  up  and 
down  the  river.  From  this  place  the 
great  weflern  road  takes  ofF  towards  Mex- 
ico, and  it  will  ever  be  an  important  place, 
being  the  key  to  an  immenfe  rich  country. 
The  population  of  the  iliftritSt  of  Natchi- 
tochesjis  between  4  and  5C00.  The  low 
grounds  of  Red  river,  are  generally  5  or  6 
miles  wide,  and  no  foil  can  be  richer,  and 
nearly  all  alike  ;  confiderable  part  of 
which  is  overflowed  annuallyin  the  month 
of  April;  but  it  continues  up  but  a  flicrt 
time,  and  always  falls  in  time  to  plant  cora 
and  tobacco,andrlfes  no  moretill  the  fame 
time  the  next  year.  There  are  fields  that, 
from  the  bed  account  I  can  obtain,  have 
been  planted  fucceiUvely  for  near  ico 
vears  in  corn  or  tobacco,  and  wever  known 
to  fail  in  producing  plentiful  crops,  nor 
is  the  foil  apparently  in  theleaft:  exhaufted. 
It  is  particularly  favourable  for  tobacco, 
which  grows  remarkably  luxuriant,  and 
has  a  very  fine  ftavour.  The  foil  has  a 
faline  impregnation,  which  imparts  fome^- 
thing  of  it  to  the  tobacco.  The  well  and 
river  v/ater  is  fomewhat  brackifli.  One 
hand  here  can  make  as  much  tobacco  in  a 
fsafon,  as  4  or  5  on  the  befl  lands  in  Vir- 
ginia or  N.  Carolina.  It  is  made  with- 
out any  hills  being  raifed,  and  grows  io 
quick  (from  the  ftrength  and  warmth  of 
the  foil)  that  they  ufually  cut  it  three 
times  :  when  prepared  for  market,  it  i* 
ftemmed  and  made  into  twifts  of  live 
pounds  each.  From  80  to  100  bufliels 
of  corn  can  be  made  to  the  acre.  Cotton 
produces  equally  well  The  gardens  on 
the  natural  foil  (for  they  cannot  be  made 
richer  with  manure)  arc  not  lefs  aftonifh- 
ing  or  extraordinary.  I  have  particular- 
ly obferved  the  very  great  height  t» 
wliicU  the  artichoke  grow* j  they  are  ufu- 
ally 


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iilly  10  feet,  and  very  frequently  la  and  15 
feet  high.  la  the  neighbourhood  of 
Natchitoches  are  feveral  fnlt  fprings,  the 
waters  of  which  are  at  lead:  three  times 
as  ftrong  as  fea  water.  Two  men,  with 
10  or  12  old  pots  and  kettles,  fupply  the 
Xettlemeut  on  Red  river  with  fait.  The 
fpruigs  are  almofl:  inexhauftible,  and 
would  admit  of  ve.y  large  quantities  of 
fait  being  made  from  tliem.  There  are 
likewife  plenty  of , iron  and  copper  ore, 
j)it  coal,  fliell  and  fione  lime.  The  dif- 
ferent branches  of  the  river,  the  lakes, 
creeks  and  bayans,  abound  with  very  fine 
full,  cockles,  foft  flielled  turtle  and 
Ihrimps,  and  in  winter  great  varieties  of 
wild  fowl.  This  country  is  far  from  be- 
ing fickly.  The  river  being  very  deep, 
does  not  get  much  heated ;  the  houfes  are 
immediately  on  its  banks,  which  ai^e  kept 
perfectly  clean :  and  the  water  being 
faltifli,  prevents  the  exhalation  of  fickly 
vapours;  and  it  is  happily  freed  from  many 
of  thofe  troublefome  infedls  fo  comm.on 
in  the  foiithern  ftates,  particularly  the 
bed  bug.  The  mofchetto  is  very  rarely 
feeu  here.  The  high  lands,  which  are  all 
vacant  and  unfcttled,  are  covered  with 
a  thick  growth  of  oak,  hickory,  afh, 
gum,  faffafras,  dog%vood,  buckeye,  grape 
vinesj  Sac.  intermixed  with  fome  fliort 
leaved  pine,  and  interfperfed  with  prai- 
ries, creeks,  lakes  and  fountains :  it  is  not 
mountainous,butgentlyrifing  hills  andval- 
lies,and  generally  a  ftrong  clay  foil.  But 
the  appearance  of  both  the  timber  and 
land  is  very  much  injured  by  the  frequent 
burning  of  the  woods  The  country  on 
Red  river  Is  moft  valuable,  begins  about 
50  or  60  milesabovethe  upperfcttlemcnts, 
and  extends  4  or5Comiles.  The  R.  there 
never  overflows  its  banks ;  the  low  ground? 
are  wide,  and  from  the  rWcr,  for  40  miles  on 
each  fide,  the  lands  are  remarkably  rich, 
interfperfed  with  handfome  prairies,  beau- 
tiful ftreams  and  fountains  ;  alfo  quarries 
of  freeftone,  lime,  flint,  flate,  grit,  and  al- 
moft  every  kind  of  flone.  In  afcending 
Red  R.  about  30  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
it,  Black  river  falls  In  on  the  N  fide  ;  this 
is  alv/ays  a  clear  navigable  ftream,  for  5 
or  6co  miles.  About  100  miles  up  it, 
it  branches,  at  the  fame  place,  in  three 
diiTcrent  directions.  Tlie  E  branch,  called 
the  Tcnfaw,  Is  navigable  for  many  miles, 
alTords  rich  land,  which  is  all  vacant. 
The  middle  or  main  branch,  called  Wafli- 
pta,  Is  navigable  500  miles,  on  which  is 
;m  old  fetrieinjent,  affords  excellent  lands, 
felt  fp rings,  lead  ore,  and  plenty  of  very 


good  mill  and  grind  ftones.  The  weft- 
em  branch,  called  Catahola,  (on  which 
are  ao  or  30  fanalies  newly  fettled)  runs 
through  a  beautiful  rich  prairie  country, 
in  which  is  a  large  lake,  called  Ciitahola 
Lake.  On  this  lake  are  fald  to  be  a  great 
number  of  fait  f[)rings,  and  very  remarka- 
ble accounts  are  given  of  the  iiih  and  Irv,  i 
v/Ith  which  it  abounds.  On  the  rivt  r 
called  Czark,  are  many  valuable  tracts  of 
land,  fome  of  which  are  fettled.  The 
fame  of  White  river  and  Saint  Fran- 
cois." .     Sibley. 

Upper  Loujjiana,  comprehends  all  the  re- 
mainder of  thife  territory,  and  is  the  larg- 
efl;  and  moft  valuable  part.  It  has  L.  I.ou- 
iliana  S,  the  Milfifippi  E,  arid  N  and  V.'' 
the  highlands  and  nountains  which  di- 
vide the  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  Hud- 
fon's  Eay,  and  the  Pacific  Ocean,  from 
thofe  of  the  Mifiifippl.  It  is  watered  by 
Red  river,  the  Arkanfas,  St.  Erancis,  and 
the  Mifiouri,  v/ith  a  vaft  number  of  fmall- 
er  ftreams,  which  fall  Into  thcfe  or  the 
Mlft'irippl.  "  From  the  lower  fettlejnent, 
at  Sans -la  Grace,  to  the  upper  fettlcments 
on  the  MiiTouri  (a  diftance  of  upwards  of 
250  mile-)  containing  a  populat  on  of  ^o 
or  60,000,  is  a  couiitry  equal  to  Kentucky, 
or  any  part  of  our  weltern  territt^rV  ;  and 
the  lead  and  iron  niines  contained  in  it, 
render  it  a  country  of  vaft  importance." 
\_SiLlcy.']  "  1  he  bottom  of  tlje  lands  on 
tiie  hills,  is  a  red  clay,  and  fo  ccm- 
pacSt  as  might  afford  a  folld  foundation 
for  any  building.  This  clay  Is  covered  by 
a  light  earth  ahnoft  black,  and  very  fer- 
tile. Tlifc  grafs  grows  heie  knee  high  ; 
and  In  the  bott()ni>,  whith  feparate  thefe 
fmall  eminences,  It  is  higher  thin  the  tall- 
tft  man.  Tov  ards  the  end  of  September 
this  grafs  is  fet  on  fire  ;  and  in  8  or  10 
days  after,  young  grafs  flioots  up  half  a 
foot  high.  One  W'ill  eafily  judge  that  in 
fuch  pafturcs  herds  of  all  creatures  fatten 
extraordinarily."  [Du  I'raiz.]  As  ycu 
advance  norLLv/ard  towards  tlic  Arkanfas 
and  St.  Francis,  the  country  I)eccmej  more 
beautiful  and  fertile,  abcundijig  In  vari- 
ous kinds  t)f  game,  as  beavers,  &c.  herds 
of  deer,  clk»and  buffaloes,  of  from  6  to 
100  In  a  drove,  are  frequently  met  with 
In  this  wildernefs.  In  this  vicinity  have 
been  found  fpccimens  of  rock  rhryftal, 
plafierof  Paris,  lead  raid  iron  ore,  lime- 
ftone  and  pit  coal.  ,[ipid.]  This  country, 
according  to  Father  Hennepin,  h^is  ali  the 
trees  common  in  Furo])e,  bcfide  others  not 
known  there.  Here  are  the  findl  cedars 
in  the  world,  and  a  t:  ee  yielding  a  frag- 

laat 


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rant  gum,  which  exceeds  the  bed  Euro- 
pean perfumes.     The  cotton  trees  are  fo 
large  that  the  Indians  make  canoes  out  of 
their  trunks,  lOO  feet  long.     Hemp  grows 
here  naturally  ;  tar  is  produced  from  the 
pines  on  the  fea  coan: ;  and  the  country 
affords  every  material  for  fliip  building. 
Here  are  "  vaft  meadows  which  need  not 
be  grubbed   up,  but  are  ready  for  the 
plough  and  feed.     Bean?  grow  without 
culture  ;  and  their  (talks  fubilft  feveral 
years,  bearing  fruit  at  tlie  proper  feafons. 
The  ftaiks  are  as  big  as  one's  arm,  and 
like  ivy   climb  the  highefl:   trees.     The 
.peach  trees  are  fo  fruittul  that  they  break 
if  not  fupported.     The  forefts  are  full  of 
mulberry   and    plum    trees.      Here   are 
pomegranate  ani  chefnut  trees  covered 
with  vines   whofe  grapes  are  very  large 
and  fvveet.     They  have  3  or  4  croiis  of  In-  . 
d;aa  corn  in  one  year  ;  for  they  have  no 
other  winter  than  fome  rains.  Alines  of  pit 
coaljlcadand  copper  were  ihewn  us  by  the 
Indians  ;  alfo  quarries  of  free  ftone,  and 
of  black,  white  and  jafper  like  marble,  of  ! 
which  they  make  their  cahimets."     [Urn-  j 
n  p/;z^.t  Neiu  Dif.  of  J  large  country  in  Amerk::,   \ 
/.  139.]     One   fpccies  of  timber,  which  is   j 
common  from    the  mouth  ot  the  Ohio  , 
down    the    Miffifippi    fvvamp,  is   cotton   ; 
Tvood.    It  reiembles  the  Lombardy  poplar  | 
in  the  quicknefs  of  its  grow.'tli,  and  thcloft-  I 
ncfs  of  the  timber,     Iherc  are    alio  the  | 
pipawand    black  afli,  butfon   wood    or  ! 
Sycamore,   hickory,  and   cyprefs.      This  j 
lail  is  a  valuable    kind  ot  timbrr,   and  1 
grows  in  great  abundance.     Here  is  alfo 
wild  cherry,  falTafras,  beech,  chefnut  and  ' 
Eermudian    mulberry  trees.     From   the 
walnut  hills  to  Point  Coupee,  and  caftcrly 
^S   or   20  miles,   the    whole   country  in 
its  natural  ftate  was  one  continued  cane 
brake.     The  cane  is   generally    36   feet 
high,  often  4s  ;  inienninglcd  Avith  a  fmall- 
er  fpecics,they  continue  thence  on  all  the  : 
creeks  to  the  gulf  of   Al^xico.     [EUicott.']   \ 
In  the   S  wcflern    part  of  I..  Louillaaa,  | 
bordering  on  N.   Alexico,   the  lands  are  ! 
excellent,  covered  in  fome  places  with  op-  i 
en  woods  of  tall  trees,  through  which  one  j 
may,  without  ditnculty,   ride  on    horfe-  I 
back ;    in  other   places    tiie    woods    are   1 
thicker.     Meadows  of  a  rich  foil  are  in-  j 
terfperfed,  the  whole    country  is  watered   ij 
bynmnerous  rivers,  and  inhabited  by  an  j| 
abundance  of  wiid    animaU,   and   otiier 
game.     A  ridge  of  high  land  from  one  to 
f;x  leagues  in   breadth,  commences    fome 
diftance  W  of  the    MifTihppi,  and   con- 
tinues  <^ulte  to    N.  IvUxico.    The   Red  f 


;  river  boutida  it  on  the  N,  towards  whi3h 
it  declines  by  windings,  where  it  is  di- 
verfified  alternately  with  meadows  and 
woods.  The  top  of  this  ridge  is  almoft 
bare,  producing  x  iiue  grafs  wiiich  grow* 
between  the  ftones.  The  buffaloes,  whea- 
drivan  from  the  plains  by  the  rain,  feed 
on  this  grafs,  but  becaufe  they  find  here 
neither  water  nor  fait  petre,  they  at  oth- 
er times  confine  themfclves  to  the  plaui*. 
As  all  cloven  footed  animals  are  extreme- 
ly fond  of  fait,  it  is  worthy  of  remark, 
that  Louifiana,  in  general,  contains  a 
great  deal  of  faitpetrc.  D«  Pratz, 

Minerals  an  J  fait  luaters.  Above  the 
Nachitoches  dwell  the  Cadodaquieboa 
Indians.  Near  one  of  their  villages  is  a 
rich  filver  mine.  The  filver  lies  in  a 
(lone  of  chefnut  colour.  Further  N  is 
another  fiU'er  mine.  Lead  ore  is  alfo 
found  in  different  places  ;  alfo  iron  ore, 
pit  coai,  marble,  Hate,  and  plaftcr  of  Par- 
is. Alccnding  Black  river,  about  30 
leagues,  it  receives  from  the  W  a  brook 
of  fait  water.  It*  fourcc  is  a  lake  of  fait 
water  2  leagues  diftaut,  which  is  about  6 
miles  lon^,  and  3  broad  ;  3  miles  N  of 
j  this  is  another  fait  lake  nearly  as  large. 
j  N  of  Red  river  is  a  fpring  of  water  very 
fait.  [Z)v  Frizfz.)  About  600  miles  yp 
the  Miflburi  arc  found  large  quantities. 
I  of  lollile  fait.  Whole  hills  of  it  are  near 
tiic  river, and,  from  fpeciniens  which  have 
been  exhibited,  it  appears  of  an  excellent 
quality.  'Vlxc  lead  ore  at  St.  Genvieve  is 
remarkably  pure  and  produdtive.  There 
is  no  regular  company  for  procuring  and 
I  working  it  ;  but  the  fettlers  at  their  Icif- 
urc  dig  for  it,  fatisficd  with  what  they 
hnd  within  15  feet  depth.  Mr.  Auflia 
(from  CouneiSlitut)  fettled  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, purchafes  coniiderable  of  the 
inhabitants  for  the  works  he  has  fet  up  for 
making  flicet  lead  and  fliot.  It  is  found 
to  yield  from  60  to  74  per  cent,  from  the 
native  ore.  The  common  method  the 
people  ufe  for  fmelting  it,  is  only  to  make 
a  fire  wiih  logs  and  decayed  timber,  and 
then  pile  on  the  ore  and  let  it  melt,  and 
take  up  the  lead  from  the  aflies  of  the 
heap.  GiltJian. 

Rivert.  St  Peter  Is  the  firfl  branch  of 
the  MlfTifippi  worthy  of  notice  below  the 
falls  of  St.  Anthony.  It  comes  from  the 
W.  This  is  a  conlidcrahle  river.  Man- 
gona  is  a  branch  from  the  W,  which  en- 
ters the  Miflifippi  250  leagues  below  the 
falls  ;  it  is  150  leagues  in  length.  The 
MifTouri-has  a  courfe  of  800  leagues,  and 
mingles  its  \vaters  rdili  the  MilEfippi, 


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^cy  le^^nes  below  St.  Anthony's  falls, 
'ihe  C.inzas,  one  of  its  branches,  is  in 
length  150  leagues-  The  St.  Francis  is  a 
confiderable  brancii,  whicli  frills  into  the 
Miliifippi  more  than  30  leagues  above  the 
Arkanl'as  :  this  lafl;  ftream  has  its  moutli 
200  ItMg'ics  above  New  Orleans.  Its 
Iburce  is  in  the  mountain  of  Santa  Fc  in 
N.  Mexico  ;  its  courfe  is  firft  a  little  N 
tor  100  leagues;  it  then  turns  S  E  ;  its 
length  is  about  300  leagues. 

Clhnatc.  During  the  winter  the  weath- 
er is  very  changeable,  generally  through- 
out Lower,  and  the  fouthcrn  part  of 
Upper  Loaifuaa.  In  fummcr  it  is  regu- 
Lirly  hot.  In  the  latitude  of  the  Natchez, 
Farenheit's  thermometer  ranges  from  17 
ro  ^^i?  The  average  degree  of  heat,  is 
f^Htcd  to  be  14^  greater  than  in  Pcnnfyl- 
rania.  [£///Vt/.]  The  climate  of  J.,ouift- 
ana  vanes  in  proportion  ?,s  it  extends 
northward.  Its  fouthe  n  parts  are  not 
fubjc^t  to  the  fame  degree  of  heat,  as  the 
fame  latitudes  in  Africa,  nor  its  northern 
parts  to  th.e  fame  degree  of  cold  as  the 
correfpondnig  lat'Ludcs  in  Europe  ;  ow- 
ing to  the  thick  woods  which  cover  the 
country,  and  to  tlie  great  number  of  riv- 
ers which  interfecl  it.  The  former  pre- 
vent the  fun  from  fcorching  the  earth  ; 
the  latter  caufea  great  degree  of  humidi- 


ty which  foftensthe  air,  and  prevents  ex- 
treme cold.  [Du  jPratz.]  The  prcv;!il- 
ing  difeai'es  on  the  lower  part  of  the  O- 
hio,  on  the  Mifhfippi,  and  through  the 
Floridas,  are  bilious  fevers.  In  fome  fea- 
fons  they  are  mild,  and  are  little  more 
than  common  intermittent^,  in  others 
they  are  highly  malignant,  and  pppfoach 
the  genuine  ytilow  fever  of  the  W.  in- 
dies. EU}:r:t. 

S'ibJiv'f:o;ts  and  Population.  We  have 
already  divided  Louiliana,  25  ceded  to 
the  U.  States,  into  three  grand  diviiion^, 
v'z.  E:!jiern,  Loiver  and  Upper  Louijlana. 
V/e  Oiall  no'.v  notice  their  fubdiv- liens. 
It  will  be  proper  previou'ly  to  remark., 
that  the  modern  divifirnal  line  b-twcen 
U.  and  \4.  Touifxana  does  not  correfpond 
with  the  one  already  dcfcribed  by  Du 
Pratz,  feparating  the  territory  ivitlani- 
from  the  territory  %vitb  ftoncs  ;  it  com- 
mences much  high<  r  up  the  M'ffiljppf,  ai 
La  Petite  Prairie,  near  New  Madrid,  :?- 
bout  lat.  36  30  N.  The  befl  view  of  the 
fuhdivlfions  and  population  of  Loui(i?.nn, 
is  contained  in  the  following  table,  which 
has  the  ftamp  of  c  i5icial  authority,  having 
betn  communicated  to  Cor.grcfs  by  the 
Preiident  of  the  U.  States,  in  the  Appen- 
dix of  his  account  of  Douiliana. 


Names  axd  Situatto:'I    of  the  Posts  or.  Districts 


rotah 


Bahze  to  ^sew  (Jrieans,  -  -  -  .  . 

S?n  Bernado  or  Terre  aux   boeufs  on  a  creek  running"^ 

from  the  Englifli  turn  E  to  thefea  and  Lake  Borgna,  i[ 
City  of  New  Orleans  and  fuburbs,         -         -         _ 
Bayou  St.  Jean  and  Chantilly  between  the  city  and  ' 

Lake  Pontchartrain,         -         _         -         _         _ 
Coafl  of  Chapitoulas,  or  along  the  Bank*  of  the  Mil- 

fippi  6  leagues  upwards,         -         _         _         _ 
Firft  German  Coaft,  from  6  to  10  leagues  upwards  on 

both  banks,  ----._ 

Second  do.  from  ic  leagues  and  ending  at  id  do.     - 
C'atahanofe,or  firft  Acadian  Coafl,  commencingat  16 

leagues  above  the  City  and   ending  at  23  on  both 

banks,         ----__- 
Fouche  or  fccond  Acadian  Coaft  from  ^3  to  30  leagues 

above    town,       -  .         _         -         -         _ 

Valcnzuela  or  fettlements  on  the  Bafon  dc  la   Fouche 

running  from  the  W  fide  of  the  Miffifipp; 

fea,  and   called  in  old  maps  the   Fourche 

ere  des  Chilimachas, 
Jbberville  Pari lli, commencingat  about  30  leagues  from^ 

Orleans  and  ending  at  the  river  of  the  fame   name,^ 
Galveztown,  fituated  on  the  river  Ibberville,  between") 

the  Miffifippi  and  Lake  Maurepas,  cppofitethev 

wouth  s>f  the  Amir,  ....  3 


I  roucJie"^ 

)i   to  the/ 

or  Rivi-  T 


2>9^ 


i33i 


— 

— 

688 

113 

883 

21 

13S2 

677 

— 

1797 

— 

658 

13 

ai3 

S 

^m 


i6zc 

IC46 


386 
a6 


a3^«. 
66  r 

8056 
489 

1444 

24^.1 

1. 41 

2064 

1057 

24-7 


Government 


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LOU 


Names  and  Situation  or  the  Posts  or  Districts. 


\l^Jtitei-\p'^  of 

\'-i)lnur. 


SliT-cei. 


l 


Liver  V 

:"1 


958 

859 
1646 


336 


7Sj 


Z3S 


601 
181 
840 

337 

445 
416 

711 
46 


Goverumcni  of  Uaton    Rouge,  including  all   the  lettie 

ments  between  the  Ibberville  and  the  line  of  demark 

ation,  _  _  .  .  _ 

Pointe  Coupee  and  Falfe  River  behind  it  50  leagues  from  1 

Orleans,  en  the  W  fide  of  the  Miffifippi,  -  \ 

Atacapas,  on  the  rivers  'i'tche  and   VermilHon,   &c.  to  "5 

the  "W  of  the  Miflifippi,  and  near   the  fea,         -  3 

Opeloufas  adjoining  to,  and  to  the  N  E  of  the  foregoing 
Ojuachita  on  the  river  of  the  fame  name  or  upper  part 

of  the  Black  river,  which  empties  into  the  R 

Rouge,  -  -  - 

Avoyelles  oh  the  Red  river,  about       leagues  from 

Miflifippi,  .  -  _  _ 

Rapide  on  do.  about      leagues  hrglier  up, 
Natchitoches  on  do.  about  75   leagues  from  the  MifO 

fifippi* S 

Concord,    an  infant   fettlemtnt    on  the  banks  of  the"?  „ 

MifRfippi,  oppofite  Natchez,  .         -         .  ^  k^o^n. 

Ark?,nfa«,  on  the  river  of  the  fame  name,  about  12  leagues? 

from  its  mouth,         --____        ^ 
Spanifli    Illinois,  or  U.  Louifiana,  from   I.a  Petite  Pra- 7 

iric,  near  Ncvr  Madrid,  to  the  MilTouri,  inclufivc,  viz.5 
St.  Louis,  on  the  Miflifippi  5  leagues  below  the  Mif 

fouri,         ----.__. 
Caroadclct,    on  the  Minrifippi   tvv'o    leagues  below  St. 7 

Louis,  -----  ^ 

JTt.  Charles,  on  the  Miflouri  7  leagues  from  its  mouth, 7 

and  6  from  St.  Louis  by  land,  -  -  ^ 

St,  Fernando,  or  Hariflerct,  3  leagues  from  St.  Louis  on  7 

the  road  to  St.  Charles,  -  -  _  ^ 

Marias  de  l>iards,  a  league  W  of  St.  Fernando, 
Maramce,  on  the  river  of  its  name, 
St.  Andrews,  5   leagues  above  Sc.  Charles  on  the  Mif-7 

fouri,  -  -  -  -  .  ^ 

St.  Genevieve,  on  the  Miflifippi  oppofite  Kafkafkias, 
New  Bourbon,  a  league  below  St.  Genevieve, 
Cape  Girardeau,  -  -  -  _ 

New  Madrid,  on  the  Miflifippi,  ij   league?  belovvr  the! 

mouth  of  Ohio,  *  "  -  -  3 

Llitle  Meadow,  7  leagues  below  New  Madrid,  on  the? 

W  bank  of  the  Miflifippi,  -         -         .  .     ^ 

Mobillc  and  country  between  it  and  Orleans,  and  bor-7 

ders  of  Lake  Pouichai train,  -  -  -  ^ 

iVnfacola,  cxclufivc  oi  the  garrlfoa  (not  exceeding)     - 

2.T,244  I  17,68  I  12920  j  4^,375 

"  Memorandum.  This  cenfus  is  taken  from  the  latefl  returns, but  is  manlfeftly  incorredl, 
the  population  being  under  rated  ;  from  fome  places  there  have  been  no  returns  for  the 
laft  {c\tn  years,  and  from  thofe  made  this  year  it  is  cafy  to  fee  that  certain  caufcs  induced 
the  inhabitants  to  give  in  fliort  returns  of  their  flaves  and  of  their  own  numbers,  The 
Spani(h  government  is  fully  perfuaded  that  the  population  at  prcfent  confiderably  exceeds 
50,000  fouls."  '*  A  conje(3:ural  eftimation  made  by  a  gentleman  of  great  refpe6lability,  and 
corrcift  informatioo,  rcflding  at  Natchez,  raifes  the  number  of  whites  in  the  ifland  of  Or- 
Jeans,  on  the  W  fidt  of  the  river  and  fome  Icttlements  on  the  E  fide  to  50,150,  and  the  No. 
pf  blacks  to  39,8ao.    His  ftatement  follows. 

r.  The 

*  AnofFcinl  document-  of  July,  iSo:;,  flates  the  No,  of  inhabitants  nt  Atacapas  at  ?!70  whites,  210  free  inhab- 
Jtapcs  of  cciQur,  and  '•  :66  "flaves^  total,  3746.    Jlxz  returns  frgm  Opeloufas,  arc  fuppofed  to  be  inuler  rated. 


J 

S39 

- 

1603 

58 

5o<^ 

— 

SoS- 

a 

94 

- 

169 

— 

846 

5 

48 

56 

.68' 

- 

3 

- 

55 

- 

17 

- 

4'Z 

32 

___ 

3 

310 

I 

114 

105 

— 

- 

71 

~ 

3 

_ 

I 

L  OU 


L  O  U 


Names  AND  Situation  of  Tiiy.  Posts  or  Districts, 


tttt 


B! 


largin^ 


1.    The  illarid  ot  New  Orleans  witii  the  oppofuc  niai 

and  fettlements  adjacent  cornputtd  at, 
%.  The  W  margin  fiom  Manvhac  including  Puiutc  C'o'.i- 1 

pee  and  extend  ng  to  fhe  Red  River,         "         "  3 

3.  Atacapas,  au>ng  ilie  ka  coalt  between  the  Delta  ot  ^ 
the  MiiTifippi  aad  the  wtflern  boundary,         -  i 

4.  Opeloufas,  on  the  N  of  Atacapa.i,         -         -         . 

5.  Red  River,  including  Bayou  Beeiif,  Avoyelle,  Rnpide-j 
and  Natchitoches,  (ihe  two  firft  bounding  on  Ape- C 
loufas.)  -  -  -  -  _  Jj 

6.  Ouchita  (river  falling  into  the  Red  river  from  the  N.) 

7.  Concord  a  fertlement  on  the  margin  of  the  river  oppo- 1 
fite  to  Natcliez,         -  -  -  -  ^ 

8.  Arkanfps  River,         ----_. 

9.  New  Madrid  and  vicinity,  -  i.  . 
io.  Illinois  and  Mifi'ouri,              ... 

ratal. 

Note.    The  fetttlements  of  Baton  Rouge  and   New 

Feliciana,  on  tiic  E  fide  of  the  River,  lying  between  the 

line  ordcmaikation    lat.  31°  and  the  Ibi>ervil!c,  iiiciuu- 

iijg  iorne  eftabliilimentson  the  river  Amit,  &c.  contain. 


25,000 

4000 

i6co 
3750 

5000 

1 20c 

(y.O 
i7j;o 
4C0C 


25,occ 
5C0C 

2CGC 
30Cr 

7f 

.    r.' 


WliiL 


47.150        39,22c 


3000 


5OCO 
800 

IGOO 

500 
40 

150 

ic<?o 


9740 


60c       600 


**  The  inhabitants  of  LouiCana  arc 
chiefly  the  defcendants  of  the  French  and 
Caaadians.  There  are  a  conlidernble 
nuniber  of  Eagliili  and  Americans  in  New 
Orlerins.  The  two  German  coafts  are 
peopled  by  the  defcendants  of  fettlers 
from  Germany,  and  a  few  French  mixed 
■with  them.  The  three  fuccecding  fettle- 
ments up  to  Baton  Rouge  contain  moftly 
Acadians,  baniflied  from  Nova  Scotia  by 
the  Engliili,  and  their  defcendants.  The 
government  of  Baton  Rouge,  efpecially 
thcE  fide,  which  includes  all  the  country 
between  tlie  Ibberville  and  the  American 
line,  is  compofed  partly  of  Acadians,  a 
very  few  French,  and  of  a  great  majority 
of  Americans.  On  t  he  W  fide  they  are 
moftly  Acadians  :  at  Point  Coupee  and 
Fauflee  river  they  are  French  and  Acadi- 
nns  ;  of  the  population  of  the  Atacapas 
and  Opeloufas,  a  confiderable  part  is 
American ;  Natchitoches,  on  the  Red 
river,  contains  but  a  few  Americans,  and 
the  remainder  of  the  inhabitants  arc 
Fiench  ;  but  the  former  are  more  numer- 
ous in  the  other  fettlements  on  that  river, 
viz.  Avoyelles,  Rapide,  and  Ouacheta.  At 
Arkanfas  they  are  moftly  French  ;  and  at 
New  Madrid,  Americans.  At  leaft  two 
pfths,  if  not  a  greater  proportion  of  all 
tke  fettlera  oa  the  SpanidU  fide  of  the  Mif- 


fifippi,  in  the  Illinoi*  country,  are  llkewil'e 
fuppofed  to  be  American?.  Below  New 
Orleans  the  population  is  altogether 
French,  and  tlie  defcendants  of  French- 
men." [y'^J/^i-r/hn.]  The  natives  of  the 
fouthcrn  part  of  theMilFifippi  arefpright- 
ly,  have  a  turn  for  mechanics,  and  the 
line  arts,  but  their  fyftcm  of  education  i$ 
fo  v/retched  that  little  real  fcience  is  ob- 
tained. Mary  of  the  planters  are  opu- 
lent, induftrious,  and  hofpitable.  EUicntt. 

"  There  is  a  militia  in  Louifiana.  The 
following  is  the  return  of  it,  made  to  the 
Court  of  Spain,  by  the  Baron  of  Caroa- 
delet. 

From  Balize  to  the  city ;  volun-  Miiiils. 
teersof  the  Miffifippi;  4  com- 
panies of  100  men  each;  com- 
plete, -         -         .  -       400 
City  ;  Battalion   of  the   city,  5 

companies,         -         -         -  ^oa 

Artillery  company,  with  fuper- 

numeraries,  -         -         -         1 20 

Carabineers,  or   privileged  com- 
panies of  horfe,  %  companies  of 
70  each  ;  incomplete,         -    -       lo« 
Mulattoes,    %     companies  ;    ne- 
groes, I  do.         -         -         -  500 
Mixed  legion  of  the   Miflifippi,   com- 
preheadicg  Galvejctown,   Baton   Rouge, 

Poiatis 


LOU 


LOU 


Atacapa«,    and    Opo!- 


^ointe    Coupee, 
isufas,  viz. 

■z  comjfenlcs  of  Grenadier?, 

8       do.  of  fuliieer.-*, 

4       do.  of  dragoons, 

%       do.  lately  added  from  Eayou  Sara, 

16  companies  of  lOO  men  each 


1600 

100 
100 


Avoyelles  i  compauyot  iiuaiitiyj 
Ducheta,  i  do.  of  cavalry,  -  - 
Natchitoches,  I   do.  of  infantry 

and  I  of  cavalry,  -         -  300 

Arkanfas,  i   do.  of  infantry  and 

ca/alry,         -         ..         -  100 

Klinois,  4  do.  of  caralry,?  '"^^  "^^^^ 

4  do.  of  infantry,  C    the  comple*    ^^ 

Provincial  regimentof  Germans 
and  Acadians,  from  the  iirft 
German  coaft  to  Ibherviile, 
10  companies,  viz.  a  of  grenadiers,? 

8  ofiuiiieers5  looo 
Mobille  and  the  country  E  of 
I^ake  Ponchartrain, 

2  companies  of  horfe  and  foot 
incomplete,  -         -        -  120 

5440^ 
A  gentleman  of  repetSVahility,  makes 
the  number  of  ths  militia  to  amount  to 
10,340  men  wiihin  the  fame  limits  to 
■which  the  laft  eftimate  of  the  popula- 
tion applies.  He  diflributes  thcni  in  the 
feveral  fettlements,as  follows  : 

I.  The  illands  of  New  Orleans, 
with  the  oppofite  margin  and  the 
adjacent  fettlements,         -  -      5000 

a.  The  weft  margin  from  Man- 
chac,  including  Pointe  Coupee, 
and  extending  to  the  Red  river,         8go 

3.  Atacapas,  along  the  coaft, 
between  the  Delta  of  the  Mifli- 

fippi  and  the  river  Sabine,     -     -  350 

4.  Opeloufas,         -         -         _  750 

5.  Red  river,  including  Bayou 
Bceuf,  yVvoyelles,  Rapide,  and 
Natchitociies,         -         -          «  icoo 

6.  Ouachita,           -         -         -  300 

7.  Concord,  -  _  .  ^o 
S.  Arkanfaa,  -  _  .  ijo 
9.  New  Madrid  and  it»  vicinity,      350 

10.  Illinois  and  Miflburi,         -     icco 

11.  The  fettlements  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  the  Miflifippi,  from  the 
American  line  to  the  Ibbcrville, 

aad  feme  other  fettlements,     -         600 

10,340 
It  is  to  be  obfervecl,that  none  of  thefe 
^atements  include  the   country   beyond 
tke  riyar  Sabine,  nereveR  allthgfe  which 


lie  eaftwaruly  of  it.      Data  are  alfo  ivant* 
ing  to  give  tiiem."  J'^M^rfin- 

Forlijicaiionsy  St.  Louis  has  a  lieutenant 
colonel  to  command    in    it,  and  but  few 
troops.       Baton  Rouge  is  an  iil  confbudl- 
<id  fort,  and  has  about  50  men.       In   dc- 
fcril^ing  the  canal  of  Caronde'et,  the  fmall 
fort  of  St.  Jean  has  been  mentioned,  as  has 
tlie  block  houfe  at  the  Balise  in  it?  prop- 
er place.       The  fortific«tions  of  New  Or- 
leans, noticed  before,  conlifl;  of  five  ill  con- 
fir  ucled  redoubts,  v/ith  a  covered   way, 
palifade  and  ditch.      The  Vvhole  is  going 
faft   to  decay,  and  it   is  fui>pofed  they 
would  be  of  but  little  fervice,  in  cafe   of 
an  attack.      Though    the  powder  maga- 
zine is  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the    rivcr» 
there  is  no  fufficient  provilion   made  for 
its  lemoval  to  the  city,  in    cafe  of  neccL 
The  foit  of  Plaquemines,   v/hlch  is  about 
1 2  or  13  leagues  from  the  fea,  is  an  ill  coii- 
flruiled,   inegular  brick   work,  on   the 
eaflcrn  fide  of  the  Miflifippi,  with  a  ditch 
in  front  of  the  river,  and  protected  on  tha 
lower  fide  by  a  deep  creek,  flowing  from  , 
the  river  to  the  fea.        It  is,  however,  im- 
perfefllly  clofed  behind,  and  almoft  with- 
out defence   there ;   too  much    reliance 
having  been  placed  on  the  fwampincfs  of 
the    ground,   v.h-ch    hardens    daily.      It 
might    be  taken,   perhaps,  by    efcalade, 
without  dilnculty.     It  is  in  a  degree  luin- 
cus.      The  principal  front  is  meant  to  de- 
fend the  approach  from  the  fea,  and  c^n 
oppofe,  at  moft,  but  eight  heavy  gvms.    It 
is  built  at  a  turn  in  the  river,  where  fliips 
in  general  muO:  anchor,  as  the  wind  which 
brings  them^  up  fo  far  is  contrary  in   the 
next    reach    which    they   moflly   work 
through  ;  and  they  would  therefbre  be 
expofcd  to  the  fire  of  the  fort.      On  the 
oppofite  bank  are  the  ruins  of  a  fmall 
clofed  redoubt,  called  Fort  Bourbon,  ufu- 
ally  garrifoned  by  a  ferjeant's   command. 
Its  fiie  was  intended  to  flank  that  (f  the 
Fortof  Plaquemines,  and  prevent  lliipping 
and  craft  from  afcending   or   dcfocndicg 
on  that  fide.      W.hcn  a  veflcl  appears,  a 
fignal  is  made  on  one  fide,  and  anfvvered 
on  ihe  other.     Should  fhe  attempt  to  pafs, 
without  fending  a  boat    on    fhore,    flie 
would  be  immediately  fired  upon. 

Indians.  T!ie  Indian  nations  withia 
the  limits  of  Louifiana  are  as  far  known 
as  follows,  and  confifl  of  the  numbcrt 
hereafter  fpecifod.  On  the  caflern  bank 
of  the  Millifippi,  about  25  leagues  above 
Orleans,  the  remains  of  the  nation  of 
Iloumas  or  Red  Men,  which  do  not  ex- 
ceed 


LOU 


LOU 


.  cted  60  pcrfohs.  There  art  no  other  In-  ^ 
dians  fettled  on  this  lidc  of  the  rivqr  elth-  I 
cr  -iu  Louifiana  or  \V.  Florida,  though  j 
they  are  at  tunes  frequented  by  parties  of  I 
wandering  Choclaws.  On  the  W  fide  of  j 
•the  Millirippi  are  the  remains  of  the 
Tounicas  fettled  near,  and  above  Pointe  j 
Coupee  on  the  river,  coniifling  of  50  or  j 
60  perfons."  Jcf^'f''"'     \ 

"  In  the  Atacapas.  On  the  lower  parts  of ; 
the  Bayou  Teche  at  about  1 1  or  1  a  leagues  ' 
from  the  fea,  are  tviro  villages  of  Chimna-  j 
chas,  confifting  of  about  100  fouls.  The 
Atacapas,  properly  fo  called,  difperfcd  ' 
throughout  the  diftriiSb,  and  chiefly  on  i 
the  Bayou  or  creek  of  Vermilion,  about  1 
100  fouls.  Wanderers  of  the  tribes  of  j 
Biloxis  and  Cho(5laws  on  Bayou  Croco-  ; 
dile,  which  empties  into  the  Teche  about  ■ 
50  fouls."  ibid.      \ 

«  In  the  Opdoufas  to  th:  N  W  of  Atazapa:.  \ 
Two  villages  of  Alibamas  in  the  centre  j 
of  the  diflrid:,  near  the  church,  confiding  \ 
of  100  perfons.  Coachatcs  difperfed  I 
through  the  country  as  far  W  as  the  river  i 
Sabinasand  its  neighbourhood,  about  350  | 
perfons."  ibid,       \ 

"  On  the  River  Rouge.     At  Avoyelles,  1 9  ' 
leagues    from  the  Miflifippi,   is  a  village  j 
of  the   Biloni  nation,  and  another  on  the  ' 
Jake  of  the   Avoyelles,   the  whole  about' 
60  fouls.     At  the  Rapide,  26  leagues  from  ; 
.the  MilTifippi,  is  a  village  of  Chodlaws  of  ! 
100  fouls,  and  another  of   Bllox.^s,  about  I 
a  leagues  from  it,of  about  loomore:  about 
8  or  9  leagues    higher  up  the  Red  River 
isa  village  of  about  30  foul*.     All   tliefe 
are  occafionally  employed  by  the  fcttlers 
in  thtir  neighbourhood  as  boatmen.     A- 
bout  8o  leagues  above  Natchitoches  on 
the  Red  River,   is  the  nation  of  the  Ca- 
doquies,  called  by   abbreviation   Cados  ; 
ihey    can    raife   from  5  to  400  warriors, 
are  the  friends  of  the  whites,  and  are  ef- 
teemed  the  brave fl:  and  moft  generous  of 
all  the  nations  in  this  vaft  country  ;  they 
are  rapidly  decreafing,  owing   to  intem- 
perance and   the  numbers   a .miially  dc- 
ftioyed   by  the    Ofagcs    anil    Choctaws. 
There  are,  befidc  the  foregoing,  at  kafl:  4 
to  500  families  of  Choclaws,  who  arc  dif- 
perfed on  the  W  fide  of  the  Miiniippi, 
Oi\  the  Ouacheta    and  Red   rivers,  as  far 
W  as  Nitchitochc3,and  the  whole  nation 
would  have   emigrated  acrofs  the  Alifli- 
fippi  had  it  not   been  for  the  oppofition 
of  the  Spaniards  and  the  Indians  on  tliat  I 
fide  who  had   fufFcrcd  by  their  aggref-  I 
fions."  ilid,        I 

"  Oa  the  River  Arlanfas,  Iffe.  Between  the '' 
Vol.  I.  N  n  &  O  o  ' 


Red  River  and  the  Arkanfas  there  are  but 
a  few  Indians  the  remains  of  tribes  almoft 
extinct.  On  this  laft  river  is  the  nation 
of  the  fame  name,  confifling  of  about  z6o 
warriors,  they  are  brave  yet  peaceable 
and  well  difpofed,  and  have  always  been 
attached  to  the  French, and  efpoufed  their 
caufe  in  their  wars  with  the  Chickafaws, 
whom  they  have  always  refilled  with  fuc- 
cefs.  They  live  in  three  village?!,  the  iirft 
is  at  18  leagues  from  the  MilTilippi  on  the 
Arkanfas  river,  and  the  others  are  at  3 
and  6  leagues  from  the  firil.  A  fcarcity 
of  game  on  the  ea [tern  fide  of  the  MifR- 
lippl  has  lately  induced  a  number  of  Chcr- 
okees,  Cho<ftaw3,  Chickafaws,  &c.  to  fre- 
quent the  neighbourhood  of  Arkanfas, 
where  game  is  ftill  in  abundance  ;  they 
have  contracted  marriages  with  the  Ar- 
kanfas, and  feeni  inclined  to  make  a  per- 
manent fettlemcnt  and  incorporate  thcm- 
felves  with  tliat  nation.  The  number  is 
unknown,  but  is  confiderable  and  is  every 
day  increaliag.  On  the  river  St.  Francis, 
in  the  neigbourhood  of  New  Madrid, 
Cape  Girardeau,  Revierc  a  la  Pcnimc,  and 
the  environs,  are  fettled  a  number  of  vag- 
aboiKjs,  emigrants  from  the  Ddawares, 
Shawnefe,Miaiuis,  Chickafaw--,Cl;crokc3', 
Piorias,  and  fuppofed  to  confiic  in  all  of 
^00  fam.ilies ;  they  are  at  times  trouble- 
fome  to  the  boats  defcending  the  river, 
and  have  even  plundered  fome  of  them 
andco:nmittfd  a  few  murders.  Tiie^'-arc 
attached  to  liquor,  feldom  remain  long  in 
any  place,  many  of  them  fpeak  Knglifli,  al  1 
unuerftand  it,  and  there  are  feme  wlu> 
even  read  and  write  it.  At  St.  Genevieve 
in  the  fettlement  among  the  wliifes  arc 
about  30  Piorias,  Kiilkafkias,  and  iii-nois, 
who  feldom  hunt  for  fear  of  the  oti.er  In- 
dians ;  they  are  th.e  remains  of  a  natioii 
which  50  years  ago  could  bring  into  the 
field  12.00  warriors."  /j//, 

<'  On  the  Mld'orr:.  On  the  Milu.uri  an.! 
its  waters  are  many  and  numerous  nation^;, 
the  heft  known  of  which  :u:e  ;  Tlie  Ofagcr, 
fituated  on  the  river  of  th*;  fame  name  ou 
the  right  bank  of  the  aVIillburi,  at  about  Bo 
leagues  from  its  confluence  wiih  it ;  thev 
confilt  of  1000  warriors,  who  live  in  two 
fettlements  at  no  great  diftance  from  each 
other.  They  are  of  a  gigantic  ftature  snd 
well  proportioned,  arc  ci:emics  of  the 
whites  and  of  all  other  Indian  nations,  and 
commit  depredations  from  the  Illinois  10 
the  Arkanfas.  The  trade  of  this  nation 
is  faid  to  be  under  an  exclulive  grant. 
They  are  a  cruel  and  ferocious  race,  and. 
are  hated  and  feared  by  all  the  other  In-. 

diaus. 


LOU 


LOtiT 


cJip.ns.    The  confluence  of  the  Ofage  river 
with  the  M  llouri  is  about  8  leagues  from 
the  MiiTiTippi.     Sixty  leagues  higher   up 
the  MilTouri,  and  on  the  fame  bank,  is  the 
river  Kanzas,  and  on  it  the  nation  of  the 
fame  name,  but  at  about  70  or  80  leagues 
from  its  mouth.     It  confifts  of  about   250 
warriors,  who  are  as  fierce  and  cruel  as 
the  Ofages,  and  often  moleft  and  ill  treat 
thofe  who  go  to  trade  among  them.     Sixty- 
leagues  above  the  river   Kanzas,  and  at 
about  2C0  from  the  mouth  of  the  Miffou- 
ri,  ftiil  en  the  right  bank,  is  the  Ri'vicrre 
Platte,  or  Sliailow  River,   remarkable  for 
its  quickfands  and    bad  navigation;  and 
near  its   confluence    with   the    Miflburi 
dwells  tiie  nation  of  Ocloladios,  common- 
ly called   Otos,   confifking  of  about   200 
warriors,  among  whom  are  1$    or  30  of 
the  nation  of  Miflburi,  who  took  refuge 
among  them  about  25  yrars  fince.     Forty 
leagues  up   the  J?/wr  Platte  you  come  to 
the  nation  of  the  Fanis,  compofed  of  a- 
bout  700  warriors  in   4  neighbouring  vil- 
lages ;  they  hunt  but  little,  and  are   ill 
provided  with  fire  arms :  they  often  make 
war  on  the  Spaniards  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Santa  Fe,  from  which  they  are  not 
far  diftant.     At  300  leagues  from  the  Mii- 
fifippi  and  100  from  the  River  Platte  on 
the  fame  bank,  are  fituated  the  villages  of  1 
the  Mahas.     They  confifted   in  i^yc;,   of  | 
500  warriors,  but  are   faid  to  have  been  j 
almoft   cut    dfF  lafl:  year    by  the    fmall-  ; 
pox.     At  50  leagues    above    the  Mahas,  I 
and  on  the  left  bank  of  tlie  MifTouri,  dwell  | 
the   Poncas,  to  the  number  of  250  war-  j 
riors,  pofTefTrng  in  common  with  the  Ma-  1 
has  their  language,   ferocity,  and    vices. 
Their  ti  ade  has  never  been  of  much  value,  j 
and  thofe  engaged  in   it  are  expofed   to  1 
pillage  and  ill  treatment.     At  the  diftance  i 
of  450  leagues  from  the  MilTilippi,  and  on  ! 
the  right  bank  of  the  MilTouri,  dwell  the  j 
AricaraS;  to  the  number  of   7C0  v/arriors,  1 
and  60  leagues  above  them,  the  Mandane  j 
nation,  confining  of  about    700  warriors 
likewife.     Thefe  two  lad  nations  are  well 
difpofed  to  the  whites,  but  have  been  t'le 
victims    of    the   Sioux,  or  Jsandowcflies, 
who  being  themfelves  well  provided  with 
fire  arms,  have  taken  advantage  of  the  de- 
fencelefs  fituation  of  the  otliers,  and  have 
on  all  occafions  murdered  them   without 
mercy.     No  difcoveries  en  the    MilTouri, 
beyond  the  Mandane  nation,  have  been 
accurately  detailed,   though   the    traders 
lifve  been  informed,  tliat  many   navigable 
rivers  difcharge  their  waters  into  it,  above 
itjLnd  that  thc^resii'c-rnany  nuincrcusDiitions 


fettled  on  them.  The  Sioux,  or  Mando. 
weflic*,  who  frequent  the  country  between 
the  N  bank  of  the  Miflburi  and  Miflifippi, 
are  a  great  impediment  to  trade  and  navi- 
gation. They  endeavour  to  prevent  all 
communication  with  the  nations  dwelling 
high  up  the  Miflburi,  to  deprive  them  of 
ammunition  and  arms,  and  thus  keep  them 
fubfervient  to  themfelves.  In  the  winter 
t  they  are  cliiefly  on  the  banks  of  the  Mif- 
fouri  and  mafl"acre  all  who  fall  into  their 
hand=.  There  are  a  number  of  nations  at 
a  diftance  from  the  banks  of  the  Miflburi, 
to  the  N  and  S,  concerning  whom  but  lit- 
tle information  has  been  received.  Re- 
turning to  the  Miflifippi  and  afcending  it 
from  the  MilTouri,  about  75  leagues  above 
the  mouth  of  the  latter,  the  River  Moin- 
gona  or  Rivitre  de  Moine  enters  the  Mif- 
lifippi on  the  W  fide,  and  on  it  are  fituat- 
ed the  Ayoas,  a  nation  originally  from  the 
Miflburi,  fpeaking  the  language  of  the  O- 
tachatas  ;  it  conlifled  of  200  warriors,  be- 
fore the  fmallpox  lately  raged  among 
them.  The  Saes  and  Renards  dwell  on  tho 
Milliiippi,  about  300  leagues  above  St, 
Louis,  and  frequently  trade  with  it  ;  they 
live  together  and  confided  of  500  warriors; 
their  chief  trade  is  with  Michilimakir.ac, 
and  they  have  always  been  peaceable  and 
friendly.  The  other  nations  on  the  Mif- 
fifippi,  higher  up,  are  but  httle  knov/n  to 
us.  The  nations  of  the  MilTouri,  though 
cruel,  treacherous,  and  iniblent,  may 
doubtlefs  be  kept  in  order  by  the  United 
St.ites,  if  proper  regulations  are  adopted 
'vith  refpecfl:  to  them.  It  is  faid  that  no 
treaties  have  been  entered  into  by  Spain 
with  the  Indian  nations  weftward  of  the 
Miflifippi,  and  that  its  treaties  with  the 
Creeks,  ChocStaws,  &c.  are  in  efFedl  fuper- 
ceded  by  our  treaty  with  that  power  of  the 
ayth  Qiftober,  1795."  il'td. 

"  CnHivation  of  Sugar.  The  fugar  cane 
may  be  cultivated  between  the  river 
Ibberville  and  the  city,  on  b  )th  fides 
of  the  river,  and  as  far  baclc  as  the 
fwamps.  Below  the  city,  however,  the 
lands  decline  fo  rapidly  that  beyond  15 
miles  the  foil  is  not  well  adapted  to  it. 
Above  the  Ibberville  the  cane  would  be 
afre«fled  by  the  cold,  and  its  produce 
would  therefore  be  uncertain.  Withii^ 
thefc  limits  the  beft  planters  admit  that 
one  quarter  of  the  cvdtivated  lands  of  any 
ronfulerable  plantation  may  be  planted 
in  cane,  one  quarter  left  in  pafturc,  and 
the  remaining  half  employed  for  provif- 
ions,  &c.  and  a  referve  for  a  change  of 
crons.       One   FariUyn  Arpeot    of    i8ca 

feet 


LOU 


LOU 


feet    fquare  may  be    expedej^  to  pro- 
duce  on   an  average,  laoo  weight  cf  fu- 
gar,and  50  gallons  of  rum.  From  the  above 
data,  admitting  that  both  fides  of  the  river 
are    planted  for  yo   miles   in  extent  and 
about   |ths  of  a  mile  in  depth,  it  wid  re- 
fult  that  the  annual  produvfl  may  amount 
in  round  numbers,  to  25,000  hogflieads  of 
fugar,  with    12,000   puncheons    of  rum. 
Tak-ing     f    inftead  of  {    of    the     lands 
fit  for  fugar,  it  is  thought  the  produce  of 
the  whole  would  be   50,000,  inftead  of 
'25,000  hogllieads  of  fugar.  The  following 
quantitiei  of  fugar,  brown,  clayed  and  re- 
fined, have  been   imported  into  the  U.  S. 
from  Ivouiiiana  and  the  Floridas,  viz. 
In  1799         -         -         773,54a /^. 
1800      -         -         1,560,865 
i8oi         -        -         967>6i9 
i8ca        -  *i,5  765933" 

*«  From  Point  Coupee  down  to  the  gulf  of 
Mexico,  the  fugar  cane  anfwcrs  at  prefent 
better  than  any  other  article  ;  and  fugar 
has  within  a  few  years  paft  become  the 
llaple  commodity  of  that  part  of  the  Mif- 
fifippi.  Below  New  Orleans  are  14,  and 
above  64  fugar  plantations,  averaging  an- 
nually about  75,ooolbs.  of  fugar,  befide 
a  proportionable  quantity  of  rum  and 
molalles.  It  is  efiimated  that  at  leaft 
1000  fugar  plantations  may  be  made 
equal  to  thofe  now  ufed  as  fuch,  which 
might  turn  out  annually  75,000  hogi- 
heads,  of  looo  pounds  weight  each,  be- 
fide a  proportionable  quantity  of  rum 
and  molalles."  Sio/ey. 

«*  Itnports  and  Exports.  1  he  productions 
of  Louifiana  are,  fugar,  cotton,  indigo, 
rice,  furs,  and  peltry,  lumber,  tar,  pitch, 
lead,  flour,  horfes,  and  cattle.  Pf)pulation 
alone  is  wanting  to  multiply  th,em  to  an 
aftonifliiog  degree.  The  foil  is  fertile, 
the  climate  falubrioas,  and  the  means  of 
communication  between  mofl:  parts  of  the 
province  certain,  and  by  v/ater.  The 
foUowiag  has  been  received  as  a  fketch  of 
the  prefent  exports  of  J.ouifiana,  viz. 
Ddlars. 


i,;.{4  4,ooo  m- 
crcaling. 


30,000  bales  of  cot- 
ton, of  3cvvt.  each, 
at  4o  cents  per  lb. 

4500  cafks  of  fugar. -^ 

10  cwt.  each,  at  6  C    30X5400 
cents  per  lb.  j 

too    do.    molafle6,7 
100  galls,  each.     5 


32,000 


ditto. 


ditto. 


ludigo, 


lOOjOOO 


■diminifh- 

,iograp- 

.idly. 


Peltry,  -  -  aoo,coo 
Lumber,  -  -  80,000 
Lead,  corn,  horfes,  and 

cattle,  uncertain, 
All   other  articles,  fup- 

pofe  lOOjOOO 


2,i58;000 

According  to  official  returns  in  the 
Treafury  of  the  United  States,  there  were 
imported  into  our  territory  from  Louifia- 
na  and  the  Florida*,  merchandife  to  the 
following  amounts,  in  the  feveral  years 
preiixeJ. 

JUoiicrs. 
In  1799  to  tie  value  of  507,132 
i8co  -  -   904,322 

looi         -  -       956,635 

1802  -  I;OC6,2I4 

According  to  the  f^me  authority,  which 
makes  the  total  of  the  exports  to  amount 
to  2,158,000  dollars,  the  imports,  in  mer- 
chandife, plantation  utenfils,  (laves,  &c, 
amount  to  two  and  an  half  millions,  the 
difference  being  made  up  by  the  money 
introduced  by  the  goYernmcnt,  to  pay  the 
expenies  of  governing  and  protedling  the 
colony.  Acc(;rding  to  the  returns  in 
the  Treafury  of  the  United  State",  ex- 
ports have  been  made  to  Lonifiana  and 
the  Floridas,  to  the  following  amount  in 
the  years  prefixed. 

In  1799  to  the  value  of 

3,056.268  in  foreign  articles. 
447,824  in  domelUc  do. 


Dollars,      3^504 .09^ 


In  1800  S»,795,i'^7  in  foreign  articles, 
t    240,662  m  domeltic  do. 

Ddlars,      2,035,789 


In  1801    S ^'7/0:794  in  foreign  articles. 
t    137,204  in  domeitjc  do. 

Ddlariy      1,907,998 

In,So2   JW4,6ccI 
l     170. no  1. 


in  foreign  articles, 
in  domcftic  do. 


Delia 


i,:.a.i  710 


It  is  to  be  obfcrved  that  if  the  total  of 
the  imports  and  experts  into  ajnd  from 
thcfe  provinces  (of  which  the  two  Flori- 
das are  but  a  very  unimportant  part, 
with  rtfpcdt  to  both)  be  as  above  fuppof- 
ed,  viz. 

Imports 


LOU 


LOU 


Imports, 
Exports,     - 


2,^00,000  dollars. 
a,ij8,ooo 


Making  together  4,658,000 
The  duty  of  fix  per  cent  ought  alone  to 
produce  the  grofs  ium  of  0.79,480  dolls, 
and  that  the  difference  between  that  fum 
and  its  a6lual  net  produce,  arifes  partly 
from  the  imperfedl  taritl'  by  which  the 
value  of  mcrchandifc  is  afcertained,  but 
principally  from  the  fmuggling,  which  is 
openly  countenanced  by  molt  of  the  rev- 
enue officers."  Jeffcrfon. 

"•  M. mil  failures.  There  are  but  few  do- 
meftic  manufad:ures.  The  Acadians 
TnanufacSture  a  little  cotton  into  quilts 
and  cottonades ;  and  in  the  remote  parts 
of  the  province,  the  poorer  planters  fpln 
and  V.  cave  fome  negro  cloths  of  cotton 
and  wool  mixed.  There  is  one  machine 
iax:  fpinnlng  cottcm  in  the  parlla  of  Ibbcr- 
vilie,  and  another  in  the  0[)eloufas  ;  but 
they  do  little  or  nothing,  in  the  city, 
btfide  the  trades  which  are  abfolutely 
neccfiiry,  there  is  a  confulerable  manu- 
iailure  of  cordage,  and  fonie  fmali  ones 
of  fliot  and  hair  powder.  There  arc 
l.kewiic  in  and  within  a  few  leagues  of  the 
town  1 2  diflilleries for  making  taSIa,which 
vsz  laid  to  difiil  annually  a  very  confider- 
:;h!c  quantity ;  and  i  fugar  reFmcry,  faid  to 
make  about  200,000  lbs.  of  loaf  fugar."  ihlJ. 
*'  Navigation  employed  in  the  trade  of  the 
Province.  In -ihc  year  1802,  there  enter- 
ed the  Mifliiippi  a68  vefTels  of  all  defcrip- 
tion-,  18  of  wiiieh  were  public  armed  vef- 
lels,  and  the  remainditr  merchantmcnt,  as 
follows,  viz. 

AuK-r"c:in.         Sj;aiufli.     French. 
SJiipi,  48  14 

Brigs,  63  17  I 

FoIacrc3  -  4 

Schooners,         50  61 

•Sloops,  (;  I 


97 


Pokicres,.  - 

1  ,8 
Schooners,  3 


3  I  in  ballaft    Ci* 


^30^     i04 


2i 

Tuns.  "  '  Total. 

J  05  Amerlcius  138 
Spiiiiiih  10+ 
French  ^ 


9753 
Turn. 

9753 
3  105 

G'\Tn'  fi:tjl,  ?6 1;  31 ,241 
The  tonnage  of  the  veflels  which  went  a-' 
\vay  in  ballaft,  and  that  of  the  public  arm- 
ed fliips,  are  not  included  in  the  foregoing, 
account ;  thefe  latter  carried  away  mails, 
yards,  f[.ars,  pitch,  tar,  &c.  at  lead  loo'o 
tons.  In  the  firfl:  6  months  of  the  prefent 
year,  there  entered  the  Miffifippi  173  fail, 
of  all  nations,  4  of  which  were  public  arni- 
ed  veffels,  viz.  a  French  ahd  a  Spaniih, 
wh.ofe  tonnage  is  not  enumerated 
'  "'       ■    '■■  Spanh.'i.  T  " 


Amen 
Ships, 

rolacres 
Sch'rs, 

'iloops. 


5396 
5701 


5080 


French. 


4^0  2 

J187  7 

167 


Tonu 
jrx>2 

878 


Total,  170 
Of  the  number  of  American  veflels,  23 
lliips,  25  brigs,  i9fchooners,  and  5  floops 
came  in  ballall,  the  remainder  were  whol- 
ly, or  in  part  laden.  I'ive  Spanifli  flilps 
and  7  fchooners  came  in  ballaft.  The 
united  tonnage  of  all  th.c  flripplug  that  en- 
tered the  river,  cxclutive  of  the  public 
armed  vefll^IsjWas  33.7-15  rcgifler  tons.  In 
the  fame  year  tluere  failed  from  the  Mifli- 
JippI  265  fail,  viz. 

Aii-i-ic.iii.  T'ins.    Spjnlsh.  Tom. 

r\'^r:,         .-n   ;  iabaU-il  H<;72        lir;  -;714 

;'.ri  's,  s'-^.  7;i6       22   I  in  b;iH;(ft  n;].| 


3V6 


I  In  h-All  ift 


J747 


Total,  93  13,264        38  ;f;£7           22        2804 

fuui '  of  Ships.  Total  of  Tom . 

American,            93  ■  i'^,2()\ 

Spaniih,                58  7087 

I'rench,                 22  5804 

(-rnnid  Total,       173  2^,155 

In  the  f  rmc  6  months  there   failed   from 
the  Mifrifippi  156  vefTels,  vix. 

Aiiuric.ui.  Sp^-"'sh.  French. 

Ship?:,  2r  18  2 

F.  i  s,  ■j'i-  3  1 

Po]  acres,  4 

Schooners,         17  26  5 

Sloops,  2  I 

68  So  8 

"  Learning.  There  are  no  colleger,  and 
but  one  public  f'chool,  which  is  at  New 
Orleans.  The  mailers  of  this  are  paid  by 
the  king.  They  teach  the  Spanifh  lair- 
guage  only.  There  are  a  few  private 
ichools  for  children.  Not  more  than  half 
of  the  inhabitai:is  are  fuppofed  to  be  able 
to  read  and  write,  of  whom  not  more 
than  200  perhaps  are  able  to  do  it 
well.  In  general  the  learning  of  the  in- 
habitants does  not  extend  beyond  thofe 
two  arts  ;  though  they  feem  to  be  endow- 
ed with  a  good  natural  genius,  and  an  un- 
common facility  of  learning  whatever 
they  vmdertake."  ibid. 

"  The  Church.  The  clergy  confifls  of  a. 
blfliop,  vVho  doer,  not  refide  in  the  prov- 
ince, and  whofe  lalary  of  400®  dollar* 
is  charged  Cn  the  revenue  of  certain  billr- 
oprieks  in  Mexico  and  Cuba  ;  2  canona 
having  each  afalaiy  of  600  dollars,  ani 
25  curates,  5  for  the  city  of  New  Orleans, 
and  20  for  as  many  country  pariflies,  wh» 
receive  each  from  360  to  480  dollars  a 
year.  Thofc  falarles,  except  that  of  the 
biiliop,  together  with  an  allowance  for 
facriftans  and  chapel  cxpcufes,  are  paid 

by 


LOU 


LOX 


i&y  the  treafury  at  New  Orleans,  and 
amount  annually  to  13,000  dollars.  There 
is  alfo  at  that  place  a  conveat  of  UrfuHnes 
to  which  is  attached  about  looo  acres  of 
land,  rented  out  in  three  plantations. 
7'he  nuns  ate  now  in  number  not  more 
than  10  or  la,  and  are  all  French.  There 
were  foimerly  about  the  fame  number  of 
Spanifli  ladies  belonging  to  the  order; 
but  they  retired  to  Havanna  durijig  the 
period  when  it  was  expected  that  the 
province  would  be  transferred  to  France. 
Tiie  remaining  nuns  receive  young  ladies 
as  boarders  and  indrucl  them  in  reading, 
writing,  and  needle  work.  They  have 
always  acSted  withgreat  propriety,  and  are 
generally  refpected  and  beloved  through- 
out the  province.  With  the  aillftance  of 
an  annual  allowance  of  600  dollars  from 
the  treafury,  they  always  fupport  and  ed- 
ucate twelve  female  orphans."  Jcffetfon, 

InDeccmberi8o3,Louinana  was, in  due 
form,,deliveredbythecomm!lTaries of  Spain 
to  the  commifliouer  ot  France,  Mon.  Lauf- 
fat  wlio  delivered  it  over  to  the  com- 
niiflioners  of  the  United  States,  Gov. 
Clalrborne  and  Gen.  Wilkinlbn,  on  the 
50ch  day  of  the  fame  month.  Gov.  Clair- 
borne  being  duly  inveflcd  by  the  PreG- 
dcnt  with  the  powers  iieretofore  exercif- 
cd  by  the  Governor  and  Intendant  of 
X^ouifiana,  alTumed  the  government  on  the 
fame  day,  and  for  the  maintenance  of  law 
and  order  immediately  iffued  his  procla- 
loation.  This  immenfe  addition  of  Terri- 
tory to  the  United  States,  forms  an  im- 
portant epoch  in  our  hiftory.  What 
will  be  the  efFedt  upon  the  government, 
union,  and  happinel's  of  our  country,  can- 
not be  forefecn.  Conjedlures  are  various. 
Time  will  be  continually  unfolding  the 
confequences  of  this  great  event.  All 
muft  contemplate  them  with  folicitude  for 
the  honor  and  welfare  of  the  nation. 

Louijlown,  in  Talbot  co.  Maryland,  lies 
«n  theW  fideofTuckahoe  creek,  4  miles  N 
of  King's  Town,  and  7  or  8  N  E  of  Eafton. 

LouifvHle,  a  port  of  entry,  and  pod 
town  of  Kentucky,  and  chief  of  Jetferfon 
«o.  plcafantly  fituated  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  Ohio,  on  an  elevated  handfome  plain, 
above  the  Rapids,  nearly  oppofitc  Fort 
Penny.  It  commands  a  delightful  prof- 
petSt  of  the  river  and  the  adjacent  coun- 
try^ but  its  imhealtliinefs,  owing  to  ftag- 
nated  waters  back  of  the  town,  has  con- 
fiderably  retarded  its  growth.  It  confifts 
of  3  principal  ftreets,  and  contains  about 
100  houfes,  350  inhabitants,  a  court 
Mpufe  iiAd  j^ao^     It  is    3S  miici  from 


Sairdflfcwn,  83  from  Danville,  40  "W  of 
Frankfort,  and  623  from  Wafliington. 

LnuifuUle^  the  prefcnt  feat  of  govern- 
ment of  Georgia,  fituated  in  JefFcrfon  co. 
in  the  lower  diftti<n:  of  the  State,  on  the 
N  E  bank  of  the  Great  Ogeechec  river, 
70  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  contains  a 
ftatc  houfe,  a  tobacco  warehoufe,  and  up- 
ward of  40  dwelling  houlcs.  Large 
cjuaptities  of  tobacco  are  infpctftcd  here, 
and  boated  down  to  Sav;'nnu!i.  Thd 
«r-nventiun  for  t^ic  revifal  of  the  confti- 
tution  fat  in  t'nis  town  in  May,  1795, 
appointed  the  records  to  be  removed, and 
the  legiflature  to  meet  here  in  future.  A 
college,  Vv'ith  liberal  endowments,  is  in 
flituted  in  this  vicinity.  It  is  5a  miles  S 
Eof  Augufta,  and  ico  N  W  of  Savannah. 

LouifiaJe,  Land  of,  difcovered  and  nam- 
ed by  Eougainville  in  1768,  is  probablv 
a  chain  of  iflands,  forming  a  fouth  eaflcra 
continuation  t)f  New  Guinea.  The  coafb 
feen  by  the  Dutch  Geelivink  Yacht  in 
1705,  is  a  fmall  diftance  N  of  Louifiade. 

Louth  TuwiifAp,  L  CO.  U.  Canada,  lies  \V" 
of  Grantham,  and  fronts  lake  Ontario. 

Love  Gov,',  a  fine  opening  W  of  Wiialc 
Cove,  in  New  North  Wf<les. 

Lcviirs  Pond,  in  N.  Hampfhire,  lies  at 
the  head  of  the  eaftern  branch  of  Salmon 
Fall  riven 

Lcvell,  a  town  in  York  co.  Maine,  N  of 
Great  Offipec,  89  miles  N  of  York. 

Loiwille,  a  pofc  town  in  Oneida  co.  N. 
York,  550  miles  from  Vv^aOnngton. 

Lower  Allozvays  Creek,  a  townfllip  ia 
Salem  co.  N.  Jerfey. 

Loiver  Dublin,  a  townfl^ip  In  Philadel'* 
phia  CO.  Pennfylvania,  having  1495  in- 
habitants. 

Lotver  Landing,  or  Jj.aji  Landing,  on  Ni- 
agara river,  U.  Canada,  is  oppofite  t& 
Queenflown  on  the  Niagara  Fort  fide. 

Loiver  Milford,  a  townfliip  in  Buck*« 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Loiver  Marlborough,  a  poft  town  In  Ma- 
ryland, 30  miles  from  Annapolis,  and  I  a 
from  Calvert  court  houfe. 

Loiver  Penns  Ntck,  a  tovvufliip  iu  Sa- 
lem CO.  N.  Jerfey. 

Loiver  Weau  toivns.  In  the  Territory 
N  W  of  the  Ohio,  lie  ao  miles  below  Rip- 
pacanoe  creek,  at  its  mouth  in  WabaHi 
river. 

Loivhill,  a  townfliip  In  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  having  545  Inhabitants. 

Loxa,  a  town  of  Quito  in  Peru,  at  the 
head  of  a  N  W  branch  of  Amazon  river, 
ai  J  miles  N  E  of  Paita,  and  N  W  of  Bor- 
ja»    It  is  the  capital  of  a  juriXdi^aion  of 

the 


LOU 


LOU 


tliefamc  name,  and  lies  in  lat.  5  10,  S. 
lo;i.  77  10  W.  Bcfidc  i  churches,  it  has 
i'cveral  religioiLs  foundations  ;  as,  a  col- 
lege inllituttd  by  ths  Jefuits,  an  hofpital, 
vith  14  villages  in  its  diflritSl.  The  ju- 
rilditflion  of  the  fame  name  produces  the 
famous  fpecific  for  intermittent  fevers, 
called  Cafcarilla  de  Logo  Quinquina,  or 
Tciuit's  bark.  Oi  it  there  are  feveral 
kinds,  but  one  more  efficacious  than  the 
others.  Here  alio  they  are  employed  in 
breeding  cochineal.  The  inhabitants  of 
liOJa,  called  alfo  Lojanus,  do  not  exceed 
10,000  fouls,  though  formerly  far  more 
numerous.  Large  droves  of  horned  cat- 
tle and  mules  are  bred  licre.  Carpets 
;ire  alfo  manufadturd  here  of  remarkable 
iinenefs. 

Loyalfocl  Creti,  in  Northumberland  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  em[)ties  into  the  W  fide  of 
the  branch  of  Sufquehanna  river,  from 
the  N  E,  a  few  miles  R  of  Lycoming 
Creek,  a6  from  Sunbury,  meafuring  in  a 
flraight  line,  and  about  170  from  Phila- 
delphia. The  lands  from  this  to  Sunbu- 
ry are  amonc;  the  higheft  and  of  the  befl 
quality,  and  in  the  healthiefl  fituation  in 
the  ftate.  It  is  navigable  20  or  30  miles 
lip  for  batteaux  of  10  tons. 

Lucan'js,  a  jurifilid:ion  in  the  dlocefe  of 
Guamanga,  in  Peru.  It  begins  about  25 
or  30  leagues  S  W  of  Guamanga.  Its 
temperature  is  cold  and  moderate.  It 
abounds  with  cattle,  grain  and  fruit;  and 
has  alfo  lilver  mines  ;  and  is  the  centre 
of  a  very  large  commerce. 

Lucar,  Fort  Sf.  lies  on  the  N  E  coad  of 
Brazil  ;  about  half  way  between  the  city 
of  Scara  and  Rio  Grande. 

Lucar,  Cape  St.  or  Lucas.  The  S  E  end 
of  the  peninfula  of  California  is  fo  named. 
Lucayiit  or  Bahama  IJlands.  See  Bahama. 
Lucaya^  one  of  the  Bahama  lOands, 
about  70  leagues  E  of  the  coaft  of  Flori- 
da, and  6  from  Bahama  Ifle.  It  is  about 
9  leagues  long  and  %  broad,  and  gives 
name  to  the  whole  range.  N  lat.  27  17, 
W  Ion.  78  5. 

Lucayoncque^  another  of  the  Bahama 
ides,  which  lies  about  9  leagues  further 
E  than  the  fonner  ;  whofe  length  is  a8 
leagues  and  breadth  3,  and  lies  N  and  S. 
Lucea^  a  harbour  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
idand  of  Jamaica,  in  Hanover  parilli,  be- 
tween Great  Cove  and  Mofquito  Cove, 
it  is  land  locked  and  has  excellent  an- 
chorage ;  li  or  16  miles  N  E  of  Negril. 

Luda,  St.  a  river  of  E.  Florida,  runs  S 
E  along  the  E  fide  of  the  peninfula  ;  and 
communicates  inland  with  Indian  river. 
It  has  6  fctt  v.'ater  as  far  as  the  T«rtolas, 


where  are  hilly  knowls.    A  branch  join* 
it  from  the  S. 

Lucid,  St.  cAUdi  by  the  French,  Sainte 
Aloufie,  from  its  having  been  difcovered 
on  St.  Lucia's  day  ;  one  of  the  Caril^bc 
Iflands,  6  leagues  S  of  Martinico,  and  at 
N  W  of  Barbadoes.     It  is  about  27  mile* 
long  from  N  to  S,  and  1%  broad.     Here 
arc  feveral  hiiLs,  2  of  which  being   very 
round  and  fteep,  are  called  the  Pins'  head 
of  St.  Lucy,  and  were  volcanoes.     At  the 
foot  of  them  are  line  vallies,  having  a 
good  foil  -and  well  watered.     In  thelc  arc 
tall  trees,  with  the  timber  of  which  the 
planters   of    Martinico   aud    Barbadoes 
build  their  houfi  3  and  wind  mills.     Here 
is  alio  plency  of  cocoa  and  fuftic.     1  he 
air  is  reckoned  healthy,  the  hills  not  be- 
ing fo   high   as    to   intercept   the  trade 
winds,   which  always  fan  it  from  the  E, 
by  which  means  the  heat  of  the   chmatc 
is    moderated    and    rendered    agreeable. 
In  St.  I^ucia  are  feveral  commodious  bays 
and  harbours,  with  good  anchorage,  par- 
ticularly the  Little  Careenage,  one  of  the 
prnicipal  inducements  for  the  French  to 
prefer    it   to  the  other  neutral   iflands. 
'i'his  port  ha^i  feveral  noted  advantages  ; 
there  is  everywhere  depth  enough,  and 
the  quality   of   the  bottom  is   excellent. 
I  Nature  has  formed  there  three  careening 
j  places,  which  do  not  want  a  key,  and  re- 
!  quire  nothing  but  a  capflern  to  turn  the 
j  keel  above  ground.     Thirty  fliips  of  the 
{  line  might   lie  there  fl\elteied  from  hur- 
j  ricanes,  without    the   trouble  of   being 
j  moored.      The    boats    of   the    country 
wh'ch  have  been  kept  a  long  time  in  this 
I  harbour,  have  never  been  eaten  by  the 
I  worms  ;    however,  they   do  nor  expe(5t 
j  that  this   advantage  v.-ill  laH:,   vvhatever 
be  the  caufe.     For  the   other  harbours, 
the  winds  are  always  good  to  go  out  with, 
and  the  largeft  fquadron  might  be  in  the 
offing  in  I  els  than  an  liour.     There  are  9 
pariflies  in  the  iHand,  8  to  the  leeward, 
and  only  one  to  the  windward.    Ihis 
preference  given  to  one  part  of  the  ifland 
more   than    another,  does  not  proceed 
from  the  fuperiority  of  the  foil,  but  from 
the  greater  or  iefs  conveniency  in  fend- 
ing out  or  receiving  fliip?.     A  high  road 
is  made  round  the  ifland,  and  two  others 
which  crofs   it   from  E  to  W,  afford  all 
manner  of  facilities  to  carry   the  com- 
modities of  the  plantations  to  the  barca- 
deres,  or    landing    places.     In   January 
1769,  the  free  inhabitants  of  the  ifland 
amounted  to  2524;  the  flaves  to  10,270, 
It    had  m  cattle  598   mules  and  horfes, 
iS  19  liorncd  bcaila,  and  2378  fliccp.     Its 
pUntsLtreas 


LUN 


LUN 


plantations  \vere  1,379,680  plants  of  co- 
coa ;  2,463,880  of  coflce  ;  681  fquarea 
of  cotton  ;and  254  of  I'ugar  canes  ;  there 
were  16  fugar  works  going  on,  and  18 
neiriy  completed.  Its  produce  yielded 
^iiZ,ooo,  which  by  improvement  mioht 
be  jncreafcd  to  ^500,000.  I'he  Etv^Viili 
firft  fettled  in  this  ifland  in  1637.  From 
this  time  they  met  with  various  nii&for- 
tunes  from  the  natives  and  French  ;  and 
at  length  it  was  agreed  on  between  the 
latter  and  the  Englilli,  that  this  ifland, 
together  with  Dominica  and  St.  Vincent, 
iliould  remain  neutrat.  But  the  French, 
before  the  war  of  1756  broke  out,  began 
to  fettle  thefe  iflands,  which  by  the  treaty 
of  peace  were  yielded  up  to  Great  Brit- 
ain, and  this  ifland  to  France.  The  Brit- 
ifli  made  thcmfeives  mafter  of  it  in  1778  ; 
but  it  was  reftored  again  to  the  French 
in  1783  ;  and  retaken  by  the  Britifli  in 
I794.  St.  I-ucia  had  900  of  its  inhabit- 
ants dcftroVed  by  an  earthquake,  Ool. 
iz,  178^.  It  is  63  miles  N  W  of  Barba- 
does.     N  lat.  i4,Wlon.  61. 

LitJloiv^  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Madachufetts,  S  of  Qranby,  10  miles  N 
K  of  Springfield,  and  90  W  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  contains 
650  inhabitants. 

Lud'.o'u),  a  townflup  on  Black  river, 
Wlndfor  co.  Vermont.  It  contains  410 
inhabitants,  and  is  about  10  or  12  miles 
W  of  Wcathersficld,  on  Conncaicut  R. 

Lue,  St.  the  chief  town  of  the  captain- 
fliip  of  Petagues,  in  the  N  divilion  of 
Brazil. 

Luke,  St.  a  parlfli  in  Ikaufort  diftricSV, 
S.  Carolina. 

Lumberion^  a  pofl:  tov/n  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  Robefon  co.  on  Drowning 
creek,  3^  miles  S  of  Fayetteville,  and  ^2> 
S  by  W  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  court  houfe 
and  about  30  dwelling  houfes. 

Lunenburg^  a  county  of  Virginia,  a  d- 
joining  Nottaway,  Brunfwick,  Mecklen- 
burg, and  Charlotte  counties.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long,  and  20  broad, and  contains 
4505  free  inhabitant?,  and  5876  Haves. 
At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office. 

Lunenburg,  a  townlliip  in  Eifcx  CO.  in 
Vermont,  on  ConneAicut  river,  S  W  of 
Guildhall,  and  N  E  of  Concord.  The 
river  takes  a  S  E  courfe  along  thcfe  towns, 
feparating  them  from  Lancafter,  Dalton, 
and  Littleton,  in  the  State  of  N.  Hamp- 
iliire.  The  Upper  Bar  of  the  Fifteen 
mile  Falls  is  oppofitc  this  town.  The 
Cat  Eow,  a  bend  of  the  ConnecSVicut,  is 
i.ear  the  middle  of  the  town.    The  Up- 


per Bar  lies  in  lat.  44  ar  30.  The  towTt- 
fliip  contains  393  inhabitants. 

Lunenburg,  a  towufhip  of  Worcefter  co. 
Maflachufctts,  on  an  elevated  fituacion, 
25  miles  from  the  Great  Monadnock 
mountain  in  N.  Ilampfliire,  12  from 
Watchufett  mount'iin  in  this  ccnuity,  and 
45  miles  N  W  of  Bofton.  It  contains 
14,000  acres  of  laud,  on  which  are  1*43 
inhabitants  ;  and  is  much  more  remark- 
able for  the  health  than  the  wealth  of  its 
pofTelTors.  The  people  have  little  trade 
or  intercourfe  wirh  the  neighbouring 
country,  and  live  a  i'olitary  but  indepen- 
dent life.  The  nailing  butiu^fs  is  carried 
on  to  advantage.  There  is  a  hill  in  the 
middle  of  the  towniliip,  called  Turl-fy 
Hill,  on  account  of  the  great  number  of 
wild  turkics  which  formerly  Irtqueuted 
the  place,  and  which  denominated  the 
whole  trai5l previous  to  its  incorporation 
in  1728  ;  when  its  prefcnt  name  was  giv- 
en to  it,  in  compliment  to  king  George 
II.  who  was  ftyled  Duke  of  l.uneijburg, 
from  a  town  in  his'German  dominions. 

Lunenburg,  now  Iy'j!eraj;zi:,a.  town  of  N. 
York,  Green  co.  on  the  W  lide  of  Hud- 
fon's  river,  oppofite  to  the  city  of  Hud- 
fon,  and  30  miles  S  of  Albany.  It  is  a 
thriving  village  of  about  20  or  30  houfes, 
chieHy  new,  with  a  nccU  Dutch  church, 
ftandiugon  the  bank  of  the  river.  A  new 
road  is  cutting  from  this  village  into  the 
ftttlenients  on  the  upper  branches  of  thr 
Delaxvare  and  Sufquehanna  rivers,  whicU 
will  probably  prove  highly  beneficial  to 
the  town.  A  number  of  the  MeflVs.  I..iv- 
ingflons  havepurchafed  land  in  and  about 
this  village,  to  the  amount  of  ;(,io,ooo, 
and  have  laid  out  a  regular  town,  which, 
will  be  a  rival  to  Kaats'  Kill,  5  miles  be- 
low. The  fcite  of  the  town  is  uneven, 
and  not  of  a  very  good  foil. 

Lunenburg,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Mahone  Bay,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  prov- 
ince, facing  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Its  chief 
towns  are  New  Dublin,  Lunenburg,  Chef- 
ter,  and  Blandford.  In  Mahone  Bay,  La 
Have,'  and  Liverpool,  fevcral  fliips  trade 
to  Enghmd  vv^ith  timber  and  boards.  Chef- 
ter  is  fettled  by  a  few  Nev/  England  fam- 
ilies and  others  :  from  hence  to  Windfor 
is  a  road  the  diftance  of  25  miles. 

Lunenburg,  a  townlliip  in  the  above 
county,  lltuated  on  Mcrliqueth,  or  Merli- 
guafli  Bay,  well  fettled  by  a  num.ber  of 
induflrious  Germans.  The  lands  are 
good,  and  generally  well  cultivjtted.  It  1$ 
3S  niiles  s\v  by  S  of  Halifax,  and  27  N 
by  li  of  Liverpool. 


LYM 


L  YK 


Lur^itn,  a.  townflilp  in  Franklin  c«. 
Pcnnfylvania.       It  has   758    inhabitants. 

LntierdL',  au  iilaud  in  Machias  Bay, 
Maine. 

Lutterlociy  a  tovvnfliip  in  Orleans  co. 
Vennont,  N  of  Craftfbo rough.  Hazen's 
E.oad,  which  extends  S  S  E  to  the  Oxbow 
on  ConnciSticut  river,  paiTes  through  Lut- 
terlock.     It  has  x^  inhabitants. 

Luzerne,  a  large  county  of  Pennfylva- 
nla,  bounded  N  by  Tioga  county,  in  N. 
York,  E  and  3  E  by  Northampton,  W  by 
Lycoming  and  Northumberland  counties. 
It  is  about  79  miles  in  length  from  N  to 
6,  and  75  in  breadth  from  E  to  W,  and  is 
divided  into  19  townilTiips.  In  this  coun- 
ty are  2  churches,  33  fiiw  mills,  24  grift 
mills,  a  fulling  mills,  and  i  oil  mill.  The 
number  of  inhabitants  is  12,839.  A  great 
part  of  the  county  is  barren  where  remote 
from  rivers.  It  is  well  watered  by  the  E 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river  and  its 
tributaries,  which  furnifli  numerous  and 
excellent  mill  feats.  The  foil  near  the 
j"iver  is  remarkably  fertile,  producing 
good  crops  of  wheat,  flax,  and  hemp.  The 
N  parts  abound  with  pine,  timber  and  fu- 
gar  maple.  In  the  townlliips  of  Wilkf- 
barre,  Kingfton,  Exeter,  and  Plymouth 
are  large  beds  of  coal.  Coal  and  Bog  iron 
is  found  in  ieveral  places,  and  two  forges 
have  been  eredted.  In  this  county  are 
many  remains  of  ancient  fortifications. 
They  arc  of  an  eliptical  form,  and  over- 
grown with  large  white  oak  trees.  Chief 
town,  Wilkiharre. 

Lyeovtittgy  a  county  in  the  N  AV  part  of 
Pcnnfylvania,  bounded  N  by  the  State  of 
N-  York,  and  W  by  Alleghany  county.  It 
is  150  miles  long,  86  broad,  being  the 
Jargeft  in  the  State.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Sufquehanna,  Tyoga,  Lycoming, 
Luyalfuc,  Sinnemahoniug,  Alleghany,  To- 
by's, Sandy  Lick,  Pine,  and  Mohulbuc- 
tum.  The  N  and  W  parts  are  unfetiled. 
It  is  divided  into  10  tovvnfliips  and  con- 
tains 5414  uihabitants. 

Lycoming-,  a  Creek  which  runs  S,  and 
empties  into  the  W  branch  of  Sufquchan- 
«a,  a  few  miles  W  of  Loyalfock  Creek. 
See  Loyalfock. 

Lycomingy  a  village  in  Pennfylvania,  40 
miles  from  Northumberland,  and  dd  from 
the  Painted  Poll  in  the  State  of  N.  York. 

Lyman,  a  townflilp  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfhire,  fituated  at  the  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain on  the  E  fide  of  Connecticut  river, 
between  Littleton  and  Bath,  and  7  miles 
W  by  N  of  New  Concord,  It  was  incorpo- 
usted  iiU  7  6 1 ,  aad  contains  SZi  inhabitants. 


Lyman,  a  town  in  the  county  of  Y»rlcj 
Maine,  (formerly  Coxhall,)  N  of  Wells,  and 
E  of  Alfred,  adjoining  each. 

Lymcy  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fhire.    See  Lyme. 

Lyme,  a  poft  town  in  New  London  co. 
Connecticut,  the  Ncbantick  of  the  Indians, 
is  on  the  E  fide  of  Connecticut  river,  at 
its  mouth  ;  bounded  S  by  Long  Ifland 
Sound,  N  by  liaddam  and  Colchetler,  and 
E  by  N.  London.  It  was  fettled  about  the 
year  1664,  and  was  incorporated  in  May 
1667.  Here  are  three  pariflies,  befide 
a  congregation  of  Separatifts,  and  another 
of  Bapdli-,.  It  contains  4380  inhabit- 
ants. 

Lynchburg,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia,  ia 
Bedford  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  James  river, 
nearly  oppofite  to  Maddifon,  and  one  mile 
diftant.  Here  are  about  100  houfes,  and 
a  large  ware  houfe  for  the  infpevftion  of 
tobacco.  There  is  alfo  a  printing  office 
which  ilTues  a  weekly  gazette.  In  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  town  are  feveral  valuable 
merchant  mills.  It  is  12  miles  from  New 
London,  23  from  Cabelliburg,  50  from 
Prince  Edward's  court  honfe,  150  W  by 
N  of  Richmond,  and  408  S  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Lyncbvilh;  a  pofl  town  Marion  co.  S. 
Carolina,  450  miles  from  Waflnngton. 

Lymfeborough,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  about  70  miles  from 
Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  the 
year  1764.     It  contains  976  inhabitants. 

Lyndon,  a  townihip  in  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont,  lies  N  of  St.  Johnfljury,  and  S 
of  Billymead  and  Burke.  It  contains  622 
inhabitants. 

Lynn,{Sagtis  of  the  Indians)  a  maritime 
pofl.  town  in  ElTex  co.  MafTachufetts,  on 
a  bay  which  fets  up  from  that  of  A'lafla,' 
chufctts,  N  E  of  Bofl:on  Bay,  and  about  9 
miles  N  by  E  of  the  town  of  Bofton.  The 
eomi)adt  part  of  the  town  forms  a  very 
long  flreet.  The  townfliip  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1637, and  contains  2837  inhabit- 
ants. Here  are  two  pariflies,  befide  a 
fociety  of  Methodifts,  and  a  large  number 
of  Friends.  The  bufinefs  which  makes 
the  greatefl:  figure,  and  for  which  the 
town  of  Lynn  is  celebrated,  is  the  manu- 
facfture  of  women's  fiik  and  cloth  flioes. 
Thefe  are  difpofed  of  at  Bofton,  Salem, 
and  other  commercial  tovyns,  and  fold  for 
home  ufe,  or  fliipped  to  the  Southern 
States,  and  to  the  \V.  Indies.  By  a  calcu- 
lation made  in  1802,  it  appeared  that  more 
than  400,000  pair  of  flioes  were  made  in 
this  town.  Lynn  Beach  maybe  reckoned 
a  curiufity. 


'MAC 


M  A  C 


dTitiiofity.  it  is  a  mile  in  length,  and 
conneAs  the  peninfula  called  Nahant  with 
the  main  laud.  This  is  a  place  of  much 
refort  for  parties  of  pleafure  froin  Bofton, 
Charledown,  Salem,  Marblehead,  B<c.  in 
the  fummer  feafon.  The  beach  is  ufed  as 
a  race  grouud,  for  which  it  is  well  calcu- 
lated, being  level,  fmooth,  and  hard.  A 
mineral  fpring  has  been  difcovered  with- 
in the  limits  of  the  townlliip,  but  is  of  lit- 
tle note. 

Lynn  Rk>ci\  Norfo'k  co.  U.  Canada,  rifcs 
in  the  tovvmliip  of  Windham,  and  run- 
ning from  thence  foutherly  through  the 
township  of  Woodhoafe,  empties  itfelf  in- 
to Like  Erie,  where  it  has  about  3  feet 
water  on  the  bar  ;  it  is  a  good  harbour 
for  batteaux.  Smyth. 

LynnjiAi,  atownfliip  inEflex  co.  MaJa- 
chnfetts,N  E  of  Salem,  and  15  miles  N  by 
E  of  Boflon.  It  was  incorporated  in  1782, 
and  contains  468  inhabitants. 

Lynnhavcn  Bay,  at  the  S  end  of  Chefa- 
peak  Bay,  and  into  which  Lynnhaven 
river  empties  its  Abaters,  lies  between  the 
mouth  of  Jam.s's  river  and  Cape  Henry. 
The  mouth  of  the  river  is  7  miles  W  of 
Cnpe  Henry.  Here  Comnte  do  Graffe 
moored  the  principal  part  of  the  French 
fleet,  at  the  blockade  of  Yoik  Tov/n  in 
1781. 

Lyons.,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.  tovi'nfliip 
of  Phelps,  N.  York,  at  the  jund:ion  of  Mud 
and  Cauandarqixe  Creeks,  16  miles  N  of 
Geneva,  and  about  20  S  of  Sodus.  This 
village  is  fituated  in  a  very  fine  country, 
with  excellent  advantages  for  water  con- 
I'eyance,  and  received  its  name  from  the 
finxilari^y  of  its  fituation,  to  Lyous  in 
Francs. 

LyfiirJer,  a  tov/nfliip  in  Onondago  co. 
N.  York,  incorpor:ated  in  1794,  and  com- 
prehends the  military  towns  of  Hannibal 
and  Cicero.  The  town  meetings  are  held 
at  the  Three  Rivers  in  this  town.  It  is 
16  miles  S  E  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  has  121 
inhabitants. 

I^yfray  a  fmall  town  in  Nelfon  co.  Ken- 
tucky, fituated  on  a  W  water  of  RolUng 
Fork,  a  S  branch  of  Salt  river.  N  lat.  37 
2J- 


M. 


M 


AATE A,  onaoithQ  Society  Iflands, 
in  the  S.  Sea, S  lat.  17  52,  W  Ion.  148  t. 

Macapa,  a  town  on   the   N  W  bank  of 
Amazon  river,  W  of  Caviana  ifland.at  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  and  a  fe\v  minutes  N 
of  the  equino<5tinl  line. 
Voi,  I.  pp 


Macas^  the  fouthern  dillritfl  of  Ouixos,a 
government  of  Peru,  bounded  E  by  th'e 
government  of  Mayna?  ;  .S  by  that  of 
Bracamoros  and  Yagnarfongo  ;  and  oii 
the  W,  the  E  Cordiliera  of  the  Andes  fep- 
arates  it  from  the  jurifd  Aions  of  Riobam- 
ba  and  Guenca.  Its  capital  is  the  city  of 
Macas,  the  name  commonly  given  to  the 
whole  country.  It  produces,  m  great 
plenty,  gr  tin  and  fruits,  copal,  and  wild 
wax ;  but  the  chief  occupation  of  the 
country  people  is  the  cultivation  of  tobac- 
co. Sugar  canes  thrive  alfo  here,  as  .alf6 
cotton  ;  but  the  dread  of  the  wild  Indians 
prevents  the  inhabitants  from  planting 
more  than  ferves  for  prefent  ufe."  Herfe 
are  cinnamon  trees,  faid  to  be  of  fuperior 
quality  to  thnfe  of  Ceylon.  There  are  al- 
fo mines  of  ultra  marine,  from  which  very 
little  is  extracted,  but  a  finer  colour  can- 
not be  imagined.  Among  the  vaft  varie- 
ty of  trees  which  crowd  the  woods,  is  the 
ftorax,  whofe  gum  is  exquiiitely  fragran^, 
buffcarce. 

Mac  G'ttlivrays  Plantation,  0\\  Coofa  riv- 
er, is  a  little  above  the  Old  French  fort 
Alabamotis.  ' 

Machal.i,  a  tow^n  of  Guayaquil,  on  the 
toaflof  Tumbes,  in  Peru,  in  a  declining 
ftate.  The  jurifdicStion  of  the  fame  nam6 
produces  great  quantities  of  cocoa,  reck- 
oned the  bed  in  all  Guayaquil.  In  its 
neighbourhood  are  great  numbers  of  man- 
gles, or  mangrove  trees,  whofe  fpreading 
branches  and  thick  trunks  cover  all  the 
plains  ;  which  lying  low  are  frequcntl;*' 
overflown.  This  tree  divides  itfelf  into 
very  knotty  and  diftotted  branches,  and 
from  each  knot  a  multitude  of  ©thcrs  ger- 
minate, forming  an  impenetrable  thicket. 
The  wood  of  the  mangrove  tree  is  To  hea- 
vy, as  to  fmk  in  water,  and  when  ufed  in 
fliips,  iScc.  is  found  very  durable,  being 
fui'jedl  neither  to  fplit  or  rot.  The  In- 
dians of  this  jurifdiAion  pay  their  annual 
tribute  in  the  wood  of  the  mangrove 
tree. 

Machanvara,  a  river  formed  by  the 
jundlicn  of  feveral  ftreams,  ifiliing  from 
the  S  and  W  fides  of  the  Panecillo  or 
Sugar  Loaf  mountain,  on  the  S  W  fide 
of  Quito,  in  Peru.  It  waflies  the  S  parts 
of  the  city,  and  has  a  Hon-  bridge  over  it. 

Machhis,  a  port  of  entrV;  pofi:  town  and 
feat  o'  juftice,  in  WafKington  co.  Maine, 
fituated  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  ao 
miles  S  W  of  Paffamaquoddy,  95  E  by  N 
of  Penobfcot,  and  236  N  E  of  Portland, 
in  47  37  N  lat.  It  is  a  thriving  place, 
and  carries  on  a  confideraWe  trade  to 

Boilo^ 


MAC 


MAC 


Bofton  and  the  W.  Indies  in  fifh,  lumber, 
&c.  A  regular  port  between  this  town  ' 
and  Halifax,  in  Nova  Scotia,  has  been 
c^ftahlillied.  The  name  of  the  town  is 
altered  from  the  hidian  name  Mechiffes, 
given  to  the  river  in  the  oldefl  maps.  It 
is  400 miles  NE  of  Bofton,  and  about  300 
by  water.  Early  attempts  were  made  to 
fettle  here,  but  the  firft  permanent  lettle- 
jnent  was  irtade  in  i  763,  by  15  perfons  of 
byth  fexcs  from  Scarborough,  in  Cum- 
berland co.and  in  1784  the  town  was  in- 
corporated. The  chief  fettlements  are 
at  tiie  E  and  \V  Falls,  and  at  Middle  riv- 
er. Macf.K:!s  River, -Ahev  running  a  north 
courfe,  6  miles  dlfbmce  from  Crofs  ill- 
and,  (which  forms  its  entrance)  feparates^ 
at  a  place  called  the  Rim  ;  one  branch 
taking  a  NE  dire6tioiV;  runs  2-;^  miles, 
•with  a  width  of  30  rods  to  the  head  of 
the  tide,  where  are  two  double  faw  mills, 
and  one  grift  miU:  The  main  branch 
runs  a  N  W  courfe,  nearly  3  miles-,  and  is 
70  rods  wide,  to  the  head  of  the  tide, 
where  are  two  double  and  linglc  faw 
mills,  and  two  grill  mills.  The  chief  fet- 
tlement  is  at  W  Falls,  the  county  courts; 
being  held  and  the  gaol  erected  there. 
The  main  channel  of  the  river  takes  its 
courfe  to  thefe  falls,  which,  though  crook- 
ed and  narrow,  admits  veflei^  of  burden 
to  load  at  the  wharves  within  50  rods  of 
the  mills.  This  advantage  no  other  part 
of  tlic  town  can  enjoy,  'i'he  entrance  of 
Machias  river  is  in  N  lat.  44  35,  W  Ion. 
6656.  The  town  is  divided  into  4  dil- 
tritfls  for  thefupport  of  fchools  ;  and  in- 
to 2  for  the  convenience  of  public  wor- 
iliip..  In.  1792  Wafiiingtoii-  academy  was 
cftablitbtd  here.  The  general  court  in- 
corporated a  number  of  gcntlcnitn  as 
truibees,  and  gave  for  its  fupport  a  town- 
iliip'Of  land.  In  1790  the  town  con- 
tained 818,,  and  in  1800,  T014  inhabit- 
ants. 'I'he  exports  of  Machias  conlifl" 
principally  of  lumber,  viz,  boards,  fliin- 
gles,  clapboards,  laths,  and  various  kinds 
t)f  hewed  timber.  The  cod  filbcry  might 
be  carried  on  to  advantage,  though  it 
lias  been  greatly  neglectcdv  In  1793, 
between  70  and  80  tons  were  employed 
m  the  filhery  ;  and  not  above  500  quin- 
tals were  exported.  The  faw  mills,  of 
which  there  are  17,  cut  on  an  average 
three  million  feet  of  boards  annually.  A 
great  proportion  of  timber  is  ufually 
fliipped  in  Britifli  vefTcls.  The  total  a- 
mount  of  otports  annually  exceeds 
15,000  dollars.  From  Machias  Bay  to 
|he  iiiuuth  of  St.  Croix,  there  arc  a  grcAi 


many  fine  iflands  ;  but  the  navrgattoa  itf 
gener<illy  without  thefe  in  the  open  fea. 
In  the  year  1704,  when  Col.  Church 
made  an  attack  on  the  French  planta- 
tion on  the  river  Schoodiclc,  he  found 
one  Lutterelle,^  a  French  nobleman,  oa 
one  of  thefe  iilands,  and  removed  him. 
The  illand  ftill  retains  his  name. 

JUjc  Coivans  Fftrd,  on  Catabaw  river» 
is  upwards  of  500  feet  M^ide,  and  about 
3  feet  deep.  Lord  Cornwallis  croffed 
here  in  purfuit  of  the  Americans  in  1781, 
in  his  way  to  Hillfl)orough. 

Mac  Intojh,  a  county  in  the  I..ower  dif- 
trii5l  of  Georgia,  between  Liberty  and 
Glynn  counties,  on  the  Alatamaha  river. 
It  is  divided  into  4  towns,  and  contain* 
2660  inhabitants  ;  of  whom  1819  are 
(laves; 

Mac  Kenzie^s  River ^  ill  the  N  W  part 
of  N.  America,  riles  in  Slave  Lake,  run*- 
a  N  N  W  courfe,  and  receives  a  number 
of  large  rivers,  many  of  which  are  2.50 
yards  wide,  and  iome  arc  xa  fathonia 
deep  at  the  influx..  It  empties  into  the 
N.  Sea,  at  Whale  liland  in  lat.  69  14, 
!>etween  130  and  135  W  Ion.  after  a- 
eoarfe  of  780  miles  from  Slave  Lalce.  It 
has  its  name  from  Mr.  M'Kenzie,  who 
alcendcd  this  river  in  the  lummer  af 
1789.  He  erecfted  a  poll  with  his  name' 
engraven  on  it,  on.  Whale  Ifland,  at  the 
mouth  of  this  river.  He  faw  there  a  num- 
ber of  men  and  canoes,  alfo  a  numl)er  of 
animal's  refembling  pieces  of  ice,  fuppofed 
by  him  tobe  whales  ;  probably  fea  horfeg, 
deferil)ed  by  Captain  Cook.  The  tide  was 
obferved  to  rife  16  or  18  inches.  In  fomc 
places  the  current  of  the  river  makes  a 
hilling  noife  like  a  boiling  pot.  It  paflea 
through  the  ftony  mountains,  and  has 
great  ])art  of  that  range  on  the  W  fide. 
The  Indian  nationsi  inhabiting  the  W 
fide  from  the  Slave  Lake  are  the  Strong- 
bow.  A^bitntain,  and  Hare  Indians  ;  thole 
on  the  E  iide,  the  Beaver,  Inland,  Nathana, 
and  Quarrelers.  An  account  of  Macken- 
zie'.s  difcoveries  in  thefe  regions  is  given 
inider  the  head  of  North  A/ncricuy  whick 
fee. 

MacoMh\  or  Mac^hctch.,  River,  Grtat^ 
empties  into  the  Mifllhppi  from  the  N  W 
in  N  lat.  42  '.53.  Little  Macohdh  fall* 
tJirough  the  E  bank  of  the  MilTHippi, 
about  45  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Great 
Macokeih,  and  oppofite  to  the  old  Lead 
mise. 

Macopin,  a  fmall  river,  vyhlch  empties 
into  tJie  Illinoi.*,  from  the  S  F),  18  miles 
from  lh#  MilUnppi  ;  i$   ZQ  yards   wide, 

and 


MAD 


MAD 


«ncl  nivigable  9  miles  to  the  hills.  The 
iliore  is  low  on  both  (ides,  clad  with  pec- 
cau,  maple,  alh,  button  wood,  &c.  The 
land  abounds  with  timber,  and  is  covered 
with  high  weeds. 

Jllacnriz,  a  I'mall  river  on  the  S  fide  of 
llie  illaud  of  St.  Domingo  ;  .16  leagues  E 
of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 

AIjcun<yyj  a  towjjlhip  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania, having  1844  inhabitants. 
Mid,  a  river,  called  alfo  P'ukaiva  Fork,  a 
rapid  branch  of  the  great  Miami,  having 
a  3  W  courle.  It  is  a  beautiful  ftreani, 
paffing  through  a  plcafant  Jevel  country 
of  the  greated  fertility. 

Madame,  IJL',  forms  the  N  E  fide  of  the 
Gut  of  Canfo,  as  you  enter  .from  the  S  E, 
and  is  oppofite  to  the  eadern. extremity 
of  Nova  Scotia.  The  N  point  of  the  ill- 
and  lies  I4miles  S>of  St.  Peter's  harbour,in 
Cape  Breton  iflaiid.  The  illes  dc  Madame 
are  dependent  on    Cape  Breton  iflaild. 

MadLury,  a  to.wnfliip  in  Strafford  co. 
-N.  Hampfliire,  between  Dover  and  Dur- 
ham, about  10  miles  N  W  of  Portlmouth. 
It  was  incorporated  in  175J,  and  has  544 
inhabitants. 

Madtfon,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  E  by  Culpepper,  S  by  Grange,and  W 
by  Shcn.indoah  co.  It  is  about  30  miles 
fquare,  watered  by  the  Rapid  Ann,  and 
Robfon  rivers.  It  contains  48.86  free 
inhabitants,  and  3436  llavcs 

Madifon,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  ad- 
joining Fayette,  Clarke,  Lincoln,  aud 
Mercer  counties.  It  contains  10,380  in- 
habitauts,,of  whom  i688  are  flaves.  Chief 
lown,  Milford. 

Afjdijo-7,  a  i'mall  poft  town  of  Amherfl 
CO.  Virginia  ;  on  the  N  llde  of  James's 
river,  oppofite  Lynchburg.  It  hes  150 
miles  W  by  N  of  Richmond. 

Madifon  s  Cave,  the  hirgefl  and  -moft 
celebrated  cave  in  Virginia,  fituated  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  in  a 
hill  of  about  zoofeet  perpendicular  height, 
tht"  afcent  of  which,  .on  one  fide  is  fo 
ftecp,  that  you  may  pitch  a  bifcuit  from 
its  fummit  into  the  river  which  wafli^is 
its  bafe.  The  entrance  of  the  cave  is  in 
this  fide,  about  two  thirds  of  the  way  up. 
It  extends  into  the  earth  about  300'feet, 
branching  into  fubordinate  caverns, 
fomet^'mes  afcending  a  little,  but  more 
generally  defcending,  and  at  length  ter- 
minates in  two  different  places,  at  bafons 
pf  water  of  unknown  extent,  and  which 
appear  to  be  nearly  on  a  level  with  the 
^--aterof  the  river.  The  vault  of  this 
cave  is  of  foiid  limcflonc,  from  %q  to  40 


or  50  feet  liiglt,  through  which  "Water  U 
continually  cxudating.  This  trickling 
down  the  fides  of  the  cave,  has  incruftcd 
them  over  in  the  form  of  elegant  dra- 
pery ;  and  dripping  fr>>m  the  top  of  the 
vault,  generates  on  thi;t,  and  on  the  bale 
below,  ftalaOlites  of  a  conical  form,  fomc 
of  which  have  met  and  formed  lar4fc 
maffy  columne. 

Madera,  or  Madeira,  one  of  the  largcft 
branches  of  the  tamous  Maranon  or  riv- 
er of  Amazons,  in  S.  America.  In  1741, 
the  Portugucfe  Jailed  u,p  this  ftream,.tirt 
they  found  thcml'clvcs  near  Santa  Crur. 
de  la  Sierra,  between  lat.  .17  and  18  S. 
From  the  mouth  of  this  river  in  lat.  3  zo 
S,  the  Maranon  is  known  among  the  in- 
habitants by  the  name  of  the  river  of 
Amazons  ;  and  upwards  they  give  it  the 
name  of  the  river  of  Solimoes.  A.X.  Loret- 
to,  the  Madera  Psceivc^  two  branches 
from  the  S.  From  Lnretto  to  Trinidad 
in  lat.  15  S,  its  courle  is  N  ;  thence  to  its 
mouth  its  general  courfe  isNEby  N  and  N. 

Madrede  Dos,  Port.  See  C'ur.Jlietna^  St. 
AKo  R^folution  Bay. 

Madre  de  Popa,  a  town  and  cojivent  of 
Terra  Firma  in  S.  x\raerica-,  fituutfeil  on 
the  river  Grande,  or  JVIagdalena.  The 
pilgrims  in  S.  A:nprica  relpccl  this  relig- 
ious foundation  wiili  /eal,  and  relort  to 
it  in  great  nun\bers  ;  many  miraclestbeing 
faid  to  have  been  wrought  here  -by  tlie 
Holy  Virgin,  in  favour  .of  the  Spanilh 
fleets  and  their  failoF«,  who  are  there- 
fore verv  liberai  in  t-heir.donations  at  her 
flirinc.  It  lies  .^4  miles  H  of  Carthageua, 
N  lat.  10  51,  W  Icn.  ;'6  15. 

Aiadrid,  Neiv,  \\\  Louifiaiia,  on  the  W 
hank  of , tlie  Miiiifippi.  See  Nciv  Madrid, 
Two  miles  W  of  the  town  are  the  plains 
and  higldands,  which  are  not  of  the  lirrt: 
quality.  BetAvccn  thefe  plains  and  the 
town  is  a  fwamp,  through  which  a  budy 
of  water  from  the  Milfi.fippi  paflcs  when 
the  river  is  full,  k  is  a  commuidant's 
flat  ion.  'Ellicott, 

Madrigal,  li.  tawn  of  Popayan,  in  S.  A- 
merica.     N  lat.  o  50,  W  Ion.  75  45. 

Magdaler  TjJes.  a  clufter  of  ides  N  E  of 
the  iile  of  St.  John's,  and  N  W  of  that  of 
Cape  Breton,  in  the  ^idt'of  St.Lawrtn<^e  ; 
fituated  between  47  13,  and  47  42  N  lat. 
and  in  6j  40  VV  Ion  They  are  inhsbit* 
ed  by  a  few  fifliermcn.  Sea  cows  ufed  to 
frequent  them;  but  they  are  now  become 
fcarce.  Thefe  ifles  have  been  fatal  tw 
many  vefiels.  The  chief  of  them  are  the 
Dead  Man,  Entry,  and  Romea  iflandv, 
Seamen  wiUi  to  make  them  in  fair  wcaih- 


MAa 


MAG 


er,  as  they  ferve  them  to  take  a  new  de- 
parture ;  but  in  foggy  weather  Or  blowing 
\veathcr  they  as  ftudioudy  avoid  them. 
'  J\fIug(rgiiuCia7Vfftfo;,m,  or  Z,can  Lake  the 
largeft  fountain  of  the  Ma^akadawa  Riv- 
er. It  receives  3  ftreams.  Northern,  Mid- 
dle and  Southern,  which  all  enter  this 
lake  coming  in  fioni  the  weft  ward,  and 
continue  in  a  ftrcam  of  the  lame  name 
about  5  iniies  to  its  confluence  with  Pe- 
guefegehaugum. 

■■  Mygd'.limi ^  La,  one  of  the  Marqucfas' 
Wands,  in  the  S.  Sea  ;  about  6  leagues  in 
circuit,  and  lias  a  harbour  under  a  moun- 
tain on  its  S  fide  nearly  in  lat.  10  25  S, 
Icn   138  „^o  W. 

Llagualena^  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
empties  into  the  gulf  of  Mexico,  \V  by  S 
of  Mexicanq  river. 

Mardu-lena,  a  large  river,  the  two  prin- 
cipal fources  of  which  are  at  no  great  dif- 
tance  from  the  city  of  Popayan,  in  Terra 
rirma.  Belcazar,  by  going  down  this  riv- 
er, found  a  pafiage  to  the  N.  Sea.  The 
river,  after  uniting  its  waters  with  the 
Cance,  takes  the  name  of  Grande,  and 
falls  into  the  N.  Sen,  bf  low  the  town  of 
Madre  de  Popa.  The  banks  of  this  great 
river  are  well  inhabited, and  it  has  a  courfc 
of  above  200  leagues.  Its  mouth  is  much 
frequeMcd  by  fmogglers,  and  conveys  to 
Carthagcua  the  productions  of  New  Gran- 
ada, viz.  goid  and  grain.  Among  many 
other  conlidcrabl-:  places  on  its  banks  are 
JVTalambito,  Teneritfe,  Talaygua,  Mon- 
pox,  Tamalamcque,  &c. 

M.tgdaUm,  Cipeof^z  promontory  in  the 
centre  of  Canada,  where  there  is  an 
iron  mine,  whicli  promifes  great  advan- 
tages, both  with  regard  to  the  gooclnefs 
of  the  metal,  and  the  plenty  of  the  ore. 

Mageis  Sound,  on  the  N  W  coafi;  of  N. 
America,  is  in  Wafliington's  Iflands,  or 
what  the  Britifli  call  Edward's,  or  Char- 
lotte's lfles,fo  called  by  two  difTt-rent  cap- 
tains on  thtir  firft  falling  in  with  them. 
J.at.  52  46  N,  !on.  131  46  W.  This  found 
is  divided  by  Dorr's  liland  into  2  parts, 
leading  into  one.  The  other  port  is  call- 
ed Pore  Perkins. 

Magegjddv'i^k,  or  AJ^agacadava,  or  Ejf.- 
ern  R't-ner^  fails  into  the  bay  of  PalTama- 
quoddy,  and  js  fappofed  'to  be  the  true 
9t.  Croix,  which  forms  part  of  tlie  E 
boundary  line  between  the  United  States 
and  New  Brunfwlck. 

JSd  gellan^  Straits  cf,  at  the  S  extrem.ity 
of  S.  America,  lie  between  52  <  nc!  ^4  S 
lat.  and  between  76  and  84  W  Ion.  Thcfe 
ftrait*  have  Patagonia  on  the  N,  acd  the 


iflands  of  Terra  del  Fuego  on  the  S,  and 
extend  from  E  to  W  1 10  leagues,  but  the 
breadth  in  fome  places  fails  Ihort  of  one. 
They  were  fiifl:  difccvered  by  Magellan, 
or  Magelhaens,  a  Portugucfe,  in  ttie  fee- 
vice  of  Spain,  who,  in  1.520,  found  out 
thereby  a  paiTage  from  the  Atlantic  to 
the  Pacific  ocean.  He  was  the  iiilt  navi- 
gator who  failed  round  the  world. 

JMiigellania,  OV  '■Terra  Mugellanica,  a  vafl 
trael  of  h;nd,  extendirig  from  the  prov- 
ince of  Rio  dc  la  Plata,  quite  to  the  ut- 
moft  verge  of  8.  America,  viz.  from  lat. 
35  to  54  S.  The  river  Sirfondo  divides 
the  W  part  from  the  S  of  Chili ;  the  N 
part  of  it  alio  borders  on  Chili,  and  Cu- 
yo  or  Chicuito  on  the  W.  The  S.  Sea. 
boutids  it,  in  part,  en  the  W.  The  N. 
ocean  wholly  on  the  E,  and  Straits  of 
Magellan  on  the  S.  Magellan  himfeif 
made  no  great  difcoveries  in  this  coun- 
Tiy,  except  the  two  capes,  of  Virgins  and 
Dehre.  The  two  principal  nations  dif- 
covered  by  tl^e  mifiionarics,  are,  the  Chu- 
nians  and  Huillans  ;  tlie  former  inhabit 
the  continent,  and  feverai  i (lands,  to  the 
northward  of  the  Huillans,  who  inhabit 
the  country  near  Magellan  Straits,  The 
foil  is  generally  barren,  hardly  bearing 
any  grain,  and  the  trees  exhibit  a  difmal 
afpedl ;  io  that  the  inhabitants  live  mif- 
erably  in  a  cold,  inhofpitable  climate. 
The  Huillans  are  not  numerous,  being 
hunted  like  wild  bcafb,  by  the  Chunians, 
v/ho  fell  tliem  for  fiaves.  The  other  na- 
tions are  not  known,  much  lefs  their  ge- 
nius or  manner  of  living.  The  eaftcro 
coafts  of  M.igellan  are  generally  low, 
abounding  with  bogs,  and  have  I'everal 
idands  near  the  fliore  ;  the  moft:  remark- 
able of  which  is  the  Ifie  of  Penguins,  fa 
called  from  a  bird  of  that  name  which 
abounds  on  it.  Tlie  iflands  S  of  the  llraits 
are  Terra  del  Fuego  ;  as  there  is  a  volca- 
no in  the  largeft  of  them,  emitting  fire  and 
fmoke,  and  appears  ^erriblc  in  the  nighc. 
The  Spaniards  ereifled  a  fort  on  this  ftrait, 
and  placed  a  garrifou  in  it  ;  but  the  men 
were  all  ftarved. 

MagKana,  St.  "John  of.,^  canton  and  town 
on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of  S|t.  Domin- 
go, is  on  the  left  fide  of  tlie  river  Neybe. 
ihe  capital  of  the  ancient  Indian  kingdom 
of  Magnana,  ftood  where  the  town  St. 
John  of  Maguana  is  fituated.  The  an- 
cient capital  difappcared  with  the  unfor- 
tnriate  prince  Anacoana.  This  canton 
was  pillaged  i)y  the  Englifti  privateers, in 
1543.  IQ  ^764  the  diftridl  of  the  new 
parifli  contained  3690  pcrfons,  of  whom 

300 


MAI 


MAI 


300  were  capable  of  bearing  arms.  Its 
population  amounts  now  to  more  than 
50CO  fonls. 

Mfihackamack^  a  river  which  falls  into 
the  Delaware  from  the  N  E  at  the  N  W 
corner  of  N.  Jerfey. 

Mahone  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia, is  fcparcited  from  Margaret's  bay  by 
the  promontory  on  whicli  is  the  higli 
land  of  Afpotagoen. 

Mahoning,  a  townfliip  on  Sufquehanna 
river,  in  Pennrylvania. 

Alahongy,  a  t'ownlhip  on  Sufquehanna 
river,  in  Pennfylvania,  liaving  iioa  in- 
habitants. 

Maidenhead,  a  fmall  neat  village  in  Hun- 
terdon CO.  N.  Jerfey,  having  a  Prclbyte- 
rian  church,  halfway  between  Princeton 
and  l>enton>on  the  great  pofl:  road  from 
N.  York  to  Philadelphia  ;  6  miles  from 
each.  The  townfliip  of  Maidc ahead  con- 
tained in  1790  103a  inhabitant^i. 

MaiJjhuet  a    townfliip  in  EiTex  cQ.   in 
Vermont,  on  Connecticut  river,  contain-  j 
iug  152,  inhabitants. 

Maitijlone  Toivnfbip^  U.  Canada,  lies  be- 
tween Sandwich  and  Rochefter,  upon  1^. 
E.ie. 

Maine,  DiJiriSi  of,  belonging  tO  Mail^l- 
chufctts,  is  fituated  between  lat.  43  and 
48  15  N,  and  between  Ion.  64  52,  and  70 
39  W  ;  bounded  N  by  L.  Canada,  E  by 
the  province  of  New  Bruufwick,  S  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  W  by  N.  Hampfliire. 
Maine  is  in  length,  on  an  average,  200 
miles,  and  its  average  breadth  200 
miles  ;  containing  40,000  fquare  miles,  or 
a5 ,600,000  acres.  It  is  divided  into  6 
counties,  viz.  York,  Cumberland,  Lin- 
coln, Kenncbeck,  Hancock,  and  Wafliing- 
ton  ;  thefe  are  fubdivided  into  upwards 
of  aoo  incorporated  townfliips  ;  inhabit- 
ed by  151,719  free  people.  The  chief 
towns  are  Portland  the  metropolis,  York, 
Wells,  Brunfwick,  Wifcaffct,  Hallo- 
well,  Bath,  Waldoborough,  Penobfcot, 
and  IMachias.  The  chief  rivers  are  Pe- 
nobfcot, Kennebeck,  Saco,  Androfcoggin, 
St.  Croix,  &c.  beiide  a  vaft  number  of 
fmal!  rivers.  The  moft  noted  lakes  arc 
Moofehead,  Sccodic,  Sebacook,  and  Um- 
bagog.  The  chief  bays  arc  ihofe  of  Cafco, 
Penobfcot,  Machiac,  Saco,  and  Paffama- 
quoddy.  The  moft  remarkable  capes  are 
thofe  of  Ncddock,  Porpoife,  P:lizabeth, 
Small  Point,  Pemaquid,  and  Petit  Ma- 
nan.  Maine,  though  an  elevated  traA 
of  country,  cannot  be  called  mountain- 
ous. Af  great  proportion  of  the  lands  are 
arable  »n4  fertile,  particularly  between 


Penobfcot  and  Kenncbeck  rivers.  On 
fome  parts  of  the  fea  coaft,  the  lands  arc 
but  indifixrent.  I'he  foil  of  this  country 
in  general,  where  it  is  properly  fitted  \o 
receive  the  feed, appears  to  be  very  friend* 
ly  to  the  growth  of  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
oat*,pcas,hcmi),and  flax,  as  well  as  for  tJi.i 
produiflion  of  aimoft  all  kinds  of  culinary 
roots  and  plants,  and  for  English  grafs  ; 
and  alfo  for  Indian  corn,  efpcciaily  if  the 
feed  be  procured  from  a  more  northeru 
climate,  iiopsarethefpoutaneous  growth 
of  this  country  :  and  it  is  alio  uncommon* 
ly  good  for  grai:ing,  and  large  flocks  C/f' 
neat  cattle  may  be  fed  bodi  fummerantl 
wliiter.  The  natural  growth  conufts  of 
white  pine  and  fpruce  trees  in  large 
quantities,  fuitable  for  mails,  boards,  and 
(iungles  ;  maple,  beech,  white  and  grey- 
oak,  ar^d  yellow  birch.  The  low  lands 
produce  fir,  v/hich  yields  a  balfani  that  is 
highly  prized.  Almoft  the  whole  coafl: 
N  E  of  Portland  is  lined  with  ifiands, 
among  which  vcdcls  may  generally  an- 
chor w'llh.  fafety.  The  principal  exportsof 
this  country  are  of  various  kinds  of  lum- 
ber, as  pine  boards,  Ibip  timber,  and  ev- 
ery fpccics  of  fplit  lumber  manufadlured. 
from  pine  and  oak;  thcfe  are  exported 
from  the-  various  ports  in  immenfe  quan- 
tities. A  fpirit  of  improvement  is  in- 
crcallng  here.  A  college  has  been  or- 
ganized in  a  pleafant  fituatioii  in  Brunf- 
wick, and  5  academies  incorporated,  all 
endowed  with  handfomc  grants  of  pub- 
lic lands.  Town  fchools  are  maintained 
iu  mofl  of  the  towns.  The  Common- 
wealth of  Mafl"achufetts  poiiels  between 
eight  and  nine  million  acres  in  this  Dif- 
tritfl,  independent  of  what  they  have  fold 
or  contracSted  to  fell,  which  brings  into 
thetreafurytheneatfum  of  ^^ 26 9,005: 3: 7 
currency.  Exclufive  of  the  lands  fold, 
about  385,000  acres  have  been  granted 
for  the  encouragement  of  literature  and 
other  ufeful  and  humane  purpofes.  At- 
tempts were  made  to  fettle  this  country 
as  early  as  1607,  on  the  W  fide  of  Kennc- 
beck river  ;  but  they  proved  unfuccelT- 
ful,  and  were  not  repeated  till  between 
1620  and  1630.  ,  In  1635,  the  weftern 
part  of  it  was  granted  to  Ferdinando 
Gorges,  by  the  Plymouth  Company,  and 
he  firft  inftitnted  government  in  this  prov- 
ince. In  165a,  this  province  came  under 
the  jnrifditSlion  of  MaHachufetts,  and  was, 
by  charter,incorpGiattdwithit,ini69r.  It 
has  finceincreafed  to  I5i,7i9inhabitants. 
Mainjhoroughy  an  uninhabited  tovsrnfiiip 

in  Craftoa  C9.  f«{,  Hampilwrs, 


MAN 


MAN 


jRfa'rSy  Lr,  a  (brait  betTvefn  Terrs  flel 
Juego  au<J  Staten   liland,  m   S.  America, 

Jlldlsyt  Cap^^  is  th^  E  point  of  Cuba. 

AIujaba^adu£e^  in  ^Maiiie,  Ht  the  mouth  of 
P^noblcQt  river,  on  the  E  fide. 

Maktjiddy  Upper  and  Loixcr^  townfliipa 
in  Buck's  co.  Pcunfylvaniajthe  former  hav- 
ing iioi,  and  thfi  Jatter  963  inhabitams. 

Malabar y  Gape^  or  Sandy  Point,  a  narrow 
f^rip  of  Land  pi-ojeAing  out  from  the  S  E 
part  of  Cape  Cod,  Maflachuletts,  8  miles 
Jri  by  W.     N  lat.  41  :\2,  W  Ion.  70  3. 

Mulal>ri';o,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  in  t\\^  S.  Sea. 

Malamlnio,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Cartliagena,  in  Terra  Firma,  about  60 
mites  E  of  Carthngena,  and  on  the  W  fide 
of  th«  river  Magdalena. 

Maiden  Toiuvjhipy  E/Tex  CO.  U.  Can^ada, 
it  fituated  at  the  mouth  of  Detroit  river, 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  Itrait  having  Colchtf- 
fcr  to  Uie  E,  and  the  Huron  to  the  north, 

Smytb. 

Maiden,  a  town  in  Middlefex  co.  MaiTa- 
cKufetts,  on  the  E  poH:  road,  4  miles  N  of 
Bofton,  containing  1059  Inhabitants.  It 
is  connedled  with  Charleftown  by  a  biidge 
over  Myftic  river,  built  in  1787- 

Maldonado^  a  bay  in  the  river  La  Pl-ata, 
"E  of  Buenos  Ayres,  in  S.  Anierica,  and  9 
ieagues  from  Cape  Santa  Maria. 

Malta,  a  town  in  Saratoga  eo.  N.  York, 
taken  from  the  weftern  part  of  Stillwater, 
4  miles  E  of  Balltovvn  Sjji-ings, 

Mama  Katin^,  a  townfliip  in  Ulfler  c©. 
N.  York,  \V  of  Montgomery  and  WaMkiU, 
on  Delaware  river.  It  contains  1631  in- 
iabitants. 

j  Mamaronech,  a  townfhip  in  W.  Cheftcr 
ro.  N  York,  containing  512  inhabitants, 
kounded  S  by  New  Rochelle,  and  E  by 
the  Sound. 

Mamaritmi,  a  place  on  the  road  from 
Guavaquil  to  Quite,  ic  S.  America,  where 
there  is  a  very  beaxitifai  cafcade.  The 
lock  from  which  the  water  precipitates 
itfclf,  is  nearly  perpendicular,  and  50 
fathoms  high ;  and  on  both  fides  edged 
with  lofty  and  fpreading  trees.  I'he 
clcarnefs  of  the  water  dazzles  the  fight, 
v;hich  is  delighted,  at  the  fame  time,  with 
»he  large  volume  of  water  formed  in  its 
fall ;  after  which  it  continues  its  courfe 
in  a  bed,  along  a  fmall  defcent,  and  i» 
croffed  over  by  a  bridge. 

Manca,  a  town  of  W.  Florida,  on  the  E 
feank  of  the  Miflifippi,  at  the  mouth  of 
Hona  Chitto  river. 

Mancenilla,  a  large  bay  on  the  N  fide  of 
■the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo  ;  about  4,000 


fathoms  long  from  W  to  E,  -nvA  2,?^ 
broad  fiom  N  to  S.  Tlie  S  E  part  of  tlie 
bay  is  very  wide,  and  affords  excellent  an- 
chorage, even  for  veflels  of  the  firrt  fize. 
In  other  parts  it  is  too  fliaHow.  The 
river  Malfacrc,  which  was  the  point  of 
ilparalion  of  the  Frcncii  and  Spanilli  col- 
onics on  the  N  of  the  ifland,  runs  a  N 
couj  fe,  towards  its  mouth  N  W,  and  t-n- 
ters  the  eaftern  part  of  the  bay.  The  bay 
of  Mancenilla,  though  a  very  fine  one,  is 
not  fo  ufeful  as  it  mi^ht  be,  if  its  bottom 
were  well  known.  There  are  feveral 
iliallows  ill  it,  ©wing  to  the  overflo\ving» 
of  the  Maflaore,  which  rolls  into  it,  wood, 
fand,  and  ftones,  in  great  <juantitie«,  lo 
that  it  fecms  neceflary  to  foimd  the  bay 
annually,  after  they  arc  over.  In  general, 
it  is  pru<lcnt,  on  entering,  to  keep  clofer 
tot-he  point  of  Ycaque,  than  to  the  S  fide 
of  the  bay  ;  hecaule  the  fandy  point  has 
no  rocks.  The  bottom  of  the  bay  is 
muddy.  The  river  Maflacre  is,  during 
a  league  from  5  to  12  feet  deep,  and  pret~ 
ty  wide;  but  its  bed  is  often  full  of  tine 
wood  which  thecurrent  brings  down.  It 
fwarms  with  iifh ;  and  here  are  found 
thofe  enormous  mullets  which  are  the 
pride  of  the  tabic  at  Cape  Francois.  lo 
the  times  of  the  floods,  thefe  f)lb  are  driv- 
en towards  the  bay,  where  negroes,  well 
pracflifed  in  the  bufinefs,  fifli  for  them. 
Fifhing  in  the  bay  is  difficult  enough,  on 
account  of  the  drifted  wood  ;  but  the 
negroes  are  good  divers,  and  are  often  6^ 
liged  to  go  to  the  bottom  and  difengage 
the  fcine  ;  but  wlien  it  gets  near  the 
beach, it  is  a  fingularand  ftriking  fpe6lacle 
to  fee  the  negroes,  the  fi(h,  and  the  alii-! 
gator*,  all  flouncing  about  in  the  water 
together.  The  negroes  kill  the  alligators, 
knock  out  their  teeth,  and  fell  them  to 
make  corals,  the  garniture  of  which  ferves 
to  mark  the  degree  of  luxury  or  pride  of 
thofe  who  hang  them  to  the  necks  of 
their  children.  The  plenty  of  fifli  often 
attra<fls  fliips  of  war  to  this  bay.  The 
mouth  of  MafTacre  river  lies  in  N  lat.  19 
44,  W  Ion.  from  Paris  74  9. 

Manchac,  a  town  or  parifli  on  both  fides 
of  the  Miinfippi,  extending  12  miles  on 
the  river.  The  banks  of  the  river  at 
Manchae,  though  fretjucntly  ovci flowed 
by  the  vernal  inundations,  are  50  feet 
perpendicular  height  above  the  furfacc 
of  the  water  ;  and  the  river,  at  its  lowtll 
ebb,  is  not  lefs  than  40  fathoms  deep,  and 
nearly  a  mile  in  width.  The  Spaniih  for- 
trcfs  on  the  point  of  land  below  the  Ib- 
berviile,  clofe  by  the  banks  of  the  river. 


^1  AN 


MA?^ 


fcan  a  communication  with  Alanchac,  by 
a  flender,  narrow,  wooden  bridge,  acroi's 
the  channel  of  IbhervlHe,  and  not  a  bow 
fliot  from  the  habitations  of  Manchac. 
fiee  Loui^ana. 

Manchtjier^  a  poft  and  fifliing  town,  on 
tlie  fca  coafi:  between  Cape  Anne  and 
Beverly,  in  EiTck  co.  Mailachufetts.  The 
liflicry  is  carried  on  from  this  port  chiefly 
in  the  veflels,  and  for  the  account  of  tlie 
merchant*  in  Boftou,  and  S-alem.  The 
townlliip  lies  S  E  of  Wenham,  and  30 
miles  N  Eof  Boftjn.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1645,  and  contains  1082  inhabit- 
ants. 

Manchefery  a  p»ft  tovrtt  of  Vermont, 
Bennington  co.  on  Battenkill.  It  is  2Z 
miles  N  by  E  of  Bennington,  and  59  N  E 
i)f  Albany  in  N.  York.  This  townfliip 
contains  1397  inhabitants.  In  the  S  part 
of  the  town,  in  a  hill  a  little  W  of  the 
!feattenkili,  is  a  deep  ftratum  of  frial)le 
i-alcareous  earth, of  the  whitenefs  of  chalk; 
and  apparently  compol'ed  of  iliells,  which 
requires  but  little  burning  to  produce 
got)d  lime. 

M.ifichcjicr,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
Penufylvania,  has  1175  ii^iabitants.  W. 
Manciiefter  ia  this  county,  has  794  in- 
habitants. 

Mancbejier,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  S  fide  of  James  river,  oppo- 
ijte  to  Richmond,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge,  tn  1781  this  town 
futTered  much  during  Arnold^a  deftrutSkive 
expedition. 

Mancbejler,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  10 
leagues  N  W  of  Cape  Canfo.  It  contain- 
ed 250  families  in  1783. 

Mancbejler    Hoafe,    cue    of  the    ftudfon 

Bay  Company's  factories,  lies  ioamil<rs 
1\^  of  Hudfoii's  Houfe,  and  75  S  E  of 
Buckingham  Houfe.  It  ftands  on  the  S 
\V  fide  of  Saflcafliawan  river,  in  the  N  W 
part  of  N.  America.  N  lat.  53  14  i&,  W 
Ion.  109  20. 

Miinchef(£r,  a  poft  town  in  Adams  co. 
Ohio,  472  miles  from  Wafliington. 

A'luncaiay  a  place  on  the  road  from  Gua- 
yaquil to  Truxilla,  in  Peru,  on  the  lea 
coaft:.  Through  it,  during  winter,  runs  a 
rivulet  of  frefli  water,  to  the  great  relief 
of  the  mules  that  travel  this  way.  In 
fummer,  the  little  remaining  in  its  chan- 
nel is  fo  brackifh,  as  to  be  hardly  tol- 
erable. 

Mangeea,  an  iffand  of  the  S.  Seas,  vifit- 
ed  by  Captain  Cook  in  the  beginning  of 
his  laft  voyage.  The  coaft  is  guarded  by 
ai  reef  of  coral  rocks,  agaiuft  which  a  heavy 


furf  is  cOTitinually  breaking.  The  iAand 
is  about  15  miles  in  circumference.  The 
inhabitants  appear  of  a  warlike  dilpoii- 
tion.     S  lat,  21  27,  W  Ion.  158  7. 

MiittJhattan,  the  ancient  name  of  Long 
and  York  Iflands. 

Munba/tty  a  town  of  Pennfylvania,  ct5, 
ofl^ancaftcr.  It  contains  about  60  houfcs, 
and  1041  inhabitants, and aDutch  church. 
Glafs  works  were  ere(3;cd  here  previous 
to  the  revolution,  but  they  are  fallen  to 
decay.  It  is  ii  miles  N  b^  W  of  Lan- 
eafler,  and  77  W  by  N  of  Philadelphia. 
Alio  the  name  of  a  town  in  York  co- 
Pennfylvania,  having  1876  inhabitants. 

lAanlcQUJgun,  or  Blaik  River,  rifcs  from 
a  lake  of  its  name^  in  E.  Canada  ;  runs  a. 
fouthern  courfe,  and  falls  intO'  the  St. 
Lawrence,  '^5  miles  N  E  of  Tadoufac. 

Ulumel^  or  Ba'jofitco,  mountains  in  St. 
Domingo,  20  miles  in  circumference,  and 
almoft  inacctfhble.  They  have  been  for 
80  years  part  the  place  of  refuge  of  the 
fugitive  Spanifli  and  French  ^k:g^oc« 
I'hcfe  brigands  have  defied  their  purfu-*- 
crs.  Tiie  foil  of  thtTe  mountains  is  fer- 
tile, the  air  temperate,  and  the  ftrcams  in 
them  abound  with  gold  duft. 

Maiiillan^  a  townfliip  in  Fayette  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  1207  inhabitants. 

Manitcu^  or  Manitoual'iH  IflanJs,  are  a 
nuiuber  of  iflands  towards  the  N  fliore  of 
lake  Huron,  ftretching  from  the  vicinity 
of  Cabots  Head,  norlhweflerly  acrofe  the 
lake  to  Lake  George,  below  the  falls  of 
St.  Mary.  ThelJe  ijlands  are  held  facred 
by  the  Indians. 

Miinliui,  a  poft  town  in  Onondago  co, 
N.  York,  incorporated  in  1794, and  is  the 
feat  of  the  county  courts.  It  is  well  wa- 
tered by  Butternut,  LimeftonCi  and  Chit- 
tenengo  creeks,  which  unite  at  the  N  £ 
corner  of  the  town  ;  and  the  ftream,  af- 
fuming  the  latter  name,  runs  N  to  Onei- 
da lake,  which  is  10  miles  N  of  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town.  It  comprehends  that 
part  of  the  Onondago  reftrvation  bound- 
ed S  by  the  Geneflee  road,  and  \V  by 
Onondago  creek  ^nd  the  Salt  lake.  It  ha* 
989  inhabitants. 

Mantnie,  Indian  villages  on  the  Pica- 
way  fork  of  the  Manmic,  or  Miami  of  the 
lake,  and  St.  Mary's  river.       See  Miami. 

Mannin^tony  a  town  in  Salem  co.  N^ 
Jerley. 

Manor,  a  townfTiip  in  Lancafter  ca 
Pennfylvania,  having  1804  inhabitants. 

Manfcocy  a  fait  lick  in  Georgia,  S  of  the 
Mufcle  flioals,  in  the  Tenefl'ee  River,  re- 
naarkablc  for  the  Mammoth  bones  found 

here* 


Man 


MAR 


here.  It  is  faid  they  were  fufficient  to 
load  'd  flirp.  "Thisovcr'hrows,"  fays  Scott, 
«'  the  theory  of  Mr.  JclFcrfon."  "He  fup- 
pofes  thefe  bones  are  never  tuund  further 
S  than  lat.  36  |  N."  Manfcoe  is  about 
a  degrees  further  S- 

Mirfd,  an  ifland  in  the  N  E  part  of 
Hadfou's  bay,  between  Southampton  ifl- 
and  and  the  coafl:  of  Labrador,     N  lat. 

MansJidJ,  A  townfhip  in  SiifTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  containing  in  1790,  148a  inhablt- 
:tnts.  It  is  on  Mufconecunk  river,  about 
7  miles  S  E  of  Oxford,  and  as  far  N  of 
Greenwicli. 

M:2nsJie!Jy  a  townfliip  in  Briftol  co. 
MafTachufetts,  29  miles  foutherly  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  inccrporated  in  177OJ  and 
contains  1016  inhabitants. 

■  Mansfsld,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden 
CO.  Vermont,  between  I.a  Moiilc  and  On- 
ion rivers,  about  7  miles  diilance  from 
each,  and  113  miles  N  by  E  of  Benning- 
ton. In  this  town  rifes  a  lofty  mountain, 
called  Mansfield  mountain.  It  liae  only 
12  inhabitants. 

Mjni^eU,  a  townfliip  in  Burlington  co. 
K.  Jerfey,  on  the  S  fide  of  Black's  creek, 
confiding  of  19,000  acres,  of  an  excellent 
foil,  noted  for  its  fine  paftures  and  large 
dairie.9.  It  is  8  miles  W  by  N  of  Burling- 
ton, and  12  S  by  E  of  Trenton.  The  in- 
habitants are  moftly  Friends.  ^ 

Mansfield,  a  towniliip  in  Windham  co. 
Conneaicut,  about  30  miies  N  of  New 
I^ondon,  and  as  far  E  of  Harrford.  In- 
habitants 2560. 

Mania,  a  bay  of  Guayaquil,  in  S.  A- 
merica,  formerly  famous  for  a  confidcra- 
l)Ie  pearl  fifliery  ;  but  it  has  been  totally 
difcontlnued  for  feme  years.  There  is 
aifo  a  point  of  this  name  on  the  coafl 
near  it.  The  bay  has  its  name  from  the 
great  numbers  of  large  fifli,  called  mantas, 
the  catching  of  which  is  the  common 
employment  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
method  of  carrying  on  this  filhery  is  as 
follows  ;  they  throw  into  the  water  a  log 
of  wood,  about  18  feet  long,  and  near  a 
foot  in  diameter  ;  on  one  end  they  place 
their  net,  and  on  the  other  an  Indian 
(lands  in  an  cre(5l  pofition,  and  with  a  fm- 
gle  oar  rows  his  tottering  bark  to  the  dif- 
t'ance  of  half  a  league  from  the  fliore, 
where  he  fhoots  his  net  ;  another  Indian 
follows  on  a  fimihr  log,  takes  hold  of  the 
rope  fadened  to  one  end  of  the  net,  and 
when  fully  extended,  they  both  make  to- 
wards the  land,  hauling  the  net  after 
them.     It  is  aftonifliing  to  obfcrve  with 


.  yvn^t  agility  the  Indians  maintain  an  equi- 
librium on  thefe  round  logs,  not  witluland- 
ing  the  continual  agitations  of  the  fea, 
and  their  being  obliged  to  mind  the  oar 
and  the  net  at  the  fam^-  timr.  They  arc 
indeed  excellent  fwimmers  ;  fo  that  if 
they  flip  off  they  are  immediately  on 
the  log  again,  and  in  their  former  pofitmn. 

Mjpleton,  a  name  given  to  3  pleafant 
range  of  cTcellent  farms,  3  miles  E  of 
Princeton,  N.  Jerfey. 

Maquoit,  a  bay  of  £hoal  waters  in  Cafco 
Bay,  Maine,  about  20  miles  N  of  Cape 
Elizabeth,  frequently  mentioned  in  the 
hi  (lory  of  Maine  ;  where  the  Indians 
were  ufcd  to  land  with  their  canoes,  and 
from  thence  carry  them  to  Pejepfcot  Falls ^ 
on  Androfcoggin  river.  This  was  done 
with  the  toil  of  only  4  hours  walk.  Front 
thefe  falls  they  went  down  into  Kenne- 
beck  river ;  and  from  thence  continued 
their  route  up  that  river  to  WeiTerunfett, 
and  thei^cs  over  to  St.  Lav.-rence  ;  or 
turned  and  went  down  through  Mon- 
feag  bay,  towards  Penobfcot  ;  or  from 
the  falls  they  continued  their  progrefs  up 
Androfcoggin  river,  beyond  llie  White 
Mountains,  and  over  to  CcnnedHcut  riv- 
er, and  from  thence  to  Lake  Mcmphre- 
magog,  and  down  to  the  limits  of  Canada. 

Maracaihoy  Mrraca^bo,  or  Maracaya,  a 
j  fmall  but  rich  city  of  Venezuela,  a  prov- 
[  ince  of  Terra  Firma  iu  S.  America,  on 
the  W  bank  of  the  lake  of  the  fame  name, 
about  18  miles  from  its  mouth  and  73  S 
W  of  Coro.  It  is  well  built,  has  feverat 
ftitely  houfes,  very  regular  and  adorned 
with  balconies,  from  which  there  is  a 
profpecfl  of  the  lake,  which  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  fea.  Kere  are  about  4000 
inhabitants,  of  whom  800  are  able  to 
bear  arms.  It  has  a  governor  fubordi- 
nate  to  the  governor  of  Terra  Firma. 
Here  is  a  large  parochial  church,  an  hof- 
pital,  and  4  convents.  Veflels  frona  25 
to  30  tons  frequent  this  port,  wich  man- 
ufactures and  merchandife  from  the 
places  near  the  lake,  which  are  after- 
wards put  on  board  Spanilli  fhips  that 
com.e  hither  to  buy  them  Ships  are 
built  at  Maracaibo,  which  trade  all  over 
America,  and  even  into  Spain,  this  place 
being  very  commodious  for  lliip  build- 
ing. It  lies  338  miles  E  of  Rio  de  Ja 
Hacha.     N  lat.  10  51,  W  Ion.  70  15. 

Maracaibo  Lake,  or  rather  Gulf,  a  large 
colletStion  of  waters,  on  which  the  town 
above  mentioned  isfituatcd.  It  is  nearly 
2o8  miles  long,  and  in  fome  parts,  50  i» 
breadth,  running  from  S  to  N,  and  emp- 
tying 


MAR 


MAR 


■  tyin<T  itfelf  into  the  N.  Sea  ;  the  entrance 
of  which  is  well  defended  by  flrong  forts  ; 
but  Sir  Henry  Morgan  pafled  by  them, 
pUindeied  feveral  Sp,;aini  towna  on  tlie 
coafl,  and  defeated  a  fquadron  which  had 
been  fent  to  intercept  him.  As  the  tide 
flows  into  the  iake,  its  water  is  Ibmewhat 
brackifli,  notwithftanding  the  many  riv- 
ers it  receives.  It  abounds  with  all  forts 
of  fifli.  fome  of  which  are  very  large. 
By  the  navigation  of  this  lake,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Venezuela  carry  on  a  trade  with  i 
thofe  of  New  Granada.  The  lake  be- 
comes narrower  towards  the  middle, 
where  the  town  is  erei5ted. 

Miiragmn.      See  Ri'-jer  of  Amazons. 

Maragnon^  or  Mar  anon,  ov  Mdrignon,\\iQ 
name  of  a  northern  captainPaip  of  Bra- 
zil.    Chief  town,  St.  Louis. 

Maraukio,  a  fmail  ifland  at  t!ie  mouth  _. 
of  the  noted  rivers  Maracu,  Topocoru,  i 
and  Mony,  on  the  N  lide  of  the  province  i! 
of  Maranon  in  Brazil.  The  ifland  is  ob-  |' 
long,  45  miles  in  circuit,  very  ff-rtiie,  and  (1 
well  inhabited.  The  French,  who  feized  |j 
on  it  in  i6ia,  built  a  town  here,  called  St. 
Louis  de  Maragnan  ;  but  it  is  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  Portuguefe,  and  is  a  bifhop's 
fee.  It  is  very  ftron«^,  and  has  a  ftout 
caftle  built  on  a  r«ck,  towards  the  fea, 
Avhich  commands  a  very  convenient  har- 
bour. The  ifiand  itfelf  is  very  difiicult 
of  accefs,  by  rcafon  of  the  rapidity  of  the 
three  rivers  which  form  it  ;  fo  that  vef- 
fcls  muft  wait  for  proper  winds  and  fea- 
fons  to  vifit  it.  Behde  the  town  men- 
tioned here,  are  two  fmaller  ones,  viz.  St. 
Andcro,  on  the  moft  northern  point,  and 
St.  J.igo  onthe  fouthern.  'i  he  natives  have 
about  i7  hamlets,  each  conCiiing  of  four 
large  huts,  forming  a  fquare  in  the  mid- 
dle ;  all  being  built  of  large  timber,  and 
covered  from  top  to  bottom  with  leaves  : 
fo  that  each  may  contain  a  or  300  perfons. 
The  inhabitants  are  ftrong  and  healthy, 
and  live  to  a  great  age  ;  bows  and  arrows 
are  their  only  weapons,  Avith  which  they 
are  very  dextrous;  but  they  are  fierce 
and  cruel,  efpecially  to  their  enemies. 
The  continent,  3  or  4  leagi.cs  from  the 
ifland,  is  inhsbittd  by  the  Tapouytapnrc, 
and  Tonpinambois  nations,  who  are  wild 
and  fierce,  and  divided  into  15  or  20  fach 
hamlets,  as  hav-e  been  dcfcribcd  aljovc. 
Contiguous  to  thefe  are  the  territories  of 
Cuma  and  Gayeta,  inhabited  by  nearly 
the  fame  fort  of  people.  The  c;  pita), 
Maragnan,  has  a  harbour  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  St.  Mary,  on  the  Atlantic 
ocean  ;  495  miles  north  weft  0/  Cape 
Vol.  r.  Qq  1 


St.  Roque.     S.  ^lat.  a  27,  W  Ion.  44  36. 

I.Iarblnhead,  a  port  of  entry  and  polt 
town  in  Effex  co.  MafTacuufetts,  4  miles 
S  E  of  Salem,  19  N  E  oiBoilon  ;  contain- 
ing I  Epiicopai  and  a  vJ oagregational 
churches,  and  521 1  inhabitants.  The 
harbour  lies  in  front  of  the  town  S  E,  ex- 
tending from  S  W  to  N  E,  about  a  mile 
and  a  half  in  length,  and  halfa  mile  broad. 
It  is  formed  by  Marblehead  neck  on  the 
S  and  E,  and  is  protedled  by  a  fea  wall, 
which,  before  its  late  repairs,  was  in  im- 
minent danger  of  giving  way  to  the  great 
detriment,  if  not  ruiu  of  t!ie  port.  A 
battery  and  citadel  were  erecbcd  hereia 
1795,  for  the  defence  of  the  place,  by  or- 
der of  Congrefs.  The  bank  nfhery  em- 
ploys the  prmcipal  attention  of  the  in- 
habitants, and  more  is  done  of  this  l)uri- 
neis,  in  this  place,  than  in  any  other  ia 
the  (late.  7'he  exports  of  the  year  1794, 
amounted  to  184,532  dollars.  Marb'c- 
hcad  was  incorporated  in  1649,  ^^^  ^i^"* 
in  N  lat.  42  30,  W  Ion.  69  49. 

Marhldoiv7ty  a  townfliip  in  Uifter  ,co. 
N.  York,  on  the  W  lide  of  Hudfon  river, 
N  W  of  Paltz,  adjoining.  it  contain* 
2847  inhabitants. 

Marc,  St.     See  MarL 

Marcellus,  a  military  and  pofl:  town  ia 
Onondago  co.  N.  York,  fituat-^  i  .^11  8.>van- 
eatetes  lake,  11  mites  V/  of  Onondago 
Caftle.  Marc  alius  was  ;acorporated  in 
1794.     It  has  909  inhabitants. 

Marcus  Hook,  in  Chcfter  co.  Pennfvlva- 
nia,  on  the  W  lide  of  Delaware  river,  20 
miles  below  Philadelpuia.  It.  contains 
about  30  families.  Here  are  two  rows  of 
piers,  or  long  viharves,  to  defend  vefTels 
from  the  driving  of  ice  in  winter. 

Marechaux,  Cape,  forms  the  N  E  fide  of 
the  bay  of  Jaemel,  in  St.  Domingo.  N 
lat.  18  18. 

Marcch-tes  /;"i^''dr/,\f,  inhab-it  the  banks  of 
the  river  St.  John,  and  around  Pall'ama- 
qucddy  bay.  They  have  about  140  fight- 
ing men. 

MarequHa,  a  city  of  New  Granada,  Ter- 
ra Firma,  S.  America. 

Margallatvay,  a  river  which  rifes  in 
Maine,  and  crofles  the  N.  Hampfliire  line 
between  Lake  Umbagog  and  a  mountain 
on  the  N,  and  runs  S  W  to  Amariicog^in 
river.     Its  mouth  is  10  rods  wide. 

Margaret's  Bay,  St.  a  port  on  the  S  coaffc 
of  Nova  Scotia,  between  Frofpect  Hai- 
bour  and  Mahoi;e  bay  ;  from  which  laft 
it  is  feparatcd  by  a  promontory,  on  whicli 
is  the  high  land  of  Afpotagoen. 

Margaretta,  or  Santa  Margaretia  de  lut 
Caraccas 


iVfAR 


MAR 


Saracat.t,  an  i.l.ind  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  A- 
jnerica,  ;"rom  which  it  is  parted  by  a  ftralt 
24  mile;;  wide  ;  63  miles  W  of  Paria,  or 
New  Andaliifia.  Colambus  difcovered 
it  in  his  third  voyage,  in  1498.  It  is  40 
miles  in  length  and  24  in  breadth  ;  and, 
being  always  verdant,  affords  a  moft  a- 
greeable  profpe^fl.  It  abounds  in  paf- 
ture,  maize  and  fruit  ;  but  there  is  a 
fcarcity  of  wood  and  water.  There  was 
once  a  pearl  fiiliety  on  its  coaft,  which 
produced  one.  ptarl,  the  fineft  ever  I'een, 
valued  at  ;^25,ooD  ftcrling,  bought  by  the 
king  of  Spain.  The  inhaliitants  are  a 
mixture  of  Indians  and  Spaniards,  who 
are  lazy  and  fuperftitious.  Hers  are 
feveral  forts  of  animals,  particularly  wild 
hogs,  with  filli  and  fowl.  N  hit.  11  46, 
W  Ion  64  I  a. 

Margaret's  I/I<t;i:fs,  in  tliC  N.  Pacific 
ocean,  were  diJcovered  by  Cspt.  James 
Magee,  in  the  lliip  Margaret,  of  Bofton, 
in  his  voyage  from  Kamfcbatka  in  1780. 
Their  latitude  is  24  40  N  Ion.  141  12  E. 

MjrgarettfviHe,  a  village  in  Wafhing- 
ton  CO.  Maryland,  about  10  miles  S  by  E 
«f  E'"!:5abtth  Town,  and  6  N  E  of  Wil- 
liau's  Port. 

Margat,  the  river  and  heights  of  Mar- 
j!ot  are  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Miflifippi. 
The  river  has  a  weftcrly  courfe,  and  is 
faid  to  be  navignble  for  b.sttcaux  a  num- 
ber of  miles.  The  gro\ind  below  its  junc- 
tion with  tlic  MilTifippi,  in  lat.  35  i8  N, 
affords  a  commanding,  airy,  plcafant,  and 
cxtenflve  fituation  for  fettlemcnts  ;  the- 
foil  is  remarkably  fertile.  About  3  miie* 
below  this,  the  French  built  Aflumption 
Fort  in  1736,  (afterwards  called  Prudhone 
Fort,)  when  at  war  with  the  Chickafaws, 
but  the  year  after  it  was  dcmoliibcd,  when 
9  p  -ace  was  conciuded. 

Murgot  Port,  a  rriaritime  village  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  i'land  of  Sr.  Domingo,  in  19 
48  N  Jnt.  9    leagues  Vv*"  of  Cape  Francois. 

Mrtrta,  Cipi;  Sirnta,\i,  the  N  cape  at  the 
mouth  of  La  Plata  river,  in  S.  America  ; 
•9  leagues  from  the  bay  of  Maldonade, 
and  ao  from  Motittbidr.o,  a  bay  fb  called 
from  a  mountain  wliich  overlooks  it. 

Miiria  Siintti,  fi  town  of  the  audience  of 
Panama,  in  S  America.  It  was  built  by 
tlie  Spimiardfl  foon  after  thty  difcovered 
the  gold  mines  in  xvi  neighbourhood.  N 
lat.  7  4^,  "VVlon.  78  12. 

Marrav;ilant;',  one  of  the  Caribbee  Ifl- 
ands  in  the  Atlantic  ocean  ;  fo  called  frr)m 
the  fli  p's  name  in  wliich  Columbus  dif- 
cove'^^*^  it»  in  1493.  It  is  of  an  eliptical 
figurC;  4i  leagues  from  N  to  S,  and  3  from 


5  to  W.  It  lies  5  or  6  leagues  S  eaderiy' 
of  Guadaloupe,  above  half  its  lurface  is 
barren  mountains.  There  are  only  two 
pariilies,  the  principal  at  the  S  def'ended 
by  a  fort  called  Baifeterre.  It  is  indif- 
ferently watered,  but  produces  Soopoolb, 
of  coffee,  lOOjOoolb.  cotton,  and  1,000,000 
lb.  of  f'ugar.  The  French  planted  a  colo- 
ny here  in  1648.  It  was  tak,en  by  the 
EngHfh  in  1692,  but  the  French  foon  fet- 
tled there  again,  and  flilL  .pofiefs  it.  N. 
lat.  15  S5i  Wlon.  61  6. 

Miirianna.,  was  the  jjame  given  to  the 
diflridt  granted  by  the  Plymouth  Council 
to  Captain  John  Mafon  in  1621.  It  ex- 
tended froni  the  river  Naumkeag,  now  Sa- 
lem, round  Cape  Ann,  to  Merrimack  riv- 
er, and  from  the  fea  to  the  heads  of  thefs 
rivers,  with  the  iflands  lying  within  3 
miles  of  the  coaft. 

Marie,  Cape  Bcum,  the  W  point  of  the " 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  which,  with  Cape 
St.  Nicholas,  forms  the  entrance  of  the 
bay  of  I^eogane.  N  lat.  18  38,  W  Ion. 
from  Paris  76  51.  The  town  of  this 
name,  fituated  on  the  cape,  is  on  the  N  W 
part  of  the  S  peninfula ;  8  leagues  W  of 
Jeremie,  and  to  W  of  Port  au  Prince. 
The  towns  and  villages,  along  the  N  coafb 
of  the  peninfula,  and  in  theb.^y  or  bite  of 
Leogane,  between  the  cape  and  Port  au 
Prince,  are  Pv.tit  Trou,  Anfe  a  Veau,  Mar- 
agoane,  Petite  Goave,  Grand  Goave,  &c. 

Marie^  Straits  of,  conne(ft  Lakes  Superi- 
or and  Huron,  which  will  permit  boats 
to  pafs,  but  not  larger  velTeis.  N'^ar  the; 
upper  eaa  of  thefe  uraits,  which  are 
40  miles  long,  is  a  rapid,  which  (though 
it  is  impoilible  for  canoes  to  afcend)  may 
be  navigated  by  boats  without  danger, 
v/hen  conducted  by  able  pilot^^  The 
ftraits  afford  one  of  the  nioft  pleaiing. 
proipccts  in  the  world  :  on  the  left,  lead- 


mg  to   laKe  superior,  may 


be  fe( 


any 


beautiful  little  iilands  that  extend  a  con- 
fiaerable  way  before  you ;  and  on  the 
right  an  agreeable  fucceflion  of  fmall 
points  of  land,  which  projedl  a  httle  way 
iato  the  water,  and  contribute  with  the 
iilands  to  render  it  delightful. 

Mariel,  Fort,  a  harbour  on  the  N  fide  of 
Cuba,  which  will  admit  frigates  of  30  guns. 

Marietta,  a  handibme  pofl  town  in  the 
ftate  of  Ohio,  fituated  on  the  Ohio,  jufl 
above  the  moutli  of  the  Mufkingum, 
The  Cafnpus  Martius  in  this  town  is 
an  elevated  public  fquare,  founded 
by  the  Ohio  Company,  in  the  year 
1788.  The  fortification  is  all  of  hewn 
timber,    and    for  appearance,    conven- 

jeirce, 


yiA'tr 


MAR 


innce,  and  defence,  of  fuperior  excellence. 
It  Is  more  than  30  feet  above  the  high 
banks  of  the  Mulkingum,  and  only  159 
yards  diftant  from  that  river,  with  a  beau- 
tiful natural  glacis  in  front.  The  water 
of  the  Ohio,  has  fometinies  rlfen  to  fuch 
height  as  to  inundate  the  lower  part  of 
the  town.  The  town  confifts  of  1,000 
hoiife  lots  of  90  by  180  feet ;  the  fpticious 
flrcets  interfecb  each  other  at  right  an- 
gles, and  there  are  neccflary  fquares  re- 
fcrved  for  ufe,  pleafure  and  ornament.  It 
is  19n1ii.es  above  Lei  Pre,  86  S  W  of 
WheeHng,  146  S  W  of  Pittlburg,  240  N  E 
of  Lexington  in  Kentucky,  and  460  W  by 
S  of  Philadelphia.  Lat.  39  ^4  21,  N  Ion. 
82  9  W. 

Miirlon^  a  difl:ri<fl  of  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 6914  inhabitants,  of  whom  %1S5 
Site  Haves. 

Markbam  Toivnfcip^  In  the  E  riding  of 
the  CO.  of  York,  U.  Canada,  fronts  Yonge- 
flreet,  and  lies  to  the  N  of  York  and  Scar- 
borough. Here  are  good  mills,  and  a 
thriving  fettlement  of  Germans.       Smyth. 

Mar/.'\-,  St.  a  town  of  E.  Florida,  at  the 
head  of  the  bayof  Apalachy  ;  180  miles 
Wof  St.  Auguftine,  and  105  from  the  Al- 
achua Savannah.  N  lat.  30  i2,Wlon.  85  45. 
.  Mark,  S.t.  a  jurifdictlon  in  the  W  part 
of  the  illand  of  St.  Domingo,  conta-ning 
4parillies.  Its  exports,  iuipped  from  the 
town  of  its  name,  from  Jan.  i,  1789,  to 
Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  v/ere  3,065,047 
ib.  white  fugar,  7,931,7101b.  brown  I'ugar, 
7,041,8521b.  coffee,  3,250,8901b.  cotton, 
3,49  8191b.  indigo,  and -\'arious  articles  to 
the  value  of  2,250 ^  livres :  the  total  vrlue 
of  duties  on  exportation   116,974  dollars 

4  cents.  The  town  of  St.  Mark  lies  at 
the  head  of  a  bay  of  its  name,  which  is 
at  the  head  of  the  Bay  or  Bite  ofLeogane. 
The  bay  's  formed  by  Cape  St.  Mark  on 
the  S,  and  Morne  au  Diable  on  the  N. 
This  town,  although  fmall,  is  reckoned 
the  pleafanteO:  in  the  illand.  Its  com- 
merce is  coniiderable.  !t  owes  a  great 
deal  of  its  er„belliihmcnfs  to  the  attention 
of  M.  de  JMarbois,  during  his  admlniftra- 
tion.  It  is  22  leagues  Wof  Hinche,  19^  N 
W  of  Port  au  Prince,  14  3  by  W  of  Les 
Cjonalvcs,  30  S  of  Port  de  Paix,  and  26-| 

5  W  of  Cape  Francois.  N  lat.  19  5,  W 
Ion.  75  10. 

MarJboroHvh  To'U'nJJrp,  in  Grenville  CO. 
U.  Canada,  lies  N  of  Oxford,  and  is  water- 
ed by  the  Radeau. 

Marlborough,  a  diflrict  on  the  Great 
Pedee  river,  S.  Carolina,  25  miles  long, 
and  19  broad.     See  S.  Carolma, 


MarlhoroiighyNeiVjZ  townfliip  in  Berk- 
ililre  CO.  Mallachufetts,  on  the  Connecti- 
cut line,  containing  I048  inhabitants. 
It  was  incorpoiatea  in  1759,  and  15135 
miles  W  of  l>oftc;n. 

Marlbcrough^  a  poft  town,  ancient  and 
wealthy,  in  Middiefex  co.  Mafiachuictts 
(the  Oko7nmakamcfit  of  the  Indians)  was  in- 
corporated Jn  1660,  and  contains  1735  in- 
habitants. It  is  28  mile;^  W  of  Eofttn.  A 
mode  of  manufa&uring  Spanilli  brown; 
from  a  kind  of  earth  <>r  loam,  faid  to  re- 
femble  bed  ore,  tliough  not  inipregnated 
with  particles  of  iron,  has  lately  been  dif- 
covercd  in  this  town  by  an  ingeniou*  gen- 
tleman. He  conftrucrcd  an  air  furnace, 
at  a  trivial  expenfc ;  and  in  the  year 
1794,  could  calcine  and  prepare  for'  the 
mill  a  ton  in  24  l.ouis,  6  days  in  fucccilion,  • 
without  great  expenle  oi  wood.  Connoii- 
feurs  in  paints  acknowledge  it  is  good. 
His  firil  attempts  in  making  ipruce  yellow 
were  likewiie  Mattering. 

Mc.rlborough,'AY'^t^^  town  In  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  having  Newfane  on  the  N, 
and  Brattlel;orouj^h  E.  It  contained  in 
179c,  629  inhabitants.      ■ 

Marlboroi'M},  a  poft  town  in  Chcfliire  co. 
N.  Hamprnire,  6  miles  from  Kcene,  20  N 
of  Wiacheadop,  and  26  from  Afuburn- 
ham  in  MaiTachufotts.  It  wao  incornor- 
at(d  in  1776,  and  contains  1185  inhabit- 
ants. 

Marlhvrcvgh,  Nsiv,  a  tov/nlliip  in  TJuler 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  W  fide  of  Kudlon's 
river,  N  of  Newburgh,  oppofiie  Fcugh- 
keepie.     It  contains  1B48  inhabitants, 

M-arlborcqh,  the  name  of  three  tov/n- 
fliips  in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in.Mcnt- 
gomt  ry  co.  and.  E.  and  W.  Mariborcugix 
in  Chclter  co. 

Marlborough^  Loiver,  a  town  of  Mary- 
land, in  Calvert  co.  on  the  E  fide  of 
P-atuxent  river,  24  miles  S  E  ofWalhino- 
ton.  It  contains  about  60  houfes,  and  a 
warehouft;  for  the  inipetllion  of  tobaccov; 
The  river  is  navigable  ioriliipsof  burthen 
for  fome  miles  above  the  tov/n. 

Marlborough,  Upper,  the  chief  town  of 
Prince  George's  co.  Maryland.  It  is  on 
the  S  W  fide  of  Hatavilic,  one  of  \he  two 
principal  branches  of  Patuxent  river.  It 
contains  about  120  houfes,  a  court 
houfe,  and  a  v/arehoufe  for  the  inipec- 
tion  of  tobacco.  It  is  47  miles  S  S  W 
of  Baltimore,  and  about  15  E  of  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Marhnv,  a  town  in  Chefliire,  co,  N. 
Hamplkire,  has  543  inhabitants. 

Murmofcts,  a  harbour  ia  the  i/land  of  Sti 
Domii  go", 


MAH 


MAR 


Domirigo,  which  may  receive  merchant- 
Hien,  but  the  eqtrance  of  it  is  i-t'iideri.d 
difficuU  by  the  breakers.  It  lies;  between 
Cape  Rou£>-  and  Grand  Port  Berhagr.c. 

Itlarquesy  a  capc  on  tUc  coaft:  of  Old 
Mexico,  '"n  the  S.  Sea. 

Marqw^fas.  Thefe  iflands  arc  5  in 
number,  viz.  La  Ma^dalena,  St.  Pedro, 
La Uominka,  Santa  Chriftina,  and  Hoods 
Wand,  fituated  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
between  'he  lacjtude  of  9  26  and  10  25  S  ; 
and  between  the  longitude  of  138  47  and 
139  13  W.  Tiiey  were  firft  difcovered 
by  Mendana  and  Qjiros,in  1595  ;  and  in 
1774,  Capt.  Cooic  afccrtaincd  thc-r  iitua- 
tion  more  particularly,  which  before  was 
diiTercntin  differen':  charts.  La  Don-iini- 
ca,  the  largcft, is  about  10  leagues  ii  cir- 
cuit, in  lat.  9  44  S.  Hood's  Ifland  was 
difcovered  by  Capt.  Cook  in  1774.'  The 
inhabitants,  taken  coIlecSlively,  are,  with- 
out exception,  the  finefl  race  of  people  in 
thefe  feas  ;  and  for  good  iliapes  and  reg- 
ular features  they  perhaps  furpafs  ail 
nations.  They  are  thought  to  be  of  the 
fame  origin  as  thofe  of  Ofiheite  and  of 
the  Society  Iflands.  They  have  hogs, 
fowls,  plantains  and  other  vegetables  and 
roots  ;  likewife  a  few  bread  fruit  and 
cocoa  trees.  N  N  W  of  thefe  ifiands,  from 
35  to  50  leagues  diftant,  are  the  7  iiics 
called  Ingrahatns  JJles  :   which  fee. 

Murroivyncy  a  rivcr  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
in  S.  America. 

M<irjh  Creek,  runs  foutherly  through 
Maiden  Townfliip,  U.  Canada,  and  emp- 
ties into  lake  Erie,  having  at  times  4^  feet 
water  on  its  bar.  Smyth. 

MaijVs  Iftuiid,  called  Marjh's  Great  IJl- 
^nJ,  the  largeft  of  a  group  of  13  Hlands 
at  the  great  Falls  in  Penobfcot  River, 
which  are  on  the  K  hdc  of  this  iHand. 
This  group  are  all  within  about  7  miles, 
and  confill  of  Maifli's  liland  about  5 
Hiiles  long  and  near  ^\  wide,  eftimated  to 
contain  about  5000  acres.  Oifon  Ifland 
TCOO  acres,  Old  Town  200  acres,  Orono's 
Tiland  ico  acres  ;  the  other  9  arc  of  a 
If  fler  hzc.  Round  this  Ifland  arc  5  falls, 
rtne  of  which  is  diflrnguiihed  by  the 
jiame  of  "  the  preat  Falls"  Or  '*  Old  Town 
ialls."     See  Old  toivn. 

MarJbaUfvilU,  in  Muhlenburg  co.  Vir- 
ginia. Here  is  a  poft  office,  258  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

.  Mar/h/ield,:\\)o(i  town  in  Plymouth  CO. 
MaHacluifetts,  bounded  S  by  Duxbor- 
ough,  and  36  miles  S  E  of  Bofton.  It  was 
jncoiporated  in  1640,  axid  contains  iz60 
iuhabitant!. 


Marfifieldy  a  townfliip  is  Caledonia  co. 
Vermont  ,  adjoining  to  Calais  on  the  N 
V/  and  Peachum  N  £.  It  has  17c  inhab- 
itants. 

Marfcpce,  by  feveral  writers  called 
Mi'.ppee,-AU  anrient  Indian  town  in  Barn- 
flable  CO.  Maff^chufetts,  containing  155 
inhabitants.  Tlicre  is  flill  an  Indian 
church  heie,  but  not  more  than  40  or  .50 
per  Tons  are  pure  Indians.  They  have 
<^reatly  decreafed  lince  1693,  when  there 
were  2,14  adults,  belide  ftragglers  in  the 
plantation  and  pla~es  adjacent;  under 
the  care  of  Mr.  Rowland  Cotton,  minif- 
ter  of  Sandwich.  The  remains  of  the  In- 
dians here,  are  under  the  paftoral  care  of 
the  Rev.  Mr,  Hawlcy. 

Marfiy  Hope,  the  N  W  branch  of  Nan- 
ticoke  river  in  Maryland. 

Martha  Brae,  a  fmall  to u'n,  having  a 
harbour,  7  leagues  W  of  Montego  Point. 
It  is  frequented  only  by  fuch  velTcis  as 
are  particularly  deftined  for  this  place. 
There  is  a  bar  wit ii  16  or  17  feet  water  in 
going  in  ;  and  the  paflage  in  coming  out 
between  the  Triangle  Rocks  is  uot  more 
than  60  feet  wide  with  6-§  or  7  fathoms 
water.     See  ralmoutb. 

JMarlha  Ri'ver^  St.      See  Ma^dalena. 

Xvlurtha,  St.  a  province  of  Terra  Pirma, 
in  S.  America  ;  bounded  N  by  the  N. 
Sea  ;  E  by  Rio  de  la  Kacha  ;  S  by  New- 
Granada,  and  W  by  the  territory  of  Car- 
tliagena.  The  air  is  colder  here  and  more 
pure  than  in  the  adjoining  countries. 
The  vallies  are  fertile,  and  produce  maize, 
with  t)ther  grains  and  fruits,  efpecially, 
oranges,  lemons,  pine  apples,  grapes,  &c. 
alfo  indigo,  and  cochineal,  and  iome  woods 
for  dying.  The  mountains  which  are 
known  to  tailors  by  tl-e  name  of  the  Snowy 
mountains  of  St.  Martha,  produce  gold 
emeralds,  fapphires,  chalcedonies,  jafper, 
and  curious  marble.  On  the  coafls,  where 
fmuggling  is  carried  on,  are  fait  works, 
and  two  pearl  fifiieries.  It  is  about  300 
miles  in  length,  and  doo  in  breadth,  is  a 
mountainous  country,  and  in  genaral 
reckoned  the  highefl  in  this  part  of  the 
world. 

Martha,  St.  a  city  in  the  province  laft 
mentioned,  with  a  harbour  on  the  N.  Sea, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Guayra  :  about  124 
miles  N  E  of  Cartiiagena.  It  is  the  refi- 
dence  of  a  governor  and  bifliop.  The 
houfes  are  built  with  canes,  and  are  very 
neat.  Its  harbour  is  large,  convenient,  and 
fafe,andthe  environs  agreeableand  fertile. 
At  prefcnt  contains  about  3000  inhabit- 
ants, who  carry  ou  aa  exteafive  rich  trade, 

aad 


MAR 


MAR 


and  make  great  quantitiesof  cottons,  (lufFs, 
&c.  with  earthen  v/are,  which  is  much 
eiteemed.  ft  has  a  vahiable  pearl  fifliery, 
in  which  great  numbers  of  llaves  are  em- 
ployed, whofe  dexterity  in  divin^;  for  the 
oyliers  is  very  extraordinary  ;  fome  of 
whom  will  remain  for  a  quarl er  of  an  hour 
under  water,  and  will  rife  with  a  baiket 
full.     N  lat.  ii.a6,  Wlon.  73  £(). 

Marthas  Vineyard,  an  ifland  belonging 
to  Duke's  CO.  MafTachufetts,  called  by  the 
Indians  Nope, or  CapatvacL,  is  fituatcd  be- 
tween 40  17,  ?.nd  41  29  N  lat.  and  be- 
tween 70  %%  and  70  50  W  Ion.  about  21 
miles  long  and  6  broad,  and  lies  a  little 
to  the  W  of  Nantucket.  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Chabaquiddick,  Noman's  Ifland,  and 
the  Elizabeth  Iflands,  which  contain  a- 
bout  16,500  acres  of  valuable  land,  coji- 
ftltute  Duke's  county,  containing  3,ii8 
Vt^hite  inhabitants,  and  between  400  and 
500  Indians  and  mulattoes  ;  who  fubfifl: 
by  agriculture  and  filliing.  Cattle  and 
fneep  are  raifed  here  in  great  mmi'oers  ; 
and  rye,  ecru  and  oats  are  the  chief  prod- 
uce of  the  ifland.  Wiiite  pipe  clay 
and  yellow  and  red  ochre  are  found  in 
Martha's  Vineyard.  The  ravages  of 
war  were  feverety  felt  in  this  induftrious 
fpot.  In  September,  1778,  the  Britllli 
made  a  requiiition  of  their  militia  arms, 
300  oxen,  and  2000  ilieep,  which  were 
delivered  up.       See  Gay  Haid. 

Mjrtici:,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  1248  inhabitants. 

Mai-tin,  a  county  of  Halifax  diftricSt,  N. 
Carolina,  adjoining  Tyrrel,  Halifax,  Ber- 
tie, and  Pitt  counties.  It  contains  5312 
inliabitants,  of  whom  1646  are  llaves. 

Martin,  Cape  St.  on  the  coafl  of  N 
Spain  on  the  N.  Sea. 

Martin's,  St.  one  of  the  northernmofl  of 
the  Caribbee  il^ands  ;  iituated  in  the  At- 
lantic ocean,  between  Anguiila  N,  from 
■whence  it  is  diflant  a  league  and  a  half 
and  St.  Bartholomew  S  E,  15  miles.  It 
is  about  15  leagues  in  circumference,  with 
commodious  bays  and  roads  on  the  N  W 
fide.  Here  are  good  fait  pits,  and  lakes 
of  fait  water,  which  run  a  great  v/ay  with- 
in the  land ;  but  has  no  frefii  water  but 
what  falls  from  the  clouds,  and  is  faved 
by  the  inhabitants  in  cifterns.  The  fait 
lakes  abound  in  good  iilli,  particularly 
turtle  ;  and  the  fait  water  pt)ols  are  fre- 
quented by  vafl:  numbers  of  birds-  In 
the  woods  are  wild  hogs,  turtle  doves,  and 
parrots  innumerable.  Here  are  feveral 
trees  producing  gums  ;  and  plenty  of  the 
candle  tree,  fpliutcfs  of  which,  when  dry 


and  lighted,  emit  a  very  fragrp.nt  fmcll. 
Its  tobacco,  the  chief  commodity  culti- 
vated, is  reckoned  the  bcfi:  in  tiic  Caiib- 
bce  iilands.  Tlie  Spaniards  abandoiicci 
tiiis  illand  in  1650,  and  blew  up  a  fcrt 
which  they  had  creeled.  The  French 
and  Dutch  afterwards  fliared  the  iiJaDd 
between  them.  But  in  1689,  '^\'ei"e  attack- 
ed and  plundered  by  Sir  Timothy  Thorn- 
hill,  aud  in  July,  1744,  were  driven  out 
by  the  Britiili  forces,  and  did  not  return 
till  after  the  peace  of  1763.  They  now 
enjoy  about  35,000  acres,  cut  of  the 
55,ocQ  which  the  wholp  idand  contain*;. 
The  two  colonies  breed  poidtry  and 
fljecp,  which  chey  fell  to  the  other  iHaiidr. 
They  aifo  cultivate  a  little  cotton  and 
coffee.  About  30  years  ago  the  Frencli 
part  contained  400  white  families,  and 
lOjOco  Haves.  The  Dutch  part  no  more 
tlian  60  families,  ^nd  about  ioo  flaves. 
N  lat.  18  6,  Wlon,  6a  30. 

Aiartinicn,  one  of  the  largefl  of  the 
Cariqbee  iilauds,  fituatcd  between  lat.  14 
and  15  N,  and  in  Ion.  61  W,  lying  abouc 
40  leagues  N  V/  of  Barbadoes,  and  2i  S 
by  E  of  Guadaloupe,  is  about  60  miles  iu 
length,  and  30  in  breadth  ;  containing 
about  260  fquare  miles.  The  inland  part 
of  it  1%  hilly,  from  which  yre  poured  out 
on  every  fide,  a  number  of  agreeable  and 
ufeful  rivers,  which  adorn  and  enricli 
this  illand  in  a  high  degree.  The  pro- 
duce of  the  foil  is  fugar,  cotton,  indigo, 
giuger  and  fuch  fruits  and  productions  as 
are  found  in  the  neighbouring  iilands. 
But  fngar  is  here,  as  in  all  the  V/.  India 
iilands,  the  principal  commodity,of  which 
they  export  a  confiderable  quantity  an- 
nually. Martinico  is  the  refidcncc  of  the 
governor  of  the  French  iilands  in  thefc 
fcas.  Its  bays  and  harbours  are  numer- 
ous, fafe  and  commodious,  and  well  for- 
tified. It  is  divided  into  28  pariflies, 
which  contain  about  the  fame  nwniber  of 
towns  and  villages,  and  2  principal  towns. 
Fort  Royal  and  St.  Pierre.  In  1 770  it  con- 
tained 12,450  white  people;  1814  free 
blacks  or  mulattoes  ;  70,553  (laves,  and 
443  fugitive  negroes.  About  the  fame 
time  its  produdts  were  computed  at  2j 
million  lbs.  of  fugar,  3  million  lbs.  of  cof- 
fee, 600,000  lbs.  of  cotton,  and  40,cco  ibs. 
of  cocoa,  foreigners  carry  off  privately 
about  a  12th  part  of  the  produce  of  tlie 
illand,  and  the  reft  goes  to  France.  Thi;* 
ifiand,  called  MaJanina  by  the  ancient 
natives,  was  fettled  by  the  Frencli  \\x 
1635.  The  Britiili  reduced  it  in  1762, 
but  reftored  it  at  the  concluliou  of  pc.:ce, 

iii 


MAR 


M  A  r: 


%niy6T,.    It  W33  again  taken  by  the  Brlt- 
iflvin  1794. 

Martini  CO,  Little.      See  Bekia. 
MartirJb:jrough,di  townof  N.Carolina,  on 
the  S  lide  ot  'i'ar  river,  ao  miits   above 
Wafliington. 

Martinfourg,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia, 
and  capital  of  Berkley  co.  about  8  miles 
S  of  the  Patowr.iiic,  in  the  midil  of  a  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated  country,  and  25 
milc3  from  the  minercvi  i'prings  at  Bath. 
It  contains  upwards  of  70  houfes,  a  court 
houie,  gaol,  and  Epifcopai  church  ;  and 
contiguous  to  the  Iowa  is  one  for  Prcl- 
bytcrians.  It  rs  10  miles  from  Shepherdf- 
tovvn,  30  from  Pittfylvania  court  houfe, 
2,5  from  Rocky  Mount  or  Franklin 
court  houfe,  aa  N  E  of  Winchcftcr,  88 
JEvI  N  W  of  Alexandria. 

Mayfin-ville^  a  pofl  towng  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Guilford  co.  in  N.  Carolina,  is  agree- 
ably lil'Ui'.ted  on   the  E  fide  of  Buiialc£ 
creek,   a  branch  of  Haw  river,  and  con- 
tains abc-ut  40  houics,  a  court  houfe  and 
^ol.     It  lies  N  £  of  Bell's  Aliil,  at  the 
head  of  Deep  river  ;  48  miles  N  W  of 
Hillfborough  ;  27  E  of  Salem  ;  50  N  E 
of  Salifbury  ;  1.5 1  W  by  S  of  Halifax.    N 
lat.  36  i,W  Ion.  79  43.     It  was  near  this 
town  that   General    Greene    and    Lord 
Cornwallis  engaged  in    one  of  the  bell 
fought  aclions  in   the  late   war,   on  the 
15th  of  March,  1781  :  and  although  the 
Americans  Avere  driven  off  the  field,  the 
Biitilh  fufft-'red  fo  great  a  lofs,  that  they 
could  not  purfue  the  vidiory.    1  he  great- 
■cft  part  of  the  countiy  in  which  the  ac- 
tion happened,  was  a  wildernefs,  with  a 
few  cleared  fields  interfperfed.     The  A- 
fnerican  army,  v/hen  the  acftion  commenc- 
ed, was  polled  on  a  riling  ground  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  froniGuiiford  court  houfe. 
Mary'an'i,  ouc  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  lies  between  lat.  37  $(>,  and  39 
44  N,   and    between   75  8,  and  79  38  W 
Ion.    It  is  about  134  miles  in  length,  and 
110  in  bre3dth,and  contains  14,000  fquare 
miles,  one   fourth  of  which  is  water.     It 
is  bounded  N  by   Pennfyivania  ;  E  by 
Delaware  ftate,  and  the  Atlantic  ocean  ; 
S  and  W  by  Virginia  :  and  is  divided  in- 
to 19   councies,  11  of  which  are  on    the 
Weftcrn,  and    8    on    the  Eajlem   fliore  X)f 
Chefapeak   bay.     Thofe   on    the  Wejlern 
Jbnre  are  Harford,  Baltimore,   Ann  Arun- 
del,   Frederick,   Alleghany,  Wafliington, 
Montgomery,  Prince    George,     Calvert, 
Charles,  and  St.  Mary's.     Thofe  on  the 
Eajlsrn  Jhcre  ate  Cecil,  Kent,  Queen  Ann, 


and  Worcefter.    The  whole  number  oC 
inhabitants   in    tlic  flatc  is  349,692  ;  of 
whom  107,707  are  (laves.  Each  of  the  coun- 
ties  fends  4  reprefentatives  to  thc'  houfe 
•of  delegates  ;  beUde   which    tiie  city   of 
Annapolis,  the  metropolis,  and  the  town 
of  Baltimore,  fend   2    each.     The    chief 
towns  of  the  ftate,  btfide  thefe  two,  are 
Georgetown,   bordering  on   the    tity    of 
Wafiiington  on  the  river  PacowmaCjFred- 
ericktown,Hagarflown  and  Elkton.     Tlve 
city    of  Wailiiugton    v/as   ceded  by   the 
fiate  of  Virginia  and   M.iryhuid,  10  the 
United   States,  and  by  them    cftablifiietl 
as  the  feat  of  their  government,  after  the 
year    i8oo.     Chefapeak   bay,   wliich  di- 
vides this  fiate   into  eaftcrn  and  weAern 
divilions,    is   the   largefl  in  the    United 
States.     From  the  eallern  fliore  in  Mary- 
land, among  otlier  fnialier  ojits,  it  receive^ 
Pokomoke,  Nanticokc,  Choptank,  Chcl- 
ter,  Elkc,   Wye,  Sailafras,   and   Bohemia 
rivers.     From    the  N,  the  rapid   Sufque- 
hanna  ;  and  from  the  W,  Patapfco,  Sev- 
ern, Patuxent,  Patcmak,  half  of  which  is 
in  Maryland,  and  half  in  Virginia,  Gun- 
powder  and    Wighcomoco.     Except  the 
Sufquthanna    and     Patomak,   theie    arc 
fmall  rivers.     The  face  of  the  country  is 
uniformly  level  and  low  in  mcfl  of  the 
counties  on  the  eaftern  fliore,  and  confe-  ; 
qucntiy    covered,   in   many  places,  with 
flagnant  water,  except  where  it  is  inter- 
feiited  by  numerous  creeks.     Here   alfo 
are  large  tra(5is  of  marfli,  which,  during 
the  day,  load  the  almofphere  with  vapour, 
that  falls  in  dew,  in  the  dole  of  the  ium* 
mer  and    fail   feafons,   which  are   fickly. 
Intcimittents  are  common,  fo  that  the  in- 
Jiabitants  have  a  fickly  appearance.    '\hQ 
fpring    and   fummcr  arc   mofl    healthy. 
The  Wpart  of  the  ftate  is  crofled  by  rhat 
range  of  mountains  which  pafies  through 
Pennfyivania  and  Virginia.     The  N  part 
of  the  ftate  is  varied  with  hills  and  vales. 
The  E  Ihore,  excepting  the  N  part  of  Ce- 
cil county,  is  one  extenhve  level.     Wheat 
and    tobacco  are  the  Itaple  cemmodities. 
In  the  interior  country,  on  the  uplands, 
confiderable  quantities  of  hemp  and  flax 
arc  raifed.     A  few  raife  cotton  of  an  in- 
ferior  quality.     Iheir   gardens  produce 
excellent  roots  and  vegetables.     The  fruit 
of  their  orchards   is  equal  to  any  on  the 
Continent.      Pears,  peaches  plun.s,  and 
feveral    fpecies   of  cherries,   are  plenty. 
From  their  apples  and  peaehes.they  make 
brandy.     Foreft  trees,  the  mcft  common 
arc  oak,  walnut,  hickory,  afii,  chefnut, 


i;arolinc,  Talbot,  Somcrftt,  Dorcheflcr,   \  faffafras,  masnoha,  and  feveral  kinds  of 

pincv 


H 


MAR 


M  A  ^ 


ptnc.    The  flate  abounds  with  mines  of 
iroa  ore  ;  furnaces  and  forges  are  erecSl- 
ed  in  6  counties.     A  planter  in  the  lower 
counties,  fonictii-nes  has   lO  or  15  hoiifes 
on  his  plantation,    but  not  one  barn   to 
ilielter  his  cows  and  farming  horfes  from 
fhc  florms  and  frods  of  winter.     Shiver- 
ing and  hungry,  they  have   nothing  but 
a  fence  to  defend  them  from  the  winter's 
blaft.     A  plantation  generally   contains 
from  rco  to   1000  acres.     Whifky  from 
rye   is    made  in  large  quantities.      The 
inhabitants, except  in  the  populous  towns,  | 
live  on   th°ir  plantations,  often  feveral  j 
miles  diftant  from    each  other.      To  an 
inhabitant  of  the  middle,  and  efpecially  of 
the  eaftern  States,  which  are  thickly  peo- 
pled, they  appear  to  live  retired  and  uii- 
fociai  lives.     The  negroes  perform  all  the 
ma-iual  labour.     Tlie   inhabitants  of  the 
populous  towns,  and  rhofe  from  the  coun- 
try who  have  intercourfe  with  them,  are 
in  their  manners  antl  cuftoms  genteel  and 
agreeable.      The   trade  of  Maryland   is 
principally  carried  on    from   Baltimore, 
with  the  other  Rates,  with  the  W.  Indies, 
and  with  fome  parts  of  Europe.     To  tliefe 
placet  they   fend  annually  about  30,000 
hogflieads  of  tobacco,  befide  large  quau- 
tities    of  wheat,    flour,  pig  iron,  lumber 
and  corn  ;  beans,  pork,  and  flaxfced   in  j 
fmaller  quajntities;  and  receive  in  return,  ; 
clothing  for  themfelves  and  negroes,  and  j 
other  dry  goods,  wines,  fpirits,fugar8,  and 
©ther  W.  India  commodities.     The  bal- 
ance is  generally  in  their  favour.  The  to- 
tal amount  of  exports  from     Dollars.      Crs. 
Baltimore  in     1790,   was    3^,027,777  64 
1799         -        -  i<),299,6o9  CO 

1801         -        -  85006,290  00 

Value  of  imports  in  lypOj    1,945,899  ss 

1795         -  -  5>8ii,3  79  55 

In  the  year  1791,  the  quantity  of  wheat 
exported  was  205,571  bulhels ;  Indian 
corn  205,643  do.  befide  r5 1,445  barrels 
of  wheat  flour,  4325  do.  Indian  meal,  6761 
do.  bread,  and  3104  kegs  of  crackers. 
The  Roraian  Catholics,  who  were  the  firft 
fcttleis  in  Maryland,  are  the  mod  nu- 
merous religious  fe<5l.  Btfide  ihele,  there 
are  Proteftant,  Epifcopalians,  Englifli, 
Scotch,  and  Iriili  Prefiiyf-crians,  German 
Calvinifts,  German  Lutherans,  Friends, 
Baptifts,  Methodifts,  Mennonifts,  Nico- 
litcs  or  new  Qnakers  ;  who  all  enjoy  lib- 
erty of  confcitnce.  The  feminaries  of 
learning  are  as  follows  :  WaJh'ngtGP  A- 
cademy^  in  Somerfet  county,  which  was  in- 
ftituted  by  law  in  1779.   J^'^ajhingtott  College^ 

jaftituted  at  Cbeftcrtown,  in  Keut  county, 


in  17S2.  By  a  law  enacted  in  17^7,  S 
permanent  fund  was  granted  to  this  in- 
ilitution  of  1250I.  a  year,  currency.  Sf. 
Johns  College  was  inftitutcd  in  1784,  to 
v/hich  a  permanent  fund  is  aligned,  of 
1750I.  a  year.  This  college  is  to  beat 
Annapolis,  where  a  building  is  now  pre- 
pared for  it.  Very  liberal  fubfcriptiona 
were  obtained  tovv'^ards  founding.and  car- 
rying on  thcfe  feminaries.  'I'hc  two  col- 
leges conditute  one  univtrhty,  by  the 
name  of"  The  Univerftty  of  Maryland,'*^^ 
whereof  the  governor  of  the  ftate,  for  the 
time  being,  is  cliaucellor,  and  the  princi- 
pal of  ou  -•  of  them,  vice  chancellor.  The 
Roman  Catholics  have  alio  ereiSlcd  a  col- 
lege at  Georgetown,  on  Patowmac  river, 
for  the  promotion  of  general  literature. 
In  1785,  the  Methodifts  inftiiuted  a  col- 
lege at  Abington,  in  Harford  county,  by 
the  name  of  Cokeibury  College.  Every 
neighbourhood  has  its  fchool,  where  chil- 
dren are  taught  reading,  writing,  ami 
arithmetic.  The  legiflature  of  this  ftate 
is  compofed  of  two  diftindl  branches,  a 
Senate  and  Honfe  of  Delegates,  and  ftyj- 
ed,  I'he  General  Afi  cm  bly  of  Alary  land. 
On  the  fecond  Monday  in  Novemb^;r,  an- 
nually, a  governor  is  appointed  by  the 
joint  ballot  oflioth  liouies  The  govern-' 
or  cannot  continue  in  office  longer  than 
3  years  fucccfiivcly.  Maryland  was  grant- 
ed by  king  Charles  I.  to  George  Calvert, 
barcm  of  Baltimore,  in  Ireland,  June  20, 
163s.  The  government  of  the  province 
was  by  charter,  veiled  in  the  proprietary.. 
In  the  year  1689,  the  government  was 
taken  out  of  the  hands  of  lord  Baltimore,, 
by  the  grand  convention  of  England  ;  and 
in  1692,  Mr.  Copely  was  appointed  gov- 
ernor by  commiliion  from  William  and. 
Mary.  In  1692,  the  Proteftant  religion 
was  eftabliflied  by  law.  In  17 16,  the  gov- 
ernment of  this  province  was  reftored  to 
the  proprietary,  and  contir;ued  in  his 
.  hands,  till  the  late  revolution,  when, 
though  a  minor,  his  property  in  the  lands 
was  confifcated,  and  the  government  af- 
fumed  by  the  freemen  of  the  provinc,e> 
who,  in  1776,  formed  the  conftitution 
now  exifting.  At  the  clofe  of  the  war, 
Henry  Harford,  Efq.  the  natural fon  aud 
heir  of  lord  Baltimore,  petitioned  the  le- 
giflature of  Maryland,  for  his  eftate  ;  but 
his  petition  was  not  granted.  Mr.  Har- 
ford eftimated  his  lofi  of  quit  rents.,  val- 
ued at  20  years  purchafe,  and  including 
arrears,  at  ;C*59>4S2  15:0,  dollars  at  7/6  ; 
and  the  vaUie  of  his  manors  and  referved 
lands,  at  ;^3i7,44l,  of  the  fame  money. 


MAR 


MA5 


Maryland Pc'nt,  is  formed  by  abend  in 
Patowmac  river,  W  of  Port  Tobacco. 

Marvfourgh  Tozvnfiip^  ill  Prince  Edward 
CO.  U.  Can:ida,  is  iituated  at  the  eaftern 
end  of  the  peuinfula  which  forms  the  bay 
of  Quinte,  and  lies  open  to  hike  Ontario 
on  the  S.  Smyth. 

Miry,  St.  a  port  ca  the  S  Hdc  of  the 
Bay  of  Fund y. 

M.iry,  Cips  .S/.is  the  mofl  S  promonto- 
ry of  Brazil,  in  S.  America. 

Mary,  Cipe  St.  the  poii7t  of  land  which 
iorms  tlie  N  lide  of  the  moutii  of  La  PJa- 
ta  river  in  Paraguay  or  La  Plata,  in  S.  A- 
mtrica.     S  hit.  2>5  i4.W  )on.  S5  3  2. 

Mar-i,  Ciipe  St,  forms  the  S  E  head  land 
rt  the  motuh  of  Piacentia  i3ay,  Newfouud- 
Jahd  I. 

Mjry^s  River,  St.  a  branch  of  the  Mi- 
ftmi,  which  empties  into  L.  Erie.  !Sec 
Cirf\s  7oitin. 

Marys  Ri'ver,  St.  forms  a  part  of  the 
fouthern  boundary  line  of  the  U.  Siates. 
It  in  part  divides  Georgia  from  E.  Flori- 
da, and  is  very  crooked,  with  a  wide  open 
Jnarlli  on  each  ikle,  from  its  mouth  up- 
wards 30  miles,  where  the  marfli  is  ter- 
minated by  thick  woods.  It  is  nearly 
Jlraigiit  for  2,0  miles  farther,  up  to -r^/Avr'j, 
an  Indian  trader  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion ;  vvliere  it  is  like  a  dead  creek,  4 
fathoms  deep,  and  10  rods  wide.  It  rifea 
in  the  great  Okafonoka  or  Ekanfanoga 
Iwamp,  which  extends  S  into  E.  Florida. 
It  is  thought  to  be  what  is  called  May 
river,  difcovercd  by  John  Ribalt,  in  1562. 
Between  this,  and  Malfau  river,  lies  the 
low  even  coafl  of  Amelia  liland*  The 
harbours  of  both  rivers  are  fpaeious,  but 
St.  Mary's  is  the  fafeil.  It  has  9  feet  of 
>vater  at  low  fpring  tides.  It  runs  a  courfe 
of  150  miles,  and  enters  the  ocean  between 
the  points  of  Amelia  and  Talbert's  illands, 
in  lat.  30  44,  and  is  navigable  for  veffe'.s 
of  conf:derable  burden  for  90  miles.  Its 
banks  afford  immenie  quantities  of  fine 
timber,  fuitcd  to  the  W.  I.  market.  Along 
this  river,  every  4  or  5  miles,  are  blufls 
convenient  for  vefiels  to  haul  to  and  load. 

Marys,  St.  a  pofl  town  and  port  of  en- 
try of  Georgia,  fituattd  on  St.  Mary's 
river,  a  few  miles  from  its  mouiii.  It  is  a 
fmall  place,  and  has  little  trade.  It  is 
J29  miles  S  of  Savannah.  N  lat.  30  45, 
W  Ion.  79  12. 

Marys,  St.  a  county  of  Maryland,  on 
the  pcninlula  between  Patowmac  suid  Pa- 
tuxcnt  rivers,  39  miles  in  len<'rl),  and  15 
in  breadth.  It  contains  13,699  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  6399  are  flavcs. 


Mary  V'llle,  the  crt.  town  of  Blount  c<5. 

MaryfvHle,  a  poft  town,  Kncx  co.  Ten- 
eflee,  561  mih  s  from  u'afliir/gton. 

Mafcorny,  a  conliderable  pond  in  N. 
Hampfnire,  in  the  S  W  part  of  Grafton 
CO.  lying  paftly  in  Lebanon  and  partly 
in  Enfield  townfliips.  This  pond  is  from 
30  to  efi  fathoms  deep.  The  iurround- 
ing  land  bears  evident  marks,  that  the 
ftirface  of  this  pond  was  once  3c  or  40 
feet  higher  than  its  prcfent  level.  Ap- 
pearances indicate  a  fudden  rupture,  there 
being  no  iign  of  any  margin  between  its 
former  and  prei'ent  height.  About  a 
mile  difbnt  from  its  outlet,  there  is  a  dc- 
dcelivity  of  rocks  40  feet  higher  than 
the  ftream,  as  it  now  runs.  By  the  fitu- 
ation  of  thefe  rocks,  it  appears  that  they 
were  once  a  fall,  over  which  the  water 
flowed  ;  but  it  has  now  made  for  itfclf  u 
very  deep  channel,  tlnough  fohd  earth, 
nearly  a  mile  in  length. 

Mafcautcns,  an  Indian  nation  who  in- 
habit on  L.  Michigan,  and  between  that 
and  the  Miirdippi.  I'hc  number  of  war- 
riors, 400. 

Majhect.      Sec  Hancock'' s  River. 

Mufon,^.  county  of  Kentucky,  on  the  S 
fide  of  Ohio  river.  It  is  watered  by  a 
number  of  creeks,  which  fall  into  Sandy 
river  and  the  Ohio,  and  contains  11.405 
inhabitants,  1603  of  whom  are  flaves. 

Mafoti,  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough  co. 
N.  Hamprtiire,  on  the  Mafi'achufetts  line 
about  70  miles  W  of  Portfmouth,  and  50 
N  Wof  BoRon.     It  has  1179  inhabitants. 

Mnfque  Pocona,  a  jurifdiclion  of  Char- 
cas,  in  Peru,  extending  above  30  leagues. 
Its  air  is  hot,  but  not  too  gfcat  for  vines. 
The  city  of  the  fame  name,  where  the 
bifliop  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra  rcfides, 
is  very  thinly  inhabited;  but  there  are 
in  other  parts  of  the  jurifdidtion,  fevera! 
populous  towns.  It  produces  all  kinds 
of  grain  and  fruits  ;  honey  and  wax  con- 
Aitute  a  principal  part  of  its  trade. 

Mcifques,  or  Chilijves  and  Mafffues  a  ju- 
rlfdi(5tion  of  Cafco,  in  Peru,  which  begins 
about  7  or  8  leagues  from  Cafco,  extend- 
ing about  30  in  length.     See  Chilqucs. 

Majjiu  Pert,  was  built  by  the  French  on 
the  W  bank  of  the  Ohio,  near  its  mouth, 
in  N  lat.  37  15,  II  miles  belov/  the  mouth 
of  Teneitee  river.  It  ftands  on  a  high 
ftony  bank.  The  Rones  appear  to  be 
compofed  of  ferruginous  matter  and  grav- 
el. A  confidci  able  quantity  of  land  both 
abovr  and  brlow  the  fort,  is  aiinually  in- 
undated. A  number  of  troops  are  Ra- 
tioned here.  PMlcott. 


MAS 


MAS 


,  MjJ[acbufetU  Proper^  (which  with  the 
t)iflri<£t  of  Maine  conftitutes)  one  of  the 
United  States  of  America,  is  fituated  be- 
tween lat.  41  13  and  43  Ji  N  and  be- 
tween long.  69  57  and  73  38  W.  its 
greatefl  length  is  190  miles,  its  greatcft 
breadth  90  miles  ;  and  is  bounded  N  by 
Vermont  and  N.  Hampfliire,  E  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  S  by  the  Atlantic, 
Rhode-Idand  and  Connecticut,  W  by  N. 
ifork.  Maffachufetts  Proper  is  divided 
into  I »  counties,  as  in  the  following  table : 


G  S* «»  c  s;  n.*<  a; 


(~.> 

»  5* 

»* 

«• 

^ 

uj   4i 

«  «  «      Ov 

4^ 

u 

w 

cc-^ 

*« 

Ui 

H-t» 

:? 

u  ^« 

»J>A    VO 

vi 

6\ 

3-^ 

i.  0.  b 

Ok 

-^4! 

\o 

t 

V#l 

^4 

•^ 

CS  wj    u* 

l/*4i    0       M 

«J 

|*v. 

s-? 

»J|»4i«    ^0 

Ov 

v* 

OJl*» 

^^ 

I    ^4      h»  ^J  Jk  ij>  Ov'jJ    ijj 

Vl 

VC 

?i 

0 

1  4»     toV3L.*v*Uiv4     ov 

vi 

o\ 

V3  Ov 

' 

~  5; 

lihk 

a- 

•^     '^.. 

^ 

« 

P     J'^I'.^^^'J^^    1? 

w 

^  5* 

N      OCONN 

ojvji^      CS 

>^ 

*o 

00 

H 

"o    0  N  0 

ve 

->    v^  0  V, 

^ 

u» 

O       N  ^  CO-^>   O  VJ      N 


0\    C^'-^ 


a03 
o  o- 
o  a 


Q  00  5:  M  w  w  hi  2  v:  2:  o  n  z  s^  r?  a 
W?S5?£;.oc  a^|3:C      go 


5"" 


The  population  is  about  60  for  every 
fquare  mile.  This  is  the  only  Hate  in  the 
Union  in  which  there  are  no  Haves.  The 
weftern  part  of  this  State  is  fomewhat 
Oiountainou*  and  hilly.      Sec   Nt-M'£.n' 


gland,    Wachufett  mountain,  in  Princo» 
town,  Worcefter  couHty,  is  2989  feet  a- 
bove  the  level  of  the  fea,  and  may  be 
feen  60  miles.     In   Maffachufetts  are  to 
be  found  all  the  varieties  of  foil,  from  very 
good  to  ve*y  bad,  capable  of  yielding  ali 
the  different  produdlions  common  to  the 
climate,  fuch  as  Indian  corn,  rye,  wheat, 
barley,  cats,  hemp,  flax,  hops,  potatoes, 
field-beans  and  peas,  apples, pears,  peach- 
es, plums,  cherries,   &c.     That   part  of 
the  State  which  is  diflinguiflied  by  the 
name  of  the  Old  or  Plymouth  C(?/ony,  inclu- 
ding the  counties  of  Barnftable,  Duke's, 
Nantucket,  Brifiol  and  Plymouth,  in  point 
of  foil,   is  the  poorefl  pzrt  of  the  State, 
being  generally  fandy  and  light,    intcr- 
fperfed,   however,   with   many  excellent 
tratfls  of  land.     The   northern,  middle, 
and  weftern  parts  of  the  State  have,  gen- 
erally fpcaking,  a  ftrong,  good  foil,  adapt- 
ed to  grazing  and  grain  ;  very  fimilar  to 
the  foil  of  N.  Hampfliire  and  Vermont 
on  one  fide,  and  to  that  of  Rhode-Ifland 
and  Connecticut  oh   the  other.     It  has 
been  obferved  that  the  effedls  of  the  eaft 
winds  extend  farther  inland  than  former- 
ly, and  injure  the  tender  fruits,  particu- 
larly the  peach,  and  even  the  more  hardy 
apple.     The  ftaple  commodities  of  thi« 
State  are  fifii,  beef,  lumber,  &c. 

The  country  is  well  watered  by  a  num- 
ber of  fmall  rivers,  fome  of  which  fall  in- 
to ConneAicut  river,  which  pafTcs  fouth- 
erly  through  the  W  part  of  the  State; 
others  run  northward  to  Merrimack  riv- 
er, which  enters  from  N.  Hamplliire  and 
waters  the  N  E  corner  of  the  State; 
others  pafs  into  Conueclicut  ai^l  Rhode- 
Ifland  ;  Myftick  and  Charles  rivers  fall 
into  Bofton  bay ;  others  fall  into  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  in  different  parts  of  the  fea- 
coaft.  The  chief  capts  arc  Ann,  Cod, 
Malabar,  Poge,  Gay  Head,  &c.  The 
moft  noted  bays  are  Maffachufetts,  Ip- 
fwich,  Bofton,  Plymouth,  Barnftable,  and 
Buzzard's.  There  arc  many  other  bays 
of  lefs  note.  The  chief  iflands  are  Nan- 
tucket,  Martha's  Vineyard,  Elizabtth- 
ifiands,  and  numerous  fn:iail  ifies  in  Bofton 
Bay. 

The  chief  iron  manufadtures  in  this 
State  arc  defcribed  in  the  account  of  Ply- 
mouth and  Briftol  counties,  and  their 
towns  Taunton,  Bridgewater,  Middlebor- 
ough,  &c.  where  nails  have  been  made 
in  luch  quantities  as  to  prevent,  in  a  great 
meaiurc,  the  importatimi  of  them  fromt 
Great-Britain.  Nail-making  was  not  an 
obje<£t  of  conUderabic  attention,  until  the 

Gcncraf. 


MAS 


MAS 


Ceneral  Court  laid  a  duty  on  imported  ' 
nails  of  every  lize.  This  foon  "  gave 
nerves  to  the  arm,  and  motion  to  the 
hammer  ;  and  from  400  to  500  nails  indif- 
ferently made  by  one  hand  in  one  day, 
'Jtooo  are  now  well  made  in  the  fame 
time."  The  machine  invented  by  Caleb 
Leach,  of  Plymouth,  will  cut  and  head 
5,000  nails  in  a  day,  under  the  direcSlion 
of  a  youth  of  either  fcx.  There  is  a  ma- 
chine for  cutting  nails  at  Amefbury,  in- 
vented by  Mr.  Jacob  Perkins,  which  will 
turn  out  tivo  hundred  thoufand  nails  in  a 
day.  The  nails  are  faid  to  havie  a  decid- 
ed fuperiority  over  thofe  of  Englifli  man- 
ufadlure,  and  are  fold  20  per  cent,  cheap- 
er. ManufaAories  of  cotton  and  woollen 
have  been  attempted  with  various  fuc- 
Cefs  at  Beverly,  Worcefler,  Boflon:  and 
Newburv.  There  are  in  this  State  up- 
wards of  twenty  paper-mills,  which  make 
more  than  70,000  reams  of  writing,  piint- 
ing  and  wrapping  paper  annually.  It 
■was  eftimated  in  1795,  that  jTlOjOOO 
■worth  of  paper  was  yearly  made  by  thefe 
iwills.  The  quantity  has  much  incrcafed 
fince.  The  other  manufacftories  for  cot- 
ton and  wool  cards,  playing  cards, 
fhoes,  lace,  wire,  &c.  are  noticed  under 
the  defcription  of  Bofton,  Cambridge, 
Lynn,  Ipfwich,  Dedham,  &c.  There  are 
feveral  fnulF,  oil,  chocolate  and  powder 
mills  in  different  parts  of  the  State,  and 
a  number  of  iron-works  and  flitting-mills, 
befidcs  other  mills,  in  common  ufc  for 
fawing  lumber,  grinding  grain,  and  ful- 
ling cloth.  There  were  in  1792,  62  dif- 
tilfcries  in  this  State,  employed  in  diflil- 
ling  from  foreign  materials.  Orte  mil- 
Jion,  nine  hundred  thoufand  gallons  have 
been  diftilled  in  one  year,  which,  at  a  du- 
ty of  II  cents  a  gallon,  yields  a  revenue 
to  the  government  of  209,000  dollars. 
There  are  indeed  few  articles  which  are 
cffemially  neceflary,  and  minifter  to  the 
comfort  and  convenience  of  life,  that  are 
not  manufactured  in  thisStatc.  This  Com- 
monwealth is  remarkable  for  its  literary, 
humane  and  other  focieties,  which  are 
noticed  in  their  proper  places. 

The  militia  of  Maffachufetts  is  com- 
pofed  of  all  the  able  bodied  white  male 
citi2;ens  from  18  to  45  years  of  age,  ex- 
cepting from  the  enrollment,  within  thefe 
Ages,  clerg^'^,  fchool-maflers,  civil  officers 
of  importance,  either  under  the  State  or 
fjrderal  government,  and  alfo  thofe  who 
have  held  any  military  commifllon  what- 
ever. The  whole  is  formed  into  ro  di- 
^ifi»n?^  which,  together,  compofc  a  body 


of  5,485  infantry,  2,512  cavalry,  and- 
2,433  artillery ;  the  latter  arc  furnifhed 
with  60  field-pieces,  and  with  tumbrils 
and  apparatus  complete.  This  State,  in- 
cluding the  DiftriA  of  Maine,  owns 
more  than  three  times  as  many  tons  of 
fliipping  as  any  other  of  the  States,  and 
more  than  one  third  part  of  the  whole 
that  belongs  to  the  United  States.  Up- 
wards of  29,000  tons  are  employed  in 
carrying  on  the  fifiieries ;  46,000  in  the 
coafttng  bufinefs,  and  96,564  in  tradin^j 
with  almoft  all  parts  of  the  world.  Pot 
and  pearl  allies,  ftaves,  flax-feed,  bees 
wax,  &c.  are  carried  chiefly  to  Great- 
Britain,  in  remittance  for  their  manufac- 
tures ;  marts,  provifions,  &c.  to  the  Eaft- 
Indics  ;  fitli,  oil,  beef,  pork,  lumber,  can- 
dles, &c.  are  carried  to  the  Wefl-Indi^s 
for  their  produce,  and  the  two  iirfl  arti- 
cles, fifli  and  oil,  to  France,  Spain,  and 
Portugal ;  roots,  vegetables,  fruits,  and 
fmall  meats^  to  Noya-Scotia  and  N.  Brunf- 
wick ;  hats,  faddlery,  cabinet-work,  men's 
and  women's  flaoes,  nails,  tow-cloth,  bar- 
ley, hops,  butter,  cheefe,  &c.  to  the  fouth- 
ern  States.  The  value  of  exports  in  the 
year  ending  Sept.  30,  1791,  was  2,445,975" 
dollars  53  cents — in  I792>  2,889,922 
dollars — in  1793,  3>67654I2  dollars, 
in  1794 — 5,380,703  dollars — in  i8or, 
13,492,632  dollars.  For  an  account  of 
the  climate,  &c.  fee  New-Enrrland.  The 
chief  towns  of  this  State,  befides  Bcfton, 
the  metropolis,  are  Salem,  Newbury-Port, 
Charleflowr^,  Worcefter,  Northampton, 
Springfield,  &c. 

Maffachufetts  Sound,  0\\  the  N  W  coafl 
of  America,  is  fituated  on  the  fouthern 
fide  of  the  Quadras  Ifles. 

Maffjcrir  River  pafTes  out  of  the  Strait* 
of  Magellan  S  W  into  the  fuppofed  chan-- 
nel  of  St.  Barbara,  which  cuts  tlirough  the 
ifland  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  through  which, 
it  is  faid,  Capt  Mareanille  of  Marfeilles 
pafTcd  in  171 3  into  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 

Muffacre  Rtver^  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
Ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  falls  into  the  bay 
of  Mancenilla,  which  fee. 

Ma  [[acre,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
W.  Florida,  2  miles  to  the  eaflward  of 
Horn  Illand  ;  10  miles  from  the  main 
land  ;  all  the  way  acrofs  there  is  from  2 
to  3  fathoms;  except  the  fhoal  calltd 
La  Grand  Bature,  which  ftretches  a 
league  from  the-  main  land,  with  2  or 
3  feet  water  on  it,  and  in  fome  places  not' 
fo  much.  Behind  it  is  a  large  bay  called 
L'Ance  dc  la  Grand  Bature,  8  mi'les  E  of 
Pafcajjoula- 


M  A  T 


MAT 


3Pafcagoula    BlufF.      See    Dauphin   JJand. 
Hutchins. 

MaJJ'afuero,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  called  by  the  Spaniards  the  Lef- 
I'er  Juan  Fcrnandes,  2a  leagues  W  by  S 
of  the  Greater  Juan  Fernandcs.  It  has 
always  been  reprefented  b,y  the  Spaniards 
as  a  barren  rock,  v/ithout  wood,  water  or 
proviiions.  But  Lord  Anfon  tound  this  to 
•be  a  political  falfity,  allerted  to  prevent 
hoftiie  veflels  from  touching  there.  There 
is  anchorage  on  the  N  fide  in  deep  water, 
where  a  fingle  fliip  may  be  Iheltered  clofc 
under  the  lliore,  but  is  expofed  to  all 
winds  except  the  fouth.  According  to 
Capt.  Magee,  of  the  ihip  JetFerfon,  it  is 
58  leagues  to  the  weftward  of  Juan  Fcr- 
nandes, and  in  about  33  30  S  lat.  and  8a 
W  long,  from  Greenwich. 

Majfanuten  s  River^  a  wcdern  branch  of 
the  Shenandoah. 

Majfi'dan  Bay,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  W  coaft  of  Mexico,  is  fituattd  be- 
tween Acapulco  and  Aquacara,aportnear 
the  cape  of  Cahfornia,  where  Sir  Thomas 
Cavcndifli  lay  after  he  had  pafled  t!ie 
Straits  of  Magellan. 

Mufeys-Toivn,  is  on  the  northern  bank 
of  Ohio  river,  between  Little  Miami  and 
Sciota  rivers. 

Majfir.^ales^  Sullivan  co.  Tenneflec. 
Here  is  a  pofloQice,  437  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Majfys  Crofs  Roads^  in  Kent  CO.  Mary- 
land, is  N  E  of  New  Market,  S  E  of 
George-Town,  and  S  by  W  of  SafTafras- 
Town,  about  5  miles  from  each. 

Majl  Bay,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  Ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  in  the  N  W  part.  It  is 
eaftward  of  Montego  Bay,  and  near  the 
flielf  of  rocks  that  lies  from  the  fliore, 
called  Catlin's  ClifFs.  i 

Majlick  Gut,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  ifl-  | 
and  of  St.  Chriftopher's  in  the  W.  Indies,  j 
is  between  Moline's  Gut  on  the  N  W  j 
and  Godwin's  Gut  on  the  S  E.  j 

Majiigon,  a  river  Avhich  runs  weftward 
into  Lake  Michigan  about  1 1  miles  north 
of  La  Grande  Riviere.  It  is  150  yards 
wide  at  its  mouth. 

Mata,  Point,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the 
illand  of  Cuba,  and  9  leagues  N  W  of 
Cape  Maify. 

Mataca,  or  Mantaca,  is  a  commodious 
bay  on  the  N  coaft:  of  the  illand  of  Cuba, 
where  the  galleons  ufually  come  to  take 
in  frefla  water  on  their  return  to  Spain, 
about  12  leagues  from  the  Hivannah.  It 
appears  to  be  the  fame  as  Matanze,  ip 
lat.  aj  la  N;  long  %v  i6  W.    Peter  Heyn 


1[  took  a  great  part  of  a  rich  fleet  of  Spait- 
ifh  galleons  here  in  i6a7. 

Mataia,  a  province  of  S.  America,  to- 
wards the  river  Amazon,  between  the 
mouth  of  Madeira  and  Tapaifa  rivers. 

Matanca,  OX  Mariances,  a  iliort  and 
hroad  river  of  E.  Florida  which  falls  into 
the  ocean  S  of  St.  Auguftine. 

MataticLel,  a  fea  port  on  the  W  coafl 
of  N.  Mexico,  about  ao  leagues  to  the 
N  E  of  the  the  rocks  of  Ponteque,  over 
which,  in  clear  weather,  may  he  feen  z 
very  high  hill,  with  a  break  on  the  top, 
called  the  hill  of  Xalifco,  8  or  9  leagues 
from  the  port. 

Matane,  Great  and  Little,  rivers  in  Low- 
er Canada,  which  fall  from  the  S  into 
the  St.  Lawrence  near  its  mouth.  The 
mouth  of  the  Matane  rivers  of  Canada, 
is  capable  of  admitting  veflels  of  aoo  tons 
burthen.  All  this  coaft,  efpecially  near 
this  river,  for  ao  leagues,  abounds  in  cod, 
which  might  employ  500  fhallops  or  fifli- 
ing  fmacks  at  a  time.  The  filli  is  very 
fine,  and  fit  for  exportation  to  the  Straits, 
Spain  and  the  Levant.  Great  numbers  of 
whales  hare  been  alfo  feen  floating  upon 
the  water,  which  may  be  ftruck  with  a 
harpoouj  and  prove  a  very  valuable  fifli- 
ery. 

Matanzas,  or  Matance,  a  large  bay  oa 
the  N  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  16 
leagues  S  E  of  the  Havannah. 

Matwuia  Bay,  or  Port  Royal  Bay,  is  fit- 
uated  within  Point  Venus  near  the  N 
part  of  the  illand  of  Otahcite,  but  open 
to  the  N  W  and  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  eafl:  fide  of  the  bay  has  good  anchor- 
age in  14  and  16  fathoms.  S  lat.  17  a9, 
W  long.  149  30,  and  the  variation  of  the. 
compafs  3  34  eaft. 

Matfchcdafj,  a  bay  in  the  eaflern  part 
of  L.  Huron,  into  which  the  river  Severa 
empties,  and  forms  a  communication  with 
with  L.  Simcoe,  which  fee. 

Mathanon  Port,  in  the  S  E  part  of  the 
iiland  of  Cuba,  is  one  of  thofe  ports  on 
that  coafl  which  afford  good  anchorage 
for  fliips,  but  without  any  ufe  for  want: 
of  them.  It  is  between  Cape  Cruz  and 
Cape  Maizi.  at  the  eafi  end  of  the  iiland, 

Matheo  River,  \\\  E  Florida,  or  St.  Johns^ 
which  fee. 

Mathcivs,  Fort,  ftands  on  the  eaftera 
fide  of  Oconee  river,  in  the  S  wtflera 
part  of  Franklin  co.  Georgia. 

Matheivs,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed W  by  Gloucefler,  from  which  it  wajs 
taken  fince  1790  ;  lying  on  the  W  lliorc 
of  the  bay  of  Ch^fiipeak.     It  is  about  i8 


M  A  T 


M  A  XJ 


snil€5  in  length  and  6  in  breadth.  It  cftn- 
jtains  3,ooa  free  inhabitants  and  2,804 
flaves. 

Mathaloi  Jllver,  on  the  W  coafl  of  N. 
Mexico,  is  7  leagues  from  Catalta  Strand, 
or  the  port  of  Sanfonatc.  It  is  much  expof- 
cd  to  northerly  winds,  and  is  knovyn  by 
fome  fmall  but  high  hills  that  arc  oppofite 
to  it.  There  is  another  large  river  to  the 
■weftward  of  it,  about  4  leagues,  which 
has  a  fathoms  upon  the  bar  ;  and  from 
thence  to  the  bar  of  Eftapa  it  is  15  leagues. 

Matilda ^2.  village  of  Virginiajfituatcd  on 
the  S  W  bank  of  Patowmac  river,  above 
"Wafhington  city,  and  near  the  Great 
Palls. 

Matilda  Toivnjh'p,  in  the  county  of 
Bundas,  in  Upper  Canada,  is  the  fixth 
townfliip  in  afcending  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, a  few  miles  N  W  of  Ofwcgatchie. 

Matinicus  Jfiands^  on  the  coafl  of  Maine. 
When  you  pafs  to  the  weft  of  thefe  iil- 
ands,  the  main  pafiage  from  the  fea  to 
Penobfcot  Bay  lies  about  N  by  W.  Ma- 
tinicus lies  N  lat.  43  56,  W  long.  68 
ao. 

Malta  de  Brazil^  a  town  in  the  captain- 
fhip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Brazil ;  about  9 
leagues  from  Olinda.  It  is  very  populous  ; 
and  quantities  of  Brazil  wood  are  fent 
from  this  country  to  Europe. 

Maitapony^  a  navigable  river  of  Virgin- 
ia, which  rifes  in  Spottfylvania  county, 
and  running  a  S  E  courfe, joins  Pamunky 
liver,  below  the  town  of  De  la  War,  and 
together  form  York  river.  This  river  will 
admit  loaded  floats  to  Downer's  bridge, 
70  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Mattes,  on  the  E  coaft  of  S.  America,  in 
the  S  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  in  lat-.  45  5  S, 
and  long.  64  25  W, 

Matibeo  If  and,  St.  or  St.  Matthiius  JJland, 
jn  the  S  Atlantic  Ocean.     S  lat.  i  24. 

Mattbexus,  a  county  of  Virginia,  18 
jniles  long  and  fa  broad,  bounded  W  by 
Gloucefler,  N  by  Middlefex,  E  by  the 
Chefapeak,  and  Sby  A-Iobjack  bay.  At 
the  court  houfe  is  a  pofl  office,  193  miles 
irom  Wafliington. 

Mattatueh,  Suffolk  co.  N.  York,  in 
t^outhold  townfliip,  on  Long-Ill.  Sound. 
Here  is  a  port  office,  345  miles  from  Wa{h- 
ington. 

Matthe'ius  Bay,  St.  in  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, on  the  W  fhore  of  Campeachy  Gulf, 
is  more  than  too  leagues  to. the  N  of 
Tambez. 

MattbcLus.,  St.  or  Mattben  Bay,  on  the 
coafl:  of  Peru,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
6  leagues  to  the  N  E  by  E  from  Point 


Galcra,  and  5  or  6  leagues  S  S  W  from^ 
the  river  St.  Jago,  between  which  there 
is  anchorage  all  the  way,  if  fhips  keep  at 
leafl  in  6  fathoms  water.  It  is  all  high 
land  with  hollow  red  crags,  and  feveral 
points  run  out,  forming  good  retreats  for 
fhips  driven  in  by  hard  (quails  and  flaws 
from  the  hills,  and  by  the  feas  running 
high,  which  often  happen. 

Maugerville,  a  townfliip  in  Sunbury 
CO.  province  of  N.  Brunfwick,  on  St. 
John's  river,  oppofite  St.  Annes,  30  miles 
above  Beliile. 

Maura.     See  Society  T/lands. 

Maurepas,  an  ifland  on  the  N  E  coaft 
of  L.  Superior,  in  Upper  Canada,  and  N 
P  of  Ponchartrain  ifland,  about  halfway 
between  Elbow  Ifland,  and  the  bay  of 
Michiplcocen. 

Maurepas,  a  lake  in  W.  Florida,  which 
communicates  weftward  with  the  Mifli- 
fippi  river,  through  the  Gut  of  Ibberville, 
and  eaftward  with  Lake  Ponchartrain. 
It  is  10  miles  long,  7  broad,  and  has  to  or 
12  feet  water  in  it.  The  country  around 
it  is  low,  and  covered  with  cyprcfs,  live- 
oak,  myrtle,  &c.  Two  creeks  fall  into 
this  lake,  one  from  the  N  fide,  called 
Nuttabanie,  the  other  from  the  peninfula 
of  Orleans.  From  the  Ibberville  at  its 
juncfcion  with  Maurepas  to  the  river 
Amit  is  39  miles,  and  from  thence,  fol- 
lowing the  Ibberville,  to  the  Miflifippi  at 
the  W  fiJe  of  the  peninfula  of  Orleans, 
ai  miles.  From  the  Ibberville  acrofs  the 
lake,  it  is  7  miles  to  the  paffage  leading 
to  Ponchartrain.  The  length  of  this  paf- 
fage  is  7  miles,  and  only  300  yards  in 
width,  which  is  divided  into  two  branch- 
es by  an  ifland  that  extends  from  Mau- 
repas to  about  the  diftance  of  a  mile  from 
Ponchartrain.  The  fouth  channel  is  the 
dcepeft  and  fliorteft.  The  pafl^age  thence 
through  Lake  Ponchartrain,  to  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  is  above  50  miles.  HutcbJns. 

Maurepas  JJland,  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton,  the  fame  as  the  JJle  Madame; 
which  fee. 

Maurice  Bay,  pn  the  W  fide  of  Cape 
Farewell  Ifland, or  S  extremity  of  E  Green- 
land, and  the  principal  harbour  of  that 
fea. 

Maurice,  Port,  pn  the  E  coaft  of  Terra 
del  Fuego  Ifland,  is  on  the  W  fhore  of  Lc 
Mrire  Straits,  between  that  ifland  and 
Staten  Land  on  the  E  and  N  of  the  bay 
of  Good  Succefs.  It  is  a  fmall  cove,  hav- 
ing anchorage  before  it  in  li^  fathoms, 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  fhore,  over 
coral  rocks. 

Maurifff 


MAY 


M  E    C 


Maurice^  or  Morris^  a  river  of  N.  Jerfey, 
which  runs  foutherly,  through  Cumber- 
land CO.  into  Delaware  Bay.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  veflels  of  too  tons  ao  miles,  and 
for  fmall  craft  confiderably  further. 

Maxantalla  JJland,  is  near  the  port  of 
Matanchcl  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  Mexico, 
and  on  the  N  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mayy  Gape,  the  moft  foutherly  point  of 
land  of  the  State  of  N.  Jerfey,  and  the  N 
point  of  the  entrance  into  Delaware  Bay 
and  river,  in  lat.  39,  and  long.  74  56  W. 
The  time  of  high  water  on  fpring-tide 
days,  is  a  quarter  before  nine  o'clock. 

I^ay  Countyy  Cape.      See  Cape, 

May  Foint,  on  the  S  fide  of  Newfound- 
land Ifland,  a  point  of  the  pcninfula  be- 
tween Fortune  and  Placentia  Bays. 

Afayaguana^  one  of  the  Bahama  iflands 
in  the  W.  Indies,  and  the  fame  with 
Maranella,  and  in  lat.  ax  51  N  at  the  N 
pointj  and  long.  72  57  W. 

Mayjield,  a.  townfhip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  adjoining  Brcadabin  on  the 
N  W,  taken  from  Caughnawaga,  and  in- 
corporated in  1793.  It  has  876  inhabitants. 

May's  Lick,  in  Mafon  co.  Kentucky,  a 
fait  fpring  on  a  branch  of  Licking  river, 
9  miles  S  S  W  of  Wafhington,  on  the 
fouth  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and  \$  northerly 
of  the  Blue  Licks. 

Maynas,  a  government,  formerly  the 
caftcrn  limit  of  the  jurifdidlion  of  Quito 
in  Peru,  and  joining  on  the  E  to  the 
governments  of  Quixos  and  Jaen  de  Bra- 
eamoros.  In  its  territory  arc  the  fources 
of  thofe  rivers,  which,  after  traverfmg  a 
vaft  extent,  form,  by  their  confluence, 
the  famous  river  of  the  Amazons.  It  is 
feparated  from  the  poflefllons  of  the  Por- 
tuguefe,  by  the  famous  line  of  demarca- 
tion, or  the  boundary  of  thofe  countries 
belonging  to  Spain  and  Portugal.  Its 
capital  is  San  Frawrifco  de  Borja,  the  ref- 
idence  of  the  governor,  but  the  Superior 
refides  at  Santiago  de  la  Lsguna.  There 
are  feveral  miffions  in  the  government  of 
Maynas,  and  diocefs  of  Quito,  particu- 
larly I  a  on  the  river  Napo,  and  24  on 
the  Maranon  or  Amazon  ;  many  of  them 
are  both  large  and  populous. 

Mayo  River,  on  the  eafl:  fhore  of  the 
Gulf  of  California,  and  W  coart;  of  New 
Bifcay,  in  the  province  of  that  name, 
forms  a  fpacious  bay  at  its  mouth,  in  lat. 
17  40  N  and  long.  114  W. 

Mayf-vUle^  a  poil  town,  Mafon  co.  Ken- 
tucky, 484  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Mayzi,  the  eaftern  cape  of  the  ifland 
of  Cuba,  and  the  wcftern  point  of  the 


windward  paffagc.     N  lat.  10  l^  30,  W 
long,  from  Paris  76  40  30.    See  Maify. 

Mazaltcn,  a  province  of  iVIexico,  wcl^ 
watered  by  the  Alyarado,  which  dif- 
charges  itfelf  by  3  navigable  mouths,  at 
30  miles  diftance  from  Vera  Cruz. 

M^ado'.vs,  a  fmall  river  which  falls  into 
Cafco  Bay,  Maine. 

MeaJfviUe,  on  a  fork of  French  Creek; 
a  branch  of  the  Alleghany,  in  Pennfylva- 
nia,  Crawford  co.  N  lat.  41  36,  an4 
about  23  miles  N  W  of  Fort  Franklin,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  creek.  A  pnfl  cScc  i» 
eftabliflied  in  this  town,  347  miles  from 
Wafliington.     It  has  rjjt  inhabitants. 

Mecatina,  Great,  Pcint  of,  OH  the  S 
coaft  of  Labrador,  and  the  N  fhore  of 
the  Oulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in  N.  America. 
N  lat.  50  4Z,W  long.  59  13. 

Mecatina  IJland,  Little,  on  the  fame 
coafl  and  iliore,  lies  S  W  of  Great  Mecat- 
ina.    N.  lat.  30  36. 

Mechoacan,  a  province  in  the  audience 
of  Mexico,  bounded  N  by  part  of  Pa- 
nuco  and  the  provinces  of  Z^catccas 
Gaudalajara,  E  by  another  part  of  Pa- 
nuco  and  Mexico  Proper,  S  by  the 
latter  and  the  S.  Sea,  which  togeth- 
er with  Xalifco,  bound  it  a!fo  on  the 
W  and  N  W.  It  extends  70  leagues  along 
the  coaff,  and  ftill  farther  inland.  The 
climate  is  good,  and  the  foil  remarkably 
fruitful.  There  are  here  mines  of  filver, 
and  a  few  of  gold  and  copper.  Among 
its  numerous  prcdudlions  arc  cocoa,  me- 
choacan-root,  feveral  odoriferous  gams 
and  balfams,  farfaparilla,  ambergris,  va- 
nilla, caflia,  &c,  Mechoacan  was  former- 
ly a  krngdom,  but  the  Spaniards  have  re- 
duced it  to  a  biflioprick,  in  which  are 
about  aoo  towns  of  civilized  native*. 
The  greateft  part  of  the  trade  of  this 
province  is  carried  on  by  land,  there  be- 
ing hardly  any  fca- ports  dcferving  that 
name. 

Mechoacan,  an  Epifcopal  city  and  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  its  name,  fituated 
on  a  large  river,  well  ftored  with  fifh, 
near  the  W  fide  of  a  lake,  about  120 
miles  W  of  Mexico.  It  is  a  large  place, 
having  a  fine  cathedral  and  handfome- 
houfcs  belonging  to  rich  Spaniards,  who' 
own  the  filvcr  mines  at  Guanaxoato  or 
Guaxafiata. 

Mecklenburg^  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  S  by  the  State  of  N.  Carolina. 
It  contains  Z,2>i'^  free  inhabitants,  and 
8,676  flaves. 

MeciUnburg,  in  the  above  co.  has  a  poft 
office,  246  miles  from  Wafiiington. 

Afccklenbutg^ 


M  E  © 


MEN 


Meekhnhurg,  a  CO.  of  N  Carolina,  in 
Salifbury  diflria:,  bounded  S  by  the  State 
of  S  Carolina.  It  contains  10,317  inhab- 
itants, (jf  whom  1,931  circ  Haves.  Chief 
town,  Charlotte. 

Medfcld,  a  townfhip  in  Norfolk  co. 
MafTachufetts,  20  miles  fouthwefterly  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorpoiated  in  1650,  and 
contains  745  inhabitants. 

MeJford,  a.  pleafant,  thriving,  compatSl 
town  in  Middlefex  co.  MalTachufetts,  4 
miles  north  of  Bofton,  fituated  on  Myf- 
tick  river,  3  miles  from  its  mouth.  The 
river  is  navigable  for  fmall  veflels  to  this 
place,  where  it  meets  the  Middlefex  ca- 
nal. The  tov/nfliip  was  incorporated  in 
1630,  and  contains  1,114  inhabitants, 
•who  arc  noted  for  their  indoftry.  Here 
is  a  poft  office.  Alfo  four  diftilleiies, 
which  have  difliiled  in  one  year,  25^,450 
gallons  of  rum.  About  four  millions 
of  bricks,  are  alfo  made  annually  in 
this  town,  the  greater  part  of  which 
are  carted  to  Bofton. 

Mcdoau^  a  fettlement  in  N.  Brunfwick, 
fituated  on  th-^  W  fide  of  St.  John's  river, 
^^  miles  above  St.  Annes. 

Midcr&fia^  a  lake  in  the  N  part  of 
Maine,  whofe  northern  point  is  within  8 
miles  of  the  Canada  line,  in  lat.  47  ^t  and 
long.  68  22  W.  It  gives  rife  to  Spey  river, 
which  runs  S  S  E  into  St.  John's  river. 

Meduncool,  a  plantation  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  40  miles  E  S  E  of  WifcafTet,  hav- 
ing 380  inhabitants. 

Medivay,  a  pofl  town  in  Norfolk  co. 
MafTachufetts,  bounded  E  and  S  by 
Charles  river,  which  fcparates  it  from 
Medfield,  and  of  which  it  was  a  part  un- 
til 1713.  It  has  two  pariflits  of  Congre- 
gationalifls,  and  contains  1050  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  25  miles  S  W  of  Bofton,  on 
the  middle  pofl-road  from  thence  to 
Hartford. 

Medivayy  Of  M'ldivay,  a  fettlement  in 
Liberty  co,  Georgia,  formed  by  emigrants 
from  Dorchefter,  in  S.  Carolina,  about 
the  year  1750,  and  whofe  anceftors  mi- 
grated from  Dorchefter  and  the  vicinity 
of  Bofton  about  the  year  1700.  A  hand- 
fome  Congregational  meeting-hcufe,  be- 
longing to  this  fettlement.  wasbnrnt  by  the 
Britilli  during  the  war,  and  the  fettle- 
ment was  deftroyed.  It  has  fiace  recov- 
ered its  former  importance.  Alcdway  is 
30  miles  fouth  of  Savannah,  and  9  weft 
of  Sunbury.  I 

M'-KcJfeiiLutg,  2l  town  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
York  countv,  on  Torn'*  Cfcck,  40  miles 
W  S  W  of  York. 


Mcherrin^  a  principal  branch  of  Chow- 
an river,  in  N.  Carolina,  which  rifcs  irs 
Charlotte  co.  Virginia,  and  running 
an  E  by  S  courfe,  unites  with  the  Not- 
t*r/ay  about  7  miles  S  of  the  Virginia 
line.     Se-e  Chowan  Rimer. 

Mdaque  JPort,  on  the  W  coaft  of  New- 
Mexico,  is  to  the  N  W  of  Port  Nativi- 
dad,  or  Nativity,  and  near  3  leagues  at 
S  E  from  a  row  of  4  or  5  rocks,  or  naked 
iflands  above  water,  in  the  direction  of 
I  N  W.  This  port  is  land-locked  againft 
ail  winds  from  the  N  W  to  the  S  W. 

Mela,  or  Mala,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru  ia 
S.  America,  lies  between  Canctte  and 
Chilca.  It  is  3  leagues  from  Alia  Iflaxid, 
whole  latitude  is  about  136  S. 

MdaivaOiay  a  French  fettlement  of 
about  70  families,  feciudcd  in  a  lingular 
manner  from  the  reft  of  mankind,  in  the 
north-cafternpartof  the  Diftridl  of  Maine. 
Thefe  people  are  Roman  Catholics,  and 
arc  induftrious,  humane,  and  hofpitable. 
Mdctecunk  Rivcry  in  Monmouth  cov 
N.  Je^rfev,  falls  caftward  into  Beaver 
Dam,  which  is  at  the  head  of  the  bay 
which  is  N  of  Cranberry  New  Inlet. 

Memoroncok,  a  ftream  a  little  weft  of 
Byram  river.  Douglafs  fays,  the  partition 
line  between  N.  York  and  Connecticut, 
as  fettled  Dec.  x,  1664,  ran  from  ihe 
mouth  of  this  river  N  N  W,  and  was  the 
ancient  limits  of  N.  York,  until  Nov.  2-^^ 
1683,  when  the  line  was  lun  nearly  the 
fame  as  it  is  now  fettled. 

Memory  Rocks,  amongft  the  Bahama 
Iflands,  arc  in  lat.  27  20  N  and  long.  79 
40  W. 

Memphremagog^  a  lake  chiefly  in  thff 
province  of  Canada,  40  miles  in  length 
from  N  to  S  and  2  or  3  wide  from  E  to 
W.  The  N  line  of  Vermont  State  pafTes 
over  the  S  part  of  the  lake  in  45  N  lat. 
Memphrcmagog,  which  has  communica- 
tion, by  the  river  St.  Francis,  with  St. 
Tawrence  river,  is  the  refervoir  of  3  con- 
liderable  ftreanis,  viz.  Black,  Barton,  and 
Clyde  rivers,  which  rife  in  Vermont. 
The  foil  on  its  banks  is  rich,  and  the  coun- 
try round  it  is  level.     See  Vermont^  &c. 

Mcmramcook,  River  Iias  been  recommen- 
ded as  the  moft  proper  boundary  between 
tlie  province  of  N.  Brunfwick  and  Nova- 
Scotia.  It  lies  a  little  to  the  caftward  of 
Petitcodiak,  and  takes  a  nortlieafterly  di- 
redtion. 

Menadou  Bay,  or  Panadou,  is  1  leagues 
from  Port  Balenc,  or  Port  Nove,  on  tiie 
coaft  of  Cape  Breton  llland,  at  the  S  part 
of  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawtcuce,  having  the 

iiljiuol 


U  £■  1^' 


M  E  R 


j^and"  of  Scatari,  heretofore  called  Little 
Cape  Breton,  oppcfite  to  it. 

MenSam^  a  tovvnfhip  in  Morris  co. 
N.  Jcrfey,  3  miles  northwefterly  of 
Vealtown,  and  6  W  of  Morriftown. 

Mendocino,  Cape,  iituated  on  the  weftern 
coad  of  America,  in  lat.  40  19  N,  long. 
124  7  \V,  is  formed  by  two  promontories 
about  ten  miles  apart.  Nearly  a  league 
from  the  fliorc,  lie  federal  funken  rocks, 
on  which  the  fea  continually  beats  with 
great  violence.  This  cape  is  remarkable 
only  for  its  being  the  higheft  land  on  the 
Ihore  of  this  part  of  N.Albion.    Vancowjer. 

Mendon,  a  pofl-town  in  Worcefter  co. 
Mallachufetts,  37  miles  S  W  of  Bofton. 
This  townfliip,  called  ^anjhipauge  by 
the  Indians,  was  incorporated  in  1667, 
and  contains  ^  Congregational  pariflies, 
a  foclety  of  Friends,  and  i,6i8  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  bounded  on  the  S  by  the 
State  of  Rhode-Kland ;  watered  by  the 
Charles  and  Mill  rivers,  and  other  fmall 
ftreams,  which  ferve  5  grift-mills,  i  faw- 
mills,  a  clothier's  works,  and  a  forge. 
There  are  3  hills  here,  viz.  Caleb's,  Wig- 
wam, and  Mifkee,  from  either  of  which 
may  be  fctrn,  in  a  clear  day,  the  four 
New  England  States. 

Mendoza^  a  ji!rifdi(5lion  in  Chili,  in  S. 
America.  It  has  a  town  of  the  fame 
name,  and  lies  on  the  caft  fide  of  the  Cor- 
dillera, about  50  leagues  from  Santiago, 
in  a  plain  adorned  with  gardens,  well 
fupplied  with  water  by  means  of  canals, 
The  town  contains  about  100  families, 
h&lf  Spaniards  and  the  other  half  caHs, 
together  with  a  college  founded  by  the 
Jcfuits,  a  parochial  church,  and  3  con- 
Vctits.  In  the  jurifdidlion  are  alfo  the 
towns  of  3t.  Juan  de  la  Frontsra,  on  the 
E  of  the  Cordillera,  and^about  30  leagues 
N  of  Mendoza  ;  and  St.  Louis  de  Loyo- 
la, about  50  E  of  Mendoztt ;  the  Utter 
is  very  fmall,  hut  has  a  par-iHi  church,  a 
Dominican  convent,  and  a  college  found- 
ed bv  the  Jcfuits. 

MfTtdoza,  a  river  which  rifes  in-  the 
C'^rdillera  of  the  Andes  in  S.  America. 
Over  this  river  i$  a  natural  bridge  of 
rocks,  from  the  vaults  of  which  hang  fev- 
eral  pieces  of  ftone  refembling  fait,  which 
congeal  like  ificle",  as  the  water  drops 
from  the  rock.  This  bridge  is  broad 
enough  for  3  or  4  carts  to  pafs  abreaft. 
Near  this  is  another  bridge,  called  the 
bridge  of  the  Incas,  betwixt  two  rocks ; 
and  "fo  very  high  from  the  river,  that 
the  ftream,  which  runs  with  great  rapid- 
ity, cannot  be  heard," 


McnhJjiiih  Lake,  in  the  N  W  coafb  of 
America,  lies  in  lat.  61  N  long.  105  W, 
North  of  this  is  Lake  Dobount. 

Meniolagomelah,  a  Moravian  fettlemcnt 
E  of  the  Great  Swamp,  at  the  head  of 
Lehigh  river  in  Pennfylvania,  about  33 
miles  N  W  by  N  of  Bethlehem. 

Menolopen,  a  wealthy  and  pleafant  farm*' 
ing  fettlement,  in  Monmouth  co.  N.  Jcr- 
fey ;  making  a  part  of  a  rich  glade  of 
land,  extending  from-thefea,  weftward  to 
Delaware  river.  It  is  i8  miles  S  E  of 
Princeton, 

McraJJ-^eeTi  TJand^'m  Placenria  B<iy,  New- 
foundland Ifland. 

Mercer,^.  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  bounded' 
N  by  Crawford,  E  by  Venango,  S  E  by 
Butler,  S  by  Beaver,  and  W  by  Ohio 
State.  It  is  about  40  miles  long,  and  27 
broad,  containing  about  642.C00  acres, 
The  principal  creeks  are  Neflianockj 
Shenango,  and  Pymatuning.  The  inhab- 
itants are  3,z-iO. 

Mercer,  a  CO.  of  Pvcntucky,  adjoining- 
Woodford,  Shelby,  and  Madifon  coun- 
ties. It  contains  9^241  inhabitants,  of 
whom  r/,169  are  Haves.  Harrodfburg  is 
the  chief  rown. 

Mercerjborot'rrjj,  a  village  of  Pennfylva- 
nia, S  E  of  North  Mountain,  and  about 
13  miles  S  W  of  Chamberfburg. 

Mercer's  Cteek,  in  the  N  E  part  of  the- 
ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies,  is  a 
pretty-deep  inlet  of  the  coaft,  the  entrance' 
to  which  is  between  the  iflands  of  Cod- 
rington.  Crumps,  or  Pelican. 

Mfrcha!'t''s  Careening  Fiacr,  wit^iin  thr' 
harbour  of  Po?'?  Roval  in  Jamaica,  on  the 
N  iide  of  the  long  peninfula.  Along  this 
narrow  ilip  of  beach  is  the  only  way  to 
pafs  by  land  to  Port  Ruyal,  for  9  or  ro 
miles,, the  careening  place  being  almoft  at 
midw.iy.  but  fomcwhat  nearer  to  the  E 
end  of  the  pcninfu'a. 

Mccy,  Cape  of  Gud's,  the  moft  fouthcrh- 
poiutof  Cumberland's Idand.on theN  udc 
of  Cumberland's  Strait?,  in  lat.  about  6fy 
N  and  has  Cspe  Walfingham  on  its  N  E, 
and  Exeter  Sound  on  its  north. 

Msredithy  Capty  among  the  Falkland 
Iflands  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  is  be- 
tween Port  Stephen's  and  Cape  Orford. 

Mertdith,  a  townfliip  in  Strafford  co. 
N.  Hampfhire,  on  the  S  W  ^\A&  of  Lake- 
Winipifeogee,  15  miles  N  of  Gilmantown^ 
9  S  E  of  Plymoirth,  and  70  N  Wof  Portf- 
mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in  1768. 
It  was  fir  ft  called  New  Salem. 

McrkJa,  the  capital  of  Yucatan,  in  the 
audieace  of  Alcxico,     Ic  lie*  near  the  K 

fids 


M  E  R 


M  E  R 


G<Je  of  the  province,  between  the  gul  fs  of 
Meiico  and  Honduras ;  45  miles  S  of  the 
Ocean,  and  135  N  £  of  the  city  of  Cam- 
peachy.     N  iat.  21  38,  W  long.  90  26- 

Meriday  a  town  of  New  Granada,  in  S. 
America,  fituated  near  the  limits  which 
divided  the  province  from  Venczula. 
The  foil  round  this  place  abounds  with 
fruit  of  all  forts,  and  there  are  gold  mines 
near  it.  It  is  about  54  miles  from  Lake 
Maracaybo,  130  N  E  of  Pampeluna,  and 
a6o  N  E  of  St.  Fe.  The  inhabitants 
fend  their  fruit  and  merchandize  to  Trux- 
illo.    N  Iat.  8  30,  W  long.  71. 

Meredith,  a  poft  town,  Delaware  co.  N. 
Tork,  456  miles  N  E  from  Wafhington, 
aj  miles  S  of  Cooperftown. 

Merint,  a  large  lake  in  Paraguay  in  S. 
America,  veiy  near  the  coaft  of  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  where  the  land  is  very 
fiat.  Fort  St.  Miguel  fiands  at  the  S  end, 
and  Fort  Mangaveira:,  at  its  northcaftern 
extremity.  There  is  a  very  narrow  lake, 
parallel  to  Lake  Merim  between  it  and 
the  ocean,  and  nearly  as  long.  The  forts 
command  the  extremities  of  the  peninfu la. 

Merimeg,  or  Marameg,  a  hrge  river  of 
Louifiana,  which  empties  into  the  MiiB- 
fippi,  below  the  mouth  of  the  MiiTouri, 
and  50  miles  above  the  fettlement  of 
Genivieve.  Fine  meadows  lie  between 
this  and  the  Mifiburi. 

MerioHy  Upper  and  Lozuer,  1  tOwnfhips 
in  Montgomery  co.  Pennfylvania,  the  firft 
hae  993,  the  latter  1,42a  inhabitants. 

Xiicro  BiJlriSl,  in  Tenneflcc,  on  the 
banks  of  Cumberland  river ;  fo  called  as 
an  cxpreflion  of  gratitude  to  Governor 
Mero  of  W  Florida  for  fome  kind  offices 
he  rendered  the  fettlement.  It  compre- 
hends 7  counties,  and  contains  32,178 
inhabitants,  including  8074  flaves.  By 
the  State  cenfus  of  1795  there  were 
14,390  inhabitants,  of  which  number 
ayf^66  were  flaves. 

Mero  Point,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean  and 
coaft  of  Peru,  between  Cape  Blanco  to 
the  S  W  and  Tumbez  river  to  the  N  E, 
on  the  S  E  fide  of  Guayaquil  Bay,  in  Iat. 
3  40  S.  The  coafl:  at  the  point  of  Mero 
is  low  and  flat,  but  the  country  within  is 
high  and  mountainous. 

Merrimack  Rinter^  has  its  courfe  fouth- 
erly  through  the  State  of  N.  Hampfhire, 
till  it  enters  Mairaciiufetts  ;  it  then  turns 
eafterly,  andpaflcs  into  the  ocean  at  Ncw- 
bury-Port.  This  river  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  Pemi<:^ewafrct  and  Winni- 
pifeogee  rivers,  in  about  lar.  43  z6,  and  is 
navigable  for  velTcls  of  burden  about  2C 


miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  is  obftf  udt^ 
ed  by  the  firfl:  falls,  or  rapids,  called 
Mitchell's  Eddy,  between  Bradford  and 
Haverhill.  Vaft  quantities  of  fhip-tim- 
ber,  and  various  kinds  of  lumber  are 
brought  down  in  rafts,  a  great  part  of 
which  will  nnd  its  way  to  Bofton,  through 
the  Middlcfex  Canal,  which  is  now  near- 
ly completed.  Sec  Middlefex  Canal.  In 
the  fpring  and  fummer,  confiderablc 
quantities  of  falmon,  fliad  andi  alewives 
are  caught,  which  are  either  ufed  as  bait 
in  the  cod-fifhery,  or  pickled,  and  fhip- 
ped  to  the  Weft-Indies.  As  many  as  6 
or  7  bridges  have  been  thrown  over  this 
fine  river  at  different  diftances,  from  New- 
Concord  downwards  ;  the  rilofl  elegant 
and  cxpenfive  are  the  one  two  miles 
above  Newbury-Port,  and  the  one  at 
Haverhill.  The  bar  acrofs  the  mouth  of 
this  river  is  a  very  great  impadiment  to 
navigation,  and  is  efpecially  terrible  to 
ftrangers.  There  are  16  feet  of  water 
upon  It  at  common  tides.  There  are  two 
light-houfes  of  wood,  removable  at  pleaf- 
ure,  according  to  the  fliifting  of  the  bar. 
The  light  now  bears  E  :|  N  and  W  -^  S. 
Bringing  both  the  light-houfes  to  bear 
into  one,  until  you  are  abreaft  of  the' 
lower  one,  will  bring  you  in  oVer  the 
bar  in  the  dcepcft  water  ;  where  is  a  bold 
fhore  and  good  anchoring  ground.  The 
N  point  of  Plum-Ifland  which  forms  the 
S  fide  of  the  entrance  into  the  river,  lies' 
in  Iat.  42  47  40. 

Merrimack,  a  townfhip  In  Hillfborough 
CO.  N.  Hampdiire,  on  the  W  bank  of 
Merrimack  river,  8  or  10  miles  S  E  of 
Amherft.     It  has  926  inhabitants. 

Merrimicbi  River,  falls  into  the  head  of 
a  bay  of  that  name  on  the  N  E  coafi:  of 
the  province  of  N.  Brunfwick.  A  little 
above  its  confluence  with  the  bay,  it  di. 
vidcs  it  into  two  branches,  and  runs 
through  a  fertile  tract  of  choice  interval 
land  ;  and  the  land  is,  in  general,  well 
cloathcd  with  timber  of  all  kinds.  From 
this  river  there  is  a  communication  with 
St.  John's,  partly  by  land,  but  principally 
by  water  carriage  in  canoes.  The  fal- 
mon iifliery  is  carried  on  with  fuccefs, 
and  the  cod-fifhery  is  improving  near  the 
entrance  of  the  bay. 

Mcrryconccry.      See  Harpf-well. 

M'try-Mcttirg  Bay,  in  StraiFord co.  N, 
Hampfliire,  is  the  foath-eafternmoft  arm 
of  Lake  Winnipifeogec.  Mount  Major 
flauds  on  its  weft  fide, 

M'r>y-Meetir>^  Bay,'m  Maine,  Is  formed 

by   the  jundliou   of    Andiofcoggln   and 

Kennebcck 


MEW 


M  E  X 


JCennebcck  rivers,  oppofite  to  the  town 
of  Woolwich,  20  miles  from,  the  fea. 
Formerly,  from  this  bay  to  the  fea,  the 
confluent  ftream  was  called  Sagadahock. 
The  lands  here  are  good.  Steven's  river 
heads  within  a  mile  of  the  bay,  and  a  ca- 
nal has  lately  been  opened  which  unites 
thefe  waters.  There  is  a  bridge  over  An- 
drofcoggin  river,  at  its  'entrance  into  the 
bay,  conne(5ting  the  towns  of  Brunfwlck 
and  Topfliam  ;  the  former  on  its  fouth- 
crn  fide,  the  latter  on  its  northern  fide. 

M^rfca  townfliip,  in  the  co.  of  EiTex,  in 
Upper  Canada,  lies  on  lake  Erie  weft  of 
Romney. 

Mjrteque,  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Honduras  in  N.  Spain,  which  produces 
the  cochineal. 

Mefa^  La^  the  foiithernmofl  of  4  ifles 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  to  each  other, 
and  E  of  the  Sandwich  Ifles.  N  lat.  19, 
"W  long.  137  30. 

Msjfafagucs^  or  Mijfafagas^  a  tribe  of  In- 
dians, inhabiting  on  a  river  of  this  name, 
-which  empties  in  the  N  W  part  of  Lake 
Huron.  A  few  years  ago,  this  tribe  num- 
bered 500  warriors,  now  but  80. 

Mcffsrjhurg^  a  poft  town  in  Franklin  co. 
Penni'ylvania,  16  miles  S  Wof  Chamberf- 
burg,  1 68  W  by  8  of  Philadelphia,  and 
86  N  from  Wafhington. 

Mejfillones ^  or  Mufcle  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of 
Chili  or  Peru,  in  S.  America,  is  S  leagues 
N  by  E  of  Morrenas  bay,  and  5  S  by  W 
of  Atacama.  It  is  properly  within  the 
bay  of  Atacama,  and  is  fo  deep  on  the  S 
fide  that  there  is  no  foundings  ;  but  at  the 
entrance  or  anchoring-place  it  is  moder- 
ate, and  fliips  may  ride  in  15  fathoms, clean 
ground,  and  fecured  from  moft  winds. 

Mijlre  Bay,  Little^  on  the  N  E  part  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland,  fouthward  of  St. 
Julian,  and  N  by  W  of  the  iflands  Gros 
and  Belle. 

Metaivaumleag,3,  largenorthcrly  branch 
of  Penobfcot  river,  about  25  miles  above 
the  Paikataques,  and  30  above  Pafadun- 
keag.  About  15  miles  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  Penobfcot  it  receives  its  N  and 
S  branches,  each  of  which  extend  more 
than  zo  miles. 

Metchigamias ,  a  long  narrow  lake,  or 
rather  dilatation  of  the  northern  branch  of 
the  river  St.  Francis,  in  Loulfiana,  which 
falls  into  the  Miififippi  from  the  N  W 
about  4  miles  above  Kappas  Old  Fort. 

Methusn^  a  town  in  EfTex  co.  Maflachu- 
fetts,  on  the  N  bank  of  Merrimack  river, 
between  Dracut  and  Haverhill.  It  con- 
tains %  pariflies  and  1,253  inhabitants. 

V»L,  I.  S  s 


M:iv  Tjtands,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Span* 
ifla  Maia  in  the  W.  Indies,  between  Cape 
Cameron,  and  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios,  li» 
acrofs  the  entrance  into  the  bay  of  Co- 
troe,  or  Crotoe.  They  are  furrounded 
with  rocks,  and  are  very  dangerous,  ef- 
pecially  in  cafe  of  hard  gufls  from  the  N 
and  N  E. 

M^xicano  Rh>er,  or  Adjyes,  in  Louifiana, 
has  a  S  E  courfe  and  empties  into  the 
gulf  of  Mexico,  at  Cabo  du  Nord  ;  W  by 
S  of  Afcenfion  bay,  and  E  by  N  of  the 
mouth  of  Trinity  river.  On  its  banks  are 
faid  to  be  rich  filver  mines  :  Fort  Adayes 
ftaads  on  its  north-eaftern  fide,  ao  miles 
from  Natchitoches,  in  about  lat.  30  3  £  N.  '  ^^f^" 

Mexico,  a  town  in  Oneida  co.  N.  York, 
on  the  road  between  Oneida  lake,  and 
Ofvvego,  about  so  miles  from  each.  Tlie 
townflup  is  extenfive,  embracing  a  num- 
ber of  towns. 

Mixko,  or  N'eiv  Spaif!,  bounded  N  by 
unknown  regions,  E  by  Louifiana  and 
the  gulf  of  Mexico,  fouth  by  the  Ifthmus 
of  Darlen,  which  feparates  it  from  Terra 
Firma  in  S.  America,  W  by  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Its  length  is  about  2, too  miles, 
its  breadth  i6oo;  fituated  between  lat.  9 
and  40  N  and  between  long.  83  8  and 
125  8  W.  This  vafl:  country  Is  divided 
into  OIJ  Mexicoy  which  contains  the  audi- 
ences of  Galicia,  Mexico,  and  Gautima- 
la,  which  are  fubdivided  into  22  prov- 
inces ;  Nezu  Mexico,  divided  into  two 
audiences,  Apacheira  and  Sonora  ;  and 
California,  on  the  W  a  penlnfula.  The 
land  is  in  great  part  abrupt  and  moun- 
tainous, covered  witlx  thick  woods,  and 
watered  with  large  rivers.  Some  of 
thefe  run  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
others  into  the  Pacific.  Ocean.  Among 
the  firft  are  thofe  cf  Alvarado,  Coatzacu- 
alco,  and  Tabafco.  Among  the  latter  is 
the  river  Guadalaxara  or  Great  river. 
There  are  feveral  lakes  Avhich  do  not  Ief» 
embellifh  the  country  than  give  conveni- 
ence to  the  commerce  of  the  people- 
The  lakes  of  Nicaragua,  Chapallan,  and 
Pazaquaro,  are  among  the  largefl:.  The 
lakes  Tetzuco  and  Chalco  occupy  a  great 
part  of  the  vale  of  Mexico,  which  is  the 
fineft  tratfh  of  country  in  New  Spain. 
The  waters  of  Chalco  are  fweet,  thofe  of 
Tetzuco  are  brackifl).  A  canal  unites 
them.  The  lower  lake,  (Tetzuco)  was 
formerly  as  much  as  20  miles  long  and 
17  broad,  and  lying  at  the  bottom  of  the 
vale,  is  the  refervoir  of  all  the  waters 
from  the  fur  rounding  mountains.  The  city 
of  Mexico  ftandi  on  an  ifland  in  this  lake. 


M  E  X 


M  E  X 


ta  iHs  country  arc  mterfpcrfcd  inan}' 
iSutttitaias  of  different  <iuxllttes.  I'hcre 
arc  anm^nity  of  nitrous,  fulphureous,  vit- 
i-toUc,  and  alluminous  mineral  watcris, 
fom<e  of  which  Tpring  out  Co  hot,  that  in 
a  fhort  time  any  kind  of  fruit  or  animal 
food  is  balled  ia  them.  There  arc  alfo 
petrifying  waters,  with  which  they  make 
Iktk  white  fmooth  ftones,  not  difpleating 
to  the  ta^ie ;  fcrapings  from  which  taken 
in  brt?th,  or  sn»gruel  made  of  Indian  corn, 
are  moft  powerful  diaphoretics,  and  are 
«fcd  with  remarkable  fuccefs  in  various 
kinds  of  fevers. 

The  diavate  of  this  extenfive  country 
is  various.  The  maritime  parts  are  hot, 
and  for  the  nioJl  part  moift  and  unheal- 
thy. Lands,  which  are  very  high,  or 
Tery  near  to  high  mountains,  which  are 
perpetually  covered  with  fnow,  are  coid. 

The  mountains  of  Mexico  abound  in 
ores  of  every  kind  of  rnetal,  and  a  great 
▼ar icty  of  foilils.  There  are  entire  moun- 
tains of  loadHrone,  and  among  otliers,  one 
very  coofidcrabfe  between  Tcoiftylan  and 
Chilapin,ia  the  country  of  the  Gohuixcas. 

However  plentiful  and  rich  the  mine- 
ral kingdom  of  Mexico  may  he,  the  veg- 
etable kingdom  is  ftiil  more  various  and 
abundant.  Dr.  Hernandez,  defcrihes  in 
lii>  natural  hiftory,  about  i,aoo  medicin- 
al plants,  natives  of  that  country.  The 
fruits  of  Mexico  arc,  pine-apples,  plums, 
dates,  water-melons,  apples,  peaches, 
quinces,  apricots,  pears,  poraegranates, 
figii,  black-cherries,  walnuts,  almonds,  ol- 
ives, chefnuts,  and  grapes.  The  cocoa- 
nut,  vatiilla,  chla,  great-pepper,  tomati, 
the  pepper  of  Tabafco,  and  cotton,  are 
very  common  with  the  Mexicans.  Wheat, 
bar!ty,peas,bcansand  rice  have  been  fuc- 
ccfsfuliy  cultivated  in  this  country.  With 
refpe<2:  to  plants  which  yield  profitable 
X'eCns,  gums,  oils  or  juices,  the  country 
of  Mexico  is  fingularly, fertile.  Of  qa.id- 
ropcds  there  have  been  tranfported  into 
this  country,  horfes,  affes,  bulls,  flieep, 
^cats,  hogs,  dogs  and  cats,  which  have  all 
Tmultipried.  Of  the  ancient  qtiadrupeds, 
l)y  which  is  meant  thofe  that  from  time 
iimnemorial  have  been  in  tliat  country, 
feme  are  common  to  both  the  continents 
cf  Europe  and  America,  fome  peculiar  to 
the  new  world,  others  natives  only  of  the> 
kingdom  oi  Mexica  The  ancient  quad- 
r«p*ed£  common  to  Mexico  and  the  old 
continents,  are  lions,  tigers,  wild- cats, 
bears,  wolves,  foxes,  the  common  ftaos 
and  white  il.igs,  bucks,  wild-goats,  bad- 
|^crs,poic-cai5,  wcaalcs,  martins,  Iquirrels, 


rabbits,  harrs,  otters  and  rats.  Tlic^r 
prodigious  number  of  birds,  their  variety,. 
and  many  valuable  qoalities,  have  occa- 
fioned  fome  authors  to  obfcrve,  that,  as 
Africa  is  the  country  of  hearts,  fo  Mexicor 
is  the  country  of  birds.  It  is  faid  there 
are  -zoo  fpecics  peculiar  to  that  kingdom. 

The  civil  government  of  Mexico,  is 
adminiliercd  by  tribunals  called  audien- 
ces. In  thefc  courts,  the  viceroy  of  the 
king  of  Spain  prtfides.  His  employment 
is  the  greateft  trufl:  and  power  his  Cath- 
olic Majefiy  has  at  his  difpofal,  and  is 
perhaps  the  richefi:  government  cntrufred 
to  any  fub^eiTt  in  the  world.  The  vice- 
roy continues  in  crffice  three  years.  The 
clergy, are  extremely  numerous  in  Mexi- 
co. The  prit-fls,  monks  and  imns  of  alt 
orders,  make  a  fifth  of  the  white  inhabi- 
tants, both  here  and  in  other  parts  of 
Spanilb  America.  The  empire  of  Mexi- 
co was  ful^dued  byCortez  in  1521. 

Jllixico^  the  capital  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, is  the  oldeft  city  in  America,  of 
which  we  have  any  account ;  its  founda- 
tion being  dated  as  far  back  as  1325.  It 
is  fituated  in  the  charming  vale  cf  Mexi- 
co, on  fcveralfmalliflands,  inLake  Tetzu- 
co,  in  N  lat.  19  26,  and  103  55  W  long, 
from  Ferro.  This  vale  is  fur  rounded 
with  lofty  and  verdaat  mountains,  and 
formerly  contained  no  Icl's  than  40  emi- 
nent cities,  befides  villages  and  hamlety. 
Concerning  the  ancient  population  of 
thi.s^  citv  there  are  various  opinion'. 
The  hifiorip.ns  mofl:  to  be  relied  on  fa^/, 
that  it  \va.s  nearly  nine  miles  in  circum- 
ference ;  and  contained  upwards  of  60, 
000  houfcs,  containing  each  from  4  to  10 
inliabitants.  By  a  I'c'te  accurate  enume- 
ration, made  by  the  magtftratcs  and  prlcfts, 
it  appears  that  the  prefenc  number  of  in- 
habitants exceeds  200,000.  The  greateft 
curiofify  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  is  their 
floatinjj  gardens.  When  the  Mcxicanp, 
about  the  year  1,3^5,  were  fubdutd  by 
the  Coihuan  and  Tf:panecan  nations,  and 
confined  io  the  fiuall  illands  in  the  lake, 
hnving  no  b.nd  to  cultivate,  they  were 
taught  by  neceffity  to  form  moveable 
pardens,  which  floated  on  the  lake.  Their 
confh-uiltion  is  very  fnuple.  'J'hey  take 
willows  and  the  roots  of  marfh  plant.*, 
■And  other  materials  which  are  light,  and 
twift  them  together,  and  fo  (irmly  unite 
thtm  as  to  forma  fort  of  platform, which 
is  capable  of  ftipporting  the  earth  of  the 
garden.  Upon  this  foundation  they  lay 
the  ligl'.t  btiflies  which  float  on  the  lake, 
and  over  th«u  fprcad  the  mud  and  dirt 

which 


M  E  X 


MIA 


tvItJL'h  thev  draw  up  from  the  hattom  of 
the  iake.     Their  regular  figure  is  quad- 
rangular ;  their  length  and  breadth  vari- 
ous;, but  generally  about  8  rods  long  and 
•   3   wide ;     and  their   elevation  from  the 
furface  of  the  wafer   is   lefs  th?.n   a  foot. 
Thefe  were  the  ilrft  fields  that  the  Mexi- 
cans owned  after  tf:c  foundation  of  Mex- 
ico; there  they  firft  cuUivared  the  maize, 
great  pepper,  and  other  plaati  neceiTary 
for  their  fupport.     Fron>  the  indufiry  of 
the  people  thefe  field-!  i'otm  became  nu- 
merous.    At  prefent  they  cultivate  flow- 
ers and  every  fort  of  garden  herbs  upon 
them.     Everv  day  of  the  year  at  fuurife, 
innumerable  velTels  or  lx>ats,  loaded  with 
v^trioiia  kinds  of  flowers  and  herb.?,  which 
are  cultivated  in  thefe  gafdeud,  are  feen 
arriving  by  the  canal,  at  the  great  mar- 
ket-place of  Mexico.     -Ail   plants  thrive 
in  them  fnrpridngly ;  and  the  mud  of  the 
lake  makes  a  very  rich  foil,  which  re- 
quires no  water  from  the  clouds.     In  the 
largofl  gardens  there  is  commonly  a  little 
tree  and  a  little  hnt  to  fheher  the  cultiva- 
tor and  defend  him  from  the  rain  or  the 
fun.     When  the  owner  of  a   garden   or 
the  Chinampa,  as  he  is  called,  willies  to 
cliange  his  fuuation,  to  get  out  of  a  bad 
neighbourhood,  or  to  come  nearer  to  his 
family,  he  gets  into  his  little   boat,  and 
by  his  own  ftrength  alone,  if  the  garden 
is  fmall,  or  with  the  affi fiance  of  others, 
if  it    is  large,  conducts  it   wherever   he 
pleafes,  with  the  little  tree  and  hut  upon 
it.     That  part  of  the  ifiand  A\here  thefe 
iloating  gardens  are,  is  a  place  of  delight- 
ful recreation,  where  the   fenfes  receive 
the   higheft  pofbhle-  gratification.      The 
buildings,  which  are  of  flone,  are  conveni- 
ent, .iiid  the  public  edifices,  efpecially  the 
churches,  are  magaificeut ;    and   the  city 
lias  the  appearance  of  immenfe  wealth. 
The  trade  of  Mexico  condfls.  of  3  great 
branches,  v/hich  extend   over  the  whole 
v.orld.     It  carries  on  a   traf&c   with  Eu- 
rope, by  La  Vera  Cruz,  fituattd  oi>  the 
Guif  of  iVIe-xico,or  North  Sea  ;  with  the  E. 
Indies,  by  Acapulco,  on  the  S.  Sea,  210 
miles  S  W  ot  Mexico  ;  and  with  S.  Amer- 
ica, by  the  fame  port,     Thefe  two  lea- 
ports.  Vera  Cruz  and  Acapulco,  are  admi- 
rably well  fituated  for  the  commercial 
purpofcs  to  which  they  are  applied. 

Mexico^  Gulf  of,  is  that  part  of  the  N 
Atlantic  ocean,  which  waflies  the  S  and 
'■^  W  coafl  of  Florida,  the  E  coaft  of  N^iw- 
l.eou  and  New-Galicia,  in  N'-w-Mcxico, 
aiul  the  N  E  coaft  of  Old  Mexico,  or 
New-Spain,  in  N.  America.  It  is  prop- 
erly bounded  un  the  N  by  the  Florida*, 


and  on  the  S  by  the  Gulf  of  DarlcrJ,.  «r 
perhaps  ftill  more  properly  by  the  N  W 
point  of  the  Ifthmus  of  Dafiesi,  foppofing 
a  Hnc  to  he  drav.'n  from  one  to  the  other. 
The  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  therefore  to  be 
conlidered  as  the  weftern  part  of  tlie  great 
gulf  between  the  northern  and  fou^hera 
continents  of  Am^erica,  T'bis  fpacioe* 
gulf  contains  a  great  many  ifiands  of  vari- 
ous e:stent  and  fize ;  and  it  receives  fcv- 
eral  great  rivers,  particularly  the  Miffi 
(jppi,  the  N  river,  and  a  multitude  of  oth- 
ers of  comparatively  lefs  note.  It»  coafb 
are  fo  irregular  and  indenttd>  that  It» 
lefTcr  gulfs  and  bays  arc  almofi:  innam<> 
rable ;  the  chief  of  thefe  are  the  gulf  of 
Honduras,  and  Guanajos,  and  the  bays  oF 
Campeachy,  Pala^cay,  and  St.  L.ortis.  It  \% 
conjectured  by  fome  l&  have  been  for- 
merly land;  and  that  the  can(la.nt  attri- 
tion of  the  -waters  in  the  Gulf  Streani,  has 
worn  it  to  its  prefent  form.  Sec  Ctilf 
Stream,  and  Gulf  of  Flotida, 

Miami  River,  Little^  in  tlie  State  of  Oh'o, 
has  a  fouthvveflcrn  courfe,  ^xid^  empties 
into  the  Ohio  on  the  E  fide  of  the  towa 
of  Columbia,  ao  miles  eaftward  of  the 
Great  Miami,  in  a  ftraight  Hne,but  37  tak- 
ing fn  the  meanders  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  70 
yards  wide  at  the  mouth ;  its  whole  length 
70  miles.  Its  banks  are  good  land,  andfo 
high  as  to  prevent  in  common  the  over- 
flowing of  the  water.  Atthediftancc  of 3a 
miles  from  the  Ohio,  the  Miamies  approx- 
imate each  other  within  eight  miles  and 
a  half.  Oa  this  river  are  feveral  fak 
fprings. 

Miami  Rivtr^  Greaiy  or  Great  Mtneamj^ 
called  ?i\£o  AJfereniet^ot  Rocky  river, forms 
the  weftern  boundary  of  the  Statcof  Ohio, 
dividing  it  from  Indiaaa  Territory.  Ic 
has  a  S  by  W  courfe,  and  empties  into 
the  Ohio  by  a  mouth  zoo  yards  wide,  32^ 
miles  from  Big  Bones,  154  miles  from  the 
Pvapids,  and  604  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio.  It  is  one  of  the  moft  beautiful 
ftreams  in  the  State,  clear  and  tranfpar- 
ent.  It  has  a  very  ftony  channel,  a  fwift 
ftrcam,  but  no  falls.  At  the  Picque  or 
Pickawee  towns,  above  75  miles  from  its 
mouth,  it  is  not  above  30  yards  broad, 
yet  loaded  batteaux  can  afcend  50  milea 
higher.  The  portage  from  the  naviga- 
ble waters  of  its  eaftern  branch  to  San- 
dufky  river  is  9  miles,  and  from  thofe  of 
its  weftern  branch  to  the  Miami  of  the 
Lakes,  only  5  miles.  It  alfo  interlocks 
with  the  Scioto. 

Miami  of  the  Lakes,  a  navigable  river  of 

the  State  of  Ohio,  which  falls  into  Lake 

Erie,  at  the  S  W  coraer  of  the  lake.     A 

fouthcrn 


M  I  C 


M  I  C 


fouthcrn  branch  of  this  river  communi- 
cates with  the  Great  Miami,  by  a  portage 
of  5  miles.  The  northern  branch  flows 
from  a  pond  and  communicates  with  St. 
Jofcph's  river  by  a  portage  of  15  miles. 
This  river  is  called  by  fomc  wt iters 
Mawmce,  alfo  Omee,  and  Manmick. 

Miami,  a  village  on  the  Miami  of  the 
Lake  near  the  Miami  Fort.  Large  ca- 
noes can  come  from  Ouiatanon,  a  fmall 
French  fettlement  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
"Wabafh,  197  miles  below  the  Miami 
Carrying-place,  which  lafi  is  9  miles  from 
thjs  village. 

Miaruis,  an  Indian  nation  who  Inhabit 
on  the  Miami  river  and  the  fouthernfide 
of  Lake  Michigan,  They  can  raife  about 
300  warriors.  In  confequence  of  lands 
ceded  to  the  U.  States  by  the  treaty  of 
Greenville,  Auguft  3d,  1795,  government 
paid  them  a  fum  in  hand,  and  engaged  to 
pay  to  them  annually,  forever,  to  the 
value  of  1,000  dollars  in  goods. 

Miamis  Bay^  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mia- 
mi of  the  Lakes. 

Miata  JJland,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands, 
in  the  S.  Pacific  ocean.  S  lat.  i;  53,  W 
long.   148  6. 

Michael,  St.  or  St.  Miguel,  z  town  in  the 
province  of  Quito,  In  Peru,  and  faid  to 
be  the  firft  town  the  Spaniards  built  in 
that  country.  It  is  of  confiderable  fize, 
landing  in  a  fruitful  valley,  about  20 
leagues  from  the  fea.  The  inhabitants 
call  it  Chila.  Another  town  called  St. 
Miguel,  is  the  fecond  city  in  Tucumania, 
10  leagues  from  St.  Jago  del  Eflero,  on 
the  road  to  Charcara  or  Potofi,  at  the 
foot  of  a  range  of  rugged  mountains,  in 
a  well  watered  place  having  the  river 
Quebrada  on  the  one  fide,  and  feveral 
fmall  ftreams  on  the  other,  5  or  6  leagues 
from  it.  The  country  produces  all  kinds 
of  grain,  plenty  of  grapes,  cotton  and  flax, 
and  yields  excellent  paflurage. 

Michael,  St.  a  town  of  N.  America,  in 
N.  Spain,  and  in  the  province  of  Mecho- 
acan.  It  is  very  populous,  100  miles  from 
Mexico.     N  lat.  20  2>5i  W  long.   102  S5- 

Michael's  Boy,  St.  on  the  E  lide  of  the 
ifland  of  Barbadoes,  in  the  W.  Indies  ;  a 
little  N  of  Foul's  Bay  :  N  E  of  which  laft 
bay  arc  Cobier's  Rocks,  in  the  fliape  of 
a  horn. 

Miclael\  Guff,  St.  in  the  S  E  part  of 
Panama  Bay,  is  formed  by  the  outlet  of 
St.  Maria  and  other  rivers  that  fall  into  it. 

Michael,  St.  or  St,  Miguel  River,  is  alfo 
on  the  S  coafl:  of  the  ifthmus  between  N 
and  S,  America,  and  on  the  N.  Pacific 


ocean,  and  1 8  leagues  to  the  W  of  Port 
Martin  Lopez,  and  3  E  of  Guibaltiguo, 
It  has  3  fathoms  water  at  flood.  Within 
the  river  to  the  N  E  is  the  burning  moun- 
tain of  St.  Miguel,  In  the  midfl:  of  an  open 
plain. 

MichaeVs  Bay,  St.  in  Terra  Firma,  on 
the  S.  Sea. 

Michael's,  St.  a  parifli  in  Charleflon  dif- 
tridl,  S.  Carolina. 

Michael's,  St.  a  town  in  Talbot  co.  Ma- 
ryland, 8  miles  W  of  Eafl:on,  and  21  S  E 
of  Annapolis. 

Michael,  Sf.  or  Fonc^  des  Negre,  a  town 
on  the  S  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo  ifland, 
10  leagues  N  E  of  St.  Louis. 

Michigan  Lake,  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
is  the  largefl:  and  mod  confiderable  lake 
which  is  wholly  within  the  United  States, 
and  lies  between  lat.  418  and  45  40  N 
and  between  84  and  87  W  long.  Its  com- 
puted length  is  260  miles  from  N  to  S  ; 
its  circumference  945  miles  ;  and  con- 
tains, according  to  Mr.  Hutchins,  10.368, 
000  acres.  It  Is  navigable  for  Ihipping 
of  any  burden  ;  and  con  municates  with 
Lake  Huron,  at  the  north-eaftern  part, 
through  the  Straits  of  Michillimakkinak, 
The  ftrait  is  6  miles  broad,  and  the  fort 
of  its  name  ftands  on  an  Ulandat  the  mouth 
of  the  flrait.  In  this  lake  are  feveral  kinds 
of  fifli ;  particularly  trout  of  an  excellent 
quality,  weighing  from  20  to  60  pounds; 
and  fome  have  been  taken  In  the  ftrait 
which  weighed  90  pounds.  On  the  N  W 
parts  of  this  lake,  the  waters  pufli  through 
a  narrow  ftrait,  and  branch  out  into  two 
bays  ;  that  to  the  northward  is  called  No- 
quet's  Bay,  the  other  to  the  fcuthward, 
Puans,  or  Green  Bay,  which  laft  with  the 
lake,  forms  a  long  peninfula,  cailed  Cape 
Townfend,  or  Vermillion  Point.  About 
30  miles  S  of  Bay  de  Puans,  is  Lake  Win- 
nebago, which  communicates  with  it; 
and  a  very  fliort  portage  interrupts  the 
water  com.munlcation,  fouthweftward 
from  Winnebago  Lake  through  Fox  riv- 
er, then  through  Ooifconfm,  into  the  riv- 
er Mifiifippi.  Chicago  river,  alfo  at  the 
S  W  extremity  of  I>ake  Michigan,  fur- 
niflies  a  communication  interrupted  by  a 
ftill  fliorter  portage,  with  Illinois  river. 
Lake  Michigan  receives  many  fmall  riv- 
ers from  the  W  and  E  fome  150  and  even 
250  yards  broad  at  their  mouths.  See 
Grand  Majiicon,  Matame,  St.  Jofeph,  &c. 

Michillimakkinak  Straits  ccnncdt  Lakes 
Michigan  and  Huron,  in  a  N  E  and  S  W 
courfe. 

MicLillimakiinak  (called  by  the  Canadi- 


M  I  C 


M  I  D 


ans  La  Grofe  IJle)  an  idand,  fort,  and  vil- 
lage  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  ftraits  of  the 
fame  name.  The  fmall  ifleon  which  the 
village,  and  the  fort  commanding  the 
ftrait,  Itand,  is  W  N  W  of  White  Wood 
Ifland,  in  Lake  Huron.  In  addition  to 
the  lands  round  this  poft  to  which  the 
Indian  title  had  been  extinguiflicd  by  the 
French  and  Britifli  governments,  the  In- 
dians have  ceded  by  the  treaty  of  Green- 
ville, a  traft  of  land  on  the  main,  to  the 
north  of  the  ifland  on  which  the  poft  of 
Michiliimakkinak  ftands,  to  meafure  6 
miles  on  lakes  Huron  and  Michigan,  and 
to  extend  3  miles  back  from  the  water  of 
the  lake  or  ftrait,  and  alfo  De  Bois  Blanc, 
or  White  Wood  Ifland.  This  laft  was  the 
voluntary  gift  of  the  Chippewa  nation. 
The  ifland  of  Michiliimakkinak  is  very 
barren,  but,  as  it  is  the  grand  rendezvous 
of  the  Indian  traders,  a  confiderablc  trade 
is  carried  on;  and  its  very  advantageous 
fttuation  feems  to  enfure  that  it  will  be, 
at  fome  future  period,  a  place  of  great 
commercial  importance.  It  is  within  the 
line  of  the  United  States,  and  was  lately 
delivered  up  by  the  Britifla.  There  arc 
251  inhabitants  here.  It  is  about  200 
miles  N  N  W  from  Detroit,  and  974  N 
W  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  45  48  34,  W 
long.  84  30. 

Michiliimakkinak^  Little,  a  river  In  the 
N.  W.  Territory,  which  enters  the  fouth- 
eaftern  fide  of  Illinois  river,  by  a  mouth 
50  yards  wide,  and  has  between  30  and 
40  fmall  iflands  at  its  mouth;  which  at 
a  diftance  appear  like  a  fmall  village.  It 
runs  a  N  W  courfe,  and  is  navigable 
about  90  miles.  On  its  banks  i^  plenty 
of  good  timber,  viz,  red  and  white  cedar, 
pine,  maple,  walnut,  &c.  as  alfo  coal 
mines.  Its  mouth  is  13  miles  below  the 
Old  Piorias  Fort  and  village,  on  the  op- 
pofite  fide  of  the  river,  at  the  S  W  end  of 
Illinois  Lake,  and  195  miles  from  the 
Miflifippi. 

Michipicotetiy  a  river  which  empties  into 
Lake  Superior,  on  the  northeaft  fide  of 
the  lake.  It  has  its  fource  not  far  diftant 
from  Moofe  river,  a  water  of  James's  Bay. 
It  forms,  at  its  mouth",  a  bay  of  its  own 
name;  and  on  the  W  part  of  the  bay,  is 
a  large  ifland  fo  called,  clofe  to  the  land, 
a  fmall  ftrait  only  feparates  it  from  Ot- 
ter's Head  on  the  north. 

Micbipicotsn  Bay,  in  the  northeaft  part 
cf  lake  Superior,  in  Upper  Canada,  is 
fomewhat  iheltered  foutherly  and  eaft- 
erly  from  lake  Superior,  by  point  Gor- 
gontua  and  the  ifland  af  Michipicoten. 


M'lchiftcoien  IJte,  on  the  northcaft  patt 
of  Lake  Sapenor,  in  U.  Canada,  at  the 
entrance  of  a  bay  of  the  fame  name. 

Michipicvoton  Hnufe,  in  U.  Canada,  is 
fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  the  mouth  of  the 
above  river,  in  lat.  47  56  N,  and  belongs 
to  the  Hudfon  Bay  Company. 

JMichifcoui,  is  the  Indian  and  prefent 
name  of  the  moft  northerly  river  in  Ver- 
mont. It  rifes  in  Belvidere,  and  runs 
nearly  north-caft  until  it  has  crofled  into 
Canada,  where  it  runs  fome  diliance  ;  it 
turns  W  then  foutherly,  re-enters  the 
State  of  Vermont  in  Richford,  and  emp- 
ties into  Lake  Champlain  at  Michifcoui 
Bay,  at  Highgate.  It  is  navigable  for  the 
largeft  boats  to  the  falls  at  Swantown,  7 
miles  from  its  mouth.  Michifcoui,  La 
Moelle,  and  Onion  r:ver3,are  nearly  of  th« 
fame  magnitude. 

Michifcoui  TonguCy  ov  Bay,  a  long  point 
of  land  which  extends  foutherly  into 
Lake  Champlain  from  the  N  E  corner  of 
Vermont  on  the  W  fide  of  the  bay  of 
this  name,  and  forms  the  townfliip  of  All- 
burg. 

Micl:macks,-xr\  Indian  nation  which  in- 
habit the  country  between  the  Shapody 
Mountains,  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  LaAv- 
rence  iu  Nova-Scotia,  oppofite  to  St. 
John's  Ifland.  This  nation  convey  their 
fentiments  by  hieroglyphics  marked  on 
the  rind  of  the  birch  and  on  paper,  which 
the  Roman  millior^itiies  perfecflly  under- 
ftand.  Many  of  them  refide  at  the  heads 
of  the  rivers,  in  King's  and  ilr^uts  coun- 
ties, 

Micoya  Bay  is  fituated  on  the  S  W  coaHr 
of  Mexico,  or  N-  Spain,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  In  fome  charts  it  is  laid  down  iu 
lat,  lO  15  Nand  having  Cape  Bianco  and 
Chira  Ifland  for  its  fouth-eaft  limit. 

Middle  Bank,  a  filhing  ground  in  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  which  lies  from  nortli-caft 
to  fouth-weft,  between  St^  Peter's  Bnnk 
and  that  of  Sable  Ifland  ;  and  oppo- 
fite to,  and  S  E  of,  Cape  Breton  Ifland, 
laid  down  in  fome  ch.arts  between  lat.  44 
33,  and  45  34  N,  and  between  long.  57 
57,  and  59  32. 

MiddUborough,  the  Numafr'.ctt  of  the  an- 
cient Indians,  a  poft  town  in  Plymouth 
CO.  Mafiachufetts,  40  miles  S  by  E  of  Bof- 
ton  ;  was  incorporated  in  1669,  and  con- 
tains 4458  inhabitants.  This  town  was 
formerly  thickly  inhabited  by  Indian  na- 
tives, governed  by  tlie  noted  facl.em  Tif- 
pacan  :  there  are  now  only  30  or  40  fouls 
remaining,  who,  to  fupply  their  immedi- 
ate neceiCties,  make  and  fell  brooms  and 

ba£kets. 


M  I  D 


M  I  I> 


b5&ets.  TJie  town  is  remarkaMe  for  a 
large  range  of  ponds,  which  prociucc  fev- 
cral  forts  of  fith,  and  large  quantities  of 
iron  ore.  The  bottom  of  AiTow;^unfet 
PoodmAy  be  faidlo  bean  entire  mine  of 
iron  ore.  Men  go  out  with  boats,  and 
nfe  inflruments  likq  oyfter  dredges,  to  get 
cp  the  ore  from  the  bottotn  of  the  pond. 
Jt  is  now  fo  much  exhauiicd,  that  half  a 
tm\  is  thought  a  good  day's  work  for  one 
133 an  ;  but  ior  a  number  of  years  one  man 
co-vild  take  up  four  times  ths  quantity. 
IJ7;  an  adjacent  pond  there  is  yet  great 
plenty  at  20  feet  deep,  as  well  as  from 
iTiOiikr  water.  Great  quantities  of  nails 
are  made  here.  In  winter,  the  farmers 
arid;  young  men  arc  employed  in  this 
manufad:u.re.  Here,  and  at  Milton  in 
Ift^rfoik  county,  the  firfr  rolling  and  flit- 
ting mills  were  eredted  about  50  years 
ago,  but  w.'ire  imperfecl  i^nd  unprodu(5t- 
ive,  in  comparifon  witii  thofe  of  the  pref- 
ent  time.  Th*;  prints  of  naked  hands  and 
feet  are  to  be  feen  on  ieveral  rocks  in  this 
town,.fuppofed  to  have  been  done  by  the 
Indians.  Thefe  are  probably  fimilar  to 
thofe  obferved  in»  the  States  of  Georgia 
and  Virginia. 

MiMdourg  Key,  a  fmall  illot  feparat- 
ed  from  St.  Martin's  in.  tlic  Weft-Indies 
on  the  N  E. 

Middiehrool,  ?.  poft-town,  Augufla  co. 
"Virginia,  i86  miles  from  WaDtington. 

Middlehufg^  a  poll-town,  Loudon  co. 
Virginia,  47  mik-s  from  Wafliington. 

i)^ra'a'/<r/'rfr_§-,  apoft-town,  Nellon  co.Ken- 
turky,  603  miles  from  WalLington. 

Middlebury,  a  pofl-town  of  Vermont, 
and  capital  of  Addifon  co.     It  is  33  miles 
NbyW  of  Rutland,  15  from  Vergennes 
and   37   S  E  of  Burlington.     Here  is  a 
brewery  upon  a  pretty  large  fcale,  3  grift 
xnills,  4  faw  mills, a  forge,  a  gun  and  card 
manufadlory,  jail,   court  houfe,  college, 
and  about  400  dwelling  houl'es.       I'he 
college  eftablinied  in  this  town,  is  flour- 
ifliing,  and  promifes  great  benefit- to  the  | 
State.     The  townfhip  lies  on  the  E  fide  i 
of  Otter  Creek,  and  contains  1263  inhab-  j 
itants,  5 1 1  milts  N  E  of  Wafaington.  I 

MiddL'  Caps  is  to  the  S  W  of  Cape  An-  | 
thony,  in  Staten  Land,  on  the  ftrait  Le  j 
Maire,  and  the  mofl  wefteriy  point  of  | 
that  iflaud;'  at  the  e:;tremity  of  S.  Amer-  | 
ica.  _      _  ! 

MidJlrfefd,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfiiirc  ] 
CO. MafTvchufetts,  30milcs  NWof  Spring-  i 
field,  and  130  miles  vveflerly  of  B(.'flon.  It  j 
was  incorporated  in  1783,  and  contains  • 
817  iuhabitauts.  j 


Middlejteld^  a  thriving  town  m  Tram* 
bul  CO.  State  of  Ohio,  in  the  centre  of  the 
county,  15  ijtile*  N  of  Warren. 

Middlekr-J-y,  a  village  in  N.    Jerfcy,   5 
i    miles  W  of  Brurtfwick,  ou  the  crofs'poft 
I    road  from  Brunfwick  to  Flemington,  and 
on  the  N  bank  of  Rariton  river. 

]\Tiddls  IJlunds,  or  lUas  de  en  Medio^  OH 
theWcoah  of  R  Mexico,  between  the 
iflands  of  Chir^i  and  St.  Luke.  They  arc 
in  the  N.  Pacii/c  ocean,  in  lat.  9  30  N. 
Tliere  h  only,  from  6  to  7  fathoms-  from 
Chira  to  thcle  illands,  and  all  vtflelsfhould 
keep  nearer  to  thtm  than  to  the  main. 

M-iddUhurg^  or  ^ooa,  the  mofl  fcatherly 
of  ^1  the  Friendly  Iflands,  in  the  Pacifi« 
I  Ocean  ;  and  i?  about  10  leagues  in  circuit. 
}  Middle  IJhnd,.  in  Upper  Canada,  is 
j  fmall,  and  fituatedeaftoi  the  Bafs  illands, 
j  and  northerly  of  Ship  ifoud,  and  Cun- 
tiingham's  island  in  Lake  Erie. 

MiddUfcx,  a  county   of  Maffachufetts, 
bounded  N  by  the  State  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
i  E  by  ElTex  c(;.  S  by  SuiFoik,  and  W  by 
Worcef^cr  co.     Its  figure  is  nearly  equal 
to  a  fquare  of  40  milts  on  a  fide ;  its  great- 
cfl:  leng^th.  bciiig,  52,     and    its    grcateft 
breadth  42  miles.     It  has  42  r?>v.-iifliips, 
which  contain  46,928  inhabitants.     The 
religious  focieties  are  SS  *>f  Congrcgation- 
alifts,  7  of  Baptifts,  and  fame  Prefbyterl- 
ans.      It  was   made  a   county   in   164J, 
It  is  watered  by  five     principal  .rivers^ 
Merrimack,  Cha,rles,  Concoid,    Nailiua, 
and    My  (tick ;,  befides    fmaller    ftreams. 
The  chief  towns  are  Charleftown,  Cam- 
bridge,  and     Concord.     Charleflovvn    i& 
the  only  feaport   in  the   county  ;    Con- 
cord is  the  mon  refpe<ftai>!e  inland  town, 
and  is  near  the   centre  of  the  county, 
being  20  miles  N  V/  of  B<.)0;on.     Inhere 
are  in  the  county  24  fulling-mills,  about 
70  tan-yardsj4  p<»-per-mill5,  2  fnulT-mills, 
6  diftlilerics,  and  about  20  pot  and  pearl 
alii  houfes.     The  fcuthcrn  and  northern 
fides  of  the  county  are  hilly,    but    not 
mountainous,  fdw  of  the  hills  exceeding 
100  feet  in  height,  and  are  covered  witU 
wood,  or  cultivated  quite  to  their  fum- 
mits.      The  air  is  generally  ftrene,  and 
the  temperature  mild.     The  extreme  va- 
riation of  Farcnheit's  thermometer,  may 
be  confidered  as  100  in  a  year  ;  but  it  is 
in  very  fcvt^  Inftances,  that  in  the  courfe 
of  a  year  it  reaches  either  extreme  :   9a 
may  be  confidered  ^s  the  extreme  fuin- 
mcr  heat,  and  5  or  6  below  c,  as  that 
of  the  winter  cold.       In  the  winter  of 
17(^6 — '97,  it  funk  to  II  below  o.    The. 
ioil  is  various,   in    fonic    parts  of  rich> 

Ulac-k 


M  I  D 


M  I  D 


^-jlack  loSm,  and  in  others  it  is  lig'ht 
■and  fandy.  It  pr(xluc€3  the  timber, 
grain  and'  fruit  which  are  ccmmon 
thropghout  the  State,  either  by  natural 
growth  or  cultivation. 

Mlddlefex  Caral,  fec  ApJ^t^'dix. 

Middlefex,  a  maritin^e  co.  of  Connec- 
ticut, bounded  N  by  Flartford  co.  S  by 
JLorig  Ifland  Sound, 'E  by  New  London 
CO.  and  W  by  New  Haven.  Its  great- 
eft  length  is  about  30  miles,  and  its 
^greateft  breadth  19  miles.  It  is  divid- 
ed into  6  townfliips,  containirrg  13,874 
inhabitants,  of  whom  72  are  flaves.  Ccn- 
necSlicut  river  runs  the  whole  length  of 
the  county,  and  on  the  ftreams  which 
flow  into  it  are  a  number  of  mills,  Mid- 
dleton  is  the  chief  town. 

Middle ffx,  a  CO.  of  N.  Jerfcv,  bound- 
ed N  bv  Efn-x,  N  W  and  Why  Som- 
^rfet,  SW  by  Burlington,  SE  by  Mon- 
inniith,  E  by  Rarlton  Bay  and  part  of 
Staten  Ifland.  It  contains  17,890  inhab- 
itants. From  the  mouth  of  Rariton  riv- 
er up  to  Bru!\fwick,  the  land  on  both 
fides  is  generally  good,  both  frvr  pafture 
and  tillage,  producing  confiderable  quan- 
tities of  every  kind  of  grain  and  hay. 
Chief  town.  New  Brunfwiclv. 

M'ddfeffx,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  on  the 
S  lide  of  Rappahannock  river,  on  Chef- 
apeak  Bay,  It  is  about  35  miles  .-in 
length,  and  7  in  breadth,  containing 
16^7  free  inhabitants,  and  25 1 6  flaves. 
TJrbann?-  is  the  chief  town. 

M'nfJie  Sifter,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  W 
<nd  of  Lake  Erie  in  Up^er  Canada,  \\i- 
uated  between  the  Eafl:  Sifter,  and  Weft 
5iftcr.     S?77yfh. 

Middle  Sfafcu  One  of  the  Grand  D:- 
vifions  of  the  United  States,  (fo  denom- 
inated in  reference  to  the  northern  and 
fouthernState=!)  comprehending  the  States 
of  New  York,  New  Jerfey,  Pennfylvania, 
Delaware,  Ohio,  and  the  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory. 

M:ddletr,p,  an  interior  townfliip  in  .Efiex 
ro.  Matrachufetts,  20  miles  northerly  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1728, 
and  contains  598  inhabitant. 

Middhton,  a  city  and  pofl  town  and 
port  of  entry  of  Connecticut,  and  the 
capital  of  Middlefex  co.  pleafantly  fitu- 
atcd  on  the  weftern  bank  of  ConnecTti- 
cut  river,  %\  miles  from  its  mouth,  at 
Saybrook  Bar,  according  to  the  courfe 
of  the  river  ;  15  miles  S  of  Hartford. 
^6  N  by  F.  of  'New  H^ven,  38  N  W 
by  W  of  New  I^ondon,  30  N  of  Say- 
bi-xjok,   and  209  N  E    of  Philadelphia. 


Its  public  buildings  artr,  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  an  Epifcopalian  churcii^ 
a  court  houfe  and  naval  office.  It  con- 
tains al^out  300  houfes,  and  carries  on 
a  confiderable  trade.  Here  the  river 
has  10  feet  water  at  full  tides.  N  lat, 
4t  35,  W  long.  72  54.  This  place  was 
called  Mattabejtci,  by  the  Indians,  and 
was  fettle^  in  1650  or  1651.  Two  mile* 
from  the  city  is  a  lead  mine  which  was 
wrought  during  the  war,  and  was  pro- 
duiftive  ;  but  it  is  too  crpcnl'lvc  to  be 
worked  in  time  cf  peace. 

Middleiorvn,  a  townfhip  in  StrafFor^J 
CO.  N.  Hamplliire;  about  40  miles  N  by 
W  of  Portfrnouth. 

Middletoivn,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  -59  miles  N  of  Benningtc^i. 

Middhfcivn,  a  village  on  Long  Ifland, 
N.  York  State  ;  12  miles  from  Smithtown., 
and  13  from  Bridgehampton. 

Middleioivn,  a  townfliip  in  Delaware  co 
N.  York,  ere(£l:ed  from  Roehf  fter  and 
V/codftock  in  1789,  on  the  N  tide  of  the 
liead  waters  of  Popachton  brancli  of  Del- 
aware, 40  miles  Wof  Catfkill. 

Middletoivn,  a  townfhip  in  Newport  co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  contains  913  inhabitants. 
In  this  town,  which  is  on  the  ifland  which 
gives  name  to  the  State,  and  about  % 
miles  from  Newport,  is  a  large  and  curi- 
ous cavity  in  the  rocks,  called  Pi^gatorv, 

MiJdldoivn.  a  town  of  about  6o  or 
70  houfes  in  Berkley  co.  Virg,  about  half 
way  between  Martiufburgh  and  Winch- 
efter,  near  the  N  mountain.  It  has  a 
church  for  Prefbyterians,  and  another 
for  Baptifts. 

MiddldQ-v^  a  fmaJI  po!l  town  in  New- 
raffle  CO.  Delaware,  on  Apoguinimy 
Creek,  21  miles  S  S  W  of  V/I!mington, 
and  49  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

MidJielo^vn,  in  Monmouth  co,  N.  Ter- 
fey,  a  townfhip  which  contains  two  pla- 
ces of  worfliip,  one  for  Baptifls  and  one 
for  the  Durch  Reformed  Cliurch,  and 
3,226  Inhabitants.  Here  is  an  academy 
of  40  or  50  ftudents  ;  and  fait  works 
on  North  river,  which  divides  this  to-<:7n 
from  Shrewn)iiry.  The  centre  of  t!i« 
townlbip  is  50  miles  E  bv  N  of  Trenton, 
and  30  S  Why  S  of  N.York  city-  The 
right-houfe  built  by  the  citizens  of  New 
York  on  the  point  of  Sandy  Hook,  is  in 
this  townfliip.  The  high  lands  of  Navc- 
fink,  are  on  the  fea  coaft.near  Sandy  Hook. 
They  are  600  feet  above  the  Airface  of  the 
water,  and  are  the  lands  firft  difcovf  re<i 
by  mariners  on  thif  part  of  the  coaft, 

MiddletvTAn  J'oj.it^  In  the  abovi  ta*t^- 

ibip» 


M  I  F 


M  I  L 


fhip,  lies  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  bay 
Tvithin  Sandy  Hook,  9  miles  E  by  N 
of  Sporfwood,  and  14  north-weft  of 
Shrewfbury.  A  pofl- office  is  kept  here, 
Middldown^  a  flourifliing  poft  town  in 
Dauphin  to.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  N 
W  fide  of  Swatara  creek,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  Sufquehannah,  2  miles  bc- 
loAv.  It  contains  a  German  church  and 
above  100  houfes,  and  carries  on  a 
brific  trade  with  the  farmers  in  the  vi- 
cinity. It  is  eftimated  that  above  200,000 
bufliels  of  wheat  are  brought  down 
thefe  rivers  annually  to  the  landing 
place,  2  miles  from  the  town.  Contig- 
iious  to  the  town  is  an  excellent  mer- 
chant mill,  fupplied  with  a  conftant 
ftream,  by  a  canal  cut  from  the  Swat- 
ara. It  is  6  miles  S  of  Hummelflon, 
andpzWby  N  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat. 
40  12,  W  long.  76  44.  There  are  alfo 
two  other  townfhips  of  this  name  in 
the  State;  the  one  in  Delaware  co.  the 
other  in  that  of  Cumberland. 

Middletoivn,  a  poft  town  in  Frederick 
CO.  Maryland,  lies  nearly  8  miles  W  N 
"VV  of  Frederickftown. 

Middletoivn,  in  Dorchefler  co.  Mary- 
land, is  about  5  miles  N  of  the  Cedar 
Landing  Place,  on  Tranfquaking  Creek  ; 
7  wefterly  of  Vienna,  and  8^  N  W  of 
Cambridge. 

Midland  B'tp'iR,  in  U.  Canada,  was 
originally  erected  into  a  diftridT:  by  the 
name  of  the  diftridt  of  Mecklenburg,  in 
the  province  of  Quebec,  by  Lord  Dor- 
chefter's  proclamation,  of  the  24th  of 
July  1788;  it  received  its  prefent  name 
by  an  a<a  of  the  provincial  legiflature; 
is  bounded  on  the  E  by  a  meridian  paf- 
fmg  through  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ga- 
nanoqui ;  on  the  S  by  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence and  Ontario ;  on  the  W  by  a  me- 
ridian pafTmg  through  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Trent,  at  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Quinte  ;  and  on  the  N  by  the  Ottawa 
river.      Smyth. 

Midivav,  a  village  in  Liberty  co.  Gcor- 
jjia,  .^o  miles  S  of  Savannah,  and  10  miles 
N  W  of  Sunbury.  Its  inhabitants  are 
Congregationalifts,  and  are  the  defcen- 
dants  of  emigrants  from  Dorchcfi'cr  near 
Bofton,  in  New  England,  who  migrated 
as  early  as  1700. 

Alidtvayi  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  E  of  and   adioining  Rutland. 

Mifflin^  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  furroun- 
ded  by  Lycoming,  Franklin,  Cumberland, 
Northumberland,  Dauphin,  and  Hunting- 
«iGii  counties.    It  contains  1,851  fquare 


\  miles,  1,184,960  acres,  and  is  divided  irt- 
1  to  8  townfliips.     The  mountains  in   this 
I  county  abound  with  iron  ore,  for   the 
i  manufadturing  of  which,  feveral  forges 
j  have  been  erecSted.     It  is   well  watered 
by  the  Juniatta,  and  other  ftreams  which 
empty  into  the  Sufquehannah,     In  this 
CO.  are  feveral  mineral  fprings,  and  abun- 
dance of  limeftone.     This  co.  and  Center 
contain     13,609    people.      Chief  town, 
Lewiflown. 

Mijp.in,  a  fmall  town  in  the  above  co. 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  Tuniatta  ;  12  miles 
E  of  Lewiftovvn,  ana  138  from  Philadel- 
phia.    Here  is  a  poft  office. 

MigHtty  Fort,  in  Pennfylvania,  is  fltua- 
tcd  on  a  fmall  ifland,  at  the  mouth  of 
Schuylkill  river,  about  6  miles  S  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

MiffAnburg.,  a  poft  town  of  Northum- 
berland CO.  Penfylvania,  218  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Milejbury.,2L  poft  town,  Mifflin  co.  Penn*^ 
fylvania,  262  miles  from  Wafhington. 

iVfi7/orfl',a  townfliip  in  Mifflin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Milford,  a  fmall  town  in  Worccfter  co. 
MafTachufetts,  i8  miles  from  Worcefter, 
34  from  Bofton,  containing  907  inhabi- 
tants. 

Milford,  a  poft  town  of  the  State  of 
Delaware,  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  N 
fide  of  Mufpilion  Creek,  about  1 2  mile* 
W  of  its  mouth  in  Delaware  Bay,  19  S 
by  E  of  Dover,  7  S  of  Frcderica,  and  95 
S'by  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  up- 
wards of  lOO  houfes,  all  builtfince the  war, 
except  one.  The  inhabitants  are  Epifco- 
palians,  Quakers  and  Methodifts. 

Milford^  a  town  of  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  laid  out  on  the  N  W  fide  of 
the  Delaware,  on  a  lofty  fitua,tion,  at 
Well's  Ferry,  120  miles  above  Philadel- 
phia. In  front  of  the  town,  which  con- 
tains as  yet  only  a  few  houfes,  the  river 
forms  a  cove  Avell  fitted  for  flieltering 
boats  and  lumber  in  ftorms,  or  frefliets  in 
the  river.  A  faw  mill  and  paper  mill 
have  been  eredted  here;  the  latter  be- 
longs to  Mr.  Biddis,  who  has  difcovered 
the  method  of  making  paper  and  pafte- 
board  by  fubftituting  a  large  proportion 
of  faAv-duft  in  the  compofition. 

Milford,  a  poft-town  of  ConnecSlicut, 
on  Long-Ifland  Sound, and  in  New-Haven 
CO.  13  miles  S.  W.  of  New-Haven,  and 
eaft  of  Stratford.  The  mouth  of  the 
creek  on  which  it  ftands  has  3  fathoms 
water.  This  town  was  called  JEopoivage 
by  the  Indians,  and  was  fettled  in  1632. 

It 


M  X  L 


M  I  L 


tt  contains  an  fipifcopal  church,  an<d  2 
Conpregational  churches. 

Milford  Hafjen,  a  deep  bay  on  the 
coaft  of  Nova-Scotia,  to  the  S'W,  round 
the  point  of  the  ftrait  of  Canfo.  It  re- 
ceives fevcfal  rivers  fronx  the  N  W  and 
S  W. 

Miliquean  Creei,  in  U.  Canada,  running 
liortherly,  difcharges  itfclf  into  Lake  Sim- 
coe,  and  is  now  called  Holland's  River. 

Military  Toivnjhi^s,  in  the  State  of  N. 
York.  The  legiflciture  of  the  State  grant- 
ed one  milhon  and  a  half  acres  of  land,  as 
9.  gratuity  to  the  officers  and  foldiers  of 
the  line  of  this  State.  This  trad,  form 
ing  the  county  of  Onondago,  is  bounded 
\V  by  the  eafl  fliore  of  the  Seneca  Lake, 
and  the  county  of  Ontario  ;  N  by  the  part 
«f  Lake  Ontario  near  Fort  Ofwcgo ;  S  hy 
Tioga  CO.  and  E  by  Chenanf'p  co.  I'his 
has  been  fettling  by  the  New-England  peo- 
ple very  rapidly  fmce  the  peace.  This 
pkafant  county  is  divided  into  ^s  town- 
lliips  of  60,000  acres  each,  which  are  a- 
gain  fubdividcd  into  100  conX'^enient 
farms,  of  600  acres  ;  making  in  the  whole 
2,500  farms,  well  watered  by  a  multitude 
t)f  fniall  lakes  and  rivers. 

The  refervcd  lan^s  cmbofomed  in  this 
lra6t,  are  as  follow:  a  traft  about  171 
miles  long,  and  10  broad,  including  the 
northern  part  of  the  lake  Cayuga >  which 
]ies  in  the  centre  of  it,  to  the  Cayuga  In- 
dians. The  Indians  h-ave  a  village  on 
each  fide  of  the  Like  ;  and  the  ferry  at  the 
north  end  lies  in  lat.  4a  54  14  north. 
Connoga  Caftle  is  about  3  miles  fouth  of 
the  ferry,  on  the  eafl  Tide  of  Lake  Cayuga. 
The  Onondago  Refer vation  is  uniformly 
tr  miles  long,  and  9  broad;  bounded 
north  by  the  Public  Relervntion,  aud 
part  of  the  townfliipf  of  Manlius  and 
Camillus  :  A  very  fmall  part  of  tlic  fouth 
end  of  Salt  Lake  is  within  the  Refcrv^a- 
lion.  The  Salt  Spring,  and  the  Salt  Lake, 
with  a  fmall  portion  of  ground  on  each 
fide,  is  refervcd-by  the  State  ;  its  greateft 
length  is  6^  miles,  and  the  greateft  breadth 
of  the  Refervation  3^4 

Miller,  Fott,  is  on  the  E  Ude  of  Hud- 
fon's  river,  41  milts  north  of  Albany. 
Here  are  the  falls  which  Gtn.  Putnam  de- 
fcended  in  a  boat,  on  which  are  feveral 
mills.  It  has  its  name  from  a  little  mud  fort 
formerly  built  here  againO:  the  Indians. 

M'file  Roches^  jjlc  aii^  in  U.  Canada  con- 
tains from  fjx  to  feven  hundred  acres  ; 
the  foil  is  good  ;  it  lies  partly  above  and 
partly  parallel  to  Ille  Chelal  Ecarte,  in 
the  river  St.  Li>vrence. 

T  T 


A-I/llet^s,  or  Payqunge,  a  river  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  which  runs  W  by  S  and  faUs 
into  Conne(fbicut  river,  between  North- 
field  and  Montague.  It  is  a  beautiful 
ftream,  though  in  fome  places  very  rap- 
id. Its  chief  fource  is  in  Monomenock 
pond  in  Rindge,  New-Hampiliire,  and 
partly  in  Winchendon  ;  the  other  ih 
Naukheagpond  in  Ailiburnham.  Thefc, 
with  various  flreams  unite  in  Winchen- 
don, and  form  M.llcr's  river. 

Miller's,  SL  fcttiement  in  Kentucky,  on 
a  branch  of  Licking  nvtr,  ji  miles  north- 
caft  of  Lexington. 

Miller  s-Totvn,  in  Nortli?imptcn  CO. 
Pennfylvania,  is  plc-afantly  fiiuatcd  on  a 
branch  of  Little  Lehigh  river  :  a6  mile* 
8  W  of  Eafton,  and  47  N  W  by  N  of  Phil- 
adclplua.     It  contains  about  40  houfts. 

MUler's-Toivn.      See  An-jillt. 

Miller'' s-  Tiixvfty  in  Shenandoah  co.  Vir- 
ginia, 3^  miifs  fouth  of  V/inthefler. 
Two  or  three  miles  from  this  place  is  the 
narrow  Pals,  formed  by  the  Shenandorih 
river  on  one  fidc;,  and  a  fmall  brook 
on  the  other.  It  is  about  a  rod  and  a. 
half  wide,  and  a  or  3  long;  on  each/lldc 
is  a  bank  of  about  JOO  feet  high. 

Milles  IJles^  L's,  in  the  river  Sr.  Law* 
rence,  in  U.  Canada,  are  a  group  of  fmall 
illands,  lying  oppofite  the  townfliips  of 
Leeds  and  Lanfdown. 

M^ll  J/lcmfly  near  the  N  W  end  of  Had- 
fon's  Straits  ;  N  N  W  of  NotMnghani 
Ifland,  and  S  by  E  of  Cape  Comfort,  but 
nearer  to  the  latter.  N  lat.  64  2^,  W 
long.  80  30. 

Mill/lone,  a  fouth  branch  of  Rarlton 
river,  in  N.  Jerfey. 

Mill/lone,  a  pleafant  rural  village,  fituat*" 
ed  on  the  river  of  its  name,  14  miles  N  of 
Princeton,  in  N.  Jtricy,  containing  thd 
feat  of  General  Frelinghuyfon,  and  for- 
merly the  county  town  of  Someriet. 
Here  is  a  port  ofHce. 

Millto'wn^  in  the  Stare  of  Delaware, 
two  miles  from  V,''!'mir;2fon. 

Milltoivn,  in  Northumberland  CO.  Fenn- 
fylvduia,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  W  branch 
of  Sufquehannah  river,  containing  about 
60  houfes,  and  14  miles  N  by  W  of  Sun* 
bury. 

Milhille,  a  poPc  town,  Cumberland  cO. 
N.  Jerfey,  198  miles  N  E  from  Walhing* 
ton. 

iVlilltvoid^  a  pofl  town,  Frederick  co. 
Virgin!-i,68  miies  from  Waihingcon. 

M'.ltort,  a  townfliip  in  Chittenden  co. 
Vermont,  fituated  on  the  call  fide  or  Lake 
ChampiainjOppofitc  t«  South  Hero  lIl-irtcL 

It 


M  m 


M  I  R 


ft  is  divided  into  nearly  equal  parts  by 
La  Moille  River,  whicli  empties  into  the 
lake  in  Colchclter,  near  the  S  line  of  Mil- 
ton. The  towniliip  contains  786  inhab- 
itants. 

Miltpn,  the  UncataquiJTctt,  or  Unquciy  of 
the  ancient  Indians,  a  poft  town  in  Nor- 
folk CO.  MafTachufetts  ;  adjoining  to  Dor- 
chefter,  from  which  it  is  partly  feparattd 
by  Neponfet  R.  noted  for  the  excellent 
quality  of  its  water.  It  is  7  miles  S  of 
Bofton,  and  contains  1143  inhabitants,  3 
paper  mills,  and  a  chocolate  mill.  It  was 
incorporated  in  i66z.  Milton  hill  affords 
one  of  the  fineft  profpccts  in  America. 

Milton,  a  town  in  the  co.  of  Saratoga 
in  N.  York.     It  has  21:^3  inhabitants. 

Milton,  a  port  town  in  Cayuga  co.  N. 
York,  iituated  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  near  its  fouthern  extremity  ;  40 
miles  N  of  Tioga  river,  and  ax  S  by  E  of 
the  ferry  on  the  N  end  of  Cayuga  Lake. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1794.  it  has  ISSl 
inhabitants. 

Milton,  a  fmall  poft  town  in  Albemarle 
CO.  Virginia,  firuated  on  the  S  W  fide  of 
the  Rivanna,  about  So  miles  N  W  by  W 
of  Richmond.  It  has  about  ao  houfes  and 
a  ware-houfe  for  the  infpcdlion  of  tobac- 
co. 

Milton,  a  poft  town,  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  ixp  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Minas,  Bafm  of,  or  Lcs  Mines  Bay, {omt- 
times  alfo  called  Le  Grand  Fraye  ;  is  a 
gulf  on  the  S  E  fide  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
into  wliich  its  waters  oaf;  by  a  narrow 
ftrait  and  fct  up  into  Nnva-Scotia  in  an  E 
ard  S  direction.  It  is  about  30  leagues 
from  the  entrance  of  Annapolis,  and  ten 
from  the  bottom  of  Bedford  Bay.  It  is  la 
leagues  in  length  and  3  iu  bre<adth.  See 
£ajm  of  M-nas. 

Minas,  or  JDe  las  Minas  Hill,  is  the  mid- 
dlemoR  of  the  three  hills,  dtfcribtd  as 
marks  within  land  for  Bonaventura  Bay 
and  river,  on  the  coafl  of  Peru,  in  ?.  A- 
merica  :  thefe  are  S  of  Pc-.nama  Bay,  and 
in  N  lat.  3  20,  W  ion.  7518. 

Minatte  Ife,  dc,  on  the  N  coaft  of  lake 
Superior  in  U.  Canada,  is  fituated  near 
to,  and  erilerly  of  the  Grand  Pouage, 
extending  to  Thunder  B;^y. 

Mindtn,  a  poft  town,  Montgomery  co. 
K.  York,  47  x  n.itcs  from  Walliington. 

M'neau  l'ef,ux  Iron  AUnes,  on  the  Eafl: 
fide  of  Miililippi  R.  is  67  miles  N  bv  E  of 
ChickafawR.and  13  .S!>y  E  ofOhio,'  Here 
the  land  1&  nearly  fimilar  in  quality  to 
tli*it  bordering  on  the  Chickafaw  river, 


interfperfed  with  gradual  riGngs  cr  fmail 
eminences.  There  was  a  poll  at  this  place, 
near  the  former  S  boundary  of  Virginisi 

Minehead,  a  townfliip  in  Effez  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  CounecSticut  river.  It  is  water- 
ed by  Nul began  river,  and  has  only  27 
inhabitants. 

Miiigun  Tfliinds,  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  N  lat. 
50  15,  W  long.  63  25. 

Mingo  Tifiun,  an  Indian  town  on  the 
W  bank  of  the  Ohio  river,  86  miles  N  E 
of  Will's  Town,  by  the  Indian  Path,  and 
40  fouth-welleriy  of  Pittfburg.  Ir  (lands 
a  few  miles  up  a  fmall  creek,  where  there 
are  fprings  that  yield  the^trel,  a  bitumin- 
ous liquid. 

Mingoes,  an  Indian  nation  who  inhabit 
near  the  foulhcrn  bici;icli  of  the  Sciota  R. 
Warriors,  50. 

Minifvk,  a  village  in  N.  Jerfey,  on  the 
N  W  corner  of  the  State,  and  on  the  W 
fide  of  Delaware  R.  -,  about  5  miles  below 
Montague,  and  57  N  W  of  Brunfwick. 

Miniftnh,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  bounded  eafterly  by  the  Wallkill, 
and  foutherly  by  the  State  of  N.  Jerfey. 
It  contains  3594  inhabitants. 

Miquelon,^  fmaH^defert  ifiand,  8  miles 
S  W  of  Cape  May  in  Newfoundland  111.. 
It  is  the  moft  wtflerly  of  what  have  been, 
called  the  3  iflands  of  St.  Pierre  or  St.  Ps- 
ter,  and  is  not  fo  high  as  the  other  2  ;  its 
foil  is  very  indifferent,  and  it  is  not  more 
than  three-fourths  of  a  league  in  length. 
There  is  a  palTage  or  channel  from  the  W 
along  by  the  N  end  of  this  ifland  into  For- 
tune Bay,  on  the  S  coaft;  of  Newfoundland. 
K  lat.  47  4,  W  long.  3S  55.  It  is  fome- 
times  called  Magudon. 

Mita^o<ine,  a  town  on  the  N.  fide  of  the 
S  peninfula  of  the  iflnnd  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  S  fide  of  the  Bight  of  Leogane,  at 
the  head  of  a  bay  of  its  name.  It  is  on 
the  road  from  Jeremie  to  Port  an  Prince, 
about  31  leagues  E  by  S  of  the  former, 
and  23  V/  by  S  of  the  latter.  N  lat.  18 
27. 

MiramaJji,  OT  Miracbi,  a  pott,  bay  and' 
river  on  the  N  E  coafl:  of  N.  Brunlwick. 
The  port  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
The  entrance  into  the  bay  is  very  wide  ; 
it  has  Point  Portage  for  its  northern  en- 
trance, and  its  fouthern  fide  is  formed  by 
£fcuminax  Point,  wliich  is  S^  miles  N  £ 
of  Shediac  harlxmr,  and  34  SE  of  the 
mouth  of  Nipifighit  ri^cr,  which  empties 
into  Clmkur  Bay.  There  is  a  falnion 
fifliery  in  Miramachi  river. 

Mray  Bay,  Oil   the  coaft  of  the  ifland 

of 


M  I  S 


M  I  S 


«F  Cape  Breton,  is  to  the  S  from  "Moru  n-  ', 
ne    Bay.      Large  vclTcls   may  go    up    6  ' 
leagues,  and   have  good  ancbotage,  and  ; 
iie  iccure  from  all  winds.     N  lat.  46  5, 
W  long.  59  49  I 

Mirel/aluis,  an  interior  town  in  the  I 
FFench  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  ' 
iz  leagues  N  of  Port  an  Prince,  on  the  j 
road  from  that  city  to  "S'arettts  ;  from  \ 
^vhich  laft  it  is  14  leagues  S  E.  j 

Mi/octhim^  a  fmall  tribe  of  Indians  who  j 
inhabit  between  Lake  Michigan  and  the  [ 
Mifliiippi.  I 

Mj/ery,  an  ifie  hetween  Salem  and  Cape  ■ 
Ann,  in  MafTachulVtts.  i 

Ali/lo,  an  idand  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Cha-  j 
leur  Bay,  at  its  month.  j 

Mijjojfaga  Ijlavd  lies  oppofite  the  mouth  ; 
of  the  river  Trtnt  in  U.Canada,  and  al)Out 
the  fame  diflance  from  the  portage  at  the  , 
licad  of  the  hay  of  Quinti.  Smyth.       ^ 

Mijfajjjga    Point.,   \\\    the    townlllip     of  ' 

Newark,  in  U.Canada,  lies  on  the  \V  fide  '. 
of  the  entrance  of  Niagara  R.  and  oppo-  : 
lite  to  the  fortrefs  of  Niagara.       Smyth.       \ 

MiJJajj'aga  River.,  in  U.  Canada,  runs  in- 
to Lake  Huron,  between  le  Serpent  and  1 
Thefl'alcn  rivers,  on   the  N  iliore.     See  , 
J\'IeJfjf agues.  Smyth.        j 

Mijfiiiabe  Lake,  \fi  N.  America,  Idt  48.  ! 
29  42  N,  and  long.  84  a  42  W.  j 

MlJJinabe  Hoitfe  is  fituattd  on  the  E  fide  1 
of  Moofe  river,  8  miles  from  Miflinabt  j 
lake,  and  80  W  by  S  of  Frederick  Honfe ;  ! 
and  is  a  flation  belonging  to  the  Hudfon  [ 
Bay  Company.  I 

M'lJJlquoJh  Ri-vir.  Nova  Scotia  and  N.  j 
Brunlwick  provinces  are  feparated  by  \ 
the  feveral  windings  of  this  river,  from  \ 
its  confluence  with  Beau  Bafin  (at  the  ! 
head  of  Chignetfto  channel)  to  its  rife  or  I 
main'fourLe;  and  from  thence  by  a  due  j 
E  line  to  the  bay  of  Verte,  in  the  ftraits  ! 
of  Northumberland.  See  N.  Brurfivuk.       j 

Mijftfcoui.      See  Michifcouic. 

M/Jpf:ppi   River.      This    noble    river,  ' 
which,  with  its  eaftern  branches,  waters  ' 
five-eighths  of  the  United  States,  forms  1 
their  wcflern   boundary,   and   feparates  | 
them  from  Louifiana.     It  rifes  in  White  | 
Bear  Lake,  lat.  48  15  N,  long.  98  30  W.  I 
The  tributary  dreams  which  fall  into  it  ' 
from  the  W  and  E   are  numerous,  the    j 
largefl  of  which  are   the   MilTouri  from 
the  weft,  and  the  Illinois,  Ohio,  and  Ten- 
neflce  from  the  E.     The  country  on  both 
fides  of  the  Miffifippi,  and   on  its  tribu- 
tary ftreams,  is  equal  in  goodnefs  to  any 
in  N.  America,     'i'his  river  is  navigable 
to  St.  Anthony's  Falls  without  any  ob- 


■flrudlicn.  ard  fomc  travellers  defcrllie  it 
as  navigable  above  them.'  On  both  fides 
of  this  river  are  fait  fprings  or  licks, 
Avhich  produce  txcellent  fait ;  and  on  its 
hr;^nclits  are  innumerable  fuch  fprings. 
Befides  the  coal  mines  in  the  upper  parts 
of  the  Ohio  country,  there  are  great 
quantities  of  coal  on  the  upper  branches 
of  tills  river.  Some  account  of  the  valu- 
able prodij<5tions  on  the  banks  of  this 
majcflic  river,  and  tl)e  lands  which  its 
branches  water,  will  he  ieen  under  the 
defcription  of  Louifiana,  Weft  Florida, 
Ter.nelTte,  Georgia,  &c.  &c.  An  ifiand  of 
confiderable  fizc  is  formed  by  its  mouths, 
befides  many  fmallf  r  ifles,  Thcfe  mouths 
are  fituattd  between  the  latitude  of  29 
and  3.0  N,  and  between  the  longitude  of 
89  and  90  W.     See  BoUze. 

M'rjfijippi  territory.,  Thp^  is  forniird  cf 
the  weftern  part  of  the  State  of  Georgia, 
and  is  bounded  N  by  Tenneflee,  W  by 
the  Miflifippi  river,  S  by  W.  Florida,  E 
by  the  Appalachicola  and  Flint  rivers. 
The  principal  part  of  this  country  is  in- 
habited by  tlie  Creek,  Chadtaw,  Chicka- 
faw  aTid  Cherokee  nations  of  Indians.  It 
was  ercv^ed  into  a  Territorial  government 
in  1800,  and  divided  into  three  counties, 
viz. 

Inhah. 
Wafliington,  1250 

Pickering,  2940 

Adams,  4660 


Tot  J 


88  <o, 


whic!i  number,  3489  are  flaves.  NatclfH 
is  the  capital.  'I'his  country  is  water- 
ed by  many  fine  rivers,  ajid  contains 
large  trails  of  fome  of  the  beft  land 
in  the  United  States.  In  Jan.  7, 1795,  the 
State  of  Georgia  fold  about  30,000,000 
acres  of  this  Territory,  and  afterwards 
wickedly  burnt  the  records  of  the  tranf- 
adlicn..  The  bufinefs  is  in  a  train  of  ad- 
jnftment  before  a  Board  of  CommiflTioners 
of  the  United  States. 

Mijjouri  River,  in  LoTiifiana,  falls  into 
the  Mifljfippi  from  the  weftward,  18 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois,  195 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  about 
1 160  miles  from  the  Balize,  or  mouths 
of  the  Miflifippi  in  the  gulf  of  Mexico. 
Hutchins  favs  it  is  navigable  1300  mile?, 
and  larger  than  the  Miflifippi. 

MiJfQurisy  one  of  the  Indian  nations 
who  inhabit  the  banks  of  the  above  riv- 
er, having,  it  is  faid,  1500  warrior^. 

MyJake  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  Wfide 
of  the  entrance  of  Davi&'s  iitraits,  and 

to 


MOB 


M  0  H 


to  the  N  of  riiiclfon's  Straits;  from  ; 
which  it  is  feparated  by  a  peninfula  | 
of  the  N  main  on  the  W,  and  Rtfo-  \ 
lution  Ifland  on  the  S.  It  is  to  the  j 
N  E  of  Nieva  Illand,  and  N  W  of  Capq  j 
EHzabeth.  j 

Mtjlulen  Cnpe,  the  S  point  of  the  eaft- 
crnmofl  of  the   Hermit's  Iflands,  is  about  i 
3  leagues  E  N  E  from  Cape  Horn,  at  the  ! 
extremity  of  S.  America.     Between  thtl'e 
it    i.s   fuppofed    there  is  a    pr^-ilage   into  i 
NaiTau  Bay..  I 

M'Jiaien  Point,  to  the  Aveftward  (jf  Cape  ' 
Race,   at  the  S  E  point  of  the  Ifiand  of 
Newfoundland,  and   to   thfc  eaO^ward  of  ; 
Gape  Pine,  is  fo  called  becaufe  it  has  been  | 
frequently  miftaken  by  feamen   for  Ciipe 
Race  u  hen  they  fird:  make  the  ifland  from 
the  fouthward,  though  it  is  2  leagues  W  , 
J^  W  from  it.  i 

M'lfiic^  or  Mylluy  a  fliort  river  which  i 
falls  into  the  N  fide  of  BoHon  harl>oui, 
by  a  broad  mouth  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
peninfula  of  Charlcftown.      It  is  naviga- 
ble for  fioops   4    miles  to  the  induflrious 
town  of  Medford  ;  and  is  croiTcd,  a  mile 
above  its  mouth,   by  a  bridge  130  rods  ; 
in  length,  and   by  another  at  its  mouth, 
The  Middlcfex  canal  connects  this  river  ' 
with  the  Merrimack.  ■ 

MitcbdVs  EdJy,  the  firf^  falls  of  Merri-  ! 
mack  river,  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
8  above  Haverhill.     Thus  far  it  is  navi-  ; 
gable  for  fliips  of  burden. 

Ivlitcbi^iimas,    an    Indian    nation,    who 
with  the  Piorias  inhabit  near  the  fettle-  j 
tnyits  in  the  Illinois  country*.  See  Piorias. 

Mocgis  JJaticIs,  on  the  N  coaft  of  S.  - 
America,  in  the  entrance  of  the  Guif  of  , 
Venezuela.  They  extend  frcmi  N  to  S,  i 
and  lie  W  of  the  ifland  of  Aruba  ;  are  8  \ 
or  9  in  number,  and  all,  except  one,  low,  j 
flat  and  full  of  trees,  The  fouthcrnraoft 
is  the  largcft.  j 

Mobilt,  a  lar^e  navigable  river,  formed  | 
by  two  main  branches,  the  Alabama,  and  j 
Tombeckbce,  in  the  fouthwcftcrn  part  of  : 
Georgia,  juft  below  a  confiderable  ifland,  , 
the  S  point  of  which  is  in  about  lat.  31  ; 
a6  N,  and  long.  87  $s  W.  Thence  pur-  '' 
fuing  a  S  courfeinto  W.  Florida, the  con-  '\ 
fluent  flre«im  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  j 
at  Mobile  Point  in  lat.  30  17  N,  11  leagues  ; 
below  the  town  of  Mobile.  Large  veficls  I 
cannot  go  within  7  miles  of  the  town,  1 
The  breadth  of  the  bay  is  in  general  aboui  i 
3  or  4  leagues.  Vaft  numbers  of  large  1 
adiigators  balk  on  the  fliores,  as  well  as 
(wim  in  the  rivers  and  lagoons.  See  I 
i^r^iay  Alabajna^   Tombsckbee,  &.c.     From  1 


the  nortiieaRern  fowrce  of  the  waters  of 
the  Alabama  to  Mobile  Point,  at  the 
mouth  of  lVri)bilc  Bay,  is,  according  to. 
the  befl  maps,  about  4C0  miles  :  large 
boats  can  navigate  350  miles,  and  canoes 
much  farther. 

Mobile,  a  lity  of  W.  Florida,  formerly 
of  eoniidcrable  fpiendor  and  importance, 
but  now  in  a  fhite  of  decline.  It  is  pret-? 
ty  regular,  of  an  oblong  jigMr€,-aiid  iitua- 
ted  on  tlie  W  bank  of  the  river.  The 
Bay  of  Mobile  terminates  a  little  to  the 
northeafb.vard  of  the  town,  in  a  number 
of  marflies  and  lagoons  ;  which  fubjee'c  the- 
people  to  fevers  and  agues  in  the  hoc 
feafon.  It  is  33  miles  N  of  Mobile  Point, 
alxjut  40  below  the  jundlion  of  the  two, 
principal  iiranches  of  Mobile  river,  and 
30  W^  N  W  of  Penfacola.  There  are 
many  very  elegant  houfcs  here,  inhabited 
by  French,  Englifli,  Scotch,  and  Irifli, 
Fort  Conde,  which  fliands  very  near  the 
bay,  towaids  the  lower  end  of  the  town, 
is  a  regular  fortrefs  of  brick;  and  there 
is  a  neat  fquare  of  barracks  for  the  offi- 
cers and  foiditrs.  Mobile,  when  in  pof- 
feflion  of  the  Britifli,  fcnt  yearly  to  Lon- 
don fkins  and  furs  to  the  value  of  from 
12  to  £15,000  fieri ing.  It  furrendered  to|, 
theSpanifli  forces  in  1780, 

M^'jock  Bay,  fets  up  N  W  from  Chef-, 
apeak  Bay,  into  Gloucefler  co.  Virginia,^ 
on  the  N  fide  of  York  river. 

Mocoa,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma,S.  Amert 
ica,  fituated  at  the  main  fource  of  Oro- 
noko  river,  there  called  bnirchia. 

MocoKioko,  or  LHtli  Oj-'^noko,  a  river  to.. 
the  S  E  of  the  great  river  Oronoko,  on 
the  E  coaf>  of  S.  America,  4  leagues  wef^. 
ward  of  Amacum. 

Mader  and  Daughters  IJlands,  a  long 
ifland  2  leagues  5  by  S  of  the  Father,  or 
Vaader  Ifland,  with  2  fmall  ones,fo  call- 
ed, near  Cayenne,  on  the  E  coaft  of  S. 
America,  not  far  from  the  Conftables^ 
and  in  about  lat.  5  N,  h-^ng-  5^  W. 

M'gljulbi-ghkiitVi,  or  Muhulbv.cltitvtn^  Z. 
creek  which  runs  wcftward  to  Alleghany 
river,  in  PeunlVlvania.  It  is  naffable  in 
flat-bottomed  boats  to  the  fcttlements  in 
Norfhrmberiand  couaty.  Wlveeiing  is  its 
northern  branch. 

J^IoLaiLji  Bay,  in  Frederickfburg,  Upper- 
Canada,  lies  oppofite  to  the  Mohawk  let- 
tkment,  and  dole  to  the  mouth  of  the 
river  ApP'^t-nt^e. 

Mobuivi^  li^vcr,  in  N.  York,  rifcs  to  the 
northward  of  Fort  Stauwix, about  Smiles 
from  Black,  or  Sable  R.  a  water  of  Lake 
Ontario,  and  runs  fouthwardly  20  niilea, 


M  O  H 


M  O  H 


to  the  fort,  then  eaftward  no  miles,  and 
after  rcceivingmany  tributary  ftreams, falls 
into  Hudfon's  river,  by  three  mouths  op- 
pofite  to  the  cities  of  Laniinburgh  and 
Troy,from7  to  lomilts No! Albany.  The 
produce  that  is  conveyed  down  this  riv- 
tr  ib  landed  at  Schenct5lady,  on  its  S  bank, 
and  is  thence  conveyed  by  land  16  miles, 
pver  a  barren,  fandy,  flirub  plain,  to  Al- 
bany. It  is  in  contemplation  either  to 
cut  a  canal  from  ScheneiSlady  to  the  nav- 
igable waters  of  Hudfon's  river,  or  to  ef- 
tablifli  a  turnpike  road  between  Schenec- 
tady and  Albany.  This  fine  river  i^  now 
xiavigable  for  boats,  from  Schenec5lady, 
;iearly  or  quite  to  its  fource,  the  locks 
and  canals  round  the  Little  Falls,  j6 
mile|  above  Albany,  having  been  com- 

Elcted  in  the  Autumn  of  1795;  fo  that 
oats  full  loaded  now  pafs  them.  The 
canal  round  them  is  nearly  |  of  a  mile, 
cut  almotl:  the  whole  diflance  through 
an  uncommonly  hard  rock.  The  open- 
ing of  thiii  navigation  is  of  great  advan- 
tage to  the  commerce  of  the  State.  A 
fl^ore  of  at  Icaft  looo  milts  in  length  is, 
in  confcqucnce  of  it,  waflied  by  boatable 
waters,  exclufive  of  all  the  great  lakes  ; 
and  many  miliiona  of  acres  of  excellent 
tillage  land,  rapidly  fettling,  are  accom- 
modated Avith  water  communication  for 
conveying  their  produce  to  market.  The 
intervals  on  both  fides  of  this  river  are 
of  various  width;  and,  now  and  then  in- 
terrupted by  the  projection  of  the  hills 
quite  to  the  banks  of  the  river,  are  fomc 
of  the  richeft  and  beft  lands  in  the  world. 
The  fine  farms  which  embrace  thefe  in- 
tervals, are  owned  and  cultivated  princi- 
pally by  Dutch  people,  whofe  mode  of 
managing  them  would  admit  of  great  im- 
provement. Tlie  manure  of  their  barns 
they  coniidcr  as  a  nuifance,  and  inftcad  of 
Spreading  it  on  their  upland,  which  they 
think  of  little  value,  (their  meadow  lands 
do  not  require  it)  they  either  let  it  remain 
for  years  in  heaps,  and  remove  their 
barns  when  accefs  to  them  becomes  diffi- 
cult, or  elfe  throw  it  into  the  river,  or  the 
gullies  and  ftreams  Avhich  communicate 
with  it,  The  banks  of  this  river  were 
formerly  thickly  fettled  with  Indians. 
At  the  period  \vhcn  Albany  was  fiifi  fet- 
tled, it  has  been  fi;id  by  refpecHiable  au- 
thority, that  there  were  800  warriors  in 
Schenediady  ;  and  that  3C0  warriors  liv- 
ed within  a  fpace  which  is  now  occupied 
98  one  farm.  The  Cohoez  in  this  river 
^re  a  great  curiofity  ;  they  are  3  miles 
from  its  cntrar-ce  into  the  Kudloii.    The 


river  is  about  1000  feet  wide  ;  the  rock 
over  which  it  pours,  as  over  a  mill.dam, 
extends  from  S  W  to  N  E  almofl:  in  a  line 
from  one  lide  of  the  river  to  the  other, 
and  is  about  40  feet  perpendicular  height> 
and  including  the  defcent  above,  the  fall 
is  as  much  as  60  or  70  feet.  About  a 
mile  below  the  falls,  is  a  handfome  bridge, 
finiflied  in  July,  i795'  It  is  iioo  feet  in 
length,  24  in  breadth,  and  15  feet  above 
the  bed  of  the  river,  which  for  the  moft 
part  is  rock,  and  is  fuppoitcd  by  thirteen 
Ibiid  (lone  pillars.  Including  the  expcnfc 
of  cutting  through  a  ledge  on  the  N  E 
fide  of  the  river,  it  cod  12,000  dollars. 
It  is  now  out  of  repair.  The  river  im- 
mediately below  the  bridge  divides  into 
three  branches,  w  hich  form  feveral  large 
iilands.  The  branches  arc  fordable  at 
low  water,  but  are  dangerous.  From  the 
bridge  you  have  a  f-ne  view  of  the  Co- 
hoez  on  the  N  W. 

Muhaiuk,  or  Coaiquago,  a  branch  of  Del- 
aware river.  Its  courfc  from  its  fource  in 
Lake  Utfayanthe  is  S  W  45  miles,  thence 
S  E  12  miles,  when  it  mingles  with  the 
Popachton  branch;  thence  the  confluent 
if  ream  is  cabled  Delaware. 

Mobaivi,  formerly  a  town  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  river  of  its  name,  in  Montgomery 
CO,  N.  York,  fituatcd  in  one  »f- the  moft 
fertile  countries  in  the  world;.-  It  was 
abandoned  by  the  Mohawk  Indians  in 
the  fpring  of  1780,  See  Hunter  Fort^ztid 
Florida, 

Mobuivis,  an  Indian  nation,  acknowl- 
edged by  the  other  tribes  of  the  Six  Na- 
tions to  be  *'  the  true  old  heads  of  the 
confederacy."  They  were  formerly  very 
powerful,  and  inhabited  on  Mohawk  riv- 
er. As  they  were  flrongly  attached  to 
the  Johnfon  family,  on  account  of  Sir 
William  Johnfon,  a  part  of  them  emigra- 
ted to  Canada  with  Sir  John  Johnfon,  as 
early  as  the  year  1776.  About  300  of 
this  nation  now  refide  in  Upper  Canada. 
See  Hunter  Fort,  and  Six  Nations^ 

Mthaivi  Stttlement^  bay  of  Quinti,  V. 
Canada  is  W  of  Richmond,  and  compre- 
hended between  the  river  Shannon  and 
Bowen's  creek. 

Mvhaivk  Village,  on  the  Grand  River, 
or  Oufc  in  Upper  Canada,  is  the  princi- 
pal village  of  the  Six  N?.tions,  in  the  tradl 
purchafed  from  the  Miflaffaga  nation  for 
them  by  his  prefent  majefty,  on  account 
of  their  loyalty  and  attachment  during 
the  late  revolution,  in  which  they  loft 
their  p(^frtfRons  on  the  Mohawk  river. 
Thistraifl  is  100  miles  long,  and  lawide, 
iiUerfetSled 


M  o  r 


M  O  N 


rirfcrfcifled  by  Grand  River,  from  its 
mouth  in  Lake  Erie  upwards.  .This  is 
the  refidence  of  their  principal  chief, 
C.apt.  Jofeph  Brant.  The  village  is  beau- 
tifuliy  fituated,  has  a  neat  church  with  a 
fleeple,  a  fchool  houfe,  and  a  rou.icil 
litoufe ;  and  not  far  from  it  is  a  grift  and 
faw  mill,  ^llefe  byildings  have  for  the 
mofl:  part  been  erciltd  by  government, 
who  now  pay  a  miller,  fchoolmafler,  and 
a  hiackfmith,for  their  fervices  at  the  vil- 
lage ;  and  the  fociety  for  propagating  the 
gofpel  make  an  aliowance  to  a  clergy- 
TAan,  of  the  eftabhthed  church,  for  occa- 
fional  vifits  m;ide  to  thefe  tribes.  The 
liturgy  of  the  church  of  Enghmd  has  been 
tranfLited  into  the  Moliawk  language, and 
printed  for  the  ufe  of  the  Six  Nation  In- 
dians. Smyth. 

In  1800,  this  nation,  the  Seneca  and 
Oneida  Pagans,  revived  their  cuftom  of 
facrificing  wiiite  dogs  to  their  gods,  which 
ix2d  been  negledled  50  years ;  on  the 
jjround  that  the  neglcfft  of  this  facrifice 
had  been  one  caufe  of  their  various  mif- 
fortuncs. 

JV/c<-6<'^a«, fituated  between  Norwich  and 
New  London,  in  Conne(fticut.  This  is 
the  refidence  of  the  remaining  few  of  the 
IWohcgan  tribe  of  Indians.  A  confidera- 
bic  part  cf  the  remains  of  this  tribe  late- 
ly removed  to  Oneida  with  the  late  Air. 
Occom.      See  Broihzttczvn. 

JHo&icconSf  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  in- 
habit on  a  branch  of  the  Sufquehannah, 
l)€tween  Chagnet  and  Ovi^egy.  They  were 
reckoned  by  Hutchins,  about  30  years 
ago,  at  100,  but  by  Imlay,  in  1  773,  at  only 
70  fighting  men.  They  were  formerly  a 
confederate  tribe  of  the  Delawares.  Alfo 
an  Indian  tribe,  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
who  inhabit  near  Sandufky,  andl)etwcen 
the  Sclota  and  Mufkingum.  Warriors, 
60. 

Mains, a  river  of  IjOuifiana,  which  emp- 
ties from  the  N  W  into  the  MifTifippi,  in 
lat.  40  ao  N.  The  Sioux  Indians  dtfcend 
by  this  river. 

Moijie  River,  on  the  N  fliore  of  the  St. 
l^awrence  in  L-  Canada,  a  little  E  of  the 
Seven  Iflands. 

Mole,  The,  is  fituated  in  the  N  W  part 
©f  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  2  leagues  E 
cf  Cape  St.  Nicholas,  and  is  often  called 
by  that  name.  The  Mole,  though  infe- 
rior by  a  great  deal,  to  Cape  Francois 
and  Port  au  Prince,  i.s  tiieiirfl  port  in 
the  ifland  for  fafety  in  time  of  w.u-,  being 
ftrongly  fortified  both  by  nature  ai.d  art. 
Count  D'Eftaing,  under  whofc  dire<aion 


thefc  worics  were  conflrucTted,  Intended 
to  have  eftablillied  here  the  ftat  of  the 
French  government ;  but  the  pr  ouudf  ions 
of  its  dependences  were  of  too  little  value 
to  engage  his  fuccelTors  to  carry  his  plan 
into  elTect :  fo  that  it  is  now  no  more  than 
a  garrifon.  It  has  a  beautiful  and  fafe  port, 
and  is  coufidered  as  the  heaUliiefi:  fitua- 
tion  in  St.  Domingo, by  rsafcm  of  the  pu- 
rity of  its  fprings.  The  exports  from 
J.in.  I,  1789  to  December  31, of  the  fame 
year,  were  only  265,6151b.  coffee — z6,86t 
lb.  cotton — 2,8231b.  indigo,  and  other 
Imall  articles  to  the  value  of  129  livres. 
The  x'alue  of  duties  on  exportation  1,250 
dollars  21  cents.  It  is  4  leagues  W  of 
Jean  Rabcl,  ir  N  Wof  Bombardc,  36  W 
of  Cape  Francois,  and  17^  W  by  S  of  Port 
de  Paix.     N  lat.  19  50,  W  long,  75  48. 

Molines  Gut,  on  the  S  W  lide  of  the 
iiland  of  St.  Chrifcopher's  in  the  W.Indies, 
is  the  firfl  rivulet  to  the  S  E  of  Brimflone 
Hillj  near  the  mouth  of  which  is  anchor- 
age in  5  and  10  fathoms,and  a  clear  iliore; 
but  to  the  eafcward  of  it  are  fome  funken 
rocks, 

JMona,OV  La  Guenon,  or  The  Move,  a  fmall 
ifland,  ii^^  leagues  S  W  of  Point  I'Epee^ 
which  is  the  Ibuthwefternmofl:  point  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  and  14:5;  leagues 
W  of  the  S  W  point  of  the  ifland  of  Porto 
Rico.  It  is  2  leagues  from  E  to  W  and  a 
little  more  from  N  to  S.  It  has  feveral 
ports  for  fmall  vciTels,  plenty  of  good 
water,  and  all  that  would  be  neceflary 
for  fettlements  of  culture,  and  the  breed- 
ing of  cattle.  Its  fruit  trees,  and  partic- 
ularly the  orange,  are  much  extolled.  A 
league  and  a  half  N  W  of  Mona  is  a  very 
fmall  iflaiid,  called  Monique,or  the  Little 
Monkey. 

Munadnoci,  Greaf^  a.  mountain  fituated 
in  Chtfliire  co.  N.  Hampfliirc,  between 
the  towns  of  Jaffrey  and  Dublin,  10  milei 
N  of  Maflachufetts  line,  and  22  mites  E 
of  Connecticut  river.  The  foot  of  the 
hill  is  1395  feet,  and  its  fummit  3254  feet, 
above  the  level  of  the  fea.  Its  bafe  is  5 
miles  in  diameter  from  N  to  S,  and  3 
from  E  to  W,  On  the  fides  are  fome  ap- 
pearances of  fubterrancous  fires.  Its  fum- 
mit IS  a  bald  rock. 

Monadnock,  Upper  Grert,  a  high  moun- 
tain, in  Canaan,  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
S^ate  of  Vermont. 

Monahan,  A  tcwnfliip  in  York  co.Penn- 
fylvania. 

Monday  Bay,  on  the  S  fliofc  of  the 
ftraits  of  Magellan,  in  that  part  of  the 
ftraits  called  the  Leng  Beach.     It  is  near- 


u  on 


u  o  N 


h  S  of  Buckley  Point,  on  the  N  fide  of  j 
the  ftrait,  and  afFords  good  anchorage  m 
ao  fathoms. 

Monday,  a  cape  in  the  above  Straits,  7 
leagues  W  N  W  ol  Cape  North.  S  lat. 
j;^  12,  W  long.  75  20. 

Mori(ron,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  on  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  10  leagues  N  of  the 
harbour  of  Guarmey,  and  4  leagues  from 
Bermejo  Ifland,  which  lies  between  the 
former  places.  Cafma  is  4  leagues  N  of 
it.  Mongon  is  known  at  fea  by  a  great 
mountain  juftover  it,which  is  feen  farther 
than  any  others  on  this  part  of  the  coaft. 

Mo^iffof/y  Cafie,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  illand 
of  St.Dorningo,  is  3000  f'itKoms  N  of  Point 
Bahoruco  and  the  river  Nayauco,  and 
nearly  S  of  the  little  part  of  Petit  Trou. 

M'jnhcgan,  or  Menbegan,  a  fmall  ifland 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  fa  miles  fouiheaft- 
erly  of  Pemaquid  Point,  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  and  in  lat.  43  42.  North  of  it  are 
a  number  of  fYnall  iflcs  at  the  mouth  of 
St.  Ge  rge's  river.  Captain  Smith  land- 
ed his  party  here  in  1614.  The  chim- 
neys and  renwins  of  the  houfes  are  yet 
to  be  feen. 

Monet ou  IJIands,  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
lie  towards  the  E  fide  of  Michigan  Lake, 
towards  its  N  cud,  and  fouthward  of  Bea- 
Tcr  Iflande. 

Monhton^  a  poft  town  in  Addlfon  co, 
Vermunt,  E  of  Ferrifourg,  loBo  inhabit- 
ants. 

Monkton,  a  townfliip  in  Annapolis  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  inhabited  by  Acadians,  and 
a  few  families  from  New  England.  It  lies 
partly  on  the  bafon  of  Annapolis,  and 
partly  on  vSt.  Mary's  Bay,  and  confifts 
chiefly  of  Avood-land  and  fait  marfli.  It 
contains  about  60  families. 

Monclava,  a  town  of  New  Leon,  N. 
America,  fituated  S  E  of  Conchos. 

Monmouth,  a  large  maritime  co.  of  N. 
Jerfey,  of  a  triangular  lliape,  8c  miles  in 
length,  and  from  25  to  40  in  breadth  ; 
bounded  N  by  part  of  Raritan  Bay,  N 
W  by  Middlefex  co.  S  W  by  Burlington, 
and  E  by  the  ocean.  It  is  divided  into 
6  townfliips,  and  contains  19,872  inhabi- 
tants, including  1633  flaves.  The  face 
of  the  county  is  generally  level,  having 
but  few  hills.  I'he  moft  noted  of  thefe 
are  the  high  lands  of  Navehnk  and  Cen- 
rre-Hill,  'SccMidMetoivn.  A  great  part  of 
the  county  is  of  a  fandy  foil ;  but  other 
parts  are  fertile.  There  is  a  very  curious 
cave,  now  in  ruins,  at  the  mouth  of  Nave- 
ink  river,  30  feet  long  and  15  wide,  and 
coiu-aim  tUrec  aroiied  apartoicnts. 


Monmovtb^  or  FrtehnhU  a  pofl  town  at^^ 
capital  of  the  above  co,  fituated  22  miles 
N  E  by  E  of  Al!cnto\vn,  34  E  of  Tren- 
ton, 14  S  W  by  S  of  Sluewfbury,  and  64 
N  E  by  E  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a 
court-houfe,  gaol,  and  a  few  compact 
dwelling  houfes.  Here  is  a  Prefbyterian 
and  Baptift  meeting  houfe.  This  town  Is 
remarkable  for  the  battle  fought  withrn 
its  limits  June  27,  1778,  between  the 
armies  of  General  Wafliington,  and  Sir 
Henry  Clinton.  The  latter  having  evac- 
uated Philadelphia,  was  on  his  march  to 
New  York.  The  lofs  of  the  Americans, 
in  killed  and  wounde;',  was  about  250  ; 
that  of  the  Britifli,  inclufiveof  prifoners, 
was  about  350.  The  Britifli  purfut^ 
their  march  the  night  after,  without  the 
lofs  of  their  covering  party  or  baggage. 
See  Ftcehold. 

Monmouth,  a  poft  town  in  Lincoln  co. 
fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  AndrofcoggJa 
river,  16  miles  W  by  S  of  Hcillowell  court- 
houfe,  49  N  of  Portland,  and  has  701 
inhabitants. 

Monmouih  Cape,  on  tllC  E  fidc  of  iRc 
Straits  of  Magellan. 

Movmouth  Jjland,  one  of  the  four  ifland* 
of  Royal  Reach,  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, and  the  fecond  from  the  weflwar^d, 

Monocacy^  a  river,  which,  after  a  S  S  W 
courfe,  empties  into  the  Patowmac,  about 
50  miles  above  Georgetown. 

Manotigahela  K'rver,  a  branch  of  the 
Ohio,  4C0  yards  wide  at  its  junction  witl* 
the  Alleghany  at  Pittfburg.  It  is  <itep>, 
gentle  and  navigable  with  batteaux  ar^i 
barges  beyond  Red  Stone  Creek,  and  flill 
further  with  lighter  craft.  It  rifes  at  the 
foot  of  the  Laurel  Mountain  in  Virginia, 
thence  meanderin:;  in  a  N  by  E  dircdlion, 
pafl'es  into  Pennfylvania,  and  receive'* 
Cheat  river  from  the  S  S  E,  thence  wind- 
ing in  a  N  by  W  courfe,  feparates  Fayette 
and  Weflmoreland  from  Wafliington  co. 
and  pafTing  into  Alleghany  eo.  joins  thi* 
Alleghany  river  at  Pittfburg  and  fornss 
the  Ohio.  It  is  300  yi.rds  wide  12  or  15' 
miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  receives- 
the  Yv'>ughiogany  from  the  S  E,  which  ts 
navigable  with  batteaux  and  barges  to 
the  foot  of  Laurel  hi!!.  Thence  to  Red: 
Stone,  at  Fort  Byrd,  by  water  is  50  miles, 
by  land  30.  Thence  to  the  mouth  of 
Cheat  river,  by  water  40  miles,  by  land 
28 ;  the  width  continuing  at  300  vards, 
and  the  navigation  good  for  boats.  Thence 
the  width  is  about  2co  yards  to  the  weft- 
ern  fork,  50  miles  higher,  and  the  navi- 
gation frequently  interrupted  by  rnpid.*:;- 

w  kicL,. 


M  ON 


MOfJ 


■wliich,  however,  tvith  a  fwell  of  a  or  3 
feet,  become  very  paiTable  for  boats.  It 
then  admits  light  boats,  except  in  dry  fea- 
fons,  6s  miles  further,  to  the  head  of  Ty- 
gart's  Valley,  prefenting  only  fome  fmall 
rapids  and  falls  of  r  or  a  feet  perpendic- 
ular, and  IciTeuing  in  its  width  to  40 
yards.  The  v/eftern  fork  is  navigable  in 
the  winter,  towards  the  northern  branch 
of  the  Little  Kanhawa,  and  will  admit 
a  good  w.iggon  road  to  it  From  the 
navigable  waters  of  the  foutheafternmofl: 
branch  of  the  Monongahela,  there  is  a 
portage  of  10  miles  to  the  S  branch  of  Pa- 
towmac  river.  The  hills  oppofite  Pittf- 
burg  on  the  banks  of  this  river,  which  are 
at  leaft  500  feet  high,  appear  to  be  one 
Iblid  body  of  coal.  On  the  Pike  Run  of 
this  river,  a  coal  hill  has  been  on  fire  10 
years ;  yet  it  has  burnt  away  only  2C 
yards. 

Monongalia,  a  CO.  in  the  N  W  part  of 
Virginia,  about  40  miles  long,  and  30 
broad,  and  contains  8540  inhabitants. 

Monpox,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma,  about 
75  miles  S  E  by  E  of  Tolu. 

Monro:,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  taken  from 
Green  Briar,  on  the  S  fide.  At  the  court- 
houfe  is  a  poll  ofSce,  320  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Mortfeag  Bay,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  is 
feparated  from  Sheepfcut  river  by  the 
ifland  of  Jeremyfquam. 

Monfon,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  co. 
Maflachufetts,  E  of  Brimfield. 

Mottfiesy  the  third  tribe  in  rank  of  the 
Delaware  nation  of  Indians. 

Montague^  a  townfhip  in  Hampfhirc  co. 
Maflachufetts, on  theE  bankofConnedli- 
cut  R.  above  Sunderland,  about  i8  miles 
N  of  Northampton,  and  90  miles  W  by 
N  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1753,  and  contains  l^^^  inhabitants.  A 
bridge  unites  this  town  with  Greenfield, 
which  5s  on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  river. 
It  confifts  of  four  arches,  and  is  620  feet 
long  and  30  wide. 

Montague^  the  northernmoft  townfliip 
in  N.  Jerfey,  is  Ctuated  in  Suflex  co.  on 
the  E  fide  of  Delaware  R.  about  5  miles 
N  E  of  Minifiuk,  and  17  N  of  Newtown. 

Montague,  the  l^rgcft  of  the  fmall 
iflands  in  Prince  William's  Sound,  on  the 
N  W  coaft  of  North  America. 

Montague  Toivnjhip^  iu  U.  Canada,  lies 
partly  in  the  co.  of  Greenville,  and  part- 
ly in  Leeds,  to  the  northward  of  Wol- 
ford,  and  is  waflied  by  the  river  Radeau. 

Montauk  Point,  the  eaftetn  extrem- 
ity of  Long  Ifland,  N.  York.     A  traA 


here,  called  turtle  Hill,  has  becti  ceded 
to  the  U.  States  for  the  purpofe  of  build* 
ing  a  light-houfe  thereon. 

Monte  Chrift,  a  cape,  bay,  town,  and 
river,  on  the  N  fide  of  the   illand  of  St. 
Domingo.     The  cape  is  a  very  high  hill^ 
in  the  form  of  a  tent,  called  by  the  French, 
Cape  la  Grange,  or  Barn.     It  is  fituated  in 
lat.  19  54  ^o  N,  and  in  long.  74  9  30  W  of 
Paris.     A  ftrip  of  level  land  joins  it  tc» 
the   territory  of  Monte  Chrift:,  and  it  is 
owing  to  this  that  the  cape  has  been  ta- 
ken for  an  ifiand.     It  is  14  leagues  N  E 
by  E  of  Cape  Francois,  where  it  may  be 
feen  in  a  clear  day,  with  the  naked  eye 
After  doubling  this  cape,  we  fmd  the  bay 
of  Monte   Chrift  running  nearly  S  W* 
It  is  formed  by  Cape  la  Grange,  on  one 
fide,  and  Pointe  des  Dunes  (Down  Point) 
on  the  other;  about  6,500  fathoms  afun- 
der.     The  bay  is  about   1,400  fathoaia 
deep,  and  its  winding  is  nearly  4  leagues. 
About  900  fathoms  from  the  cape,  dc- 
fcending  the  bay,  we  find  the  little  ifland 
of  Monte  Chrifl:,  350  fathoms  from  the 
fliorc.     One  may  fail  between  the  two, 
with  a,  4  and  5  fathoms  v/ater  ;  and  about 
250  fathoms  further  on,  is  anchorage  in 
from  6  to  10  fathoms.     A  league  and  a 
quarter  from  Cape  La  Grange,  is  a  batte- 
ry Intended  to  protedt  a  landing  place, 
of  100  fathoms  wide,  which  is  below,  and 
oppofite  the  town  of  Monte  Chrift:.     The 
town  of  Monte   Chrift^,  ftanding  at  800 
fathoms  from  the  fea  fide,  rifes  in  an  am- 
phitheatre on  the  fide  of  the  coaft,  which 
is  very  high  all  round  this  bar.     The 
town  is  200  fathoms  fquare,  which  fpace 
is  divided  into  9  parts,  cut  by  two  ftreetst 
running  from  E  to  W,  and  two  others 
from  N  to  S.     It  was  founded  in  I535. 
abandoned  in  1606, and  is  now  but  a  poor 
place,  dcftitute  of  every  refource  but  that 
of  cattle  raifcd  in  its  territory,  and  fold 
to  the  French.     The  town  and  territory 
contain  about  3,000  fouls.      There  is  a 
trifling  g:<rrifon  at  Monte  Chrift:.     About 
a  league  from  the  battery,  following  the 
winding  of  the  bay,  is  the  river  of  Monte 
Chrift:,  or  more  properly,  the  river  Yaqui. 
The  land  round  the  town  is  barren  and 
fandy  ;  and  the  river  contains  great  num- 
bers of  crocodiles.     Monte  Chrift:  is  a 
port  well  known  to  American  fmugglcrs, 
aiid  carries  on  a  great  commerce,  from  it« 
vicinity   to  the   French  plantations.     In 
the  time  of  peace,  all  the  produce  of  the 
plain  of  Marihoux,  fituated  between  Port 
Dauphin  and  Mancenillc  Bay,  is  (hipped 
here,  and  in  a  war  between  France  and 

Britain, 


M  O  N 


M  o  ]^r 


Britain,  it  ufed  to  be  a  grand  market,  to 
tvhich  all  the  French  in  the  north  part  of 
the  ifland  lent  their  produce,  and  where 
purcharcrs  were  always  ready. 

Monte  Cbrijl,  a  chain  of  mountains 
\vhich  extend  parallelto  the  north  coaft  of 
the  ifiand  of  St.  Domingo,  from  the  bay 
of  Monte  Chrifl;,  to  the  bay  of  Samana  on 
the  E.  Two  large  rivers  run  in  oppofite 
directions  along  the  fouthern  fide  of  this 
chain.  The  river  Monte  Chrift  or  Ya- 
que  in  a  W  by  S  diredlion,  and  Yuna 
river  in  an  E  by  S  courfe  to  the  bay  of 
Saroana.  They  both  rife  near  La  Vega, 
and  have  numerous  branches. 

Montego  Bay,  is  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  20  miles  E  by  N  of  Lv- 
cea  harbour,  and  ai  W  of  Martha  Brae. 
This  was  formerly  a  flourilliiirg  and  opu- 
lent town  ;  it  conlifted  of  225  houfes,  33 
of  which  were  capital  (lores,  and  contain- 
ed about  600  white  inhabitants.  The 
number  of  topfail  vefTels  which  cleared 
annually  at  this  port  were  about  150,  of 
which  70  were  capital  fhips;  but  in  this 
account  are  included  part  of  thofe  vvhich 
entered  at  Kingfton.  This  fine  town  was 
almoft  totally  dcftroyed  by  an  accidental 
5rc,  in  July,  1795;  the  damage  was  tfti- 
mated  at  £200,000  fiierling. 

Monteray^SL  bay  and  fort  of  Galifornia. 
In  the  bay  whales  fport  in  great  nnnvbtrs  ; 
fogs  often  obfcure  tlie  coaft.  live  gov- 
ernor of  the  Californias  refides  here. 
With  282  cavalry  he  keeps  in  awe  50,000 
Indians ;  10,000  of  thefe  have  embraced 
Chriftianity.      See  California. 

Montevideo,  a  bay  and  town  of  La  Pla- 
ta or  Paraguay,  in  S.  America,  fitn  .ted 
on  the  northern  fide  of  La  Plata  river, 
in  lat  34  30  S.  It  lies  eaft  of  Buenos 
Ayres,and  has  its  name  from  a  mountaia 
which  overlooks  it,  about  20  leagues 
from  Cape  Santa  Maria,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Plata. 

Montgomery,  a  couiuy  in  the  Upper  dif- 
trid:  of  Georgia,  on  ^he  N  E  fide  of  Alata- 
maha  river,  W  of  Liberty  co.  containing 
3,1 80  inhabitants,  divided  into  12  towns. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  N.  York,  firft 
called  Tryon,  changed  to  Montgomery 
in  1784,  by  nA  of  the  Legiflature,  It 
contains  24,483  iiihabitants.  it  is  bound- 
ed W  by  Herkemer,  E  by  Saratoga,  S  by 
Schoharie.     Chief  tow  n,  Johnfton. 

Montgomery,  a  townfliip  in  Ulfter  co. 
New  York,  W  of  New  Windfor  and  New- 
burgh. 

Montgomery,  a  fort  in  N.  York  State, 
Gtnated  in  the   High  Lauds,  on   the   W 

Vol.  I.  U  V 


bank  of  Hudfon's  river,  on  the  N  fide  of 
Popelop's  creek,  on  which  are  fome  iron 
works,  oppofite  St.  Aarhony's  Nofe,  6 
miles  S  of  Weft  Point,  and  52  above  N. 
York  city.  1  he  fort  is  now  in  ruins  ;  it 
was  reduced  by  the   Biitifli   in  0<flol>cr, 

1777.      See  Anthony's  Nfe. 

Montgomery,  a  townfliip  in  Franklin  co, 
Vermont.  It  is  watered  by  Trout  river, 
A  S  branch  of  Miilifcoui,  and  has  36  in- 
habitants. 

Montgomery,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  Maffachufctts,  is  n^iles  from  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1780,  and  contains 
560  inhabitants. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  PenufylvanJa, 
}t^  miles  in  length,  and  17  in  breadth,  N 
W  of  Pliiladelphia  co.  It  is  divided  into 
28  townl"hips,  and  contains  24  150  in- 
habitants. In  this  county  are  96  grift- 
mills,  61  faw-millfi,'4  forges,  6  fulling-mills, 
and  TO  paper-mills.  Chief  town,  Norri- 
town. 

Montgcm.'ry,  a  townfliip  in  the  above 
CO.  where  is  a  poft  office.  There  is  alfo' 
a  townfliip  of  this  rtame  in  Franklin  co. 

Montgomery,  a  co.  in  Salifbury  diflridl, 
N.Carolina,  containing  7,677  inhabitants, 
including  1373  flaves. 

Montgomery^  dt.  county  of  Virginia,  S  of 
Boretourt  co.  It  is  c^bout  100  miles  in 
Icrtgih,  and  44  in  breadth,  and  has  fome 
lead  mines.  It  contains  8,076  free  inhab- 
itants, and  9^8  (laves.  Chief  town,  Chrif- 
tianburg.  Tlie  court  h-jufe  is  28  mile* 
from  Anion  court  houf-^,  46  from  Wythe 
court  houfe,  and  40  from  Siilifbury.  It 
is  on  the  poft  road  from  P^ichmond  to 
Kentucky.     A  poft  ollice  is  kept  here. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Maryland,  6a 
Patowmac  river.  It  contains  15,058  in- 
habitants, Including  6,288  (laves":  The 
court  houfe  is  2 S  miles  S  E  by  S  of  Fred- 
erickftown,  14  N  by  W  of  Georgetown 
on  the  Patowmac,  and  2>S  foiithwcfierly 
of  Baltimore.     Here  is  a  poft  office. 

Montiromery, a  countyinTennefTee  State, 
Mero  difhicfi.  This  and  Robertfon  co. 
are  the  territory,  formerly  called  Tennef- 
fee  County,  the  name  of  which  ceafes  fiacc 
the  State  lias  taken  that  name.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N  by  Kentucky,  on  the 
S  and  W  by  the  Indian  boundary,  on  the 
E  by  Davidfon  and  Robertfon  counties. 
It  is  watered  by  Cumberland  and  Red 
rivers.     It  contains  2,899  inhabitants. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Kcntuckyt 
containing  6,999  inhabitants,  of  whom 
749  are  (laves.  At  the  court  houfe^i«  a 
poft  office. 

Mentmoritf , 


M  O  N 


MOO 


JHonimariny  a  new  town  Oil  the  N  hank 
of  Ohio  river,  i8  miles  hclow  Pittfburg, 
HtUcitcd  du  a  beautiful  plain,  very  fertile, 
and  abounding  with  coal. 

MontpcHer,  a  port:  town  in  Caledonia 
CO.  Vermont,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Otiion 
R.     It  is  43  miles  W  from  L.  Champlain. 

Montreal,  the  fecond  city  in  rank  in  L. 
Canada,  (lands  on  an  illand  in  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  which  is  lo  leagues  in 
length  and  4  in  breadth,  and  has  its  name 
from  a  very  high  mountain  about  the 
middle  of  it,  which  it  feems  to  overlook 
like  a  monarch  from  his  throne ;  hence 
the  French  called  it  JMout-reul,  or  Royal 
Mountain.  While  the  French  had  pofTef- 
fion  of  Canada,  both  the  city  and  ifland 
of  Montreal  belonged  to  private  proprie- 
tors, who  had  improved  them  fo  well 
that  the  whole  Ifland  had  become  a  de- 
lightful fpot,  and  produced  every  thing 
that  could  adminifter  to  the  convenience 
of  life.  The  city,  around  which  is  a  very 
good  wall,  built  by  Louis  XIV.  of  France, 
forms  an  oblong  fquire,  divided  by  regu- 
lar and  well  formed  flreets ;  and  when 
taken  by  the  Britiili,  the  houfes  were 
built  in  a  very  handfome  manner ;  and 
every  houfe  might  be  feen  at  one  view 
from  the  harbour,  or  from  the  fouthern- 
moft  fide  of  the  river,  as  the  hill  on  the 
lide  of  which  the  town  ftands  falls  grad- 
ually to  the  water,  Montreal  contains 
about  60Q  houfes,  few  of  them  elegant  ; 
but  fmce  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Brit- 
ifli  in  1760,  it  has  fulFered  much  from 
tire.  A  regiment  of  men  are  Rationed 
here,  and  the  government  of  the  place 
borders  on  the  military.  It  is  about  half 
A  league  from  the  S  lliore  of  the  river, 
170  miles  S  W  of  Quebec,  Trois  Rivieres 
being  about  half  way  ;  no  N  by  W  of 
Crown  Point  ;  %o2>  N  by  W  of  Boflon, 
and  350  N  by  E  of  Niagara.  N  lat.  45 
35,  W  long  73  u.  See  St.  Lazvratce. 
The  river  St.  Lawrence  is  about  3  miles 
ividc  at  Montreal.  There  is  an  illand 
near  the  middle  of  the  river,  oppofite  the 
city,  at  the  lower  end  of  which  is  a  mill 
•with  8.  pair  of  ftoncs,  all  kept  in  motion, 
at  the  fame  time,  by  i  wheel.  The  works 
are  faid  to  have  cofl:  ^ii,coo  fterling. 
A  large  mound  of  ftone,  <Scc.  built  out  in- 
to the  river,  flops  a  iutficiency  of  water 
to  keep  the  mill  in  continual  motion. 

Montreal,  a  river  which  runs  northeaft- 
ward  into  Lake  Superior  in  U.  Canada, 
©n  the  fouthern  fide  of  the  lake. 

Montreal  Bay  lies  towards  the  E  end  of 
Lake  Superior,  having  an  ifland  at  the  N 


W  fide  of  its  entrance,  and  N  E  of  Carip^ 
bou  illand. 

Montreal  JJle,  in  the  E  end  of  lake  Su- 
perior in  U.  Canada,  is  fmall  and  fituated 
between  the  mouths  of  the  rivers  Mont- 
real and  Charrion,  and  near  to  the  fliore. 

Montrouis,  a  town  in  the  W  part  of  the 
iHand  of  St.  Domingo,  at  the  head  of  the 
Bight  of  Leogane,  5  leagues  S  E  of  St. 
Mark,  and  15  N  W  of  Port  au  Prince. 

M'iitferrot,onG.  of  the  Carribbee  iilands, 
and  the  fmalleft  of  them  in  th^  Atlantic 
Ocean.  Columbus  difcovercd  it  in  1493.. 
It  is  of  an  oval  form,  3  leagues  in  length, 
and  as  many  in  breadth,  containing  about 
30,000  acres  of  land,  of  which  almoft  jds 
are  very  mountainous,  or  very  barren. 
The  cultivation  of  fugar  occupies  6,000 
acres ;  cotton,  provifion  and  paflurage 
have  a,coo  acres  allotted  for  each.  No 
other  tropical  ftaples  are  raifed.  The 
produdlions  were,  on  an  average,  from 
1784  to  1788,  2,737  hhds.  of  fugar,  of  16 
cwt.  each,  1,107  puncheons  of  fum,  and 
27 5  bales  of  cotton.  The  total  exports 
from  Montfcrrat  and  Nevis  in  1787  were 
in  value  ^214,141  :  i6  :  8.  of  which  the 
value  of  ;^ 1 3,981  :  12  :  6  was  exported 
to  the  American  States.  The  inhabitants 
of  Montferrat  amount  to  iL.300  whites, 
and  about  10,000  negroes.  The  firft  fet- 
tlers,  in  1632,  were  Iriflimen,  and  the 
prefent  inhabitants  are  chiefly  their  de- 
fcendants,  or  other  natives  of  Ireland 
fince  fettled  there,  by  which  means  the 
Irifli  language  is  preferved  there  even 
among  the  negroes.  I'he  ifland  Is  fur- 
rounded  with  rocks,  and  the  riding  be- 
fore it  is  very  precarious  and  dangerous 
on  the  approach  of  a-  tornado,  having  no 
haven.  It  has  only  3  roads,  viz.  Ply- 
mouth, Old  Harbour,  and  Kcr's  Bay ; 
where  they  are  obliged  to  obfcrve  the 
fame  methods  as  at  St.  Chriftopher's  in 
loading  or  unloading  the  vefTels.  It  lies 
30  miles  S  W  of  Antigua  ;  the  fame  dif- 
tance  S  E  of  Nevis,  and  is  fubjecft  to  Great 
Britain.     N  lat.  1647,  W  long.  6a  12. 

Montfiouge,  a  river  or  bay  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  which  communicates  with  the 
rivers  Sheepfcut  and  Kennebeck. 

Mcnt-aille,  a  townfliip  in  N.  London  co^ 
Connedlicut,  about  10  miles  N  of  New* 
London.     It  has  2,231  inhabitants. 

Monument  Bay yOi\  the  E  coaft  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  is  formed  by  the  bending  of 
Cape  Cod.  It  is  fpaciousand  convenient 
for  the  protedlion  of  fliipping. 

Moore,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  Fay- 
ette aiftridl.     It  contain*  4,767  inhabit- 

aiit«v 


MOO 


M  O  R 


a-Kt5,  including  600  flaves.  Chief  town, 
Alfordfton.  The  court  houle,  where  a 
pofi:  office  is  kept,  is  38  miles  from  Ran- 
dolph court  houfe,  40  from  Fayetteville, 
and  :^9i  from  Wadiinj^ton. 

Meorefield,  or  Moerijlmi'tj^    a  poft   town 

in  N.  Jerfey,  13  miles  eaflcriy  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Moore  Fort,  a  phcc  fo  called  in  S.  Car- 
olina, is  a  ftupcndous  bhilF,  or  high  per- 
pendicular bank  of  earth,  on  the  Caroli- 
na fhore  of  I^vann^h  river,  perhaps  90 
or  too  feet  above  the  common  fur  face  of 
the  water,  exhibiting  the  fingular  and 
pleafmg  fpeclacle  to  a  ftranger,  of  parti- 
coloured earths,  chiefly  clays  and  marl,  as 
red,  brown,  yellow,  blue,  purple,  white, 
&c.  in  horizontal  flrata,  one  over  the 
other.  A  fort  formerly  fl:o(>d  here,  before 
the  eretSlion  of  one  at  Augufta,  from  which 
it  ftood  a  little  to  the  N  E.  The  water  now 
occupies  the  fpot  on  which  the  fort  ftood. 

]\iToores  Creek,  is  1 6  miles  from  Wilming- 
ton, in  N.  Carolina.  Here  Gen.  M'Don- 
ald,  with  about  a.oco  royalifts,  were  de- 
feated (after  a  retreat  of  80  miles,  and  a 
defperate  engagement)  by  Gen.  Moere, 
at  the  head  of  800  continentals.  Gen. 
M'Donald  was  taken  prifoner,  and  the 
flower  of  his  men  killed. 

Moorfields,  a  poft  town  and  the  capital 
of  Hardy  co.  Virginia,  fituated  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  S  branch  of  Patowmac  river. 
It  contains  a  court  iioufe,  a  gaol,  and  be- 
tween 60  and  70  houfes.  It  is  25  miles 
from  Romney,  75  from  Winchefter,  and 
180  from  Richmond. 

Moofc  iJiV'ifr,  a  generous  branch  of  Black 
river.  Thirty  four  miles  from  its  mouth 
on  a  fmall  branch,  at  the  outlet  of  a  fmall 
lake,  Mr.  J.  Brown  has  made  afettlement 
and  eredled  mills. 

Moofe  River,  rifes  In  Mifinabe  Lake,  a 
fliort  difl:ance  from  Michipicoten  river,  a 
water  of  lake  Superior,  and  purfues  a 
northeaftern  courfe,  receiving,  about  la 
miles  from  its  mouth,  a  large  S  branch, 
and  empties  into  the  fouthern  part  of 
James's  Bay,  N.  America,  by  the  fame 
mouth  with  Abbitibee  river.  Moofe 
Fort,  and  a  fadlory,  are  fituated  at  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  N  lat.  51  r6,  W  long. 
8151;  and  Brunfwick  Houfe  is  on  its  W 
bank  about  lat.  50  30.  Round  the  bot- 
tom of  James's  Bay,  from  Albany  Fort 
And  river,  on  the  W  fide,  to  Rupert's  riv- 
er on  the  E  fide,  the  woods  afford  large 
timber  trees  of  various  kinds,  as  oak,  afli, 
befides  the  pine,  cedar,  fpruce,  &c.  Up 
Moofe  river  beyond  Brunfwick  Houfe  is 


a  fiill  of  50  feet,  above  which  It  Is  dcep?ind 
navigable  for  a  great  diftance  ;  the  foil 
and  the  climate  above  the  fall  are  faid  to 
be  very  good 

Mij'ofe.  Hhcr,  a  fliort  flream  In  Grafton 
CO.  N.  Harnpfliire,  which  runs  northcaft- 
er!y  from  the  White  Mountains  into  Am- 
anfcciggin  river. 

Mo'.Jthend  Lake,  or  Moofe  Pond,  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  Maine,  is  an  irregular  fliaped 
body  &f  water,  which  gives  rife  to  the 
eadern  branch  of  Kenncbeck  river,  which 
unites  with  the  other,  above  Norridge- 
wock,  about  70  milts  fouth  of  the  lake. 
The  lake  is  faid  to  be  three  times  as  large 
as  L.  George.  There  are  very  high  moun- 
tains to  the  N  and  W  of  the  lake;  and 
from  thefe  the  waters  rwrx  by  many  chan- 
nels into  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Mor.fchillock,  the  highefl  of  the  chnin  c.f 
mountains  in  N.  Hampfliire,  the  White 
Mountains  excepted.  It  takes  its  name 
from  its  having  been  formerly  a  remark- 
able range  for  moofe,  and  lies  70  miles 
W  of  the  White  Mountains.  From  its 
N  W  fide  proceeds  Baker's  river,  a  branch 
of  Pemigewaffet,  which  is  the  principal 
branch  of  Merrimack,  On  tiiis  moun- 
tain fnow  has  been  feen  from  the 
town  of  Newbury,  Vermont,  on  the  30th 
of  June  and  2>^^  of  Augufl ;  and  on  the 
mountains  intervening,  fnow,  it  is  faid, 
lies  the  whole  year. 

Moofc  JJlandy  on  the  coaft  of  Maine,  at 
the  mouth  of  Schoodick  river,  contain* 
about  30  families.  On  the  S  end  of  this 
ifland  is  an  excellent  harbour  fuitablc 
for  the  conflru<aion  of  dry  docks.  Com- 
mon tides  rife  here  25  feet. 

Moofup  River,  rifes  in  FoRer,  Rhode 
Ifland,  and  nms  S  into  Coventry  ;  there 
meeting  another  branch, it  turns  firfl:  eaft- 
erly,  then  northerly,  crofTes  the  S  W  cor 
ner  of  Fofler  into  Killingly  in  ConneiEti- 
cut,  then  turns  S  W  and  runs  into  Plain- 
field,  where  it  unites  with  the  Quinabauj. 
It  is  a  large,  rapid  ftream,  and  furniflxes 
a  variety  of  excellent  mill  feats. 

Morant  Keys,  off  the  ifland  of  J.amaica, 
in  the  W.  Indies.     N  lat.  17  47,  W  long. 

IS  is- 

Morant  Point,  the  mofl:  eafl:eily  pro- 
montory of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  On 
the  N  fide  of  the  point  is  a  harbour  of  the 
fame  name.  From  Point  Morant  it  i« 
ufual  for  (liips  to  take  their  departure 
that  are  bound  through  the  Windward 
Paffage,  or  to  any  part  of  the  W  end  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  N  lat.  17  j8, 
W  long.  76  10. 

Morant 


M  O  R 


M  O  R 


JMoranf  Ilar'oour^Pott,  is  ahoui  4  leagues 
wcftward  of  Point  Morant,  on  the  S  coafl 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  Before  the 
mouth  of  it  is  a  fmall  ifland,  called  Good 
Ifland,  and  a  fort  on  each  point  of  the 
entrance. 

Morant  River,  is  ^  leagues  weftward  of 
the  W  point  of  Point  Morant.  The  land 
here  forms  a  bay,  with  anchorage  along 
the  ill  ore. 

Moravian  ViVc^e,  On  the  river  Thames 
in  U.  Canada,  is  in  the  4th  townfliip  from 
its  mouth;  it  is  an  irregular  built  village, 
of  oneftrect,  with  inditTercnt  wooden  huts 
and  a  Anall  chapel  ;  inhabited  by  Indians 
converted  to  the  Moravian  faith,  and 
their  paftors  ;  who  confiftof  four  miifion- 
aries  from  the  United  Brethren.  The  In- 
dians are  peaceable  and  civil ;  their  prin- 
cipal employment  is  in  attending  to  their 
corn-fields,  and  to  the  making  pf  maple 
fugar.  Above  the  village,  on  the  river,  is 
a  large  fpring  of  pttrolium.         Smyth. 

Mcrena,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Chili, 
S.  America,  is  in  lat.  23  45  S,  and  15 
leagues  N  E  of  Cape  George.  The  bay 
between  thefc  capes  feems  very  defirable 
to  ftrangers  to  go  in  ;  but  in  a  N  W 
wind  is  very  dangerous,  becaufe  the  wind 
blows  right  on  the  fliore,  and  makes  a 
very  heavy  fea  in  the  road.  Here  is  a 
very  convenient  harbour,  but  exceeding- 
ly narrow,  where  a  good  fliip  might  be 
careened. 

Murena  Mofro,  on  the  Coafl:  of  Chili,  S. 
America,  in  lat.  23  S,  and  20  leagues' due 
S  of  the  N  point  of  the  bay  of  Atacama. 

More,  a  townfliip  in  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Morelancf,  the  name  of  t^^ro  townfliips 
of  Pennfylvania ;  the  one  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  the  other  in  that  of  Montgom- 
ery, adjoining  each  other.  In  this  town- 
fhip  are  the  towns  of  Willow  Grove,  and 
Hatlborough. 

Morgan  Dtjlrifl^\n  N.Carolina, is  bound- 
ed W  by  the  State  of  Tennefiec,  and  S 
by  the  State  of  S.  Carolina.  It  is  divided 
ijnto  the  counties  of  Burke,  Wilkes,  Ruth- 
erford, liincoln,  and  Buncomb  ;  con;^ains 
49,184  inhabitants,  including  4,643  flavcs. 
Morganiozvny  a  poft  town  and  the  chief 
town  of  the  above  diftric^,  is  in  Burke  co. 
near  Catabaw  river.  Htre  are  about 
30  houfes,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  It  is 
45  miles  from  Wilkes,  46  from  Lincoln- 
town,  1 13  from  Salem,  and  661  from  Phil- 
adelphia.   N  li.t.  35  47' 

Murgantoivny  a  poft  town  of  Virginia, 
^nd  fhirc  town  of  Monongalia  co.  lituated 


on  the  E  fide  of  Monongahela  river,  aboHt 
7  miles  t)  by  W  of  the  mouth  of  Cheat  riv- 
er, and  contains  a  court  houfe,  a  flonc 
gc»ol,  and  about  40  hcufes.  It  is  30  miles 
from  Brownfville,  24  from  Union  Town, 
in  Pennfylvania,  76  from  Cumberland  in 
Maryland,  and  329  from  Philadelphia. 

Morgans,  a  lettlement  in  Kentucky,  38 
miles  E  of  Lexington,  and  18  N  E  of 
Boonfborough. 

Mrgarza^  a  town  in  Wafhington  co. 
Pennfylvania,  fituated  in,  and  a Imoft  fur- 
rounded  by  the  E  and  W  branches  of 
Charter's  river,  including  the  point  of 
their  confluence  ;  1 3  miles  S  of  Pittfburg, 
and  on  the  pofl:  road  from  thence  to  Wafli- 
ington,  the  county  tpvvn,diftant  10  miles. 
Boats  carrying  from  2  to  300  barrels  of 
flour,  have  been  built  at  Morganza,  laden 
at  the  mill  tail  there,  and  fent  down  the 
Cbartiers  into  the  Ohio,  and  fo  to  New 
Orleans.  By  an  aift  of  the  legiflature  of 
Pennfylvania,  the  Chartiersyhom  the  Ohio 
upwards  as  far  as  Morganza,  is  declared 
to  be  a  highway.  This  town  is  fur  round- 
ed by  a  rich  country,  where  numbers  of 
grift  and  faw  mills  are  already  built ;  and 
the  lands  in  its  environs  well  adapted  to 
agriculture  and  grazing  ;  and  is  fpoken 
of  as  a  country  that  is  or  will  be  the  rich- 
efl:  in  Pennfylvania.  Morganza,  from  its 
fituation  and  other  natural  advantages, 
muft  become  the  centre  of  a  great  manu- 
facSluring  country;  efpecially  as  confid- 
crable  bodies  of  iron  ore,  of  a  fuperior 
quality,  have  been  already  difcovered  in 
the  neighbourhood,  and  have  been  alTay- 
ed.  The  high  waving  hills  in  this  coun- 
try, are,  from  the  quality  of  the;  foil,  con- 
vertible into  the  mofl:  luxuriant  grazing 
landis,  and  are  already  much  improved  in 
this  way.  Thefe  hills  will  be  peculiarly 
adapted  to  raife  live  ftock,  and  more  par- 
ticularly the  fine  long-woolled  breed  of 
flieep.  '  From  hence,  confidcrable  exports 
are  already  made  to  New  Orleans,  of  flour, 
bacon,  butter,  cheefe,  cider,  and  rye  and 
apple  fpirits.  The  black  cattle  raifed 
here  are  fold  to  the  new  fettlers,  and  to 
cattle  merchants,  for  the  Philadelphia  and 
Baltimore  markets;  many  havealfo  been 
driven  to  Niagara  and  Detroit. 

Morgue  Fort,  or  FortaUza  de  Morgue,  on 
the  S  fliore  of  the  entrance  to  Baldivia 
Bay,  on  the  coaft  ot  Chili,  on  the  S.  Pacif- 
ic Ocean.  The  channel  has  from  6  to  9 
fathoms. 

Moriches^  in  Suffolk  co.  N.  York,  213 
miles  from  Wafhington,  where  a  poft  of- 
fice is  kept. 

M^titnn,!, 


M  O  R 


M  O  S 


'  JHotiiffif,  a  bay  on  the  E  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  near  Aliray  Bay, 
from  which  it  is  (eparatcd  on)y  by  Cape 
Brule.      It  is  a  tolerably  deep  bay. 

Moro  Cafle  is'on  the  point  or  headland 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  channel  of  the  Hu- 
vannah,  in  the  N  W  part  of  the  ifland  of 
Cuba,  and  is  the  firft  of  two  ftrong  caf- 
tles  for  the  defence  of  the  channel  agaiml 
the  approach  of  an  enemy's  fliips.  It  is 
a  kind  of  triangle,  fortified  with  baftions, 
on  which  are  mounted  about  60  pieces 
of  cannon,  24  pounders.  From  the 
caftlc  there  alfo  runs  a  Avail  or  line 
mounted  with  ^^  long  brafs  cannon,  36 
pounders  ;  called,  by  way  of  eminence, 
"  The  twelve  Apoftlts  :*'  and  at  the  point, 
between  the  cafllc  and  the  lea,  there  is  a 
tower,  where  a  man  ftai;ds  and  gives  fig- 
nals  of  what  velTels  approach.  See  Z/^- 
vannah. 

JMorokinnee,  or  Morotinnec^  in  the  ifland 
of  Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Idands, 
in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat.  ao  29  N, 
and  long.  126  27  W. 

Morofquillo  Bay  is  to  the  fouthward  of 
Carthagena,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Spanifli 
Main,  and  in  the  bight  of  the  coaft;  coming 
out  of  Daricn  Gulf,  on  the  eaftern  fhore. 

JMorotoiy  or  Morokoi,  one  of  the  Sand- 
wich Iflands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  about 
z\  leagues  W  N  W  of  Mowee  Ifland,  and 
has  fevcral  bays  on  its  S  and  W  fides. 
Its  W  point  is  in  lat,  ar  20  N,  and  long. 
157  14  W,  and  is  computed  to  contain 
36,000  inhabitants.  It  is  7  leagues  S  E 
of  Woahoo  Ifland. 

Morris,  a  county  on  the  northern  line 
.of  N.  Jerfcy,  W  of  Bergen  co.  It  is  about 
25  miles  long,  and  20  broad,  is  divided 
into  5  towniliips,  and  contains  about 
156,809  acres  improved,  and  30.429  acres 
of  unimproved  land.  The  eaftern  piart 
of  the  county  is  level,  and  affords  fine 
meadows,  and  good  land  for  Indian  corn. 
The  weftern  part  is  more  mountainous, 
and  produces  crops  of  wheat.  Here  are 
feven  rich  iron  mines,  and  two  fprings 
famous  for  curing  rheumatic  and  chronic 
diforders.  Black  lead  ore  has  been  found 
in  the  mountains.  There  are  alfo  2  fur- 
naces, two  flitting  and  rolling  mills,  40 
forges,  37  faw  mills,  and  43  grift  mills. 
There  arc  in  the  county,  17,750  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  775  are  flaves. 

Morrijfina^  a  village  in  Weft  Chefter  co. 
N.  York,  contiguous  to  Hell  Gate,  in  the 
Sound.  In  1790  it  contained  133  inhab- 
itants. In  179T,  it  was  annexed  to  the 
townfliip  of  Weft  Chefttr. 


Motrifciin^  a  poft  town  ?nd  capital  cf 
the  above  co.  is  a  handfcme  town,  and 
contains  a  Prtfbyterian  ^.nd  Baptift 
church,  a  court  houfe,  an  academy,  and 
about  50  compa^El  houfcs  ;  19  miles  N  W 
of  Newark,  and  about  ico  N  E  of  Phila- 
delphia, The  head  quarters  of  the  Amer- 
ican army,  during  the  revolutionary  war, 
was  frequently  in  and  about   this   town. 

Momfville,  a  village  in  Pennfylvania, 
in  Berks'  co.  on  the  W  bank  of  Delaware  f^ 

river,  at  the  terry,  one  mile  from  Trentc^n, 
9  from  Briftol,  and  29  from  Philadelphia. 
A  poft  office  is  kept  here. 

Mortis  Buy,  on  i  he  W  coaft  of  the  ifl^-'i^sJ 
of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  cannot 
be  recommended  to  fljiips  to  pal's  this  way, 
as  there  is  in  one  place  S  from  the  Five 
Jflands  otily  2  fathoms  water.  VefTela 
drawing  more  than  9  fctt  water  miift  not 
attempt  it. 

Morrope,  a  town  on  the  road  between 
Quito  and  Lima,  in  S.  Am.erica.  It  con- 
tains between  70  and  80  houfe?,  contain- 
ing about  160  families,  all  Indians;  near 
it  runs  the  river  Pozuelos,  the  banks  of 
which  are  cultivated  and  adorned  with 
trees.  It  is  a8  or  30  leagues  diftant  from 
Sechura,  all  that  way  being  a  fandy  plain, 
the  track  continually  fl)ifting. 

Morro  Vtfijo.      See  St.  Callan. 

Mortiers  Rods,  OU  the  S  coaft  of  Kew- 
foundland  Ifland.    N  lat.  47, W  long.  5455. 

M<irto  Jf.and,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  lo 
called  by  the  Spaniards,  from  its  ftriUing 
refemblance  to  a  dead  corpfc,  extended 
at  full  length.  It  is  alfo  called  St.  Clara. 
It  is  about  5  leagues  N  N  E  from  the  riv- 
er Tumbez  ;  and  is  2  miles  in  length,  and 
27  leagues  from  Guayaquil. 

Morten  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Nevis,  in  the  Weft  Indies,  is  hear 
the  Narrows,  or  channel  between  that 
ifland  and  St.  Chriftopher's,  to  the  N  W 
of  which  there  is  from  3  to  8  fathoms, 
according  to  the  diftance  from  fl.ore. 

JMcrugo,  a  fmall  river  to  the  W  and  N 
W  of  the  gulf  of  Efitquibo,  on  the  coaft 
of  Surrinam,  in  S  America. 

Mo/e,  or  Villa  M  Mofe,  a  town  on  the 
bank  of  the  river  Tabafco,  in  the  bottoir^ 
cf  Campeachy  Gulf,to  which  fmall  barges 
may  go  up.  Great  quantities  of  cocoa 
are  fliipped  here  for  Spain  ;  which  Iringa 
a  great  many  floops  and  fmail  veflcls  tq 
the  coaft. 

Mcfes  Point,  a  head  or  cape  of  land,  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  entrance  ir^-'  .1,  n;..v/if<a 
Bay,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Newfoundland 
Ifland,  5  miles  S  W  of  Cape  Bor.avifta. 

Mq/ch/^cs. 


M  O  S 


M  O  S 


M^ofchknn.  See  Kihapvs. 
JM'jfliys,  a  place  oil  Roanoke  river,  9 
miles  below  St.  Tammany's,  and  3  above 
Eaton's.  The  produce  of  the  upper 
country  is  brought  to  thefe  places,  and 
fent  thence  by  waggons  to  Peterfburg  in 
Virginia. 

JMrjfquito  Shore.  The  exatft  boundaries 
of  this  country  have  never  been  accurate- 
ly drawn.  The  King  and  his  chiefs  have 
generally  confidcred  their  limits  to  ex- 
tend a  little  W  of  Black  River,  whence 
the  fea  coafl:  trends  about  E  by  S  60  or 
70  leagues.  This  brings  you  to  the  N  E 
extremity  of  this  country,  or,  as  it  is  call- 
ed by  the  Spaniards,  the  Cape  of  God's 
Grace,  on  account  of  the  great  difficulty 
they  find  in  beating  up  from  the  wcfl. 
From  this  cape,  inalmoft  every  direction 
toward  the  fea,  lie  a  great  number  of 
fmall  iflands  or  keys,  with  reefs,  rocks 
and  fliallows  adjoining  them,  to  the  extent 
of  15  or  25  leagues,  and  fomeof  them  50 
or  60,  which  have  never  been  properly 
furveyed,  and  which  of  courfe  makes  all 
this  part  of  the  Carribbean  fea  a  very  dan- 
gerous navigation,  efpecially  to  ftrangers. 
After  doubling  the  above  mentioned  cape, 
on  the  S  fide  of  which  is  a  tolerably  good 
harbour,  of  18  feet  of  water,  the  courfe 
trends  nearly  S,  about  50  leagues,  this 
brings  you  to  Pearl  Key  Lagoon,  to  the 
eaftward  of  which  lies  the  two  Corn  Ifl- 
ands, 7  leagues  diftant,  and  a  number  of 
fmaller  iflands  lie  round  this  lagoon  ;  but 
the  two  former  only  are  inhabited,  and 
thatfparingly.  In  running  this  50  leagues, 
you  pafs  feveral  barred  rivers,  with  water 
only  for  boats  to  pafs,  and  at  the  entrance 
of  this  lagoon  there  is  9  feet  of  water. 
About  8  leagues  further  S,  you  come  to 
the  harbour  of  Bluefields,  which  is  a  good 
harbour;  there  is  but  ii  feet  of  water 
on  the  bar.  There  ends  the  Mofquito 
King's  real  jurifdi^lion,  but  he  claims  a 
tribute  from  all  the  fea  fliore  inhabitants, 
■whether  Spaniards  or  Indians,  for  100 
leagues  to  the  fouthward,  The  whole 
of  the  Mofquito  fhore  is  very  low  land, 
except  back  of  Black  River,  where  it  be- 
gins, and  back  of  Bluefields  where  it  ends. 
From  Bluefields  the  coaft  trends  a  little 
to  the  eaflward  of  S,  until  you  come  to 
the  harbour  of  St.  Johns,  which  is  a  good 
one,  but  has  no  town.  A  river  of  the 
fame  name  empties  into  this  harbour 
from  the  lake  of  Nicaragua.  On  the  eaft- 
*rn  fide  of  which  lake  ftands  the  city  of 
Granada,  and  on  the  river,  fome  leagues 
before  you  enter  this    lake,  ftinds    fort 


Charles.     Canoes   afcend  this  rirer.     !« 
proceeding  along  the  coaft  about  fifteen 
leagues  from  St.  John's,  to  the  fouthward 
and  eaftward,  you  come  to  a  place  called 
Turtle  Bouge,   (the  high  land  which  be- 
gan at  Bluefields,  ftill  continuing.)     This 
place  has   no  harbour,  but  is  remarkable 
for  an  amazing  great  refort  of  green  tur- 
tle in  the   fcafon  when  the   females  lay 
their  eggs,   which  is  from  the  latter  part 
of  Auguft  to  the  laft  of  September.     This 
place,  comprehending  a  bay  or  beach  of 
white  fand,   about  5   leagues   in  extent, 
draws,  as  is  reckoned  by  the  inhabitants, 
-|ths  of  the  green  turtle  from  fome  hun- 
dred of  leagues  on  each  fide  of  it.     This 
is  the  more  curious,  as  they  pafs  in  their 
rout  to  this  place  innumerable   bays   or 
tracts  of  fand,  which  appear   to   the  hu- 
man  eye  equally   convenient    with    this. 
It  has  been  ftated  on  good  authority,  that 
800  flie  turtle  have  been  ftopped  on  this 
beach  in  one  night,  averaging  zjolbs,  by 
10  men.     The  fcafon  being  over  for  lay- 
ing their  eggs,  they  return  to  their  homes 
with  the  fame  diligence  they  came.     The 
meat,  eggs  and  entrails  of  thefe  turtle  are 
excellent.     Each  turtle  lays  three  litters 
of  eggs  in  a  feafon,  one  of  170,  one  of  100, 
and  one  of  60  ;  which  is  done  at  intervals 
of  about    14   or   15  days.     They   cover 
their  eggs  2\  or  3  feet  deep  in  the  fand, 
and  in  3  weeks   the  fun   hatches   them. 
They  then  emerge,  (being  about  the  big- 
nefs  of  a  dollar)  and  make   flowly    to- 
wards the  fea,  which  is  perhaps  50  vards 
off ;  but  on  this  fhort  pafTage  they  have 
many    enemies,   fuch    as    tigers,    eagles, 
hawks,  vultures,  &c.  and  when  they  reach 
the  water,  the  fharks,  which  are  h«re  in 
amazing  plenty,  prove  the  worft  enemy 
of  all,  fo  that  but  few  of  the  original  num- 
ber (330)  are  left  to  grow ;    however,  a 
fufficient  number  efcape,  to  caufe  a  gen- 
eral   increafc.      The   Englifli  evacuated 
this  country  in  the  year  1787,  and  '88, 
after  holding  it   about  80  years.     Their 
firft  pofTeffion  was  entirely  accidental.     A 
crew   of  Buckaneers   being  caft  away  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  kappening  to  fall 
in  by  travelling  with   the  river   Warks, 
which  empties  itfelf  at  the  afore-namad 
cape,  they  by  degrees  fettled  themfelves 
at  the  moft  convenient  places,  for  cutting 
andmanufadluring  mahogany,  with  which 
this  country  abounds,  and   were  in  fadt 
mafters  of  the  country.     The  Mofquito 
King,  George,  who  was  educated  in  Lon- 
don, and  is  fince  dead,  was  allowed  to 
have  the  nominal  command,  and  fince 

the 


M  o  tr 


M  0  U 


iJic  Englifli  have  left,  and  the  Spaniards 
come  into  poflellion,  the  King  of  the 
Mofquito  fliore  is  really  abfolute,  for 
they  have  a  fixed  avcrfion  to  the  Span- 
iards, and  will  not  allow  the  King  of 
Spain  to  be  their  mafler,  though  pleal'ed 
to  conlider  the  King  of  England  ia  that 
relation.     Capt.  Pratt. 

Mofquito  Cove,  on  the  coaft  of  Green- 
land, in  lat.  64  ^s,  and  long,  5a  57  W, 

Mofquito  Bay^  or  Mvjhito,  is  at  the  S  E 
extremity  of  the  ifland  of  St.Chfiftopher's, 
and  on  the  larboard  fide  of  the  channel 
of  the  Narrows,from  the  S  W  going  round 
the  point  along  the  fliore,  within  the  reef 
to  the  northward.  The  coaft  is  here  lin- 
ed with  rocks,  and  at  a  fmall  diftance  is 
from  4  to  6  fathoms,  on  the  W  N  W  fide 
of  Booby  IHand. 

Mofquito,  or  Mofquito  Cove^  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and  fouth- 
ward  of  Five  Iflands  Harbour. 

Mofquito  JJland,  one  of  the  fmall  Virgin 
Iflands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  near  the  N  coaft 
of  Virgin  Gorda,  on  which  it  is  depend- 
ent.    N  lat.  18  a5,W  long.  62^  15. 

Mofquito  Point  is  the  larboard  point  of 
the  channel  into  Port  Royal  Bay  in  Ja- 
maica, where  the  powder  magazines  are 
fetuated,  and,  on  which  13  a  battery  of  80 
guns,  for  the  defence  of  the  channel,which 
is  here  very  narrow.  Round  the  point 
to  the  northwefterly,  is  a  fpacious  bay  or 
bafon,  into  which  comes  the  river  of 
Spanifh  Town. 

Mofquito  Point,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
river  ElTcquiho,  on  the  coaft  of  Dutch 
Guiana,  S.  America;  round  which,  as 
fbon  as  fliips  are  within,  they  arc  direct- 
ed to  run  S  E  and  then  due  S,  and  come 
to  an  anchor  before  the  firft  village. 

Mothtr  Creek,  in  Kent  CO.  Delaware. 
See  Frederic  a. 

Motte  IJle,  a  fmall  ifland  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  8  miles  in  length  and  %  in 
breadth,  diftant  %  miles  W  of  North  He- 
ro Ifland.  It  conftituted  a  townfliip  of 
its  own  name  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont, 
named,  in  x%0%.  Vineyard,  which  fee. 

Moucba,La,  a  bay  on  the  coaft  of  Chi- 
li, on  the  W  coaft  of  S.  America. 

Moultonboreugh,  Stafford  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  now  called  New  Hampton,  which  fee. 

Moultrie  Fort.     See  Sullivan  s  IJland. 

Moultrieville,  a  town  lately  fettled  on 
Sullivan  Hland,  S.  Carolina.  Two  hun- 
dred dwelling  houfes  are  erected,  and  it 
is  a  place  of  great  refort  from  Charlcfton, 
during  the  fummer  and  autuum,  for  pleaf- 
urc  aud  health. 


Mount  Bethel,  Upper  and  Loivtr,  tw»' 
townfliips  in  Northampton  co.  Pennfyl- 
vania,  both  contain  2,234  inhabitants. 

Mount  Airy,  Surrey  co.  N.  Carolina. 
Here  is  a  poft  office  400  miles  from,'  Wafh- 
ington. 

Mountains,  Lake  of  the  Tivo,  K  dilatation 
of  the  mouth  of  Ottawa,  or  Grand  River, 
in  L.  Canada,  on  the  weftcrn  part  of  the 
Ifland  of  Montreal. 

Mountholly,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co. 
Vermont,  formed  out  of  a  part  of  Wal- 
lingsford,  a  part  of  Ludlow,  and  a  gore 
of  land  between  them.  It  contains  668 
inhabitants. 

Mount  Defert,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
Hancock  co.  Maine,  about  15  miles  long 
and  IS  broad.  It  is  a  valuable  tradl  of 
land,  interfedled  in  the  middle  by  the 
waters  flowing  into  the  S  fide  from  the 
fca.  There  are  two  confiderable  iflands 
on  the  S  E  fide  of  Mount  Defert  Ifland, 
called  Cranberry  Ifland,  which  afllft 
in  forming  a  harbour  in  the  gulf 
which  fets  up  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
ifland.  The  whole  ifland  contains 
1 121  inhabitants.  The  northerly  part 
of  the  ifland  was  formed  into  a  townihip 
called  Eden,  in  1796.  The  foutheaftern- 
moft  part  of  the  ifland  lies  in  about  lat. 
44  12  N.  On  the  main  land,  oppofitc 
the  N  pait  of  the  ifland,  are  the  towns 
of  Trenton  and  SuUivan.  It  is  ZZ5  miles 
N  E  of  Borton. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  with  a  poft  of- 
fice in  Burlington  co.  N.  Jerfey,  on  the 
bank  of  Ancocus  Creek,  12  miles  S  E  of 
Burlington, 

Mount  Hope  Bay,  in  the  N  E  part  of 
Narraganfet  Bay. 

Mount  yoli,  on  the  northern  coaft  of 
the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  in  Labrador. 

Mount  JJland,  on  the  above  coaft,  N  lat.- 
50  5,  W  long.  6 1  2,5- 

Mount  yovjthe  name  of  two  townfliips 
in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Lancafter,. 
the  other  in  Adams  county. 

Mount  Joy,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Pennfylvania,  16  miles  from  Litiz. 

Mount  Pleafant,  a  poft  town  in  Weft 
Chefter  co.  N.  York,  on  the  E  fide  of  Hud- 
fon's  river;  bounded  foutherly  by  Greenf- 
burg,  and  northerly  and  eaftcrly  by  Phil- 
lipfburg.  It  contains  2704  inhabitants. 
Alfo  the  name  of  a  townlhip  in  Adams 
CO.  Pennfylvania. 

Mount  Pleafant,  a  village  of  Maryland, 
fituated  partly  in  each  of  the  counties  of 
Queen  Ann  and  Caroline,  about  H  miles 
E  of  the  town  gf  Church  Hill. 

Mount 


M  O  U' 


U  XJ  C 


Mount  T/retf,  in  Parfon  co.  N  Carolina. 
Here  i»  a  pofl  offfice  296  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

Mount  Tom,  a  noted  mountain  on  the 
W  bank  of  Conne(5ticut  river,  near  North- 
ampton. Alfo  the  name  of  a  mountain 
between  Litchfield  and  Wafliington,  in 
Connecflicut. 

Mount    Ver}ior>,    the   feat    of  the   late 
George  Washington,  is  pieafantly  iit- 
viatcd  on  the  Virginia  bank  of  Patovvmac 
river,  in  Fairfax  co.  Virginia,  where  the 
river  is  nearly  1  miles  wide  ;  9  miles  be- 
low Alexandria  ;    127   from  Point  Look 
Out,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  280 
miles  from   the  fea.      The  area   of  the 
mount  is   200  feet  above  the  furface  of 
the  river;  and,  after  furnifliing  a  lawn 
of  five  acres  in  front,  and  about  the  fame 
in  rear  of  the  buildings,  falls  ofF  rather 
abruptly  on  thofc  two  quarters.     Oa  the 
N  end  itfublides  gradually  into  extenfive  I 
paflure  grounds  ;  while  on  the  S  't  flopes 
more  deeply,  in  a  fliort  diftance,  and  ter- 
minates with  the  coach  houfCjUables,  vine- 
yard, and  nurferies.     On   either  wing  is 
a  thick  grove  of  different  flowering  forcfl 
trees.     Parallel  with  them,  on  the  land 
frde,  are  two  fpacious  gardens,  into  which 
one  is  led  by  two  ferpeutine  gravel  walks,  ' 
planted  with  weeping  willows  and  fliady  i 
flirubs.     The  manfion  houfeitfclf  appears  : 
x'cnerabie  and  convenient.   A  lofty  porti-  j 
CO,  96  feet  in  length,  fupported  by  8  pil-  1 
lars,  has  a  plealing  cfTe(5l  when  viewed  , 
from  the  water ;  the  whole  affemblage  of  ! 
the  grecn-boufe,  fchool-houfe,ofHces,  and 
fervants'  balls,  when  feen  from  the  land 
fide,  bears  a  refemWance  to  a  rural  vil- 
lage ;  efpecially  as  the  lands  on  that  fide 
are  laid  out  fomewhat  in  the  form  of  En- 
gliili   gardens,   in    meadows    and   grafs    | 
grounds,  ornamented  with   little  copfts,    j 
circular  clumps, and  llngle  trees.    A  fmall    j 
park  on  the  river,  where  the  Englifli  fal- 
low deer  and  the  American  wild  deer  are 
feen  through  the  thickets,  alternately  with 
the  vefTtls  as  they   are  failing  along,  add 
a  romantic   and   piclHiurefque   appearance 
to  the  whole  fcenery.     On    the  oppolite  1 
fide  of  a   fmall  creek  to  the  northward, 
an  ext,enfive  plain,  exhibiting  corn-fields  ; 
and  cattle  grazing,  affords  in  fummer  a  ; 
hixuriant  landfcape  ;    while  the  blended 
verdure  of  woodlands  and  cultivated  clc- 
clivities,  on  the  Maryland   Ihore,   varie- 
gates the  profpecft  in  a  charming  manner. 
Such  are  the  philofophic  fliades  to  which 
the  Commander  in  chief  of  the  American 
army  retired  in,  1783,  at  the  clofe  of  a 


vi(5lorious  war ;  which  he  again  left  irf 
1789,  to  dignify  with  his  unequalled  tal- 
ents the  highefi:  office  in  the  gift  of  his 
fellow  citizens ;  to  which  he  again  re- 
treated, in  1797,  loaded  with  honours 
and  the  benedidlions  cf  his  country. 
Where,  in  1798,  having  again  heard  and 
obeyed  the  call  of  his  endangered  coun- 
try, to  command  her  armies,  he  was  fum- 
moned  on  the  14th  of  December  1799,  ^^ 
join  the  heavenly  hofts. 

Mount  Vernon,  ^.  town  in  Kennebeck 
CO.  Maine,  17  miles  N  W  of  Hallowell. 

Mount  IVaJhington,  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  ifland  of  N.  York. 

Mount  Wajbington^  one  of  the  hlgheft 
peaks  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  New 
Hampfhire. 
I  Mount  Wafoington^  the  fouthweftcrnmofl: 
townfliip  of  Maflachufctts,  in  Berkfliire 
CO.  158  miles  W  by  S  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  ^779,  and  contains  2-91 
inhabitants. 

Mdvfe  Hayhour^  at  the  E  fide  of  the  id- 
and  of  St.  John's,  and  at  the  S  W  angle 
of  lap  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  is  between 
Eaft  Point  and  Three  rivers,  and  goes  in 
with  a  fmall  creek  that  is  moderately 
fpacious  within. 

Moufum  River ^  a  fmall  river  in  York  co, 
Maine,  has  its  f^^>urces  for  its  fouthweft- 
ern  or  principal  branch,  in  ponds  in  the 
town  of  Shaplf ':gh  In  the  fame  county. 
It  pafTes  through  Sanford  to  its  confluence 
with  the  northeafterly  branch,  and  con- 
tinues the  fame  courfe  between  the  towns 
of  Wells  and  Arundel,  into  Wells  bay 
and  the  fea. 

Moivee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Ifles,  next 
in  lize  to,  and  N  W  of,  Owhyhec.  In  it 
ia  a  large  bay  of  a  femicircular  form  ;• 
oppo.lte  to  which  are  the  idands  Tahoor- 
ovva  Morokinnee.  It  is  about  162  milts 
in  circumference,  and  is  thought  to  con- 
tain nearly  70,000  inhabitants.  They 
are  favages,  the  arts  in  a  very  low  flate, 
their  morals  deplorable.  The  fandtity  of 
female  thaftity  is  unknown  ;  ignorant  of 
the  great  facriiicc  offered  on  Mount  Cal- 
vary, yet  confcious  of  guilt,  they  appeafe 
their  terrified  confciences  by  facrifices  of 
their  own  invention.  Hence  they  offer 
each  other  on  the  bloody  altar.  Their 
deities,  like  Moloch,  are  fuppofed  to  be 
pleaicd  with  the  expiring  agonies  and' 
ftreaming  blood  of  human  vidlims.  Lat, 
21  N,  long   155  W. 

Muyamcnfing,  a  townfliip  in  Philadel- 
phia CO.  N  of  tlie  city,  adjoining. 

Mucaiis  J/IuiiJ,  near  the  north  coaft of 

Cuba 


M  U  N 


M  U  S 


Cuba  Ifland,  In  the  W.  Indies,  which  with 
Ifland  Verde  lies  oppofite  lo  the  Cape 
Quibannano. 

Muddy  Lake,  In  U.  Canada,  is  fituated 
between  Lakes  Huron  and  George  ;  it  is 
about  Z5  or  30  miles  long,  and  nut  very 
■wide  ;  it  has  icvcral  fmall  iflands  of  which 
St.  Jofcph's,  it  fecms,  is  to  be  the  princi- 
pal. Smyth, 

Mud  Jjland,  in  Delaware  river,  is  6  or 
7  miles  below  the  city  of  Philadelphia  ; 
whereon  is  a  citadel  and  a  fort.  On  a 
fand  bar,  a  large  pier  has  been  erected, 
as  the  foundation  for  a  battery,  to  make 
a  crofs  fire. 

Mud  Lake,  in  the  State  of  N.  York,  Is 
fmall,  and  lies  a  little  S  of  Crooked  Lake. 
It  gives  rife  to  a  N  branch  of  Tioga  river. 

Mugeras  tjlands,  otherwife  called  Men- 
£aiers,  or  IV'imen- Eaters  Ifiands^  are  lO 
leagues  S  of  Cape  Catoche,  on  the  E  coafl 
of  the  ptninfula  of  Yucatan.  On  the  S 
of  them,  towards  the  land,  is  good  an- 
chorage in  from  7  to  8  fathoms,  and  clean 
ground. 

Muhltnhtrg,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  bounded 
N  and  N  P:  by  Ohio  co.  N  W  by  Hender- 
fon,  S  W  and  S  by  Chriftian,  and  S  E  by 
Logan,  4S  miles  long,  31  broad.  It  is 
watered  by  Green  and  Muddy  rivers 
with  their  branches.  It  coutaias  1517 
people,  116  being  in  flavery. 

Mulatre,  Paint ,  in  the  i/land  of  Domini- 
ca, in  the  W.Indies.  N  lat.  15  16,  W 
long.  61  31. 

Mulatto  Pointy  on  the  W  coafl  of  South 
America  i:s  the  S  cape  of  the  port  of  An- 
Con,  1 6  or  tSmilesNofCadavayllo  river. 

Mutgrave  Port.  See  Admiralty  Bay.  N 
lat.  67  45,  W  long.  165  9. 

Mulhe^an  Ritier,  in  Vermont,  rifes  In 
Lewis,  and  empties  into  Connecticut  riv- 
er, at  Brunfwick. 

Muliico  Hill,  Gloucefter  co.  N.  Jerfey. 
Here  is  a  port  oflice,  163  miles  from  Walli- 
ington. 

MuUicus  River,  in  N.  Jerfey,  Is  fmall, 
and  has  many  mills  and  iron  works  upon 
\ti  and  empties  into  Little  Egg  Harbour 
Bay,  4  miles  E  of  the  tovvn  of  Leeds.  It 
is  navigable  ao  miles  for  veflcls  of  60  tons. 

Muncey,  Lycoming  co.  Pennfylvanla. 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  231  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Mttncy,  a  creek  which  empties  into  the 
Sufquehannah  from  the  N  E,  about  23 
miles  N  of  the  tovvn  of  Northumberland. 

Mundcllfville,  Shenandoah  CO.  Viriginia. 
Here  is  a  pofl  office,  114  miles  from 
Wafliirtgton, 

Vol.  I  W  vj 


Miirfiii^  Dtlazvares,  and  Supoones,  3  IM.- 
dian  tribes,  w^ho  inhabit  at  Diagho,  and 
other  villages  up  the  N  branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah river.  About  20  years  ago, 
the  two  fitO:  could  furnllla  ijo  warriors 
each,  and  the  Sapoones  30  warriors. 

Murfte'Jhorotigby  a  poft  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, and  capital  of  G:itC5  co.  It  is  fitu- 
ated on  Meherrin  river,  and  contains  a 
few  houfes,  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  to- 
bacco ware-houfe.  It  carries  on  a  fmall 
trade  with  Edenton,  and  the  other  fea- 
port  towns.  It  is  3  miles  from  Prince- 
ton, I  'I  from  Winton,  50  N  by  -W  of  Eden- 
ton, and  42a  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Murga  Morgi  Ri'ver,  on  the  coall  of 
Cliili  in  S.  America,  is  fouthward  of  the 
S  point  of  Quintero  Bay,  and  not  far 
from  the  entrance  into  Chili  river.  It  is 
not  navigable,  but  is  very  good  to  water 
in. 

Murray  Toivhfoip,  In  the  CO.  of  North- 
umberland, U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  north- 
ward of  the  ifthmus  which  joins  the  co. 
and  peninfula  of  Prince  Edward  to  the 
main.  It  is  wathed  by  the  waters  of  lake 
Ontario  and  the  liver  Trent,  as  well  a« 
thofe  of  the  bay  of  Quinte.         SmytL 

Mufcle  Rank,  at  tlve  entrance  into  Trin- 
ity Bay  or  harbour,  in  the  diretflion  of 
S  W  on  the  E  coaft  of  Newfoundland 
Ifland. 

Mufcle  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellati, 
in  S.  America,  is  halfway  i^etwecn  Eliza- 
beth's Bay,  and  York  Road ;  in  which 
there  is  good  anchorage  with  a  wcfterly 
wind. 

Mufd:  Bay,  Of  M<f£tllones,  on  the  coafl 
of  Chiii  or  Peru,  in  S.  America,  5  leagues 
S  by  W  of  Atacama. 

Mufcle  Shoals,  in  TennelTee  river,  about 
250  miles  from  its  mouth,  extend  aboat 
25  miles,  and  derive  their  name  from  the 
number  of  foft  fliell  turtles  and  frelh 
water  clams  foUnd  there.  At  tUis  place 
the  river  fpreads  to  the  breadth  of  2  or 
3  miles,  and  forms  a  number  of  iflands; 
and  the  paiTage  is  difaculr,  except  wheri 
there  Is  a  fwell  in  the  river.  From  this 
place  up  to  the  Whirl  or  Suck,  where  the 
river  breaks  through  the  Great  Ridg6, 
or  Cumberland  Mountain,  is  250  miles, 
the  navigation  all  the  way  excellent. 
Froni  thefe  flioals  to  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  Coofee  is  40  riiiies,  thence  to  Mo*, 
bile  bay  350. 

Mi'Jkogulge,  Mtjhngee,  or,  as  they  are 
more  commonly  called,  Cteek  Indians,  in- 
habit the  middle  parts  of  Georgia,  The 
Creek  or  Muikogul<;e   language,  whicli 


M  U  S 


M  U  S 


h  foft  and  muflcal,  Is  fpoken  throughout 
the  confederacy,  (although  conilfting  of 
many  nations,  who  have  -a  fpecch  peculi- 
ar to  themlelves)  as  alfo  by  tlieir  friends 
and  allies  the  Natchez.  The  Chicafaw 
and  Chadlaw  language,  the  Muikogulges 
-  fay,  is  a  dialed:  of  thtirs.  The  Mullco- 
gulges  eminently  deferve  the  encomium 
'  of  all  nations  for  their  wifdom  and  virtue, 
in  expelling  the  greateft,  and  even  the 
.  common  enemy  of  n\3.n\i\inl,  viz.  fpirituous 
liquors.  The  firfl  and  moft  cogent  article 
in  all  their  treaties  with  the  wiiite  people 
is,  that  "  there  lliall  not  be  any  kiiid  of 
fpirituous  liquors  fold  or  brought  into 
their  towns."  Inflances  have  frequently 
occurred,  on  the  difcovery  of  attempts 
to  run  kegs  of  Ipirits  into  their  country, 
©f  the  Indians  (triking  them  with  their 
tomahawks,  and  giving  the  liquor  to  the 
thirfty  fand,  not  tafting  a  drop  themfelves. 
It  is  difficult  to  account  for  their  excel- 
lent policy  in  civil  government  ;  it  cin- 
not  derive  its  efficacy  from  coercive  laws, 
for  tliey  have  no  fuch  artificial  fyftem. 
Some  of  their  raofl  favourite  fongs  and 
dances  they  have  from  their  enemies,  the 
Chadlaws  ;  for  it  feems  that  nation  is  very 
eminent  for  poetry  and  muiic.  The  Muf- 
kogulges  allow  of  polygamy  in  the  utmofl: 
latitude  ;  every  man  takes  as  many  wives 
as  he  plcafes,  but  the  firfl:  is  queen,  and 
the  others  her  handmaids  and  alTociates. 
The  Creek  or  Muikogulge  confederacy 
have  S5  towns,  befides  many  villages. 
The  powerful  empire  of  the  Mufkogulges 
cftabliflied  itfelf  upon  the  ruin  of  that  of 
the  Natchez.  The  Oahmulg:  Fields  \\  as  the 
iirfi  iettiement  they  fat  down  upon,  after 
their  emigration  from  the  wed,  beyond 
the  Mifl'jhppi,  their  original  native  coun- 
try, 'llity  gradually  iubducd  their  fur- 
rounding  enemies,  ftrengthening  them- 
felves by  taking  into  confederacy  the 
vanquiilied  tribes.  Their  whole  num- 
ber, fonie  years  liuce,  was  17,280,  of 
which  5,860  were  fighting  men.  La- 
ter accounts  fay  6,000  fighting  men,  and 
.>6,COO  fouls  in  all.  Every  town  and  vil- 
lage has  one  cftabliflied  white  trader  in 
it,  and  generally  a  family  of  whites,  who 
have  fled  from  fome  pait  of  the  frontiers. 
They  often,  to  have  revenge,  and  to  ob- 
tain plunder  that  may  be  taken,  ufc  their 
influence  to  fend  out  predatory  parties 
againft  the  fettlements  in  tfieir  vicinity. 
The  Creeks  are  very  badly  armed;  hav- 
intg  few  rifles,  and  are  moftly  armed  with 
miilkets.  For  near  40  years  pad,  the 
Creek  hulians  liavc  had  little  iutei  courfe 


j  with  any  ether  foreigners,  but  thofe  of 
the  Engllfli  nation.  Their  prejudice  iu 
favour  of  every  thing  Englilh,  has  been 
carefully  kept  alive  by  tories  and  others 
to  this  day.  Mod  of  their  towns  haVc 
now  in  their  pofieffion,  Britidi  drums 
with  the  arms  of  the  nation,  and  other 
eml)lems  painted  en  them,  and  fome  of 
their  fquaws  prcferve  the  remnants  of 
Britifli  flags !  They  dill  believe  that  "The 
Great  King  over  the  water"  is  able  to 
keep  the  whole  world  in  fubjeAion.  The 
land  of  the  country  is  a  common  dock  ; 
and  any  individual  may  remove  from 
ci>e  part  of  it  to  another,  and  occupy  va- 
cant ground  where  he  can  find  it.  The 
country  is  naturally  divided  into  3  dif- 
trids,  viz.  the  Upper  Creeks,  Lower  and 
Middle  Creeks,  and  Seminoles.  The  up- 
per didricl  includes  all  the  waters  of  the 
Tallapoofee,  Coofahatchce,  and  Alabama 
rivers,  and  is  called  t!ie  Abbacoes.  The 
Lower  or  Middle  didiicft  includes  all  the 
waters  of  the  Chattahoofee  and  Flint  riv- 
ers, down  to  their  jundlion,  andalthougk 
occupied  by  a  great  number  of  different 
tribes,  tlie  v,  hole  are  called  Cowetaulgas, 
or  Coweta  people,  from  the  Cowetan 
town  and  tribe,  the  mod  warlike  aiid  aia- 
clent  of  any  in  the  whole  nation.  The 
Lower  or  Southern  didridt  takes  in  the 
river  Appalachicola,  and  extends  to  the 
point  of  E.  Florida,  and  is  called  the 
country  of  the  Seminoles.  Agriculture 
is  as  far  advanced  with  the  Indians,  as  it 
can  well  be,  without  the  proper  imple- 
ments of  hufbandry.  A  very  large  ma- 
jority of  the  nation  being  devoted  t» 
hunting  in  the  winter,  and  to  war  or 
idlenefs  in  dimmer,  cultivate  but  fmall 
parcels  of  ground,  barely  fufficient  for 
iubfidcnce.  But  many  individuals,  (par- 
ticularly on  Flint  river,  and  among  the 
Chtliaws,  who  pofTefs  numbers  of  ne- 
groes) have  fenced  fields,  tolerably  well 
cultivated;  having  no  ploughs,  they 
breakup  the  ground  with  hoes, and  fcat- 
tcr  the  feed  promifcuoufly  over  the 
ground  in  hills,  but  not  in  rows.  They 
raife  ho?  fts,  cattle,  fowls,  and  hogs.  The 
only  articles  tlicy  manufadure  are  earth- 
cm  pots  and  pan?,  bafktts,  ht)rfe-ropes 
or  halters,  fmoaked  leather,  black  marble 
pipes, wooden  fpoons,  and  oil  from  acorns, 
liickory  nuts  aiul  chefnuts.  They  con- 
lid  uf  the  Appalachics,  Alibamas,  Abceas, 
Cawittaws,  Coofas,  Cunfiiacks,  Coofac- 
tces,  Chaclihoomas,  Natchez,  Oconies, 
Oakmulgics,  Okohoys,  Pakanas,  'faenfas^ 
Talepoofas,  M^'tctumkas,  and  fome  others. 

Their 


M  U  S 


NAB 


Their  union  has  rendered  t!iem  vJ^flori- 
ous  over  the  Chadlavvs,  and  formidable 
to  all  the  nations  around  thcni.  They 
are  a  well  made,  expert,  hardy,  Sagacious, 
politic  people,  txtiemeiy  jealous  of  their 
rights,  and  averfe  to  p/rting  with  their 
lands.  Tiiey  have  abundance  of  tame 
cattle  and  fwine,  turkies,  ducks,  and  oth- 
er poultry  ;  they  cultivate  tobacco,  rice, 
Indian  corn,  potatoes,  beans,  peas,  cab- 
bage, melons,  and  have  plenty  of  peaches, 
plums,  grapes,  ftrawbtrries,  and  other 
fruits.  They  are  faithful  friends,  but  in- 
veterate enemies ;  hofpitable  to  (Irangers, 
and  honefl:  and  fair  in  their  dealings.  No 
nation  has  a  more  contemptible  opinion 
of  the  white  men's  faith  in  general  than 
thefe  people,  yet  they  place  great  confi- 
dence in  the  United  States,  and  wifli  to 
agree  with  them  upon  a  permanent 
boundary,  over  which  the  fouthcrn  States 
Ihall  not  trefpafs.  The  country  which 
they  claina  is  bounded  northward  by 
about  the  34th  degree  of  latitude  ;  and 
extends  from  the  Tombeckbee,  or  Mobile 
river,  to  the  Atlantic  ocean,  though  they 
have  ceded  a  part  of  this  tract  on  the 
fea  coafl:,  by  different  treaties,  to  the 
State  of  Georgia.  Tlieir  principal  towns 
lie  in  lat.  32  and  long,  il  zO  from  Phila- 
delphia. They  are  fettled  in  a  hilly  but 
not  mountainous  country.  The  foil  is 
fruitful  in  a  high  degree,  and  well  water- 
ed,abounding  in  creeks  and  rivulets,  from 
whence  they  are  called  the  Crgpk  Indians. 

Miifconecunk^  a  fmall  river  of  N,  Jcrfey, 
which  empties  into  the  Delaware  6  miles 
below  Eafton. 

Mujhingnm^  that  is,  ElFs  Eye,  a  naviga- 
ble river  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  It  is  250 
vards  wide  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Ohio,  17a  miles  below  Pittfourg,  includ- 
ing the  v.'indings  of  Ohio,  though  in  a  di- 
retSt  line  it  is  but  90  miks.  At  its  mouth 
(lands  Fort  Harrnar  and  Marietta.  Its 
banks  are  fo  high  as  to  prevent  its  over- 
flowing, and  it  is  navigable  by  large  bat- 
teaux  and  barges  to  the  Three  Legs,  no 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  by  finall  boats 
to  the  lake  at  its  head,  45  miles  farther. 
From  thence,  by  a  portage  of  about  one 
mile,  a  communication  is  opened  to  Lake 
Erie,  through  Cayahoga,  a  fiream  of  great 
utility,  navigable  the  whole  length,  with- 
out any  obftru(flion  from  falls.  From 
Lake  Erie,  the  avenue  is  well  known  to 
Hudfon's  river  in  the  State  of  N.  York. 
The  land  on  this  river  and  its  branches 
is  of  a  fuperior  quality,  and  the  country 
abounds  in  fprings  and  eonveniences  fit- 


I  ted  to  fettlemenfi5  remote  fro"n  fca  navl- 
}  gation,  viz.  fait  fprings,  coal,  free-ftone, 
and  clay.  A  valuable  fait  fpring  has 
been  very  lately  difcovered,  8  miles  from, 
this  river,  and  50  from  Marietta,  called 
the  B^g  Sprirg.  Such  a  quantity  of  water 
flows,  as  to  keep  1000  gallons  c'onftantly 
b.oiling.  Ten  gallons  of  this  water  will 
aiTord  a  quart  of  fait  of  fuperior  quality 
to  any  made  on  the  fea  coafl. 


Mufkun, 


UjKongMS^ 


a   fmall  river  v,'hich  has  its 


fources  in^ponds  in  the  town  of  Union  in 
the  CO.  of  Lincoln,  Maine,  and  enters  the 
fea  through  the  adjoining  town  of  Waldo- 
borough.     It  is  about  20  miles  long. 

Mujhongus  Bay,  n^rmed  by  Bri/ftol  or 
Pemaquid  point  on  the  W,  and  Medun- 
cook  plantation  on  the  eafl:. 

Mujlongus  IJland,  in  Mufkongus  bay, 
contains  about  1000  acres.  This  Indian 
name  is  alfo  apphed  to  a  grant  or  claim 
of  land  called  'The  Mujhongus  Patent. 

JVEufquohhs  Indians  inhabit  the  fouthem 
waters  of  Lake  Michigan,  having,  20 
years  ago,  aoo  warriors. 

Mufqiiatons,  an  Indian  tribe  inhabiting 
near  Lake  Michigan. 

Mufquiio  River  and  Bay  He  at  a  fmall 
diflance  N  of  Cape  Canaverel,  on  the 
coafl;  of  E.  Florida.  The  banks  of  Muf- 
qulto  river  towards  the  continent  abound 
in  trees  and  plants  common  to  Florida, 
with  pleafant  orange  groves  ;  wiiilft  the 
narrow  (trips  of  land  towards  the  fea, 
are  moftly  fand  hills. 

Mufqviiom,  an  Indian  nation  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Piankeflaaws  and 
Outtagomies;  which  fee. 

Myerjloivn,  a  village  of  Dauphin  co. 
Pennfylvania,  lituated  on  the  N  fide  of 
Tulpehockon  creek,  a  few  miles  below 
the  canal.  It  contains  about  1$  houfes, 
and  is  3^  miles  E  by  N  of  Harrifburg, 
and  77  from  Philadelphia. 

Mynomanics,  or  Minomanles,  an  Indian 
tribe,  who  with  the  tribes  of  Chipeways 
and  Saukeys,  live  near  Bay  Puan,  and 
could  together  furnilh,  about  20  years 
3go>  SS'^  warriors.  The  Minomanics 
have  about  300  fighting  men. 

Myrtle  Ijlcind,  one  of  the  Chandeleurs  or 
Myrtle  Iflands.in  Nalfau  Bay,  on  the  coaft 
of  Florida,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  peninfula. 

N 

NaAMAN's  Creek,  a",  fmall  flreara 
which  runs  foutheaflcrly  into  Delaware 
river,  at  Marcus'  LIoo'ic. 

NaFs  Bay,  near  the  weflern  limit  of 
Hudfon's 


NAN 


NAN 


Hudfon's  Bay,  known  by  the  name  of  the 
Welcome  Sea.  Cape  Efkimaux  is  its 
fouthern  point  or  entrance. 

Kaco,  a  town  of  New  Spain,  in  the 
province  of  Honduras,  ^o  miles  N  W  of 
Valadoild. 

Nahant  Point  forms  the  N  E  point  of 
Bofton  harbour,  in  Al^ffachufetiS ;  9 
miles  E  N  E  of  Bofton.     N  lat.  42  27,  W 

long.  70  57.      See  Lynn  Beach. 

Nahunkeag,  A  fmall  iiland  in  Kennebeck 
river,  38  miies  from  the  lea,  fignifses,  in 
the  Indian  language,  the  land  where  eels 
are  taken. 

No'n,  a  Moravian  fettlcment,  which 
-was  eftablifned  in  1763,  on  Lehigh  river, 
in  Pennfy'vania. 

Nain^  a  fettlement  of  the  Moravians  on 
the  coaft  of  Labrador,  near  the  entrance 
of  Davis's  Straits,  being  S  S  W  of  Cape 
Farewell.  It  was  begun  under  the  pro- 
tecSlion  of  the  Britifli  government,  but  is 
now  defcrted. 

N.'m:Jhet,  a  fmall  river  which  empties 
into  Narraganfet  Bay. 

Navjcmoy  River,  a  fliort  creek  which 
empties  into  the  Patowmac  in  Charles 
CO.  Maryland,  fouthweftward  of  Port 
Tobacco  river. 

Nanjtmey,  Charles  CO.  Maryland.  Here 
is  a  port  office, 44  miles  from  V/afhington. 

Nanjewond^  a  county  of  Virginia,  on  the 
S  fide  of  James'  river,  and  W  of  Norfolk 
CO.  on  the  N.  Carolina  line.  It  is  about 
44  miles  in  length,  and  24  in  breadth, 
and  contains  n,iZ7  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 4,408  flaves. 

Nanfemondy  a  fliort  fiver  of  Virginia, 
which  rifes  in  Great  Difmal  Swamp,  and 
purfuing  a  N  then  a  N  E  dircin;ion,  emp- 
ties into  Jameb'  river,  a  few  miles  W  of 
lElizabeth  river.  It  is  navigable  to  Sleepy 
Hole,  for  veflels  of  250  tons ;  to  SuflToIk, 
for  thofe  of  100  tons  ;  and  to  Milncr's, 
for  thofe  of  25  tons. 

ITantaJhet  Road,  may  be  conudercd  as 
the  entrance  into  the  channels  of  Boflon 
harbour  ;  lies  S  of  the  light-houfc,  near 
Rainsford  or  Hofpltal  Iiland.  A  velTcl 
may  anchor  here  in  from  7  to  5  fathoms 
in  iaftty.  Two  huts  are  eredled  here 
\vith  accommodations  for  fliip wrecked 
feamen. 

Nanticoke  Creek^  now  called  the  river 
Wavenny,  in  U.  Canada,  empties  into  L. 
Erie  between  Long  Point  and  Grand 
Iliver. 

Nanticoke^  a  navigable  rivcl-  of  the  eaft- 
♦'rn  fhore  of  Maryland,  empties  into  the 
ChefApe4k  Bay. 


Njnticokes,  an  Indian  nation  who  foift 
merly  lived  in  Maryland,  upon  the  above 
river.  They  firfl:  retired  to  the  Sufquc- 
hannah,  ancl  then  farther  north.  They 
wtre  Ikilled  in  the  art  of  poifoning  ;  by 
which  fliocking  art  nearly  their  whole 
tribe  was  extirpated,  as  well  as  Ibme  of 
their  neighbours.  Thcfe,  with  the  Mo- 
hickons  and  Conoys,  30  years  ago  inhab- 
ited Utfonango,  Chagnct  and  Owegy,  on 
the  E  branch  of  the  Sufquehannah.  The 
two  firfl;  could  at  tliat  period  furnilli  lo© 
warriors  each  ;  and  the  Conoys  30  war- 
riors. 

NjntTnJll,  Eiiji  and  Wef,  two  townfliips 
in  CheQer  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Nantucl'irt  Ifuind,  belonging  to  the  State 
of  Maffachulttts,  is  fituated  between  lar, 
^  r  13,  and  41  22  30  N,  and  between  69 
56,  and  70  13  30  V/  Ion.  and  is  about  8 
leagues  fouthward  of  Cape  Cod,  and  lies 
eafiward  of  the  iiland  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard. It  is  15  miles  in  length,  and  n  in 
breadth,  including  Sandy  Point ;  but  its 
general  breadth  is  3^  miles.  This  is 
tliought  to  be  the  ifland  called  Nautkon 
by  ancient  voyagers.  I'here  is  but  one 
bay  of  any  note,  and  that  is  formed  by 
a  long  fandy  point,  extending  from  the 
E  end  of  the  ifland  to  the  N  and  W  (on 
which  (lands  a  light-houfe,  which  was 
ere<5led  by  the  State  in  1784)  and  on  the 
north  fide  of  the  iiland  as  far  as  Eel  Point. 
This  makes  a  fine  road  for  iliips,  except 
with  the  wind  at  N  W,  when  there  is  a 
heavy  fwell.  The  harbour  has  a  bar  of 
fand,  on  which  are  only  7^  ftet  of  water 
at  ebb  tide,  but  within  it  has  I2  and  14 
feet.  The  ifland  conftitutcs  a  county  of 
its  own  name,  and  contains  5,617  inhabit- 
ants, and  fends  one  rcprefen^tativc  to  the 
General  Court.  There  is  a'duck  manu- 
fatftcry  here,  and  10  fpermaceti  works. 
The  inhabitants  arc,  for  the  mod  part,  a 
robuft  and  enterpriling  fct  of  people, 
moftly  fearnen  and  mechanics.  The  fea- 
men  are  the  moft  expert  whale-men  in 
the  world.  The  whale  fifliery  originated 
among  the  white  inhabitants  in  the  year 
1 690,  in  boats  from  the  ihore.  In  1715, 
they  had  6  floops,  38  tons  burden,  and 
the'fiflicry  produced  iiool.  fieri.  From 
1772,  to  1775,  the  fifliery  employed  150 
fail  from  90  to  180  tons,  upon  the  coafi: 
of  Guinea,  Brazil,  and  the  Weft  Indies  ;, 
the  produce  of  which  amounted  to  167, 
Gool.  fterl.  The  late  war  almofl  ruined 
this  bufinefs.  They  have  fincc,  however, 
revived  it  again,  and  purlue  the  whales 
even  into  the  great  Paciiic  Ocean .    There 

is. 


N  A  N 


N  A  S 


i,-,  not  here  afioglc  tree  of  natural  growth ; 
they  hav€  a  place  called  The  Woods, 
iiut  it  has  been  deftitute  of  trees  for  thefe 
<?o  years  ppft.  The  iftand  had  formerly 
plenty  of  wood.  The  people,  efpecially 
the  females,  are  fondly  attached  to  the 
jiknd,  and  few  wifli  to  migrate  to  a  more 
delirable  fituation.  The  people  are  mcft- 
}y  Friends,  ox  Qurikers.  There  is  one  ib- 
ciety  of  Congrcgationalifl:.  Some  part 
of  the  E  end  of  tlit  ifland,  known  by  the 
name  of  Squam,  and  Ibme  few  other  pla- 
ces, are  held  as  private  farms.  At  prcl- 
cnt.  there  are  near  3C0  proprietors  of  the 
ifland.  The  proportional  number  of  cat- 
tle, flieep,  &c.  put  out  to  pafture,  and  the 
quantity  of  ground  to  raife  crops,  are 
minutely  regulated;  and  proper  officers 
are  appointed,  who,  in  their  books  debit 
and  credit  the  proprietors  accordingly. 
In  the  month  of  June,  each  proprietor 
fjives  in  to  the  clerks  the  number  of  his 
fiieep,  cattle,  and  horfes,  that  he  may  he 
(Charged  with  them  in  the  books  ;  and  if 
the  number  be  more  than  he  is  entitled 
to  by  his  rights,  he  hires  ground  of  his 
neighbours  vvi>o  have  lefs.  But  if  the 
proprietors  altogether  have  more  than 
their  number,  the  overplus  are  either  kill- 
ed or  tranfported  from  the  illand. 

In  the  year  1 659,  when  Thomas  Macy 
removed  with  his  family  from  Salifbury  in 
Eflex  CO.  to  the  W  end  of  the  ifland,  with 
feveral  other  families,  there  were  nearly 
3,000  Indians  on  the  ifland,  who  were 
kind  to  ftrangers,  and  benevolent  to  each 
other,  and  lived  happily  until  contami- 
nated by  the  bad  example  of  the  whites, 
who  introduced  rum  ;  and  their  number 
feon  began  to  decreafe.  Tht  whites  had 
no  material  quarrel  or  diiliculty  with 
them.  The  natives  fold  their  lands,  and 
the  whites  Avent  on  purchafing ;  till,  in 
Fme,  they  have  obtained  the  whole,  ex- 
cept fome  fmall  rights,  which  are  ftill 
letained  by  tlve  natives.  A  mortal  fick- 
pefs  carried  ofF  %%%  of  them  in  1764  ; 
and  they  are  now  reduced  to  4  males, 
and  16  females. 

Naiitnclitj  (formerly  Sherhurne)  a  port 
town,  capital  and  port  of  entry  in  the 
^bove  ifland.  l"he  exports  in  the  year 
ending  Sept.  30, 1794,  amotmted  to  20,514 
dollars.  It  is  60  miles  S  E  of  New  Bed- 
ford, 123  S  W  of  Bofton,  and  38Z  E  N  E 
of  Philadelphia. 

Nantucket  Shoal,  a  bank  which  ftretrhes 
out  above  15  leagues  in  length,  and  6  in 
breadth,  to  the  S  E  from  the  ifland  of  its 
came. 


N'ifituxet  Bay,  N.  Jerfcy,  is  on  the  caft. 
ern  fide  of  DelWarc  Bay,  oppolite  Bom- 
bay Hook. 

NarroganfetBay,  Rhode  Ifland, makc$  up 
from  S  to  N,betwcen  the  main  land  on  the 
E  and  W.  It  emboioms  many  fruitful  aud 
beautiful  iflandSjtheprincipal  of  which  are 
Rhode  Ifland,  Canonicut,  Prudence,  Pa- 
tience, Hope, Dyer's, and  Hoglflands.  The 
chief  harbours  are  Newport,  Wickford, 
Warrtn,  Briftol,  and  Greenwich,  befides 
Providence  and  Patuxet  ;  the  latter  is 
near  the  mouth  of  Patuxet  river,  which 
falls  into  Providence  river.  Taunton 
river  and  many  fmaller  fit  earns  fall  into 
this  capacious  bay.  It  affords  fme  lilh, 
oyfters  and  lobfters  in  great  pler.ty. 

Narragiiagus  Bay.  A  part  of  the  bay 
between  Goldfborough  and  Machias,  \\\ 
Wailiington  co  Maine,  goes  by  this  name. 
From  thence  for  the  Ipacc  of  60  or  70 
miles,  the  navigator  finds,  within  a  great 
number  of  fine  ijlands,  a  fecure  and  pleaf- 
:mt  fliip-way.  Many  of  thefe  ifland^  arc 
inhabited,  and  make  a  fine  appearance, 
A  river  of  the  fame  name  falLs  into  the 
bay,  through  the  town  of  Harrington. 

Narraguagusy  a  town  ou  the  above  bay, 
now  Steuben  ;  which  fee. 

Nartoiiis,  The.  The  narrow  paiTage 
from  icA,  between  Long  and  Staten  lli- 
ands  into  the  bav  which  fpreads  before 
N.  York  city,  formed  by  the  jundlion  of 
Hudfon  and  Eaft  rivei-s.  is  thus, called. 
This  llrai:  is  9  miles  S  of  tlie  city  of  N. 
York. 

Narroivs,  The,  a  flrait,  about  3  miles 
broad,  between  the  iflands  of  Nevie  and 
St  Chrlfiopher's  Iflands,  in  the  Vv  .  Indies. 
Narroivsy  The,  OX  Petite  Detroit,  in  the 
river  St  Tawrence  in  If  Canada,  ic  be- 
tween Grenadier  Ifland  and  the  towailup 
No.  10,  or  Efcot,  now  included  in  Yonge. 
Najh,  a  CO.  of  Halifax  dillric%  N.  Car- 
olina, containing  6,975  inhabitants,  of 
whom  2,596  are  fiaves.  Ihere  is  a  large 
and  valu-ible  body  of  iron  ore  in  this 
CO.  but  only  one  bloomery  has  yet  been 
ercdtcd.  The  court  houfe,  where  a  poft 
office  is  kept,  is  2S  miles  from  Tarbor- 
ough,  and  as  far  from  Lewifburg. 

Najbaun,  or  Naivfha-an,  oiiG  01  the  Eliz- 
abeth Ifles,  the  property  of  the  Hon. 
James  Bowdoin,  Efq.  of  Bxjfton,  fituated 
at  the  mouth  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  3 
miles  from  the  extremity  of  the  peniufu- 
la  of  Barnft.ible  co.  Confidcrable  num- 
bers of  ilicep  and  cattle  are  fupported 
upon  this  ifland;  and  it  has  become  fa- 
mous for  its  excellent  wool  and  cb-eefe. 

Here 


N  A 


N  A  S 


Here  C^nt.  Bartliolnmew  Gofnoid  land- 
ed in  i6oz,  and  took  up  his  abode  for 
feme  rime. 

Nafjua  River^  is  a  confidcraMe  ftrcam 
jn  Wc»rccftcr  co.  MaffachufcttP,  and  hi!5 
rich  interval  lands  on  its  hanks.  It  en- 
ttTR  Merrimack  river  at  Duuftahle.  Its 
courle  is  N  N  E. 

N>Jhiul!c,  a  pofi:  town  of  Mero  Diflridl 
in  Tenneflee,  plcafantly  fituated  in  Da- 
vidlbn  CO.  on  the  S  bank  of  Cumberland 
river,  \vhere  it  h  2,00  yards  broad.     It  was  i 
named  after  Brig.  Gen.  Francis  Naih,  who  j 
fell  on  the  4th  of  O'.-l.  177  7, in  tlie  battle  I 
of  Germantown.     It  is  regularly  laid  out,  \ 
and  contains   345   inhabitants,  a    court-  i 
hoLife,   gaol,    an    academy  liberally  en-  i 
dewed,  a  cl.urch  for   Prefbyterians,  and  j 
t>ne  for  Mcthodifts.     It  is  the  feat  of  the  I 
courts  held  fenii-annually  for  the  diftri(fl 
of  Mero,  and  of  the  courts  of  pleas  and  ; 
quarter  feffions   for  Davidfon  co.     It  is  \ 
185  miles  W  of  Knoxville,   66  from  Big 
Salt  Lick  oarrifon,   190  S  by  W  of  Lex- 
ington in  Kentucky,  635  W  by  S  of  Rich- 
mond in  Virginia,   and    1015  W  S  W  of 
Philadelphia.     N  lat.  35  45,  W  long.  87 
8.     Heavy  articles  are  brought  here  from 
N.  Orleans   in  boats  of  20  tons  burden ; 
the  voyage  generally  requires  60  days. 

N^Jkea^  Point,  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
is  the  eaftern  point  of  Penoblicot  Bay,  in 
the  town  of  SedgAvick. 

Nafpatuchst    River.      See    Wanafpatucket. 
Najfas  River.      See  5/.  Andre. 
Nojfau  Bay,  or  Spitito  S^nto,  is  a  large 
bay  on  the  coafl  of  W.  Florida,  about  70 
miles  from  N  to  S.     It  has  4  iflands  on  a 
line  for  50  miles  from  S  W  to  N  E,  with 
openings  between  them  a  mile  or  two 
wide.     The  mofl  northerly  is  called  Myr- 
tle Ifland,  between  which,  and  the  conti-  | 
nent,  is  the  entrance  of  the  bay.     The  ! 
bay  is  15  miles  broad  from  Myrtle  Ifland  i 
to  a  row  of  ifiands  running  parallel  with  j 
the  main  land,  and  another  bay  between  : 
them  ftretching  50  or  60  rr.lles  to  the  S,  j 
as  far  as  one  ol  the  finaller  mouths  of  the  1 
Miffifippi.      See  Naffau  Road.  I 

Najfau  Bay,  an   extenftve  bay  of  the 
ocean,  on  the  S  ccaft  of  Terra  del  Fuego 
ifland,  at  the  S  extremity  of  S.  Ami-rica. 
It  is  to  the  E  of  Falfc  Cape  Horn,  which 
forms  the  weftern  limit  of  the  bay  ;  Cape 
Hern  being  the  S  point  of  the  fouthern- 
mofl:  of  the  Hermit  s  Ifland'*,  a  group    of  , 
iflands  which  lie  off  the  coafl  oppofite  to  ' 
this  bay.     This  bay  i»  large   and   open,  ; 
well  flieltered  from  tlie  tempefts  of  the 
ocean.     It  is  capal>le  of  holding  a  fleet  of    j 


fliips ;  and  though  there  nre  fmall  iflands 
near  its  entrance,  all  the  dangers  are  vifi- 
ble,  and  fliips  may  fail  freely  between 
them,  or  on  each  fide  of  them.     See  Mif' 

t.ilen   Cabe, 

NiJ^au  Cape,  on  the  coafl  of  Surrinam, 
or  N  E  of  S.  America,  is  to  the  N  N  W  of 
Eficquibo  gulf,  and  the  E  point  of  the  en- 
trance into  the  river  Pumarcn.  It  is  in 
about  lat.  7  40  N,  and  long.  59  30  W. 
I  Najfiu  Cape,  on  the  N  lliore  01  Terra 
Firms,  S.  America. 

Najfau,  a  fmall  town  in  Dauphin  co. 
Penniylvania.  It  contains  a  German 
church,  and  about  '^$  houfes.  It  is  aliV. 
called  Kdt??p/ionvn. 

N-tJav  ifand,  at  the  mouth  of  Byram 
river,  in  Long  Itland  Sound. 

Najfuu  Road,  on  the  coafl  of  Wefl-FIori- 
da,  lies  W  of  Mobil-  Bay,  5  leagues   to 
the  northward  of  Ship  Ifland,  and  within 
the  north  end  of  the  Chandeleurs  or  Myr- 
tle Iflands.     It  is  one  of  the  beil  reads  for 
large  veifels  on  the  whole  coafl  of  Florida. 
It  affords  good  flicker  from  winds   that 
blow  on  fliore,  has  no  bar,  and  is  cafy  of 
acccfs.  Veifels, however,  muft  not  go  with- 
in -^  of  a  mile  of  the  infide  of  the  ifland, 
it  being  flioal  near  that  diftance  from  the 
fhore.     Veifels  may  go  round  the  north 
end  of  it  from  the  lea  in  ^k  and  6  fathoms, 
at  h  a  mile  from  the  fliore,  and  afterwards 
mufl   keep   in   4^  and  5  fathoms   till  the 
north  point    bears  N  N  E  about  2.  miles, 
where  they  can  anchor  in  4  fathoms  good 
holding  ground,  flieltered    from  eafterly 
and  foutherly  winds  ;  this  is  necelTary  for  . 
all  veffels  frequenting  the  coafl:  of  Florida, 
as  eafterly  winds  are  very  frequent.  There 
is  frefli  water  to  be  got  any  where  on  the 
Chandeleurs   by  digging;  and  there  is  a 
kind  of  well  at  the  north  end,  near  an  old 
hut.     There  is  no  wood  to  be  found  here 
but  drift  wood,  of  which   there  is  great 
plenty   along  fliore.     Nalfau  Road   was 
firfl   difcovered  by  Dr.  Daniel  Cox,    of 
New-Jerfey,  who  named  it  fo  in  honour 
of  the  reigning  Prince,  William  III.     He 
alfb  gave  the  name  of  Myrtle  Iflands  to 
thofe   afterwards  called  Chandeleurs,  by 
the  French,  from  the  candles  made  of  the 
myrtle  wax,    with   which    thefc    iflands 
abound. 

Najfau  River,  on  tlie  coafl  of  Eafl- Flori- 
da, has  a  bar  generally  about  8  feet  water, 
but  is  fubjc(51:  to  fliifting.  The  tides  are 
about  7  feet  at  low  fpring  tides,  Au  ES 
Emoon  makes  high  water  here,  as  alfo  in 
mofl  places  along  the  coafl. 

Nafau,  the  chief  town  of  Providence 
Ifland, 


NAT 


N  A  V 


iriafid,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  and  the  feat 
of  government.  N  lat.  25  3.  It  is  the 
only  port  of  entry  except  at  Turk's  Ifland. 
See  Bahamas. 

Najlla,  a  town  of  Mexico.     Sec  Anvdos. 

Nuta,  a  town  and  bay  in  the  province 
of  I'crra  Firma,  S.  America.  The  bay  of 
Nata  lies  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  Ifthmus  of 
Daricn,  and  on  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
From  hence  and  the  adjacent  parts,  pro- 
vifious  are  fent  for  the  fupply  of  the  in- 
habitants of  Panama,  which  city  is  67 
miles  N  E  of  Nata.  The  bay  is  fpacious 
and  deep,  but  is  not  ufed  by  fliips,  but 
in  cafes  of  neceflity,  as  they  are  liable  to 
be  embayed  by  the  winds  that  blow  fre- 
quently at  E  upon  the  fliorc.  The  bay 
extends  to  the  illand  Iguenas.  N  lat.  8 
1 2,  W  long.  2.1  12. 

Nata  Point.  OX  Cbama,  OF  ChuLmu  Cape, 
is  at  the  W  point  of  the  gulf  of  Paiaama, 
from  whence  the  coalt  trends  W  to  Ha- 
guera  Point  7  leagues.  All  fliips  bound 
to  the  N  W  and  to  Acapulco  make  this 
point.  It  is  alfo  called  the  S  poiut  of  the 
bay,  which  lies  within  on  the  W  fide  of 
this  great  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Niitacbquoin  liivtr,  a  large  river  of  the 
coaft  of  Labrador,  in  N.  America,  to  the 
wefUvard  of  Nafquirou  rivtr,  under 
Mount  Joli,  where  it  forms  a  foutherly 
cape  in  lat.  50  25  N,  and  long.  60  45  W. 
The  little  Natachquoin  is  to  the  W  S  W 
of  this. 

Natal,  a  cape  and  town,  on  the  S  fliore 
f)f  the  Rio  Grande,  on  the  N  E  coafl:  of 
Brazil  in  S.  America,  is  to  the  S  W  of  the 
four-fquare  flioal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  en- 
trance of  that  river,  which  contains  feme 
dangerous  rocks.  On  this  point  is  the 
CalUe  of  the  Three  Kings,  or  Fortaleza 
des  Tres  Magos.  The  town  of  N-ital  is 
3  leagues  from  the  c^ftle,  before  which  is 
good  anchorage  for  fhips,  in  from  4  to  5 
fathoms,  and  well  fecured  from  winds. 

Natc/jez, the  principal  town  of  the  Mif- 
fifippi  territory,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Mifli- 
lippi,  300  miles  N  of  N.  Orleans  by  water, 
150  by  the  lake  road.  It  has  a  Roman 
Cath.  church,  and  is  defended  by  a  fort. 

Natchez,  a  powerful  nation  of  Indians 
who  formerly  inhabited  the  country  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  Miffifippi.  Fort  Rofalie 
is  fituated  in  the  country  which  they  pof- 
fclled,  in  lat.  31  40.  Nothing  now  re- 
mains of  this  nation  but  the  name,  by 
which  the  country  continues  to  be  called. 
The  Creeks  or  Mufkogulges  rofe  upon 
the  ruins  of  this  nation.  The  French 
completed  their  deftruclion  1730.     The 


Natchez  or  Sun  Set  Indians,  area  part  of 
the  Creek  conlcderacy  which  they  joined 
after  they  left  LouUlana. 

Noichhoches.  A  tracSt  of  country  in 
LouifianajOn  the  river  Rouge,  or  Red  riv- 
er, bears  this  name.  The  French  had  a 
very  conliderable  poft  on  this  river  called 
Natchitoches.  It  was  a  frontier  on  the 
Spanifli  fcttlements,  being  20  milts  from 
the  fort  of  Adayes,  and  70  leagues  from 
the  confluence  of  the  Rouge  with  the 
Miihfippi.     See  Louif.ana. 

Natkk,  an  ancient  townfliip  in  Middle- 
fcx  CO.  MafTachufetts,  fituated  upon 
Charles  river,  18  miles  S  W  of  Bofton, 
and  10  N  W  of  Dedham.  Its  name  in 
the  Indian  language  fignifies,  "  The  place 
of  hills."  The  famous  Mr.  Eliot  form- 
ed a  religious  fociety  here;  and  in  1670, 
there  were  50  Indian  communicants.  At 
his  motion,  the  General  Court  granted 
the  la;  d  in  this  town,  containing  about 
6coo  acres,  to  the  Indians.  It  was  inr- 
corporatcd  into  an  Englifli  diflritSl  in 
1761,  and  into  a  townihip  in  1781  ;  and 
now  contains  694  inhabitants. 

Natttnat,  an  Indian  village  on  Nootka 
Sound,  on  the  N\V  coaft  of  N.America.  It 
has  a  remarkable  cataradl,  or  water-fali, 
a  few  miles  to  the  northward  of  it.  N 
lat.  48  40,  W  long,  from  Greenwich,  124  6. 

Natural  Uridge.      See  Rochhridge    Counts, 

Naudoivifies^  an  Indian  nation  inhabit- 
ing lands  between  Lakes  Michigan  and 
Superior.     Warriors,  500. 

Nainnitutk  Jsiver,  a  northeaftern  branch 
of  Houfatonic  river  in  Connecticut.  A 
great  number  of  mills  and  iron  works 
are  upon  this  ftream  and  its  branches. 

Navarre,  A  province  of  New  Mexico,  on 
the  N  E  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  California, 
which  fep? rates  it  from  the  peninfula  of 
California,  on  the  S  W. 

Na-vafw,  a  fmall  illand  in  the  Wind- 
ward Pairage,or  flrait  betAveen  Cuba  and 
Hifpaniola  in  the  W.  Indies.  Thither 
the  inhabitants  of  Jamaica  come  in  boats 
to  kill  guaras,  an  amphibious  creature 
that  breeds  plentifully  at  the  roots  of  old 
trees.  They  are  in  the  iliape  of  a  lizard, 
with  fcales,  and  feme  are  3  feet  in  length. 
Their  flefli  li  firm  and  white,  and  faid 
by  feamen  to  make  good  bioth. 

Navaza,  a  fmall  barren  illand  in  the 
W.  Indies,  not  very  high,  is  fit  ep  all  round, 
and  lies  in  lat.  18  20  N.  It  is  ai  leagues 
W  S  W  ^  W  of  the  E  end  of  Jamaica,  and 
ti  leagues  fromTiburon,  in  the  illand  oi 
St.  Domingo. 

Na'vejih.k  H.'rUvr,  on    the  fra-coaft  <.f 


N  A  Z 


NED 


Mofimoiiih  CO.  N.  Jerfey,  lies  in  lat.  4*^ 
24  N  having  Jumping  Point  on  the  N, 
and  is  2^  miles  S  of  the  N  end  of  Sandy 
Rook  Ifland  ;  and  its  mouth  is  5  miles 
from  the  town  of  Shrcwfhury.  The  fmall 
river  of  its  name  falls  into  it  from  the  W, 
and  riies  in  the  fAme  co.  Navelink  Hill;; 
extend  N  W  from  the  harbour  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  to  Rariton  Bay ;  and  are 
the  iirfl  land  difcovered  by  mariners 
when  they  arrive  on  the  coaft.  They 
are  600  feet  ahovc  the  level  of  the  fca, 
and  mdy  he  fech  zo  leagues  ofE 

NWu^aif^  a  town  of  Mechoacan,  a  prov- 
ince of  Mexico,  with  a  harbour  on  the 
N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  156  miles  W  of  Mex- 
ico city.  N  lat.  18  5t,  W  long,  in  to. 
Navires,  or  Cas  d:  Kavircs  Bay,  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Nai}y^  a  totvnfliip  in  Orleans  co.  in  Ver- 
mont. 

iVfli/y  7/fl//,  in  U.  Canada,  fl:ands  on 
tlie  S  lide  of  L.  Ontario,  at  the  head  and 
W  fide  of  Niagara  river,  which  lad  fep?.- 
rates  it  from  Fort  Niagara,  on  the  E  fide,  ; 
in  the  State  of  N.  York.  It  is  lO  miles 
N  by  Wof  Fort  Erie,  and  23  S  E  by  S  of 
York. 

Navy  Iftand  lics  in  the  middle  of  Nia- 
gara river,  whofe  waters  feparate  it  from 
Fort  Sluflier,  on  the  E  bank  of  the  river, 
and  the  fame  waters  divide  it  from  Grand 
Ifland,  on  the  S  and  S  E.  It  is  about  one 
mile  long,  and  one  broad,  and  is  about  13 
miles  N  by  E  of  Navy  r  iall. 

Nazareth^  a  beautiful  port  town  in 
Northampton  co.  Pennfylvania,  inhabited 
by  Moravians  or  United  Brethren.  It  is 
fituatcd  10  miles  N  of  Bethlehem,  and 
63  N  by  W  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  a  tracft 
of  good  land,  containing  about  5,0C0 
acres,  purchafcd  by  the  Rev.  G.  Whitfield, 
in  1740,  and  foil  %  years  after  to  the 
brethren.  The  town  of  Nazareth  ftands 
about  the  centre  of  the  manor,  on  a  {'mall 
creek  which  lofes  itfelf  in  the  earth,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  E  of  the  town.  It  was 
regularly  laid  out  in  1772,  and  confifts  of 
»  principal  ftreets  which  crofs  each  other 
at  right  angles,  and  form  a  fqu^re  in 
the  middle,  of  340  by  200  feet.  The 
JArgeft  building  is  a  ftonc  houfe,  ertCfed 
in  £755,  named  Nazareth  Hall,  98  feet 
by  46  in  length,  and  54  in  height.  The 
lower  floor  is  formed  into  a  fpacious  hai! 
for  public  vvorfliip,  the  upper  part  of  the 
houfe  is  fitted  up  for  a  boarding  fchool, 
where  youth,  from  different  parts,  are 
under  the  infpedlion  of  the  minider  of 
the  place  and  fcveral  tutors,    and    art 


inftrudted  in  the  Englifli, German,  Frencli,- 
and  Latin  languages;  in  hiflory,  geogra- 
phy, book-keeping,  mathematics,  mufic, 
drawing,  and  other  faiences.  The  front 
of  the  lioufe  faces  a  large  fquare  open  to 
the  S,  adjoining  a  fine  piece  o?  meadow 
ground,  and  commands  a  mofl  delightful 
profpedl:.  Another  elegant  building  on 
the  E  of  Nazareth  Hall  is  inhabited  by 
the  fingle  fiflers.  who  have  the  fame  reg- 
ulations and  way  of  living  as  thofe  at  Beth- 
lehem. Befides  their  principal  manufac- 
tory for  rpinning  and  twifting  cotton,  they 
have  lately  begun  to  draw  wax  tapers. 
At  the  fouth-wefl  corner  of  the  aforefaid 
fquare,  in  the  middle  of  the  town,  is  th« 
fingle  brethren's  houfe,  and  on  the  E  S  E 
corner  a  ftorc.  On  the  foutheJ-nmoft 
end  of  the  ftrcet  is  a  good  tavern.  The 
dwelHi\g  houfes  are,  a  fewexe^^pted,  built 
of  lime-floni,  i  or  2  ftories  high,  inhabit- 
ed by  tradefmen  and  mechanics,  moftly 
of  German  extracSlion.  The  inhabitants 
arefupplied  with  water  conveyed  to  them 
by  pipes  from  a  fine  fpring  near  the  town. 
The  fituation  of  the  town,  and  the  falu- 
brious  air  of  the  adjacent  country,  render 
this  a  very  agreeable  place.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  in  the  tovv-n  and  the 
farms  belonging  to  it,  (Shoeneck  includ- 
ed) conftituting  one  congregation,  and 
meeting  <'or  divine  fervice  on  Lord's  days 
and  holidays,  at  Nazareth  Hall,  was,  in 
the  year  1788,  about  450. 

Necejfity,  Fort,  in  Virginia,  is  fituated 
in  the  Great  Meadow,  within  4  miles  of 
the  W  bounds  of  Maryland,  and  on  the 
N  fide  of  the  head  water  of  Red  Stone 
Creek,  which  empties  from  the  E  inta 
the  Monongahela,  in  N  lat.  39  43,  about 
26  miles  from  the  fpot  where  this  fort 
was  ereiSled.  It  is  238  miles  W  by  N  of 
Alexandria,  and  258  N  W  of  Frederiekf- 
burg.  This  fpot  will  be  forever  famous 
in  the  hiflory  of  America,  as  one  of  the 
firftfcenes  of  Gen.  Wafhingion's  abilities 
as  a  commander.  In  1753,  it  was  only  a 
fmall  unfinillied  intrenchment,  when  Mr, 
Wafliingtouj  then  a  colonel,  iti  the  2  2d 
voar  of  his  age,  was  fcnt  with.  300  men 
U)wards  the  Ohio.  An  engagement  with 
the  enemy  enfued,  and  the  French  were 
defeated.  M.  de  Villier,  the  Fench  com- 
mander, fent  down  900  men  befides  In- 
dians, to  attack  the  Virginians.  Their 
brave  leader,  however,  made  fuch  an  able 
defence  with  his  handful  of  men,  in  this 
unfiniflied  fort  as  toconftrain  the  French 
•  jflicer  to  grant  him  honourable  terms 
of  capitulation, 

N^ddick, 


N  E  G 


N  E  i? 


NeddlcP^  Cdfiey  or  Neddock^  lies  between 
York  river  and  Well's  Bay,  on  the  coaft 
of  York  CO.  DiftriA  of  Maine. 

Nedd'ick  River,  Cape,  in  the  above  co.  is 
navigable  about  a  mile  from  the  Tea,  and 
at  full  tide  only  for  velTeh  of  any  confid- 
crable  burden,  it  having  a  bar  of  fand  at 
its  mouth,  and,  at  an  hour  before  and  af- 
ter low  water,  this  rivulet  is  generally  fo 
Shallow,  as  to  be  fordable  within  a  few 
rods  of  the  fca. 

Neckar's  IJles,  a  group  of  9  rocky  iflcs 
on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  America  ;  lat.  4a  58 
56  N,  long.  127  5  20  W. 

Needhatns  Pointy  on  the  S  W  angle  of 
'  'the  ifland  of  Barbadoes  in  the  W.  Indies, 
is  to  the  S  eafterly  from  Bridgetown,  hav- 
ing a  fort  upon  it  called  Charles  Fort. 

Needham,  a  townfliip  in  Norfolk  co. 
Maffachufctts,  11  miles  from  Bofton.  It 
is  about  9  miles  in  length  and 5 in  breadth, 
and  is  almoft  encompafled  by  Charles 
river.  The  lower  fail  of  the  river,  at 
the  bridge  between  Newton  and  Needham 
is  about  10  feet  in  ics  direcfl  defcent. 
Here  the  river  divides  Middlefex  from 
Norfolk  CO.  It  was  incorporated  in  1711, 
and  contains  107  a  inhabitants.  A  flitting 
and  rolling  mill  have  been  erecSled  here. 

Neeheeheou^  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands, 
about  5  leagues  to  the  weftward  of  Atooi, 
and  has  about  10,000  inhabitants.  Its 
place  of  anchorage  is  in  lat.  ai  50  N,  and 
long.  1 60  15  W.  Sometimes  it  is  called 
I^ebeeoiVy  or  OHiehionu. 

Negada^  or  Ancgada,  one  of  the  Carrib- 
bec  Iflands  in  the  Weft  Indies.  It  is  low 
and  defart,  encompafled  with  flioals  and 
fand  banks.  It  is  called  Ncgada,  from  its 
being  moftly  overflown  by  high  tides.  It 
i.s  50  miles  northweft  of  Anguilla,  and 
abounds  with  crabs.  N  lat.  i8  6,  W  long. 

Negril  Harbour,  Notth,  at  the  W  end  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  has  North  Negril 
Point  on  the  N,  which  is  the  moft  wefter- 
?y  point  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  N  lat. 
18  45,  W  long.  78. 

Ntvro  Cape  and  Harbour,  at  the  S  W  ex- 
tremity of  Nova  Scotia. 

Negro  Point,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Brazil, 
is  3  leagues  at  S  S  E  from  the  Rio  Gran- 
de, and  14  from  Cape  St.  Rocque. 

Negro  River  is  the  wcftcrn  boundary 
of  Guiana  in  S.  America. 

Negro  Forty  in  Amazonia,  ftands  on  the  , 
i^  fide  of  Amazon  river   in    S.  America, 
juft  below  the  jumSlion  of  its  great  branch- 
es the  Purus  and  Negro,  in  the  4th  degree 
«lf  N  lat.  and  about  the  60th  of  W  Ion. 

Vou  L  Xx 


NAlfvllk,  in  Tazewell  co.  Virginia; 
Here  is  a  poft  office,  34a  miles  fronl 
Wafliington. 

Nelj'on,  a  county  of  Kentuck^^ contain- 
ing 9,087  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,234  are 
Haves.  Chief  town,  Bairdllown. 
\  NidfoTis  Ferry,  Charlefton  CO.  S.  Caroli- 
na. Here  is  a  poft  office  539  miles  from 
Waihington, 

Nelfons  Fort,  a  fettlement  on  the  weft 
fhore  of  Hudfon's  Bay,  fxtuatcd  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  2<jo 
miles  S  E  of  Churchill  Fort,  and  600  N  W 
of  Rupert's  Fort,  in  the  poffeffion  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company.  It  is  in  lat.  57 
12  N,  and  long.  92  4*  W.  The  flioals  fo 
called  are  faid  to  be  in  lat.  57  2,5  N,  and 
long.  (-)%  12  W,  and  to  have  high  water 
at  full  and  change  days  at  20  minutes 
paft  8  o'clock. 

Nelfons  River  U  the  N  W  branch  of 
Hayes  Pviver,  on  the  W  fliore  of  Hudfon'i 
Bay,  which  is  feparated  into  two  chan- 
nels by  Hayes  Ifland,  at  the  mouth  of 
which  Nelfon's  Fort  is  fituated. 

Nenaiveivhck  Indians  inhabit  near  Sev- 
ern River,  S  of  Severn  Lake. 

Nen  River,  in  the  JE  riding  of  the  co.  of 
York,  in  U.  Canada,  rifes  feveral  miles  in 
the  rear  of  York,  and  running  foutherly 
through  the  townfliip  of  Markham,  parts 
of  Scarborough  and  Pickering,  empties  it- 
felf  into  L.Ontario,  E  of  the  high  lauds  ia 
Scarborough.  This  river  abounds  with 
fifh  ;  at  its  embouchure  are  good  in- 
tervals for  meadow  ground,  and  it  is 
the  back  communication  from  German 
fettlement  in  Markham,  to  Lake  Onta- 
rio. Smyth, 

Neominas  River,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
is  12  or  14  leagues  to  the  N  W  of  Bona- 
ventura  River.  It  is  a  large  river,  and 
empties  into  the  ocean  by  2  mouths.  The 
flrore  is  low,  but  there  is  no  landing  up- 
on it,  as  it  is  inhabited  only  by  favages, 
whom  it  would  not  be  very  fafe  to  truft, 
as  their  peaceable  or  hoftile  dlfpofition 
towards  Europeans  cannot  be  eafily 
known.  The  coaft,  though  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  moft  flourifliing  Spanifli  colo- 
nies, remains  unfrequented  and  wild. 
Palmas  Ifland  is  oppoftte  to  this  river, 
being  low  land,  and  having  feveral  flioals 
about  it ;  and  from  hence  to  Cape  Co- 
rientes  is  20  leagues  to  the  N  W.  The 
river  and  ifland  are  in  lat.  about  4  2i^ 
north. 

Ntpean  Teivnjhip,  in  the  eaftern  diftrici 

in  U.  Canada,  is  the  8th  townfliip  in  af- 

cendino  the  Ottawa  river,  and  the  firft 

townfliip 


NET 


N  E  V 


tcwnfliip  on  the  W  fide  of  the  river  Ra- 
deau.  Smytb. 

Ncpean  IJlard^  a  fmall  ifland  of  the  S. 
Pacific  0,^tan,  oppofite  to  Port  Huatcr 
on  the  S  coafl:  of  Norfolk  Ifland. 

Nepcan  Sound,  an  extenfive  water  on 
the  N  W  coafl  of  N.  America,  havhig  a 
number  of  iflands  in  it.  In  fonie  charts 
called  Princefs  Royal  Iflands.  It  opens 
eaftward  from  Cape  St.  James,  the  fouth- 
ernmoft  point  of  Wafliington's  or  Queen 
Charlotte's  Iflands.  Fitzhugh's  Sound 
lies  between  it  and  Queen  Charlotte's 
Sound  to  the  fouthward. 

Ndpifinguis^  a  lake  of  U.  Canada,  15 
miles  broad,  I3  leagues  long,  furrounded 
with  rock?.  Its  fliore  Is  Inhabited  by  the 
remain»  of  a  Chriftian  tribe,  called  Nepif- 
inguls,  of  the  Algonquin  nation.  This 
lake  empties  itfelf  by  the  Riviere  des 
Francois. 

Neponfet,  a  rlver  of  Maflachufttts,  orig- 
inates chiefly  from  Muddy  and  Punkapog 
Ponds  In  Stoughton,  and  Mafhapog  Pond 
in  Sharon,  and  after  pafling  over  falls  fuf- 
iicient  to  carry  mills,  unites  with  other 
fmall  flreams,  and  forms  a  very  confl:ant 
f  jpply  of  water  for  the  many  mil  is  fltua- 
ted  on  tlie  river  below,  until  It  meets  the 
tide  in  Milton,  from  whence  it  is  navlga- 
Me  for  veflels  of  150  tons  burden  to  Bof- 
ton  Bay,  diflant  about  4  miles.  There 
are  6  paper-mills,  befides  many  others  of 
different  kinds,  on  this  fmall  river. 

Ncruia,  a  port  in  the  ifland  of  Cape 
Breton,  where  the  French  had  a  fettle- 
ment. 

Nef/it's  Harbour,  on  the  COaft  of  New 
Britain,  in  N.  America,  where  the  Mora- 
vims  formed  a  fettlement  In  175a;  of 
the  firft  party  feme  were  killed,  and  oth- 
ers were  driven  away.  In  1764,  they 
made  another  attempt  under  the  protec- 
tion of  the  Britifli  government,  and  were 
■well  received  by  the  Erquim.iux,  and 
by  the  lafl:  account  tlie  miflTion  fuccceded. 

NcfcoPc-.i  River  falls  Into  the  NE  branch 
of  Sufqucliannah  river^  near  the  mouth 
of  the  creek  of  that  name,  in  Northum- 
berland CO.  Pennfylvania,and  oppofire  to 
the  town  of  Berwick,  160  miles  N  W  of 
Plii'adtlphla,  and  in  lat.  413.  An  Indian 
town,  called  Nefcopeck,  formerly  ftood 
near  the  fcite  of  Berwick. 

N.thcrlanJs^  Nciv^h  the  tracl  now  In- 
cluded in  the  States  of  N.  York,  N.  Jcrfey, 
end  part  of  Delaware  and  Pcnnfylva- 
r/ia,  and  was  thus  named  by  the  Dutch, 
It  paflTed  llrft  by  conquefl:,  and  afterwards 
^y  treaty  into  the  hands  of  the  Englifli, 


Na  Ultra,  or  Sir  Thomas  Rot's  Welcome^ 
a  narrow  flralt  between  lat.  62  and  63, 
In  New  North  Wales,  In  the  arctic  reoions 
of  America.  ° 

Neufe,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  rifes. 
above  Hillfborough,  and,  after  a  winding 
courfe  of  more  than  500  miles,  falls  Into 
Pamlico  Sound,  70  miles  below  Ncwbern, 
at  which  place  It  I3  a  mile  ar  d  a  half 
wide,  expanding  at  Its  mouth,  where  It  Is 
9  miles  wide.  It  Is  navigable  for  fea  vef- 
fels  12  miles  above  Newbern,  for  fcows 
50,  for  boats  aoo. 

Ncujita  Sennora,  Baia  de,  or  Our  Ladys 
Bay,  on  the  coafl:  of  Chili,  on  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  In  S.  America,  is  30  leagues  from 
Copiapa,  and  20  S  S  W  of  Cape  George. 
It  Is  indiflferent  riding  In  this  bay,  as  the 
N  W  winds  blow  right  In,  and  the  gufts, 
from  the  mountains  are  very  dangerous, 
Ncuerftuk  Creek,  a  ftrcam  in  the  Harden- 
bergh  Patent,  in  Ultler  co.  N.  York.  On 
an  Ifland,  in  this  creek  Mr.  Baker  having 
cut  down  a  hollow  beech  tree,  in  March 
1790,  found  near  two  barrels  full  of  chim- 
ney fwallows  in  the  cavity  of  the  tree. 
I'hey  were  In  a  torpid  ftatc,  but  fome  of 
them  being  placed  near  a  fire,  were  pref- 
ently  reanimated  by  the  v/armth,and  took 
wing  with  their  ufual  agility. 

Ncvil  Bay,  on  the  W  iliore  of  Hudfon's 
Bay,  is  nearly  due  W,  a  little  northerly 
from  Cape  Digges  and  Manfel  Ifland  a't 
the  entrance  into  the  bay.  N  lat.  62  2^^ 
W  long.  95. 

Nevisy  an    ifland    lefs    than    a    league 
foutheafterly  of  the  peninf^la  of  St  Chnf- 
toplicr'sjoneof  theCaribbees.    This  bcau- 
timl  little  fpot  is  nothij:^  more  than   a 
flngle  mouiuain  riflng  like  a  cone  In  an 
eafy  afcent  from  the  lea  ;  the  circumfe- 
reuce  of  its  baf-:  not  exceeding  8  Britilli 
leagues.     This  ifland  was  doutuicls  pro- 
duced  by  fome    volcanic   eruption,    for 
;  there  is  a  hollow  crater  ivz3.r  the  fummit 
i  ftill  vilible  ;  which  contains  a  hot  fpring, 
ftrongly  inipregnated  with  fulphur,  and 
fulphur  is  frequently  found  in  fubPrrince, 
in  the  neighbouring  guilies  and  cavities 
of  the  earth.     The  illand  is  well  watered, 
and  the  land   in   general  fertile,      four 
tiioufaud  acres  of  canes  are  annually  cut, 
which  produce  an  equal  nunil-er  of  hogf- 
heads  ol  fugar.     The  ifland,  fmall  as  it  Is, 
is  divided  Into  5  pariflies.  U  has  one  town, 
j  Charlejlotvn^  which  is  a  port  of  cutrv,  and 
i  the  feat  of  government ;  where  is  alfo  a 
I  fort  called  Charles  Fort.     There  are  two 
j  other  fliipping  places,  viz.  Indian  Caftle 
I  and   New    Cafl:lc.      Nevis   contains  6o« 

t^hites^ 


N  E  W 


NEW 


TvTiites,  and  io,oco  blacks.  It  was  firft 
fettled  by  the  Englifli  in  1628,  under  the 
protedion  of  Sir  Thomas  Warner.  It  is 
laid,  that,  about  the  year  1640  the  ifland 
contained  4,000  whites,  and  fome  wri- 
ters fay  th  !t  before  the  year  1688  it  had 
,^0,000  inhabitants.  The  invaOon  of  the 
French  about  that  time,  and  fome  epi- 
demic diforders  ftrangely  diminiflaed  the 
number.  Charleflown,  the  capital,  lies 
in  lat.  17  15  N,  and  long.  6a  35  W. 
There  are  feveral  rocks  and  flioals  on 
the  coaft,  particularly  on  the  S  W  fide, 
but  fliips  ride  between  them  in  tolerable 
fafcty,  the  hurricane  fcafons  excepted, 
"when  they  are  obliged  to  put  off  to  fta, 
and  run  into  Antigua,  if  poffible. 

N.'7v  Albion^  'A  name  given  to  a  country 
of  indefinite  limits,  on  the  weftern  coaft 
of  N.  America,  lying  N  of  California. 

Nc-zv,  a  river  of  N.  Carolina,  which 
empties,  after  a  fliort  courfe,  into  the 
ocean,  through  New  River  Inlet.  Its 
mouth  is  wnde  and  flioal.  It  abounds 
with  mullet  during  the  winter  feafon. 

Nsiv  Andalfjja^  a  province  of  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America,  lying  on  the  coafl  of 
the  North  Sea,  oppofite  to  the  Leeward 
Iflands  ;  bounded  by  the  river  Oroonoko 
on  the  W.  This  country  is  called  Paria 
by  feme  writers.  Its  chief  town  is  St. 
T!  ymas.  Some  gold  mines  were  dif- 
covered  here  in  1785. 

Neiv  Andover,  York  co.  Maine.  See 
Mt^Jl   Andcvcr, 

Neiv  Aiiticariay  a  town  of  New  Spain, 
34  leagues  northward  of  Acapulco. 

Neiv  Antigtiera,  an  Epifcopal  city  of 
New  Spain,  in  the  province  of  Guaxaca, 
eredled  into  a  bifiioprick  by  Paul  III, 
1547.  It  has  a  noble  cathedial,  fupport- 
ed  by  marble  pillars. 

Ni'ivarA-,  a  townfl^.ip  in  Efiex  ca  in  Ver- 
mont, the  4th  town  in  the  range  N  W  of  I 
Guildhall,  and  has  8  inhabitants.  j 

Neivark  Bay,  in  N.  Jerfev,  is  formed  by  j 
the  confluence  of  Paifaick  and  Hackin-  I 
fack  rivers  from  the  N,  and  is  feparated 
from  that  p?.rt  of  North  river  oppofite  to 
N.  York  city,  by  Bergen  Neck  on  the  E, 
which  neck,  alio,  ^vith  Staten  Ifland  on 
the  S  of  it,  form  a  liarrow  channel  from 
the  bay  to  North  River  eaftward.  New- 
ark Bay  alfo  communicates  with  Rari- 
ton  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Rariton  Riv- 
er, by  a  channel  in  a  S  by  W  dire6:ion 
along  tlic  weftern  fide  of  Staten  Ifland. 
The  water  paffage  from  N.York  to  Eliz- 
abeth Town  Poiat.  15  miles,  is  through 
this  bav. 


Neivarhy  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jcrfey  an^ 
capital  of  Effex  eo.  is  pleafantly  fituated 
at  a  fmall  diftance  W  of  PalTaick  River, 
near  its  mouth  in  Newark  Bay,  and  nine 
miles  W  of  New  York  city.  It  is  a  hand- 
fome  and  flourifh  tovvn,  celebrated  for 
the  excellence  of  its  cider,  and  is  the  feat 
of  the  largeft  flioe  manufadlure  in  the 
State:  the  average  number  made  daily 
throughout  the  year,  is'eftimattd  at  about 
200  pairs.  The  town  is  of  much  the 
fame  flze  as  Elizabeth  Town,  and  is  6 
miles  N  of  it.  There  is  a  Prcfbyteriau 
church  of  ftone,  the  largeft  and  moft  ele- 
gant building  of  the  kind  in  the  State. 
Belides  thefe  is  an  Epifcopal  church,  a 
court-houfe  and  gaol.  The  academy, 
which  was  eftabliflied  here  in  June,  179a, 
promifes  to  be  a  ufeful  inftitution.  In 
Newark  and  in  Orange  which  joins  it  on 
the  N  W,  there  are  9  tanneries,  and  val- 
uable quarries  of  ftone  for  building.  The 
quarries  in  Newark  would  rent,  it  is  faid, 
for  ;ri,ooo  a  year,  and  the  number  of 
workmen  limited.  This  town  was  orig- 
inally fettled  by  emigrants  from  Branford, 
Connecticut,  as  long  ago  as  166a. 

Neivark,  a  village  in  Newcaftle  co. 
Delaware,  between  Chriftiana  and  White 
Clay  Creeks,  9  miles  W  of  Newcaftle,  and 
10  S  W  of  Wilmington. 

Neivarl,  a  town  lately  laid  out  by  the 
Britifli  in  U.  Canada,  on  the  river  w  hich 
connects  Lakes  Erie'and  Ontario,  diredtly 
oppofite  Niagara  town  and  fort.  It  is  a 
hand  fome  town  of  about  a  mile  fquare, 
with  its  ftreets  at  right  angles,  containing 
about  J50  houfes.  The  firft  provincial 
parliament  met  at  this  place,  and  the  pub- 
lic offices  of  government  have  been  held 
pro  tempore  here.  Navy  hall,  which  is  fitu- 
ated  on  the  Wbank  of  the  river,  a  little  a- 
boYC  the  town. was  the  rcfidence  of  the  go- 
vernor, during  his  ftay  at  this  place.  Tiie 
council  houfe  is  about  half  way  between 
tl;e  town  and  Navy-hall.  The  public  ofii'. 
ces  are  removed  to  York.  Smyth. 

Neivark  Toivujbip,  which  embraces  the 
above  town,  is  in  the  county  of  Lincoln, 
U.  Canada,  and  lies  on  the  weft  fide  of 
Niagara  River,  immediately  oppofite  to 
the  fort.  '  Smyth. 

Neiv  Afiford,  a  tov/nfliip  of  Berkfliire 
CO.  Mafiachufetts,  S  of  Williamftown,  has 
390  inhabitants. 

Neiv  Athens,  or  Tioga  Faint,  ftands  on 
the  poft  road  from  Cooperftown  to  Wil- 
liamfburg,  in  Luzerne  co.  Pennfylvania, 
on  the  point  cf  land  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  Tioga  river  with  thcJE  branch 


NEW 


NEW 


of  Sufquehannah  river,  in  lat.  41  54,  and 
long  76  32  W,  and  about  3  miles  S  of  the 
N.  York  line ;  ao  miles  S  E  by  E  of  New- 
town in  N.  York,  14  S  W  of  Owego,  and 
116  S  W  of  Cooperftown. 

Netu  Barbadoesy  a  townfhip  in  Bergen 
CO.  N.  Jerfey. 

Netu  Bedford,  a  poft  town  and  port  of 
entry  in  Briftol  co.  Mafiachufetts,  fituated 
on  a'fmall  bay  whicii  ftts  up  N  from  Buz- 
zard's Bay,  58  miles  S  of  Bofton.  The 
townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1787,  and 
is  13  miles  in  length  and  4  in  breadth; 
bounded  E  by  Rochefter,  W  by  Dart- 
mouth, of  which  it  was  originally  a  part, 
and  S  by  Buzzard's  Bay.  Acchufnutt  was 
the  Indian  name  of  N.  Bedford  ;  and  the 
fmall  river  of  that  name  runs  from  N  to 
S  through  the  townflaip,  and  divides  the 
villages  of  Oxford  and  Fairhaven  from 
Bedford  village.  A  company  was  incor- 
porated in  1796,  for  building  a  bridge 
acrofs  this  river.  From  the  head  to  the 
mouth  of  the  river  is  7  cr  8  miles.  Fairha- 
ven and  Bedford  villages  are  a  mile  apart, 
and  a  ferry,  conftantiy  attend«d,  is  eftab- 
liflied  between  them.  The  harbour  is 
very  fafc,  in  fome  places  17  or  18  feet  of 
water ;  and  vefltls  of  3  or  400  tons  lie  at 
the  wharves.  Its  mouth  is  formed  by 
Clark's  Neck  on  the  W  fide,  and  Sconti- 
cutt  Point  on  the  other.  An  ifland  be- 
tween thefe  points  renders  the  entrance 
narrov.'-,  in  5  fathoms  water.  High  wa- 
ter at  full  and  change  of  the  moon,  37 
minutes  pad:  7  o'clock.  Dartmouth  is 
the  fafefl  place  to  lie  at  with  an  eaftcrly 
wind;  but  at  New  Bedford  you  will  lie 
fafe  at  the  wharves.  The  river  has  plenty 
of  fmall  iifli,  and  a  lliort  way  from  its 
mouth  they  catch  cod,  bafs,  black-fifli, 
flieeps-head,  &c.  The  damage  done  by 
the  Britifh  to  this  town  in  1778  amount- 
ed to  the  va'ue  of  ;i^97,oco.  It  is  now  in 
a  flourilliing  (late.  In  the  townfliip  are 
a  pofl;  ofnce,  a  printing  office,  3  meetings 
for  Friends,  and  3  for  Congrcgationalifls. 
The  exports  to  the  diflereiit  States  and  £0 
the  W.  Indies  for  one  year,  ending  Sept. 
30,  1794?  amounted  to  02,085  ^^^'^'  ^^  '^^ 
357  miles  N  E  by  E  of  Philadelphia,  58 
S  of  Eoflon,  containing  4,361  inhabitanis. 
Neivhern,  one  of  the  eaftern  maritime 
diftricts  of  N.  Carolina,  bounded  E  and 
S  E  by  the  Atlantic,  S  W  by  Wilmington, 
W  by  Favette,  N  W  by  HiUfoorou^h,  N 
by  Halifax,  and  N  E  by  Edcnton  difhria. 
It  comprehends  the  counties  of  Carteret, 
Tone?,  Craven,  Beaufort,  Hyde,  Pitt, 
Wayne,  Gl?rgow,  Lenoir,  and  Johnflcn  ; 


and  contains  60433  inhabitantSjinduding 
20,134  flaves. 

Ncwbern,  the  capital  of  the  above  dif- 
tri(Sl,  is  a  poft  town  and  port  of  entry,  in 
Craven  co.  on  a  flat,  fandy  point  of  land, 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  rivers 
Neus  on  the  N.  and  Trent  on  the  S,  Op- 
pofite  to  the  town,  the  Neus  is  about  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  the  Trent  |:ths  of  a 
mile  wide.  Newbern  is  the  iargcft  town 
in  the  State,  contains  about  400  houfes, 
all  built  of  wood  except  the  palace,  the 
church,  the  gaol,  and  two  dwelling  houfes 
which  are  of  brick.  The  inhabitants  arc 
2,467  in  number,  of  whom  1,298  are  flaves. 
The  palace  was  eredled  by  the  province 
before  the  revolution,  and  was  formerly 
the  refidence  of  the  governors.  It  is  large 
and  elegant,  two  (lories  high,  with  two. 
wings  for  offices,  a  little  advanced  in  front 
towards  the  town;  thefe  wings  are  con- 
nedled  with  the  principal  building  by  a 
circular  arcade.  It  is  much  out  of  repair  ; 
and  the  only  ufe  to  which  this  once  hand- 
fome  and  v/ell  furniflied  building  is  now. 
applied,  is  for  fchools.  One  of  the  halls 
is  ufed  for  a  fchool,  and  another  for  a 
dancing  room.  The  arms  of  the  king  of 
Great  Britain  ftill  appear  in  a  pediment 
in  front  of  the  building.  The  Epifcopa- 
lian  church  is  a  fmall  brick  building,  with 
a  bell.  It  is  the  only  houfe  for  public 
worlliip  in  the  place.  The  court-houfc 
is  raifed  on  brick  arches,  fo  as  to  render 
the  lower  part  a  convenient  market  place ; 
but  the  principal  marketing  is  done  with 
the  people  in  their  canoes  and  boats  at 
the  river  fide.  In  Sept.  1791,  near  f  of 
this  town  was  confumed  by  fire.  It  car- 
ries on  a  confiderable  trade  to  the  Weft 
Indies  and  the  difTerent  States  in  tar, 
pitch,  turpentine,  lumber,  corn,  &c.  The 
exports  in  1794  amounted  to  69,615  dol- 
lars. It  is  149  miles  from  Raleigh,  99  S. 
W  of  Edenton,  103  N  E  by  N  of_  Wil- 
mington, 238  S  of  Peterfburgh  in  Virgin- 
ia, and  501  S  W  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat. 
T,S  20,  W  long.  77  25. 

Netv-Eifc'jv,  a  province  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Galicia,  in  Old  Mexico  or  New- 
Spain.  It  is  faid  to  be  100  leagues  from 
E  to  W  and  120  from  N  to  S.  It  is  a 
well  watered  and  fertile  country.  Many 
of  the  inhaiMtants  are  rich,  not  only  in 
corn,  cattle,  &c.  but  alfo  in  filver  mines, 
and  fome  of  lead. 

Neiu-Bofnn^  a  townfliip  in  Hillfborough 
CO,  N.  Hampfliire,  about  70  miles  weft  of 
PoVti'mouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1763,  and  contains  i,20i  inhabitants, 

New-Braintrtf. 


NEW 


NEW 


Nciv-JBraintree,      Sec  Braintree  Neiv. 

Neiv-Britain.  See  AmericOy  Labrador^ 
and  Britain  Neiv. 

Neiv-Britaitty  a  townfliJp  in  Buck's  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  ti8o  inhabitants. 

Nexv-  Brunfivick^  in  the  State  of  N.  Y. 
is  fituatcd  on  Paltz  Kill,  about  8  miles 
S  VJ^oi  NfcAv-Paltz,  and  69  north-wefterly 
of  New  York  city, 

Neiv-Brunfiiiicl,  in  Middlefcx  CO.  N. 
Jerfey.     See  Brwfiviek. 

Nciv-Brunjivicky  a  Britifli  provin«e  in 
N.  America.      See  Btunfivick  New* 

Neivburghy  a  poft  town  in  Orange  co. 
N.  York,  bounded  E  by  Hudfon's  R.  and 
S  by  New  Windfor,  and  contains  3,258 
inhabitants.  The  compacSt  part  of  the 
town  is  neatly  built,  and  plealantly  fitu- 
atcd on  the  W  bank  of  the  Hudfon,  66 
miles  N  of  New  York,  oppofite  Fifli-Kill 
Landing.  7  miles  from  Fifh-Kill,  13  from 
Goflicn,  and  14  fouthfrom  Poughkeeplie. 
It  confifts  of  between  50  and  60  houfes 
and  a  Prtfbyterian  church,  fituated  on  a 
gentle  afcent  from  the  river.  The  coun- 
try northward  is  well  cultivated,  and  af- 
fords a  rich  profpedt.  Veflels  of  confid- 
crable  burden  may  load  and  unload  at 
the  wharves,  and  a  number  of  vefTels  are 
built  annually  at  this  bufy  and  thriving 
place. 

Neiuhury^  a  diflri(£b  of  South  Carolina. 
Newbury  court-houfc  is  45  miles  from 
Columbia,  and  32  from  L.aurens  court- 
houfe.     Here  is  a  pofl:  office. 

Neivburyy  z  towpiliip  in  York  co.  Penn- 
fylvania, has  2014  inhabitants.  There  is 
another  town  of  this  name  in  Lycoming 
CO.  40  miles  froni  Northumberland. 

Neivliury,  the  capital  and  a  poil:  town, 
of  Orange  co.  Vermont,  pleafantly  fitua- 
tcd on  the  W  fide  of  Connedticut  River, 
oppofite  to  Haverhill,  in  N.  Hampfliire, 
and  from  which  it  is  5  miles  diflant.  It 
contains  a  gaol,  a  court  houfe,and  a  hand- 
fome  church  for  Congregationalifts  with  a 
fteeple  which  was  the  firfl:  eredled  in  Ver- 
mont. Here  a  remarkable  fpring  was  dif- 
covered,  about  20  years  fince,  which  dries 
up  once  in  2  or  3  years.  It  has  a  flrong 
fmell  of  fulphur,  and  throws  up  continu- 
ally a  peculiar  kind  of  white  fand  :  and  a 
thick  yellow  fcum  rifcs  upon  the  water 
when  fettled.  This  is  the  more  noticea- 
ble as  the  water  of  the  ponds  and  rivers  in 
Vermont  is  remarkably  clear  and  tranf- 
parent.  It  is  130  miles  N  E  of  Benning- 
ton, and  417  N  Eby  N  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  44  5,    The  number  of  inhabitants 


NeivluryyZ  townfliip  in  Eflcx  co.  Mafl\ 
incorporated  in  1635  ;  fituated  on  the  S 
bank  of  Merrimack  R.  and  contains  4,076 
inhabitants.  It  formerly  included  New- 
bury Port,  and  with  Merrimack  R.  encir- 
cles it.  It  is  divided  into  five  parifhcs, 
befides  a  fociety  of  Quakers.  The  inhab- 
itants are  principally  employed  in  huf- 
bandry.  The  land,  particularly  in  that 
part  of  the  town  which  lies  on  Merri- 
mack R.  and  is  here  called  Neiohury- 
Neivto'wny  is  of  a  fuperior  quality,  under 
the  beft  cultivation,  and  is  fnid  by  trav- 
ellers to  be  httle  inferior  to  the  mofi:  im- 
proved parts  of  Great-Britain.  Some  of 
the  high  lands  afford  a  very  extenfive  and 
variegated  view  of  the  furrounding  coun- 
try,  the  rivers,  the  bay,  and  the  fea-coafl: 
from  Cape  Ann  to  York,  in  the  DiflricSl 
of  Maine.  Some  few  veflels  are  here  own- 
ed and  employed  in  the  fifliery,  part  of 
which  are  fitted  out  from  Parker's  River. 
It  rifes  in  Boxford,  and  paiTes  into  the 
found  which  feparates  Plum  Ifland  from, 
the  main  land.  It  is  navigable  about  6 
miles  on  a  right  line,  or  12  as  the  river 
runs,  from  its  mouth.  This  townfliip  is 
connedled  with  Salifbury  by  Efi"ex  Mer- 
rimack bridge,  about  two  miles  above 
Newbury  Port,  built  in  1792.  At  the 
place  where  the  bridge  is  eredlcd,  an 
ifland  divides  the  river  into  two  branch- 
es :  an  arch  of  i6o  feet  diameter,  40  feet 
above  the  level  of  high  water,  conn  edit 
this  ifland  Avith  the  main  on  the  oppofite 
fide.  The  whole  length  of  the  bridge  is 
1,030  feet;  its  breadth  34;  its  contents 
upwards  of  6,000  tons  of  timber.  The 
two  large  arches  were  executed  from  a 
model  invented  by  Mr.  Timothy  Palm- 
er, an  ingenious houfewright  in  Newbury 
Port.  The  whole  is  executed  in  a  ftylc 
far  exceeding  any  thing  of  the  kind  hith- 
erto eflayedih  this  country,  and  appears 
to  unite  elegance,  flrength  and  finnnefs. 
The  day  before  the  bridge  was  opened 
for  the  infpedlion  of  the  public,  a  fliip 
of  350  tons  pafi"ed  under  the  great  arch. 
There  is  a  commodious  houfe  of  enttr- 
tainment  at  the  bridge,  tvhich  is  the  re- 
fort  of  parties  of  pleafure,  both  in  fum- 
mer  and  winter.  The  foil  of  this  town  is 
rich  and  well  cultivated.  The  pariflies  of 
Newton  and  Bylield  are  as  fertile  as  any 
in  the  county,  'I'he  town  lies  between  tAvo 
navigable  rivers,  Merrimack  on  the  N, 
and  Parker  S,  with  Plum  Ifland  Sound 
for  its  boundary  E.  On  thefe  waters 
are  large  tra*5ls  of  fait  marili. 

Neivbury  Fort-,  a  port   of  entry,  and 

poft 


NEW 


NEW 


joft  town  in  EiTcx  co.  Maffachufctti ; 
pleafantly  fituated  on  the  S  fide  of  Mer- 
rimack river,  about  3  miles  from  the 
fts.  lu  a  commercial  view  it  is  next 
in  rank,  to  Salem.  It  contains  5,946  in- 
habitants, althou^  it  is,  perhaps,  the 
fmallcft  townfhip  in  the  State,  its  con- 
tents not  exceeding  640  acres.  It  was 
taken  from  Newbury,  and  incorporated 
in  1764.  The  churches,  6  in  number, 
are  ornamented  with  fteeples;  the  other 
public  buildings  are  the  court-houfe, 
gaol,  a  bank,  and  4  public  fchool-houfes. 
To  the  honour  of  this  town,  there  are 
in  it  10  public  Ichools,  and  3  printing  of- 
fices. Many  of  the  dwcliing-houfes  are 
tleg;ant.  Before  the  war  there  were  many 
ihips  built  here;  but  fame  years  after 
the  revoluticm,  the  budnefs  was  on  the 
dt  civne  ;  it  now  begins  to  revive.  The 
Bofton  and  Hancock  continental  frigates 
were  built  here,  and  many  privateers, 
duri.sg  the  war.  The  harbour  is  fafe 
and  capacious,  but  difficiUt  to  enter.  See 
M.-rrhuuck  Ri-ver.  The  Marine  Society 
of  this  town,  ?.nd  other  gentlemen  in  it, 
Ivave  humanely  creacd  feveral  fmali 
Bonfes  on  the  ihore  of  Plum  iHand,  fur- 
r.ifhed  with  fuel  and  other  conveniences, 
fur  the  relief  of  iliipwrecked  mariners. 
Large  quantities  of  rum  are  diftilled  in 
Newbury  Fort ;  there  is  alfo  a  brewery ; 
and  a  confidcrable  trade  is  carri-cd  on 
with  the  Weft  Indies  and  the  fouthern 
States.  Some  vcfleis  arc  employed  in  the 
freighting  bufinefs,  and  a  few  in  the  M\- 
ery.  In  Nov.  1790,  there  were  owned  in 
this  port,  6  fliips,  45  brigantines,  39 
Vchooners,  and  -j.^  Hoops ;  making,  in  all, 
ri  ,87  o  u)ns.  The  exports  for  a  year,  end- 
ing Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to  363,380 
dollars.  A  machine  for  cutting  nails, 
has  been  lately  invented  by  Mr.  Jacob 
Perkins  of  this  town,  a  gentleman  of  great 
mechanical  genius,  which  will  turn  out, 
if  neceiTary,  200,000  nails  in  a  day. 
Kewbury  Port  is  40  miles  N  N  E  of  Bof- 
ton,  a-.i  S  by  W  of  Portfmouth.  12  Nof 
Ipfwich,  and  389  N  £  of  Piiiladelpliia. 
The  JiarUourhas  10  fathoms  water  :  high 
wat«;r  at  lull  and  change  15  muiutes  ait-T 
ir  6'cit)ck.  In  this  tov.n  is  a  Humane 
?.ud  Mar.ne  Society,  who  are  attentive 
to  the  feveral  objtdls  oi  their  inftitution. 
'I  he  light  iiv)ufe8  are  on  Plum  lil md,  in 
42  47  N  latitude,  and  in  70  47  W  ioiig. 

I>j  ncbitry  Bar^  which  is  continually 
{iv'ftifig,  lies  without  the  light-houfes  a 
\\\r*  diflance.  !n  croirmg  this  bat  the 
i"'u..»-h-.iifcs,  which  are  moveable,  muft 


be  brought  in  a  range  with  each  othaCv 
Ten  years  ago  the  light-houfes  ftooi 
where  the  fliip  channel  now  is.  The 
water  is  continually  encroaching  on  the 
land,  on  the  fide  of  Plum  Ifland. 

Neiu  Caledonia^  the  name  given  by  the 
Scotch  to  the  ill-fated  fettlement  which 
that  nation  formed  on  the  Ifthmus  of  Dari- 
en,  and  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the  gulf  of  that 
name.  It  is  fituated  eaftward  of  the  nar- 
rowed part  of  the  ifthmus,  which  is  be- 
tween Panama  and  Porto  Bello,  and  lies 
S  E  of  the  latter  city.  The  fettlement 
was  formed  in  1698.     See  Darien. 

Ne-w  Canton,  a  fmall  pofl  town  lately 
eftahliflied  in  Buckingham  co.  Virginia, 
on  the  S  fide  of  James'  river,  70  miles 
above  Richmond.  It  contains  a  few  houf- 
es,  and  a  ware-houfe  for  iufpcdiing  to- 
bacco. 

Nexv  Cafcoy  a  poft  town,  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  613  miles  N  E  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

Ne'-ju  CafiU,  in  Upper  Canada.  This 
town  plot  is  fituated  on  the  Prefqu'  Iflc 
de  Quinte,  extending  into  Lake  Ontario 
from  the  caflern  part  of  the  to.vnfliip  of 
Cramalii.  Smyth. 

Nuiv  Ccfjlle^  the  mofl  northern  co.  of 
Delaware  State.  It  is  about  40  miles  in 
length  and  20  in  breadth,  and  contains 
25,361  inhabitants,  including  1,838  flaves. 
Here  are  two  fnulT-mills,  a  ilitting-mill, 
4  paper-mills,  60  for  grinding  different 
kinds  of  grain,  and  feveral  fulling-mills. 
The  chief  towns  of  this  co^;nty  ar«  Wil- 
mington and  New  Caflle.  The  land  ia 
it  is  more  broken  than  any  other  part  of 
the  State.  The  heights  of  Chriftlana  are 
lofty  and  commanding. 

Netv  Ccfile,  a  poft  town,  and  the  feat  of 
juftice  of  the  above  co.  It  is  fituated  on 
the  W  fide  of  Delaware  River,  5  miles  S 
of  Wilmington,  and  33  S  W  of  Philadel- 
phia. Ic  contains  more  than  100  houfes, 
a  court-houfe  and  gaol;  a  church  for 
Epifcopalian^;  and  another  for  Preibyte- 
rians.  Here  is  i.n  academy  for  boys  and 
another  for  young  ladies,  with  fufiicient 
funds,  and  under  good  regulations.  This 
is  the  olJeft  town  on  Delaware  River,  hav- 
ing been  fettled  by  the  Swedes,  about  the 
year  1627,  who  called  it  Stockholm,  after 
the  metropolis  of  Sweden.  When  it  fell 
into  the  hand,  of  the  Dutch,  it  received 
the  name  of  N^w  Amjlenhm  ;  and  the 
Englifli,  when  they  took  poffefllon  of  the 
country,  g^.ve  It  the  name  of  Njw  Cafle. 
It  was  lately  on  the  decline  ;  but  now  be- 
nins  to  flouiiili.     Piers  arc  built,  which 

afford 


NEW 


NEW 


afford  PL  fafe  retf Cat  to  vefiels,  during  the 
winter  ieafon.  Thcfe  add  confiderably 
to  its  advantages.  Congrefs  at  their  laft 
feffion  voted  30,000  dolUirs  for  improving 
the  navigation  of  the  Delav'arc;  a  great 
part  of  which  it  is  expcdlcd  will  be  laid 
out  in  repairing  and cretStingpiersat  New 
Caftle.  It  was  incorporated  in  167  a, 
by  the  governor  of  New  York,  and  was 
for  many  years  under  the  management 
of  a  baihff  and  6  afhftants.   N.  lat.  s^  38^. 

Neiv  Cajtlcj  a  townfliip  in  Weft  Chefler 
CO.  N.  York,  taken  from  North  Caft'e  in 
1791,  and  incorporated.  There  were 
i>-i  of  the  inhabitants  qualified  ele<^or,'. 
'  Nizv  Cape,  called  alfo  Great  Ifland, 
a  town  in  Rockingham  co.  N.  Hampfliire, 
of  about  ioo  houfes,  534  inhabitants  in 
1790.  It  is  the  largefl:  of  a  number  of 
Iflands  in  the  mouth  of  Pifcataqua  River, 
1  miles  E  of  Portfmouth.  It  has  a  meet- 
ing houfe  ;  and  on  the  N  E  point  of  the 
Ifland  is  the  light-houfe  and  fort,  with 
16  cannon,  built  in  1795,  whidi  de- 
fends the  harbour  of  Portfrnouth.  This 
place  is  not  apparently  in  a  flourifhing 
ftate.     It  contains  524  inhabitants. 

Niiv  Cajlle,  a  port  town  in  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  between  Damafcotte  and  Skungut 
rivers  ;  lo  miles  E  by  N  of  WifcafTet,  66 
N  E  of  Portland,  and  19a  N  by  E  of  Bof- 
ton.  The  townfliip  contains  996  inhab- 
itants. 

Ncrv  Cajile,  a  pofl  town  of  Hanover  co. 
Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  AfTequijx Creek, 
©n  the  S  W  fide  of  Pamiinkyr  River, 
and  contains  about  36  houfes.  It  is  54 
miles  N  W  of  Williamlburg,  -2.4.  N  E  of 
Richmond,  and  297  from  Philadelphia. 

N'  iv  Chejter,  a  tcwnfliip  in  Grafton  co. 
N.  Hampfl-iir^,  on  the  W  fide  of  Pemige- 
AvafTct  River,  incorporated  in  1778,  13 
miles  below  Plymonth. 

iViTi'  Corvit.'/a,  a  town  of  the  province 
of  Ti.caman,  in  S.  Anurica. 

Neiv  Dtjlgn,  in  l.ouvfiana,  a  village  of 
ibout  40  houfes,  and  aoo  fouls,  so  miles 
from  the  Spanifh  village  St.  I.ouis,  and 
15  from  Mifiifippi  river.  It  (lands  on 
high  ground,  but  is  furrounded  by  ponds. 
^"  1797 '  57  of  its  inhabitants  died  of  the 
yellow  fever. 

Neiv  Dublin,  a  townfliip  in  Lunenburg 
CO.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Mahone  Bay;  fit  ftfet- 
tled  by  Irifli,  and  afterwards  by  Germans. 

New  DuihuK!.  ia  Strafford  co.  N.  Ilamp- 
fiiire,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Winnipifeoga 
Lake,  \V  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  nearly 
40  miles  N  W  of  Portfmouth.  'incorpo- 
»..ntJ  iu  1763,  having  742  inhabitants. 


KtTv  £Jlnlurgh^  a  nevf  fcttlcmcur  ilif 
Nova  Scctia. 

NczLenhom,  Cape,  is  the  N  point  of  Briu 
tol  Bay,  on  the  N  Wcoaft  of  N.  America. 
All  along  the  coafl  the  flood  tide  leti 
ftrongly  to  the  N  W,  and  it  is  high  water 
about  noon  on  full  and  change  days.  N 
lat.  tS  4a,  W  long.  16a  14. 

NEM^  ENGLAND,  (or  Northern  or 
Eajlern  States  J  hea  between  41  and  about 
48  N  lat.  and  between  64  SZ*  ^^^  74  ^ 
W  long. ;  bounded  N  by  L.  Canada ;  E 
by  the  province  of  N.  Brunfwick  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  ;  S  by  the  fame  ocean, 
and  Long  Ifland  Sound  ;  W  by  the  State 
of  N.  York.  It  lies  in  the  form  of  a  quar- 
ter of  a  circle.  Its  W  line,  beginning  at 
the  mouth  of  Byram  River,  which  emp- 
ties into  Long  Ifland  Sound,  at  the  S  W 
corner  of  Connecticut,  lat.  41,  runs  a  lit- 
tle E  of  N  until  it  ftrikes  the  45th  degree 
of  latitude,  and  then  curves  to  the  eaft- 
ward  almoft  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Its  extreme  length  is  about  6z6  miles.  Its 
breadth  is  very  unequal  from  lOO  to  aoo 
miles,  containing  about  7a,cco  fquare 
miles.  This  grand  divifion  of  the  United 
States  compreheiids  the  States  of  Virmoni-, 
Neiv  Hampjhire,  Majacbufetts,  (including 
the  Difriii  of  Maine,  Rhode  Jfand  and  Frov 
idence  Plantations,  and  ConneSficut,  New 
England  has  a  very  healthful,  climate.  It 
is  eftimated  that  about  i  in  7  of  the  in- 
habitants live  to  the  age  of  70  years ;  and 
about  I  in  13  or  14  to  80  and  upwards. 
N  W,  W  and  S  W  winds  are  the  moft 
pret^alent.  E  and  N  E  winds,  which  are 
unelaftic  and  difagrecable,  are  frequent 
at  certain  fcafons  of  the  year,  particular- 
ly in  April  and  May,  on  the  fea-coafis 
from  Maine  to  Rhode  Ifland.  The  weath- 
er is  lefs  variable  than  in  the  middle,  and 
efpeciaily  the  fouthern  States,  and  more 
fo  than  in  Canada.  The  extremes  of 
heat  and  cold,  according  to  Fahrenheit's 
thermometer,  arc  from  20  below  to  roo 
above  o.  The  medium  is  from  48  to  50. 
The  difeafes  moft  prevalent  in  New  Eng- 
land, are  alvinc  fluxes,  St.  Anthony's  fire, 
aflhma,  atrophy,  catarrh,  cholic,  inflam- 
matory— flow — nervous  and  mixed  fe- 
vers, pulmonary  confumption,quinfy,  and 
rheuniatifm.  A  late  writer  has  obferved, 
that  "  in  other  countries,  men  are  divid- 
ed according  to  their  wealth  or  indi- 
gence, into  three  claffes;  the  opulent, 
the  middling,  and  the  poor  ;  the  idlcnefs, 
luxuries,  and  debaucheries  of  the  firft,  and 
the  mifery,  and  too  frequent  intemper- 
ance ©f  the  laftj  deftroy  the  ^jreater  prc- 
.    porticw 


HEW 


NEW 


j^oition  of  thefe  two.  The  intermedi- 
ate clafs  is  below  thofe  indulgencics 
which  prove  fatal  to  the  rich,  and  above 
thofe  fufferings  to  which  the  unfortunate 
Jsoor  fall  vidtims :  this  is  therefore  the 
happiefi:  divifion  of  the  three.  Of  the 
rich  and  poor,  the  New  England  States 
furnifli  a  much  fmallcr  proportion  than 
any  other  diftricl  of  the  known  world. 
In  Connecfticut,  particularly,  the  diftribu- 
tion  of  wealth  and  its  concomitants,  is 
more  equal  than  clfewhere,  and  therefore, 
as  far  as  exccfs  or  want  of  wealth,  may 
prove  deftrudtivc  or  falutary  to  life,  the 
inhabitants  of  this  State  may  plead  ex- 
emption from  difcafcs."  What  this  wri- 
ter, Dr.  Foulke,  fays  of  Connedlicut  in 
particular,  will,  with  very  few  exceptions, 
apply  to  New  England  at  large. 

New  England  is  a  high,  hilly,  and  in 
fome  parts  a  mountainous  country,  form- 
ed by  nature  to  be  inhabited  by  a  hardy 
race  of  free,   independent    republicans, 
'i'hc  mountains  are  comparatively  fmall, 
running  nearly  north  and  fouthin  ridges 
parallel  to  each  other.     Between  thefe 
ridges,  flow  the  great  rivers  in  majellic 
meanders,  receiving  the  innumerable  riv- 
ulets and  larger  ftreams  which  proceed 
from  the  mountains  on  each  fide.     To  a 
fpecaator  on  the  top  of  a  neighbouring 
mountain,  the  vales  between  the  ridges 
while  in  a  ftate  of  nature,  exhibit  a  ro- 
mantic appearance.    They  feem  an  Ocean 
of  woods,  fwelled  and  deprefled  in  its 
JTurface  like  that  of  the  ocean  itfelf.     A 
richer,  though  lefs  romantic  view  is  pre- 
fented,  when  the  vallies  have  been  clear- 
ed of  their  natural  growth  by  the  induf- 
trious  hufbandmen,  and  the  fruit  of  their 
labour  appears  in  loaded  orchards,  exten- 
flve  meadows,  covered  with  large  herds 
of  Oieep  and  neat  cattle,  and  rich  fields  of 
fl^x,  corn,  and  the  various  kinds  of  grain. 
Thefe    vallies    are    of    various   breadths 
from  z  to  20  miles ;  and  by  the  annual 
inundations    of  the    rivers    and    fmaller 
flreams,  which  flow  through  them,  there 
is  frequently  an  accumulation  of  rich,  fat 
foil  left  (ipon  the  furface  when  the  waters 
retire.     The  principal  rivers  in  New  Eng- 
land, arc  Penobfcot,  Kenuebeck,  Androf- 
cogo^'n,    or    Amarifcoggin.    Saco,  Merri- 
mack,   ConneAiout,    Houfatonic,   Otter 
Creek,  and  Onion  rivers  ;    befides  many 
Smaller  ones.     New   England,  generally 
rpe^king,  is   better  adapted  for  grazing 
than  for  grain,  though  a  fuflicient  quanti- 
ty of  the  lattei'  is   raifcd  for  home  con- 
fa  mptionj  if  wc  except  wheat,  wliich  is 


impor^ed,  particularly  into  MaA'achufettl^ 
in  confidcrable  quantities  from  the  mid- 
dle and  fouthern  States.      Indian   corn, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  buck-wheat,  flax  and 
hemp,  generally  fucceed  very  well.     Ap- 
ples are  common,  and  are  generally  plen- 
ty in  New  England.     Cider  conftitutcs 
the  principal  drink  of  the  inhabitants  in 
the  northerly  and  cafterly  parts.     Peach- 
es do  not  thrive  fo  well  as  formerly.     The 
other  common  fruits  are  more  or  lefs  cul- 
tivated in  difFerent  parts.     The  high  and 
rocky  ground  is  in  many  parts  covered 
with  clover,  and  generally   aflbrds    the 
beft  of  pafture;  and  here  arc  raifed  fomc 
of  the  flnefl  cattle  in  the   world.     The 
quantity  of  butter  and  cheefe   made  for 
exportation  is  very  great.     Confiderabl*^ 
attention   is  now  paid   to  the  raifing  of 
flteep.     This   is  the  mofl;  populous  divi- 
fion of  the  United  States.      The  great 
body  of  the  inhabitants  are  landholders 
and  cultivators  of  the  foil.    As  they  pof- 
fefs,  in  fee  fimple,  the  farms  which  they 
cultivate,  they  are  naturally  attached  to 
their  country;  the  cultivation  of  the  foil 
makes  them  robuft  and  healthy,  and  ena- 
bles them  to  defend  it.  New  England  mayi 
with  propriety,  be  called  a  nurfery  of 
men,  whence  are  annually  tranfplanted, 
into  other  parts  of  the    United  States, 
thoufands  of  its  natives.     Vaft  numbers 
of  them,  fince  the  war,  have  immigrated 
into  the  northern  parts  of  N.  York,  Can- 
ada, Kentucky  and  the  Weft:ern  Territory, 
and  Georgia,  and  fome  arc  fcattcred  into 
every  State  and  every  town  of  note  in 
the  Union. 

The  inhabitants  of  New  England  are, 
almofl  univerfally,  of  Engllfli  defcent ; 
and  it  is  owing  to  this  circumftance,  and 
to  the  great  and  general  attention  that 
has  been  paid  to  education,  that  the  Eng- 
Hfli  language  has  been  preferved  among 
them  fo  free  from  corruption.  Learning 
is  difFufed  more  univerfally,  among  all 
ranks  of  people  here,  than  in  any  oth- 
er part  of  the  globe ;  arlfing  from  the 
excellent  eftablifliment  of  fchoois,  not  on- 
ly In  every  townfliip,  but  almofl  in  every 
neighbourhood;  tile  extcnfive  circulation 
of  newfpapers  ;  and  the  focial  libraries  in 
a  great  part  of  the  parlflles.  The  firft  at- 
tempt to  form  £  regular  fettiement  intliis 
country,  was  at  Sagadahock,  in  1607,  but 
the  year  after,  the  whole  number  who 
furvivcd  the  winter,  returned  to  England. 
The  firft  company  that  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  the  New  England  States,  planted 
thcmfclves  at  Plvmouthj  November,  1620. 

The 


NEW 


N  E  W 


The  founders  of  the  colony  confif^cd  of 
but  roi  fouls.  In  1640,  tlu  importation 
of  fcttlers  ceafcd.  Perfccution,  (the  mo- 
tive which  had  led  to  traufportation  to 
America)  was  over,  by  the  change  of  af- 
fairs in  England.  At  this  time,  the  num- 
ber of  palfcn^i^erg  who  had  come  over,  in 
298  veffels,  from  the  beginning  of  the 
colony,  amounted  to  zr,ico,  men,  xvom- 
cn  and  children  ;  perhaps  about  4,000 
families.  In  1760,  the  number  of  inhab- 
itants in  MaiTachufetts  Bhv,  New  Hamp- 
f]iirc,Connei5licut,  and  R.Illand,  amount- 
ed, probably,  to  half  a  million. 

N.jv-F.i'nfidd,  the  north-wefternmoft 
townfliip  in  Fairfield  co.  Connecflicut. 

Niiv-Fane^  the  chief  town  of  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  is  fituatcd  on  Wefl  River, 
I  a  miles  N  W  of  Brattleborough.  It  has 
ijOOO  inhabitants. 

Nc-vfoundland   IJJand,  on    the  E    fide  of 
the   gulph  of  St.  Lawrence,  is   feparated 
from  the  eoaft  of  I>abrador  on  the  N  by 
the  Straits  of  Belifle,   which  is  about  21 
miles  wide.     It  is  fituatcd  between  lat.  46 
45  and  51  46  N,  and  between  long.  5231 
and  59  40  weft  from   Greenwich  :   being 
^Si  miles  long,  and  from  40  to  aSy  broad. 
The  coafts   are  fubjedl  to  fogs,  attend- 
ed with   almoft  continual   ftorms  of  fnow 
and   fleet,    the   Iky  being  ufually  over- 
caft.      From   the   foil  of    this   ifland  the 
Britifli  reap  no   great  advantage,  for  the 
cold   is  long  continued  and  fevere  •-,  and 
the  fummer  heat,  though  violent,  warms 
it  not  enough  to  produce  any  thing  valu- 
able; for  the  foil,  at  leaft  in  thofe  parts 
of  the  ifland  which  have  been  explored,  is 
rocky  and  barren.     However,  it  is  water- 
ed by  feveral  good  rivers,  and  has  manv 
large    and   good   harbours.     This   ifland,  j 
whenever  the  c  ntinent  fliall  come  V^  fhi!  I 
of  timber  convenient  to  navigaticn  (which  I 
on    the    fca  coafl  perhaps    will    be   at  no 
very  remote  period)   it    is    laid    will   af-  I 
ford  a  large   fupply  for   mafts,  yards,  and  i 
all  forts  of  lumber  for  the  W.  India  trade.  ] 
But  what  at  prefent  it  is  chiLliy  valuable  ] 
for,  is  the  great  fifhery  of  cod  carried  on 
upon   thofe  flioals   which  are   called  the 
Banks  of  Newfoundlmd      Gre:.<tBiitai!i 
and  the  U  States,  at  the  loweft  computa- 
tion, annually  emi-jloy  ;-^00O  fail  of  fniall 
cr;:ft  in  this  fifliery  ;  on  board   or  wiiicu. 
and  on  fliore  to  cure  and  pack  the   hfli, 
are  upwards  of   100,000   hands  ;  fo  that 
this  fidiery   is  not    only  a  very  valuable 
branch  of  trade    to  the  merchant,  but  a 
fourcc  of  livelihood  to  many  thoufands  of 
poor  people,  and  a  mall  excellent  nurfe- 

VOL.  I.  Y  Y 


ry  to  the  royal  navy.  This  fjnh.try  \% 
computed  to  increafc  the  national  ftock 
.300,000!.  a  year  in  gold  and  fiiver,  remit- 
ted for  the  cod  fold  m  the  north,  in  Spain, 
Portugal,  Italy,  and  the  Levant.  The 
plenty  of  cod,  both  on  the  great  b-uik  and 
the  leiTcr  ones,  which  lie  to  the  E  and  S 
E  of  this  ifland,  is  inconceivable  ;  and  net 
only  cod,  l)Ut  ftveral  other  fpecies  of  iifK 
are  caught  there  in  abundance  ;  all  of 
which  are  in  nearly  an  equal  plenty  along 
the  fliores  of  Nev*' found  I  and.  Nova- Sco- 
tia, Ntw-England,  and  the  ifle  of  Cape- 
Breton  ;  and  very  profit-ible  fifheries  are 
carried  on  upon  all  their  coafts. 

This  ifland,  afccr  various  difputes  about 
the  property,  was  entirely  ceded   to  En- 
gland by  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  in  1713  ; 
but  the  French  were  left  at  liberty  to  dry 
their  nets  on  the  northern  fliores  of  the 
ifland  ;  and  by  the  treaty  of   1763   they 
were   permitted  to  filli  in  t!ic  gulf  of  St, 
Lawrence,  but  with  this  limitation,  that 
they  llK)'.dd    not   approach   within  three 
leagues  of  any  of  the  co  ifts  belonging  to 
England.     The  fma'l  iflands  of  St.  P'crre 
and  Miquelon,  fituatcd  to  the  foutluvard 
of  Newfoundland,  were  alfo  ceded  to  th(j 
Frer.ch,  who  flipulated  to  creel  no  forti- 
fications  on   thcfe   iflands,  nor   to  keep 
more  than  50  fcidiers  to  enforce  the  po- 
lice.     By   the   laft  treaty   of  peace,  the 
French   are  to  enjoy   tlie  fifheries  on  the 
N  and  on  the  W  coad-i  of  the  ifland  ;  and 
the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States  are 
.allowed  the  fame  privileges  in  tiiliing,  as 
before    their    independen  c.     The    chief 
towns   in   Newt^oundland   are,  Placentia, 
Bonavifta,  and  St.  John's;    owt  not  above 
l,oco  families  remain  here  in  winter.     A. 
fmall   fquadron  of  men  of  war   are  fere 
our  every   fpring   to  protctSt  the  fi'.lierie* 
and  inhabitants,    the    admiral  of  which, 
for  the    time   being,  is   governor  of  the 
ifland.  b-fides  whom,  there  is  a  lieutenant- 
governor,  who  relldes   at    Pl.accntia.     In 
1785,    Great    Britain    eniployed    in    the 
Newfoundland  fifliery,   291  fiiliing  fliips, 
and    58     colony     iaips,    wliofe    tonnage 
amounted    to    4  r.990.     1  he   fame   year, 
they  carried  to  foreign  markets  59  r, '.47 6 
quintals  of  fiili.       In    1799    34c  velfels, 
whofe  tonnage  amounted  to  34,225,  car- 
rying 2,449  nien,  were  employed  in  this 
fifhery.     The    fr<me   year   was    exported 
45,?  337  quintals  of  dry  cod  fifh,  i,u99S 
do.  of  core  fi(b,   2,642  tierces  of  Jalmon, 
202  barrels  of  herrings,  3,017  tons  of  oil, 
and  74,i8r  feai  iTcins. 

Veheis  lie  in  the  bays  and  barbour?  of 

thi*. 


N  E  W 


N  E  W 


this  ifland  in  pcrfcA  ftcurlty,  being  well  \ 
liieltered,  except  at  the  entra;u-e.  by  the 
r.iountains  ;  and  fome  of  tlvcm  (the  whole 
circuit  of  the   illand  being   full  of  them) 
are   i  or  2  leagues  in  length,   and   near 
half  a  league  hi  breadth,  into  which  fcv- 
eral  rivers  and  brook.;  of  excellent  water  ! 
covae  from  the  adjacent  mountains.  Thefe  ; 
alfo  are  contiguous  to  each  other,  l>eing  ; 
fcparatedufuallv-only  by  a  point  of  land,  ' 
feldom  excteding   2  leagues  in  brc.idth.  I 
Bnt  the  towns  and  viiiages  are  only  on  ; 
the  larger  aiid  more  commodious  bays    ; 
Tiie   cod  arc  ufually  found   to  be  mofl  , 
abundant   where    the   bottom   is   fandv,  ; 
and  the  leaft  numerous  wliere  it  is  mud-  1 
dy,  and  the  beft  depth  is  alfo  between  30  ] 
and  40  fathoms.     When  a  fliip  has  taken  i 
her  flation,  flie  is  immediately  unrigged, 
and  a  proper  place  fetetfled  for  curing  and  ! 
fecuring  the  fifli,  and  huts  eretfled  for  : 
the  men  who  work  adiore  ;  a  large  fcaf-  | 
fold  is  alfo  eredied  at  the  water's  edge,  | 
where  the   number   of  flialk>ps   deftined  | 
for  the  fiihery  is  got  ready,  and  alio  i'c-  \ 
cured  after  the  feafon   is  over,  till  the  ' 
following  fummer.     Ships  firft  entering 
any  bay,  have  the  privilege  of  applying 
thefe  to  their  own  ufe.     The  mailer  who  : 
arrives  firfl:  in   the  feafon  in  each  of  the  I 
numerous  harbours,  is  for  that  year  (lyled  i 
Lord  of  the  Harbour  ;    who   alfo  fettles  1 
dilputes  among  the  ftfliermeu.     We  fltall  : 
not  detail  the  mode  of  managing  and  cur-  ; 
ing  the  fifli,  which  is  purfucd  with  much  j 
perfevering  labotir;  we   lliall  only  add, 
that  the  Great    Bank  of  Nfwfoundland,  : 
which  may  properly  be  decn-.ed  a  vail 
mountain  under  water,   is  not  lefs  than  ; 
330   miles   in    length,   and   about   75    in  ' 
breadth.     The  depth  of  the  water  upon  ' 
it  varies  from  15  to  60  fathoms,  and  the  ' 
bottoni  is  covered  with  a  vafl:   quantity  1 
of  ihells,  and   frequented  by  vaft  Ihoals  ■ 
of  fmall  xilh,  mofl  of  which  icrve  as  food  ' 
to  the  cod,  that  are  inconceivably  nume-  \ 
rous  and  voracious.     It  is  a  fait,  in  proof  \ 
of  the  plenty  of  cod  licre,  that  though  fb  '. 
many  hundred  vefl'cb  have  been  annuailv  ' 
loaded  with  them,  for  two  cciit'irics  pafi,  j 
yet  the   prodigious  confumption  h^s  not  , 
yet  leflened    their  plenty.     'I'he  numiicr  ! 
of  fowls  called  penguins,  are  certain  okhtIcs 
tor  the  bank,  and  are  never  found  off  it ; 
thefe  are  fometimes  fern   in   flocks,   but  { 
more  ufually   in    paiis.     The  lijhery  on  ' 
tlje  banks  of  Newfoundland  may  be  iuflly  I 
ly  cfl:cemed  a  mine  cf  greater  value  than  ] 
©f  thofein  Mexico  or  Peru.     The  Frtnch  1 
ufcd.  to  employ  in  this  fiflicry  264  ihips,  j 


[  tonnage  27,439  ;  and  9,403  men.     Total 
I  value  j(^ 270,000  fterling 
j       ivri:-  Found  Mills,  Hanover  co.  Virgin- 
j  ii.     Here  is  a  poft  office,^!  12  miles  from 
I  Wailiington. 

j       Ne7v  Ganlcn,   a  poll  town  in  Chcfter 
CO.  PennfyKv.nia. 

Ne-iV  Gardi^ri,  a  fettlcment  of  the  Friends 
in  Gijildford  co.  North  Carolina. 

Ndiv  Geneva,  apofttown  in  Fayette  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Ndiv  Gcne'ua^  in  Fayette  co.  Pennfylva- 
nia, on  the  S  fide  of  the  Monongahela.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  glafs  bottles  and 
.mufquets.  Iron  ore  and  coal  are  found  iit 
great  plenty  in  the  vicinity.  Here  is  a 
poft  oliice,  230  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Ndiv-Germanioivn,  a  poll  town  of  Nevr 
Jerfey,  Hunterdon  co.  28  miles  N  W  of 
Brunfwick,  47  N  by  E  of  Trenton,  and 
77  N  E  by  N  cf  Philadelphia. 

Nciu-GLuceJlcr,  a  fmall  poft  toAvn  in 
Cumberland  co.  Maine,  2 7^miles  norther- 
ly of  Portbnd,  and  146  N  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1774,  and  contain* 
1,378  inhabitants. 

Ndiv  Gotiitigen,  a  town  of  Georgia, 
Burke  co.  on  the  W  bank  of  Savannah 
river,  aljout  1 8 miles  E  of  Waynefborough, 
and  z$  N  W  of  Ebenczer. 

New -Granada,  a  province  in  the  fouth- 
crn  divifion  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  America, 
whofe  chief  town  is  Santa  Fede  Bagota. 
See  Cibola. 

Nciv-Granthom,  a  townfliip  in  Chefhire 
CO.  N.  Hamplhire,  was  incorporated  in 
J 761,  about  fifteen  miles  S  E  of  Dart- 
mouth college. 

Neiv  Hampjlircy  one  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  is  firuated  between 
lat.  42  41  and  45  n  N,  and  between 
70  40  and  72  28  W  long,  from  Green- 
wich ;  bounded  N  by  Lower  Canada  ;  K 
by  the  Di.tr iA  of  Pvlaine  ;  S  by  MaJia- 
chufetts,  and  W  by  Connecticut  river, 
which  feparates  it  from  Vermont.  It» 
fliape  is  nearly  that  of  a  right  angled  tri- 
angle. The  Di Uriel  of  Maine  and  the 
Tea  ic5  leg,  the  line  of  ManV.chufetts  its 
perpendicular,  and  Connecticut  River  it» 
hypothcnufe.  It  contains  9,491  fquarc 
miles,  or  6,074,240  acres;  of  which  at 
ieafl  100,000  acres  are  w  ater.  Its  length 
is  168  miles  ;  its  greatcfi:  breadth  c^o,  and 
its  leaft  breadth  19  miles. 

'I'his  State  is  divided  into  5  counties, 
viz.  Rocki.igham,  Straflbrd,  Cheihire, 
Hillfborough,  and  Grafton.  The  chief 
towns  are  Portfmouth,  Exeter,  Concord^ 
Dover,  Amhtrft,  Keen,  Charicitown,  Ply- 
mouth, 


N  E  W 


N  E  W 


mouth,  and  Haver  111;  I.  Moft  of  the  town- 
fliips  are  6  miles  jcmre,  and  the  whole 
number  of  townfliips  and  locations  is 
2.14  ;  containing  183,038  inhabit?.nts.  In 
17 67,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was  efti- 
mated  at  5Z,700.  This  Stp.te  haa  but 
about  lo  miles  of  fea-coaPr,  at  its  S  E  cor- 
ner. In  this  d!il;incc  there  are  feveral 
coves  for  fifliing  vcireis,  but  the  only  har- 
bour for  l"hips  is  the  entrance  of  Pii"cata- 
qua  River,  the  fliores  of  which  are  rocky. 
The  lliorc  is  mcftly  a  fandy  beach,  ad- 
joining to  which  aie  f-ilt  marilies,  inter- 
sected by  creeks,  which  produce  good 
paftiire  for  cattle  and  flieep.  Tiie  inter- 
val lands  on  the  margin  of  the  great  riv- 
ers are  moll:  valuable,  bccaufe  they  are 
overflowed  and  enriched  by  the  water 
from  the  uplands  which  brings  a  fat  fiime 
or  fedlment.  Gn  Connetflicut  River  thefe 
lands  are  from  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  a 
mile  and  a  half  on  each  fide,  and  produce 
corn,  grain,  and  grafs,  efpccially  wheat, 
in  greater  abundance  and  perfection  than 
the  fame  kind  of  foil  does  in  the  higher 
lands.  The  wide  fpreading  hills  are  cf- 
tcemed  as  warm  and  rich  ;  rocky  moift 
land  is  accounted  good  for  pafture ; 
drained  fwanips  hrtve  a  deep  mellow  foil ; 
and  the  vallies  between  the  hiils  are  gen- 
erally very  produrtive.  Agriculture  is 
ihe  chief  occupation  of  the  inhabitants  ; 
beef,  pork,  mutton,  poultry,  wheat,  rye, 
Indian  corn,  barley,  puife,  butter,  cheefc, 
hops,  efcuknt  roots  and  plants,  flax, 
hemp,  &c.  are  articles  which  will  always 
find  a  market,  and  are  raifcd  in  immenfe 
quantities  in  New  Harrpfnire,  both  for 
home  confumption  and  exportation.  Ap- 
ples and  pears  are  the  nioft  common  fruits 
cultivated  in  this  Stste,  and  no  hufl^and- 
man  thinks  his  farm  complete  without  an 
orchard.  Tree  fruit  of  the  iirfl;  quality 
cannot  be  raifed  in  fuch  a  northern  cli- 
mate as  this,  without  particular  atten- 
tion. N.  York,  N.  Jerfey  and  Pennfylva- 
nia  have  it  in  perfection.  As  you  depart 
from  that  tracEl,  either  fouthward  or 
northward,  it  degenerates.  The  unculti- 
vated lands  are  covered  with  extenfive 
fprefts  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  oak,  walnut,  &c. 
For  climate, difeafes,  &:c.  fee  N^zv  England. 
New  Hamplhire  is  interfedfed  by  feveral 
ranges  of  mountains.  The  firft  ridge,  by 
the  name  of  the  Blue  Hills,  pafles  through 
Rochefter,  Barrington  and  Nottingham, 
and  the  feveral  fummits  are  diftinguiflied 
by  dilFerent  names.  Behind  thcfe  are 
feveral  higher  detached  mountains.  Far- 
ther back  the  mountains  riie  ftill  higher, 


and  among  the  third  range,  Chocoriia,, 
Offapee,  and  Kyarfarge,are  the  principal. 
Beyond  thcfe  is  the  lofty  ridge  which 
divides  the  branches  of  Connecticut  and 
Merrimack  rivers,  denominated  the 
Height  of  Land.  In  this  ridge  is  the  cele- 
brated Monadnock  mountain.  Thirty 
miles  N  of  Avhich  is  Siinapee,  and  48  miles 
furtlier  is  Moofehillock,  called  alfo  Moo- 
flielcck  mountain.  The  ridge  is  then 
continued  northerly,  dividing  the  waters 
of  the  river  Conntdticut  from  thofe  of 
Saco,  and  Amarifcoggin.  Here  the  moun- 
tains rife  much  higher,  and  the  moft  eleva- 
ted fummits  in  this  range  are  the  White 
Tvlountains.  The  lauds  V/  of  this  laft: 
mentioned  range  of  mountains,  bordering 
on  Connedlicut  River,  arc  interfperftcl 
with  extenfive  meadows,  rich  and  well 
watered.  OiTapce  Mountain  lies  adjoin- 
ing the  town  of  Mouitonborough  on  the  N 
E.  In  this  town  it  is  obfcrved,  that  in  a. 
N  E  ftorm  the  wind  falls  over  the  moun- 
tain like  water  over  a  dam;  and  \\\Cn. 
fuch  force,  as  frequently  to  unroof  houfes. 
People  who  live  near  thefe  mountains,  by 
noticingthe  various  movements  of  attracSt- 
ed  vapours,  can  form  a  pretty  accurate 
judgment  of  the  weather  ;  and  they 
hence  ftyie  thefe  mountains  their  Alma- 
nack. If  a  cloud  is  attra(St:ed  by  a  moun- 
tain, and  hovers  on  its  top,  they  predict 
rain  ;  and  if,  after  rain,  the  mountain 
continues  capped,  they  expedl  a  repeti- 
tion of  fJiowers.  A  ftorm  is  preceded 
for  feveral  hours  by  a  roaring  of  the 
mountain,  which  may  be  heard  10  or  iz 
miles.  But  the  White  Mountains  are  un- 
doubtedly the  liigheft  hind  in  New  Eng- 
land, and,  in  clear  weather,  are  difcover- 
ed  before  any  other  laud,  by  veiTels  com- 
ing in  to  the  eaftcrn  coafi:;  but  by  reafon 
of  their  white  appearance,  are  frequently 
miftaken  for  clouds.  They  are  vilihle  on 
the  land  at  the  diftance  of  80  mile*,  on 
the  S  and  S  E  fides ;  they  appear  liigh- 
er  when  viewed  from  the  N  E,  and  it 
is  faid,  they  are  feen  from  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Chamblee  and  Quebec. 
The  Indians  gave  them  the  name  of  Agi- 
ocochook.  The  number  of  fummits  in 
this  clufter  of  mountains  cannot  at  prefent 
be  afcertained,  the  country  around  them, 
being  a  thick  wildernefs.  The  greateft 
number  which  can  be  fecn  at  once,  is  at 
Dartniouth,  on  the  N  W  fide,  where  fev- 
en  fummits  appear  at  one  view,  of  which 
four  are  bald.  Of  thefe  the  three  higheft 
are  the  moft  diflant,  being  on  the  eafterii 
fide  of  the  clufter  ;  one  of  thefe  is  the 
mountain 


N  E  W 


NEW 


mofintam  ir'/'hich  makes  fo  majeftlran  ap- 
pearance all  along  the  tliore  of  the  tall- 
crn  countifcs  of  MalTarhufetts :  It  has 
lately  l>cen  diftinguifhed  by  the  name  of 
Mount  I'VaJhhrgion.  Dijring  the  period  of 
9  or  lo  months,  thtfe  mountains  exhibit 
more  or  lef?  of  that  bright  appr-arance, 
from  which  they  are  denominated  white. 
In  the  fpri ng,  when  the  faow  is  partly 
difToived,  they  appear  of  a  pale  blue, 
flrcaked  witii  white  ;  and  after  it  is  wiiol- 
ly  gone,  at  the  diftance  of  60  miles,  they 
are  altogether  of  the  fame  pale  blue,  near- 
ly approaching  a  flcy  colour;  while  at 
the  fame  time,  viewed  at  the  diftance  of 
8  miles  or  lefs,  thty  appear  of  the  proper 
colour  of  the  lock.  Tliefe  changes  are  ob 
fcrved  bv  people  who  live  within  conhaui 
•view  of  ihem ;  and  from  thefe  fails  and 
obfervations,  it  may  with  certainty  be 
concluded,  tiiat  the  whitencfs  of  tliem  is 
wholly  caufed  by  the  fnow,  and  not  by 
any  other  white  fubftance,  for  in  fa6f 
there  is  none. 

The  reader  will  find  an  elegant  def- 
cription  of  thefe  mountain?  in  the  i^^v  vr.i 
of  Dx  Belknap's  Hiflory  of  New  H  imp 
iliire,  from  which  the  above  is  extratfled 

The  moft  ronfideraf>le  rivers  of  this 
State  are  Connecticut,  Merrimack,  Pifcat 
aqua,Saco,Androicoggin, Upper  and  Low- 
er Amonooruckjbdicies  many  other  fmali- 
cr  ftjcams.  The  chief  lakes  are  Winni 
pifeogee,  Umhagog,  Sunapce,  Squam,  and 
Great  Offapee.  Bcfoje  the  w  .r,  ilrip- 
building  was  a  fourcc  of  ccnfiderabte 
■wealth  to  this  State  ;  about  ioo  vefiels 
were  then  annually  built,  and  Ibid  in  Eu 
rope  and  in  the  W.Indies;  but  that  tr^dc 
is  much  declined.  Although  this  is  not 
to  be  ranked  among  the  great  commer- 
cial States,  yet  its  trade  is  conlick-ra- 
ble  Its  exports  confifl:  of  luml^er,  fliip- 
timher,  whaie  oil,  fl  x  feed,  live  ftock, 
beef,  pork,  Indian  torn,  pot  and  pearl 
aflies,  ^c  &c.  In  1790,  ihcre  belonged 
to  Pifc  taqua  }^^,  veiieis  above  ico  tons, 
and  50  under  that  burden.  The  tounage 
of  foreign  and  American  velTtls  cleared 
out  from  the  ift  of  Oc'iober,  1789,  to  the 
ift  of  06l<jbtr,  X791,  was  31,097  tons,  of 
which  26,560  tons  were  American  vefrds. 
The  tiflieries  at  Pifcataqua,  including  the 
Ifle  of  Shoals,  employ  annually  27  fchoo- 
Ticrs  and  20  boats.  In  1791,  the  pioduce 
was  25,850  quintals  of  cod  and  fcale  fifli. 
The  exports  from  the  port  of  Pifcataqua 
in  two  years,  viz.  from  the  iff  of  O6I0- 
ber,  1789,  to  the  ifl  of  0(Slober,  1791, 
amouuttt*  to  the  value  of  296,839  dolls. 


51  cents ;  in  the  year  cndin|[  Sept.  ^oth, 
179Z,  181,407  dollars;  in  1793,  198,197 
dollars;  and  in  the  year  1791,  153,856 
doll-rs  ;  in  1801,  the  exports  amounted 
^'^  565,394  dollars.  The  bank  of  New 
Hamplliire  was  cftabliflied  in  1792,  witl> 
a  capital  of  6o,goo  dollars  :  by  an  acT:  of 
aflembly  the  flock-holders  can  increafe  it 
to  aoo.oco  dollars  fpccie,  and  loo.coa 
dollars,  in  any  other  eftate.  I'he  onlv 
college  in  the  State  is  at  Hanover,  called 
Dartmouth  College,  which  is  amply  en- 
dowed v/ith  lands,  and  is  in  a  flourifliing 
iicuation.  The  principal  academies  are 
thofe  of  Fxeter,  New-!pfwich,  Atkinfon, 
and  Amherl]:.  See  Nciv-^ngland,  United 
Stutes^    Sec. 

N'lt"  Ham^i^n,  a  pofl  town  of  New- 
Han^.pfiiirc  StrafTord  co.  on  the  W  fide 
of  Lake  Winnipifcogee,  9  miles  S  E  of 
Plymouth,  and  9  miles  N  W  of  Mere- 
dith;  incorporated  in  1777. 

N'c'zv-HiiKfiion,  a  poft  town,  Hiinterdoii 
CO.  New  Jcrfey,  217  miles  from  Wafliing^ 
ton. 

Neiv- Hanover,  a  maritime  co.  of  Wil- 
mington di(lri<5l,  N.  Carolina,  extending 
from  Cape  Fear  River  N  E  along  the  At- 
lantic ocean.     Chief  town,  Wilmington. 

Nc'iv- Hanover,  a  townfliip  in  Burling- 
ton CO.  N.  Jerfey,  containing  about  20,000 
acres  of  improved  land,  and  a  large  quan- 
tity that  is  barren  and  uncultivated.  The 
comp:;i£l  part  of  the  townihip  is  called 
NeTj'-Mil'f,  where  are  about  50  houfes, 
27  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  13  from 
Burlington. 

Ntiv-  Hanonier,  a  townfliip  in  Morga* 
CO.  P<  nnfylvania. 

NeiV'H.mo'ver,  a  CO.  of  N.  Catolina, dif- 
tri(flof  Wilmington,  conta'ning  5,371  in- 
habitants, of  whom  2,933  are  flaves.  Haz-r 
ardous  is  the  ftate  of  that  Ibciety  while 
its  ruin  would  be  defireable  to  the  ma- 
jority. 

Ntiv -Hartford,  a  fmall  poft-town  in 
Litchfield  co.  Connedlicut,  14  miles  N  E 
of  Litchfield,  20  W   by  Nof  Hartford. 

Nciv-Haven  co.  Conn. extends  along  the 
Sound  between  Middlefex  co.  on  the  eaft, 
and  Fairfield  co.  on  the  wtft  ;  about  3a 
miles  long  fiom  N  to  S,  and  28  from  eafl 
to  well:.  It  is  divided  into  14  townfliips. 
It  contained  in  1756,  17,955  free  perfons, 
and  a26flaves  ;  in  1774,  25,896  free  per- 
fons  and  925  flaves  ;  in  1790,  30,397  free 
pcrlbns  and  433  flaves  ;  and  in  180Q, 
31,926  free  perfons  and  236  flaves. 

Neil'- Ha-ven f  f  City )  the  feat  of  juflicc  in 
{  the  above  co.  and  tke  femi-metropolis  of 

the 


NEW 


NEW 


the  State.  This  city  lies  round  the  head 
of  a  bay  which  makes  up  about  4  miles 
N  from  Long  liland  Sound.  It  covers 
part  of  a  large  plain  which  is  circumfcri- 
bcd  on  three  lides  by  high  hills  or  moun- 
tains. Two  fmall  rivers  bound  the  city 
E  and  W.  It  was  originally  J«id  out  in 
fquarcs  of  60  rods  ;  many  of  thelc  fquares 
have  been  divided  by  crofs  ftreets.  Four 
streets  run  N  V/  and  S  E,  and  are  crofied 
by  others  at  right  angles.  Near  the  centre 
of  the  city  is  the  public  fquare,  on  and 
around  which  are  the  public  buildi-.igs 
which  are  a  fiate-houie,  3  college  ediikes, 
a  chapel  and  edifice  for  the  library,  &c.  3 
churches  for  Congregationalifts,  and  one 
for  Epifcopalians  ;  all  which  are  hand- 
fome  and  commodious  buildings.  The 
college  edifices,  ftate-houfe,  and  one  of  the 
churchr:s  ai  c  of  brick.  The  public  fquarc 
is  encircled  with  rows  of  trees,  which  ren^ 
der  it  both  convenient  and  delightful, 
its  beauty,  however,  is  greatly  diminiilicd 
by  the  burial-ground,  and  feveral  of  the 
public  buildings  v/hich  occupy  a  confid- 
crable  part  of  it.  Many  of  the  ftiectsarc 
ornamented  v;ith  rows  of  trees  on  each 
fide,  which  gi\'e  the  city  a  rural  appear- 
ance. The  profpecl  from  the  fteeples  is 
greatly  variegated  and  .extremely  beauti- 
ful There  are  between  300  and  4G0  neat 
dwelling-houfes  in  the  city,  principally  of 
wood.  The  llrects  are  Candy  but^jclean. 
Within  the  limits  of  the  city  in  1798,  were 
547  houfes,  and  up\Tards  of  4, '^00  fouls. 
About  one  in  70  die  annually.  Indeed 
as  to  pleafantnefs  of  fituationand  falubri- 
ty  "if  air,  New- Haven  is  hardly  exceeded, 
by  anv  city  in  America.  It  carries  on  a 
conliderable  trade  with  New-York  and 
the  Weft  India  iOands.  The  exports  for  i 
year, ending  Sept.  30,  1794,  amounted  to 
the  value  of  171,868  dollars.  Manufac- 
tures of  card  teeth,  linen,  buttons,  cotton, 
and  paper  are  carried  on  here.  Yale 
College,  wliich  is  cftabiiflied  in  this  city, 
was  founded  in  1700,  and  remained  at  Kil- 
h'ngworth  until  1 7  07,  then  at  Say  brook  un- 
til 17 16,  when  it  was  removed  and  fixed  at 
New  Haven.  It  has  its  name  from  its  prin- 
cipal benefa(ilor,  Gov.  Yale.  There  are  at 
prefent  8  college  doMicUcs,  3  of  which, 
each  100  feet  long,  and  40  wide,  are  in- 
habited by  the  ftudents,  containing  32 
chambers  each,  fufficient  for  lodging  200 
iludcnts;  a  chapel  40  by  jo  feet,  with  a 
fteeple  130  feet  high;  another  edifice  for 
the  library,  &c.  of  the  fame  dimenfions, 
a  dining  hall  60  by  40  feet ;  a  houfe  for 
theprefident,  aud  anothtr  for  the  profef- 


for  of  divinity.  The  public  library  coa- 
iifts  of  about  3,000  volumes,  and  the  phi- 
li'fophical  apparatus  is  as  complete  as 
mod  others  in  tne  Unirtd  States,  and  ctui- 
tains  the  machines  neceli'ary  fur  exhibit- 
ing experiments  in  the  whole  courfe  of 
experimental  philofophy  and  allronomy. 
'I'he  mureum,to  which  aclciitio«s  art  con^ 
ftantly  making,  Cijntains  many  iiaturai 
curiolities.  From  the  year  170c  to  1793, 
there  had  been  educated  and  graduated 
at  this  univer lity  about  2,303.  The  nuin- 
ber  of  ftudcjits  is  generally  150.  Ti>« 
harbour,  though  inferior  to  New-London^ 
har,  good  anchorage,  with  3  fathonis  and  4 
feet  water  at  common  tides,and 2-^-  fatlioms 
at  low  water.  This  place  and  Hartford 
are  the  feats  of  the  legiflature  alternately. 
It  is  40  miles  S  W  by  S  of  Hart  fori),  54 
from  New-London,  88  from  Ntw-York, 
IJ2  from  Softon,  and  183  N  £  of  Phila^ 
deiphia.     N  lat.  41  i  8,  W  long  72  r^- 

Nfju-K^'ven^  a  P'mI;  tr.wE  in  AddiJbn  co. 
Vermont,  on  Otter  Creek,  between  Mid- 
dlebury  and  Vc  rgcnnes. 

Njiju-Hthridcs^-A.  clufter  of  ifiandb  in  tlie 
Pacific  Ocean,  {i:>  called  by  Capt.  Cook  iu 
X794  ;  the  fame  as  the  Archipdogo  of  the 
Great  Cyclades  of  Bougainville,  or  the  '2i?r- 
ra  Aujlral  of  Quiros  ;  v/hich  fee. 

Neiv-Hulland^  a  poft  town  of  Pcnnfylva-. 
nia,Lancaner  co.  in  the  midll  of  a  ttrtile 
country.  It  contains  a  German  rjiurch 
and  about  lOO  houfes.  It  is  12  miles  E 
N  E  of  Lancafter,  and  54  W  N  W  uS- 
Philadelphia. 

J^s'vu- Huntir^ton.   See  Huntington, 

ITeihichivaiuanick.   See  PiCcataqiia. 

Nezvingtotty  a  townfliip,  formtrlv  part 
of  Portfmouth  and  Dover,  in  RockjiiglKUu 
CO.  New  Hampfnire.  It  contains  481  in* 
habitants. 

Neiv  iK-iicrnefs,  in  Georgia,  is  (ituatcd 
near  Darien  on  Alatamaha  River.  \t 
was  built  by  the  Scotcli  Highlandci  s,  160 
of  whom  landed  here  in  1735. 

Nc'%v-Ipftvicb^  a  pofl:  town  iu  Hiilf- 
borough  CO.  N.  Hampihire,  on  the  W  fide 
of  Souhegan  river,  upon  the  fouthe-rn  line 
of  the  State.  It  was  incorporated  in  17  6z, 
and  contains  1,266  inhabitants.  There  is 
an  academy,  founded  in  1789,  having  a 
fund  of  alnjut  ^i^ooo,  and  has  generally 
about  40  or  50  fiudents.  It  is  about  24 
miles  S  E  of  Keene,  and  75  W  S  W  of 
Portfmouth. 

New  Jcrfy,  one  of  the  CJnited  State* 
of  America,  is  fituated  between  39  and 
41  24  N  latitude,  and  between  74  44  and 
75  33  W  longitude  from  Londou ;  bound- 
ed 


NEW 


NEW 


cd  E  by  Hndfon's  River  and  the  Ocean; 
W  by  Dclawire  Bay  and  river,  which  di- 
vide it  froni  the  States  of  Delaware  and 
Pcnnfvlvania  ;  N  bv  the  line  drawn  from 
the  mouth  of  Mahakk:<n-i;ik  river,  in  lat. 
41  24  to  a  point  on  Hudfon's  River,  in 
lat.  41.     It  is  about    t6o  miles  long  and 
52  broad,  containing  about  8,320  fquare 
miles,  equal  to  5,32^,800  acres.     It  is  di- 
vided ':v.:o  13   counties,  viz.  Cape  May, 
Cumberland,  Salem,  Gloucefter,  Burling- 
ton, Hunterdon,  and  Sulllx;  thefe  7  lie 
from  S  to  N  on  Delaware  River ;    Cape 
May  and  Gloucefter  extend  acrofs  to  (he 
fea  ;  Bergen,  EiTex,  Middlccx,  and  iVlon- 
mouth,  lie  from  N  to  S  on  the  eaftcrn  liJe 
of  the   State;  Somerfet   and   Morris   are 
inland  counties.     The  number  of  inhabit- 
ants is    211,149,  of  whom    12,422    are 
flaves.     The  mou  lemark^blc  bay  is  Ar- 
thur Kuli.  or  Newark  Briy,  formed  by  the 
union  of  PalTaick  and  Hackiafac  fivers. 
The  rivers  in  this  State,  thocgh  not  Lirge, 
are  numcroa«:,      A   traveller,  in    pafling  | 
the   common  road  from   New    York  to  1 
Philadelphia,    crolTe^  three   confiderable  j 
rivers,  viz.  the   Hackinfac  and  PalTaick,  } 
betv.'cen  Bergen   and   Newark,  and   the 
Rarlt:  n  by  Brunfwick.   PalTaick  is  a  very 
crooked  river.     It  is  navigable  about  10 
miles,  and  is  230  yards  wide  at  the  ferry. 
The  cataracSt,  or  Great  Falls,  in  this  riv- 
er, is  one  of  the  greatcfl:  natural  curiofi- 
ties  in  the  State.     I'he  river  i.^  about  40 
yards  wide,  anJ.  moves  in  a  i!ov/,  gentle 
current,  until  coming  within  a  fliort  dif- 
tance  of  a   deep   cleft  in   a  rock,  Avhiph 
croiTcs  the  channel,  it  defcends  anc|  falls 
above    70  feet  perpendicalarly,   in   one 
entire  flieet.     One  end  of  tl;e  cleft,  which 
was  evidently  made  by  fonie  violent  con- 
vulfion  in  nature,  is  doled  ;  at  the  oth- 
er, the  water  ruflies  out  with  incredible 
fwlftnefs,  forming  ?.n  acute  angle  with  its 
former  diredticn,  and   is  received  into  a 
large  bafon,  whence  it  takes  a  winding 
courft  through  the  rocks,  and  fpreads  in- 
to a  broad  fmooth  ftream.     The  cleft  is 
from  4  to  12  feet  broad.     The  falling  of 
the  water  occafions  a  cloud  of  vapour  to 
arife,  which,  by  floating  amidft  the  fun- 
beams,  pvefents  rainbows   to    the    view, 
which   adds  beauty   to  the   tremendous 
fcene.     The  new  nianufa<5luring  town  of 
Pattcrfon  is  credled  upon  the  Great  Falls 
in  this  river.     Rariton  River  is  formed 
by  two  confiderable   fl:rearns,  called  the 
N  and  S  branches  ;  one  of  which  has  its 
fource  in  Morris,  the  other  in  Hunterdon 
tounty.      It   pafies   by   Brunfwick   and 


Amboy,  and,  mingling  with  the  waters  of 
the  Arthur   Kull   Sound,  helps  to  fornt 
the  fine  harbour  of  Amboy.    Bridges  have 
lately    been    eredted  over    the   Paliaick, 
Hackinfac  and   Rariton    rivers,    on    the 
pofl  road  between  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia.    Thefe  bridges  will  greatly  fa- 
cilitate the  intercourfe  between  thefe  two 
great  cities.    The  counties  of  SulTex,  Mor- 
ris, and  the  northern  part  of  Bergen,  arq 
mountainous.     As  much    as  five-eighths 
of  moft  of  the  fouthern  counties,  or  f  of 
the  whole  State,  is  almofl.  entirely  a  fandy 
barren,  unfit   in  many  p^rts  for  cultiva- 
tion.    All  the  varieties  of  foil,  from  the 
woril:  to  the   liffl  kind,  may   be   found 
here.     The  good  land   in   the  fouthern 
counties  lies  principally  on  the  banks  of 
livers  and  creeks.     The  barrens  produce 
little  elfe  but  flirub  oaks  and  yellow  pines. 
Thefe  fandy  lands  yield  an  immenfe  quan- 
tity of  bog  iron  ore,  which  is  worked  up 
to  great  advantage   in  the  iron  works  in 
thefe  counties.     In  the  hiily   and  moun- 
tainous parts  which   are   not   too  rocky 
for  cultivation,  the  foil  is  of  a  Wronger 
kind,  and  covered  in  its  natural  ftate  with 
.lately  qaksj  hickories,  chefnuts,  Sec.  and, 
when    cultivated,   produces  wheat,  rye, 
Indian   corn,  buck  wheat,  oats,  barley, 
flax,  and  fruits  of  all  kinds  common  to 
the   climate.      The    land    in    this    hilly 
country  is  good  for  grazing,  and  farmers 
feed  great  numbers  of  cattle  for  N.  York 
and  Philadelphia  markets.    The  orchards 
in  many  parts  of  the   State   equal   any 
in  the  United  States,  and  their   cider  is 
faid,  and  not  without   reafpn,  to  be  the 
befl:  in  the  world.     The  markets  of  New 
York  and  Philadelphia  receive   a    very 
conTiderable  proportion  of  their  fupplies 
from  the  contiguous  parts  of  New  Jerfey. 
Thefe    fupplies  confifl:   of  vegetables   of 
many  kinds,  apples,  pears,  peaches,  plums, 
flrawberries,  cherries   and   other  fruits  ; 
cider  in  large  quantities,  butter,  chccfe, 
beef,  pork,  mutton,  and  the  lefl'er  meats. 
The  trade  is  carried  on  almofl  folely  with 
and  from  thofe  two  great  commercial  cit- 
ies, N.  York  on  one  fide,  and  Philadel- 
phia on  the  other:    though  it  wants  not 
good   ports  of  its  own.      ManufacHrures 
have   hitherto  been   inconfiderable,  not 
fufRcient  to  fupply    its  own    confump- 
tion,  if  we   except  the  articles  of  iron, 
nails,  and  leather.     A  fpirit  of  induftry 
and  improvement,  particularly  in  manu- 
fadlures,  has  however,  of  late,  greatly  in- 
creafed.     The  iron  manufa(flure  is,  of  all 
others,  the  greateft  fource  of  wealth  to. 

th^ 


NEW 


N  E  W 


the  State.  Iron  works  are  ere<lft^ed  in 
Gioucefter,  Burlington,  SufTex,  Morris, 
and  other  counties.  The  mountains  In 
tlie  CO.  of  Morris  give  rife  to  a  number 
of  dreams,  necefTary  and  convenient  for 
thcfe  works,  and  at  the  fame  time  furnilli 
a  copious  fupply  of  wood  and  ore  of  a 
fupcrior  quality.  In  this  county  alone 
are  no  lefs  than  7  rich  iron  mints,  from 
which  might  be  taken  ore  fufficient  to 
fupply  the  United  States  ;  and  to  work  it 
into  iron,  there  are  two  furnaces,  2  rolling 
and  flitting  mills,  and  about  30  forges, 
containing  from  2  to  4  fires  each.  Thefc 
works  produce  annually  about  540  ton? 
of  bar  iron,  800  tons  of  pigs,  befides  large 
quantities  of  hollow  ware,  flieet  iron,  and 
nail  rods.  In  the  whole  State  iws  ^'l>~ 
pofed  there  is  yearly  made  abowt  i2CO 
tons  of  bar  iron,  1200  do.  of  pigs,  80  do. 
of  nail-rods,  exclulive  of  hollow  ware, 
and  various  other  cartings,  of  which  vafl: 
quantities  are  made.  The  inhabitants 
are  a  collection  of  Low  Dutch,  Germans, 
Engliili,  Scotch,  IrlA,  and  New  England- 
crs,  and  their  dcfcendants.  National  at- 
tachment, and  mutual  convenience,  have 
generally  induced  thefe  feveral  kinds  of 
people  to  fettle  together  in  a  body,  and 
in  this  way  their  peculiar  national  man- 
ners, cuftoms  and  character  are  flill  pre- 
fcrved,  efpecially  among  the  poorer  clafs 
of  people,  who  have  little  intercourfe 
with  any  but  thofe  of  their  own  nation. 
The  people  of  N.  Jerfey  are  generally  in- 
duftrious,  frugal  and  hofpitable.  There 
are  in  this  State  about  50  Prefbytcrian 
congregations,  fubjecSl  to  the  care  of  3 
Preftyteries  ;  befides  upwards  of  40  con- 
gregations of  Friends,  30  of  Baptifts,  25 
of  F.pifcopalians,  28  of  Dutch  Reformed, 
befides  Methcdifts,  and  a  fettlemeut  of 
Moravians.  All  thefe  religious  denomi- 
nations live  together  In  peace  and  harnio- 
By ;  and  are  allowed,  by  the  conftitutioii 
of  the  State,  to  worfliip  Almighty  God 
agreeably  to  the  dictates  of  their  ov/n 
confciences.  The  college  at  Princeton, 
called  Naffau  Hall,  has  been  under  the 
care  of  a  fucceihon  of  Prefidcnts,  eminent 
for  piety  and  learning ;  and  has  furnilhed 
a  number  of  Civilians,  Divines,  and  Phy- 
ficians,  of  tlie  Urd  rank  in  America.  It 
has  confiderahle  funds,  is  under  excellent 
regulations,  and  has  generally  from  80  to 
100  ftudents,  principally  from  the  fouth- 
crn  States.  There  are  academies  at  Free- 
hold, Trenton,  Hackinfak,  Orangedale, 
Elizabeth-Town,  Burlington,  and  New- 
ark; itiid  grammar  fchools  at  Springfield, 


Mi)rriflown,  Bordentown,  and  Amboy, 
There  are  a  numbci  of  towns  in  this 
State  nearly  of  equal  fjzc  and  importance, 
and  none  that  has  more  than  300  houfe* 
eompadlly  built.  Trenton  is  one  of  the 
largeft,  and  the  capital  of  the  State.  I'hc 
other  principal  towns  arc  Brunfv.'ick, 
Burlington,  Amhoy,  Bordentown,  Prince- 
town,  Elizabeth  Town,  Newark,  and 
Morriftown.  This  State  was  the  feat  of 
war  for  fevcral  years,  during  the  bloody 
contefl:  betweea  (ireat  Britain  and  Amer- 
ica. Her  lol>t;s  bG^h  of  men  and  proper- 
ty, in  proportion  to  the  population  and 
wealth  of  the  State,  was  greater  than  of 
any  other  of  the  Thirteen  States.  When 
Gen.  V»'"aniington  was  retreathig  through 
the  Jerfies,  almoft  forfakcn  by  ail  others, 
her  militia  were  at  all  times  obedient  to 
his  orders,  and,  for  a  confiderahle  length 
of  time,  compofed  the  (trength  of  his 
army.  There  is  hardly  a  town  in  the 
State  that  lay  In  the  progrefs  of  the  Brlt- 
iih  army,  that  was  not  rendered  fignal, 
by  fome  euterprife  or  exploit.  The  ex- 
ports from  this  State  in  1801,  amounted 
to  26,227  dollars. 

JV"c"K7  Jerfey  C'.mpav.ys  Gravt  of  Lands 
lies  on  the  E  fide  of  Miffifippi  River ;  S 
of  Illinois,  and  N  W  of  the  Army  lands, 
which  form  the  traA  lliapcd  by  the  con- 
fluence of  Ohio  with  Mijlillppi. 

Neiv  Ksnt,  a  CO  of  Virginia,  bounded 
on  the  S  fide  of  Pamunky  and  York  riv- 
ers. It  is  about  33  miles  long,  and  17, 
broad,  and  contains  2,74  r  free  inhabitants, 
and  3,622  fiaves.  New  Ken:  court  hotfc 
is  30  miles  from  Richmond,  and  as  f^r 
from  Williamlburg.  At  the  court  houfc 
is  a  pofl  office. 

Keiv  Lthannn,  a  village  in  the  townfliip 
of  Canaan,  Columbia  co.  N.  York,  cele- 
brated for  its  medicinal  fprings.  The 
compact  part  of  this  town  Is  pleafaotly 
fxtuatcvi  partly  in  an  extenilvc  valley,  and 
partly  on  the  declivity  of  the  furroundit!g 
liiils.  The  fpring  is  on  the  S  tide,  and 
near  the  bottom  of  a  gentle  h'il,  but  a 
few  rods  W  of  the  MaffHehufcttb' W  line, 
and  is  furroundtd  with  feveral  gooci  houf- 
es,  which  afford  convenient  accommodH- 
tlons  for  the  valetudiaarians  v/ho  vifit 
thefe  waters.  Concerning  fhe  mcdlciaal 
virtues  of  this  fpring.  Dr.  Waterhoufe, 
Profefibr  of  the  theory  and  prac^lice  of 
phyuc,  at  Harvard  Univeruty,  and  who 
viiited  it  the  fummer  of  1794,  obferves, 
"  I  conftfs  myfelf  at  a  lofs  to  determine 
the  contents  of  thefe  waters  by  chymieat 
analvili,  or  anv  t>f  thie  ordinary  tcfts.     I 

'  '  lufpca 


NEW 


N  E  Vt 


fufpedl  their  Impregnation  is  from  fomc 
caufe  weakened.  Excepting  from  their 
warmth,  which  is  about  that  of  new  milk, 
I  never  iliould  have  fufpetfted  them  to 
come  under  the  head  of  medicinal  waters. 
They  are  ufed  for  the  various  purpofcs 
of  cookery,  and  for  common  drink  by 
the  neighbours,  and  I  never  could  difcov- 
er  any  other  effeAs  from  drinking  them, 
than  what  we  might  expecSl  from  rain  or 
river  water  of  that  temperature.  There 
was  no  vifiblc  change  produced  in  this 
water  by  the  addition  of  aa  alkali,  nor 
by  a  foludon  of  allum  ;  nor  was  any  ef- 
fervefcence  raifed  by  the  oil  of  vitriol; 
neither  did  it  change  the  colours  of  gold, 
filvcr,  or  copper ;  nor  did  it  red  ien  beef 
or  mutton  boiled  in  it ;  nor  did  it  extract 
a  black  tinclure  from  galh  :  neither  did 
it  curdle  milk,  the  whites  of  eggi  or  fo,ip. 
The  quality  of  the  waters  of  the  pool  at 
Lebanon  is.  therefore,  very  diflcrent  from 
thofe  of  Saratoga.  Thtle  are  warm  and 
warmifh,  thofe  very  cold,  fmart,  and  ex- 
hilcrating.  Frogs  are  found  in  the  pool 
of  Lebanon,  and  plants  grow  and  flour- 
jfli  in  and  around  it  ;  but  plants  will  not 
grow  within  the  vapour  of  thofe  of  Sara- 
toga, and  as  for  fmall  animals,  they  foon 
expire  in  it.  Hence  we  conclude  that 
t\mt /jblritus  minerals,  which  fome  call  ae- 
rial acid,  or  fixed  air,  abounds  in  the  one, 
but  not  in  the  other.  Yet  the  Lebanon  pool 
is  famous  for  having  wrought  many  cures, 
cfpccially  in  rheumatifms,  ftifF  joints, 
Icabby  eruptions,  and  even  in  vifceral 
obftruc^ions  and  indigeflions;  all  of  which 
is  very  probable.  If  a  perfon  who  has 
brought  on  a  train  of  chronic  complaints, 
by  intemperance  in  eating  and  drinking, 
fliould  fwallow  4  or  5  quarts  of  rain  or 
river  water  in  a  day,  he  would  not  feel 
fo  keen  an  appetite  for  animal  food,  or 
thirfl  for  fpirituous  liquors.  Hence  fuch 
a  courfe  of  water  drinking  will  open  ob- 
flrudliions,  rinfe  out  impurities,  render 
pcrfplration  free,  and  thus  remove  that 
unnatural  load  from  the  animal  machine, 
which  caufes  and  keeps  up  its  diforders. 
Poffil/ly,  however,  there  may  he  fomttbing 
fo  fubtle  in  thefe  waters  as  to  eiuae  the 
fcrutinizing  hand  of  the  chymifts,  fmcc 
they  all  allow  that  the  analyhs  of  mineral 
Avaters  is  one  among  the  moft  difficu't 
things  in  the  chymical  art."  A  Ibciety 
of  Shakcix  inhabit  the  S  part  of  the  town 
in  two  fettk-ments,  one  of  which  is  iu  j 
view  of  the  main  ftage-road,  which  palles  | 
through  thii  town.  Their  manufd*flurts  j 
of  various  kinds   are  confid^rable,  and 


very  neat  and  excellent.  It  is  %o  mif«» 
E  bv  S  of  Albany,  103  N  of  New  York, 
and'6  W  of  Pittsfield. 

N>"iv  Lebanon,  2i  poft  town.  Camden  co- 
N.  Carolina,  ay 9  miles  from  Wafliington. 
Ncivlin^i.  towndiip  inChtiter  cc.  Penti- 
iylvania,  on  the  Brandy  wine. 

Nuiv  London^  a  maritime  county  of  Con- 
nccfticut,  comprehending  the  S  F.  corner 
of  it,  bordering  E  on  Rhode  Tfiand,  and 
S  on  Long  Ifland  Sound,  about  "^o  miies 
from  E  to  W,  and  24  from  N  to  S.  It 
was  fettled  foon  after  the  lirft  fcttlement* 
were  formed  on  Conneifticut  River  ;  and 
is  divided  into  11  townlliips,  cf  which 
New  London  and  Norwich  are  the  chief. 
It  contained  in  1756,  22,844  inhabitants, 
of  whom  829  were  Haves;  in  1800, 
34,S88,'bf  whom  209  were  llavcfl. 

Neiv-Londorij  a.  city,  port  of  entry,  arid 
poft  town  in  the  above  county,  and  one 
of  the  moft  connderablc  commercial  towns 
in  the  State.  It  ftands  on  the  W  fide  o? 
the  river  Thames,  about  3  rnilcs  from  its 
entrance  into  the  Sound,  and  is  defended 
by  Fort  Trumbull  and  Fort  Grifwold, 
die  one  on  the  New-London,  the  other  on 
the  Groton  fide  of  the  Thames.  A  con- 
liderable  part  of  the  town  was  burnt; 
by  Bcncdidt  Arnold  in  17  81,  It  has  fincc 
been  rebuilt.  Here  are  two  places  of 
public  worOiip,  one  for  Epifcopalians,  and 
one  for  Congregationalift?,  about  300 
dwelling-houfes,  and  4,600  inhabitants. 
The  hc^rbour  is  large,  fafe  and  commodi- 
ous, and  has  5  fathoms  water  ;  high  wa- 
ter at  full  and  change,  54  minutes  after  8, 
On  the  W  llde  of  the  entrance  is  a  light- 
houfe,  oa  a  point  of  land  which  ^jrojtdls 
confidcra'ily  into  the  Sound.  The  ex- 
ports for  a  year  ending  September  30th, 
1794,  amounted  to  557,453  dollars.  In 
that  year  1,000  mules  were  fliipped  for 
the  Weft-Indies.  It  is  14  miles  fouth  of 
Norwich,  54  S  E  by  S  of  Hartford,  54  E 
of  New-Haven,  and  137  N  E  hy  E  of 
Philadelphia.  N  lat.  41  25,  W  long.  7* 
15.  The  tov-nfiiip  of  New-London  was 
laid  <vat   in  lots  in  1648,   but   had  a  few 

;  EngliPihrhabitants  two  years  before.  It 
was  called  by  the  Indians  Nameag  or  Toiw 

>\  3ivcgy  r».rd  from  being  the  feat  of  the  Pe- 

'•^  quoc  tribe,  was  called  Feguot.  It  was  the 
feat  of  Sajhcus,  the  grand  monarch  of 
Long  iHand,  and  part  of  Conueclicut  and 

[  Narraganfet. 

j       Neiv-London^  a  fmall  townfliip  in  Hillf- 

I  borough  CO.  New-Hamplliire,  incorporat- 
ed in  1779,  '^'^^  contains  6i7  inhabitants. 
It  lies  at  the  head  of  lilackwater  River, 

and 


^j  E  W 


NEW 


T^nd  about  3  miles  from  the  N  E  fide  of 
G  an  a  pee  Lake. 

iV>iy  London,  a  pcfl:  town  of  Campbell 
CO.  Virginia,  It  (lands  upon  rifing 
ground,  and  contains  about  130  houfes, 
A  court-houfc  and  ,e;aol.  There  Avtre 
here  in  the  late  war  feX'-eral  work-fliops 
for  repairing  fire-aims,  and  here  is  now  a 
tnagazine  of  arms,  and  a  flourifliing  acad- 
emy. It  is  133  miles  W  by  S  of  Rich- 
mond, 15 sv  W  of  PeterCburg,  and  393  S 
W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

N'jiv  Madt  id,  in  the  northern  part  of 
Louifiana,  is  a  fettlement  on  the  W  bank 
of  the  MiAidppi,  commenced  feme  years 
ago,  and  ccndudtcd  by  Co!.  Morgf^n  of 
New  Jerfey,  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Spanlih  king.  The  fpot  on  which  the 
city  was  propofed  to  be  built  is  fituated 
in  lat.  36  and  30  N,  ard  45  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  Ohio  river.  The  limit'^  of 
the  new  city  of  ^^ull•id  were  to  extend 
4  miles  S,  and  7.  W  from  the  river;  fo  as 
to  crofs  a  bcjudful,  living,  deep  lake,  of 
the  pureft  fpring  water,  ico  yards  wide, 
and  fcveral  miles  in  length,  emptying  it- 
fcif,  by  a  conftant  and  rapid  narrow 
fir  earn,  through  the  centre  of  the  city. 
The  banks  of  this  lake,  called  St.  Annis, 
are  high,  beautiful  and  pleafant ;  the 
water  deep,  clear  and  Tweet,  and  well 
flored  with  filli ;  the  bottom  a  clear  fand, 
free  from  woods,  fnrubs,  or  other  vegeta- 
bles. On  each  fide  of  this  delightful  lake, 
ftreets  were  to  be  laid  out,  100  fett  wide, 
and  a  road  to  he  continued  round  it,  of 
the  fame  breadth  ;  and  the  (Ireets  were 
directed  to  be  preferved  forever,  for  the 
health  and  plcafure  of  the  citizens.  A 
fireet  lao  feet  wide,  on  tlic  bank  of  the 
MilTiuppi,  was  laid  out;  and  tlie  trots 
\'.-ere  directed  to  be  preferved  for  the 
fame;  purpofe.  Twelve  acrCvS,  in  a  central 
psrt  of  the  city,  were  to  be  preferved  in 
like  manner,  to  be  ornamented,  regulated, 
and  improved  by  the  magifazicy  of  the 
city  for  public  walks ;  azid  40  half-acre 
lots  for  other  public  ufes:  and  one  lot 
of  1 2  acres  for  the  king's  ui'e.  We  do  not 
hear  that  this  fchemc  is  profecuting,  and 
conclude  it  is  given  up.  The  country  in 
the  vicinity  of  this  intended  city  is  rcp- 
refented  33  excellent,  and,  in  many  parts, 
beyond  defcription.  The  natural  growth 
confifts  of  m.ulberry,  locufl,  falTafras,  wal- 
nut, hickory,  oak,  afli,  dogwood,  &c.  with 
one  or  more  grape-vines  running  up  al- 
mofl:  every  tree  ;  and  the  grapes  yield, 
from  experiments,  good  red  wine  in  plen- 
ty, ?nd  with  little  labour.     In  fonie  of 

V©t.  I.  Z  I 


the  low  grounds  grow  large  cyprcfs  ttee§. 
The   climate  is  faid  to  be  favourable  to. 
health,  and  to  the  culfire  of  fruits  of  va- 
rious kinds,  particularly  for  garden  vege- 
tables.    The  prairesor  meadows  are  fer- 
tile in  grafs,  flowering  plants,  ftrawber- 
Hes,  and  when  cultivated  produce  good 
I    crops  of  wheat,  barley,  Indian  corn,  flax, 
jl  hemp,  and  tobacco,  .-md  are  eafily  tilled. 
I  {  Iron  and  lead  m.ines  and  f:dt  fprings,  it  is 
i!  afTerted,   are  found  in  fuch  plenty  as  to 
}j  afford  an  abundant  fnpply  of  thefe  nc- 
j  1  cefTary  articles.     The  banks  of  the  MilG- 
' !  fippi,  fv;r  many  leagues  in  extent,  com- 

I  mencing  about  20  miler.  above  the  mouth 
j  of  the  Ohio,  are  a  contiiiucd  chain  of 
Ij  lime-ftone.     A  fine  trad;  of  high,  rich, 

II  level  land,  S  W,  W,  and  N  W  of  New 
jj  Madrid,  about  25  miles  wide,  extends 
1 1  quite  to  the  river  St.  Francis. 

TLtvmunfoiun,  Pennfyivania,  in  Dau- 
phin CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Mill  Creek,  It 
contains  about  40  lioufes,  and  is  14  miles 
E  by  N  of  Karrifoarg,  and  7  2  N  W  by  W 
of  Philadelphia. 

Netvmarht,  a  pod  town  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampihire,  N  of  Exeter,  of  which 
it  was  formerly  a  part,  rnd  13  miles  W 
of  Portfmouth.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1727,  and  contains  1027  inhabitants. 
Foflll  flie'ls  have  been  found  near  I^am- 
prey  river  in  this  town,  at  the  depth  of 
17  feet ;  and  in  fuch  a  fituation  as  that 
the  bed  of  the  river  could  never  have 
been  there.  The  ihells  were  of  oyflcrs, 
mufcles,  and  clams  intermixed. 

Neivsaarht,  a  village  in  Frederick  co, 
Maryland,  on  the  high  road  to  Frederickf- 
tovvn,  from  which  it  lies  nearlv  13  miles 
W  S  W  and  about  36  N  W  of  the  Federal 
City.     Here  is  a  poit  cScc. 

NewmavLei,  a  village  in  Dorchefter  co. 
Maryland,  3  miles  N  E  of  Indian  Town, 
Qi>  Choptank  river,  9  N  E  cf  Cambridge, 
and  as  far  N  W  of  Vienna. 

Meivmarhct,  in  Shenandoah  co.  Virgin- 
ia, containing  100  houfes,  20  miles  S  V^ 
of  Woodltock.  The  inhabitants  of  this 
town  and  Vv'oodflock  are  Germans. 

Netvmatket,  a  pofttown  in  Virginia, Am- 
herfl:  co.  on  the  N  fide  of  James  river,  at 
the  mouth  of  Tye  river.  It  is  a  fmall 
place,  contains  a  tobacco  warelioufe,  and 
is  ICO  miles  above  Richmond,  and  378 
from  Philadelphia. 

N^ivmarhd^  a  pofl  tovvm,  Pvofj  co.'Oliio, 
465  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Netv-Marlborough,  a  tOAVnfilip  ia  Ulficr 
CO.  N.  York.     See  Mntlhorpu^h. 

NetO'Maylkoroi'gh^  Berkfiiire  co.  MafTa- 
chufetts. 


NEW 


N  E  W 


d^iufctts,  23  irjiles   fouthwaid  cf  Lcnot. 

Ncw-Marlbircugb^  a  town  in  King 
Ceorge's  CO.  Virginia,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Patowmac  river,  10  miles  E  of  Falmouth. 

Nciv-Meaduivs  River,  Maine,  a  water 
of  Cafco  Bay,  navigable  for  vclTels  of  a 
confideraule  burden  a  fmall  diftance. 

NciV'Mixico.      See  Mexico. 

Nc-dt'-M:lfoic/,  a  pofl  town  of  Connec- 
ticut, Litchfic;ld  co.  on  the  E  fide  ct  liou- 
fatonick  river,  about  i5  miles  N  of  Dan- 
bury,  20  S  W  of  Litchfield,  and  52  W 
by  S  W  of  Hartford.  The  town  contains 
about  500  hoiifesja  church  for  Epifcopa- 
lians,  I  for  Congregationalifts,  i  for  Pre f- 
bytcrians,  I  forBaptifts.and  i  for  Quakers. 
Alfa  7  forges,  which  raanufadlare  annu- 
ally 3C0  tons  of  iron,  bcfides  hollow  ware. 

New-  MHfard,  a  poft  town  at  the  head 
•f  the  tide  on  Shcepfcut  river,  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  10-  miles  N  W  of  Wifcafler. 

Nenv- Mills ^  Burlington  co.  H.  Jerfey. 
Here  is  a  pofl  oIHce. 

NciunbdiVy  Copt.      See  Ncivcnham. 

NeiV' North-Wales.  See  Wales,  and 
Jfeiv-Brltain. 

Nciv-Orhans,  the  capital  of  Louifiana, 
13  fjtuated  dire^Slly  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
Miffifippi,  105  miles,  according  to  Hutch- 
in."!,  from  the  mouth  of  the  river,  (later 
accounts  fay  95,)  and  18  miles  from 
the  lower  point  of  a  bend  in  the  courfe 
of  the  river  called  "I-e  Detour  des  An- 
glois,"  or  Euglilli  Turn,  where  the  bend 
13  fo  great  that  veflels  cannot  pafs  with 
the  fame  wind  that  condu(5led  them  to  it. 
Lat.  30  a  N,  long.  89  si  W.  "  Nothing 
wich  certainty  can  be  determined  rerpedb-" 
ing  the  time  a  vdlel  may  take  in  lailing 
from  the  Baliae  to  New  Orleans,  a  dif- 
tance of  105  miles.  With  favour,iblc 
winds  the  voyage  has  been  performed  in 
3  or  4,  but  it  generally  takes  7  or  8  days, 
and  fomctimes  i  or  3  weeks.  There  is, 
always  llioal  water  near  the  low  points 
of  land  covered  with  willow?.  In  ap- 
proaching them  a  few  cafts  of  the  lead 
will  bs  ueceffary,  and  in  ieve.'^al  places 
there  are  trees  fixed  with  one  end  in  the 
l)att«m>and  the  other  a  little  below  the 
furfacc  of  the  river,  and  in  the  fame  di- 
re<ftton  with  the  current,  whicJi  by  con- 
tinual fricln»n  of  the  water  arc  i  educed 
ro  a  point,  and  as  there  are  inftaaccs  of 
.-clTels  fai'ing  with  force  againft  them, 
r.eing  ren  through  their  bottoms,  and 
iiakiug  immediately,  too  much  caic  can- 
rrut  be  taken  to  avoid  them.  Attention 
iliculd  alfo  be  paid  to  keep  clear  of  the 
ife<»  iioatiiia  dowii  the  river  during  the 


floods  *  The  water  is  every  where  dicj^" 
enough  (except  at  the  willow  points)  tor 
admit  vcffels  cloic  to  either  fiiore,  where 


inftead  of  ietti 


ng  go   an  anc! 


which 


would  probably  be  loft  among  the  log* 
funk  in  the  bottom  of  the  river,  vefiels 
may  fafc.'y  make  fafl:  to  trees  on  the 
bank,  which  are  generally  tall,  and  iu 
fuch  abundance  in  fome  parts,  that  they 
prevent  the  winds  frcm  being  of  that  fer- 
vice  to  vcl'^els  in  afccnding  the  Miffiilppi, 
that  might  be  expecfted.  It  will  therefore 
be  neceflary  for  the  fake  of  expedition, 
to  rigg  as  many  topfaiis  as  poflabie,  which' 
commonly  reach  above  the  trees,  and  are 
of  more  ufe  than  all  the  other  fails  togeth- 
er. However,  care  n\uft  be  taken  to  fland 
by  the  halyards,  to  prevent  the  wind, 
which  frequently  comes  in  very  ftrong 
puff*,  from  cairying  aw^ay  the  topraafts, 
fails,  &c."  Mutchins. 

Tiie  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  the 
flreets  running  at  right  angles,  very  nar- 
row, and  but  few  of  them  paved.  There 
were,,  in  1788,  i,iOO  houfes  in  this  town, 
generally  built  with  timber  frames,  railed 
about  8  feet  from  the  ground,  with  large 
galleries  round  thera,  and  the  cellars  un- 
der the  floors  level  with  the  ground; 
any  fubtcrraneous  Ivuildings  would  be 
conftantly  full  of  water,  Moft  of  the 
houfeg  have  gardens.  In  March,  1788, 
this  town,  by  a  fire,  was  reduced  in  5 
hours  to  aoo  houfes.  It  has  fincc  been 
rebuilt.  The  houfes  built  fince  the 
lafl:  fire  are  principally  of  brick,  with  fla- 
ted  roofs.  In  confequence  of  the  foftnefi 
of  the  bricks,  the  houfes  built  of  them 
arc  phlftered  on  the  outfide  with  a  tliick 
coat  of  mortar,  and  then  painted  or  white- 
wafbed.  Tiiefe  houfes  are  generally  of  i 
ftories,  (2  only  very  handfonte  are  of  3 
ftorics)  and  without  common  cellars.- 
All  the  old  houfes  of  wood,  are  of  i.  (lo- 
ry, raifed  from  the  ground  to  make  arti- 
'  ficial 

*  "/<  is  Imptjfihle  to  anchor  tvithout  being; 
expvfcd  to  danger  from  the  great  trees,  ivhiclt 
frequently  come  doivn  ivith  the  cut  rent,  but 
more  efpecially  at  the  time  of  the  foods,  ivhicb^- 
if  any  of  them  fjould  come  athivart  haxvfe, 
iv'juld  m of  probably  dri-oe  in  the  boivs  of  the 
irefel ;  and  there  is  a  certainty  of  lofiiig  the 
anchors,  as  the  bottom  of  the  river  is  leryfoft 
mud,  covered  ivith  funken  logs.  This  points^ 
out  the  impnfftb'dlty  for  liffels  to  navigate  up- 
on the  M'fifppi,  unlifs  they  are  per»iitted  t» 
make  f of  to  the  fhore  ;  and  no  'vcjfel  can  he  f aid' 
to  e:rjoy  the  free  navigation  of  the  ri'oer,  if  de- 
prived of  this  necejfary  privilege,  *    Hutchins. 


NEW 


NEW 


j5cial  cellars.     A  few  of  the  houfes  have 
piazzas.     The    public    buildin<^s     are    a 
handfome    Catholic   church,  a  Govern- 
ment houfe  for    the  accommodation    of 
the  governor  and  his  fuite,  a  calabozo  or 
prifon,  which  alio  fervcs  as  a  court  houfe, 
a  conveiit,  barracks  for  the  foidiers,  king's 
hofpital,  and  one  built  for  the  reception 
of  lunatics,  and  a  very  fma!',  inconvenient 
market  houfe.     Real  eftate  is  extremely 
valuable,  and  rents  are  fomething  higher 
ihaxi  in  any   part   of  the  United  States. 
The  fide  next  the  river  is  open, and  is  fe- 
cured  from  the  inundations  of  the  river, 
by  a  raifed  bank,  generally  called  the  le- 
vee, which  extends  from  the  Engiilirrurn, 
to  the  upper  fcttlements  of  the  Germans, 
a  diftance  of  more  than  50  miles.     N  E 
of  the  town  are  large  marllies,  occalioned 
principally  by  a  gr?dual  defeent,  which 
is  found  from  the  bank  of  the  river  to 
tlie  back  part  of  the  town.     This  circum- 
ftance  tends  to  render  the  town  unAvhole- 
fome  in  fummer  and  autumn,  cfpccially 
to  ftrangero,  but  the  inhabitants  are  nev- 
er afflidtcd  by  the  epidemic  difeafes  which 
prevail  among  foreigners,  and  live  to  as 
great  ages  as  the  inhabitants  of  the  north- 
ern parts  of  the  United  States.     Intempe- 
rance is    the    forerunner   and    principal 
caufe  of  the  deaths  of  many  of  the  weft- 
em  people,  who  carry  down  the  produce, 
and  indeed  a  lingle  debauch  is  often  found 
to  throw  the  moft  robuft  conftitution  into 
a  fever  which   frequently  ends   fatally; 
more  efpecially  with  perfons  of  plethoric 
habits.     There  is  a  communication  from 
lake  Ponchartrain  to  the  town,bv  means 
of  the  bnvouk  or  creek,  St.  John,  which 
runs  from  the  lake  a  courfe  of  6  miles, 
till  it  goes  within  %   miles  of  the   towr. 
A  bar  at'the  entrance  of  this  creeh  pre- 
vents vciTels  ot  more  thaii  3   to  4   feet 
draught  of  water  from  entering,  bnt  num- 
bers of  fmall  craft  from  Mobile,    Penfa- 
cola,  and  the  adjacent  country,  bring  their 
tar,  lime,  &.c.  to  market  by  means  of  this 
communication.    From  the  Eayouk  to  the 
town  is  a  canal  of  about  a  miles  in  length, 
navigable  for  fmall    boats   only,    which 
was  dug  about  the  year  17  9 Z,  by  order 
of  the   Baron   de  Carondclet,    who  was 
then   Governor,  and  called  by   his  name. 
At  the  mouth  of  the  13ayouk,  where  it  en- 
ters into  the  lake,  is  a  fmall  fort  of  6  guns. 
A  number  of  ftreams  which  empty  into 
the  lake  from  the  N  Is  fide,  water  a   rich 
and  fertile  part  of  W.  Florida,  as  yet  but 
thinly   inhabited,   capable   of  producing 
*:ot£un,  corn,  indi^o^  &c.     In  this  part  the 


land  is  higher  than  on  the  banks  ef  th^ 
Miffifippij  and  does  not  require  the  affift- 
ance  of  dyk;c8.  In  the  year  1802,  the 
principal  agg'-egate  exports  of  American 
JSpanilh  produce  have  been  eftimated  at, 

30,000  bales  cotton,  value  0.2,000,000 
8,000  hhds.  fugar,      do.  480,00© 

90,000  bbls,  flour,       do.  400,000 

Total,  D.  2,880,009 

There   were  alfo  exported  this  year   of 
former    crops,  abput  3OO,00olb.   indigo, 
value  D.300,000.    Coniiderable  quantities 
of  deer  fkins,  and  fome  furs,  are  alfo  ex- 
ported ;  alfo  tobacco,  fait  beef  and  pork, 
hams,  lard,  &c.  from  the  Illinois  and  Ohio 
rivers.     Of  the  cotton  which  is  exported, 
about   one    half   may    be    calculated   as 
American  produce,  and  the  flour  entirely 
fo,  as  well  as  the  tobacco,  fait  provifions, 
&c.     The   fugar  cane  is  entirely  SpanilK 
produce,  none  being  raifed  in  the  Ameri- 
can fcttlements,  and  it  is  faid  to  come  to 
maturity  in  one  half  the  time  that  it  does 
in  any  part  of  the  W.  Indies.     There  is 
a  road,  which  is  very  good  for  travelling 
on  horfeback,  and  paflable  for  light  car- 
riages from  the  Englifli  Turn,  as  far  as 
Natchcs,  by  the  banks  of  the  river.     A 
bar  at  the  principal  entrance  of  the  Mif- 
fifippi,  renders  it  extremely  hazardous  for 
vcOcls  of  more  than  13  feet  draught  of 
water  to  attempt  the  pais.    On  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  on  the  LouiGana  flde,  is  h 
blockhouie,  formerly  garrifoned  and  call- 
ed Fort  Balife,  now  merely  a  rcfidcnce 
for  the  pilots,  who  are  regulated  by  an 
officer    authorifcd   by    the  government. 
The  pilots  are  of  the  loweH;  order  of  peo- 
ple, and  20  dollars  is  paid  for  the  pilot- 
age of  every  veflel,  large  or  fmall,  through 
the  pafs,  of  about  one  mile  and  a  half. 
The  face  of  the  country  is  entirely  uncul- 
tivated and  marfliy,  as  far -as  Fort  Placa- 
mina,  ■},o  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er.    This  fort  is  garrifoned,  and  mount* 
a  few  gufis.     It  is  cuftomary  for  the  com- 
mander of  this  fort  to  examine  the  papers 
of  all  vefTels  that  pafs,  and  to  take  cogni- 
zance of  any  which  are  found  tranfgrcf- 
fing  the  laws  of  the  country.     A  cuftom- 
houfe  officer  is  alfo  always  rclident  at  the 
moutii  of  the  river,  for   the  purpofe  of 
examining  vciTels.      After    paffing    Fort 
Placamina,  the  country  aflumes  a  more 
improved  appearance, and  within  30  or  4'«> 
miles  of  the  town,  the  banks  of  the  river 
are     thickly    fettled,    and    many    very 
large    and    expenllve    fugnr    works   are 
fceu  in  paffing  up    the  river.      Cottoa 


N  E  W 


N  E  W 


fis  cultivated  above  the  town.  Ore  it 
quantities  of  live  oak  and  cypr.f^i  trc;s 
are  to  be  found  in  every  pvrt  of  the  coun- 
try. The  veficls  Avhith  Idi)  up  the  Miffi- 
lippi  haul  clofe  along  liJc  tlic  bank  next 
to  New  Orleans,  to  v.^hich  they  make  fall, 
and  take  in  or  difcaarge  their  cargoes 
with  the  fame  eafe  as  at  a  wharf.  The 
foil  on  the  banks  ol'  the  MiiTiiippi,  is 
probably  a3  rich  and  productive  as  any 
in  the  known  world.  The  cotton  plant, 
and  fugar  cane,  grow. almofi  without  la- 
bour. It  has  i)cfcn  the  calculation  of  the 
cotton  planters,  for  Ibmc  years  pafi,  that 
each  hand  they  could  cinploy,  fliould 
produce  them  from  300  to  400  dollars 
annually.  Some  j'lantations  have  gone 
far  beyond  this,  and  one  inftance  was 
known,  that  two  men,  by  their  own  la- 
bour, in  one  year  produced  cotton  that 
fold  for  2  coo  dolhirs.  The  importation 
of  Haves  has  been  for  feme  years  pafl  for- 
bidden, by  the  Spanifli  government,  under 
very  hf  avy  penalties  ;  and  ahhough  fome 
have  been  introduced,  ftil!  the  prohibition 
has  tended  to  eniiance  the  price  of  them 
extremely  ;  (fay  iVom  700  to  1,200  dollars 
each.)  Tlie  water  of  the  river  i-;  the  on- 
ly water  that  is  or  can  be  ui'ed  ;  it  is  v^ry 
agreeable  and  vvholefome,  although  when 
taken  from  the  river,  efpccially  in  the 
time  of  high  tides,  it  has  a  vcjy  muddy 
and  dirty  appearance.  It  is  efteemed  the 
befi:  in  the  world  for  keeping  at  fea,  and 
becomes  clear  and  limpid  after  fettling  a 
few  hours,  although  filtering  floncs  are 
generally  ufed  by  thnfj;  who  can  afford 
them.  The  river  begins  to  rif^  about  the 
ift  of  March,  and  to  fall  about  the  id 
of  June.  The  perpendicular  rife  at 
Natches  is  faid  to  be  60  feet.  The  mar- 
ket is  fuppiicd  Vv'ith  vy'ild  fowl  and  poul- 
try of  every  kind  ;  at  the  proper  feafons 
feveral  kinds  of  fine  fiCi,  oyilers,  which 
are  pafTable,  and  beef,  veal,  pork,  and 
mutton  in  abun-dance,as  well  as  vegetables 
of  every  dcfcrip'ion.  'J'he  cattle  are  very 
tine  and  Ia:ne,  though  net  fat,  v.'liicli  nuiH: 
be  more  owir.g  to  the  want  of  attention 
than  any  other  caiif,-.  The  price  of  beef 
fold  in  tlic  market  is  limited  by  the  po- 
lice at  one  fixteenth  of  a  dollar  per  pound, 
and  other  animal  food  in  proportion- 
Moft  of  the  tropical  irults  grow  heic  1.1 
great  abundance.  The  t^p  inifli  govcr!i- 
ment  at  New  OrlcanSj  till  its  late  cefhon 
to  the  [J.  States,  included  Louifiana  and  I 
Fic^rida.  The  governor  (if  the  province  it 
refided  at  St.  Auguftinc  in  Eafi  Florida,  j 
The  government  at  Mew  Orleans  was  of  ij 


the  fame  kind  as  in  all  the  other  Spanifk 
colonies,  the  governor  being  commander- 
in  chief  of  tlve  military  force,  and  ab- 
folutc  jud^e  in  civil  affairs  in  general, 
with  a  faiary  va  lieu  of  all  pcrqiiifues,  of 
4.CC0  dollars  per  annum.  The  intcndant, 
had  the  independent  regulation  of  all 
matters  toucldng  the  commerce  or  the 
colony.  The  inhabitants  are  principally 
of  French  extraction,  and  fpeak  that  lan- 
guage#^  Ihe  officers  of  government  and 
the  troops  were  entirely  Spaniils ;  thofe, 
with  a  coniiderabic  number  of  Engiiia 
and  Americans,  confiitute  the  population 
of  Louifiana,  and  Weft  Florida.  The  in- 
habitants of  the  port  of  J^ev/  Orleans,  arc 
eftimated  to  amount  (iSoz)  to  lo  or 
1 1, coo.  Tt^e  number  cannot  be  exa6l!y 
afcertaincdj  as  no  ccnfa^  has  been  taken. 

Jpay/ie. 

There  is  rcafon  to  believe  that  in  a 
fliort  time,  New  Orleans;  will  become  a 
great  and  opulent  city,  if  wc  confider  the 
advantages  of  its  fituation,  but  a  few 
leagues  from  the  id,  on  a  noble  river,  in 
a  mofl  fertile  country,  under  a  moft  de- 
lightful and  wholefoms  clisnate,  within  a 
weeks  fail  of  Mexico,  and  fnll  nearer  the 
French,  Spaniili,  and  Britifli  Well  India 
ifiauda,  v/itli  a  moral  certainty  of  its  be- 
coming a  general  receptacle  for  the  pro- 
duce of  that  exteuilve  and  valuable  coun- 
try on  the  MifTifippi,  Ohio,  and  its  other 
branches ;  all  which  are  much  more  than 
fufficieut  to  enfure  the  future  wealth, 
power,  and  proiperity  of  this  city,  efpec- 
irJly  as  it  is  ncv/  Ir  the  pofTefiiou  of  the 
United  States. 

NtTJ  Pdliz,  a  townTnip  in  Ulfter  co. 
N.  York,  bounded  E  by  Hudfon  river, 
S  by  Marlborough  and  .Shav.angunk.  It 
contains  j,2SS  inhabitants,  including  308 
flavcs.  The  compa<Sl  part  of  it  is  on  the  E  * 
fide  of  Wall-Kill,  and  ccmtains  about  250 
houfcs  and  a  Dutch  church,  10  miles  from 
Shawangunk,  14  S  of  Kingflon,  20  S  V/" 
of  Rhincbcck,  and  80  N  of  New  York. 

Ndivjjoit.A  townlhip  of  Nova  Sc^.tia,  in 
Hants  CO,  on  the  river  Avon.  1  he  road 
frovn  Halifax  runs.part  of  the  way  bc- 
tv/ecu  tiiis  townlhip  and  "NVindlbr  ;  and 
has  ftttlcments  on  it  at  certain  di fiances, 

Neirfort,  a  towniliip  in  Cheflnre  co.  N. 
Hanipihirc,  E  of  Claremont,  incorporated 
',  and  ccntains  1266  inhabitants. 
/  /,a  m^iritime  co.of  Rhode  Illand, 
i-Oij.'.(.. lending  Rhode  illand,  Canonicut, 
Bloclc,  Prudence,  and  fcvcral  otlier  fmall 
iflands.  It  is  divided  into  7  townihips, 
and  contaiiis  H-M5  i"iiabitani!i. 


NEW 


NEW 


Newport,  the  chief  town  of  this  co.  and 
the  femi-metropolis  of  the  State  of  Rhode 
Ifland,  ftands  on  the  S  W  end  of  Rhode 
Ifland,  5  miles  from  the  fea.  Its  harbour, 
(which  is  one  of  the  finefl:  in  the  world) 
fpreads  wedward  before  the  town.  The 
entrance  is  eafy  and  fafe,  and  a  large  fleet 
may  anchor  in  it  and  ride  in  perfed;  fa- 
curity.  It  is  probable  this  may,  in  fome 
future  period,  become  one  of  tie  man-of- 
war  ports  of  the  American  empire.  The 
town  lies  N  and  S  upon  a  gradual  afcent 
as  you  proceed  eaflward  from  the  water, 
3nd  exhibits  a  beautiful  view  from  the 
harbour,  and  from  the  neighbouring  hills 
which  lie  weftward  upon  the  main.  W 
of  the  town  is  Goat  Ifland,  on  which  is 
Fort  Waflxington.  It  has  been  lately  re- 
paired and  a  citadel  eretSeJ  on  it.  The 
fort  has  been  ceded  to  the  U.  States.  Be- 
tween Goat  Ifland  and  R.  Iiland  is  the 
harbour.  Newport  contains  about  1,000 
b'jufes,  built  chiefly  of  wood,  and  6,739 
inhabitants.  It  has  10  houfes  for  public 
worfliip,  4  for  Baptifts,  '2,  for  Congrega- 
tionalifts,  i  for  Epifcopalians,  i  for  Qua- 
kers, I  for  Moravians,  and  x  for  Jev.s. 
The  other  public  buildings  arc  a  ftate- 
houfc,  and  an  edilice  for  the  public  libra- 
ry. The  fituation,  form  and  architeift- 
ure  of  the  fl:ate-houfe,  give  it  a  pleaiiug 
appearance.  It  fiands  fu^licicntly  eleva- 
ted, and  a  long  wharf  and  paved  parade 
lead  up  to  it  from  the  harbour.  Front 
or  Water  ftreet  is  a  mile  in  length.  Here 
is  an  academy,  under  the  direcSlion  of  a 
rector  and  tutors,  who  teach  the  learned 
languages,  Englilli  granimar,  geography, 
&c.  A  marine  fociety  was  cftabliilied 
here  in  1753,  for  the  relief  of  diflrefled 
widows  and  orphans,  and  fuch  o»'  their 
fociety  as  may  need  relief.  This  city, 
far  famed  for  the  beauty  of  its  htuation, 
;'.nd  the  falubrity  of  its  climate,  is  no  Jefs 
remarkable  for  the  gre-it  variety  and  ex- 
cellent equality  of  frefli  iifli  which  the  mar- 
ket furniflies  at  all  feafons  of  the  year. 
No  Itfs  than  60  difl'erenl  kinds  have  been 
produced  in  this  market.  The  cscellent 
accommodations  and  regulations  of  ti)e 
numerous  packets,  which  belong  to  this 
port,  and  which  ply  thence  to  Providence 
and  N.  York,  are  worthy  of  notice.  They 
are  faid,  by  European  travellers,  to  be 
fuperior  to  any  thing  of  the  kind  in  Eu- 
rope. This  town,  although  greatly  in- 
jured by  the  late  war,  has  a  confiderable 
trade.  A  cotton  and  duck  manufactory 
liave  been  lately  eftabhflied.  The  exports 
.-or  a  year,  ending  Sept.  30, 1794,  amount- 


\  cd  to  311,200  dollars.  It  was  firfl  fettJcd 
by  Mr.  William  Coddington,  afterward* 
governor,  and  the  father  of  Rhode  Uland, 
with  17  others,  in  1630.  It  is  30  miles  S 
by  E  of  Providence,  14  S  E  of  Eriftol,  75 
S  W  by  S  of  Bofion,  113  E  N  E  of  New 
Haven,  and  292  N  E  by  E  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  41  29,  W  long,  from  Greenwich,  7 1 

17. 

Newport,  a  tovvnflnp  in  L.  Canada,  20 
miles  E  of  Afcot,  having  about  30  in- 
habitants. 

Newport,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  in  Newcaf- 
tle  CO.  Delaware;  on  the  N  fide  of  Chrif- 
tiana  Creek,  3  uiilcs  W  of  Wilmington. 
It  contains  about  200  inhabitants,  and 
carries  on  a  confiderable  trade  with  Phil- 
adelphia, in  flour.  It  is  6  miles  N  E  by 
N  of  Chriftiana  Bridge,  and  31  S  W  of 
Philadelphia. 

Ntiiiport,  a  townfliip  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  the  E 
branch  of  the  Sufquehannah,beiow  Wilkf- 
borough. 

Newport^  a  fraall  pofl  town  in  Charles 
CO.  Maryland,  1 T  miles  S  E  of  Port  To- 
bacco, 94  S  bv  W  of  Baltimore,  and  195 
S  W  of  Piiiladelphia. 

Newport.  See  Ifie  of  Wiglt  County  J  Vir- 
ginia. 

Neil  forty  a  very  thriving  fettlement  in 
Liberty  co.  Georgia,  fituated  on  a  navi- 
gable creek,  34  milts  S  of  Savannah,  and 
7  or  8  S  of  W  from  Sunbury.  This  place, 
conm.only  known  by  the  name  of  Neiv- 
port  Bridge,  is  the  rival  of  Sunbury,  and 
commands  the  principal  part  of  the  trade 
of  the  whole  county.  A  pofl  cflice  is 
kept  here. 

Ncivport,  Cocke  CO.  Tenneflee.  Here 
is  a  pou  ofiice,  529  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Ndiv  River.      See  Kanhanaiva. 

Neiv  Mi-ver,  in  U.  Canada,  afterwards 
called  thel^a  Tranche,  now  the  Thames, 
by  proclamation  of  July,  1792.     Smith. 

Nil)  Rodille,  a  poft  town  in  W.  Chef- 
ter  CO.  N.  York,  on  Long  Ifland  Sound. 
It  contained  692  inhabitants,  of  whom  89 
were  flavet,  in  1790.  In  1796,  there  were 
100  of  the  inhabitants  qualified  eledlors. 
It  is  6  miles  S  W  of  Rye,  and  20  N  E  of 
New  York  city. 

N"tv  Salem,  or  Pequottinl,  a  Moravian 
fet clement,  formed  in  1786,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Huron  river,  which  runs  N  into  Lake 
Erie. 

Nciv  Salem,  a  pofl  town  in  Hampn\irc 
CO.  Maflachufetts,  bounded  E  by  the  W 
line  of  Worcefter  co.  incorporated  1753^ 

and 


NEW 


NEW 


sftd  contains  1949  inhabitants.  It  is  80 
niiles  W  by  N  of  Bofton. 

NeiU'Savannab,  3.  village  in  Burkc  CO. 
Georgia,  on  the  S  W  bank  of  the  Savan- 
nah, iz  miles  S  E  of  Augufta.  It  has  a 
ivare-houfe,  and  a  few  dwelling-houfes. 

New-Sbaron,  a  port  town,  Kennebec  co. 
Maine,  30  miles  N  W  of  Augufta. 

Nezv-Sborcham.      Sec  Block-JJlauJ. 

Neiv- Smyrna  Entrance,  or  IVloJhito  Inlet, 
en  the  coafi  of  Florida,  is  about  li  leagues 
N  N  W,  J-  W  from  cape  Canaverc!. 

Neiv-Souib-WaUs.  Scc  Walts,  and  Nnv 
Br'iiain. 

Netu- Spain.     See  Mexico. 

Neiv-::itocLbridge.       See  StuchhriJ^t-t^eiv. 

NtivS-iiedeland,  was  the  name  of  the 
territory  between  Virginia  and  N.  York, 
when  in  poficflion  of  the  Swedes,  and 
was  afterwards  pofTefTedjOr  rather  claim- 
ed by  the  Dutch.     The  chief  tOAvn  was 

called  Gottenburgh. 

Nciv-Thames  Rivsi:      See  Thamns. 

Neivton,  a  pleafant  townfliip  in  Middlc- 
fex  CO.  MafTachufetts,  on  Charles  river,  9 
miles  W  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1691,  and  contains  1491  inhabitants. 

Newton^  a  fmail  town  in  Ghefter  coun- 
ty, Pennfylvania,  as  miles  S  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Neivton,  A  townfliip  in  Rockingham  co. 
N.  Hampfliire,  on  Powow  river,  adjoiuing 
Amefbury,  in  MafTachufetts,  10  or  la 
miles  foutherly  of  Exeter.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1749,  and  contains  450  inhab- 
itants. 

Neivtoivn^  a  pofl  town  in  Fairfield  co. 
Connedlicut,  9  miles  E  N  E  of  Danhury, 
26  W  N  W  of  N.  Haven,  6t  S  W  of  Hart- 
ford, 80  N  E  of  New  York.  The  tov/n 
flands  pleafantly  on  an  elevated  fpot,  and 
was  fettled  in  1708. 

Neivto-rvn,  on  Staten  Ifland,  N.  York,  is 
3  miles  N  E  of  Old  Town,  as  far  E  of 
Richmond,  and  9  fouthweftcrly  of  New 
York. 

Ni-ivto'-iva,  a  townf1\ip  in  Queen's  co,  N. 
York,  includes  all  the  iilandsin  the  found 
oppofitc  the  fame,     It  is  about  H  miles  E  ,, 
of  New  York,  and  contains  '1^2)^'^  inlub- 
itants.  including  jx*  Haves. 

Nrivtoii'n,  a  townfliip  in  Wefl:  Chcfler 
en.  New  York  ;  of  whole  inhabitants  276 
are  elec^ort. 

Neivtoiva,  a  poft  town  in  Tioga  co.  N. 
;'ork,  lies  between  the  S  end  of  Stneca 
jL^kc  and  Tioga  river ;  having  Chemung 
townfliip  E,  from  which  it  w^is  taken,  and 
incorporated  in  179 z.  It  has  1333  in- 
Jiabitauts. 


Ketatotvn,  a  townfliip  In  Glouceftcr  «•. 
New  Jerfey. 

Neivto-ivn,  a  pofl  town  and  the  feat  of 
juftice  in  Suffex  co.  N.  Jerfey,  is  about  IQ 
miles  S  E  of  Sandyfton.  It  contains  a 
large  Prelbyterian  church,  a  (lone  court- 
boufc  3nd  jail.  In  the  town  is  a  furnace 
and  4  forges  for  the  manufacSture  of  iron, 
a  remarkable  cave,called  the  Devil's  Hole, 
and  feveral  ponds  covering  from  5  to  ico 
acres,  It  is  108  miles  N  by  E  of  Phila-« 
dclphia. 

Nttvtonvn,  a  pofl  town  and  the  capital 
of  Bucks  CO.  Pennfylvania.  It  contains  a 
Prefbyterian  churcn,  a  ftone  gaol,  a  court 
houfc,  an  academy,  and  about  40  houfcs. 
It  was  fettled  in  1725,  and  is  to  miles  W 
of  Trenton,  in  N.  Jeriey,  and  24  N  E  by 
N  of  Philadelphia.  There  are  two  other 
townfhlps  of  this  name,  the  one  in  Dela- 
ware county,  the  other  in  that  of  Cum- 
berland, having  1427  inhabitants. 

X^ervtoivn^  a  fmall  town  of  Virginia,  fit- 
uatcd  in  Frederick  co.  between  the  N  and 
S  branches  of  Shenandoah  river  ;  7  miles 
S  of  Winchefter,  and  173  N  N  W  of  Rich- 
mond. 

Netv  Utrechty  a  fmall  maritime  town  of 
N.  York,  in  King's  co.  Long  Ifland,  oppo- 
fite  the  Narrows,  and  7  miles  S  of  New 
York  city,  containing  778  inhal)Itants. 

Nftv  Fineyard,  a  town  in  Kennebeck 
CO.  Maine,  W  of  Kennebeck  river,  be- 
tween Anfon  and  Strong,  40  miles  N  W 
of  Augufta. 

Netv  JVindfor,  a  townfliip  of  Orange  co. 
N.  York,  pleafantly  fituated  on  the  weft 
bank  of  Pludfon  river,  juft  above  the  high 
lands,  3  miles  S  of  Ncwburgh,  and  6  N 
of  Weft  Point.  It  contain.-^  2001  inhab- 
itants. A  valuable  fet  of  works  in  this 
town  for  manufa (during  fcythes  were  de- 
ftroycd  by  fire.  In  1795,  the  legiilaturc 
granted  the  unfortunate  proprietor,  Mr. 
Boyd,  ;^i'500  to  enable  him  to  re-eftablifli 
the'm.  The  compadl  part  of  the  town 
contains  about  40  houfes  and  a  Prelbyte- 
rian church,  64  miles  N  of  N.  York.  The 
fummer  rcfidence  of  Gov.  Clinton  was 
formerly  at  a  rural  feat,  on  the  margin  of 
the  river,  at  this  place. 

Nciv  Tears  Harbour,  on  the  N  coaft  of 
Staten  Laud  Ifland,  at  the  S  extremity  of 
b.  America,  affords  wood  and  good  water  ; 
was  difcovered  Jan.  i,  1775  ;  hence  its; 
name.     S  lat.  54  49,  W  long.  64  11. 

Nstv  Yiars  Ifiands^  near  the  above  har- 
bour, within  which  is  anchorage  at  N 
half  W  from  the  harbour,  at  the  diftanc^ 
of  a  leajues  from  it. 


N  B  W 


NEW 


JvW'  Tori,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  is  filuate d  between  lat.  40  40 
and  45  N,  and  between  long.  73  10  and 
3o  W ;  is  about  350  miles  in  length,  and 
300  in  breadth;  bounded  foutheaflerly 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  ;  E  by  ConnecSli- 
cut,  Maflachufctts,  and  Vermont ;  N  by 
tr.  Canada;  S  W  and  W  by  Pennfyiva- 
nia,  N.  Jerfey  and  L.  Eric.  It  is  fubdi- 
vided  into  31  counties  as  follows,  viz.  N. 
York,  Richmond,  Suffolk,  Wea  Cheftcr, 
Queen's,  King's,  Orange,  Ulflcr,Dutchef8, 
Columbia,  Rcnilelaer,  Wafliington,  Clin- 
ton, Saratoga,  Albany,  Montgomery,  Her- 
kemer,  Onondago,  Otfcgo,  Ontario,  Tioga, 
5tubcn,  Ontida,  Chenango,  Efl'cr,  Rock- 
land, Delaware,  Green,  Cayuga,  Schoha- 
rie, and  Gcnneffee.  Ele<5k)rs  in  this  Slate 
are  divided  into  the  following  claffcs  : 

Freeholders  to  the  value  of  ;f  100  -  -  36,338 
Do.  to  the  value  of.^zo,  and  under ;ficx)  4,038 
Do.  who  rent  teivemeats  of  40/.  per  ann.12,598 
©ther  fretholdcrs         -        -        .         .       243 


Total  In  1795,        <54,oi7 

The  number  of  inhabitants  is  586,050, 
♦f  whom  ao,6i3  are  flaves.  The  chief 
rivers  are  Hudfon,  Mohawk  aad  their 
branches.  The  rivers  Delaware  and  Suf- 
quehannah,  rife  in  this  9tate.  I'he  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  Otfego,  Oneida,  George, 
Seneca,  Cayuga,  Salt,  and  Chautaughque. 
The  principal  bay  is  that  of  York,  which 
fpreads  to  the  fouthvvard  before  the  city 
of  N.  York.  The  legiflature  of  N.  York, 
ftlmulated  by  the  cnterprizing  and  a(5live 
Pennfylvanians,  who  are  competitors  for 
the  trade  of  the  wcdern  country,  have 
lately  granted  very  liberal  funis,  towards 
improving  thofe  roads  that  traverfe  the 
moft  fettled  parts  of  the  country,  and  op- 
ening fuch  as  lead  into  the  weftern  and 
northern  parts  of  the  State,  uniting  as  far 
as  poffihleth-e  eflablifliments  on  Kudfon's 
tiver,  and  the  moft  populous  parts  of  the 
interior  country  by  the  neareft  pradlica- 
ble  diitances.  By  late  eftablifliments  of 
pod  roads  a  fafe  and  direct  conveyance  is 
«pened  between  the  moft  interior  v/eftern 
parts  of  this  State,  and  the  feveral  States 
in  the  Union  :  and  when  the  obftructions 
between  Hudfon's  river  and  Lake  Onta- 
rio are  removed,  there  will  not  be  a  great 
deal  to  do  to  continue  the  water  commu- 
nication by  the  lakes  and  through  Illinois 
river  to  the  MiiTifippi.  N.  York,  to  fpeak 
generally,  is  interfe^^ed  by  ridges  of 
mountains  eitending  in  a  N  E  and  S  W 
diredlion.  Beyond  tlic  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains, however,  the  country  is  level,  of  a 
fine  rl«h  l&il,  covered  i&  \x%  AAtMral  Aats 


with  maple,  beech,  birch,  cherry,  locull, 
hickory,  and  fomc  mulberry  trees.  On 
the  banks  of  Lake  Erie  arc  a  few  chefnuf 
and  oak  ridges.  Hemlock  fwamps  are 
intcrfpcrfed  thinly  through  the  country. 
All  the  creeks  that  empty  into  Lake  Erie 
have  falU,  which  afford  many  excellent 
mill-feats.  The  lands  between  the  Sene- 
ca and  Ca^'^uga  Lakes,  are  reprefented  a« 
uncommonly  excellent,  being  moft  agree- 
ably diverfificd  with  gentle  rifmgs,  and 
timbered  with  lofty  trees,  with  little  un- 
derwood. The  legiflature  have  granted 
a  million  and  a  half  acres  of  land,  as  a 
gratuity  to  the  officers  and  foldiers  of  the 
line  of  this  State.  This  tra6t  forms  the 
military  townfliips  of  the  eo.  of  Ononda- 
go. See  jMUltary  Toivnjbips,  and  Ononda- 
go. E  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
which  commence  with  the  Kaat's  Kill,  on 
the  W  fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  the  country 
is  broken  into  hills  with  rich  intervening 
vallies.  The  hills  are  clothed  thick  with 
timber,  and  when  cleared,  afford  fine  paf- 
ture;  the  vallies,  when  cultivated,  pro- 
duce wheat,  hemp,  flax,  peas,  grafs,  oats, 
Indian  corn,  &c.  Of  the  commodities 
produced  from  culture,  wheat  is  the  prin- 
cipal. Indian  corn  and  peas  arc  likewifc 
raifed  for  exportation  ;  and  rye,  oats, 
barley,  &c.  for  home  confumption.  The 
beft  lands  in  the  State,  along  Mohawk 
river  and  Nof  it  and  W  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  but  a  few  years  ago  was  moft- 
ly  in  a  flate  of  nature,  but  has  been  of 
late  rapidly  fettling.  In  the  northern  and 
unfettled  parts  of  the  State  are  plenty  of 
moofe,  deer,  bears,  feme  beavers,  martins, 
and  moft  other  inhabitants  of  the  foreft, 
except  wolves.  The  Ballftown, Saratoga, 
and  New  Lebanon  medicinal  fprings  arc 
much  celebrated  :  thefe  are  noticed  un- 
der their  refpe(3:ivc  Iieads.  The  fait  made 
from  the  Salt  Springs  here  is  equal  in  good- 
nefs  to  that  imported  from  Turk's  liland. 
The  weight  of  a  bufb.el  of  the  fait  is  i^^^ 
lb.  [See  Zal'tna.^  A  fpring  is  reported  t9 
have  been  difcovered  in  the  Sufquehan- 
nah  country,  impregnated  with  nitre, from 
which  faltpetre  is  made  in  the  fam.e  man- 
ner that  com.mon  fait  is  made  from 
the  Onondago  fprings.  Large  quantities 
of  iron  ore  are  found  here.  A  filver 
mine  has  been  worked  at  Philiipfburg, 
which  produced  virgin  filver.  Lead  is 
found  in  Herkemer  co.  and  fulphur  in 
Montgomery.  Spar,  zinc  or  fpelter,  a 
femi-metal,  magnez,  ufed  in  glazings,  py- 
rites of  a  golden  hue,  various  kinds  of  cop- 
per ©re,  aad  lead  aad  coal  mines,  are 

f»ui^ 


N  E  W 


NEW 


found  hi  t|ils  State,  alfo  petrified  wood, 
plaifter  of  Paris,  illng-glafs  in  flicets,  talcs, 
and  cryftals  of  various  kinds  and  jolours, 
flint,  an>eftos,  and    leveral  other   foffils. 
A  fraall  black  flone  has  nlfo  been  found, 
which  vitrifies  with  a  fmall  heat,  and  it 
is  faid  makes  excellent  glafs.     The  chief 
manufacflures  are  iron,  glafsj  paper,  pot 
and  pearl  aflies,  earthen  ware,  maple  fu- 
gar  and  mclaiTes  :  and  the  citizens  in  gen- 
eral   manuf?.d:ure    their    own    clothing. 
This  Stiite,  having  a  fliort  and  eafy  accels 
to  the  occan^   commands   the  trade  of  a 
great  proportion  of  the  bed.  fettled  and 
beft  cultivated  parts  of  the  United  States. 
Their  exports  to  the  AVell  Indies  are,  bif- 
cuit,  peas,  Indian   coin^  apples,  onions, 
boards,  ftavec,  horfes,  flicep,butt!:r,cheefc, 
pickled   oyfttrs,   bctf    and   pork.      Eur 
wheat    is    the  ftaple  commodity"   of  the 
State,  of  which  no  lefs  than  677,700  hufl\- 
els  were  exported  fo  h.vg  ago  as  t]:e  year 
1775,  befides   ^,^55  ^^^"  of  bread,  and 
1,2, zZ  tons  of  flour.  The  increr.fe  fmce  has 
been  ia  proportion  to  tilxe  increafe  of  the 
population.     In  wheat  and  flour  abov^e  a 
niiliionbunieh  are  now  anuja'ly  exported. 
Wi,  India  goods  are  received  in  return  for 
the  above  articles.  Befides  the  articles  al- 
ready enumerated,  r.re  c;:por!:cd  flax-leed, 
cotton  wool,  farf?.parilla,  coffee,  indigo, 
rice,  pig-iron,  bar-iron,  pot-alh,  pearl-afh, 
furs,  deer-fkins,  logwcf/d,  fuft'C,  mahoga- 
ny, bees-wax,  oil,   Madeira  wine,  rum, 
tar,  pitch,  turpendne,  v.'hale  fuis,  Kill,  fu- 
gars,  molalTes,  faU,  tobacco,  lard,  &c.  but 
moft  of  thefe  articles  are  imported  for  re- 
exportation. The  exports  to  foreign  parts, 
for  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1791,  1792,  j 
&c.  coniifling  principally  of  the  articles  1 
above  enumerated,  amounted  as  follows  ; 
in    1791,  to   2,505,465    dolis.    10  cente; 
1791 — 2-,535-'790  dolls.  25  cents:   1793 — 
2,932,370  dolls.;  1794— 5, 44i>iS3  dolls.  1 
10    cents;     1795 — 10,304,500   dolis.   7S  I 
cents;    i5?or — 13,792,276  dollars.     This] 
State  o'.vned  in  1792,  46,626  tons  of  {hip- 
ping, befides  which  fhe  finds  employment 
for  aboi't  40,000  tons  of  fcrtign  vefiels. 
There  are  in  th's  State,  two  handfomcly 
endowed  ?nd  jlonr idling  collrgrs.  viz.  Co- 
lumbia, formerly  Ki-ng's  College,  in  the 
citv  of  N.  York,  and  Union  CoHege,  at 
Schenecrtady.     See    N^io  Tori    City    and 
SJjcneSIaJy.     Befic'cs  thfJe,  there  are  dif- 
perlcd  in  different  p3rts  of  the  State,  14 
incorporated    Academies,  containing   in 
the  whole,  as  manv  as  6  or  700  ftudents. 
Thefe,  with  the  eltablifliment  of  fchools, 
I  at  Icaft  in   every   diftricl:  of  4  fquarc 


miles,  for  the  common  branches  of  edu- 
cation, muft  have  the  mofl  beneficial  cf- 
fedls  on  the  flate  of  fociety.     The  fums 
granted  by  thelegiflature  of  this  State  for 
the  encouragement  of  literature  fince  the 
year  1790,  have  been  very  liberal  .^nd  is 
evincive  of  the  wifeft  policy.     In  March, 
I790,the  legiilature  granted  to  the  regents 
of  the  Univerfity,  who  have  by  law  the  fu- 
perintendauce  and  management  of  the  lit- 
erature of  theState,feveral  large  and  valu- 
able trails  of  land,  on  the  waters  of  Lakes 
George  and  Cliamplain,  and  alfo  Gover- 
nor's Ifland  in  the  harbour  of  New  York, 
with  intent  that   the  rents  and  income 
the.-ecf  fhould  be  by  them  applied  to  the 
advancement  of  literature.     At  the  fame 
time  they  granted  them  ;/^i,ooo  currency, 
for  the  farae  general  purpofe.     In  April, 
1792,  they  ordered  to  be  paid  to  the  re- 
gents, ^^rjco  for  enlarging  the  library, 
^2CO  for  a  chemical  apparatus,  j^  1,200 
for  eredling  a  wall  to  fupport  the  college 
grounds,  and  ^5,000  for  erecSling  a  hall 
and  an  additional  wing  to  the  college : 
Alfo  ;{!i,500  annually  for  5  years  to  be 
diicretionally  diftributcd  among  the  acad* 
cmies  of  the  State.     Alfo  ^750,  for  five 
years,  to  be  applied  to  the  payment  of 
the  falaries  of  additional  profeffors.     In 
their  feflions  fincc   1795,  the  fums  they 
have  granted  for  the  fupport  of  the  col- 
leges, academies,  and  of  common  fchools 
throughout  the  State,  have  been  very  lib- 
eral.    The  religious  fecSls  or  denomina- 
tions in  this  State  are,  Engiifli  Prefbyteri- 
ans,   Dutch  Reformed,  Baptifls,  Epifco- 
palians.  Friends  or  Quakers,  Gorman  Lu- 
therans, Moravians,  Methodifts,  Roman 
Catholics,  Shakers,  a  few  followers  of  je- 
mima Vv-'ilkinfon   at    Geneva,  and  fome 
Jews  in  the  city  of  N.  York.     The  treaf- 
ury  of  this  State  is  one  of  the  richeft  in 
tfie  Union,    The  treafurerof  the  State  re- 
ported to  the  legiflature  in  Jan.  1796,  that 
the  funds  amounted  to  2,1 19,06-8  dolls.  ^^ 
cents,  Vv'hich  yields  an  annuity  of  234,218 
dolls.     BciiJes  the  above  immenfe  fum, 
there  was  at  that  period  in  the  treaiury, 
^134,207  '.  i():  loij  currency.     The  abil- 
ity of  the  State,  therefore,  is  abundantly 
competent  to   aid  public  inftitutions  of 
every  kind,  to  mnke  roads,  erecl  bridges, 
open  canals,  and  pufli  every  kind  of  im- 
provement to  the  moft  defirable  length. 
The  body  of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians 
inhabit  the  weftern  part  of  this   State. 
See  <S/x  Mationf. 

The    Englidi    language    is    generally 
fpoken  throughout  the  State,  but  is  riot 

a  iift'e 


NEW 


k  E  W 


4  little  corrupted  by  the  Dutch  dip.leA, 
which  is  ftili  fpoken  in  fome  counties,  par- 
ticularly in  King's,  Ulfter,  Albany,  and 
that  part  if  Orange  which  lies  S  of  the 
mountains.  But  as  Dutch  fchools  are  al- 
moft,  if  not  wholly  diftontinued,  that  lan- 
guage, in  a  few  generations,  will  probably 
ceafe  to  be  ufed  at  all.  And  the  increafe 
of  Englifh  fchools  has  already  had  a  per- 
ceptible efFe<fb  in  the  improvement  of  the 
Englilli  language.  Befides  the  Dutch  and 
Englifli,  there  are  In  this  State  many  em- 
igrants from  Scotland,  Ireland,  Germany, 
and  fome  few  from  France,  Many  Ger- 
mans are  fettled  on  the  Mohawk,  and 
fome  Scots  people  on  the  Hudfon,  in  the 
county  of  Wailiington.  The  principal 
part  of  the  two  former  fettled  in  the  city 
of  N.  York  ;  and  retain  the  manners,  the 
religion,  and  fome  of  them  the  language 
of  their  refpedlive  countries.  The  French 
emigrants  fettled  principally  at  New  Ro- 
chelle,  and  on  Staten  inand,and  their  de- 
fcendant3,feveral  of  them, have  filled  fome 
of  the  highefl  offices  in  the  United  States. 
The  weftern  parts  of  the  State  are  fettled 
and  fettling  principally  from  New  Eng- 
land. There  are  3  incorporated  cities  in 
this  State,  N.  York,  Albany,  and  Hudfon. 

New  Tori  Court!}',  in  the  above  State, 
comprehending  the  ifland  of  N.  York,  or 
Manhattan,  on  which  the  metropolis 
ftands,  and  the  following  fmall  iflands : 
Great  Barn,  Little  Barn,  Manning's,  Nut- 
ten,  Bedlow's,  Bucking.and  Oyfter  Iflands. 
It  contained,  in  1790,  33,131  inhabitants, 
in  J  800,  60,489.  The  number  of  flaves 
in  1790,  was  2,369,  in  1800,  z,^6S. 

Netv  Tnrk  City,  is  fituated  on  the  S  W 
point  of  York  liland,  at  the  confluence  of 
Hudfon  and  Ea(t  Rivers,  and  is  the  me- 
tropolis of  the  State  of  its  name,  and  the 
fecond  in  rank  in  the  Union.  The  length 
of  the  city  on  Eaft  River  is  about  3  miles, 
and  rapidly  increaiing,  but  falls  lliort  of 
that  didance  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudfon. 
Its  breadth  on  an  average,  is  about  a  mile, 
and  its  circumference  5  or  6  miles.  The 
plan  of  the  city  is  not  perfectly  regular, 
but  is  laid  out  with  reference  to  the  fitua- 
tion  of  the  ground.  The  ground  which 
was  unoccupied  before  the  peace  of  1783, 
v/as  laid  out  in  parallel  Itreets  of  conve- 
nient width,  which  has  had  a  good  efFecfl 
upon  the  parts  of  the  city  lately  built. 
The  principal  flreets  run  nearly  parallel 
with  the  rivers.  Thefe  are  interfedled, 
though  not  at  right  angles,  by  ftrects  run- 
ning from  river  to  river.  In  the  wldtli 
•f  the  flreets   there  is  a  great  diverflty. 

Vol.  I,  A  A  a 


Water  flrcet  and  Pearl  ftreet,  which  oc- 
cupy the  banks  of  Eafl:  River,  are  very 
conveniently  fituated  for  bufinefs,  but 
they  are  low  and  too  narrow  ;  not  ad- 
mitting in  fome  places  of  walks  on  the 
fides  for  foot  palTengers.  Broad  Street^ 
extending  from  the  Exchange  to  city  hall, 
is  fufficiently  wide.  This  was  originally 
built  on  each  fide  of  the  creek,  which  pen- 
etrated almofl:  to  the  city  hall.  This  ftreet 
is  low,  but  pleafant.  But  the  molt  conveni- 
ent and  agreeable  part  of  the  city  is  the 
Broadway.  It  begins  at  a  point  which  is 
formed  by  the  juncilion  of  the  Hudfon  and 
Eaft  Rivers — occupies  the  height  of  land 
between  them,  upon  a  true  meridional  line 
— rifes  gently  to  the  northward — is  near- 
ly 70  feet  wide — adorned,  where  the 
fort  flood,  (which  has  lately  been  level- 
led) with  an  elegant  brick  edifice,  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  governor  of  the 
State,and  a  public  walk  fromthe  extremity 
of  the  point,  occupying  the  ground  of  the 
lower  battery  which  is  now  demolifhed  ; 
alfo  with  two  Epifcopal  churches  and  a 
number  of  elegant  private  buildings.  It 
terminates,  to  the  northward,  in  a  trian- 
gular area,  fronting  the  bridewell  and 
alms-houfe,  and  commands  from  any 
point,  a  view  of  the  Bay  and  Narrows. 
Since  the  year  1788,  that  part  of  the  city, 
which  was  buried  in  ruins  during  the  war, 
his  been  rapidly  rebuilding,  the  ftreets 
widened,  ftraightened,  raifed  in  the  mid- 
dle under  an  angle  fufficient  to  carry  off 
the  watfer  to  the  Hde  gutters,  and  foot- 
ways of  brick  made  on  each  fide.  At 
this  time  the  part  that  vv^as  deftroyed  by 
fire  is  all  covered  with  elegant  brick  hou- 
fes.  Wall  ftreet  is  generally  50  feet  wide 
and  elevated,  and  the  buildings  elegant. 
Hanover  fquare  and  Dock  ftreet  are  con- 
veniently fituated  for  bufmefs,  and  the 
houfes  well  built.  William  ftreet  is  alfo 
elevated  and  convenient,  and  is  the  prin- 
cipal market  for  retailing  dry  goods. 
Many  of  the  ottier  ftreets  are  pleafant, 
but  moft  of  them  are  irregular  and  nar- 
row. The  houfes  are  generally  built  of 
brick,  and  the  roofs  tiled.  There  are  re- 
maining a  few  houfes  built  after  the  old 
Dutch  manner  ;  but  the  Englifli  tafte  ha^ 
prevailed  alirioft  a  century.  The  moft: 
m.Hgnificcnt  edifice  In  the  city  is  Federal 
Hall,  fituated  at  the  head  of  Broad  ftreet, 
where  its  front  appears  to  great  advan- 
tage, in  which  is  a  gallery  t%  feet  deep, 
guarded  by  an  elegant  iron  railing.  la 
this  gallery  our  beloved  W nfoingion^  at- 
tended by  the  fcnate  and  hcufe  of  reprc- 
fentativeS| 


N  E  W 


HE  W 


fcntallvcs,  took  his  oath  of  office  in  the 
face  of  Heaven,  and  in  piefencc  of  a  large 
concourfe  of  people  afTcmbled  in  front, 
at  the  commtiicement  of  the  operation 
of  live  Federal  Conftitution,  April  30th, 
1789.  The  Netv  York  State  Pn/hv,  is  fitn- 
atcd  at  Greenwich,  about  Z  miles  diflant 
from  the  fonthernmofl  point  of  the  city, 
upon  a  lot  of  about  4  acres,  on  the  E  bank 
of  Hudfon's  River,  and  inclofed  by  a  wall 
Irom  16  to  20  feet  high.  The  building 
comprehends  the  following  fubdivifions 
and  apartments :  i.  In  the  centre  facing 
Greenwich  ftreet,  and  in  the  rear  facing 
t\\e  river,  is  the  building  containing  the  | 
apartments  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
keeper  and  his  ailiftants,  and  rooms  for 
the  ufc  of  rtae  infpecilors,  &c.  its  dimen- 
fions  being  64  feet  fquare,  and  in  the  rear 
a  fpacions  hall.  2.  Adjoining  the  fore- 
going, 0:1  each  fide  fronting  the  fireet,  is 
a  building  of  the  fame  height  with  the 
centre,  each  of  which  contains  30  prifoas 
capable  of  containing  each  6  prifoners  for 
Iodp,ing.  3.  Adjoining,  and  extending 
weftcrly  on  the  northerly  fide,  is  a  build- 
ing of  about  56  feet  in  length,  and  36  feet 
in  breadth,  intended  for  a  place  of  wor- 
fliip  for  the  prifoners.  On  the  foutherly 
fide  is  a  building  of  the  fame  dimenfions, 
intended  for  the  hofpital  and  dining 
apartments  ;  adjoining  to,  and  extending 
wtilerly  are  two  other  fets  of  prifons  of 
equ.;:l  fizc  with  thofc  in  front.  To  com- 
plete the  plan,  there  will  be  folitary  cells 
at  the  end  of  the  lafl  defcribed  prifons, 
each  of  which  calculated  to  contain  8  per- 
fons  in  fo!irude.  Within  the  walls,  work- 
£hops  are  crcclied,  in  which  the  prifoners 
are  employed  at  hard  labour.  The  whole 
of  the  buildings  will  fliew  a  front  and 
rear  of  about  307  feet.  The  whole  is 
built  of  hard  flone.  'I'he  walls  are  thick. 
The  i^rifon  grates  .ire  of  flout  iron  bars, 
ftecled  and  hardened.  The  height  of  the 
whole,  except  the  folitary  cells,  is  3  fto- 
ries  ;  the  lower  one  being  funk  3  feet  be- 
low thcfurfacc,  is  10  feet  from  the  floor  to 
fhe  ceiling.  The  two  other  fli)rics  are  1 3^ 
feet  each,  between  the  iloor  and  ceiling. 
The  bnilding  is  covered  with  flate,  and 
in  the  centre, over  a  handfome  pedinienr, 
is  an  elegant  cupola,  which  commands  a 
plcafing  view  of  all  the  veiTeis  pafliug  to 
and  from  the  city  through  the  Narrows, 
and  down  as  far  as  Sandy  Hook,  and  alfo 
for  fome  confiderable  diftance  up  Hudfon's  }  j 
River.  The  other  public  buildings  in  the  I 
city  are,  3  houl'es  for  public  worihip  for  j 
the  Datcli  iltformed  church,  5  Prelbytc-  {} 


rian  churches,  4  Epifcopal  churched,  f 
for  German  Lutherans  and  Calvinifls,  a- 
Friends'  mccting-houfes,  a  for  Baptifts,  3 
for  Methodids,  r  for  Seceders,  i  for  Uni- 
verfalifb),!  for  Moravians,!  Roman  Cath- 
olic church,  I  French  Proteftant  church, 
and  a  Jews'  fynagogue.  Befidts  thcfe  there 
is  the  governor's  houfe,  already  mention- 
ed, a  handfome  building,  the  college,  gaol, 
and  Icveral  other  buildings  of  lei's  note. 
The  city  is  accommodated  with  4  mar- 
kets in  difTerent  parts,  which  are  furnifli- 
ed  with  a  great  plenty  and  varietv  of  pro- 
vifions  in  neat  and  excellent  order. 

King's  Co' lege,  in  the  city  of  N.  York, 
was  principally  founded  by  the  voluntary 
contribution.,  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
province,  affifted  by  the  general  aflemblv^ 
and  the  corporation  of  Trinity  Church  : 
In  the  year  1754,  a  royal  charter  (and 
grant  of  money)  was  obtained,  incorpo- 
rating a  number  of  gentlemen  therein 
mentioned,  by  the  name  of  "  The  Gov- 
ernors of  the  College  of  the  province  of 
New  York,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  in 
America ;"  and  granting  to  them  and 
their  fucccflbrs  forever,  amonoH:  various 
other  rights  and  privileges,  the  power  of 
conferring  all  fuch  degrees  as  are  ufually 
conferred  by  either  of  the  Englitli  univer- 
fitics.  By  the  charter  it  was  provided 
that  the  prefident  Ihall  always  be  a  mem- 
ber of  the  church  of  England,  and  chat  a 
form  of  prayer  collected  from  the  litur- 
gy of  that  church,  with  a  particular  pray- 
er for  the  college,  fliall  be  daily  ufed, 
morning  and  evening,  in  the  college  chap- 
el ;  at  the  fame  time,  no  tefl  of  their  re- 
Irgious  perfuaiion  was  required  from  any 
of  the  fellows,  profelTors  or  tutors;  and 
the  advantages  of  education  were  equally 
extended  tofludents  of  all  denominations. 
The  building  (which  is  only  y  of  the  in- 
tended flruclure)  confifts  of  an  elegant 
ftone  ediiice,  3  complete  (lories  high,  with 
4  flair-cafes,  la  apartments  in  each,  a 
chapel,  hall,  library,  mnfeum, anatomical 
theatre,  and  a  fchoolfor  experimental  phi- 
lofophy.  Tlic  college  is  fitu.Ued  on  a  dry 
gravelly  foil,"  about  150  yards  front  the 
l>ank  of  iI.idfon's.  River,  which  it  over- 
looks, com:nanding  a  mofl  extenlivc  anei 
beautifjil  profpecfl.  Since  the  revolution, 
the  legiilature  palfed  an  adl  condituting 
21  gentlemen  (of  whom  the  governor  and 
lieutenant-governor,  for  tiie  time  beings 
are  members  ex  ojficiis)  a  body  corporate 
and  politic,  l)y  tl^.e  name  and  fiyle  of  "The 
Regents  of  the  Univsrhty  of  the  State  of 
New  Ycrkr"      Thev  are  entrufted  witii 

th- 


N  E  W 


iC  E  W 


iihe  care  of  ]it»rature  in  general  in  the 
ftate,  and  h^ve  power  to  f^rant  charters 
of  incorporation  for  erecbing  colleges  and 
jt.cademies  throughout  the  State,  arc  to 
vifit   thefe  inflitutions  as   often  as  they 
ihall  think,  proper,  and  report  their  ftate 
to   the   legiflature  once  a    year.     King's 
College,  which  we  have  already  dcfcrihtd, 
is  now  called  Coh.mVtn  College.     This  col- 
lege, by  an  a^fb  of  t!ie  legiflatiirc,   paflcd 
in  the  ipring  of  1787,  was  put  under  the 
care   of   24  gentlemen,  who   are  a  hody 
corporate,  by  the  name  and  ftylc  of  "  Ti;c 
'JVuflees  of  Columbia  College  in  the  city 
of  New  York."     This  body  poiTcfs  ail  the 
powers  vcfted  in  the  governors  of  King'ji 
College,  before  the  revolution,  or  in  the 
regents  of  the  univerHty,  hnce   the  revo- 
lution, fo   far  as  their  power  rcfpeAcd 
this  inflitution.     No  regent  can  be  a  truf- 
tie  of  any  particular  college  or  academy 
in  the  State.'   The  regents  of  the  univer- 
fity  have  pov.-er  to  confer  the  higher  de- 
gree?, and  them  oiily.     The  college  edi- 
iice   has  received  no  addition   fince  the 
peace,  though  the  ereCiion  of  a  hall  and 
a   wing   have  been    contemplated,    and 
funds  for  the  pur pofe  granted  by  the  leg- 
JHature.       The    r.nnual    revenue    arifing 
from  tlic  cflate  belonging  to  the  college, 
exclufive  of  fome  bonds  which  are  niit  at 
prefent  producStive,  amounts  to  ^  1,535 
currency.     Columbia  College  con  lifts  of 
a  faculties ;  a  faculty  of  arts  and  a  facul- 
ty of  phyfic.     The  tirft  lias    a   prefident 
and  7  profelTors,   and  the  fecond  a  dean 
and  7  profefibrs.     The  ftudents  attending 
both  the  faculties  at  tbiC  beginning  of  the  ; 
year  1795,  amounted  to    160.     l  he  ofii- 
ccrs  of  inftruction  and  immediate  govern-  ; 
ment  in  the  faculty  of  arts,   are,  a  prcu- 
dent,  profedor  of  mathematics  and  natu-  '■ 
ral  philclhpiiy,  a  profefTor  of  logic  arid 
gecgraphv,  and  a  profefTor  of  languages.  \ 
To  thefe  have  lately  been  added  a  pro- 
f'efibr  of  chymiflry  and  agriculture,  a  pro-  . 
feflor  of  oriental  languages,  a  proieHbr  of  ' 
hi w,  arid  a  profeflbr  of  the  French  language, 
la  the  faculty  of  phyfic,  the  dean  is  leclur-  j 
er  on  clinical  medicine  in  the  N.York  hof- 
pital  ;  and  there  are  the  proftiTorfiu'ps  of 
botany,  of  anatomy,  of  the  obftttric  art, 
of  materia   medica,  of  tJie  iuitifjtes   of 
medicine,  of  furgery,  and  the  pratfiice  (xf 
phyfic.     Tl.efe  profeilors  aiTird  the  ne- 
ceflary    inflruclion    in    the    healing   art. 
The  library  and  nnifeum  v^^ere  deflroyed 
during  the'war.     Upwards  of  ;CSoo   (of 
monies  granted  by  the  Icgiliature)  have 
ipeea  lately  expended  in  buoks  to  increafo 


ttie   library.       ihc   philofophical   appa- 
ratus  is  new  and  complete.     The  gov- 
ernment  of  the  city  (which  was  incor- 
j  porated  in  1696)  ii  now  in  the  hands  of «, 
'  mayor,  aldermen,  aind  common  council. 
j  The  city  is  divided  into  7  wards,  in  each 
j  of  which  there  is  chofen  annually  by  the 
.  people,  an  alderman  and  in  alhftant,  who, 
j  together  with  tlie  recorder,  are  appolutect 
'  annually  by  the  council  of  appointment. 
The  mayor's  court,  which  is  held  from 
I  time  to  time  by  adjournment,  is  In  high 
j  reputation   as   a  court  of  law.     A  court 
j  of  fcllions  is  likcv/ifc  held  for  the  trial 
<  of  criminal  caufts.     The  htuation  of  the 
I  city  is  both  healthy  and  pieafant.     Sur- 
i  rounded  on  all  fides  by  water,  it  is  refrellr- 
j  ed  with  cool  breezes  In  fummer,  and  the 
air  In  winter  is  more  temperate  tiian  iu 
other    places    under    the    fame    parallel. 
This  city  is  efteerned  the  moft  eligible  fit- 
uation  for  commerce  in  the  United  States. 
It  commands  the  trade  of  one- half  New 
Jerfey,  moft  of  that  of  Connedlicut,  part 
.  j  of  that  of  MafTachufetts,  almoft  the  whole 
i|  of  Vermont,  and  a  part  of  that  of  New 
I    Hampfliire,  lying  on  ConnecElicut  River; 
I  befides  the  whole  fertile  interior  country, 
I  which  is  penetrated  by  one  of  the  largetfc 
'  rivers  in  America.     This  city  and  Baiti- 
i  more,  it   is  faid,  export  three-fourths  o  , 
{  the  produce  fent  from  the  U.  States.  This 
\  city  imports  moft  of  the  goods  confumed 
j  between  a  line  of  30  miles  E  of  Connedt- 
'  icut  River,  and  20  miles  Wof  the  Hudfon, 
j  which   is    130  miles  ;    and   between  the 
I  ocean  and  the  confines  of  Canada,  about 
1  400   miles  ;    a   confiderablc    portion    of 
j  which  is  the  beft  peopled  of  any  part  of 
I  of  the  U.  States ;  and  the  whole  Territory 
I  contains  nearly  a  million  people,  or  one- 
j  fifth  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Union.    Be- 
I  fides,  fome  of  tiie  other  States  are  partially 
j  fupplied  with  goods  from  N.  York.   But  in 
I  the  ibpie  commodity,  rlour,Pennrylvania 
j  and  Maryland  have  exceeded  it,  the  fuper- 
I  fine  flour  of  thofs  States  commanding  a 
i  higher  price  than  thatof  N.  York ;  not  that 
[  the  quality  of  the  grain  is  worfe,  but  be- 
:  caufe   greater  attention   is    paid   in  thofe 
States  tothc  infpeiicion  and  manufacftarc  of 
t'iat  article,,     hi  the  m  mufaclure  likeivife 
of  iron,  paper,  cahinet  works, &:c.Pcnnfyl- 
vania  exceeds  not  only   N.  York,  but  all 
her  fifier  States,     hi  times  of  peace,  how- 
ever, N.  York  will  command  more  com- 
mercial bufioefs  tha.i  any  town  in  the  U. 
States.     In  time  of  war  it  will  be  infccure, 
without  a  marine  force  ;  but  a  fm.ill  num- 
ber cf  ihips  will  be  able  to  defend  it  from 
'        '  thf 


NEW 


N  I  A 


the  mofl:  formidable  attacks  by  fea.  A 
want  of  good  water  has  been  a  great  in- 
convenience to  the  citizens  ;  there  being 
few  wells  in  the  city.  Moft  of  the  peo- 
ple were  till  lately  fupplied  every  day 
with  frefli  water,  conveyed  to  their  doors 
in  caiks,  from  a  pump  near  the  head  of 
Queen  ftreet,  which  receives  it  from,  a 
fpring  almoft  a  mile  from  the  centre  of 
the  city.  This  well  is  about  %o  feet  deep, 
-ind  4  feet  diameter.  The  average  qua n- 
•tity  drawn  daily  from  this  remarkable 
•well,  was  I  to  ho^flieads  of  330  gallons 
each.  In  fome  hot  fummer  day's  ai6 
hogllieads  have  been  drawn  from  it ;  and 
what  is  very  lingular,  there  is  never  more 
or  lefs  than  about  3  feet  water  in  the 
■vvcll.  The  water  was  fold  commonly  at  3 
pence  a  hogfliead  at  the  pump.  The 
Manhattan  Company  now  fupply  or  have 
agreed  to  fupply  the  citizens  with  wa- 
ter by  pipes.  On  a  general  view  of  this 
city,  as  defcribed  40  years  ago,  and  in  its 
prefent  ftate,  the  comparifou  is  flattering 
to  the  prefent  age  ;  particularly  the  im- 
provements in  tafte,  elegance  of  manners, 
and  that  eafy  unaffected  civility  and  po- 
litenefs  which  form  the  happinefs  of  fo- 
cial  intercourfe.  The  number  of  inhab- 
itants in  the  city  and  county  of  N.  York 
in  1756,  was  io88t ;  1771,21,863;  1786, 
^3,614;  1790,  33>i3i;  i^,c>Oi  60,489. 
There  is  no  bafon  for  the  reception  of 
veffel?,  but  the  road  where  they  lie  in 
Eaft  Rjver,  which  is  protecSted  from  the 
violence  of  the  fea  by  the  circumjacent 
iflands.  The  great  rapidity  of  the  tides 
in  the  narrow  channelq  between  Long  lil- 
and  and  York  Ifland,  and  between  Long 
Ifland  and  Staten  Ifiand,  increafed  by  the 
water  of  Hudfon  and  Eaft  rivers,  preferves 
the  channel  from  being  obftrudled  by  ice ; 
fo  that  navigation  is  always  open,  except 
a  few  days  when  the  weather  is  uncom- 
monly fcvere.  The  entries  from  foreign 
ports  only  into  this  port  in  1795  were 
941,  viz.  tliips,  178 — brigs,  309, — barques, 
9 — fnows,  7 — fchooners,268 — floops,  170. 
Works  of  defence  have  been  erc(£led  licrc 
to  a  confiderablc  c^^tent,  and  Avhen  com- 
pleted on  the  original  plan,  will  afford 
great  fecurity  to  the  city,  from  enemies' 
Slips.  N.  York  city  .is  9^  miles  N  E  of 
Philadelphia,  IZ7  S  W  of  Hartford,  197 
N  E  of  Baltimore,  252  S  W  of  Bufton, 
375  from  Portland,  in  Maine,  ^y^  from 
Richmond,  6zo  from  Fayetteviile,  913 
from  Charlellown,  and  I,C20  from  Savan- 
pah.  N  !at.  40  4a  8,  W  long.  74  9  45. 
liiTv   Tori,    an  Indian    town   of   the 


Creek  nation,  on  Tallapoofc  river,  ix 
Georgia  ;  and  fo  named  by  Col.  Ray,  a 
N.  York  Britifli  loyalift. 

Neiv  Tnrk  IJland,  on  which  the  city  o£ 
that  name  ftands,  is  about  15  miles  long,  ^ 
and  does  not  exceed  two  in  any  part  in 
breadth.  It  is  joined  to  the  main  land 
by  a  bridge,  called  King's  Bridge,  15  miles 
N  of  N.  York  city. 

Neiv  Tork,  Albemarle  co.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  pofi:  office,  167  miles  from. 
Wafliington, 

Nc^be,  or  Ne'iva,  a  fertile  plain  on  the 
S  fide  of  the  iiland  of  St. Domingo  ;  bound- 
e:d  E  by  the  bay  and  river  of  its  name, 
on  the  W  by  the  river  of  Dames,  and  the 
Pond  of  Henriquelle.  It  contains  about 
80  fquare  leagues,  abounds  with  game, 
and  is  a  chofenfpot  for  flamingoes,  pheaf- 
ants,  and  royal  or  crowned  peacocks. 
Thefe  laft  have  a  more  delicate  flavour 
and  more  brilliant  plumage  than  the  pea- 
cocks of  Europe.  Nine  leagues  from  the 
W  bank  of  the  Neybe  is  the  town,  con- 
taining about  '200  houfes,  and  can  turn 
out  300  men  fit  to  bear  arms.  This  towa 
is  15  leagues  W  by  N  of  Azua,  and  16 
from  the  point  where  the  line  of  demarca- 
tion cuts  Brackifh  Pond.  This  territory 
produces  a  fort  of  plaifter,  talc,  and  foffil 
fait.  The  natural  re-produ6f  ion  of  the  fait 
is  fo  rapid,  that  a  pretty  large  hollow  is  ab- 
folutely  filled  up  again  in  the  courfe  of  a 
year.  The  river  might  be  rendered  navi- 
gable for  fmall  craft,  and  the  plain  is  able 
to  afford  eligible  lituations  for  150  fugar 
plantations. 

Niagara  R'tiier  and  Falls.  Niagara  River 
conneAs  the  N  E  end  of  L.  Erie  with  L. 
Ontario,  and  is  about  30  miles  in  length, 
from  Fort  Erie  to  Niagara  Fort,  and  forms 
a  part  of  the  boundary  between  the  U, 
States  and  U.  Canada.  It  receives  Chippe- 
way  or  Welland  River  from  the  W,  and 
Toucwanto  Creek  from  the  E,  and  cm- 
bofoms  Great  and  Navy  Iflands,  Fort 
Sluflier  (lands  on  the  E  fide  of  this  river, 
near  Navy  Ifland.  The  Falls  in  this  riv- 
er, are  oppofite  Fort  Sluflier,  about  7  or 
8  miles  S  of  l^.  Ontario,  and  form  the 
greateft  curiofity  which  this  or  any  other 
country  affords.  In  order  to  have  a  tol- 
erable idea  of  this  ftupendous  fall  of  wa- 
ter, it  will  be  ncceflary  to  conceive  that 
part  of  the  country  in  which  Lake  Eric 
is  (ituated  to  be  elevated  above  that 
which  contains  Lake  Ontario  about  300 
feet ;  the  flope  which  feparates  the  upper 
and  lower  country  is  generally  very  flcep, 
and  in  many  place-^  almolt  perpendicular  : 


N  I  A 


N  I  C 


jt  is  formed  by  horizontal  ftrataof  ftone, 
great  part  of  which  is  lime-ftone.  The 
flope  may  be  traced  by  the  N  fide  of  L. 
Ontario,  near  the  bay  of  Torento,  round 
the  W  end  of  the  Lake ;  thence  the  di- 
rection is  generally  E.  Between  L.  On- 
tario and  L.  Erie  it  crofles  the  ftrait  of 
Niagara  and  the  Gennefiee  River ;  after 
which  it  becomes  loft  in  the  country  to- 
wards Seneca  Lake.  It  is  to  this  flope 
the  country  is  indebted  both  for  the  Cat- 
aratfl  of  Niagara  and  the  great  Falls  of 
Genncflee.  The  Cataradl  of  Niagara,  fome 
have  fuppofed,  was  formerly  at  the  north- 
ern fide  of  the  ilope  near  the  landing  ; 
and  that  from  the  great  length  of  time, 
the  quantity  of  water,  and  the  diflance 
which  it  falls,  the  folid  ftone  is  worn 
away  for  about  7  miles  up  towards  Lake 
Erie,*  and  a  chafm  is  formed  which  no 
perfon  can  approach  without  terror. 
Down  this  chafm  the  water  ruflies  with  a 
moft  aftonilliing  noife  and  velocity,  after, it 
makes  the  great  pitch.  Here  the  fancy 
is  conftantly  engaged  in  the  contempla- 
tion of  the  moft  romantic  and  awful  prof- 
pe6t  imaginable ;  when  the  eye  catches 
the  falls,  the  contemplation  is  inftantly 
arrefted,  and  the  beholder  admires  in  fi- 
lence.  The  river  is  about  742  yards  wide 
at  the  falls.  The  perpendicular  pitch  of 
this  vaft  body  of  water  produces  a  found 
that  is  frequently  heard  at  the  diftance  of 
^o  miles,  and  in  a  clear  day  and  fair  wind, 
40,  and  even  50  miles.  A  perceptible, 
tremulous  motion  in  the  earth  is  felt  for 
fcveral  rods  round.  A  heavy  cloud  or 
fog  is  conftantiy  afcending  from  the  falls, 
in  which  rainbows  may  always  be  feen 
when  the  fun  Ihines.  This  fog  or  fpray, 
in  the  winter  feafon,  falls  upon  the  neigh- 
bouring trees,  where  it  congeals,  and  pro- 
duces a  moft  beautiful  cryftaline  appear- 
ance :  this  remark  is  applicable  alio  to 
the  Falls  of  GennciTee.  It  is  conje<5lured 
that  the  water  muft  fall  at  leaft  65  feet  in 
the  chafm;  the  perpendicular  pitch  at 
the  cataract  is  150  feet ;  other  accounts 
fay  only  137  feet :  to  thcle  add  58  feet, 
which  the  water  falls  the  laft  half  mile 
immediately  above  the  falls,  and  we  have 
273,  which  che  water  falls  in  the  diftance 
of  7 3  miics.  Animals  fwimming  near  the 
Rapids  i^ove  the  great  Catara<ft  arc  in- 
ftantly hurried  to   deftrucSlion.      Tult  be- 

*  Gen.  Bfncoln^  ivho  vifited  and  oamined 
thefe.  falls  in  ijg^.fays,  '■•  On  a  careful  exam- 
inati'jn  of  the  batiks  of  the  river ^  there  upbears 
to  be  no  good fjundaiion  for  tlis  opintonr 


low  the  Great  Pitch,  the  water  and  fc^i^ 
may  be  feen  puft^ed  up  in  large  fpherica( 
figures  ;  they  burft  at  the  top,  and  project 
a  column  of  the  fpray  to  a  prodigious 
height,  and  then  fu'bfide,  aiid  arefuccecd- 
ed  by  others  which  burft  in  like  manner, 
Tiiis  appearance  is  moft  remarkable  about 
half  way  between  the  liiand  that  divides 
the  falls  and  the  weft  tide  of  the  ftrait, 
where  the  largeft  coluuui  of  water  de- 
fcends.  The  defcent  into  the  chafm  of 
this  ftupendous  catara6t  is  very  difficult, 
on  account  of  the  great  height  cf  tlie 
banks;  but  when  once  a  perfon  has  de- 
fcended,  he  may  go  up  to  the  fouc  of  the 
Falls,  and  take  llielter  behind  the  de- 
fcending  column  of  water,  between  that 
and  the  precipice,  whete  there  is  fpacc 
luflicitnt  to  contain  a  number  of  people 
in  perfect  fafety,  and  wiiere  converfaiiou 
may  be  held  without  interruptio-i  from 
the  noife,  which  is  lefs  here  than  at  a  con- 
fiderable  diftance.  On  Chriftmas  night, 
I795»  a  fevere  fliock  of  an  earthquake 
was  felt  here,  and  by  which  a  large  piece 
of  the  rock  that  forms  the  famous  cata* 
ra(5t  was  broken  off. 

Niagara,  a  fort  and  poft  town  in  the 
State  of  N,  York,  fituated  on  the  E  fide 
of  Niagara  River,  at  its  entrance  into  L. 
Ontario,  and  oppofite  to  Newark,  in  Can- 
ada. Niagara  Fort  is  a  moft  important 
poft,  and  fecures  a  greater  number  of 
communications,  through  a  large  country, 
than  probably  any  other  pais  in  interior 
America.  It  is  about  9  miles  below  the 
cataracT:,  80  N  W  of  Wiiliamfburg  on 
Gennelfee  River,  370  N  W  oi  Philadel- 
phia, and  560  W  by  N  of  Bofton.  N. 
lat.  43  zo,  W  long.  79.  The  fort  was 
built  by  the  French  about  the  year  172?, 
and  was  delivered  up  to  the'  U.  States, 
according  to,  the  treaty  of  1794,  by  the 
Eritifh,  in  1796.  Although  it  is  a  degree 
N  of  Boftoa,  yet  tiie  feafon  is  quite  as 
msid  here  as  at  that  town,  and  vegetation 
quite  as  early  and  forward.  It  is  thought 
that  the  climate  meliorates  in  the  fduie 
latitude  as  one  proceeds  fVo:ii  the  Atlan- 
tic welt  ward. 

Niag,ira,  Little,  or  Fort  FlulTier,  above 
the  Great  i^alls,  on  the  F:  fide  oi  Niagara 
River,  oppofite  to  the  moulh  of  the  river 
Welland.  Sv^yth. 

Nicaropua,  a  lake  in  the  province  of 
New  Spain,  117  leagues  in  circumference. 
Its  weftern  part  is  not  more  than  ic  miies, 
from  tlie  S  VV  coaft  of  Mexico,  it  fends 
its  waters  E  to  the  ocean,  by  a  fpacious 
river  of  its  aanie,  which  divides  the  prov- 
ince 


K  I  c 


N  I  C- 


...    ! 


incc  of  Nicaranfiia  from  Cofla  Rico.  This 
renders  the  towns  on  the  banks  of  the 
Jake  of  conCideraMe  importance,  particu- 
iarly  the  cities  of  Granada,  Leon,  and 
■Nicaragua.  The  ftrft  is  on  the  S  fide  in 
l-it.  II  8  N,  and  long.  85  iz  W,  and  is  45 
sniies  wfn:v/ard  of  tae  city  of  N'Cdr.iPua, 
that  ftanos  .-.£  ^jmc  .diftance  S  from  ■ 
lake.  Leon  is  at  the  Vv  .-nd  of  th;: 
and  in  lat.  12  N,  and  i'>ng.  o,  W.  i.  *  . 
lake  is  interfp^r-fed  with  feveral  iflands, 
and  full  of  iiHi,  but  inf  fled  wirh  ^t.i-a- 
tors^  Nicaragua  Ri\er  cm  ^c^  :vAo  il,; 
iea,  oppoQte  to  th.  n' ,f,a  ji  '2\.L>^[A-^\^^-- 
N  lat.  II  40,  ■'  4;. 

Nica;ojT"c    ■■  ;:   ovi'ice  o 

ico,  havi  is  oii  the  N,  the  North 

•Sea  on  t-  Rico  on  the  3  R,  and 

the  Soar.;  t.-j,  on  the  S  W.  It  is  about 
40c  miles  long,  and  izo  bread,  'i'he 
rair  is  v-'holefome  and  temperate  and  the 
foil  fertile,  producing  quantities  of  fugar, 
cochine?J,  and  fine  chocolate.  This  i^ 
confidered  :is  the  garden  of  America  ;  be 
ing  fo  pleafant  and  fruitful,  that  when 
tht  Spaniards  firft  v'.fited  it,  they  called  it 
Mahomet's  Paradife. 

Nu/jclas,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con- 
taining 2,863  inhabitants. 

Nkholafville,  the  county  town  of  the 
above  co.  12  miles  S  E  of  Lexington.  It 
has  a  court  hcufe  and  a  few  dwelling 
iioiifes. 

Nicbdas^  Cape  S'.  the  N  W  extremity  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  in  the  W.  In- 
dies, k  is  2  leagues  W  of  the  town  of  its 
name,  more  comr.ionly  called  Toe  lifolc^ 
46  leagues  N  E  by  N  of  Cape  Dame 
Marie,  and,  with  this  cape,  forms  the  en- 
trance into  the  large  bay  called  the  Bite 
jot  Bight  of  Leoganc.     See  77je  Mole. 

Nicbo'asy  Port  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
Jics  6  leagues  S  S  E  of  Port  Cava'lo.  It 
h  lafer  than  St.  Joht»'s  harbour,  but  af- 
fords neither  wood  nor  water. 

Nichols^  Stream^  in  the  fame  town- 
lhi[)  (No.  4). with  Grfit  M^orhyCnttvt  Pc- 
nobfcot  River  oppoiiie  M-irilii's  iHaud, 
about  6  milts  below  tlje  Great  Fa'b,  and 
6  above  the;  '  '  '  '  ■'  ^'-  r'  1-  U  lins 
j^rge  tracts  <  1  .n- 

?.:-v;u  !,:nd,  :  :■  •  ■   ^,      :     -clvaii- 

■v;n  t(>^v-  (;n  the   S  E 


Crc-.s    LP...  .....    n.y    r,-jj 

ttvffii  tlifcfe  !  '  v    i  ov/i,,  en  tiic  Ij 

fame  fide  of  tii..  :  -. :  ..  ['■ 

flifle;-,  oae  C(f  tlit  fmali  Virgin  Ifiands. 


fituatcd  between  Anegada  and  Virgi* 
Gorda,on  the  latter  of  which  it  is  depend- 
ent.    N  lat.  18  30,  W  long.  65  5,    - 

Nicola,  or  Nicola  Toivn  Gul,  oa  the  N  B 
coaft  of  the  ifljnd  of  St.  Chriftopher's. 

Nuolci  Riyer,  iu  L.  Canada,  a  fouthcra 
wftfs  >.(?.-.  Lawrence,  running  parallel 
•iV  miles  only  E  of  St.  Fran- 
banks  are  good  land,  and 
i-i^ii   _;  i  ..^  i.y  emigrants  from  New  Eng- 
land,     See  Shiptun. 

Ntcnyz^  or  St.  Lticar^  a  town  of  Cofl* 
^Ia\)  -n  the  kingdom  of  Mexico,  North 
..,.:;;cA,  having  a  harbour  on  a  bay  of 
tie  ]v.  F.^icifi*;  Qcean,  in  lat.  10  20  N,  and 
:..-;:,.  S8  10  W.  About  10  leagues  diftant 
is  the  bay  of  Salinas,  from  "whence  the 
inhabitants  of  this  place  procure  and  fend 
to  Panama  the  purple  juice  of  a  flieii-fiili 
found  in  it,  belides  fait,  honey,  maize, 
fowls  and  wheat ;  and  here  is  alfo  a  iDearl 
filliery.  The  town  is  inland,  ]>ut  fhips 
rfde  in  the  iiver  Cipanlb,  %  leagues  to 
the  N  W  from  the  ifland  of  Chira,  to 
take  in  goods  from  it;  which  river  is 
navigable  for  large  periaguas  that  bring 
down  the  goods  to  tht'  Ihips.  The  ifland 
of  Chira  afTofds  plenty  of  frcfli  water  aj),4 
provifions. 

Ni^iau^  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  which 
waters  the  townfliip  of  Annapolis  ;  on  its 
banks  are  quantities  of  bog  and  mountain 
ore,  where  a  bloomery  has  been  erefled. 

Nicvefa,  Gulf  rf,  is  on  the  E  coaft  of  the 
country  of  Honduras,  on  the  Spanlfli 
Main,  having  Cape  Gracias-a-Dios  for  its 
N  li.niit,  and  Cape  Blanco,  on  the  S ; 
Catherine,  or  Providence,  is  due  E  from 
it. 

NieLe,  or  Nevh,  a  bay  and  river  on  the 
S  coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  The 
bay  is  in  K  lat.  18  3,  W  long.  73  46. 

N'ie'oa  J/iand,  lies  S  \V  of  Mi  (fake  Bay, 
and  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Hudfon's  Straits. 

Nieva  Terra^  near  the  E  end  of  Hud- 
fon's  Straits,  in  N.  America,  in  lat.  62  4 
N,  and  long.  67  7  W,  and  has  high  water 
ou  the  ipring  tide  days  at  50  min.  paft  9 
o'clock. 

Ni^^aniche,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  Cape 
Breton,  in  the  S  ^^art  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence. 

Ni-^us,  a  i-i\'er  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and oi>Si.  Domingo,  'Fiie  rivers  Nigua 
wd  i  ;y!r'  :tre  i.  very  far  apart;  but 
:.-;  .i....,  auvpu  c  jioin  their  fpriugs,  they 
nct.de  from  tacii  odier,  the  former  run- 
ning wcftward  from  the  latter.  Between 
<\:..,^,  w^i  .,,1  extenfive  and  fertile  plain. 
..rity  ot  Y,nx<:  g-v'.d  that  was  dug 
from 


1^1  X 


1^  a  M 


fVom  Its  cavities,  its  fugar,  cocoa,  Indigo, 
and  other  plantations,  paid  duties  to  a 
greater  amount  than  thofe  now  paid  by 
all  the  Spanifli  part  of  the  illand  togeth- 
er. Thefc  rivers  might  be  tafiiy  render- 
ed navigable.  The  panfli  and  fmall  town 
of  Ntgua  contain  about  a,50O  perfons, 
partly  free  peopli^  of  colour. 

Ninety  Six,  formerly  a  diftridl  of  the 
upper  country  of  Edgefield,  Abbeville, 
Laurens,  and  Nev,'bury  diftridts  ;  which 
fee.  It  contained,  in  1790,  33,674  white 
inhabitants,  lent  12  reprefentatives  and  4 
fenators  to  the  State  legiflature,  3  of  the 
former  aBd  i  of  the  latter  for  each  co. 
and  I  riember  to  Congrefs.  It  produces 
conliderable'qunntities  of  tobacco  for  ex- 
portation. Chi'if  town  Cambridge.,  or  as 
it  was  formerly  called,  Ni'/eiy  Six,  which 
is  60  miles  W  by  N  of  Columbia,  147  N 
W  of  Charleflon,  49  N  of  Augufla  in 
Georgia,  and  76-4  from  Philadelphia.  In 
May  1781  this  town  was  clofely  be- 
iieged  by  Gen.  Greene,  and  bravely  de- 
fended by  the  Britifla,  commanded  by 
■Col.  Ciuger.      See  Sout/j  Carolina. 

Nipcgon,  a  large  river  which  empties 
into  L  Superior,  from  the  N.  It  leads  to 
a  tribe  of  the  Chippewas,  who  inhabit 
near  a  lake  of  the  fame  name,  which  lies 
about  half  way  between  L.  Superior  and 
Albany  River.  Not  far  from  the  Nipe- 
gon  is  a  Imall  river,  which,  jufi:  before  it 
enters  the  lake,  has  a  perpendicular  fall, 
f^om  the  top  of  a  mountain  of  6co  feet. 
It  is  very  narrow,  appears  like  a  white 
garter  fufpended  in  the  air. 

Nipif/gLit  Bay.  A  louthem  projetSlion 
of  Chaieuf  Bay  is  fo  called.  The  river 
of  this  name  falls  into  it  from  the  S  W, 
by  a  broad,  bay  like  mouth. 

Nipijjing  Lake  is  N  E  of  I^.  Huron,  and 
connected  with  it  by  French  River. 

Niprjpns.  Indians  inhabiting  near  the 
head  waters  of  the  Ottawas  river.  War- 
rior'*, 300. 

Nijao,  a  river  which  rifes  in  the  centre 
of  the  ifland  ni  St.  Domingo,  and  falls  in- 
to the  lea  on  the  S  iide,  7  leagues  W  of 
Nigua  River, 

Nifqueunia,   OX    Nejiighmji,    a  fcttlement 

f)n  the  Mohawk  River,  betw4.cn  Albany 
and  Schcnedtady.  It  is  the  principal  Itat 
of  the  fociety  called  SLuhrs. 

NHtariy  Mountain,  in  Pennlylvania,  is 
between  the  Juniatta  and  the  V*'  branch 
of  Sufquehannah  Rivtr. 

NiVi'rnrAs,  a.  large  bay  at  the  E  end  of 
I,;^ike  Ontario. 

Ni.xontcn,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Carolina, 


and  capital  of  Pafquotank  co. ;  lies  on  i 
northern  water  of  Albemarle  Sound,  and' 
contains  a  court-houfe,  gaol,  and  a  few 
dwelling  houfes.  it  is  s8  miles  N  E  of 
Edenton,  and  468  S  W  of  Philadelphia^ 

Nohldorovgh,  a  townfl-\ip  in  IJncoln  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  in  1788,  and  con- 
tains 804  inhabitants.  It  is  10  miles  S 
E  of  New  Caflle,  and  19*  N  E  of  Bof- 
ton. 

Nwleharcvgh,  a  town  in  Herkemer  co. 
N.  York,  on  the  head  waters  of  Canada 
Creek. 

Nvbfqunjpt,  OX  NUfcufd,  the  N  E  part 
of  Yarmouth,  in  Barnftablc  co.  Maflachu- 
fetts,  where  are  23  fait  works,  which 
make  nearly  5C0  bufliels  of  marine  fait 
yearly,  worth  75  cents  a  bufliel. 

Nochamixen,  a  lownfliip  in  Buck's  co, 
Pennfylvania,  has  846  inhabitants. 

Neddie  s  JJland,  a  fmall,  pleafant  and  fer- 
tile illand  in  Bofton  harbour,  Maffachu- 
fetts.  It  is  about  a  miles  E  N  E  of  the 
town,  on  the  Chelfea  fliore.  It  is  occu- 
pied as  a  farm,  and  yields  large  qiiantiticr 
of  excellent  hay. 

Nodit^ay,  a  river,  or  rather  a  long  bay 
which  communicates  with  James'  Bay,  at 
the  vS  E  extremity  of  Rupert's  River. 

Nogales.     See  Walnut  Hills. 

Noir,  or  Black  Rl'oer,  in  Louifiana,  runs 
fouthward,  and  joins  Rogue  or  Red  river; 
which  fee. 

Noir,  Cape,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Terra  del  Fucgo,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S  lat.  54  30, 
W  long.  73  13. 

Ndir,  Caps,  or  Black  Cape,  on  the  north- 
ern Cde  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is  about  7  league* 
W  N  W  of  Bonaventurc. 

Noix,  IJIe  ou,  or  Nut  Jf.c^  a  fmall  ifle  of 
50  acres,  near  the  Nend  of  L.  Champlain, 
and  within  the  province  of  L.  Canada. 
Here  the  Britifli  had  a  garrifon  of  too 
men.  It  is  about  5  miles  N  N  E  of  the 
mouth  of  La  Cole  River,  20  N  of  Ifle  La 
Motte,  and  12-  or  15  fouthward  of  St. 
John's. 

Nolachucky,  a  river  in  the  eaflern  part 
of  the  State  of  Tcnneflec,  which  runs  W 
S  W  into  French  Broad  River,  about  26 
miles  from  Holfton  River.  Near  the 
b3i»I:s  of  this  river  Greenville  College  is 
eftablillxcJ, 

NoUn  Crsei,  ?  branch  of  Green  River 
in  Kentucky.  The  ia-ud  here  is  of  an  in- 
ferior quality. 

Neman's  Land  Tjlaud  lies  a  little  S  W  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  and  is  about  3  miles 
long:  and  z  broad.     It  belon</s  to  Dukes 


1^0  0 


NOR 


to.  MaiTachufetls.  N  lat.  41  15,  W  long. 
•7x  J. 

Nnmhre  de  Dies,  a  port  to  the  S  S  E  of 
the  cape  to  the  eaftward  of  Porto' Bello, 
on  the  Spanilli  Main,  at  the  cliftance  of 
about  7  leiigues.  It  is  at  the  bottom  of  a 
large  deep  bay,  being  wide  to  the  E  fide 
in  fat.  9  4?  N,  and  long.  78  35  W.  The 
ifiands  called  Baftimentos  are  in  this  bay. 
Large  veOels  feidom  frequent  this  part 
BOW,  although  there  is  from  5  to  8  fathoms, 
end  clean  ground.  Experience  pointed 
out  that  they  were  in  danger  of  founder- 
ing at  anclior,  fuch  is  the  lury  with  which 
the  lea  pours  into  tlie  bay.  Thofe  velTels 
that  now  vi fit  it,  if  their  buiinefs  require 
sny  flay,  prefer  riding  at  the  Baftimentos, 
6r'?.t  Porto  Bfcllo; 

N'mibre  de  Bros,  on  the  W  coaftof  Mex- 
-  ico,  on  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  large 
i'.nd  popuUuiS  town,  a  littic  to  the  north- 
ward of  the  tropic  of  Cancer,  and  ao 
leagues  to"  the  N  of  Gur.dalaxara,  N  lat. 
£3  38,  W  long.  104. 

Nanamr  Lake^  in  N  America,  e:ctends 
from  lat.  60  about  50  miles  N.  Its  width 
is  about  IS  n^i'^s  from  eaft  to  weft.  It 
abounds  with  fine  fifll.  Hsarne, 

Nunefuch;  a  river  of  Cumberland  co. 
Maine.  It  palTe^  to  the  fea  through  the 
town  of  Scarborough ;  and  receives  its 
flame  from  its  extraordinary  frefliets. 

N'jtiefuiJj^  a  harbour  at  the  E  end  of  the 

ifland  of  Antigua.     The  road  is  foul  and 

full  of  rocks  ;  and  it  lias  aot  more  than  6 

Or    8   feet  water,  except   in  one  place, 

V    which  is  very  difficult. 

Noort  Point,  on  the  coaH:  of  Chili,  is 
the  N  point  of  the  bay  or  ywrt  of  Coquim- 
bo  ;  the  other  is  called  Point  Torhigas. 

Noohecvay  ouc  of  the  Ingrahani  lOands, 
faidto  be  the  parent  of  them  all,  fituated 
about  10  leagues  S  W  of  Ooahoona,  Capt. 
Roberts  nam'ed  it  Adams  ;  it  is  the  fame 
which  Capt.  Ingrahani  called  Federal  TJl- 
and.  The  lat.  of  the  body  of  the  ifland  is 
8  58  S,  and  nearly  in  the  f^.me  meridian 
with  Wooapo,  between  140  and  140  10 
W  long,  from  Greenwich.  All  accounts 
<»f  tlu.  natives  c  oncurrcd,  fays  Capt.  Rob- 
crt.4,  in  rep'-clenting  it  as  populous  and 
fruitful,  and  to  have  a  large  bay  with 
good  anchorage. 

Ncilla,  or  K'iig  Geotgcs  Sound,  on  the 
N  W  coaft  of  N.  America,  ts  very  exten- 
ilve.  Thit  part  of  it  wliere  the  fliips  un-. 
dsr  Capt.  Cook  anchored,  lies  in  lat.  49 
,^6  N,  and  long.  12,6  42  W  from  Green- 
wich. Cnpt.  Cook  judged  the  found  to 
•ccnpy  a  degree  and  a  half  in  lat.  and  a 


of  long,  exclufive  of  its  arms  and  branched 
unexplored.  The  whole  found  is  fur- 
rounded  by  high  land,  in  many  places 
broken  and  rugged,  and  in  general  cov- 
ered with  wood  to  the  very  top.  The 
natives  were  numerous  and  were  in  pof- 
feffion  of  iron  and  beads  ;  which  proba- 
bly were  conveyed  to  them  acrofs  the 
continent  from  Hudfon's  Bay.  They  are 
rather  below  the  middle  fize,  and  befmear 
their  bodies  with  red  paint;  but  their  fa- 
ces are  bedaubed  with  various  colours. 
The  Strait  Dc  Fuca  cncompaffes  the  large 
clufler  of  ifiands  among  which  this  found 
is  fituated.  See  Fuca,  Pintard,  Wajblngton 
IJlandi,zn&  No>th  JVcJl  Caaf}.  It  was  for- 
mally taken  pofieiTion  of  by  Lieut.  Pcarre 
of  the  Britifli  navy,  in  1795,  in  the  name 
of  his  Britannic  Majeftv. 

Nurd,  Rio  del,  or  Rio  Bravo.  See  North 
River,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Norfolk,  A  populous  maritime  county  of 
MaiTachufetts,  lately  taken  from  the 
fouthcrn  part  of  Suffolk  co.  at^  lies  to 
the  Ibuthvvard  around  the  towri'ahd  har- 
bour of  B')fton.  It  contains  20  town- 
fliips,  of  v/hich  Dedham  is  the  feat  of  juf- 
tice.     Number  of  inhabitant.",  27,216. 

Norfolk  J  a  populous  county  of  Virginia,' 
bounded  N  by  James' River,  which  di- 
vides it  from  Warwick.  It  contains  7,75^ 
free  inhabitants,  and  4,735  flaves. 

^Nurfoll-,  a  port  of  entry,  poft  town,  and 
feat  of  juftice  in  the  above  co.  on  the  E 
fide  of  Elizabeth  River,  immediately  b*- 
low  the  confluence  of  the  e'iftern  branch. 
It  is  the  moft  confiderable  commercial 
town  in  Virginia.  The  channel  of  the 
river  is  from  350  to  400  yards  wide,  and 
at  common  flood  tides  has  18  feet  water 
up  to  the  tov.n.  The  harbour  is  fafe  and 
ccmr.iodious,  and  large  enough  to  contain 
300  tbips.  It  was  burnt  on  the  iflof  Jan. 
1776.  by  the  Liverpool  man  of  war,  by 
order  of  the  Britifli  g<^i^iior  Lord  Dun- 
more  ;  and  the  Iofs>  amduiijted  to  ;^3co,0oo 
flerling.  It  now  contains  arbbut  500 
dwelling  houfes,  a  court-hOufe,  gaol,  an- 
Kpifcopal  and  Methoi»''fl  church,  a  thea- 
tre, and  an  acadcTiV.  It  contains  4,222 
free  inhabitPUK.*,  and  2,724  fl^vcs.  The 
town  is  oo.frned  by  a  mayor  and  fevera^ 
aldermen.  It  carries  on  a  brilk  tTA(\e  to 
the  V/.  Indies,  Europe,  and  the  different 
States,  and  couftitutcs,  with  Portfmouth, 
which  ftands  011  the  oppofite  fule  of  the 
river,  a  port  ct  entry.  The  exports  for 
one  year,  cndingSept.  30th,  1794., amount- 
ed to  1,660,752  dollar.'?.  A  canal,  of  16 
milee  in  length,  is  now  cutting  from  the  N 

branch 


NOR 


NOR 


branch  of  Albemarle  Sound  in  N.  Caro- 
lina, to  the  waters  of  the  S  branch  of  Eliz- 
■^beth  River.  It  will  communicate  with 
Eh'zabeth  River  9  miles  from  Norfolk, 
Merchant  velTcls  of  the  largefl:  fize  may  go 
within  3  mile  from  the  motithof  the  canal; 
and  here  the  water  beirtg  frefli,  the  uorm, 
which  does  lo  much  damage  to  veifels  in 
Norfolk  and  Portfmouth,  will  not  afFed: 
them.  It  is  114  miles  E  S  E  of  Rich- 
mond, 54  from  Williamlburg^  30  N  E  of 
Suffolk,  and  389  S  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 
N  lat.  3655,  W  long,  76  28. 

Norfolk,  a  townlliip  in  Litchfield  co, 
Conneifticut,  ij  miles  N  of  Litchfield  on 
the  MafTachufetts'  line.  It  ha*  1749  in- 
habitants. 

Nurfulk  County,  in  U.  Canada,  is  bound- 
ed on  the  N  and  E  by  the  co.  of  Lincoln 
and  the  river  Thames,  on  the  W  by  L. 
Erie,  until  it  meets  the  Barbue,  (called 
the  Orwell  River)  thence  by  a  line  running 
N  16  degrees  weft  until  it  interfedls  the 
Thames,  and  thence  up  the  faid  river 
until  it  meets  the  N  W  boundary  of  the 
CO,  of  York.  Smyth. 

Ncrman,  Cape,  oxi  the  W  ccafl  of  New- 
foundland Ifiand,  is  oil  the  gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, and  the  W  entrance  of  the  narrow- 
bay  of  Mauco,  20  leagues  from  Cape  Fer- 
rol.  N  lat.  51  39,  W.  long.  S5  58.  High 
water  at  full  and  change  at  9  o'clock. 

IsForonba  T/land,  Ferdinaitdo,  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  laid  down  in  lat.  3  56  S, 
and  long.  32  38  W.  Capt.  Cook,  in  his 
Tecond  voyage,  locked  for  it  in  long.  Z'^  $■, 
but  did  not  find  it. 

Ncrridgeivoch,  a  pofi:  town  In  Kennebeck 
CO.  on  Kennebeck  river,  Maine,  incorpo- 
rated in  1788,  and  contains  633  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  lO  miles  W  of  Canaan,  35  N  W 
of  Augufta.  The  Indian  town  of  this 
name  lfo<:d  about  40  miles  above  Fort  , 
Halifax,  where  Kennebeck  R.  as  you  af- 
cend  it,  after  taking  a  S  W  courfe,  turns 
to  the  N,  and  forms  a  point  where  the 
town  ftood.  It  was  dtftroycd  by  a  party 
under  Col.  Harman  in  1724. 

Noriiton  or  Norrijloriy  the  principal  town 
in  Montgomery  co.  Pennfylvania,  is  about  i 
%o  miles  N  VV  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  N 
bank  of  the  Schuylklli,  having  about  30 
eompadt  houles,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol, 
r.ud  a  handfome  edifice  of  ftone  for  the 
prefervatioa  of  records,  and  an  obfcrva- 
tory.  Th's  tov.n  has  9x2  inhabitants, 
and  was  the  refidcnce  of  that  celebrated 
philolbpher  and  pliiianthropift,Dr.  Duv'id 
R'lttenh.Aife,  In  his  Obfervatory,  nc.r  his 
manfion  houfe,  he  was  interred,  agreca- 


bly  to  his  requeft,  June,  17  96.  His  tomb- 
ftone  contains  nothing  but  his  name  and 
the  fimple  record  of  the  days  and  years 
of  his  birth  and  death.  "  Here,  (favs  the 
elegant  writer  of  his  eulogy.  Dr.  Rujh) 
fliall  thephilofophcrs  of  future  ages  refort 
to  do  homage  to  his  tomb,  and  children 
yet  unborn  ihall  point  to  the  dome  which 
covers  it,  and  exultingly  fay,  "  There  lies 
our   PJttenboufcr 

North    yh/ierica    comprehends  all  that 
part  of  the  continent  of  America  which 
lies  N  of  the  ifthmus  of  Darien,  extending 
N  and  S  from  about  the  loth  dcg.  of  N 
lat.    to   the   North    Pole  ;  and  E  and  W 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the   Pacific  Ocean, 
between   the  57th  and  168th  dcg.   of  W 
long,  from  Greenwich.     Beyond  the  70th 
degree  N  lat.  few  difcoverics  have  beea 
made.     North  America  was  difcovercd  in 
1495,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  by  John 
Cabot,  a  Venetian  ;  and  was  then  thickly 
inhabiced  by  Indians.     It  is  now  fuppofed 
that  there  are  not  more  than  two  miliions 
and  an  half  of  the  aborigines  in  N.  and 
S.  America.      In  July,  1779,  Capt.  Cook, 
and  fince    Capt.  Vancouver   and    many 
others,  have  explored  and   dtfcribed  the 
weftern  coaft  of  N.  America.     1'he  former 
proceeded  as  far  as  lat.  7  i,  when  he  came 
ro  a  folid  body  of  ice  from  continent  to 
continent.      The    interior    country    ha« 
been  explored   by  MelTrs.   Hcarne  and 
Mackenzie.  The  former  went  northward 
to  the  Frozen  Ocean  at  the  mouth  of  Cop- 
permine River.     I'he  latter  embarked  at 
Fort  Chepewyan   on  the    S  of  the  Lake 
of  the  Hills,  in  lat.  58    40   N,   long,   no 
3®  W,  in  June,  1789,  in  a  canoe  of  birch 
bark,  with  10  aflbciates,  3  of  whom  were 
in  another  canoe.     His  courfe  was  norrh- 
wefterly    to    feek    the    Frozen    Ocean. 
Mountains  and  vallies,  dreary  waftes  and 
wide  fprcading  forefts,  lakes   and  rivers, 
fncceed   each  other  in  his    deferlptions. 
Very  I'mall  bands  of  wandering  fav.Toes 
were   the    only    people    he    difcovered. 
After  leaving  the  Lake  of  the  Hills,  he 
entered  tiie  Slave  River,  from  which  he 
palled  to  the  Slave  Lake,  a   large   body 
of  frefii  water,  in  about  lat.  61  and  62  N, 
and  long,  no  to   120   W.     The  country 
round  wears  a  barren  afpedl.bu:  produces 
a  great  variety  of  berries,  and  is  covered 
with  large  trees  of  Ipruce-pine  and  white 
birch.  Where  thefc  are  deftroyed, poplars 
fuccccd,  thouoh  none  were  fecn   before. 
From  this  lake   he  entered  Mackenzie's 
River,  a  deep  and  fpacious  ftream.     Oa 
it*  banks  he  found  encampmeiits  of  Knif- 

ttyxeaifx 


NOR 


NOR 


Ceneaux  Indians.  This  wandering  trii^e 
fpread  over  a  vafl  extent  of  country. 
Ihtir  I^.nguagc  is  the  fame  as  that  of  the 
natives  on  the  waters  of  the  St.  X>avvrence 
and  tJie  coaft.  of  Labrador.  They  are  of 
a  moderate  ftaturc,  well  proportioned  and 
acSlivc.  Their  dreis  is  fimple,  countenance 
open,  and  eyes  black,  'i'heir  women  are 
the  moft  comely  of  f.ivagcs,  and  not  inat- 
tentive to  their  own  perlbus,  but  flill  pay 
more  attention  to  the  decoration  of  the 
men.  '1  hele  people  are  affable,  indulgent 
to  their  cliildren,  and  hofpitable  to  ftran- 
■  gcrs.  Chaflity  they  cohlider  not  as  a 
virtue  ;  they  make  temporary  exchanges 
of  wives,  and  a  profilr  of  them  to  flran- 
gers  is  a  p.n-t  of  their  hofpitality ;  inctft 
and  bcftiality  arc  not  uncommon.  At 
their  funerals  the  mourners  cut  otT  their 
hair,  lacerate  their  flelli.  blacken  their 
faces  ;  and  widows,  as  in  the  Eafl,  fome- 
tiniesfacrifice  thevufelves.  Smoking  pre- 
cedes all  matters  of  importance.  'I'his 
facred  rite  leides  all  dificrences  between 
contending  pcrfons  ;  it  is  never  violated. 
>Jo  perfon  may  join  in  this  folenvn  act, 
who  has  cohabited  with  a  woman  within 
34  hours — he  "is  nnclean." 

After  proceeding  down  this  river  to 
lat.  69  i  N,  and  about  long.  134  W,  he 
reached  the  tide  waters  of  the  Frozen 
Ocean  ;  but  in  the  middle  of  July  was  for- 
bidden to  proceed  any  further  by  cxten- 
iive  fields  of  :cc,and  returned  to  Chepew- 
van  Fe»ft,  having  been  ahfent  102  days, 
in  October,  1792,  he  proceeded  on  a 
voyage  to  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  From 
the  Lake  of  the  Hills  he  afcended  the 
Peace  River,  which  in  the  dr iefi  feafon  is 
a  qi'.arter  of  a  mile  in  breadth  ;  the  foil 
on  each  fide  is  low  and  rich.  Like  oth- 
er unchrifti:uiizeti  people,  the  Indians  on 
tiiis  river  prae^ife  polygamy.  The  wo- 
men ere  in  the  lowefl  fi'te  of  dtbafement ; 
mure  indecent  and  filthy  than  the  mt^. 
The  females  perform  all  the  drudgery  al- 
lotled  ro  brutes  in  civilized  fociety,  ex- 
cepting vvhat  aid  they  receive  from  a  few 
fmali  dog.;.  While  the  men  carry  nothing 
but  a  gua,  their  wives  and  daughters  follow 
v.'hh  inch  oppreffivc  burdens,  that  if  they 
}ay  them  cuu-n  dicy  are  unal^  to  raife 
them  a;ialn.  This  help  the  men  will  not 
*lcignto  lend  them  ;  thry  often,  therefore, 
Icnnaj^ninfta  tree  Ibr  a  partial,  temporary 
relief.  Tl^efc  people  are  total  ftrangcrs  to 
the  moil  fintple  remedies  in  time  of  fick- 
nefs.  At  their  fnncrals,  among  other  ex- 
travagant tokens  of  grief,  the  females, 
for  the  dearth  of  a  f:ivourite  foi',  or  huf- 


band,  or  father,  fomctimes  cur  ofFa  fingef 
at  the  firfi  joint.  Some  of  the  old  women 
have  not  a  whole  finger  on  either  hand. 
The  property  of.  the  perfon  dtceafed  is 
all  dcffroyed,  that  the  fight  of  things  con- 
nected with  him,  may  not  renew  their 
grief.  Thefc  favages  arc  gre«t  gamefters, 
purfuing  the  buQnefs  fomctimes  for  afuc- 
cefiion  of  days  and  nights. 

In  the  mountains  which  feparate  the 
waters  of  the  Atlpdntic  and  Pacific  Oceans,, 
are  feveral  chafms,  which  emit  fmokc  and 
fire  with  a  fulphureous  fmell.  Finding 
the  ftrcams  of  the  weft  did  not  tend  di- 
rcdtly  to  the  fea,  Mr.  Mackenzie  proceed- 
ed by  land  for  a  confidcrable  time,  find- 
ing in  general  a  tolerable  road  or  path 
mnde  by  the  favages.  As  he  advanced 
nearer  the  ocean,  the  fettlements  of  the 
natives  were  more  numerous  and  perma- 
nent ;  the  manner  of  living  mere  com- 
fortable, the  flate  of  fociety  fomewhat  im- 
proved :  men  took  a  fliare  in  domeftic 
labours,  and  women  were  more  rcfpedted. 
Architecture  was  improved  ;  painting  and 
carving  had  made  fome  progrefs.  The 
timber  of  a  houfe  w^as  fecn  hewn  on  two 
fides;  theend  of  the  ridge-pole  was  carved 
in  the  form  of  a  fuake's  head  ;  the  infidc  of 
feveral  buildings  were  decorated  withpain- 
ted  hieroglyphics.  In  fome  of  their  villages 
are  temples  fupportcd  by  pillars,  carved 
in  the  fliape  of  men.  Thtfe  are  painted 
black  and  red.  Tlieir  waters  are  ftored 
with  falmon,  and  they  hofpitably  invite' 
the  ftranger  to  lliare  in  their  plenty :  a 
variety  of  berries  enrich  the  fcaft.  Cop- 
per, iron  and  brafs  are  frequently  feen 
near  the  fea,  which  the  natives  had  par- 
chafed  of  European  fiiips.  The  foil  is 
good;  alder  trees  are  7^  feet  in  circum- 
ftrence  and  40  feet  without  a  branch  :, 
cedars  are  24  feet  in  circumference  and 
proportionally  high.  Willows,  fprucc, 
birch,  and  hemlock  are  common.  Their 
canoes  of  cedar  ca:rry  ^o  perfons.  In 
fome  inftances,  when  a  perfon  dies  he  l» 
buried  till  another  of  the  family  fliali  de- 
ceafe,  then  he  is  taken  up  and  burned, 
and  the  oth~r  perfon  laid  in  the  fame 
grave.  They  believe  in  a  good  and  evil 
Spirit,  and  have  feai'ons  for  public  ar.d 
private  worlhip.  In  lat.  52  21  3^^  and  Ion. 
128  2  W,  Mr.  Mackenzie  reached  tlic 
great  Pacific  Ocean,  and  with  vcrmillron 
infcribed  on  the  fide  of  a  rock  by  the 
fljore — 

■'  A/cxa/iJ'cr  Iid'ucicfizle,yfcm  Canada  by  land,. 

the  titcnty-fccoiid ofjuly,  cnc  ihoufaud 

'  fcvenhundrcdand  n'mcty-thrc!." 

'       Tb- 


NOR 


NOR 


The  vaft  tract  of  country,  lying  on  the 
^Pacific  Ocean,  and  N  W  of  the  U.  States, 
extending  as  far  N  as  the  country  is  hab- 
itable, is  inhabited  chiefly  by  various  na- 
tions and  tribes  of  Indians.  TI;e  Indians 
alio  poffefs  large  tradts  of  country  •^vichin 
the  Spatiifl],  American,  and  Britifli  do- 
minions. Thofe  parts  of  N.  America, 
jaot  inhabited  by  Indians,  belong  (if  we 
include  Grc.nliind)  to  Denmark,  Great 
Britain,  the  American  States,  and  Spain. 
Spain  claims  the  Floridas,  New  TvTcxico 
and  California.  Great  Britain  claims  all 
she  country  inhabited  by  Eurcpeans,  ly- 
ing N  and  E  of  the  U.  gcates,  except 
Greenland,  which  belongs  to  Denmark. 
Ilie  remaining  part,  incliidiiig  Louifiana, 
is  the  territory  of  the  U.  States.  The 
particular  provinces  and  State*  are  ex- 
hibited in  the  following 

r    ABLE. 


Be- 
long 
to 


Countries,  Prozr- 

iih-es,  and 

States. 


eft  Greenland, 


about 


x] 


h'umbcr  of 
Inhabit- 
ants. 

10,000 

unknown 

80,000 

150,000 

7,000 

I,Q00 


do.      35,000 


I^Ncw  Britain 
w  j  Upper  Canada         about 

c.  j  Lower  Canada  do. 
^j  Newfoundland           do. 
o  S  Cape  Breton  Ifland    do. 
S'  j  New  Brunfwick 
9  j  Nova  Scotia 

(_St.  John's  Ifland  3'    in    1783,    5,000 

["Vermont  in  1800       154,465 

j  New  HampHiire 

iMaflachufetts        ") 
D\{[-\a.  of  Maine]' 

j  Rhode  Ifland 

J  Conncfflicut 

j  New  York 

j  New  Jerfcy 
C  J  Pennlylvanla 
•^  j  Delaware 
^     Maryland 
S'       V  ir<Tinia 

d.  ^  Kentucky 
2..  j  North  Carolina 
I"  j  South  Carolina 
M   j  Georgia 
2  I  TennefTee 

j  Ohio 

Wavne  Cinintv,  a  diflincl")  ,  / 

'  f^  -  '  >■  do,    3,206 

Govtrnirrent  j  ■^ 

Indiana  Tcrritorv,  N  W>   ,       ^ 

C  fW       T>-  r    do.    6,407 

of  Ohio  River  j  ^    ' 

MiiTillppi  Territory        do.  8,840 

Louifiana,  lately  pur- 7  ^    .,     .- 
^chafed  by  the  U.  States.  J  ^^^  "'■^"""- 


do. 
do. 

183,858 
422,845 

do. 
do. 

151,719 
69,122 

do. 

do. 

257,002 
5  86. 050 

do. 
do. 

do. 

211,149 

<''02,545 
6-^,273 

do. 
do. 

349>f'92 
886.149 

do. 
do. 

220,929 
478,103 

do. 

do. 

34«r.9co 
162,686 

do. 

105,602 

do. 

4i»i59 

tn  pEaft  Florida  urU^nowR 

I  I  Weft  Florida  do. 

•  <(  New  Mexico  do. 

0      Cr.lifornla  do. 

^  (^Mexico,  or  New  Spain  do. 

Nortbamf'ton^  a  Urge  uneven  county  of 
Pennfylvania  ;  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
State, on  Dclav.-are  River,  which  feparates 
it  from  N.  Jerfev  and  N.  York.  It  is  di- 
vided into  27  townfliips,  and  contains 
30,062  inhabitants. 

Northon/pton^  a  tov,'nf!iip  in  Buck's  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  942  inhabitants. 

Ncriharaptony  a  town  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  on  the  S  W  bank  of 
Lehigh  River,  5  or  6  miics  S  W  of  Beth- 
lehem.    It  has  573  inhabitants. 

NortL.:niptor,  a  CO.  of  Halifax  diftrl^Sl, 
N,  Carolina,  bounded  N  by  the  State  of 
Virginia,  containing  12,331  inhabitsnts, 
including  6,206  flaves. 

Ncrthampton,  a  maritime  co.  of  Virgin- 
ia, on  the  point  of  the  peninfu'.a,  which 
forms  the  E  ^x^c  of  the  entrance  into 
Chefapeak  Bay.  It  has  the  ocean  E,  and 
Accomack  county  on  the  N.  Its  fouth- 
ern  extremity  is  Cape  Charles,  in  lat.  37 
n  N,  and  Ion,';.  75  57  W,  ofF  which  is 
the  fmall  ifland  called  Smith's  lilai^d. 
This  county  contains  3,585  free  ir.habit- 
ants,  and  3,178  flaves.  The  lands  are  low 
and  fandy. 
orihamj 

CO.  where  a  poPt  ofTire  is  ktpt,  is  ^o  miles 
S  by  W  of  Accomack  court  houfc,  43  N 
E  of  Norfolk,  and  239  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Northampton^  a  rcfpe61:ablc  pofl:  tov/n 
and  capita!  of  Planr.plhlrc  co.  JMstfTachu- 
fctts,  litUcUed  within  a  bend  of  ConnccTti- 
rut  river,  on  its  W  Cde,  40  miles  N  of 
Hartford,  and  97  W  of  Bofton.  It  con- 
tains a  fpacious  congregational  church,  a 
court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about  250d\vel!ing- 
houfes,  many  of  which  are  handfome 
liui'ldhigs.  Its  meadows  are  extcnlive  and 
fertile;  and  it  carries  on  a  confiderable 
inh^nd  trade.  This  townfliip  was  incor- 
porated in  16S5,  and  contains  2,190  in- 
habitants. 

Northampton,  a  tov.'nfliip  in  Burlington 
CO.  N.Jerfcy,  which  contains  r\hout  56,000 
acres,  half  of  which  is  under  improve- 
ment, the  ctHcj  half  h  nioflly  pine  barren. 
'J^ie  chief  pi  rice  in  tiie  to'.vnfliip  ii  called 
Mount  Holly.'"  It  contains  about  150 
houfes,  ail  Epifcopal  eiuirch,  a  Friend's 
meeting-'noufe,  and  a  market-houfc.  It  is 
22  miles  from  Trenton,  and  20  from  Phil- 
adelphia.    See  i!ioi'/7/  Hollw 

Narthl'ovr.:gh,  a  townUiip  \a  Vrorccftcr 

CO. 


NOR 


N  Q  R 


eo.  Maffachufett?,  formerly  the  northern 
pare  of  Weftborough.  It  was  incorpora- 
ted in  i-j^o.Rnd  contain?  69*0  inhabitants. 
It  is  ro  miles  ^  of  Worccilcr,  and  36  W 
of  Bo  Ron. 

Ncrtbbridge,  ?.  townfliip  \\\  Worctfler 
CO.  MafTachufetts,  taken  from  Uxhrjd;.^e, 
which  bound?  it  on  tlic  H  It  was  incor- 
porated In  1772, and  contains  544  inhab- 
itants. Blackfl:one  Rivei;  nius  through 
this  town.  It  is  \  %  miles  S  by  E  of  Wor- 
cefter,  and  45  S  W  of  liufton. 

N.!rth  CatoUnay  onp  of  the  U.  StateSj  is 
bounded  N  by  Virginia  ;  E  by  the  Atlan- 
tic Occsn;  S'by  sl  Carolina,  and  W  by 
the  State  of  Tenncffce.  It  lies  between 
22,  5c  and  %6  30  N  lat.  .-'.nd  between  76 
8  and  83  8  \V  long,  being  about  450  miles 
in  length,  and  180  in  breadth,  containing 
about  34,000  fquare  miles.  The  diftritSs 
of  this  Sta^e  are  chfled  in  3  divifions, 
viz.  The  Eaf.crn  diftridts,  Fy.ftntnn,  jV>w- 
hern  and  fFilmh^t.n— the  M'Mle  diftridls, 
Fayeite'v'ille,  Jlilljhorough.  and  Halifax — and 
the  Wcjltrn  diftricis,  Morgan  and  Sal'Jhury. 
The  caftern  diftricls  are  on  the  fea-coafl, 
extending  from  the  Virginia  line  fputh- 
■ward  to  S.  Carolina.  The  five  others 
cover  the  whole  State,  W  cf  the  maritime 
diflricTts ;  and  the  greater  part  of  them  ex- 
tend acrofs  the  State  from  N  to  S.  Thcfe 
diftritfls  are  fubdividcd  into  58  counties, 
which  contain  478,103  inhabitants,  of 
whom  133,^96  are  flaves.  The  chief  r/^rrj 
of  N.Caroli^ia  r,re  Chpwan  and  its  branch- 
es, Rn3npke,Tar,Ntu?,and  Cape  Fear  or 
Clarendon.  7\4<)ft  of  thcie  and  the  fmaller 
rivers  have  bars  nt  their  montjis ;  and 
the  coaft  furnifl^e'?  no  good  harbours  ex- 
cept Cape  Eenr.  Thereare  aremarka[)ie 
fu'Qnrps  in  this  State,  the  one  in  Curri- 
tuck CO.  the  other  on  the  line  between 
this  State  and  Virginia.  Sec  Currituck 
County,  and  lYifntaL  The  mod  remarkable 
founds  arc  Alliemar'e,  Panilico  and  Core 
.Sounds — the  f/?^*;,!  ookout,Hatteras  and 
Fear;  which  arc  defcrihcd  Tender  their 
refpciTlive  nr-.mes.  Newbtrn  i.^  the  lar- 
gefl:  town  in  the  State;  the  other  towiis 
of  nore  arc  Edcnton,  Wilmington,  Hali- 
fax, Hi'lfborough,  Salifonry  and  Fayette- 
villc  ;  each  of  v/h'fh  have  beeii,,  in  their 
turns,  tliC  feat  of  the  general  aflemhly 
Raleigh,  fitiiatcd  near  the  centr^;  of  the 
St^te,  lus  lately  been  eftablinatd  as  the 
metropolis,  and  here  the  U.nivcrfity  of 
the  State  is  cft.'.bli Hud.  N-  Carolina,  in 
its  v.-ho!c  width,  for  60  rpilles  from  the 
fea,  is  a  dead  level.  A  great  proportion 
cf  this  tract  liu  in  I'orcft,  and  ia  barren. 


On  th<?  banks  of  fonic  cf  tfic  river«,  par%, 
ticularly  of  the  Roanoke,  the  land  is  fer- 
tile and  good.  Interfperfed  through  th? 
other  parts  arc  glades  of  rich  fwamp, 
and  ridges  of  oak  land,  of  a  black;  ferti!^ 
foil.  Sixty  or  80  miles  from  the  fea,  th^ 
country  rifes  into  hills  and  mountains,  as 
in  S.  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats  and  flax,  grow  well  ia 
the  back  billy  country.  I-ndian  corn  and 
puife  of  all  kinds,  in  all  parts.  Cotton 
and  hemp  :^rc  aifo  confiderabiy  cultivated, 
here,  and  might  be  raifed  in  mych  great- 
er plenty.  The  cotton  is  planted  yearly  : 
The  flalk  dies  Avith  the  froft-  The'  labour 
of  one  man  will  produce  loco  pounds  in 
the  feeds,  or  250  fit  for  manufacturing. 
The  labour  of  a  man  and  horfe  will  pro- 
duce 700  bulliels  of  Indian  corn  annually;. 
Vines  flourifli  here,  and  promife  to  be  an 
article  of  prolit.  The  wine  is  not  infe- 
rior to  Port.  A  great  proportion  of  the 
produce  of  the  back  country,  confifling 
of  tobacco,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  &c.  is  car- 
ried to  market  in  S.  Carolina  and  Virgin- 
ia. The  fouthern  interior  counties  carry, 
their  produce  to  Charleflon,  and  the 
northern  to  Peterfourg,  in  Virginia.  The 
exports  fron>  the  lower  partr,  of  the  State 
arc  tar,  pitch,  turpentine,  rofin,  Indian 
corn,  boards,  fcantling,  flaves,  fliingles, 
furs,  tobacco,  pork,  lard,  tallow,  bees-wax, 
myrtle-wax,  and  a  few  other  articles, 
amounting  in  the  year  ending  Sept.  30th, 
1791,  to  524,548  dollars  ;  in  i8or,  to, 
659,390  dollars.  Tlieir  trade  is  chiefly 
with  the  "^'efl:  Indies  and  tlie  northern, 
States.  In  tl)c  flat  country  near  the  fta- 
coaft,  the  inhabitants,  during  the  fummer 
and  autumn,  are  fubjecft  to  intermitting 
fevers,  which  often  prove  fatal,  as  bilious 
or  nervous  fymptoms  prevail.  The  weft- 
em  hilly  parts  of  the  State  are  as  healthy 
as  any  part  of  America.  That  country, 
is  fertile,  full  of  fprings  and  rivulets  of 
pure  water.  Autumn  is  very  pleafant, 
both  in  regard  to  the  temperatnrc  and 
ferenity  of  the  weather,  and  the  richnefs 
and  Variety  of  the  vegetable  prudij'IVions, 
which  the  fc-'foiia/Toras.  The  winters  are' 
fo  mils?  in  fo^ie  years,  that  autumn  may 
be  faid  to  continue  till  fpring-.  Wheat 
harvcfl:  is  in  the  beginnWjg  of  June,  and 
that  of  Indian  corn  early  m  September. 
Hie  large  natural  growth  of  the  plains^ 
in  tl-.e  low  country,  is  almofl:  univcrfally 
pitcli-pinc,  which  is  a  tall  handfome  tree, 
far  fuperior  to  the  pitch-pine  of  the  nor- 
thern States.  This  tree  may  be  called 
the  ftaplc  commodity  of  N.  Carolina.     It 


NOR 


N  OR 


fiRbrds  pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  and  various  i 
kinds  of  lumber,  which,  together,  confti-  ; 
tute  at  leaftone  half  of  the  exports  of  this  ; 
State.     No  country  produces  finer  white  I 
and  red  oak   for  ftaves.      The  fwamps  | 
abound  with  cyprefs  and  bay  trees.     The  i 
latter  is  an  evergreen,  and  is  food  for  the  | 
cattle  in  winter.  The  Mifsletoe  is  common  I 
in  the  middle  country.     This  is  a  fhrub,  '< 
which  differsinkind,perhaps, from  all  oth-  > 
crs.    It  never  grows  out  of  the  earth,  but  ' 
on  the  tops  of  trees.     The  roots  (if  they  ; 
may  be  fo  called)  run  under  the  bark  of 
the  tree,  and  incorporate  with  the  wood.  I 
It  is  an  evergreen,  refembling  the  garckn  j 
box-wood.     In  many  parts  are  found  gin-  j 
feng,  Virginia  and  Seneca  fnake-root, far-  j 
faparilla,  and  other  medical  plants  and  ! 
roots.     The  late  war,  by  which  N.  Caro- 
lina  was  greatly  Injured,  put  a  ftop  to 
feveral  iron  works.     There  are  4  or  5  j 
furnaces  in  the  State,  that  are  in  blaft, 
and  a  proportionablp  number  of  forges.    ! 
In  the  maritime  diftridls  the  prevailing  ' 
religions  are  the  Epifcopalian  and  Metl^-  1 
odift.     The  wcflern  parts  of  this  State,  ; 
which  have  been  fettled  within  the  laft  j 
40  years,  arc  chiefly  inhabited  by  Prefby-  i  | 
tcrians  from  Pennfylvania,  the  defcend-  jl 
ants  of  people  from  the  North  of  Ireland,  ! 
and  are  exceedingly  attached  to  the  doc-  | 
trines,  difcipline  and  ufagcs  of  the  church  I 
of  Scotland.     They  arc  a  regular  and  in-  j 
duftrioiis  people.     The  Moravians  have  j 
feveral  flourifliing  fettlements  in  the  up-  j 
per  part  of  the  State.     The  Friends  or  ' 
Quakers  have  a  fettlement  in  New  Gar-  t 
den  jn   Guilford  co.  and  feveral  congre-  [I 
gations  at   Pcrquimins  and  Pafquotank.  ! ' 
The  Mtthcdifts  and  Baptifts  are  nume-  ij 
rous  and  incrcafing.    The  General  Affem-  i 
biy  of  N.  Carolina,  in  Dec.  1789,  pafTed  | 
a  law  incorporating  40  gentlemen,  5  from  j 
each  Jiftrii.4.  as  truftees  of  the  Univerfity  ! 
of  N.   Carolina.     The    State    has   given  i 
handfome  donations   for  the  cndi)wment  ; 
of  this  feminary.    The  General  AlTembly,  | 
in  Dec.  17 91,  loaned  £sPOO  to  the  truf-  ! 
tees,  to  enable  them  to  proceed  immedi-  i 
ately  with  their   buildings.     There  is  a 
very  good  academy  at  Warrcnton,  anoth-  j 
cr  in  Williamfborough,  in  GranvHlp,  and 
3  or  4  others  in  the  State,  of  coniiderablc  I 
note.     North  Carolina  has  had  a  rapid  ! 
growth.     In  the  year   17 10,  it  contained  ; 
but  about  1200  fenfible  men.     In    1794,1 
the  number  waseOimated  at  about  50,000.  j 
it    is  now,  in  point  of  number>,  tlie  fifth  | 
Stare  in  the  Union.     By  the  confbtutinn  \ 
,#f  this  State,  which  was  ratified  in  Dec. 


1796,  all  Icgiflative  authority  is  veiled  in 
two  diflindl  branches,  both  dependent  on 
the  people,  viz.  a  Senate  and  Houfe  of 
Commons,  which,  when  convened  for 
bufincfs,  are  ftyled  the  General  Allcmbly. 
Thefeuatc  is  compofed  of  reprcfentatives, 
I  from  each  co.  chofen  annually  by  bal- 
lot. The  houfe  of  commons  coniifts  of 
reprcfentatives  chofen  in  the  fame  way, 
a  for  each  county,  and  one  for  each  of 
the  town?  of  Edenton,Nevvbern,  Wilming- 
ton, Salifbury,  Hilllborough,  Halifax,  and 
Fayetteville.  Tlie  hiftory  of  N.  Carolina 
is  lefs  known  than  that  of  any  other  of  the 
St<ites.  From  thebcft  accounts  that  hiflory 
afibrds  the  firfl;  permanent  fcttlement  in 
N.  Carolina  was  made  about  the  year 
17 10,  by  a  number  of  Palatines  from 
Germany,  who  had  been  reduced  to  cir- 
cumftances  of  great  indigence,  by  a  ca- 
lamitous war.  The  infant  colony  re- 
mained under  tJie  general  government  of 
S.  Carolina,  til]  about  the  year  1729,  when 
7  of  the  proprietors,  for  a  valuable  con- 
fideration,  vefted  their  property  and  ju- 
rifdidlion  in  the  crown  ;  and  the  colony 
was  eredied  into  a  leparate  province,  by 
the  name  of  N.  Carolina,  and  its  prcfent 
limits  cftablillied  by  an  order  of  George  11. 
North  Cojlle,  a  townfliip  of  Weft  Cheaer 
CO.  N.  York,  N  of  Mount  Pleafant,  and 
the  White  Plains  on  the  borders  of  Con* 
nedlicut.    It  contains  1,168  inhabitants. 

North  Eajly  a  fmall  river  which  empties 
in  at  the  head  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  about  5 
miles  below  Charlcflown;  only  noticeable 
for  the  quantity  of  herrings  caught  in  it. 

Notth  Eaji  Tozvn,  in  Dutchels  co.  Ne\r 
York,  about  90  miles  N  of  N.  York  city  ; 
between  Rhynhcck  and  Connedticut  weft 
line.     It  contains  ^^'^S'^  inhabitants. 

North  Ed'ijio  Inlets  on  the  coaft-of  South, 
Carolina,  is  11  miles  from  Stono  Inlet, 
and  3  E  N  E  from  South  Edifto. 

North  End,  Matthev/'s.county,  Virginia, 
Here  is  a  port  oflice,  185  miles  fiom 
Wafliington. 

Northern  Indians^  thofc  wandering  tribes 
which  inhabit  that  region  of  N.  America, 
which  lies  between  lat.  59  and  68  N,  be- 
ing 500  miles  wide,  bounded  E  by  Hud- 
fon's  Bay,  W  by  the  country  of  tlie  Ath- 
apufcow  Indians;  by  Churchill  R.  S,  and 
by  the  Dogribbed  and  Copper  Indians  N. 
In  their  perfons  they  arc  generally  above 
the  common  fi/e,  ftrongbut  not  corpulent. 
They  are  neither  active  nor  lively  in  their 
difpofitions.  They  have  very  low  fore- 
heads, fmall  cyc^y  high  cheek  bones,  Ro- 
man nofes,  full  cheeks, and  generally  long, 

broad 


NOR 


NOR 


rbroAd  china.  They  have  3  or  4  parallel 
'flrokcs  marked  black  on  each  check. 
They  are  moroie,  covetous  and  ungrate- 
ful. Always  pleading  poverty,  they  arc 
mafters  of  deception.  When  they  viiu 
the  E.ngliih  faftorles,  to  ol>i;iin  their  vvifli- 
e?,  they  will  groan,  figh,  and  flicd  tears, 
affccTt  to  be  lame,  blind,  bathe  one  check 
,  in  tears,  while  the  other  exhibits  A  fignif- 
icant  fmile.  The  leafi  reipc*5l  renders 
them  intolerably  infolent.  They  will  dif- 
guifc  their  pcrlons,  change  their  carncF, 
iud  i'uborn  falfc  witnefres  to  evade  the 
payment  of  an  honeft  debt.  Still  they 
have  fome  good  qualities  \  being  mild, 
temperate  in  drinking,  never  guilty  oi' 
riot  and  violence.  Their  jiiarriages  are 
not  attended  with  any  ceremony-  The: 
women  have  no  choice,  but  are  betrothed 
by  their  parents  in  childhood.  Men  40 
ycj'rs'old  often  have  wives  10  or  12,  A 
•man  has  as  many  wives  aq  he  pleafes,  who 
perforin  all  the  drudgery,  and  hardeft  la- 
bour. The  men  are  jealous,  and  divorces 
are  common.  The  only  ceremony  for 
this  is  a  drubbing,  Jiud  turning  the  woman 
.out  of  doors.  There  are  certain  periods 
^■hen  the  women  arc  not  allowed  to 
..dwcU  in  the  fame  tent  with  their  huf- 
bands.  At  thofe  times  they  are  obliged 
to  build  a  fmall  hovel  for  themfelvcs. 
•  The  vomen  fometimes  turn  this  cuftom 
to  their  account  :  when  they  wifli  to 
"leave  their  hufbands,  they  have  only,  as 
h  neceffary  at  thofe  periods,  to  creep  un- 
der the  eve?  of  the  tent,  for  they  are  not 
allowed  to  pafs  through  the  door.  Some- 
times a  woman  will  fo  leave  her  huiband 
for  4  or  5  days,  two  or  three  times  in  a 
mtmth.  Delicacy  on  the  part  of  the  huf- 
bands forbids  inquiries.  At  thefe  periods, 
■the  women  may  not  walk  on  the  ice  of  a 
liver  or  lake,  nor  near  the  place  v.'here 
the  men  are  hunting  beaver,  nor  near  a 
Tifliing  net,  which  is  fet,  nor  may  they 
•est  the  head  of  any  animal,  nor  may  they 
walk  in  or  aerofs  \\\c  track  where  the 
head  of  a  deer,  mocfe,  beaver,  and  fevcr- 
^1  other  animals  have  been  drawn  or  car- 
ried. Many  of  thofe  people  boil  their 
.food  in  vefiels  of  birch  hark,  by  eafting 
in  hot  floues,  and  often  for  want  of  wood 
their  meat  and  fiili  are  eaten  raw.  Mag- 
gots, lice  and  blood  arc  among  their  tlain- 
ties.  The  water  and  woods  lurnifli  their 
•fnpport  ;  fiili  and  game  are  plenty.  When 
thefe  faii,  a  black,  hard  mofs  from  the 
rocks  is  a  fubfbtute.  I'his  is  boiled, 
rnd  affords  comfortable  nourifl5ment. 
Their  principal  dlfcafes  are  tlw;  fcurvy, 


confuHfiption,  and  flux.  They  have  nt 
remedies,  but  the  tricks  of  their  conju- 
rors. Superftition  covers  their  mind* 
with  a  difmal  veil.  The  firft  fiih  caught 
in  a  new  net,  muft  be  broiled  whole,  not 
a  joint  broken,  the  bones  burned  entire, 
or  the  net  would  not  he  worth  a  farthing. 
In  the  ftraits  which  unite  two  lakes,  they 
might  often  unite  a  few  nets  and  fill 
the  channel,  and  catch  every  fifli  that 
fliould  pafs,  but  they  fcattcr  them,  faying 
that  one  net  would  be  jealous  of  anoth- 
er, and  not  a  fifli  would  be  taken.  When 
any  of  their  principal  Indians  die,  it  i.s 
believed  they  are  conjured  to  death.  So 
penetrated  are  their  minds  with  the  pow- 
er of  conjurors  that  only  a  threat  has 
been  known  a^kually  to  occafion  death. 
For  a  near  friend  they  mourn  a  year. 
The  dead  are  left  on  the  ground  to  be 
devoured  by  fowls  and  hearts.  The  aged 
and  Tick,  who  cannot  travel,  are  left  with 
a  little  water  and  proviiions  to  die  alone. 
The  aged  are  always  treated  with  ncg- 
led:,  and  fed  with  the  mcanefl:  food.  It 
has  ever  been  a  cuftom  for  a  man  to 
wreftle  for  the  woman  of  his  choice.  A 
weak  hufband  is  at  tl*  mercy  of  every 
neighbour  ftrongcr  than  himfelf  for  the 
poflcfUon  of  his  wife.  He  is  obliged  to 
accept  a  ciiallenge,  and  if  thrown  muft 
rcfign  the  friend  of  his  life.  A  cuftom 
prevails  of  exchanging  a  night's  lodging 
with  each  others  wives.  This,  inftead  of 
being  confidered  as  a  brutal  crime,  as  the 
pure  morality  of  the  gofpel  teaches,  is  a 
feal  of  lafting  friendlliip  betTveen  the  two 
families.  When  either  of  the  men  die, 
the  other  confiders  himfelf  bound  tofup- 
port  the  family  deprived  of  a  hufband 
and  father.  Two  or  three  lifters  are  off 
ten  wives  to  the  fame  hufband.  Of  re- 
ligion they  fcem  more  deftitute  than  al- 
moft  any  other  people.  Their  conjurors 
pretend  to  converfe  with  fpirits,  but  nei- 
ther they  nor  the  people  have  any  juft 
i(ieas  of  morals  or  religion.  Nothing  but 
prefent  ptrfonal,or  domcftic  evils  diftarh 
their  minds.  Of  futurity  they  feem  to 
have  no  idea.  To  indu'gc  their  own  paf- 
fions,  and  promote  their  own  intereft  arc 
their  only  objecjls,  total  ftrangers  to  the 
morality  of  Chriftians,  and  the  benevo- 
lence of  the  gofpel.  How  defjrable  it  ia 
that  thefe  dreary  abodes  of  paganifm 
fhould  be  cheered  with  the  glad  tidings 
of  life  and  immortality.  But  of  this  the 
profpetn:  is  very  remote,  their  wander- 
jng  life,  their  want  of  that  fubordination 
which  is   common  ever  among  favages. 


K  O  R 


NOR 


and  their  peculiar  ftupidity,  are  forbid- 
ding circumftances.  Hearnc. 

Notthern  Archifclage  confifts  of  fcTcral 
groups  of  iflands,  which  are  fstuated  be- 
tween the  caftern  coaft  of  Kamtfchatka, 
in  Afia,  and  the  weftern  coaft  of  Ameri- 
ca. Thefe  iflands  are  frequented  on  ac- 
count of  their  valuable  furs.  If  the  ac- 
counts of  navigators  who  have  vifited 
them  may  be  credited,  the  moft  perfe<5t 
equality  reigns  among  thefe  iflanders; 
they  live  in  the  primitix'e  patriarchal 
tnanner,  and  every  perfon  looks  upon  his 
ifland  a«  a  pofleffion,  the  property  of 
which  is  common  to  all  the  individuals  of 
the  lame  fociety.  They  feem  cold  and  in- 
different in  moft  of  their  anions  ;  but  let 
an  injury  or  even  a  fufpicion  roufc  them 
rrom'this  phlegmatic  ftate,  they  become 
inflexible  and  furious,  taking  the  moft 
violent  revenge,  without  any  regard  to 
the  confequences.  The  leaft  affli<^on 
prompts  them  tofuicide. 

Northficld,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co. 
Vermont,  between  ^o  and  30  mile*  W  of 
Newbury,  in  the  W  part  of  the  county. 
It  has  204  inhabitants. 

NorthJieU,  a  plcafant  poft  town  in  the 
J^  part  of  Hampfliire  co.  Maflachufctts; 
on  the  E  fide  of  Conne<9:icut  River,  30 
miles  N  of  Northampton,  87  N  W  by  W 
of  Bofton.  It  contains  1047  inhabitants. 
The  town  was  incorporated  in  167  3,  and 
ibme  years  after  defolated  by  the  Indians. 
The  inhabitants  returned  again  in  1685, 
but  it  was  foon  after  deftroyed  a  fecond 
time.  In  17 13  it  was  again  rebuilt,  and 
one  third  of  the  townfliip  wa*  taken  off, 
and  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Hinf- 
dale.  Fort  Dummer  was  in  the  vicinity 
of  this  town. 

N'jrthficld^  a  fmall  town  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.Hamplhire,  taken  from  Canterbury, 
on  the  E  (Ide  of  Merrimack  River,  and 
incorporated  in  1780.  It  contains  ^i^ 
inhabitant?. 

Noithfel'U  a  townfliip  in  Richmond  co. 
Staten  iHand,  N.  York,  containing  1,387 
inhabitants. 

Nortbfotd,  a  parifii  of  Branfordj  New 
H.iven  CO.  Connedlicut,  where  is  a  poft 
office,  ro  miles  E  bf  N.  Haven.  Here  is  a 
Congregational  and  an  Epifcopal  church. 

North  Hampton,  a  townfliip  of  New 
Hampfliire,  in  Rockingham  co.  which 
contains  Gy^  inhabitants,  taken  trom 
Hampton,  and  incorporated  in  174Z. 

Nottb  Hiivt^fi,  A  tov^nfliip  of  Connf;(5^!- 
cut,  lituatcd  in  New  Haven  co,  ou  the  E 
lide  of  Eaft  River,  8  n>ile»  N  by  E  ui"  N. 


Haven,  and  3a  S  by  W  of  Hartford.  It 
contains  1,157  inhabitants.  It  was  fettled 
in  1660  by  ^$  men.  principally  from  Say- 
brook.  This  town  is  the  birth-place  of 
that  learned,  pious,  and  excellent  maa, 
Dr.  Ezra  Stiles,  late  prefidcnt  of  Yalt 
College. 

North  Hempftead,  a  townfliip  in  Queen's 
CO.  Long  Illand,  N.  York  ;  bounded  eaft* 
erly  by  Oyfter  Bay,  northerly  by  the 
Sound,  and  S  by  S.  Hempftead.  It  con- 
tains 2,4.13  inhabitants,  of  whom  269  are 
flaves.  In  1796,  233  of  the  inhabitant! 
were  qualified  eletftor»<  The  foil  is  but 
indifferent. 

North  Hii.nthaton,  a  towufliip  in  Weft* 
moreland  CO.  Pemifylvania.  It  has  1,484 
inhabitants. 

North  Jfiand,  ^r\  the  coaft  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, lies  on  the  N  fide  of  Winvah  Harbour, 

Nortbl'trted  LcjIi,  in  N.  America,  is  about 
160  miles  S  of  the  head  of  Cheftcrlield 
Inlet;  is  full  of  iflands,  and  about  80  milel 
longj  and  25  broad. 

Nurtb  Kvigjioivn,  a  town  in  Wafliinjj'* 
ton  CO.  Rhode  Ifiand,  which  carries  on  a 
confidcrable  trade  in  the  filTieries,  befide* 
fomc  to  the  Weft  Indies.  Its  harbour  i» 
called  Wickford,  on  the  W  fide  of  Narra- 
ganfet  Bay,  oppofite  the  N  end  of  Canon- 
icut  Ifland.  It  is  about  8  mile*  N  W  o£ 
Newport,  and  20  foutherlyof  Providence. 
The  towufliip  contains  2,794  inhabitantsj 
of  whom  39  are  flaves. 

North  Mountitin^  one  of  the  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains,  which  extends 
through  Virginia  and  Pennfylvania. 
There  ig  a  curious  fyphon  fountain  in 
Virginia,  near  the  interfeclion  of  Lord 
Fairfax's  boundary  with  the  N.  Moun- 
tain, not  far  from  Brock's  Oap^  on  the 
ftream  of  which  is  a  grift-mill,  which 
grind?  z  bufliels  of  grain  at  every  flood, 
of  the  fpring, 

Northport,  a  townfliip  in  Hancock  co. 
Maine,  taken  from  the  northerly  part  of 
Duck  Trap  Plantation,  and  incorporated 
in  1796,  having  481  inhabitants. 

North  Rtif,oC{  the  ifiand  of  St.  Domin- 
go, in  the  W.  Indies,  lies  in  lat.  20  ^^  N, 
and  long.  69  12  W. 

North  River.      See  Hudfin  R'"ver. 

North  River,  in  Maffachufetts,  for  its 
fize,  is  remarkable  for  its  depth  of  water, 
being  in  fome  places  not  more  than  40  or 
50  feet  wide,  yet  veffels  of  300  tons  are 
built  at  Pembroke,  and  dtfcciid  to  Maffa- 
chufctla  Bay,  18  miles  dift^ut,  as  the  river 
j  runs.  It  riles  in  Indian  Head  Pond,  ia 
j  Pembroke,  and  runs  a  lerp<nitine  couni 

between 


NOR 


NOR 


between  Scituate  and  Marfhfield.  The 
river  is  navigable  for  boats  to  the  firft 
fall,  5  miles  from  its  fource.  Thence  to 
the  near  eft  waters  which  fun  into  Taun- 
ton River,  is  only  3  niiles.  A  canal 
to  conn£«5t  the  waters  of  thefe  two  riv- 
ers, wiiitii  communicate  with  Narraganfet 
and  Maflachufctts  Bays,  would  be  of 
great  utility,  ^8  it  wbuld  favc  a  long  and 
dan^^erous  navigation  round  Cape  Cod. 

Ncrih  JRivery  a  vefy  conilderable  river 
of  New  Mexico,  in  N.  America,  which 
rifes  in  the  N  part  of  it,  and  diredls  its 
courfc  to  the  S  E  and  empties  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  W  end,  in  about 
lat.  2612N. 

North  Rl'ver,  a  branch  of  Fluvanna 
3Riverj  in  Virginia.  See  Ccij}  and  Calf 
Pafture. 

North  Balem,  a  townfliip  in  Weft  Chef- 
ter  CO.  New  York,  oppofite  Ridgcfield  in 
Connetiticut.  It  contains  1,145  inhabi- 
tants. 

North  Sea,  is  a  name  that  has  been  giv^ 
en  by  geCgraphtrs  to  various  parts  of  the 
oceans^;  where  they  happen  to  wafli  the 
northern  parts  of  the  American  continent 
or  iflands.  Thus,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
and  the  Atlantic  Ocean  further  to  the  E, 
from  their  waters  wafhing  the  N  coaft  of 
Mexico  or  New  Spain  in  N.  America,  and 
Terra  Fir  ma  in  S.  America,  have  been 
dlftinguiflied  by  this  name.  It  has  alio 
been  applied  to  the  fouthern  part  of  tine 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  particular  by  the 
Spaniards,  on  their  crofting  the  ifthmu* 
of  Darien,  from  the  N  to  the  S  coaft,  in 
oppofition  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  to  which 
they  gave  the  name  of  the  South  Sea. 
The  Atlantic  Ocean  alfoon  the  E  coaft  of 
N.America  has  been  fometimes  called  the 
North  Sea  ;  which  appellation  has  alfo 
been  given  to  the  Frozen  Ocean,  from  its 
bounding  N.  America  on  the  north. 

Ncrih  Sound  Point  \^  theprojcifting  point 
of  land  on  the  N  E  lidc  of  the  ifland  of 
Antigua,  in  the  "W.  Indies,  and  is  about 
S  S  E  from  Long  Ifland. 

Northtmibcriand,  a  town  in  Grafton  CO. 
New  Ham])fliire,  fituated  on  the  E  (Ide 
of  ConntAi.nit  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Upper  Amonoofjck.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1779,  ^"^^  contains  aoj  inhab- 
itants. 

Nortlumhcrl.rnd,  a  countv  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania,  boun'ied  N  by  Lycoming ;  S  and 
W  by  Dauphin  and  Mifilin  counties.  It 
is  divided  into  i4  towniliips,  and  contains 
ay ,7 97  inhabitanU.  Chief  town,  Sun- 
bury. 


Notthutnberland,  a  flourifhing  port  towil 
in  the  above  county,  fituated  ou  the  point 
of  land  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  E 
and  W  branches  of  the  Sufquehannah.  It 
is  laid  out  regularly,  and  contains  about 
tao  houfes,  a  Prclbyterian  church,  and 
an  academy.  As  the  country  incrcafes 
above,  this  will  become  a  place  of  impor- 
tance. It  is  2  miles  N  by  W  of  Suubury, 
and  124  N  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Northumberland^  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  E  by  Chcfapeak  Bay,  and  W  by 
Richmond.  It  contains  3,900  free  in- 
habitants, and  3,903  ftaves.  The  court- 
houfe,  where  a  poft  office  is  kept^  is  la 
miles  from  Kinfalc,  18  from  Lancafter 
court  houfe,  86  from  Frcdericklburgj 
and  3  17  from  Philadelphia. 

Northumberland  County,  in  U.  Canada,  is 
bounded  on  the  E  by  the  county  of  Haft- 
ings,  and  the  carrying  place  of  the  Pref- 
qu'  Ifle  de  Quinte  ;  on  the  S  by  Lake  On- 
tario, until  it  meets  the  wefterhmoft  point 
of  Little  Bay  ;  thence  by  a  line  running 
N  i6  degrees  W,  until  it  meets  the  fouth- 
ern boundary  of  a  tracSk  of  land  belonging 
to  the  Miftaflaga  Indians,  and  thence 
along  the  tra6l  parallel  to  L.  Ontario,  un- 
til it  meets  the  northweftcrnmoft  bound- 
ary of  the  county  of  I^aftings.  The 
county  of  Northumberland  comprehends 
all  the  iflands  near  to  it  in  L.  Ontario,  and 
the  bay  of  Quinte,  and  the  greater  part 
of  it  fronts  Lake  Ontario.  Smyth. 

North  Wales,  a  town  of  Caroline  co<. 
Virginia,  on  Pamunky  River,  about  a 
miles  below  the  juntSlion  of  N  and  S  Anua 
branches. 

North  Wejl  Coajl  of  America.  The 
country  on  the  N  wefteJii  part  of  the 
continent  of  America,  lying  on  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  is  thus  denominated.  Ac- 
cording to  accounts  given  by  voyagers  to 
this  coaft,  the  vaft  country  lying  upon  it, 
with  very  little  deviation,  has  the  ap«» 
pearance  of  one  continued  foreft,  being 
covered  with  pines  of  difFcient  fpecies, 
and  thefe  intermixed  with  alder,  birch, 
witch-hazel,  &c.  befldes  various  kinds  of 
brufbwood ;  and  the  vallies  and  low 
grounds  afford  wild  currants, goofeberrica, 
rafpberries,  and  various  flowerrng  ftirubs. 
On  the  coaft  are  many  iflands,  fp-icious 
b.<ys,  commodious  harbours,  and  mouthi 
of  navigable  rivers  J  amoog  the  former 
are  Wafliington,  or  Queen  Charlotte's 
If]?.nds,  extending  from  N  lat.  51  4a  to  54 
18;  W  long,  fvinw  Greenwich  129  54  to 
133  18.  Here  are  Nootka  Sound,  Admi- 
ralty Bay,  and  Port  Mulgrave,  Prince 
WiliiamV 


NOR 


NOR 


Wiltiam's  Sound,  Cook's  River;  the  pc- 
Dxnfula  of  Alallca,  and  the  iflands  fur- 
rounding  it,  BriftoJ  Bay,  and  Nt)rton 
Sound;  vvhich  lafl:  lie  S  eaftward  of  Beh- 
ring's  Straits.  The  coaft  is  inhabited 
by  numerous  but  fmall  tribes  of  Indians  ; 
each  tribe  appearing  to  be  independent, 
and  governed  by  its  own  chief.  They 
differ  from  each  other  in  their  language 
and  cuftoms,  and  are  frequently  at  war. 
It  is  impoffible  to  afcertain  with  any  de- 
gree of  certainty  the  number  of  inhabi- 
tants ;  but  they  luve  been  computed  at 
10,000,  from  Nootka  Sound  to  Cook's 
River,  au  extent  of  about  1,000  miles. 
The  natives  are  for  the  mod  part  fliort  in 
ftaturc,their  faces, men  and  women,  are  in 
general  flat  and  round,  with  high  cheek 
liones  and  flat  nofes,  and  their  teeth  white 
and  regular.  Their  complexions  are 
lighter  than  the  fouthern  Indians,  and 
fome  of  their  women  have  rofy  cheeks. 
Both  fcxes  are  fond  of  ornamenting  thcm- 
felves  with  beads  and  trinkets,  and  they 
generally  paint  their  hands  and  faces.' 
They  have  a  cufliom  of  making  a  longi- 
tudinal Hit  in  the  under  lip,  between  the 
mouth  and  chin,  fome  of  them  as  large 
as  the  mouth,  in  which  they  wear  a  piece 
of  bone,  wood  or  ivory,  fitted  with  holes 
in  it,  from  which  they  fufpend  beads  as 
low  as  the  chin.  There  appears  to  be  a 
greater  uniformity  in  the  drefs  of  the 
different  tribes,  than  in  tlicir  ornaments. 
The  aperture  or  fecond  mouth,  above  the 
chin,  feems  confined  to  the  men  of  Cook's 
River  and  Prince  William's  Sound;  whilft 


the  wooden  ornament  in  the 


under  lip  is 


worn  by  the  ivnvien  only,  in  that  part  of 
tlie  coaft  from  Port  Mulgrave  to  Queen 
Charlotte's  IHands.  The  inhabitants 
wholly  fubfifl:  by  fifliing  and  hunting, 
'i'heir  clothing  is  made  of  the  fkins  of  an- 
imals and  birds.  They  live  in  a  very  dir- 
ty manner,  and  are  a  complete  pic^lure  of 
filth  aud  indolence.  The  chief  object  of 
civiliztd  nations  in  navigating  this  coaft 
hitherto,  has  been  to  trafhc  with  the  na- 
tives for  furs  ;  which  they  give  in  exrhange 
for  pieces  of  iron,  nails,  beads,  penknives, 
and  other  trifling  trinkets.  Thcle  furs  are 
carried  to  China,  and  difpoftd  of  to  great 
prorit.  The  fkins  obtained  arc  thofe  of  the 
fea  otter,  racoon,  pine  m.irtin,  land  beaver, 
carlels  mamniot,  &c.  I'he  other  articles 
which  Vuight  be  procured,  arc  ginfeng, 
copper,  oil,  fpars,  &c.  with  greit  quanti- 
ties of  falmon.  From  1785  to  February, 
i  7  88,  there  had  arrived  at  China  from 
thi?  coafl:  9  vcflcls  of  different  nations. 
Vol..  I,  C  e  c 


Six  of  thefe  had  furs,  fold  for  96.84  a  dol- 
lars  ;  %  French  flxips,  54,837  dolls,  and 
17,000  flcins  imparted  by  the  Spaniards 
unfold.  What  furs  the  Ruffians  procure 
is  not  known,  as  they  never  carry  them 
to  Canton.  In  iat.  5a  21  33  N, on  a  riv- 
er crowded  with  falmon,  are  fome  popu- 
lous villages,  who  have  made  fome  ad- 
vance towards  civilization.  Painting  and. 
fculpture  being  in  a  ftate  of  confiderablc 
improvement.  They  have  forms  of  wor- 
fliip  which  they  attend  at  ftated  period* 
in  a  public  manner.  Their  dead  they 
burn.  One  of  their  temples  is  50  feet  by 
45,  fupported  byi  14  pillars  or  ports,  8  or 
9  feet  high.  The  two  centre  pofls  at 
each  end  are  ■i\  feet  diameter,  and  carved 
into  human  form,  fupporting  two  ridge 
poles  on  their  heads,  x%  feet  from  the 
ground.  The  hands  of  one  are  placed 
on  his  knees,  as  if  he  fupported  tlie  roof 
with  difficulty ;  the  other  ftands  at  his 
eafe  with  his  hands  on  his  hips.  The  pofts, 
poles,  and  pillars  are  painted  red  and  black. 
Some  of  their  timber  for  building  is  hewn 
on  ■%  (ides,  and  the  buildings  are  often  dec- 
orated with  hieroglyphic  paintings,  or 
fanciful  carvings.  In  confequeuce  of  an 
expedition  undertaken  in  1787,  Capt.  J. 
Kendrick,  of  the  fliip  Columbia,  while 
profecutiug  an  advantageous  voyage  with 
the  natives  for  furs,  purchafcd  of  them, 
it  is  faid,  for  the  owners,  a  trad:  of  de- 
lightful country,  comprehending  four  de- 
grees of  latitude,  or  240  miles  fquare. 
The  deeds  are  faid  to  be  in  China,  and 
regiftered  in  the  oflice  of  the  American 
conful ;  the  agents  in  London  are  author- 
ifed  to  treat  with  any  gentlemen  or  affo- 
ciation  for  the  purchafe  of  a  tract  of  land 
no  where  ext-eeded  for  fertility  and  cli- 
mate, and  which  tnay  perhaps  by  a  pru- 
dent management  of  lome  wife  conftitu- 
tion,  beco.me  of  the  utmoft  importance. 

North  IVefi  River,  a  branch  of  Cape 
Fear,  or  Clarendon  River,  in  N  Carolina. 
It  is  formed  by  the  juniR:ion  of  Haw  and 
Deep  Rivers ;  and  it  is  300  yards  wide 
at  Atnwood,  80  or  90  miles  above  the 
Capes  ;  even  when  the  ftream  is  low,  and 
within  its  banks.  See  Cape  Fcer  River. 
On  the  W  fide  of  this  river,  about  40 
raiies  above  Alhwood,  in  the  banks  of  a 
creek,  5  or  6  feet  below  the  landy  fur- 
face,  are  to  be  feen  projetSti  ng  out  many 
feet  in  length,  trunks  of  trees  entirely 
petrified. 

North  Wejl  Ttrritcry,  is  divided  into 
Ohio  State,  Indiana  Territory,  and  Coun- 
ty of  W^ayue  ;  which  fee. 

Nrthivo$di 


NOR 


NOT 


77ott?jivood,  an  interior  and  derated 
fownlliip  in  Rockingham  co.  New  Hamp- 
fliire,  in  tvhich,  and  on  its  borders,  are  a 
number  of  fmall  ponds,  whofe  waters  feed 
Pifcataqua  and  Suncook  Rivers.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1773;  contains  950  in- 
habitants, and  is  about  39  miles  N  W  of 
Portfmouth.  CryflaU  and  cryftalline 
fpars  are  found  here. 

North  Tarmouth^  a  pofl:  town  of  Maine, 
in  Cumberland  co.on  a  fmall  river  which 
falls  into  Cafco  Bay.  It  is  17  miles  W 
by  S  of  Brunfwick,  14  N  of  Portland,  and 
140  E  of  Bofton,  The  townfliip  is  cxten- 
iivc,  was  incorporated  S\i  1713,  and  con- 
tf'y&  a,6oo  inhabitants.  Cufiens  River 
divides  it  from  Frecport  on  the  N  E. 

Norton,  a  townfhip  of  Briftol  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts,  2,2,  miles  S  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1711,  and  contains  ly^Si 
inhabitants.  Theannualamountof  the  nail 
manufadlurc  here  is  not  lefs  than  300  tons. 
There  is  alfo  a  manufadlureof  ochre  which 
is  found  here,  fimilar  to  that  at  Taunton. 

Norton,  a  fettlement  on  the  N  E  coaft 
of  Cape  Breton  Ifland. 

Norton's  Sound,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  extends  from  Cape  Darby  on 
the  N  N  W  to  Cape  Denbigh,  or  Cape 
Stephen's  on  the  S  or  S  E.     N  lat.  64  50, 

Nortvalky  a  plcafan:  poll  town  in  Fair- 
field CO.  Conneifticut,  on  the  N  lidc  of 
Long  Ifland  Sound  It  contains  a  Con- 
gregational and  Epifcopal  church,  which 
are  neat  edifices,  and  between  40  and  jo 
compa6l  houfes.  It  is  13  milrs  W  by  S 
of  Fairfield,  34  S  W  by  W  of  New  Ha- 
ven and  54  N  E  of  N.  York.  The  town- 
fliip is  fituated  in  a  fertile  wheat  country, 
and  was  fettled  in  1651.  Here  are  iron- 
works and  a  number  of  mills.  It  has  a 
fmall  trade  to  N.  York  and  tlie  W.  ladies, 
and  contains  5,146  inhabitants. 

Notivay,  a  towntlilp  of  N.  York^  in 
Herkcmer  co.  incorporated  in  1792.  It 
contains  1.9 n  inhabitants. 

Nor-zvay,  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland 
CO.  Maine,  incorporated  in  1797,  having 
609  inhabitants. 

Ncrivith,  a  confiderable  townfliip  in 
Windfor  co.  Vermont,  on  the  W  fide  of 
Connedlicut  Rivtr,  oppofite  to  Dartmouth 
College.    It  contains  1,486  inhabitants. 

Noriuich,  a  townfliip  in  HaiTipiliire  co. 
Maflachufetts,  24  miles  S  W  of  North- 
ampton, and  114  W  of  Bofton  ;  incorpo- 
rated in  1773,  and  contains  959  inhabi- 
tants. 

Nuriviib,  a  city  and  pofl:  town  of  Con- 
ficvUcut,  aud  of  ik&  fecoud  rank  ia  New 


London  co.  fituated  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation on  Thames  River,  14  miles  N  of 
New  London,  and  40  S  E  of  Hartford. 
This  commercial  city  has  a  rich  and  ex- 
tenfive  back  country ;  and  avails  itfclf 
of  its  happy  fituation  on  a  navigable  riv- 
er, which  affords  a  great  number  of  con- 
venient feats  for  mills,  and  water  ma- 
chines of  all  kinds.  The  inhabitants  man- 
ufa<fture  paper  of  many  kinds,  ftockingf, 
clocks  and  watches,  ciiaifss,  buttons,  ftonc 
and  earthen  ware,  oil,  chocolate,  wire, 
bclb,  anchors,  and  all  kindsof  forge-work. 
The  city  contains  about  500  dwelling- 
houfcs,  a  court-houfe,  two  churches  for 
Congregationalifts,  and  one  for  Epifcopa- 
lkns,and  3,476  inhabitants.  The  city  is 
in  three  detached,  compatfl  divifions,  viz. 
Chclfea,  at  the  landing,  the  Town,  and 
Bean  Hill ;  in  the  latter  divifion  is  an 
academy,  and  in  the  town  is  an  endowed 
fchool.  The  courts  of  law  are  held  al- 
ternately at  New  London  and  Norwich. 
This  town  was  fettled  in  1660,  by  35 
men,  principally  from  Saybrook.  It  i* 
251  miles  N  E  of  Philade'lphia.  N  lat. 
41  34,  W  long,  7229.  _ 

Neitvlch,  a  townfliip  in  Chenango  co. 
N.  York,  taken  from  the  towns  of  Jericho 
and  Union,  and  incorporated  in  1793. 
It  is  fettled  principally  by  people  fron* 
ConneAicut;  is  bounded  foutherly  by 
Oxford,  and  lies  S5  miles  W  of  Cherry 
Valley.     It  has  2,219  inhabitants. 

Noriv'u-h,  now  called  IVhitby,  in  Upper 
Canada,  on  the  N  fliore  of  L.  Ontario. 

Norivich  Totvnftiip,  in  Norfolk  co.  U. 
Canada,  E  of  and  adjoiiing  Dereham. 

Notch,  T^hs,  a  pafs  in  the  weflern  p?,rt 
of  the  White  Mountains,  in  New  Hamp- 
Oiire;  the  narrowefl:  part  of  which  is  but 
22  feet  wide,  between  two  perpendicular 
rocks.  It  is  25  miles  from  the  Upper  Coos. 
From  the  height  above  it  a  brook  de- 
fcends,  and  meanders  through  a  meadow, 
formerly  a  beaver  pond.  It  is  furround- 
ed  by  rocks,  which,  on  one  fide,  are  per- 
pendicular, and  on  tlie  others,  rife  in  an 
angle  of45 degrees,  a  ftrikingiypi^turefquc 
fcene.  This  defile  was  known  to  the  In- 
dians, who  formerly  led  their  captives 
through  it  lo-  Canada ;  but  it  had  been 
forgotten  or  nt'glecled,,  till  tkt  year  177  r, 
when  two  hunters  paffed ^through  it. 
There  is  a  road  this  way  ncB^  to  the  Up- 
per Coos.  ** 

Notch,  Capi,  is  the  W  point  of  Goodhiclr 
Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  S  lat. 
J3'33>  W  long.  74  34. 

Nittaway^  a  fnaall  river  of  Virginia^ 
which. 


NOV 


NOV 


which  runs  E  by  S,and  receircs  Black  Wa- 
ter on  the  line  of  N.Carolina ;  thence  pur- 
fuing  a  S  by  Wcourfe  of  about  lO  miles,  it 
joins  the  Mehcrrin  ;  the  confluent  ftrcam 
then  aflumes  the  name  of  Chowan  River, 
and  empties  into  Albemarle  Sound. 

Nottaivay,  a  couuty  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  and  N  W  by  Amelia,  from  vliich  it 
was  taken  in  the  year  1788.  It  contains 
3,418  white,  and  5,983  black  people. 
See  Amelia. 

Nottingham,  a  poft  town  in  Rockingham 
ro.  N.  Hampfhire,  12  milei  N  of  Exeter, 
and  24  N  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1722,  and  contains  964  in- 
liabitants. 

Nottingham^  JVeJl,  a  pofl:  town  in  Hillf- 
borough  CO.  New  Hampfliire,  Gtuated  on 
the  E  llde  of  Merrimack  River  ;  was  in- 
corporated in  1746,  and  contains  1,267 
inhabitants.  It  has  Maliach'jfctts  line 
for  its  fouthern  boundary,  which  divides 
it  from  Dracut,  and  is  about  45  miles  N 
N  W  of  Bofton. 

Nottingham,  Eajl  and  IVeft,  two  town- 
fliips  in  Cheftcr  co.  Pennfylvania ;  the 
former  having  889,  and  the  latter  454 
inhabitants. 

.  Nottingham,  the  mofl  northern  town  of 
Burhngton  co.  N.  Jcrfcy,  on  the"E  bank 
of  Delaware  River,  between  Bordcntown 
«nd  Trenton. 

Nottingham,  a  port:  town  in  Prince 
George's  cx).  Maryland,  on  Patuient  Riv- 
er, 16  nailts  N  E  of  Pifcataway,  and  20 
S  E  of  Wafhington. 

Nova.  Scotia,  formerly  called  Ntru  ,')cot- 
land,  a  Britiih  province  of  N.  America ; 
feparatcd  o»  the  N  E  from  Cape  lireton 
Ifland,  by  the  Gut  of  Canfo  ;  on  the  N  it 
has  a  part  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
and  the  ftraits  of  Northumberland,  which 
divide  it  from  the  Ifland  of  St.  John's ; 
on  the  W  it  has  N.  Brunrwick  and  the 
Bay  of  Fundy ;  on  the  S  and  S  E  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  Its  length  is  about  235 
miles  from  Cape  Sable  on  the  S  W  to 
Cape  Canfo  on  the  N  E.     Its  extreme 


breadt! 


88 


les :    but  between  the 


head  of  Halifax  harbour  and  the  town  of 
Windfor,  at  the  head  of  the  S  E  arm  of 
the  Bafin  of  Minas  it  is  only  about  22 
miles  broad.  It  contains  8,7  89,000  acres  ; 
of  which  3  millions  have  been  granted, 
and  2  millions  fettled  and  under  improve- 
ment. Nova  Scotia  is  accommodated 
with  many  fpacious  harbours,  bays,  and 
coves  of  flicker,  equal  to  any  in  the 
world.  The  chief  of  thefe  are  Canfo, 
H*lifax,  on  Cbebudo  Bay,  Chedabucto, 


Frederick,  George,  Torbay,  Charlotte, 
King's,  Barrington,Townfend,  St.  Mary's, 
Annapolis  Royal,  the  Bafin  of  Minas,  the 
Bay  of  Fundy ;  and  a  vaft  number  of 
capes,  lakes,  and  rivers,  which  are  de- 
fcribed  under  their  refpcdlive  names. 
The  moft  remarkable  mountains  are  the 
Highland  of  Afpotagoen,  and  the  Ardois 
Mountain.  The  fouthern  fliorcs  prelient 
to  the  eye  of  a  ftranger  rather  an  un- 
favourable appearance,  being  in  general 
broken  and  flony  ;  but  the  innumerable 
idands  alongits  coafls, coves  and  harbours, 
though  generally  compofed  of  rocky  fub- 
ftances,  appear  defigned  by  nature  for 
the  drying  of  fifli,  being  covered  with 
materials  for  fifli  flakes  and  ftages ;  and 
there  is  land  fufficient  for  paftures  and 
gardens,  to  fervc  the  purpofcs  of  fifli- 
crmen.  As  you  advance  into  the  back 
country,  it  wears  a  more  promifing  ap- 
pearance; and  at  Cornwallis,  Windfor, 
Horton,  Annapolis,  Cumberland,  Cobe- 
quid,  Pidlou,  and  along  the  northern 
fliores  of  the  province,  there  are  cxtenfive, 
well  improved  farms.  The  gradual  im- 
provements in  hufljandry,  which  has  been 
encouraged  by  the  laudable  efforts  and 
fuccefsful  experiments  of  the  agricultural 
fociety,  lately  eflabliflied  here,  afford 
fomc  good  ground  to  expe<fl  that  Nova 
Scotia  may  become  a  flourifliing  colony. 
The  lands  in  general,  on  the  fea-eoaft,  the 
county  of  Lunenburgh  excepted,  and  a 
few  hills  of  good  land,  are  rocky,  and  in- 
terfperfed  with  fwamps  and  barrens. 
The  growth  in  general  is  a  mixture  of 
fpruce,  hemlock,  pine,  fir,  beech,  and 
fome  rock-maple,  which  furnifli  an  inex- 
hauflible  fupply  for  fl)ip-building  and 
other  purpofes.  The  coafl  abounds  with 
fifli  of  various  kinds^as  cod,  falmon,  mack- 
erel, herrings,  altwives,  trout,  &c.  and  be- 
iiig  near  to  the  Banks  of  Newfoundland, 
Quero,  and  Sable  Banks,  fiflieries,  under 
proper  manageinent  and  regulations, 
might  be  carried  on  with  certainty  of 
fuccefs.  There  are  coal-mines  at  Cum- 
berland, and  on  the  Eaft  River  which 
falls  into  Pictou  harbour.  There  is  plen- 
ty of  bog  and  mountain  ore  in  Annapolis 
townfliip,  on  the  borders  of  Ni(5lau  Riv- 
er, and  a  bloomery  is  ere<3:ed  there. 
Copper  has  been  found  at  Cape  D'Or,  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  Balin  of  Minas.  The 
forts  in  this  province  are  Fort  Edward, 
Cumberland,  and  Cornwallis.  Nova  Sco- 
tia is  divided  into  8  counties,  viz.  Hants, 
Halifax,  King's,  Annapolis,  Cumberland, 
Sunbury,Qui.een'S|aiid  Lunenburg.  Thefe 

arc 


N  U  E 


O  B  I 


are  fubdivided  into  above  40  townfliips. 
The  whole  population  of  Nova  Scotia,  N. 
Brunfvvick,  and  the  iflands  adjoining  is 
cftimated  at  about  50,000.  The  amount 
of  imports  from  Great  Britain  to  this 
country,  at  an  average  of  3  years,  before 
the  new  fettiements,  was  about  £26,soo. 
The  articles  exported  in  exchange  are, 
timber  and  the  produce  of  the  fifliery, 
which  at  a  large  average  amounts  to 
^^38,000.  Nova  Scotia  was  confirmed  to 
Great  Britain  in  1760.  Halifax  is  the 
metropolis.      Sec  Netv  Brun/ivid,  Canada, 

Nohvelle,  Lay  commonly  called  Eaft 
Nouvellt,  lies  on  the  northern  lide  of 
Chaleur  Bay.     It   is  a  fmall  river,  about 

4  leagues  from  Port  Daniel. 

Non'vilk,  La  Grande^  or  Weji  NouviUe^ 
on  the  northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  is 
above  one  league  from  Carleton,  where 
is  alfo  a  cultom-houfe,  and  a  rcipedtable 
mercantile  houfe. 

Nipift^^uit,  a  fmall  village  of  N.  Brunf- 
Avick,  on  the  fouthern  hie  of  Chaleur 
Bay,  inhabited  by  Roman  Catholics; 
above  iz  leagues  W  of  Caraquit  Ifland  ; 
between  which  and  Point  Mafanette,  arc 
the  capes  of  Poiquchaw.  At  this  village 
a  number  of  coafking  traders  touch  during 
the  fummer,  w^hcre  they  purchafe  of  the 
inhabitanrs  cod  fifli  and  falmon,  as  alfo 
feathers,  peltry,  and  fome  furs. 

Noxan,  or  Ncxontotii  or  Nox  Ttrvn,  a 
town  of  New  Caflle  co.  Delaware,  21 
miles  N  of  Dover,  and  9  S  by  S  W  of  St. 
George's  Town. 

Nublada,  an  ifiand  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
■with  3  fmall  ones  N  of  it,  and  near  to  it, 
W  by  S  of  Cape  Corienles,  on  the  coafl: 
of  Mexico,  and  E  of  Roco  Portida.  N 
lat.  1640,  W  long.  122  30. 

Nuch'uuuk,  a  place  in  New  Britain,  the 
refort  of  WalrufTes  in  winter;  with  the 
teeth  of  thefc  animals  the  Indians  head 
the^r  darts.     Lat.  60  N. 

Nuejira  Sennra  de  la  Paz,  an  epifcopal 
fee  and  town  of  Peru,  in  S.  America.  S 
lat.  17  10,  W  long.  64. 

N^ejiia  Senora  dc  la  FliUr'ia,  a  town  of 
Mexico.     N  lat.  i8,  W  long.  92  35. 

Nnevo  Baxo,  a  !i;mk  c^iltd  by  the  Brit- 
ifli  the  New  Bear,  being  about  32  leagues 

5  of  the  W  end  of  the  ifland  of  Jam;iica, 
in  lat.  15  57  N.  It  h.is  a  key,  2  calMcs 
length  long  and  if  broad;  ftretching  E 
by  N,  and  W  by  S  The  Britiib  find  t  his 
£  good  (tation  in  a  SpanJfli  war,  as  mod 
fli'ips  come  this  way  from  the  Spaniih 
M^ii^j  S^ing  to  the  Havannah. 


0. 


o. 


ACHATE  Harbour,  near  the  ftwtfc 
point  of  Ulictea,  one  of  the  Sodety 
1  Hands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  N  W  of 
Otaheite.     S  lat.  16  SS,  "^^  lo"g-  IJI  24. 

Oahaha,Zi  river  of  Louifiana,which  emp- 
ties into  theMiilifi^pi  fromthcN  W.in  lat. 
39  10  N,  and  7  miles  Nof  Riviere  au  Beuf. 

Oahoona,  one  of  the  Ingraham  liles, 
which  is  faid  to  be  the  northernmoft  of  all 
this  cluftcr.  It  lies  about  lo  leagues  N  £ 
of  Noohteva.  To  this  ifland  Capt.  Rob- 
erts gave  the  name  of  Maljjchufdts.  Capt. 
Ingraham  had  before  called  it  Wajh'wgtcn. 

Uaiti^uha  or  Ait'^ptha  Bay^  fitiiated  near 
the  N  E  end  of  the  leflcr  peninfula  of  the 
iflanot  of  Otaheite,  has  good  anchorage  in 
1 2  taihoms.    S  lat.  17  46,  W  long,  149  14. 

Oak  JRay,  or  the  Devil's  Head,  in  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  is  9  leagues  S  S  E  of  Moole 
Ifland,  It  is  very  high  land,  and  may  be 
feen  at  10  or  12  leagues  diftance. 

Oalfuf^ee.      Sec  Tallaponfe  River. 

Oakftijhies,  an  Indian  tribe  in  the  weft- 
em  part  of  Georgia.  The  warrior  Mico, 
called  the  White  Lieutenant,  had  the  Iblc 
influence  over  4,000  gun-men. 

Oalham,  a  townfbip  in  Worceftcr  co» 
Maflachufetts  ;  15  miles  N  WofWorcef- 
ter,  and  62  W  of  Boflon.  It  was  incorpo- 
ratedin  r762,andcontains8oT  inhabitants. 

Oak  IJland,  a  long  narrow  ifland  on  the 
coafl:  of  N.  Carolina,  which  with  Smith's 
Ifland  forms  the  S  W  channel  of  Cape  Fear 
River.     See  Bald  Head,  and  Cape  Fear. 

Oakmulgee  River  is  the  fouthern  great 
branch  of  the  beautiful  Alatamaha,  in 
Georgia.  At  the  Oakmulgee  Fields  it  is 
about  300  or  400  yards  wide.  Thefe 
rich  and  fertile  fields  are  on  the  eafl  fide 
of  the  river,  above  the  confluence  of  the 
Oconee  with  this  river;  thefe  two  branch- 
es are  here  about  40  miles  apart.  Here 
are  wonderful  remains  of  the  power  and 
grandeur  of  the  ancients  of  this  part  of 
America,  confifting  of  the  ruins  of  a  capi- 
tal town  and  fettlement,  vafl  artificial 
hills,  terraces,  &c.     Sec  Alnta:naba  River. 

Oatara^  a  fmall  woody  ifland  on  the  S 
E  of  Ulietea  Ifland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean ; 
between  3  and  4  miles  from  which  to  the 
north-weft  are  twootherfmh.il  iflands  in 
the  fame  diret51ion  as  the  reef,  of  which 
they  are  a  part. 

OLed^sJi'vcr^  in  Tcnnefl'ce,  runs  S  W  info 
Cumberland  R.  290  miles  from  its  morith, 
hytliecourfeofthc  ftrcam.  Thus  far  Cum- 
berland R.  i'^.  navigable  for  large  vefTels. 

Obion,  a  navigable  river  of  Tenneircc, 
which 


OCR 


O  H  I 


which  runs  S  W  into  the  MifQfippi,  M 
miles  foutherly  of  Reclfoot  Rivers.  It  is 
70  yards  broad,  17  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Oiiterea,  an  illand  lOO  leagues  S  of  the 
Society  Iflands.  S  lat.  22  40,  W  long. 
150  50.  It  contains  no  good  anchorage, 
and  the  inhabitants  are  averfe  to  the  in- 
trufion  of  flrangcrs. 

Occoa,  or  Ocoa,  a  bay  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
jfland  of  St.  Domingo,  into  which  fall  the 
fmall  rivers  Sipiccpy  and  Ocoa.  It  lies  E 
of  Neybeor  Julienne  Bay,and  is  bounded 
fouth-eaftward  by  Point  Salinas,  and  u eft- 
ward  by  the  E  point  at  the  mouth  of 
Bya  River.  Spanifb  fliips  of  war  anchor 
in  this  bay.  Point  Salinas  is  22  leagues 
W  of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo. 

Occoa,  a  bay  near  the  eaft  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  in  the  windward  paflage, 
about  20  miles  eaft  of  Guantanamo  Bay. 

Occochappy^  or  Bear-Creel-,  in  the  Miffi- 
flppi  Territory,  empties  through  the  S 
W  bank  of  TennefTee  River,  juft  below 
the  mufcle  flioals.  There  is  a  portage  of 
only  about  jo  miles  from  this  creek  to  the 
navigable  waters  of  Mobile  River.  The 
mouth  of  this  creek  is  in  the  centre  of  a 
piece  of  ground,  the  diameter  of  which  is 
5  miles,  ceded  by  the  fouthern  Indians  to 
the  United  States  for  the  eftablifliment  of 
trading  pofts. 

Occoneaclea  IJlandsy  two  long  narrow  ifl- 
ands at  the  head  of  Roanoke  River,  in 
Virginia,  juft  feelov/  where  the  Staunton 
and  Dan  unite  and  form  that  river. 

Ocona  Port,  on  the  coaft  cf  Peru,  on  the 
S.Pacific  Ocean,  is  it  leagues  N  W  of 
Quilca,  and  a  bold  coaft,  and  14  leagues 
S  E  of  Attico. 

Oconee,  the  north  main  branch  of  Ala- 
tamaha  River,  Georgia.  It  is,  in  many 
places,  250  yards  wide.  Its  banks  abound 
v.itii  oak,  alb,  mulberry,  hickory,  black- 
walnut,  elm,  faflafras,  ^c. 

Oconee  Toivn  lies  on  the  E  bank  of  the 
n'vcr  of  its  name  in  Georgia  ;  about  26 
miles  W  N  W  of  Golphington,  and  62 
W  by  N  of  Augufta. 

Occoquan,  a  river  in  Virginia  which,  af- 
ter a  fliort  courle,  empties  into  Patow- 
mac  River,  at  High  Point,  5  miles  below 
Colchcfter.  The  falls  in  this  river  fur- 
nifl)  excellent  mill-feats. 

Ocrecock  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, leads  into  Pamlico  Sound,  and  exit 
of  it  into  Albemarle  Sound,  through 
which  all  velfels  muft  paf&  that  are  bound 
to  Edenton,  Wafiiington,  Bath,  or  New- 
bern.  It  lies  in  lat.  7,$  lO  N.  A  bar  of 
hard  fane;  crofTes  the  inlet,  on  which  is  14 


feet  water  at  low  tide.  The  land  on  the 
N  is  called  Ocrecock,  that  on  the  S  Portf- 
mouth.  Six  miles  within  the  bar,  there 
is  a  hard  fand  flloal  which  crofPes  the 
channel  called  the  Swafli.  On  each  fide 
of  the  channel  are  dangerous  flioab,  fome- 
times  dry.  Few  mariners, however,  well  ac- 
quaintedwith  ):hein!et,chfflofc  togo  in  with- 
out a  pilot ;  as  the  bar  often  fliift:!  during 
their  abfence  on  a  voyage.  It  is  about  7^ 
leagues  S  W  |  W  of  Cape  Hatteras. 

Ogcechec,  a  river  of  Georgia,  18  miles  S 
of  Savannah  River,  and  whofe  courfes  arc 
nearly  parallel  with  each  other.  It  ril'e» 
nearthe  Appalachian  mountains,  and  emp- 
ties into  the  Tea  oppofite  the  N  end  of 
Oflabaw  bland,  18  miles  S  of  Savannah. 
Louifville,  Lexington  and  Georgetown 
are  on  the  upper  part  of  this  river. 

Oglethorpe,  a  county  of  Georgia  on  the 
N  fide  of  Alatamaha  River,  W  of  Liberty 
CO.  Fort  Telfair  is  in  the  S  E  corner  of 
this  county  on  the  Alatamaha.  It  con- 
tains 9,780  inhabitants,  of  whom  3,089 
are  flaves. 

Ohamane7io,  a  fmall  but  gocd  liaibour, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Ulietea,  one  of  the  Socie- 
ty lilands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  S  lat. 
16  4j,  W  long.  151  38.  The  variation  of 
the  compafs  in  1777,  was  6  19  E. 

Ohamene  Harbour,^,  fine  bay  on  the  E  fide 
of  Otaha,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands.  It  paf- 
fes  in  by  a  channel  between  the  2  fmall  ifl- 
ands Toahoutu, and  Whennuaia.  Within 
the  reef  it  forms  a  good  harbour,  from  25 
to  26  fathoms  water,  and  clear  ground, 

Oherurua,  a  large  bay  on  the  S  W  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Otaha,  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands,  and  the  next  harbour  to  the  north- 
ward from  Apotopoto  Bay.  There  is  an- 
chorage from  20  to  25  fathoms,  and  has 
the  advantage  of  frcfli  water.  The  breach 
in  the  reef  which  opens  a  palTage  into 
this  harbour  is  one  fourth  of  a  mile  broad, 
in  lat.  16  38  S,  and  long.  151  30  W: 

Oheteroa,  one  of  the  Society  Iflands, 
which  is  about  12  miles  long  and  6  broad, 
inhabited  by  a  people  of  very  large  ftat- 
ure,  who  arc  rather  browntr  than  tliofc 
of  the  neighbouring  iflands.  It  has  no 
good  harbour  or  anchorage.  lat.  22  27 
S,  long.  150  47. 

Ohctuna^  a  harbour  on  the  S  E  fide  of 
Ulietea,  one  of  tht  Society  Iflands. 

OLcvaboa,  an  ifland  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean.     S  lat.  941,  W  long.  139  2. 

Olio,  State  of,  lies  W  of  Pennlylvania. 
and  betAveen  the  Ohio  River  on  the  S, 
and  the  Lakes  Mic higan  and  Erie  on  the 
J^,     \k%  prccif'e  boundaries  are  as  folIoAvs, 

viz: 


O  H  I 


O  H  I 


^Iz.  E  by  the  northern  part  of  the  W  line 
of  Pennfylvania  ;  S  by  the  Ohio  River, 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Miami ;  W 
by  a  line  drawn  due  N  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river  lafl  named  to  the  fouthern 
extremity  of  I^akc  Michigan  ;  N  by  an  E 
and  W  line  drawn  through  the  fouthern 
extremity  of  the  lake  juft  mentioned, 
from  the  intcrfc dlion  of  the  wcfteru  boun- 
dary line,  till  it  meet*  the  northern  terri- 
torial line  of  the  U.  States,  in  Lake  Erie, 
and  following  that  line,  till  it  reaches  the 
W  line  of  Pennfylvania  ;  lying  between 
;i9  and  42  N.  lat.  and  5  20  and  4  36  W. 
long,  from  Philadelpiiia.  This  State  was 
admitted  into  the  Union  by  adl  of  Con- 
grefs  early  in  the  year  1803,  and  organi- 
zed  March  3d  of  the  fame  year,  and  is 
divided  into  17  counties,  viz. 


Counties. 
"Wafliington 
Hamilton 
Adams 
JefFerfoa 
Rofs 

Clermont 
Trumbull 
Fairfield 
Bellmont 
Gallia 
Scioto 
Franklin 
Columbiana 
Warren 
Sutler 
Montgomery 


Chief  Towns. 

Marietta 

Cincinnati 

Mafliefburgh 

Stcubcnvillc 

Chilicothe 

Williamfburgh 

Warren 

New  LancaAer 

Pultney 

Galliopolis 

Alexandria 

Franklinton 


Greene 

The  number  of  inhabitants  in  this 
^tatc,  in  i8co,  was  42,179.  The  princi- 
pal rivers  arc  thcMu{kingum,Hockhock- 
jng,  Scioto,  and  Little  -nd  Great  Miami, 
whicli  fall  into  the  Ohio  ;  and  the  Grand 
Miami  of  the  Lakes,  Sanduiky,  Huron, 
and  Cayahoga,  which  empty  into  Lake 
JLi'te.  l"he  lands  on  thefe  rivers  arc  in- 
terfptrfcd  with  all  the  variety  of  foil 
Tvhich  conduces  to  pleafantnela  of  iitua- 
tron,  and  lays  the  foundation  for  the 
wealth  of  an  agricultural  and  manufac- 
turing people.  Large  level  bottoms,  or 
natural  meadows,  from  20  to  50  miles  in 
circuit,  are  found  bordering  the  rivers, 
and  variegating  tl»e  ccuntiy  in  the  inte- 
rior parts.  Thefe  aflTotd  as  rich  a  foil  as 
<an  lie  imagined,  and  may  be  reduced  to 
proper  cultivation  with  very  little  labour. 
The  prevailing  growth  of  timber,  and  the 
more  ufcful  trees,  are  maple  or  fugar-trce, 
fycamore,  black  and  white  mulberry. 
Hack  and  white  walnut,  butternut,  chef- 


:  nut,  white,  black,  Spanifh  and  chcfnut 
oaks,  hickory,  cherry,  buckwood  or  horfc 
chcfnut,  honey-locuft,  elm,  cucumber  tree, 
gum  tree,  iron  wood,  afli,  afpin,  faffafras, 
crab-apple  tree,  paupaw,  or  cuftard  ap- 
ple, a  variety  of  plum  trees,  nine  bark 
fpicc  and  leather  wood  buflics.  White 
and  black  oak,  and  chcfnut,  with  moft  of 
the  above  mentioned  timbers,  grow  large 
and  plenty  upon  the  high  grounds.  Both 
the  high  and  low  lands  produce  great 
quantitiej  of  natural  grapes  of  rariousf; 
kinds.  The  fugar  maple  is  the  moft  val- 
uable tree,  for  an  inland  country.  The 
inhabitants  may  be  fupplied  with  a  fuf- 
ficlcncy  of  fugar,  by  prefervin^j  a  few 
trees  for  the  ufe  of  c^ch  family,  A  tree 
will  yield  about  ten  pounds  of  fugar  a 
year,  and  the  labour  is  very  trilling. 
Springs  of  excellent  water  abound  in  this 
territory  ;  and  fmall  and  large  flreams, 
for  mills  and  other  purpofes,  arc  atSlually 
intcrfperfcd,  as  if  by  art,  that  there  be  no 
deficiency  in  any  of  the  conrcniences  of 
life.  Very  little  waftc  land  is  to  be  found 
in  any  part  of  this  trati  of  country. 
There  arc  no  fwamps  but  fuch  as  may 
be  readily  drained,  and  made  into  arable 
and  meadow  land  ;  and  though  the  hills 
are  frequent,  they  are  gentle,  and  fwell- 
ing,  no  where  high  or  incapable  of  tillage. 
They  are  of  a  deep  rich  foil,  covered 
with  a  heevy  growth  of  timber,  and  well 
adapted  to  the  production  of  wheat,  rye, 
indigo,  tobacco,  &c.  The  hills  and 
mountains  on  the  E  fide  of  the  Ohio  gen- 
erally increafe  in  magnitude,  till  they  unite 
witli  tlie  Allegh:jny,  but  on  the  other  fide, 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  they  decreafe  till  the 
country  becomes  almoft  a  dead  level. 
[£llicott.']  The  communication  between 
thi^  country  and  the  fea,  will  principally 
be  in  the  3  following  diredions  :  i.  The 
route  through  the  Scioto  and  Muflcingum 
to  Lake  Erie,  and  fo  to  the  river  Hndfon. 
2.  The  paflagc  up  the  Ohio  and  Monon- 
gahela  to  the  portage  above  mentioned, 
which  leads  to  the  navigable  waters  of 
the  Patowmack.  This  portage  is  30  miles, 
and  will  probably  be  rendered  much  lefs 
by  the  execution  of  thepians  now  on  foot 
for  opening  the  navigation  of  thofe 
waters.  3.  But  the  current  down  the 
Ohio  and  Miflifippi,  for  heavy  arti- 
cles that  fuit  the  Florida  and  Weft  In- 
dia markets,  fuch  as  corn,  flour,  beef,  lum- 
ber, &c.  will  be  more  frequently  loaded 
than  any  ftreams  on  earth.  The  diftance 
from  the  Scioto  to  the  Miffifippi,  is  800 
miles ;  from  thence  to  the  fea,  is  900. 

This 


O  H  I 


out 


This  whole  courfc  is  run  in  15  days.    Vef-  j 
fels  proper  for  the  Weft  India  trade  may 
be  advantageoufly  built  on  the  Ohio,  and 
taken  with  a  cargo,  every  annual  rile  of  ; 
the  waters,  down  to  New  Orleans,  or  to  \ 
the  Weft  India  lilauds.     The  experiment  j 
has   already   been    made    with   fuccef*.  j 
[Ellicotf.]    No  country  h  better  ftocked  | 
with   wild  game.     The  river*  arc  well  . 
ftorcd  with  fifh  of  various  kinds,  and  ma-  j 
ny  of  them  are  of  an  excellent  quality.  ; 
They  are  generally  large,  though  of  dif-  ! 
ferent  fizes  ;    the  cat-fifli,  which  i»  the  ! 
largeft,  and  of  a  delicioui  flavour,  weiglu 
from  6  to  80  pounds.     The  number  of 
old  forts,  found  in  this  weftera  country, 
are  the  admiration  of  the  curious,  and  a  1 
matter  of  much  fpeculation.     They   arc  | 
nioftly  of  an  oblong  form,   fituatcd  on  j 
ftrong,  well  chofen  ground,  and  contigu-  ! 
ous  to  water.     When,  by  whom,  and  for  1 
what  purpofc  thefe  were  thrown  up,  is  j 
uncertain.     They  are  undoubtedly  very  ; 
ancient,  as  there  is  not  the  leaft  vifible  , 
difference  in  the  age  or  fize  of  the  timber  i 
growing  on  or  within  thefe  forts,  and  i 
that  which  grows  without ;  and  the  old- 
eft  natives  have  loft  all  tradition  refpcfl-  j 
ing  them.     By  an  ordinance  of  Congrefs,  j 
paffed  on  the   13th  of  July,  1787,  this  I 
country,  including  the  Indiana  Territory, 
the  country  N  of  it,  and  Wayne  Territo- 
ry E  of  Lake  Michigan,  for  the  purpofes 
of  temporary  government,  was  credled 
into  one  diftritSl,  fubjeca,  however,  to  a 
divifion,  when  ciroumftances  fliould  make 
it  expedient.     The  ordinance  of  Congrefs, 
of  July  13th  '87,  article  5th,  provided  that 
there  fhould  be  formed  in  this  territory, 
not  lefs  than  3,  nor  more  than  5  States; 
and   that    the   boundaries    of  the  State* 
fliould  become   fixed  and  eftablifhed  as 
follows,  viz.  the  weftern  State  in  the  faid 
territory  to  be  bounded  on  the  Miffifip- 
pi,  the  Ohio  and  Wabafli  Rivers ;  a  di- 
re<a  line  drawn  from  the  Wabafli  and 
Port   Vincents  due  N  to  the  territorial 
line  between  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada, and  by  the  faid   territorial  line  to  jj 
the  Lake  of  the   Woods   and  Miflifippi.  jj 
The  middle  State  to  be  bounded  by  the  \\ 
faid  dire(fl:  line,  the  Wabafla  from   Poft 
Vincents  to  the  Ohio  ;    by  the  Ohio  by 
a  direA  line  drawn  due  Nfrom  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Miami  to  the  faid  territorial 
line,  and  by  the  faid  territorial  line.     The 
caftern  State  to  be  bounded  by  the  laft 
mentioned  dirc<£b  line,  the  Ohio,  Pennfyl- 
v<mia,  and  the  faid  territorial  line  :  Pro- 
Tided  kswcver,  that  tiie  boundaries  of 


thefe  three  States  fhall  be  fubjt<5l  fo  M 
to  be  altered,  that  if  Congrefs  hereafter 
fliall  find  it  expedient,  they  fliall  have 
authority  to  form  one  or  two  States,  in 
that  part  of  the  faid  territory  which  lies 
N  of  an  E  and  W  hne  drawn  through  the 
foutherly  bend  or  extreme  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan ;  and  whtn  any  of  the  faid  State» 
fhall  have  6o,coo  free  inhabitants  there- 
in, fuch  ftate  to  be  admitted  by  its  dele- 
gates into  the  Congrefs  of  the  United 
States,  on  an  equal  footing  with  the  orig- 
inal States  in  all  refpecfts  whatever ;  and 
to  be  at  liberty  to  form  a  permanent  con- 
ftitution  and  State  government.-  On  the 
3d  of  Auguft,  1795,  a  treaty  was  formed 
at  Grenvillc,  between  Major  Gen.  An- 
thony Wayne,  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States,  and  the  Chiefs  of  the  following, 
tribes  of  Indians,  viz.  the  Wyandots,  Dcl- 
awBrcs,  Shawanoes,  Ottawa*,  Chippewas,- 
Piitawatiraes,  Miamis,  Eel  River,  Weeas, 
Kickapoos,  Pian-Kafliaws  and  Kafkafkias^ 
By  the  3d  article  of  this  trcaty,the  Indian* 
cede  to  the  United  States,  for  a  valuable 
coniideration,all  lands  lying  caftward  and 
fouthward  of  a  line  "  beginning  at  the 
mouth  of  Cayahoga  River,  and  running 
thence  up  the  fame  to  the  portage  bet  wcea 
that  and  the  Tufcarawas  branch  of  the 
Mufkingura ;  thence  down  that  branch 
to  the  croffing  place  above  Fort  Law- 
rence ;  thence  wefterly  to  a  fork  of  that 
branch  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  run- 
ning into  the  Ohio,  where  commences  t-he 
portage  between  the  Miami  of  the  Ohio, 
and  St.  Mary's  River,  which  is  a  branch 
of  the  Miami  of  the  Lake  ;  thence  a  weft- 
erly courfc  to  Fort  Recovery,  which  ftands 
on  a  branch  of  the  Wabafli,  then  fouth- 
wefterly  in  a  direct  line  to  the  Ohio,  fo 
as  to  interfccT:  that  river  oppoflte  the 
mouth  of  Kentucky  or  Catawa  River." 
Sixteen  tradls  of  land  of  6  and  12  miles 
fquare,  interfperfed  at  convenient  diftan- 
ccs  in  the  Indian  country,  were,  by  the 
fame  treaty,  ceded  to  the  United  States, 
for  the  convenience  of  keeping  up  a 
friendly  and  beneficial  intercourfe  be- 
tween the  parties."  The  United  States, 
on  their  part,  '*  relinquifli  their  claims  to- 
all  other  Indian  lands  northward  of  the 
river  Ohio,  eaftward  of  the  MiiTiUppi, 
and  weftvvard  and  fouthward  of  the  Great 
Lakes  and  the  waters  uniting  them,  ac- 
cording to  the  boundary  line  agreed  011 
by  the  United  States  and  the  king  of 
Great  Britain,  in  the  treaty  of  peace  made 
between  them  in  the  year  1783.  But 
from  this  reliuquilhracnt,  by  the  U.  States, 

the 


O  H  I 


OKI 


the  fitllovvmg  tra<9^s  of  land  arc  explicitly 
excepted  :  lit.  Tht:  tracfb  of  150,000 acres 
near  the  rapids  of  the  Ohio  river,  whicli 
has  been  afligncd  to  Gen.  Clarke,  for  the 
ulc  of  himielf  and  his  warriors,  ad.  The 
poll  of  St.  Vincents  on  the  river  Wabafli, 
and  the  lands  adjacent;  of  which  the 
Indian  title  has  been  extinguiflied.  3d. 
The  land  at  all  other  places  in  pofleffion 
of  the  French  people  and  other  white 
fettlcrs  among  them,  of  which  the  hi- 
dian  title  has  been  extlngulflied,  as  men- 
ti<-ned  in  die  third  article  ;  and  4th. 
l"he  poft  of  Fort  Mallac,  towards  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio.  To  which  feverai 
parcels  of  land  lb  excepted,  the  faid  tribes 
rc!inc][uirn  all  tlie  title  and  claim  which 
tiicv  or  any  of  them  may  have."  Goods 
to  the  value  of  20,coo  dolls,  were  deliv- 
ered the  Indians  at  the  time  this  treaty 
was  made  ;  and  c;oods  to  the  amount  of 
9,500  dolls,  at  firft  cofl  in  the  U.  States, 
are  to  be  delivered  annually  to  the  In- 
dians at  fome  convenient  place  north- 
ward of  the  Ohio.  A  trade  has  been  o- 
pened,  fuice  this  treaty,  by  a  law  of  Con- 
grcfs,  with  the  foremcntioned  tribes  of 
Indians,  on  a  liberal  footing,  which  has 
given  permanency  to  this  treaty,  and  fe- 
curity  to  the  frontier  inhabitants. 

Obioy  a  mofl  beautiful  river,  Icparates 
Ohio  State  and  Indiana  Territory  from 
Kentucky  and  Virginia  on  the  S  E.  Its 
current  gentle,  waters  clear,  and  bof- 
om  fmooth  and  unbroken  by  rocks  and 
rapids,  a  Hngle  inflancc  only  excepted. 
It  is  one  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  at  Fort 
Pitt ;  500  yards  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
K^.nhaw-iy  ;  1 2,00  yards  at  I.ouifvillc, 
and  ac  the  R.^^pids  half  a  mile,  but  its  gen- 
eral bre:<dthdocs  not  exceed  6ooyards.  In 
lorae  places  its  width  is  not  400,  and  in  one 
{»Uce  pnrticuliirly,  f.-.r  below  the  Rapids, 
tr  ;3  lefs  than  300.  Its  breadth,  in  no  one 
place  (except  at  tl^.e  Rapids)  exceeds  1200 


yaids  ;     and    at    its   junction 

with    the 

Miilifippi,  neither  river  is  more  than  900 

yards  wide.     Its  length,  as 

meal u red  ac- 

cording  to  its  meanders  by  Ca 

pt.  Hutch- 

ins,  is  as  follows  : 

From  Fort  Pitt 

to 

I.oo'sTcnvn 

iZ\  mile?. 

Big  Beaver  Creek 

10^ 

1  iltle  Beaver  Creek 

^?>h 

Yeli(>v/  Crc(  k 

M\ 

Two  Crcck.s 

^n 

Long  Reach 

5^1 

End  Long  Reach 

i6h 

Mulkingum 

26i 

Little  K.iuhaway 

"i 

Hockhocklng 
Great  Kanhaway 
Guiandot 
Sandy  Creek 
Sioto  or  Scioto 
Little  Miami 
Licking  Creek 
Great  Miami 
Big  Bones 
Kentucky 
Rapids 
Low  Country 
BufTalo  River 
WabaHi 
Big  Cave 
Shawanec  River 
Cherokee  River 
Maflac 
Miffifippi 


16 

82$ 
43| 

aH 

126 

26 

3H 

44i 

77i 

64i 
97h 

i3i 

II 

46 


In  common  winter  and  fpring  floods,  it 
affords  30  or  40  feet  water  to  Louifville ; 
25  or  30  feet  to  La  Tarte's  Rapids  ;  40 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhawav ; 
and  a  fufficiency  at  all  times  for  ligKt 
batteaux  and  canoes  to  Fort  Pitt.  The 
Rapids  are  in  lat.  38  8.  The  inundations 
of  this  river  begin  about  the  laft  of  March, 
and  fubfrde  in  July,  although  they  fre- 
quently happen  in  other  months;  fo  that 
boats  which  carry  300  barrels  of  flour 
from  the  Monongahela,  or  Youhiogeny, 
above  Pittfburg,  have  feldom  long  to  wait 
for  water.  During  the  floods,  a  iirft  rate 
man-of-war  may  be  carried  from  Louif- 
ville to  New  Orleans,  if  the  fudden  turns 
of  the  river  and  the  flrength  of  its  cur- 
rent will  admit  a  fafe  fleeragc.  It  is  ihe 
opinion  of  fome  well  Informed  gentlemen, 
that  a  veflel  properly  built  for  the  fea,  to 
draw  12  feet  water,  when  loaded,  and 
carrying  from  12  to  i6co  barrels  of  flour, 
may  be  more  eafily,  cheaply  and  fafely 
navigated  from  Pittfburg  to  the  fea,  than 
thole  now  in  ufe ;  and  that  this  matter 
only  requires  one  man  of  capacity  and  en- 
terprife  to  afcertain  it.  A  veffel  intended 
to  be  rigged  as  a  brigantine,  fnow,  or 
fliip,  fliould  be  double-decked,  take  her 
mrifls  on  deck,  and  be  rowed  to  the  Ib- 
bervillc,  below  which  are  no  Iflands,  or 
to  New-Orleans,  with  20  men,  fo  as  to 
afl'ord  reliefs  of  lO  and  10  in  the  night. 
Such  a  veflel,  without  the  ufe  of  oars,  it 
is  fuppofed,  would  float  to  New-Orleans 
from  PittflDurgh  in  20  days.  The  Rap- 
ids at  Louifville  defcend  about  10  fer.t  in 
the  diflance  of  a  mile  and  a  half.  The 
j  bed  of  the  river  is  a  folid  rock,  and  is  di- 
vided 


0  H  1 


OLD 


vlded  by  an  irtand  into  two  branches, 
ihe  fouthern  of  which  is  about  aoo  yards 
\vide,  but  impaffable  in  dry  feafons.  The 
bed  of  the  northern  branch  is  worn  into 
channels  by  the  conftant  courfe  of  the 
water,  and  attrition  of  the  pebble-ftoncs 
carried  on  with  thAt,  fo  as  to  be  paffable 
for  batteaux  through  the  greater  part  of 
the  year.  Yet  it  is  thought  that  the 
fouthern  arm  may  be  mort  eafily  opened 
for  conftant  navigation.  The  rifie  of  the 
waters  in  thefc  Rapids  docs  not  exceed  %q 
or  aj  feet.  There  is  a  fort  fituatcd  at 
the  head  of  the  Falls*  The  ground  on 
the  fouth  Gde  rifes  very  gradually.  At 
Fort  Pitt  the  river  Ohio  lofes  its  name, 
branching  into  the  Monongahcla  and  Al- 
If'ghany. 

Ofjto  Rap'ids  lie  inlat.  30  8  N,  705  miles 
below  Pittfburg  to  the  S  "W,  and  48^ 
jnilcs  from  the  confluence  of  the  Ohio 
•with  the  Miiiifippi.  They  are  occafion- 
cd  by  a  led^e  of  linie-ftone  rocks  that 
ftretch  acrofs  the  bed  of  the  river.  In 
fome  places  the  fall  is  perpendicular,  but 
the  main  body  of  the  water,  when  the  riv- 
er is  low,  runs  along  a  channel  of  a  tol- 
erably regular  flopc  which  has  been  worn 
in  the  rock.  In  the  fpring,  when  the 
river  is  full,  the  rapkis  arc  fcarccly  per- 
ceptible, and  boats  defcend,  without  dif- 
ficulty or  danger.  The  fituation  of  the 
Rapids  is  truly  delightful.  In  levelling 
the  defcent  of  thefe  Rapids,  it  has  been 
found  to  be  %%\  feet  in  two  miles.  In 
cefcending  thcfii,  the  danger  arifes  uot  fo 
much  from  the  Iwiftnefs  of  the  current 
as  from  funken  rocks,  and  the  flialiow- 
nefs  of  the  water.  The  town  of  Louif- 
ville  commands  a  grand  view  of  the  Rap- 
ids. 

Oi/o,  The  north-wefternmoft  county  of 
the  State  of  Virginia,  bounded  E  by 
Wafliington  co,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  N 
W  by  the  river  Ohio,  which  divides  it 
from  the  State  of  Ohio.  It  contains  4  483 
free  inhabitants,  and  457  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Weft  Liberty. 

Ohio^  a  county  of  Kentucky,  contains 
tizi  inhabitants,  of  whom  vi%  are  flaves. 

Ohiopcy  a  fmall  northern  tributary  ftream 
of  Alatamaha  river,  in  Oglethorpe  co. 
Georgia. 

Obiop'tfim'ni^o,  a  tra(5V  of  land  fo  called 
in  the  State'of  Kentucky,fituatcd  in  Ncl- 
fon  CO.  on  Ohio  river,  and  fouthweftward 
of  Salt  River. 

Ohiopyle  Falls,  in  Yonghiogany  River, 
are  about  ao  feet  perpendicular  height, 
where  the  river  is  S«  vards  wide.     They 

Vol,  1.  '  P  o  4 


arc  30  or  40  miles  from  the  motith  of 
this  river,  where  it  mingles  its  waters 
with  the  Monongahela. 

Ohiialoo,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean.     S  lat.  9  55,  W  long.  139  6. 

Oil  Creekf  in  Alleghany  co.  Pennfylva- 
nia*, iflucs  from  a  fpring,  on  the  top  of 
which  floats  an  oil,  fimilar  to  that  call- 
ed Barbadocs  tar,  and  empties  into  Alle- 
ghany River.  It  is  found  in  fuch  quanti- 
ties, that  a  mart  may  gather  fever^l  gal- 
Ions  in  a  day.  The  troops  fent  to  guard, 
the  Weftern  Pofts,  halted  at  this  fpring, 
colleclted  fomc  of  the  oil,  and  bathed 
their  joints  with  it.  This,  gave  them, 
great  relief  from  the  rheumatic  com- 
plaints, wich  wiiich  tliey  were  afflicted* 
The  waters,  of  which  tire  troops  drauk 
freely,  operated  as  a  gentle  cathartic. 

Oljlins  £ayy\%  near  the  fouthern  extrem- 
ity of  the  ill  md  of  Barbadoes,  In  the  W. 
Indies.  It  is  fortncd  to  the  S  E  by  Ken- 
dal's Point.  The  bay  is  well  defended  by 
forts.  The  town  of  Oiftlus  ftands  on  thi» 
bay. 

Ohmtaon  Stream^  (N. B.  Olaramon  means 
red  earth  or  paint,  which  is  found  on  the 
banks  of  the  ftream)  rifes  in  townfhip 
N  38  of  the  Lottery  Lands,  is  about  19 
mile*  long,  and  enters  the  Penobfcot  oti 
its  E  fide  in  townfliip  N  »,  oppolite. 

Old  Cape  Francois  forms  the  N  point  of 
EcofToifeorCofbeckBayjOnthc  N  E  part  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  All  the  Frenck 
fhips  coming  from  Europe  or  the  Wind- 
ward Iflands,  and  bound  to  the  north  or 
weft  part  of  St.  Domingo  Ifland,  are  oblig- 
ed to  come  in  fight  of  the  Cape  Samana-,, 
(near  27  leagues  S  E  by  E  of  this  capcj^ 
or  at  leaft  of  Old  Cape  Francois,  on  ac- 
count of  the  dangers  of  flioals  to  the  ealt. 
It  is  about  five  leagues  eaft  of  Cape  dc  la 
Roche.  N  lat.  19  40  30,  W  long,  front 
Paris  7a  22. 

Old  Fort  Bay  b  fituated  at  the  foutb. 
end  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  in  the  Weft- 
Indids,  having  St.  Mary's  Ifland  and  Bay 
to   the  eaft. 

Old  Fort  JJlands^  in  Efqulmeaux  Bay,  oa 
the  coaft  of  Labrador,  in  N.  America.  N 
lat.  51  24,  W  long.  57  48. 

Old  Harbour,  on  the  fouth  roaft  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica  in  the  W.  Indies,  is  to 
the  weftward  of  Port  Royal.  There  are 
a  number  of  fhoais  and  iflands  in  the  en- 
trance to  it.  Under  fome  of  them  there 
is  fafe  riding,  in  from  fix  to  eight  fath- 
oms. 

Oil  Mans  Creeiy  in  Ncw  Jcrfev,  emp- 
t!€i  iito  DdawAfc  rirsr,  about  4  miles 

bclov* 


O  M  A 


O  N  A 


U«Jow  Penn's  Neck,  and  fcparatci  the 
counties  of  S?.lcm  and  Gloucefler. 

Old  Mens  Port  lies  northward  of  Lima 
River  in  Peru,  8  or  9  miles  N  of  Cada- 
vayllo  River. 

Old  Read,  a  town  and  harbour  in  the 
hland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indie:. 

OldRo'jdBay,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  the 
iHand  of  St.  Chriftopher 's,  in  the  Weft- 
Indies,  betAVcen  Church  Gut  W  and 
Bloody  Point  E.  There  is  from  5  to  15 
fathoms  near  the  fl7orc,and  the  Icaft  to- 
wards the  fort. 

Old  Read  Tozvtt,  en  this  bay,  lic9  be- 
tv'ten  Eaft  and  Black  Rivcrs^and  i»  a  port 
jOf  entry. 

Old  Tozin,  or  Frank^s  Old  TcTi'w,  on  Ju- 
ni^itta  River.    See  FrcnlJIoivn, 

Old  To-u'n,  in  the  State  of  N.  York,  on 
Staten-Iftand,  1 2  miles  S  W  of  N.York  city 

Old  Tcivn^Si  fmall  poft  town  of  Mary- 
land, Alleghany  co.  in  lat.  39  30,  on  the 
N  bank  of  Patomac  river,  and  \V  fidcol 
Saw  Mill  Run  ;  14  miles  S  E  of  Cum- 
berland, pud  14  a  W  by  N  of  Baltimore. 

Old  To-wn^  N.  Carolina,  near  Brunf- 
vick. 

Old  Toirn,  X  fmall  town  of  Georgia,  on 
the  Ogccchcc  River,  85  milc$  N  W  by  W 
#f  Savannah. 

0/*/ T6w»,  called  Indian  Old  Totrn,is 
OD  one  of  the  54  iilands  refcrved  by  the 
Indians  for  their  ufe  in  Penobfcot.  The 
ifland  contains  about  200  acres  cm  which 
)s  their  church  and  village. 

Old  Tctvn  Falls,  or  Great  Falls,  fo  Called 
an  Penobfcot  River,  about  half*  mile  be- 
low the  Indian  Village,  on  Old  Town 
Xfland. 

Oleout,^  fmall  creek  which  empties  in- 
to the  eafl  branch  of  Sufquehannah,  5 
ailes  N  E  of  the  mouth  of  Unadilia  River. 

Oiifda,  the  chief  town  of  tkc  captain- 
fhip  of  Pernambuco,  in  Bra«iI,S- Ameri- 
ca. It  is  fometimes  called  Pernambuo, 
and  has  a  good  harbour  fituatcd  north  of 
Cape  St.  Auguftine,  and  fouth  of  Para- 
ibo.  It  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  i6  30, 
tut  was  retaken  by  the  Portugucfc.  S 
lat.  8  13,  Wlong.  35  5. 

Ollerosy  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  ie  6 
leagues  S  E  of  Qucmada  Morro,or  Head- 
land, and  as  far  IS:  N  W  of  I'orto  Caval- 
lo.  It  is  little  frequented  on  account 
of  want  of  trade,  although  it  is  a  gaod 
harbour  in  cafe  of  fquallb  from  the  ntoun- 
tains,  or  from  ftrong  currents  fttting 
down  from  the  fca. 

Omagi  asy  a  tribe  of  Indians  inhabiting 
tik^  Wall^  ef  t^f  river  ^^wazoa,  asd  co&- 


verted  lo  Chriftianity  in  the  yc?-f  i^t^^ 
by  Father  Fritz,  a  Spaniflx  niiirionary* 
They  flat  the  hind  and  fois  part  of  iht 
heads  of  their  children,  which  gives  them 
a  monflrcu?  appearance.  They  make  x 
jcH:  of  otlK.r  nations,  calling  them  calabafh 
heads. 

O^sra,  a  river  en  the  coafl  of  Er,iz:T, 
whufe  mouth  is  in  lat.  5  .0  S,  and  long.. 
36  O  W.      See  Cape  Rocque. 

0«fi7/lw,  a  jurifdi(flion  in  the  diocefeof 
La  Paz,  in  Peru.  It  begins  almoft  at  the 
gates  of  the  city  of  La  Pas,  and  extends 
20  leagues,  being  bounded  on  the  W  by 
the  famous  lv.kc  of  Titi  Caca.  The  air  of 
this  jurifdit^tion  is  fomewhat  cold,  fo  that 
it  produces  little  s^^'n;  but  has  nume- 
rous flocks  of  cattle  fed  in  its  paftures ; 
there  isbeiidcs,  a  very  advantageous  trad« 
eirrifd  en  in  another  jurifdidtion  by  the 
Indians  living  on  the  borders  of  the  lake, 
wh©  arc  remarkably  indui^rious  in  im- 
proving that  ndvantage. 

0»jc^  a  corrupt  name  for  The  Mian.i' 
of  the  Lake ;  which  fee.  The  Mian«l 
towns  on  iti  banks  are  called  the  Omee 
Towns,  or  Au-Mi,  by  the  French  Amtri» 
cans,  as  a  contravElion  of  Au  Miami, 

Omse  Toivn,  one  of  the  Miami  Townai^ 
fituatcd  on  a  pkafant  point  formed  by  the 
junAion  of  the  rivers  Miami  and  St.  Jo- 
feph.  This  t<  wn  ftood  on  the  E  bank  of 
the  latter,  cppofite  the  mouth  of  St.  Ma- 
ry's River,  and  was  deflroyed  in  Gen. 
Harmar's  expedition,  in  1 790. 

Omrah,  a  fmall  fortified  toxra  in  the 
Spanilh  Main,  at  the  Ixittom  of  tl)e  Bay 
of  Honduras,  on  th«  S  Sde,  and  is  within 
a  gulf  to  the  eaftward  of  Dolce  Gulf,  into 
which  the  river  of  its  name  comes  from 
tkc  Southward.  It  has  a  good  harbour, 
which  is  open  to  the  N  W,  in  which  fliips 
of  any  harden  may  ride  in  perfecl  fafety. 
The  Britifh  admiral,  Parker,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  people  of  Honduras,reduced 
the  (Trong  fort,  which  is  fituattd  on  the 
E  fide  of  the  river,  in  1779.  The  fpoil 
was  immenfe,  being  valued  at  3  millions 
of  dollars.  The  Spaniards  in  vain  ofiFer- 
ed  30C;Coo  dollars  as  a  ranfom  for  i^f% 
quintals  of  quickfilvcr  ;  a  commodity  in- 
difpenfably  necefTary  in  m  01  king  their 
gold  and  filver  mines. 

Ompcmpanoofuck,  a  lliort,  furious  river  of 
Vermont,  which  empties  into  the  Connec- 
ticui  at  Norwich,  cppofite  to  Dartmouth 
College  Its  courfc  i»  S  E,  its  breadth  not 
more  than  40  or  jo  yards. 

Oiida.      Sec  Vincent  dt  la  Paxes. 

Onftiayo,  or  QrexttQ-^ty  an  ifland  in  the  S. 


ONE 


0  N  0 


Faclfic  Ocean.    S.  iat.  9  58,  W  loag.  13S  I 

ji.  ^  I 

OifeltoWj  one  of  the  Sandwich  iHand*,  j 
in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  called  alfo  AV-  j 
Ldtbeoiv,  about  5  or  6  leagues  to  the  weft-  j 
ward  of  Atooi.  There  is  anchoiajje  all  I 
along  the  coaft  of  the  itlaad.  It  produces  : 
plenty  of  yams,  and  a  fwect  root  called  | 
tec.     N  Iat.  21  50,  W  long.  160  i,f.  | 

0-»Lij/ii,  one  of  the  Six  Nations  of  Iiidianu,  | 
containing  6z8   fouls,  who  inhabit    tiic  ; 
country   S  of  Cnoida   Lake,  called   the  i 
Oneida  Reftrvation.    Their  priactp;ii  vil-  , 
l.'tgc,  Kabnonwolohale,  is  about  lo  miles 
6  Wof  Whitcftown.     Thefc  Indian.s  for  i; 
a  number  of  years  pafl,  have  been  under  ; 
the  paftoral  care  of  the  Rcv.Mr.  Kiritland,  , 
who,  with  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sarjeant,  haVe  ' 
been  chiefly  fupported  in  tlieir  niiifion, 
by  the  focicty  cftabllfiicd  In  Scotland  for 
promoting   Chrlftian  knowledge.      This  ; 
liatioa  receives  an  annuity  from  the  State 
cf  New  York,  of  2i->SS'^  dollars,  for  landa 
purchafcd  of  them  in  1795,  and  an  annu- 
ity of  about  628  dollars  from  the  United 
States.     With  thefc  annuities,  (which  op- 
erate as  a  difcouragcmcnt   to  induftry)  '. 
together  with  the  corn,  beans  and  pota-  ; 
toes  raifv^d  by  the  fquaws,   and  the  fifli 
and  gxmc  caught  by  the  mca,  afford  them 
a  barely  tolerable  lubliftenfe.     They  are 
■di  proud  nation,  and  affedt  to  dcfpifc  their  ; 
ucighbours,  the  Stockbridgeaad  Brother- 
ton  Indians,  for  their  attention  to  agricul- 
ture ;  but  they  already  begin  to  feel  their  , 
dependence  on  them,  and  are  under  a  ne-  i 
cefllty  of  puichafing  provifujns  of  them. 
The  nation  is  divided  into  three  tribes,  or  i 
<:lan.,  by  the  names  of  the  H-'olf,  the  Bear^ 
and  tLe  Turth.     They  have  t.heir  name 
from  their  Pagan  Deity,  which  fomc  few 
of  the  nation  itill  worlhip,  and  which  is 
nothing  more  th<jn  a  mifliapcn,  rude,  cy-  , 
liadrical/JjAfjof  about  120  poundt  weight, 
in  their  langnagc  called  OieUa,  which  Ag-  \ 
nifics  the   Upright  Stone.     Formerly   thi?  \ 
ftone  was  placed  in  the  crotch  of  a  tree, 
jind  then  the  nation  f'f.ppofcd  themfclves 
invincible.     Thefe  Indians  are  all  of  mix- 
ed blood  ;  there  has  not  been  apurt  One-  | 
ida  for  fcveral  ycari*  paft. 

OueiJa  Lake  is  about  7,0  miles  W  of  Old 
Fort  Stauwix,  btate  of  N.  York,  and  i«  be-  ^ 
tween  20  and  30  milts  long,  and  about  5 
miles  wide.     It   is  conne6ted  with  Luke  ' 
Ontario  on  the  W  by  Ofwego  River,  and  j 
with  Fort  Stanwix  by  Wood  Creek.  ! 

Otcida,  a  county  of  N.  York,  bounded  I 
N  E  and  E  by  Herkemer  co.  S  E  by  Ode-  | 
^o  c«.  .'J  (7  Onei4a  Lake  aud  Cheuangw  jj 


CO.  W  by  l.akc  Ontario.     It  is  well  -cife- 
tcred.     I'he  foil  is  fertile.     Inhabitant? 

Z2,047. 

Oncmack  Point  Is  the  S  W  point  'of  the 
continent  of  North  America,  on  the  N  W 
coaft,  and  the  S  limit  of  Eriftol  Bay.  k 
\h  8a  Icigucs  S  S  W  of  Cape  Newenham, 
or  the  N  point  01  that  erienfi^c  bay  ;  and 
in  Iat.  54  30  N,  .and  long.  163  30  W. 

O-Nimaxouj  a  harbour  on  the  SE  coaft 
of  Uiietca,  one  of  the  Society  Itlands,  vk 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean  It  is  N  E  of  Ohetu- 
na  Harbour,  en  the  fame  coaft. 
.  Onion  Cjpc,  on  the  S  W  fide  of  New- 
foundland Ifland,  is  about  4  leagues  Wof 
Quirpon  iQand,  or  the  northern  point  ot 
that  extcnfivc  Ifland. 

Onion  River,  in  the  iStaiic  of  Vermont, 
formerly  called  French  Rivrr,  and  by  th« 
Indians  IVineoJki,  i\[c$  in  Cabot,  aboiit  14 
miles  W  of  Conne6licut  River,  and  is  nav- 
igable for  Imall  veiTels  5  miiej  from  its 
mouth,  in  Lake  Champlain,  between  tlie 
towns  of  Burlington  and  ColcheOcr  ;  and 
for  boats  between  its  feveral  falls.  It  is 
one  of  the  fined  dreams  in  Vermont,  and 
runs  through  a  mofl  fertile  country,  the 
produce  cf  v.'hich  for  fcveral  miles  on 
each  fide  of  the  river,  is  brought  down  to 
the  lake  at  Burlington.  It  is  from  20  to 
30  rods  widCj  to  the  lower  falls,  and  15  or 
20  rods,  40  miles  from  its  moutli,  and  it« 
dcfccnt  in  this  diftancc  Is  17  a  feet,  which. 
Is  about  4  feet  to  the  mile.  Between  Bur- 
lington and  Colchcfter,  this  river  has  worn 
through  a  folid  rock  of  lime  ftone,  which 
in  fame  time  ofremote  antiquity  mufl  have 
formed  at  this  place  a  prodigious  catara^i):. 
The  chafm  is  between  70  and  80  feet  in 
depth  at  low  wa^er,  and  in  one  place  70 
fctt  from  rock  to  rock,  where  a  woodeii 
bridge  is  thrown  acro.r».  At  Bolton  there 
i.-»  a  chafm  of  the  fame  kind,  bur  fomcwhat 
wider,  and  the  rock  is  at  ItaH:  130  fe&: 
in  height.  From  one  fide  fevcral  rocki 
hare  falkn  acrofs  the  river,  in  fuch  a 
mantier  as  to  form  a  natural  bridge  at 
low  water,  but  in  a  (Ituation  to  be  an  ol»- 
jed>  of  curiofity  oaly*  It  vr.is  along  thi« 
river  that  the  Indians  foroierJy  traveliccl 


from  Canada, 


haj  maac  tneir  at- 


tacks on  the  fx-otiticr  fcttlement*  on  Coii- 
nciflicut  River. 

OHonJaro  Cajils^  cn  the  Oncnd.^.go  Ref* 
ervation  liands,  N.  York,  ii  25  miles  S  W 
of  Oneida  Caftle. 

0,icridago,  or  S^jlf  Lale,  In  the  State  of 
N.  York, is  about  6  miles  long  and  a  n>ilc 
broad,  and  iVnds  its  waters  to  Seneca 
River.       L*    iultudii    i»     rc:r.i;C'Uid     hr 


O  N  S 


O  N  Z 


tAi  fpring*  a  few  rods  from  its  banks. 
Thcfe  fprings  arc  cap?.b1e  of  producing 
immenfe  quantities  of  fait,  and  arc  in  the 
State  Refervation,  and  a  great  benefit  to 
the  country,  every  part  of  which  is  fo 
united  by  lakes  and  rivers  as  to  render 
the  fupply  of  this  bulky  and  accefTary 
article  very  eafy.  See  Salina. 
*  Onondago^  a  river  of  New  York,  Avhich 
xlfes  in  the  Oneida  Lake,  and  runs  weft- 
wardly  into  Lake  Ontario  at  Ofwego.  It 
is  boatablc  from  its  mouth  to  the  head 
of  the  lake,  74  miles,  except  a  fall  which 
occafions  a  portage  of  ao  yards,  thence 
batteaux  go  up  Wood  Creek  almoft  to 
Tort  Siainvix,  40  miles,  whence  there  is  a 
portage  of  a  mile  to  Mohawk  River, 
'i  oward  the  head  of  this  river,  falmon  are 
caught  ia  great  numbers, 

Unofidago,  a  couuty  of  New  York  State, 
confining  of  military  lands  divided  into  9 
tovvnfliips.  The  county  is  bounded  W  by 
Ontario  co.  and  N  by  Lake  Ontario, 
the  Onondago  River,  and  Oneida  Lake. 
The  county  courts  are  held  in  the  vil.lage 
of  Aurora,  in  the  townfhip  of  Scipio. 
This  county  is  admirably  fituated  for  in- 
land navigation,  being  interfedlcd  by  the 
two  navigable  rivers  Seneca  and  Ofwego, 
having  befides  five  lakes  and  a  number  of 
creeks.  For  an  account  of  the  refcrved 
lands,  fee  Military  Townfoips.  The  in- 
habitants are  7406. 

Ononda^Oy  a  poft  town  and  formerly 
the  chief  town  of  the  Six  Nations,  fitu- 
atcd  in  a  very  pltafant  and  fruitful  coun- 
try, on  the  S  end  of  the  lake  of  the  name, 
afid  confided  of  5  fmall  towns  or  villages. 

Onondjgoesy  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  live 
near  Onondago  Lake.  About  ao  years 
fmce,  they  could  furnifh  260  warriors. 
In  1779,  a  regiment  of  men  was  fentfrom 
Albany,  by  Gen.  I,  Clinton,  who  furprifed 
the  town  of  this  tril>e,  took  ys  prifoners, 
killed  izor  14,  and  returned  without  the 
lofs  of  a  man.  A  parr  of  the  Indians 
^vere  then  ravaging  the  American  fron- 
tiers. This  nation,  which  now  confifls 
of  450  fouls,  receives  annually  from  the 
State  of  New  York,  a,coo  dollars ;  and 
from  the  United  States  about  450  dol- 
lars. 

fJnfoTv,  a  maritime  county  of  Wilming- 
ton diArii!:,  N.  Carolina,  W  of  Cape  Look- 
out. It  contains  5,474  inhabitants,  inclu- 
ding 1,757  fiaves.  Chief  town,  Swanf- 
borough. 

O'-Jloxv,  a  townfhip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
Halifax  co.  at  the  head  of  tj^e  Bafin  of 
r^lin.^s,  35  miles  N  E  of  Winan^r,  and  46  j 


N  by  W  of  Halifax.  It  was  fettled  by 
emigrants  from  New  England. 

Ontario,  one  of  that  grand  chain  of 
lakes  which  divide  the  United  States  from 
U.  Canada.  It  is  fituated  between  lat.  43 
15  and  44  N,  and  long.  76  30  and  80  W. 
Its  form  is  nearly  elliptical ;  its  grcatcft 
length  is  from  S  W  to  N  E,  and  its  cir- 
cumference about  600  miles.  The  divifioa 
line  between  the  State  of  New  York 
and  Canada,  on  the  N  pafTes  through 
this  lake,  and  leaves  within  the  United 
States  1,390,000  acres  of  the  water  of  L. 
Ontario,  accQrding  to  the  calculation  of 
Mr,  Hutchins.  It  abounds  with  fifh  of 
an  excellent  flavour,  among  which  arc 
the  Ofwego  bafs,  weighing  3  or  4  pounds. 
Its  banki  in  many  places  arc  ftccp,  and 
the  fouthcrn  (bore  is  covered  principally 
with  beech  trees,  and  the  lands  appear 
good.  It  communicates  with  Lake  Eric 
by  the  river  Niagara.  It  receives  the 
waters  of  GennefTce  River  from  the  S,  and 
of  Onondago,  at  Fort  Ofwego,  from  the 
S  E,  by  which  it  communicates  through 
Oneida  Lake,  and  Wood  Creek,  with  the 
Mohawk  River.  On  the  N  E  this  lake 
difchargcs  itfelf  Into  the  river  Cataraqui, 
(which  at  Montreal  takes  the  name  of  St. 
Lawrence)  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It 
is  afferted  that  thefc  lakes  fill  once  in  j 
years  ;  but  the  fadt  is  doubted.  The  if!-, 
ands  are  all  at  the  eaftern  end,  the  chief 
of  which  are  Wolf,  Apihcrfl;,  Gage,  and 
Howe  Iflands. 

Ontario,  a  large,  fertile  county  of  New 
York,  bounded  N  by  the  lake  of  its  name, 
W  by  the  GennefTee  River,  S  by  Steuben 
county.  It  is  well  watered  by  GennefTee 
R.  its  tributaries,  and  a  number  of  fmall 
lakes.  Canandarquaistbe  chief  town,  fit- 
uated at  the  N  W  corner  of  Canandarqua 
Lake,  15  miles  W  of  Geneva,  and  30  N  E 
of  Williamfburg.  This  county  contains 
12,584  inhabitants,  of  whom  57  are  flaves. 

Otttario  County,  in  U.  Canada,  confifts  of 
the  following  ifiands  : — an  idand  at  pref- 
ent  known  by  the  name  of  Tonti,  (called 
Amherfl  iHand)  an  ifland  known  by  the 
name  of  Ifle  au  Foret,  (called  Gage  Ifl- 
and) an  ifland  known  by  the  name  of 
Grand  Ifle,  (called  Wolfe  Ifland)  and  an 
ifland  known  by  the  name  of  Ifle  Couch- 
ois,  (called  Howe  Ifland)  and  compre- 
hends all  the  iflands  between  the  mout^pi 
of  the  G'.roqui,  to  the  cafternmofl  extrem- 
ity of  the  late  townfliip  of  Maryfburghj 
called  Point  Pleafant.  Smyth. 

Ontario  Fort.     See  Ofivego. 

Onzffn,  a  cape  or  point  on  the  N  coaft 

•f 


©  R  A 


O  R  A 


•f  Brazil,  oppofite  to  Cape  St.  Lawrence, 
forming  together  the  points  of  Laguariba 
River;  the  latter  cape  being  on  the  W 
fide  of  the  river.  The  river  is  lO  leagues 
S  E  by  E  of  Bohia  Baxa. 

Onalajhka,  or  UnMJLka^  an  if] and  be- 
tween the  coaft  of  America  and.Kamf. 
chatka.  The  inhabitants  have  a  degree 
of  civility  not  common  among  favages. 
They  clothe  themfelvcs  like  other  peopl* 
in  the  fame  flare  of  fociety,  with  the  ikins 
of  fowls,  &c.  wearing  the  feathers  next 
to  them,  the  Ikins  being  neatlj  drcffed. 
They  eat  raw  fifli,  birds,  roots,  berries, 
and  even  fea-weed.  All  fewing  \%  per- 
formed by  the  females,  who  are  {hoema- 
kers,  tailors,  and  boat  builders.  They 
alfo  make  mats  and  balkets  of  grafs,  ftrong 
and  beautiful.  But  they  are  a  race  of 
favages,  without  religion  or  morals,  with- 
out laws  or  government,  following  the 
impulfe  of  the  moment.  They  frequent- 
ly barter  their  children  and  wives  for 
commodities  needed.  It  has  feveral  good 
harbours,  two  burning  mountains,  near 
one  is  a  hot  fpring.  The  land  is  rocky 
but  fertile.  Fifh  and  fowls  are  plenty  ; 
long.  187  60  W,  lat.  $1  ap  N.     Mavur. 

Opi'ch'n  Creei,  in  Virginia,  a  S  W  water 
•f  Patowmac  I^ver. 

0/}/>s,  z  village  in  Northampton  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  6  miles  S  E  of  Bethlehem. 

Oguagn^  in  Tioga  co.  New  York.  Here 
fs  a  pofjt  office,  407  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Or,  Cape  d\  in  Nova  Scotia,  is  fituated 
•n  the  N  fide  of  the  Bafm  of  Minas. 
Some  fmall  pieces  of  copper  have  been 
found  here. 

Or  a  Ctibeca  Bay,  on  the  N  fidc  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Jamaica,  in  the  Weft  Indies,  has  a 
ftrong  fort  on  the  E  fide,  and  Salt  Gut 
W;  at  both  thefe  places  is  good  anchor- 
age for  large  velfels. 

Oranai,  or  Ranai^  one  of  the  Sandwich 
Iflands  in  the  N,  Pacific  Ocean,  9  miles 
from  Mowee.  The  point  S  is  in  lat.  ao 
46  N,  and  long.  156  5a  W. 

Orangs  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  Iflands 
in  the  Weft  Indies.     N  lat.  ^4  a8,  W  long, 

79  37- 

Orangt,  a  bay  on  the  N  E  coaft  of  Ja- 
maica, E  N  E  of  the  high  mountain,  a  lit- 
tle within  land,  under  which  is  Crawford's 
Town.  Alfo  a  bay  at  the  N  W  end  of  the 
fame  iiland,  between  Green  Ifland  N  and 
North  Ncgiil  harbour  S  or  S  W. 

Orange,  a  cape,  the  E  point  of  Oyapok 
River,  S  E  of  Cayenne  Ifland.  N.  lat.  4 
ao,  \V  long.  50  JO. 


Orangt  Key,  or  Cay,  a  fmall  ifland  In 
Orange"Bay,  at  the  N  W  end  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica. 

Orange,  a  county  of  Vermont,  which 
contains  18,438  inhabitants.  It  is  bound- 
ed W  by  part  of  Addifon  and  Chittenden 
counties,  and  E  by  Connedticut  River. 
It  now  contains  ao  townfliips.  The  coun- 
ty town,  Newbury,  and  the  townfhips  S 
of  it,  viz.  Bradford,  Fairleo  and  Thetford, 
front  Connecticut  River.  It  is  high  land, 
and  fends  numerous  ftrcams  in  oppofitc 
dire<flions,  both  to  Connt(5licut  River  and 
to  Lake  Champlain. 

Orange,  a  townfliip  on  the  N  line  of  the 
above  county,  in  the  N  E  corner  of  which 
is  Knox's  Mountain.  It  has  338  inhab- 
itants. 

Orangey  formerly  Cardigan,  a  townfhip 
in  Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliii  c,  which  give* 
rife  to  an  E  branch  of  Mafcomy  River. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1789;  contains 
ao3  inhabitants ;  and  i$  ao  miles  E  of 
Dartmouth  College. 

Orange^  a  townfliip  of  MaiTachufctts, 
on  the  E  line  of  Hamplhire  co.  on  Mil- 
ler's River,  75  miles  N  W  by  W  of  Bofton, 
It  was  incorporated  iu  1783,  and  contain* 
766  inhabitants. 

Orange,  a  mountainous  and  hilly  co.  of 
New  York,  bounded  N  by  Ulfter  co.  E  by 
Hudfon  R,  8  E  by  Rockland  co.  S  W  by 
N.  Jerfey.  It  is  divided  into  9  townfliips, 
of  which  Goflien  is  the  chief,  ircontains 
29,355  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,145  ^^e 
flaves.  In  this  county  are  raifed  large 
quantities  cf  excellent  butter,  which  is 
collecHied  at  Newburgh  and  New  Wind- 
for,  and  thence  tranfported  to  Neiv  York, 
lOn  the  N  fide  of  the  mountains  in  this  co. 
is  a  very  valuable  tratSt  called  the  Drctvrf 
ed  Lands,  containing  about  40  or  50,000 
acres.  The  waters  v/hich  defceud  from 
the  furroundin^  hills,  being  but  flowly 
difcharged  by  the  river  ifTuing  from  it, 
cover  thefe  vaft  meadows  every  winter, 
and  render  them  extremely  fertile ;  but 
they  expofe  the  vicinity  to  intermittents, 
Wallkill  River,  which  paflcs  through  this 
tra(5l  and  empties  into  Hudfon's  River,  is, 
in  the  fpring,  ftored  with  very  large  eels 
in  great  plenty.  The  bottom  of  this  riv- 
er is  a  broken  rock;  and  it  is  fuppofed 
that  for  £2,000  the  channel  might  be 
deepened  fo  as  to  drain  off  the  waters, 
and  thereby  redeem  from  the  floods  a 
large  tra6l  of  rich  land,  for  grafs,  hemp, 
and  Indian  corn. 

Orange,  called  alfo  Orangedale,  a  town 
in  Eflcx  CO,  N.  Jerfey,  containing  about 

eight.jf 


O  R  A 


O  R  F 


«*5^*y  liotirs»,  a  Prefbyteri?.n  chin  ch,  an  J 
a  fiourifiiing  acadeiny,  and  lies  aJ  \V  of 
Kevvitrk,  adjoiinng. 

■  Orar.^2^  a  countv  of  Hilinjorough  dil- 
tf  i<rt»  N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  by  Caf- 
ueii  CO.  S  by  Chaiham,  E  by  Granville, 
;»na  W  bv  Guilford.  Tlic  rivers  rlaw  and 
Fncr  in  this  county  have  lands  cu  their 
borders.  It  contains  i.3,657  inhabitunts, 
.of  whom  3,3^7  «ic  flavts.  Chief  town, 
Hillfborough. 

Omrige,  i.  county  of  South  Carolina,  in 
Otaagtburg  difuiA. 

G'^iingey  a  count',-  of  Virginia,  bounded 
N  by  Cuiiicppei ,  auQ  S  by  AU.cni.atle. 
It  cootaina  6,"C7  free  inhabitanls,  and 
5,242  flavee*  7  he  court  hoafc  is  liiuatcd 
50  miles  from  Culpepper  court  hoiiie,30 
from  Ch^rlottcrilie,  anc  273  from  Fhila- 
cclphia.  The  CGunly  ii  55  nvJes  long, 
And  10  broad,  containing^' 320,000  acres 
Much  of  J  he  land  has  been  fo  long  cuUi- 
Uratcd  *itfa  tobacco  and  Indian  corn,  that 
it  is  greatly  impovcriflicd.  There  arc  3 
J£pifcopal  churclfe$,  5  or  6  Baptifi:  and  i 
Prefbyterian  church  in  the  county.  At 
the  court  hv>ui"e  is  a  poft  office,  127  milt* 
irom  Yiafliington. 

Ofangghi:rg,  a  diflricl  of  Scuth  Carolina, 
bounded  S  W  by  Edifio  RiTcr.  It  is  di- 
vided into  5  counties,  vix.  Lcwifburg^ 
Orange,  and  Lexington.  In  the  interior 
i}f  this  diftri^  are  cxtcnfivc  foreft*  of 
;pinc.  It  is  ivatcred  by  the  N  and  S  branch 
cs  of  the  Edifto  River,  and  has  15,766  in- 
habitants, of  whom  5,356  arc  flavc*.  i'ce 
Sotfth  Carolina, 

Orangeburg,  a  poft  town  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  capital  of  the  aboTc  diftric%  is 
on  the  E  fids  of  the  N  branch  of  Edifio 
River.  It  has  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and 
about  ao  houfes;  77  miles  N  N  W  of 
Charlefton,  40  foutheriy  of  Columbia, 
and  721  from  Philadelphia. 

Orangetoivn,  or  Greeiuandj  a  plantation 
in  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  N  W  of  Wa- 
tt-rford.  One  branch  of  Songo  River  ri- 
fes  in  the  northern  part  of  this  plantation, 
within  about  3  miles  of  Amarilcoggin 
River,  vvhtrc  there  is  a  pond,  two  miles 
long,  called  Songo  Pond  ;  from  thence  the 
ftrcam  runs  fouthward.  It  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  tfFe<n:  roadi  through  this  mountain- 
ous country;  fume  of  the  mountains  af- 
fording precipices  iooftct  perpendicular. 
Tlie  fides  o{  the  mount  iins  and  yaliics 
arc  fertile,  produce  good  crops,  and  In 
^cmc  inflances  aflbrd  wild  onions  which 
/cfemblc  thofe  that  arc  cultivated.  Wiii- 
Irr  rye,  which  tt  lhc«  chit-f  preduee,  k^  j[ 


anioautcd  to  10  bulb  els  aa  ^crc.  Tke 
coa;Ury  in  the  ntighbouxhtiod  formerly 
abouudcd  with  a  variety  of  game,  vi;^. 
luoclcj  dcer,.btar8,  beaver,  racoon,  fable, 
iStc.  but  lincc  it  has  been  inhabited,  g^jme 
h^s  b;.comc  fcarce ; -deer  arc  ex'irpattd 
from  the  vicinity ;  fome  moofe  remaiat 
among  the  mountains,  and  a  few  beaver, 
that  are  too  fagacious  to  be  taken  by 
the  moft  crafty  hunter.  Since  the  deer 
have  been  dcflroytd,  the  v-clvco  have 
wholly  kft  this  p-^rt  of  the  country. 

Otangcts'u-n,  cr  Tiif^pan,  in  Oiangc  co. 
Now  York,  is  Gtuated  on  the  W  fide  of 
the  Tappan  Sea,  oj-'pofite  Philiipfburgh, 
and  about  27  miles  N  of  New  York  city. 
The  townOiip  is  bounded  £  by  Hadfoa 
Pwivc^,  and  S  by  the  State  of  New  Jerfer. 
It  contained  in  1790,  1175  free  inhabi- 
tants, and  203  Haves, 

(jrangeioiun^  in  Wafliington  CO.  Mainc, 
is  19  miles  from  Machias. 

OrchiUa,  one  of  the  Leeward  Iflands  ia 
the  W.  bidies,  fituated  near  the  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  A.merica  ;  between  the 
iiiands  of  Tortuga  and  Roca,  15  or  16 
leagues  N  W  cf  the  former,  and  6  or  f 
E  and  E  by  N  of  the  latter.  It  is  ^bout 
2  leagues  lor.g.  On  the  S  and  S  W  fide, 
the  flrand  is  ftscp  aixd  bold,  fo  that  a  fhip 
may  lay  her  broad  fide  clofe  to  the  fliore  ; 
but  the  N  fide  is  foul  and  rocky.  Here 
is  nc  good  water,  nor  Indeed  :^.ny  thing  elfe 
but  fhclterfnJm northerly  winds, and  goat's 
flcfli.  It  is  divided  into  feveral  fmall  ifl- 
ands, fcparated  from  each  other  by  flial- 
low  canals.  N  lat.  ti  5a,  W  long.  6s  15. 
Ordado  Boci,  near  the  coaft  of  Peru,  is 
4  miles  S  by  E  of  Port  Callao.  Near 
it  are  fome  fmallcr  ones,  and  round  thenj 
from  9  to  16  fathoms  water. 

OrtabcuyOr  Qrechouy  a  fmall  elevated  1(1- 
and,  clofe  to  the  N  fide  of  Oneeheow,  one 
of  the  Saadwich  Iflands  ;  with  which  it  i« 
connecTted  by  a  reef  of  coral  rocks.  It 
contains  about  4,000  inhabitants.  N  lat, 
22  2,  W  long.  160  8- 

Oregan  River.  See  River  cf  the  U'tjt. 
Orjord,  a  port  town  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampiliire,  on  the  E  b^nk  of  Connccfli- 
cut  River,  about  15  miles  N  of  Hanover, 
and  oppofite  to  Fairlce  in  Vermont.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1761,  and  contains 
988  inhabitants.  The  foap  rock,  which 
has  the  property  of  fuller's  earth  in  cleanf- 
ing  cloth,  is  found  here;  alfo  allum  ore, 
free  Hone  fit  for  building,  and  a  grey 
ftoac,  in  great  demand  for  mill  ftones, 
reckoned  equal  in  q^uality  to  the  import- 
ed butr-B<Hl«^, 

QrfarJ, 


6    tts 


OHO 


cb 


'i^r/^fV,  Cgpe,  the  nortbweflcrntr,o?l  po?nt 
»f  the  large  ifland  to  the  Wof  Falkbnd's 
Sounc  in  the  Falkland  Ifiands^  in  the  S- 
Atlantic  Ocean,  And  S  E  of  CapePcrcival. 

Or/ad,  tie  toivnfiip  c/,  in  Suffolk  co.  U. 
Canada,  dlftingu^fhcd  fometimes  by  Or- 
ford,  N  and  S,  is  the  rdsdcncc  of  the  Mo- 
ravians ;  it  is  bounded  on  the  S  by  I^ake 
?.rie,  and  wstercd  by  the  Thames  to  the 
aorfhward.  Smyth. 

Orfofd,  a  townfhip  in  I..  Canada,  W  of 
Afcot,  having  about  30  inhabitants.  It 
h?.^  a  corfidcrablc  lake  in  the  K,  and 
another  in  the  S  part  of  the  townfliip. 

Orlandy  a  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
©B  the  E  bank  of  Penobfcot  River,  ?.t  its 
mouth,  having  Bnckftown  on  the  N,  Pe- 
nobfcot on  the  S,  and  Eliiworth  on  the 
r,.     It  is  17  miles  N  of  Ca.Qine, 

Orphan  Ifand,  in  the  mouth  of  Penob- 
fcot River,  oppoflte  to  the  towns  of  Or- 
>3nd  on  the  E,  and  Pfofpeta  on  the  W. 
Tt  contains  about  io,ccc  acres  of  excel- 
lent tiUage  land. 

Orinulo.     See  Oronoh  Ri'fJtr, 

Otifr^a^  the  highcft  mountain  of  Mexi- 

,  vvuble  60  miles  diflant.  It  became 
vo'canic  In  1545,  and  io  continued  for 
eo  years.  There  are  many  volcanoes  in 
this  province. 

Orleans^  the  middle  of  the  3  northern 
counties  of  Vermont.  A  part  of  Lake 
Memphrcmagog  projects  Into  the  north- 
ern part  of  it  from  Canada.  It  contains 
17  townfliips.  It  is  very  high  lend,  and 
fends  its  waters  ia  almofl  every  diredbion 
«)f  the  compafs.  Clyde,  Barton  and 
Black  Rivers  empty  into  Lake  Memphre- 
magog;  the  waters  of  many  branches  of 
Miirifcoui,  La  Moelle,  and  Onion  Rivers, 
rifmg  here,  fall  into  L^ike  Champlain ; 
thofc  of  Mulhegan  and  Pafumpfic  empty 
into  Connecticut  River.  It  contains  1,439 
inhabitants. 

Orleans,  a  poft  town,  Barnftable  cciinty, 
Xlaflachufttts,  taken  from  the  fouthcrly 
part  ofEaflham, and  incorporated  in  1797. 
It  has  Harwich  on  the  \V,and  is  91  miles 
from  Bofton.  The  tides  from  Narragan- 
fct  and  MafTachufetts  Bays,  arc  faid  to 
jjiett  opposite  this  town.  Clams  are 
fjfiind  in  great  abundance  here,  and  are 
made  an  article  of  profitabfe  tra{5c.  A 
thoufand  barrels,  worth  fix  dollars  a  bar- 
rel, arc  in  fomc  years  faltcd  here.  In 
3800,  there  were  141  dwelling  houfes  in 
this  town,  inhabited  by  174  families,  and 
1,095  fouls. 

Q/fear.s,  I/Ie  of,  is  fituated  in  the  river 
S*.  Lawr«i«e,    a  ^aU  dslbavc    below 


Qiitbrc,  End  n  remarkable  for  the  flih- 
nel's  of  its  foil.  !t  lies  in  the  middle  <jf 
the  river,  tire  channel  upon  the  S  fdc  of 
the  iiland,  the  N  fide  not  lisving  depth 
of  water  at  full  tide,  even  for  (hpJIw^, 
The  S  W  end  of  the  idand  <>  ca?Vd  FVhW 
Orlearrs,  The  coaO:  is  rocky  for  •»  Ts-'i-t 
and  a  half  within  the  S  chanuc!,  "whert 
there  is  a  careening  place  for  mcrchrcrt 
fliips.  Round  Point  l^vi,  and  >Jorg  tfct: 
S  E  fide  of  the  ri\*cr,  the  Orore  is^  ri*rkr, 
but  the  middle  of  the  hafca  is  enrireJy 
free. 

Oilcans^  Nev}.     Sce   Nc-O}   Drlrs'r^.t ItT.dk 

CrltanT^  OH  Fcrt,  is  utuated  r>V:  ?^x  W 
bank  of  a  bend  of  Miflburi  Kiv<:r,  ?ii 
Louiiiana,  a  conAderabJe  dlRaurc  fnmi 
its  mouth. 

OroJaht  Ftma^  o«  the  coifb  t>f  Pens,  J*. 
two  leagues  due  N  of  Lohos  At  P&ytv 
and  two  S  by  W  of  Payta, 

OirtKcofo,  a  river  of  New  Erwnfwirlt, 
which  empties  into  St.  John's  Rlitrcr.  Fy 
this  paflagc  th«  Indiana  haveaconsimMsi* 
cation  with  PafTamiiquoddy  Ba?. 

Oron.heh,  ati  Indian  tribe  whol^Tenr^f 
Trcis  Rivieres,  and  could  fumi3i  irto 
warriors  about  30  years  aga 

Oronch,  or  OroKoqut^  one  of  the  fe^^fS: 
rivers  of  S.  America,  and  «  Trrnssvfeat*!!? 
for  its  riling  and  falling  once  a  yosroolr-; 
for  it  gr.'.daaily  rifcs  during  the  f^ar e  o^ 
5  months,  and  then  remains  one*  szicnth 
ftatinnary,  after  which  it  ffclSs  for  ^ 
months,  and  ia  that  ftat'*  cotstsunsr*  fcr 
one  month  alfo.  Thcfe  a!t>ematcclutt«gc« 
arc  regular,  and  evtn  invarr^ib^c  Per- 
haps the  rifing  of  the  waters  of  tfec  rhrer 
may  depend  ou  the  rrins  which  confiaE*"- 
ly  fall  in  the  mountains  ai  the  A-nA^, 
(where  the  river  has  its  foiirce)  fmxy 
year  about  the  month  of  ApviS ;  arisll 
though  the  height  of  the  fl-ood  dcpnadf* 
much  upon  the  breadth  cr  cxtcni  «>f  tl&Mr 
bedof  the  river.yet  in  one  p;jrt  "'rfrirr;:??^ 
narrowtft,it  rifes  to  the  an:onriliic2-!ac»gt«£ 
of  ISO  feet.  The  mouth  of  tht  river  «» 
S  by  E  of  the  Gulf  of  Pari^  in  bx.  g  3» 
N,  and  long.  59  50  ¥7,  ar-d  oppt.fitcto^e 
FHand  of  I'rinidad.  It  13  large  attd  c?"^ 
gable,  and  ha»  many  good  towns  oa  iu 
banks,  that  are  chiefly  inliyb.tj-d  W  tSj^ 
SpaniA,  and  is  joined  aHb  on  ihc'2  St?5 
by  the  Lake  Cadpa.  Th»re  are  two  otf|- 
er  iiland-?  ^t  its  mos:th,  the  cntratirc  f^ 
which  is  sifo  fomc".vh.U  dangerc-vs,  "^y 
there  is  frequently  a  dreadful  ccnr'.-cl  Jk- 
tweon  the  tide  of  the  ocean  ar.d  the  ott- 
Tfut  9i  iks  riv«f,  tJw:  m^ik^ioz  t.it  re-i- 


d  R  p 


0  S  A 


fons  aflfigned,  fomctimes  run  very  rapid- 
}y.  It  is  faid  the  river,  including  its 
tvindings,  takes  a  courfc  of  1380  miles, 
and  prcferves  the  frefhnefs  of  its  waters 
ttvelve  Itagues  from  the  raouth  of  that  vaft 
and  deep  channel,  within  which  it  was 
confined.  It  may  be  conddercd,  howev- 
er, as  having  many  mouths,  which  are 
formed  by  the  iflands  that  lie  before  its  i 
opening  towards  the  ocean  ;  yet  there  are 
enly  two  that  are  confidered  as  of  any 
»fe  for  the  purpofes  of  navigation.  Thefc 
are  the  channels  of  Sabarima  and  Coro- 
bana,  otherwife  called  Caribbiana.  The 
latter  lies  in  a  S  by  W  diredlion,  and  is 
alfo  divided  into  two  diflin<Sl  channels 
that  afterwards  meet  again  at  the  ifland 
of  Trinidad  in  the  mouth  of  the  Grand 
River.  But  pilots  pretend  to  fay,  that 
the  mouth  of  this  great  river  begins  from 
the  river  Amugora,  reaching  from  thence 
to  the  river  Sabarima,  and  from  thence 
about  to  the  riv^r  Caribbiana  :  andfomc 
accounts  ftatc  its  mouths  to  be  40  in  num- 
ber, as  if  it  were  a  colle(Slion  of  many 
rivers,  all  uniting  at  the  mouth  of  the 
great  river,  and  aflifting  to  convey  the 
main  flream  of  that  river  into  the  ocean. 
The  weft  paflage  or  channel  of  the  river 
Oronoko,  called  by  the  Spaniards  the 
Gulf  of  Paria,  lies  between  Cape  Salinas 
on  the  main  and  the  north-weft  point  of 
the  ifland  of  Trinidad.  It  contains  fev- 
eral  iflands,  which  divide  the  ftream  of 
the  river  into  ieveral  branches,  particu- 
larly the  Great  Eoco,  or  Mouth,  which  is 
the  eaflernmoft,  being  about  gun-lliot 
wide,  but  having  no  foundings,  with  300 
fathoms,  and  the  Little  Boco,  or  Mouth, 
which  is  the  wefternmoft,  being  almoft  as 
wide  as  the  other,  and  having  ground  at 
from  50  to  60  fathoms.  At  New  Cape 
Araya,  on  the  northward  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  this  river,  are  fait  pits,  which 
yield  the  finefl  fait  in  the  world.  In  fome 
maps,  the  head-waters  are  called  Inirchia. 

Oronoko^  Little.      See  Mocomoco. 

Oronos  IJland,  in  Penobfcot  River,  at 
the  N  end  of  Marfli's  Ifland. 

Oropefa^  a  town  in  the  jurifdii5lion  of 
La  Plata,  S.  America  ;  fituatcd  do  miles 
N  W  of  that  city,  In  the  valley  of  Cocha- 
bamba,  on  a  fmall  rivulet  which  empties 
into  the  river  Guapay.  It  has  a  coniid- 
crablc  trade  in  corn  and  fruits. 

Oropefa^  a  town  of  S.  America,  in  Peru, 
feated  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  750 
miles  from  Lima,  and  150  N  E  of  Potofi. 
S  lat.  18,  \V  long.  63  30. 

Qr^lant  Bank,  a  fiflwr'g  bank  off  tbc  S 


E  point  of  Chaleur's  Bay,  on  the  N  t  c©afi 
of  New-Brunfwick,  in  N.  America.  Oa 
it  is  from  75  to  30  fathoms  water. 

Orphans  IJland^  in  Lake  Ontario,  U. 
Canada,  lies  off  the  eaft  ihore  of  Maryf- 
burgh,  and  near  to  it  in  Traverfe  Bay. 

Orrington^  a  town  in  Hancock  co.Maine, 
at  the  head  of  the  tide  on  the  eaft  fide  of 
Penobfcot  River,  oppoftte  the  towns  of 
Bangor  and  Haraden,  3  a  miles  northerly 
from  Caftinc.     It  has  785  inhabitants. 

Orrpoilley  Grainger  co.  Tenneflee.  Here 
is  a  poft  office,  501  miles  from  Waflaing- 
ton. 

Or/on s  IJland,  in  Penobfcot  River,  lies 
at  the  head  or  N  end  of  Marfli's  ffland. 
It  contains  about  1000  acres.  (N.  B. 
This  ifland  and  Orano  take  their  names 
from  Indian  Chiefs  their  proprietors.) 

Orua^  or  Aruba^  the  moft  wefierly  of  the 
Carlbbee  Iflands,  called  by  the  Spaniard* 
Lcs  Ifles  de  Sottovento.  It  Is  on  the  coafl: 
of  the  Spanilh  Main.  N  lat.  la  3,  W 
long.  6()  2,. 

Oruro,  a  jurifdi(5lion  in  the  archblfliop- 
ric  of  La  Plata.  Its  capital  is  San  Phe- 
lipe  de  Auftria  de  Oruro,  30  leagvres  fronj 
the  city  of  La  Plata. 

Orivel,  a  poft  town  of  Vermont,  the 
north-wefternmoft  in  Rutland  co.  on  the 
E  fide  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  contains 
1376  inhabitants.  Mount  Independence 
ftands  in  this  townfliip  oppofite  Ticonde- 
roga.  Near  Mount  Independence  is  a 
chalybeate  fpring, 

Orxvell  Rivrr,  U.  Canada,  rifcs  in  a  long 
marfh  towards  the  river  Thames,  and 
running  foutherly  difcharges  itfelf  into 
Lake  Erie,  between  Landguard  and  the 
North  Foreland,  having  about  2^  feet  of 
water  on  its  bar.  There  is  water  enough 
for  a  loaded  boat  to  go  three  miles  up 
this  river.  The  land  on  each  fide  in  ma- 
ny places  confifts  of  large  rich  flats,  ad- 
joining the  river,  which  appear  at  times 
to  have  been  overflowed  ;  and  on  the 
adjacent  highlands  is  a  deep  black  foil. 
Smyii. 

0/ages,  an  Indian  nation  who  inhabit  oa 
the  river  of  the  fame  name,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Miflx)uri,  about  80  league* 
from  its  confluence  with  it.  They  num- 
ber aooo  warriors,  who  live  In  two  fettle- 
ments  near  each  other.  They  are  of  a 
gigantic  ftature  and  well  proportioned, 
are  enemies  of  the  whites  and  of  all  other 
Indian  nations,  and  commit  depredations 
from  the  Illinois  to  the  Arkanfas.  The 
trade  of  this  nation  is  faid  to  be  under 
an  cjtcluitve  gr?,ar,  They  are  a  cruel  and 
forociov'.s 


b  SN 


OSS 


f'erocioui  race,  hated  and  feared  tiy  all  the 
other  Indians.  J^ff^''/'^"- 

Ofjge,  a  river  of  Louifinna,  which  runs 
trom  the  W  into  the  right  bank  of  the 
MifTouri,  about  24  miles  from  the  Milli- 
fippr. 

Ofgopie  Toivnjhip,  in  the  county  of  Duri- 
daT,  17.  Canada,  is  the  fecond  townfliip 
on  the  eafl:  fide  of  the  Radcau,  in  afcend- 
in|^  that  river. 

Of.iahruck  Toivnjhip,  in  the  colinty  of 
Stormont  in  U;  Canada,  is  the  4th  town- 
!fhfp  in  afcending  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 
Tlie  Rapid  called  the  Long  Sault,  lies  in 
front  of  this  townfliip  ;  the  boats  in  go- 
ing up  keep  the  north  fliOre,  in  great 
rneafure,  becaufe  the  fouth  fliore  is  not 
fettled  ;  but  in  defcending  they  univer- 
iaily  pafs  between  the  iiflands  and  the 
fouth  (bore,  that  being  the  largeft,  dcep- 
efl:,  and  altogether  the  fafeftpafiage.  The 
inhabitants  of  late  years  have  taken  down 
their  grain  with  fafety,  on  r.ift«,  to  the 
Atontreal  markets.  Many  think  that 
the  lumber  trade  is  carried  on  with  more 
fafety  down  thefe  rapids,  than  by  thofe 
tvhlch  pafs  Chambly,  from  Lake  Cham- 
plain  ;  it  being  a  frequent  obfervation  at 
^ebcc,  that  the  rafts  from  the  upper 
St.  Lawrence  are  lefs  ragged  than  thofe 
\vhlch  come  from  La\e  Champlain. 
There  is  however  fome  little  additional 
tifk  to  the  rafts  from  IL  Canada,  by  rea- 
fon  of  having  to  pafs  the  fmail  lakes  St. 
Francis  and  St.  Louis  ;  all  broad  waters 
being  more  or  Jefs  againft  the  rafting 
tiade.  But  as  the  lake  St.  Pierre,  which 
is  larger  than  either  St.  Francis  or  St. 
Louis,  muft  be  palTed,  whether  from  Lake 
Champlain  or  the  Upper  St.  Lawrence, 
there  is  no  doubt  but  the  lumber  trade 
will  find  its  way  down  the  St.  Lawrence. 
Some  fcttlers  have  already  made  the  at- 
tempt, even  from  the  head  of  the  B.iy  of 
Quinti  ;  and  when  the  produye  of  that 
very  fertile  country  fliall  be  exported  for 
the  Montreal  or  foreign  markets,  the 
raft  will  anfwer  a  double  purpofc  ;  it 
requires  but  a  few  hands  to  manage  it, 
and  grain  or  pot-afli  may  be  carried  as 
dry  as  in  any  other  way.  Smyth. 

Ofnaburgi  afmall  Ulaud  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  having  the  appearance  of  the  roof 
of  a  houfe.  It  is  about  4  leagues  in  cir- 
cuit; is  highland;  full  of  cocoa-trees; 
has  no  anchoring  place,  and  fcarcely  af- 
fords landing  for  a  boat.  It  was  diicov- 
crcd  by  Capt.  Wallis,  and  is  called  Maitea 
by  the  natives.  S  lat.  17  .52,  W  long. 
148  6. 

Vpt.  I,  Esc 


bfnahti'r^^  another  ifland  in  the  fame 
fea,  difcovered  by  Capt.  Carteret.  S  lat. 
a2,W  long.  141  34. 

OfnabuYg  Houfe,  a  fettlement  of  the 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  in  N.  America  ; 
fituated  at  the  N  E  corner  of  Lake  St. 
Jofeph,  120  miles  W  by  S  of  Gloucefter 
Houfe.     N  lat.  51,  W  long.  90  15. 

Oforno,  an  inland  town  of  the  kingdom 
of  Chiii,  on  the  N  bank  of  the  river  Bue- 
na  ;  42  miles  eaft  of  the  fea-coaft,  and 
45  S  E  of  Baldivia.  The  adjacent  coun- 
try is  unfruitful,  but  very  rich  in  gold, 
mines,  \vhich  renders  t!ie  place  very  pop- 
ulous.    S  lat.  40  30,  W  long.  71  50. 

OJabaiv  Siund  and  I/land^  on  the  coaft 
of  Georgia.  The  found  opens  between 
Wafiaw  Ifland  on  the  N  and  Oflabaw  Ifl- 
and on  the  S,  and  leads  into  the  river 
Ogeechee. 

OJfapse^  Or  Ofaf>y^  a  pofl  town,  moun- 
tain, and  pond,  in  N.  Hampfliire,  Strat- 
ford CO.  near  the  E  line  of  the  State. 
The  town  was  incorporated  in  1785,  and 
has  804  inhabitants.  The  lake  lies  N  E 
'of  Winnipift  ogee  Lake,  between  which, 
and  OfTapee  Lake  is  QJfapee  Mountain.  Its 
waters  run  E,  and,  joined  by  South  Riv- 
er, form  Great  OJfjpee  River ^  which  emp- 
ties into  Saco  Pviver,  near  the  dlvifion  line 
between  York  and  Cumberland  counties, 
in  Maine,  between  Limerick  and  Gor- 
ham. 

Ojfnnlian^  or  yjjfcnehoyne  Indians^  a  tribe 
found  about  the  fource  of  OfTnobian  or 
AfTeneboyne  River,  far  \V  of  l-ake  Supe- 
rior. They  are  faid  by  the  Moraviaa 
milTionaries  to  live  AvhoMy  on  animal 
food,  or  at  leaft  to  confine  themfclves  to 
the  fpontaneous  prodndtions  of  nature, 
giving  thofe  who  dig  the  ground  the  ap- 
pellation o^JIaves.  Bread  h  unknown  to 
them,  A  traveller,  who  lived  fomc 
months  in  their  country,  offered  to  fome 
a  few  remn,^.nt8  of  bread,  which  thejr 
chewed  and  fplt  our  again,  calling  it  rot- 
ten wood.  Thefe  Indians,  as  well  as  thofe 
numerous  nations  who  inhabit  the  coun- 
try from  Lake  Superior,  towards  the 
Shining  Mountains,  are  great  admirers  of 
the  befl;  hunting-horfes,  in  which  the 
country  abounds.  The  horfes  prepared 
by  them  for  hunters,  have  large  holes  cut 
above  their  natural  noflriU,  which  they 
fay  makes  thtm  longer  winded  than  oth- 
ers not  thu?  prepared.  The  Oifnobians 
have  no  permanent  place  of  abode,  but 
live  wliolly  in  tents  made  of  bufFaloeand 
other  hides,  with  which  they  travel  from 
one  place  to  another,  hke  the  Arabs  ; 

an-i 


OTA 


OTA 


andas  fo©n  ?.s  the  food  for  their  horfes  is 
expended,  they  remove,  and  pitch  their 
tents  in  another  fertile  fpot ;  and  fo  on 
continually,  fcarcely  ever  returning  to 
the  fame  fpots  again. 

OJiico^  a  fmall  lake  in  Onondago  co.  N. 
York,  partly  in  the  S  E  corner  of  Mar- 
cellus,  and  N  W  corner  of  the  townfliip 
of  Tully.  It  fends  its  waters  from  the  N 
end,  which  is  eight  miles  S  wefterly  of 
Onondago  Caftle,  by  a  fbeam  1 6  miles 
lonj^,  to  Salt  Lake. 

bjVincsy  or  Charlejlotvn,  a  confiderable 
town  in  the  ifland  of  Barbadocs. 

OfivegatchU^  Netv^  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
tiver  St.  Lawrence,  U.  Canada,  is  in  the 
townfliip  of  Angufta., 

Ofivegatchie  R'mer^  runs  a^  N  weflerly 
courfe  from,  its  fource  into  St.  Lawrence 
CO.  N.  York ;  it  then  bends  S,  and  then 
1)1  and  N  E  about  ^5  miles,  and  then  turns 
and  purfues  a  wefterly  courfe,  by  the 
northern  part  of  the  lake  of  its  name,  the 
waters  of  which  it  receives,  and  thearuns 
7  miles  N  W  into  the  St.  Lawreaee.  The 
lake  of  this  name  is  about  t8  miles  long, 
from  S  W  to  N  E,  and  fends  it»  waters 
north- eaflward  into  the  river  of  its  name. 
It  is  about  10  miles  N  E  of  The  Thou- 
fand  Lakes,  near  the  entrance  Into  Lake 
Ontario. 

Of'wegatchia,  an  Indian  tribe  refiding 
at  Sv.agp.tchty,  ^n  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
in  Canada.  'I'hcy  could  furnifli  about 
ICO  warriors,  30  years  ago. 

Of-zi'fgo,  a  navigable  nver  of  N.  York, 
■which  conveys  the  wasters  of  Oneida  and 
a  number  of  fmall  lakes,  into  Lake  Onta- 
rio. It  is  more  commouly  called  Ononda- 
ga ;  which  fee. 

Oj'-wego,  a  fortrcfs  Titur.tcd  on  the  E  fide 
of  the  mouth  of  the  above  river,  and  S  E 
fide  of  Lake  Ontario,  in  lat.  43  20'  N^and 
long.  75  43  "VV.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Britifli  from  the  French  in  17^6,  and  con- 
firmed to  them  by  the  peace  of  1763.  It 
■was  delivered  up  to  the  U;iited  States 
July  14, 1796.  It  i.s  about  150  or  1 60  miles 
E  by  N  of  Niagara,     ticrc  is  a  poll  office. 

Ofivego  Creei,  Great,  in  the  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, U.  Canada,  runr,  into  the  river  Wei- 
land,  above  the  Little  Ofwego  Creek  near 
the  N  W  part  of  the  townlhip  of  Wain- 
fleet. 

Otabalo,  a  jurifdidVion  in  the  province 
of  Quito,  joined  on  the  S  to  that  of  San 
Miguel  de  Ibarra.  The  lands  are  laid 
out  in  plantations,  and  produce  great 
quantities  of  fugar.  The  Indians  in  the 
irillagcsj  as  alfo  thofe  who  are  indepen- 


dent, ir^anufacflure  great  variety  ef  coN 
tons,  viz.  carpets,  pavilions  for  beds,  qtiiltp- 
in  damafk  work,  wholly  of  cotton,  either 
white,  blue,  or  variegated  with  different 
colours;  all  which  are  highly  valued, 
both  in  the  province  of  Quito  and  Peru, 
where  they  are  difpofed  of  to  great  ad- 
vantage. The  wheat  and  barley  here,  19 
fowed  like  Indian  corn,  in  little  holes,  a 
foot  diflant  from  each  other,  putting  5  or 
6  corns  into  each ;  and  they  generally 
reap  above  an  hundred  fold.  I'he  coun- 
try is  remarkably  fertile,  and  large  quan.* 
titles  of  cheefe  are  made. 

Olabalo,  the  principal  village  of  the 
above  jurifdicElion,  is  large  and  populous, 
and  is  faid  to  contain  18,000  or  ao,ooo 
fouls.  Among  them  u  a  confiderable 
number  of  Spaniards. 

Otaha^onc  of  the  Society  Iflands  in  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  whofe  north  end  Is  la 
lat.  16  2,2  Touth,  and  long.  151  20  weft. 
It  has  two  good  harbours.  See  Obamene 
and  Oheruruth 

Oiabeite,  the  Sagitarta  of  Qulros,  who- 
fkfl  difcovered  it  in  1606,  one  of  the  So- 
ciety Iflands,  in  the  South  Sea.  It  was 
firfl  vifited  by  Capt.  Wallis  in  1767,  and 
afterwards  by  Capt.  Cook  and  other  cir- 
cumnavigators. It  confifls  of  a  peninfu- 
las,  which  are  connetSled  by  a  low  neck 
of  land,  about  0,  miles  over  ;  the  circum- 
ference of  both  peninfulaa  is  fomewhat 
more  than  90  miles.  The  whole  ifland 
is  furrounded  by  a  reef  of  coral  rocksj 
within  which  the  fliore  forms  feveral  ex- 
cellent bays  and  harbours,  where  there  is 
room  and  depth  of  water  for  any  number 
of  the  largefl  fhips.  The  face  of  the 
country,  except  that  part  of  it  which  bor- 
ders upon  the  fea,  is  very  uneven  ;  It 
rifes  in  ridges  that  run  up  into  the  mid- 
dle of  the  ifland,  and  there  form  moun- 
tains, that  may  be  ftcn  at  the  diflance  of 
60  miles.  Between  thefe  ridges  and  the 
fea  is  a  horder  of  low  land  extending 
along  all  the  coafl,  except  in  a  few  places, 
where  the  ridges  rife  diri(Slly  from  the 
fea.  This  border  Is  of  diiTcrent  breadths, 
but  no  where  more  than  a  mile  and  a^ 
hrdf.  There  are  feveral  rivers  which 
precipitate  their  waters  from  the  moun- 
tains. Not  the  leafl  appearance  of  min- 
erals is  to  be  found.  The  flones  fliew 
evident  tokens  of  having  been  burned. 
Traces  of  fire  are  alfo  manifefl  in  the 
very  clay  upon  the  hiils.  It  may  there- 
fore not  unreafonably  be  fnppoled,  that, 
this  and  the  neighbouring  iflands  are  ei- 
ther fliattered  remains  of  a  continent, 

whick 


OTA 


O  T  C 


-which  were  left  behind  when  the  refl  was 
funk  by  the  explofion  of  a  fubterraneous 
fire,  or  have  been  torn  from  rocks  under 
the  bed  of  the  fea,  by  the  fame  caufc, 
and  thrown  up  in  heap*  to  an  height 
which  the  waters  never  reach.  The  foil, 
except  upon  the  very  tops  of  the  ridges, 
is  extremely  rich  and  fertile,  watered  by 
a  great  number  of  rrvulets  of  cxcelleii|J 
■^ater,  and  covered  with  fruit  trees  of  va- 
rious kinds,  fomc  of  which  are  of  a  ftate- 
ly  growth  and  thick  foHage,  fo  as  to 
form  one  continued  wood  ;  even  the  tops 
of  the  ridges,  though  in  general  bare  and 
burnt  up  by  the  fun,  are  in  fome  parts 
Bot  without  their  produce.  The  low 
lands  between  the  foot  of  the  ridges  and 
the  fea,  and  fomc  of  the  interjacent  val- 
iies,  are  the  only  parts  of  the  ifland  that 
arc  inhabited.  Here  indeed  it  is  popu- 
lous. The  houfes  do  not  form  villages 
or  towns,  but  are  ranged  along  the  v/hole 
border,  at  the  diftancc  of  about  50  yards 
from  each  other.  When  the  itland  was 
€rll  dlfcovered,  hogs,  dogs  and  poultry 
were  the  only  tame  animals ;  d^jcks, 
pigeons,  paroquets,  with  a  few  other 
birds,  and  rats,  the  only  wild  animals. 
The  breed  of  hogs  has  been  greatly  im- 
proved from  Europe.  Cats,  dogs,  goats, 
hens,  geefc,  peacocks,  ducks,  cattle,  horfes 
and  flieep  have  been  introduced  here. 
Beafts  of  prey,  or  noxious  reptiles,  there 
arc  none.  The  vcgetabie  produftions  are 
bread-fruit,  cocoa-nuts,  banannas  of  13 
forts,  and  all  excellent ;  plantains,  a  fruit 
refembling  an  apple  ;  fweet  potatoes, 
yams,  and  cocoas.  The  people  exceed 
the  middle  fize  of  Europeans  in  ftaturc. 
In  their  difpofitions,  they  are  brave,  open, 
and  generous,  without  either  fufpicion  or 
treachery.  Except  a  few  traces  of  nat- 
ural cunning,  and  fome  traits  of  diffimu- 
lation,  equally  artlefs  and  inofFcnfive, 
they  jxfiTefs  the  niofl:  perfcA  limplicity 
of  charadler.  Their  actions  are  guided 
hy  the  immediate  impulfe  of  the  reign- 
ing paffion.  Their  paflions  are  the  gen- 
uine effafions  of  the  heart,  which  they 
have  never  been  taught  to  difguife  or 
reprcfs,  and  are  tlverefore  depi(5ted  by 
the  flrongeft  expreffions  of  countenance 
and  gefture.  Their  feelings  are  lively, 
but  in  no  cafe  permanent :  they  are  af- 
fetSled  by  all  the  changes  of  the  paffiug 
hour,  and  refle(5l  the  colour  of  the  time, 
however  frequently  it  ma)'^  vary.  Their 
vivacity  is  never  difturbed  by  anxiety  or 
care  ;  brought  to  the  brink  of  the  grave 
hy  diieale,  or  when  preparing  to  go  to 


'  battle,  their  faces  are  unclouded  by  mel- 
ancholy or  ferious  reflection.  Their  lan- 
guage is  foft  and  melodious ;  it  abounds 
with  vowels,  and  is  eafily  pronounced. 
It  is  rich  in  beautiful  and  figurative  tx- 
preiTions,  and  admits  of  that  inverted  ar- 
rangement of  words,  which  diftinguiflics 
the  ancient  from  moft  modern  languages. 
It  is  fo  copious,  that  for  the  bread-fruit 
alone  they  have  above  twenty  names. 
Add  to  this,  that  befides  the  common  dia- 
lect, they  often  expoftulate  iil  a  kind  of 
ftanza  or  recitative.  The  two  peninfulas 
are  but  one  kingdom.  The  number  of 
inhabitants.  In  1774,  was  eftimated  by 
Capt.  Cock  at  204,000.  The  power  and 
flrength  of  this  and  the  neighbouring  ifl- 
ands  lie  entirely  in  their  navies  ;  and  all 
their  decifive  battles  are  fought  on  the 
water.  Otaheite  alone  is  fuppofed  able 
to  fend  ^ut  1720  war  canoes,  and  68poo 
able  men.  The  chief  of  each  diftriA 
fuperintends  the  equipping  of  the  fleet  ia 
that  diftrid: ;  but  they  mufl:  all  pafs  in 
review  before  the  king,  fo  that  he  knows 
the  ftate  of  the  whole  befor^"  they  aflcm- 
ble  to  go  on  fervice.  It  is  faid  that  whea 
a  bone  is  fo  fliattered  that  a  piece  is  miff- 
ing, they  infert  &  piece  of  wood  between 
the  fractured  ends,  which  heals  over  in  a 
few  days.  Women  are  not  allowed  to  eat 
with  the  meii.  The  man  is  at  full  liberty 
to  leave  his  wife  till  fhe  becomes  a  moth- 
er ;  then  he  may,  if  he  will,  deftroy  the 
child.  If  the  child  he.  preferved  they 
feldom  part,  but  the  man  may  rake  anoth- 
er wife.  Diftlrcnt  deities  are  worfliip- 
ped  in  different  parts  of  the  ifland.  If 
they  fee  others  more  profperous  than 
themfelves,  they  adopt  their  gods  and  re- 
jedl  their  own.  They  believe  the  foul 
immortal,  but  have  not  diftindt  ideas  of 
rewards  and  punilhments.  Though  they 
are  the  raofi:  friendly  and  amiable  pagans 
in  the  world,  human  facrifices  arc  com- 
mon. To  atone  for  their  fins,  they  mur- 
der their  neighbours,  ofler  them  to  their 
gods,  and  leave  their  bones  on  the  fand. 
The  London  Miirionary  Society,  in  the 
fpirit  of  their  Divine  Mafter,  have  fent  a 
number  of  milfionaries  to  this  ifland,  to 
St.  Chridiana  and  Tongataboo.  Otaheite 
is  in  lat.  iS  S.  long.  150  W. 

Ot(7hootai,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  S.  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  4  leagues  from  Wateeoo,  and 
about  3  miles  in  circuit.  S  lat.  19  ij, 
W  long.  158  23. 

Otchier^  a  bay  on  tlie  N  coaft  of  S. 
America,  to  the  W  of  the  river  Urano, 
and  E  of  Cape  Caldcxo. 

9tsavanoesa 


O  T  T 


O  U  A 


large  and  fpaclouh  har- 
the  S  W  ccaft  of  the 
.ola,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
o  lat.  i6  30,  W  long.  151  43. 

Otisf.eld,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
j\4aine,  E  of  Bridgetown.  A  ftream  from 
Scngo  Pond  paiies  through  the  weftcrly 
part  of  this  town,  on  its  way  to  Sebago. 
It  is  very  free  of  ragged  hills  and  moun- 
tains. The  greateft  part  of  it  affords  a 
growth  of  beech,  maple,  alli,  bafs,  and 
birch,  and  is  good  land,  it  contains  450 
inhabitants. 

Otogamici,  an  Indian  nation  In  the  N. 
"W.  Territory,  who  inhabit  between  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  and  Miffifippi  Kiv^i;. 
Warriors  300. 

Oioqucjin  ifland  on  the  W  coaft  of  New- 
IMexico,  in  the  Bay  of  Panama,  17  leagues 
S  of  the  city  of  that  name,  from  whence 
it  is  fupplied  with  provifions.  ^  lat.  7 
50,  W  long.  81  10. 

Oi/ego,  a  county  of  N.  York,  on  tlic  S 
fide  of  Mohawk  River.  It  has  Herke- 
iner  co.  N,  Schoharie  E,  Delaware  S,  and 
Chenango  W.  The  head  waters  of  Suf- 
quehannah,  and  the  Cookquago  branch 
of  Delaware,  interfedl:  this  county.  Here 
are  alfo  the  lakes  Ocfego  and  Caniad^ra- 
go,  which  lend  their  waters,  in  an  united 
fiream,  to  the  Sufquchannak.  It  has  1788 
inhabitants.  In  1791,  when  this  county 
was  but  thinly  fettled,  as  many  as  300 
chefls  of  maple  fugar  were  manufadlured 
here,  40olbs.  each.  The  courts  are  held 
»t  Cooperftown,  in  the  tpwuthip  pf  Ot- 
fego. 

Oi/egOj  a  townfliip  and  lake,  in  the 
county  above  dcfcribed.  The  townfiiip 
*vas  taken  fromUnadilIa,and  incorporat- 
ed in  1796.  On  the  E  the  townfiiip  en- 
clofes Lake Otfego, which  feparatcs  it  from 
Cherry  Valley.  This  lake  is  the  head  of 
the  Sufquehannah  River,  and  is  about  9 
miles  long,  and  a  little  more  than  a  mile 
wide.  The  lands  on  its  banks  are  very 
good,  and  the  cultivation  of  it  eafy.  It 
contains  4,2,24  inhabitants. 

Ottaivat,  an  Indian  nation  who  inhabit 
the  E  fide  of  Lake  Michigan,  21  miles 
from  Michillimackinack,  in  Wayne  coun- 
ty or  Territory.  Their  hunting  grounds 
lie  between  Lakes  Michigan  and  Huron. 
They  could  furnifli  200  warriors  30  years 
ago.  A  tribe  of  thefe  alfo  lived  near  St. 
Joftph's,  and  had  150  warriors.  Anoth- 
er tribe  lived  with  the  Chippewa^,  on  Sa- 
guinam  B.<y,  who  together  could  raife 
nco  warriors.  I'wo  of  thefe  tribes  lately 
h«ftilei  ii£.ntd  the  treaty  of  peace  with 


the  United  vStates,  at  Greenville,  Augult 
3d,  1795.  In  confequence  of  lands  ceded 
by  them  to  the  Uuifed  States,  govern- 
ment has  agreed  to  pay  them  in  goods^ 
icoo  dollars  a  year,  forever. 

Ottaiua^or  Grand Rmcr.  See  Grand  JRi'ver, 

Gttsr  Bay,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  inland, 
of  Newfoundland,  is  between  Bear  and 
J^-ift  Bays,  aud  near  Cape  Raye. 

Otter  C-esk,  called  by  the  French  Rivioe 
a  Lot r is,  a  river  of  Vermont,  wliich  rife* 
in  Bromley,  and  purfuing  a  northern  di- 
re<flIon  about  9a miles,  empties  into  Lake 
Champlaiu  at  Ferrilburg;  and  in  its  courfe 
receives  about  15  fmall  tributary  ftreams. 
In  it  are  large  falls  at  Rutland,  Pittsford, 
Middlebury,  and  Vergennes.  Betweci\ 
the  falls  the  water  is  deep  and  navigable 
for  the  largeft  boats.  Veffels  of  any  bur- 
den may  go  up  to  the  falls  at  VergenncSj 
5  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  head  of 
this  river  is  not  more  than  30  feet  from 
Batten  Kill,  which  runs  in  a  contrary  di- 
rection, and  falls  into  Hudson's  River^ 
Its  mouth  is  3  miles  N  of  £a/hn  Harbour, 

Ctter  Creek,  a  fmall  ftrcam  which  en)p-; 
ties  into  Kentucky  Rivci:,  E  pf  Booaf« 
l)orough. 

Otter  s  Head,  a  remarkable  high  rockj^ 
on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake  Superior,  \J  of 
the  river  Rouge,  Upper  Canada. 

Otter  Stream,  a  branch  of  Great  Works. 
River,  both  which  by  one  mouth  of  10. 
rods,  unite  and  fall  into  Penobfcot  on  it« 
E  fidC)  oppolite  Marfli  Ifland,  about  two, 
miles  below  the  Great  Falls,  and  lO  above 
the  head  of  the  tide. 

Ouabajh.     See  Wahcjh  Hiiter. 

Ouais^s  Bay  and  River,  are  about  two, 
leagues  round  tiie  N  point  of  the  ifland 
of  Cape  Breton,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence. 

Ouanamintbe,  a  French  parifli  and  viK- 
lagc  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St, 
Domingo,  fi,ve  leagues  S  E  of  Fort  Dau- 
phin. 

Qtiaquaphenogaiv ,  or  Ehanfanoka,  or  Qkev_ 
fgnole,  is  a  lake  or  rather  marili,  between, 
Flint  and  Oakmulgee  River.*;,  in  Georgia, 
faid  to  be  nearly  300  miles  in  circumfe- 
rence, in  wet  feafons  it  appears  like  an^ 
inland  fea,  and  has  feyeral  large  iflauds  of 
rich  land  ;  one  of  which  the  prefent  gen- 
eration of  Creek  Indians  rcprefentas  the 
moft  blifsful  fpot  on  earth.  They  fay- 
it  is  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  race  of  In- 
dians, whofe  women  are  incomparably 
beautiful.  They  tell  that  this  terreflrial 
paradil'e  has  been  feen  by  fome  enterpri- 
UH^  hunters,  wlieu  in  purfuit  of  their. 


GUI 


O  V  E 


game,  who,  being  loft  in  inextricable  [ 
Iwamps  and  bogs,  and  on  the  point  of  j 
periihing,  were  uncxpe<5ledly  relieved  by 
a  company  of  beautiful  women,  whom 
they  call  Daughters  of  the  Sun,  wIk) 
kindly  gave  them  fuch  provifions  as  they 
had  with  them,  corjifting  of  fruit  and 
corn  cakes,  and  then  enjoined  them  to 
fly  for  faf/sty  to  their  own  country,  bc- 
caufe  their  hufbands  were  fierce  men,  and 
cruel  to  ftrangers.  They  further  fay, 
fhat  thefe  hunters  had  a  view  of  their 
fettlements,  iituated  on  the  elevated  banks 
of  an  ifiand,  in  a  beautiful  lake  ;  but  in 
all  their  endeavours  to  approach  it,  they 
were  involved  in  perpetual  labyrinths,and 
like  enchanted  land,  ftill  as  they  imagin- 
td  they  had  juft  gained  it,  it  feemed  to 
fly  before  them  ;  and  having  quitted  the 
delufive  purfuit,  they  with  much  difficul- 
ty effected  a  retreat.  They  tell  another 
ftory  concerning  this  fequeftered  country, 
which  feems  not  improbable,  which  is, 
thattheinhabitantsare  the  pofterity  of  the 
fugitive  remnant  of  the  ancient  Tame/es, 
who  cfcaped  maflacrc  after  a  bloody  and 
detifive  battle  between  them  and  the 
Creeks,  (who,  it  is  certain,  conquered  and 
pearly  exterminated  that  once  powerful 
people)  and  here  found  an  afylum,  remote 
and  fecure  from  the  fury  of  their  proud 
conquerors.  The  rivers  St.  Mary  and  Si- 
tilla,  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic,  and  the 
*  beautiful  little  St.  Juan,  which  empties 
I  into  the  bay  of  Appalachi  at  St.  Mark's, 
I  are  faid,  by  Bartram,  to  flow  from  this 

i  this  lake.  "  The  dimenfions  of  thh/wamp 

are  yet  but  little  known,  but  are  certain- 
ly much  lefs  than  have  generally  been 
iuppofed."  Eiljcott. 

Ouafioto  Mountains  are  fituated  N  "W  of 
the  Laurel  Mountains  in  North  Carolina 
and  Virginia.  They  are  50  or  60  miles 
wide  at  the  pap,  and  450  in  length,  N  E 
and  S  W.  They  abound  in  coal,  lime 
iind  free-ftone.  Their  fummits  are  gen- 
rally  covered  with  good  foil,  and  a  varie- 
ty of  timber,  and  the  interval  laiids  are 
well  watered. 

Ouepas,  a  town  on  the  coaft  of  Cofta  Rica, 
on  the  N- Pacific  Ocean,  and  S  of  Carthago. 
Ouiatanoriy  a  fmail  ftockaded  fort  in  the 
Indiana  I'erritory,  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Wabaili,  in  lat.  40  38  N,  and  long.  87 
J58  W.  This  was  formerly  a  French  port. 
Thus  far  the  Wab^fli  is  navigable,  412 
iniles  from  its  mouth,  for  batteaux  draw- 
ing three  feet  water.  A  filver  mine  has 
^een  dilcovered  here.  The  neighbouring 
^dians  arc  the  KickanopSj,  Mufquitgas, 


Pyamkifliaws,  and  a  principal  part  of  the 
Ouiatiinons,  The  whole  of  thefe  tribe* 
could  furuifh,  about  30  years  ago,  1000 
warriors.  The  fertility  of  foil,  and  diver- 
fity  of  timber,  in  this  country  are  the  fame 
as  in  the  vicinity  of  Pofl  St.  Vincennes. 

Ouineajke,  or  Shelburn£  Bay,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Lake  Champlain,  fets  up  foutheallerljr 
through  the  town  of  Burlington  in  Ver- 
mont, into  the  northern  part  of  Shclburnc 

Ouifconjtngy  a  navigable  river  of  the  N. 
W.  Territory,  which  empties  into  the 
Mifllfippi  in  lat.  43  ^iTt^  and  long.  94  8; 
where  arc  villages  of  the  Sack  and  Foit 
tribes  of  Indians.  This  river  has  a  com- 
munication with  Fox  River,  which,  paf- 
fing  through  Winnebago  Lake,  enters  P«* 
an  Bay  in  Lake  Michigan.  Between  the 
two  rivers  there  is  a  portage  of  only  three 
miles.  On  this  river  and  its  branche* 
refide  the  Indians  of  its  name.  Warriors 
300. 

Qleout  Creek  empties  into  the  Sufque* 
hannah  River,  in  the  townfhip  of  Sidney, 
Delaware  co.  New  York. 

Oufe^  (formerly  the  Grand  River  J  rifet 
in  the  country  belonging  to  the  Chip^pe- 
wa  and  MiffalTaga  Indians,  and  running 
foutherly,  through  the  W  riding  of  the 
county  of  York,  crofies  Dundas  Street, 
and  paffing  between  the  counties  of  Lin-^ 
coin  and  Norfolk,  difembogues  itfelf  into 
Lake  Erie,  about  half  way  between  the 
North  Foreland  and  Fort  Erie.  The  l>ar 
at  the  mouth  of  this  river  has  from  7  to 
9  feet  water;  it  1*  about  a  caWe  and  a 
half  in  length  from  the  mouth  of  the  rrv» 
er  to  the  middle  of  the  bar.  It  is  naviga- 
ble many  miles  up  for  fmall  veffels,  and  a 
confiderablc  di fiance  for  l>oats.  About 
40  miles  up  this  river  is  the  Mohawk 
Village.  The  Senecas,  Onondagoes,  Cay- 
ugas,  Augagas,  Delawares,  and  MilTafla- 
gas,  have  alfo  villages  on  different  part* 
of  this  river  ;  exclufive  of  which  there  i» 
a  numerous  fl:ragghng  fettlement  of  In- 
dians from  the  vicinity  of  the  Mohawk 
Village,to  witiiin  a  few  miles  of  the  mouth 
of  the  river.  Smyth. 

Outer  Buoy,  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  lies  in 
lat.  CI  38  N,  and  5  leagues  E  of  Nortk 
Bluff. 

Outer  JJland^  on  the  coaft  of  Labrador, 
is  in  the  clufler  called  ^i.  Auguftine*4 
Square  ;  S  W  of  Sandy  Ifland. 

Outimacs,    A   tribe   of  Indians   in   the 
Territory  of  Wayne,  between  Lakes  Mi- 
chigan and  St.  Clair.     Warriors  aoo. 
!j       Ovens  Mouib  Bay,  Maine,  S  of  Booth- 
!1  bay,  Linccila  county, 


OWL 


O  Y  S 


^vid,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  in  Cay- 
aiga  CO.  It  was  incorporated  in  1794  ;  is 
feparated  from  Milton  on  the  E  by  Cay- 
uga Lake,  and  comprehends  all  the  lands 
in  the  county  on  the  W  ftde  of  ScBCca 
Lake.     It  has  2,169  inhabitants. 

Oivafco,  a  lake,  partly  in  the  towns  of 
Aurelius  and  Scipio,  in  Onondago  co.  N. 
York.  It  is  about  11  miles  long,  and  one 
troad,  and  communicates  with  Seneca 
River  on  the  N  by  a  ftream  which  runs 
through  the  town  of  Brutus.  The  high 
road  from  Kaat's  KiJl  weftward,  paflcs 
towards  Cayuga  ferry,  near  the  N  end 
of  the  lake. 

Owego,  a  poft:  town  in  Tioga  co.  New 
York,  on  the  N  W  bank  of  the  E  branch 
of  the  Sufquehannah,  %o  miles  W  of  U- 
xiion,  34  N  E  of  Athens,  at  Tioga  Point. 
It  contains  1,284  inhabitants. 

O'wege  Creek,  in  Tioga  CO.  fervcs  as  the 
!£.  boundary  of  the  townfliip  of  its  name. 
It  has  feveral  fmall  branches  which  unite 
and  empty  through  the  N  bank  of  the  E 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  River,  about  \Z\ 
Xiiiles  W  of  the  mouth  of  Chenango  River. 

Ouyatetjka  Bay  and  River.,  on  the  coaft 
©f  Efquimaux,  or  N  fliorc  of  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  is  to  the  weftward  of  Natch- 
quoin  River. 

Oivharree,  a  harbour  on  the  northern 
part  of  the  W  coaft  of  Houaheine,  one  of 
the  Society  Iflands,  25  leagues  N  W  by 
W  of  Otaheitc  IHand.  S  lat.  16  44,  W 
Jong.  151  8. 

Onvbyhecy  one  of  the  largeft  of  the  Sand- 
wich Iflands,  is  about  300  miles  in  cir- 
cumference; between  18  50  and  ao  i6 
N  lat.  and  between  203  48  and  S05  7  E 
Jong,  from  Greenwich.  The  extcniive 
mountain,  named  Mouna  Rca^  on  the  S 
.IE  part  of  the  ifland,  is  16,020  feet  high. 
It  confjfts  of  three  peaks  which  are  per- 
petually covered  with  fnow,  though  with- 
in the  tropics,  that  are  vifible  40  leagues 
out  at  fca.  On  the  vveftern  fide  is  the 
bay  of  Karaka-kooi.  It  has  the  fame  pro- 
ductions as  the  Society  and  Friendly  Ifl- 
ands, and  about  150,000  inhabitants,  who 
are  naturally  mild,  friendly  and  hofpita- 
ble  to  ftrangers.  The  fca  abounds  with 
a  great  variety  of  excellent  fifh.  The 
celebrated  navigator  Capt.  James  Cook, 
Joft  his  life  here,  by  an  unfortunate  and 
momentary  jealoufy  of  the  natives.  The 
natives  of  this  ifland  have  made  a  for- 
mal cefTion  of  it  to  the  king  of  G.  Britain. 

O-wVs  Head,  a  head  land  on  the  W  fide 
of  Penobfcot  Bay,  in  Maine.  It  has  a 
^ood  harbour  qb  th\;  larboard  haud  as 


you  go  to  the  eaftward.  The  harbcmr 
makes  with  a  deep  cove ;  has  4  fathoms 
water,  and  a  muddy  bottom.  It  is  open 
to  the  E,  to  N,  and  E  N  E  winds  ;  but  in 
all  other  winds  you  are  fafe.  The  tide  of 
flood  fets  to  the  eafl:ward,  and  the  tide  of 
ebb  S  W  through  the  Mufcle  Ridges. 

Oxl>o-w,  Great,  a  bend  of  the  river  Con- 
ne(5ticut,  about  the  middle  of  the  town- 
fliip of  Newbury,  in  Vermont ;  which 
fee.  It  contains  450  acres  of  the  fineft 
meadow  land  in  New  England. 

Oxford,  a  townfhip  in  Worcefter  co, 
Maffachufetts.  It  contains  1,237  inhab- 
itants ;  is  II  miles  fouthwardof  Worcef- 
ter, and  54  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Oxford,  a  village  in  Briftol  co.  MafTa- 
chufetts  ;  fee  Nj^v  Bedford. 

Oxford,  a  town  taken  from  the  N  part  of 
Derby  in  Conne(2:icut,  17  miles  N  W  of 
N.  Haven.    It  has  1,400  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  a  poft  town  of  New  York,  in 
Chenango  co.  between  Jericho  and  Nor- 
wich. It  was  incorporated  in  1793.  Here 
is  an  incorporated  academy.  It  has  1405 
inhabitants, 

Oxford,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfey,  in  Suf- 
fex  CO.  on  the  E  bank  of  Delaware  River, 
15  or  20  miles  N  E  of  Eafton  in  Pennfyl- 
vania.  In  1790,  it  contained  1,905  in* 
habitants. 

Oxford,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
Philadelphia  co.  having  1,518  inhabitants. 

Oxford  To-ivnfhjp,  in  Grenville  co.  U, 
Canada,  lies  in  the  rear,  and  to  the  north- 
ward of  the  townfliips  of  Edwardfburgh 
and  Augufla,  and  is  viratered  by  the  Ra- 
deau.  Smyth. 

Oxford,  the  Toiviifbip  of,  upon  Thames,  in 
the  weftern  difJrid:,  U.  Canada,  lies  to 
the  fouthward  of  Dundas  Street,  where 
the  weftern  end  of  that  road  meets  the 
Upper  Forks  of  the  river  Thames. 

Oxford,  a  town  in  N.  Hampfliire,  Graf- 
ton CO.  containing  988  inhabitants. 

Oixford,  Upper,  a  town  in  Chefter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  having  620  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  Loiver,  a  town  in  the  above  co. 
having  527  inhabitants. 

Oxford,  a  port  of  entry,  on  the  eaftem 
fliore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in  Talbot  co. 
Its  exports  in  1794*  amounted  to  6,956 
dollars.  It  is  13  miles  S  by  W  of  Eafton, 
and  about  48  S  E  of  Baltimore. 

Oxford,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, 36  miles  from  Hillfborough,  and  about 
416  from  Philadelphia. 

Uyfer  Bay,  a  townfhip  of  N.  York,  fit- 
uate^d  in  Queen's  co.  Long  Ifland,  cxtend*- 
ing  from  Uic  Sound  S,  to  the  Atlantic 

■Occaa, 


O  Z  A 


?  A  C 


©cean,  and  includes  Lloyd's  Neck,  or 
Queen's  Village,  an^  Hog  Ifland.  It  con- 
tains 4,548  inhabitants;  of  whom  134 
are  flaves, 

Oyjler  Bay^  a  harbour  for  fmall  veiTels, 
in  the  S  W  limits  of  the  town  of  Barnfla- 
ble,  Maffachufetts ;  which  fee.  It  affords 
excellent  oyflers ;  hence  its  name. 

Oyfier  Beds,  in  Delaware  Bay,  lie  oppo- 
fitc  Nantuxet  Bay. 

Oyjier  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  Carolina, 
vhere  the  water  does  not  ebb  till  an  hour 
and  a  half  after  it  begins  to  ebb  at  the 
bar  of  Afiiley  River,  near  Charlefton.  It 
js  bed  to  go  an  hour  and  an  half  befor-e 
high  water, 

Oyjier  Pontic  a  part  of  the  waters  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  which  fet  up  weftward 
into  Long  Ifland,  N.  York,  between  the 
north-eafternmofl  point  of  the  ifland  call- 
ed Oyfter  Pond  Point,  and  Gardner's  Ifl- 
and. Off  the  point  are  two  fmall  ifles, 
©ne  of  which  is  called  Plum  Ifland, 

Oyjier  River,  a  W  branch  of  Pifcataq^ua 
River,  in  New  Hampfhire ;  which  fee. 
Durham  ftands  on  its  Slide,  near  its  junc- 
tion with  the  main  ftream  at  Helton's  Point. 

O-yong-tvongeyk,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at 
Johnfon's  Landing  Place,  a^pout  4  miles 
caftward  of  Fort  Niagara, 

0-z.ama,  one  ©f  the  largefl  rivers  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
and  on  which  the  city  of  St,  Domingo  is 
(ituated.  It  is  navigable  9  or  10  leagues 
from  S  to  N.  One  may  judge  of  the  enor- 
mous volume  of  water  which  the  conflu- 
ent ftream  of  Ifabella  and  Ozama  fends 
to  the  fea,  by  the  red  colour  it  gives  it  in 
the  time  of  the  floods,  and  which  is  per- 
ceivable as  far  as  the  eye  can  diftinguifli. 
There  is  a  rock  at  the  mouth,  which  pre- 
vents the  entrance  of  vefTels  drawing 
more  than  18  or  20  feet  of  water.  The 
river  for  a  league  is  24  feet  deep ;  and 
its  banks  are  20  feet  perpendicular,  but 
N  of  the  city  this  height  is  reduced  to  4 
feet.^  This  real  natural  bafon  has  a  bot- 
tom of  mud  or  foft  fand,  with  a  number 
©f  careening  places.  It  feldom  overflows 
its  banks,  except  in  very  extraordinary 
inundations.  The  road  before  the  mouth 
«f  the  Ozama  is  very  indifferent,  and  lies 
expofed  from  W  S  W  to  E.  It  is  impof- 
lible  to  anchor  in  it  in  the  time  of  the  S 
winds,  and  the  N  winds  drive  the  vef- 
fels  from  their  moorings  out  into  the 
fca,  which  here  runs  extremely  high. 
See  Dum'tngo  City.  The  mouth  of  the 
river  is  in  lat.  18  18  N,  and  long,  from 
Paris,  7  z  38  W, 


1  ABLO^  St.  a  lake  in  the  jurifdidTow 
of  Otabalo,  in  the  province  of  Quito,  ^ 
leagues  in  length,  and  about  half  a  league- 
in  breadth.  The  lake  is  every  where 
furroundcd  with  a  fpecies  of  rullies  callr 
ed  Totoral,  among  which  arc  vaft  num- 
bers of  wild  gtcie  and  galarettes.  Its 
waters  empty  into  the  Rio  Blanco. 

Pahlo^  St.  a  village  on  the  above  lake, 
inhabited  principally  by  Indians, 

Pablo,  St.  a  town  on  the  S  coaft  of  the 
Ifthmus  of  Darien,  In  the  proviace  of  Ve- 
ragua,  S.  America.. 

Pabo,  the  Micmac  name  of  a  river,  oa 
the  northern  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  abouC 
6  leagues  from  Grande  Riviere,  W  N  W 
of  Cape  Dtfpair. 

Pdcajes,z  province  of  S.  America,  which 
is  rich  in  filver  mines,  though  they  are 
not  much  worked.  Here  are  alfo  mines 
of  talc,  called  Jafpcs  Blantos  de  Vcren- 
guela,.  oil  account  of  their  tranfparent 
whitenefs*.  In  this  province  are  an  abua- 
dance  of  emeralds. 

Pacamcrci,  a  diftrldl  of  Peru,  in  South 
America.  The  air  is  temperate,  and  the 
earth  abounds  in  gold. 

Pacamoresy  an  Indiaa  nation  on  the 
banks  of  Amazon  River. 

Pacayita,  a  volcano  in  Guatlmala.  In 
1773,  the  lava  which  ifTued  from  it  dcf- 
troyed  the  city  of  St.  Jago,  which  wa» 
fituated  in  the  valley  of  Panchol. 

Pachacama,  or  Pachamac,  a  famous,  fruit- 
ful, and  pleafant  valley  in  Peru,  4  league* 
from  Lima,  formerly  beautified  with  a 
magnificent  temple  built  by  the  Incas, 
and  dedicated  to  the  Creator  of  the  Uni- 
yerfe.  The  Peruvians  had  in  it  feveral 
idols  ;  but  they  had  fo  great  a  reverence 
for  God,  whom  they  called  Pacbaca»iac,\hzt 
they  oflered  him  what  they  efteemcd  moft 
precious,  and  durft  not  look  upon  him  ; 
fo  that  their  kings  and  prieft,  entered  his 
temple  with  their  b.icks  towards  his  altar, 
and  came  out  again  without  daring  to 
turn  about.  The  ruins  of  this  fuperb 
ftruaure,  fays  Jovct,  do  yet  demonftratc 
its  former  magnificence  and  greatnefs. 
Such  immenfetrcarures  had  been  laid  up 
in  it,  that  Ferdinand  Piz  uro  found  to 
the  value  of  900,000  ducats  in  it ;  al- 
though 400  Indians  had  taken  away  as 
much  as  they  could  carry  ;  and  the  Spaa- 
ifli  foldiers  pillaged  it  before  he  came* 
The  cruel  Spaniards  tortured  the  natives, 
but  could  not  cxira^l  a  difcovtty  of 'th« 
hidden  trcafuic, 

Pa(lita\ 


f  A  i 


i^  A  t 


Toehea^  the  mofi:  northerly  of  the  iflands 
called  the  Pearl  or  King's  LGaads,  all  low 
and  woody,  and  about  i4  leagues  from 
Panama.  Within  a  league  of  this  idand 
there  is  anchorage  in  17  fathoms. 

Pacheque,  a  fine  but  fniail  if}and  on  the 
S  W  fide  of  the  bay  of  Panama,  on  the 
coaft  of  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  and  one  of 
the  beautiful  iHands  within  the  femicireu- 
lar  bay  from  Panama  to  Point  Mala. 
Thcfe  iflands  yield  wood,  water,  fruit, 
fowls,  hogs,  &c.  and  afford  excellent  har- 
bour for  lliipping. 

PacbucQ^  a  town  of  Mexico  famous  for 
the  filver  mines  in  its  vicinity.  It  is 
faid  that  within  ao  miles  there  are  1000 
of  them.  It  Hes  60  miles  from  the  city 
of  Mexico. 

Pacific  Ocean,  Called  iii  the  I'rench 
charts  Mar  del  Zur^  or  South  Sea,  a  pro- 
digious ocean,  dividing  America  from 
Afia.  It  is  about  10,000  miles  in  breadth, 
»nd  11,000  in  length. 

PackersfelJj  a  townfliip  of  New  Hamp- 
fliire,  Chefliirc  co.  E  of  Keene,  on  the 
head  branches  of  Afhuelot  River.  It  is 
86  miles  W  of  Portfmouth,  and  contains 
977  inhabitants. 

Pasmoie,  a  bay  on  the  E  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Martinico,  between  Vauclin  Bay 
on  the  N,  and  Fere  Auce  or  Creek  on 
the  S. 

Pacolet,  a  fmall  river  of  S,  Carolina, 
which  fifes  in  the  White  Oak  Mountains, 
and  unites  with  Broad  River,  30  miles 
above  Tyger  River,  and  24  S  of  the  N. 
Carolina  line.  Its  courfe  is  about  S  E, 
and  on  it  are  the  celebrated  Pacoltt 
Springs,  17  miles  above  its  confluence 
Vith  Broad  River. 

Padotccas,  a  wtrftcrn  branch  of  MilTouri 
River.  The  tribe  of  Indians  of  this  name 
arc  faid  by  fome  to  be  of  Welch  origin. 

Panel's  Port,  a  fmall  harbour  within 
the  great  found  in  the  Bahama  Iflands, 
and  in  the  mofl  eafleriy  part  of  the  found. 

Paguifa,  or  Paqmfay  on  the  W  fide  of  S. 
America,  in  lat.  ■Zi  55  S,  and  10  leagues 
N  of  the  harbour  of  Cobija,  in  the  b.iy 
of  Atacama.  Haguey  de  Paguifa,  or  the 
watering  place  of  Pagnifa,  is  15  leagues 
from  Cobija.  The  whole  coafl  between 
IS  high,  mountainous  and  rocky,  in  a  di- 
re(ftion  of  north-north-eaft. 

Painted  Pof,  a  towniliip  in  Steuben  co. 
N.  York,  on  Tioga  River,  between  Bath 
and  Newtown;  40  milts  N  W  by  W  of 
Tioga  Point,  or  Athens,  S  E  of  Williamf- 
burg.  A  pofl:  ofilce  is  kept  here,  and  it 
kA«  itdx  iuhabitantj. 


Palnied  Rod  Is  cn  French  Broad  Rlver^ 
by  which  the  line  runs  between  Virginia 
and  TennelTee. 

Painter's  Harbeur,  On   the   W  COaft   of 

Cape  Bretoii.    N  lat,  46  22,  W  long.  61  16. 

Patnville,  in  Amelia  co.  Virginia.   Here 

is  a  poft  office,  197  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Paita.      See  Paytd. 

Pojaro,  P  ajar  OS,  or  Paxaros,  iflands  on 
the  Ccaft  of  Chili,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean. 
Thefe  are  $  or  4  rock.-;,  the  largeil  of 
which  is  called  Pajaro  Ninno,  or  Paxaro 
Ni'nnoj  and  %  miles  N  W  by  N  from  the 
fouthernmoft  point  of  the  A-Tain,  or  Point 
Tortugas,  that  clofes  the  port  of  Co^^ 
quimbo. 

Pojaros,  Les,  or  Ijlands  cf  Birds,  a  cluf- 
ter  of  fmall  iflands  on  the  coaft:  of  Chili^ 
8  leagues  N  N  W  of  the  Bay  of  Coquim- 
bo,  and  7  8  S  E  of  the  harbour  of  Guaf- 
co.  The  illand  of  Chores  is  4  miles  N 
of  thefe  iflands. 

Pakanokit,  the  feftt  of  Mafaffoit,  the  fa- 
mous Indian  Chief,  Was  fituated  on  Na- 
mafket  River,  which  empties  into  Narra«« 
ganfet  Bay. 

Palatincy  a  pod  town  in  Montgomery' 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  N  fide  of  Mohawk 
River,  and  W  of  Caghnawaga.  It  con- 
tains 3,517  inhabitants.  The  eompa<ft 
part  of  it  ftands  on  the  bank  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, and  contains  a  Reformed  Dutch 
church,  and  ao  or  30  houfes  ;  36  miles 
above  ScheneAady. 

PalVtfers  Tfiands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
are  between  15  and  16  degrees  of  S  lat. 
and  from  146  to  147  degrees  of  W  long. 
From  lat.  14  to  20  S,  and  long  138  to  15a 
W,  the  ocean  is  ftrewed  with  low,  half- 
ovcrflowcd  iflands,  which  renders  it  ne- 
ceflary  for  navigators  to  proceed  witht- 
much  caution. 

Palrha,  a  town  of  Terra  Flrma,50milcf 
N  W  of  St.  Fe  de  Bagota.  N  lat.  4  30^ 
W  long.  7  3  40. 

Palmas,  a  large  river  on  the  W  coafl;  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  whofe  mouth  is  irj 
lat.  25  N,  and  long.  98  2)^  W.  Some  of 
its  branches  run  in  a  courCe  almofb  di- 
re^ly  eafl  from  the  mountains  to  the 
eaftward  of  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Palmer,  a  towniliip  in  Han^pfliire  cot 
Maflachufetts,  82  miles  W  by  S  of  Bof- 
ton,  on  the  S  fide  of  Chickapee  River,, 
and  hounded  eafiward  by  Wcftern,  in 
Worcefier.  CO.  An  acfl  palfed  in  laft  fef- 
fion,  1796,  to  incorporate  a  fociety  to 
make  a  turnpike-road  between  thefe  two 
towns.  It  was  incf^rpcrated  in  175a, 
and  contains  1039  inhabitants. 

Palmers 


P  A  M 


PAN 


Palmer  s  R'lvr^  a  water  of  Narraganfct 
Bay,  which,  with  another  fmall  river, 
forms  Warren  River,  oppofue  the  town 
of  Warren. 

Palmerjlons  If  and,  of  whicli  one  in  par- 
ticular has  been  fo  named,  is  in  lat.  i  8  S, 
and  long.  i6z  57  W,  and  is  the  fecond  in 
fituation  from  the  S  E  of  a  group  of  9  or 
10,  all  known  by  the  fame  general  name. 
It  affords  neither  anchorage  nor  water  ; 
but  if  the  weather  is  moderate,  a  fliip 
that  is  pafling  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean  in  this 
track,  may  be  fupplied  with  grafs  for 
cattle,  cocoa-nuts,  fifli,  and  other  pro- 
du(3:ions  of  the  ifland.  The  principal 
ifland  is  not  above  a  mile  in  circumfer- 
ence ;  nor  is  it  elevated  more  than  three 
feet  above  the  furface  of  the  fea. 

Palmetto^  the  moft  eafterly  point  of  the 
bay  fo  called,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Chriftopher's,  in  the  W.  Indies. 
The  fhore  is  rocky,  and  a  fort  proteifts 
the  bay. —  Alfo,  the  mofl  northerly  point 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica;  having  Mahatee 
Bay  on  the  W,  and  Ifland  Bay  on  the  E. 

Palmtjle  Point,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  N 
W  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo  ;  5 
leagues  E  of  Port  de  Paix. 

Palmyra,  z  pofl:  town,  and  the  only  port 
of  entry  and  delivery  in  the  Stntc  of 
Tenneflee,  confl:itnted  a  port  of  entry  by 
l^w  of  the  United  States,  January  31, 
1797.  It  ftands  on  the  S  bank  ot  C()m« 
berUnd  River,  iz  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  Red  River. 

Palominosy  fmall  iflands  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  3  miles  weft  of  St.  La>vrencc  Ifland. 
They  h^ve  from  13  to  18  fathoms  water 
round  thorn. 

Paliz,  Keio,  a  townfliip  on  the  W  fide 
of  Hudfon's  River,  in  Ultler  co.  N.  York, 
about  20  miles  N  W  of  Newburgh,  and 
32  Nof  Goflicn,  oppofite  Ponghkeeplic. 
It  contains  3255  inhabitants,  including 
308  flaves. 

Pambamacca,  a  lofty  mountain  in  the 
province  of  Quito,  being  one  ot  the  pikes 
of  the  eaftern  Cordilleras. 

Pum'.ico  Sountl^  on  the  E  coaft  of  N.  Car- 
€iina,  is  a  kind  of  lake  or  iiilaiu!  U:a.  irom 
10  to   20  milrs   brorid,  and   nearly   100 
milc'F  in  length.     It  is  fcpnrattd  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  in  its  whole  length,  by  a  \ 
beach  of  fand  h.-irdly  a  mile  wide,  gener- 
ally covered  with  fmall  trees   or   builu's.  ; 
Through  this  bank  are  feveral  fmall  inlets, 
by  which  boats  mav  oifs  ;  but  Ocrecock  ' 
Inltt  is  the  only  one  tliat  will  admit  velTels  j 
of  burden  into  the  diftriAs  of  E*icnrou  \ 
anrl  Ncwbern.    This  iiikt  is  in  lat.  :i,$  10  \ 

Vrji,  J.  J-   y   f 


N,  and  opens  between  Ocrecock  l(l.ind 
and  Core  Bank.  This  found  corpmunl* 
cates  with  Core  and  Albemarle  Sounds  ; 
and  receives  Pamlico  or  Tar  River,  the 
river  Neus,  befides  other  fmall  ftreams. 
See  Ocrecocky  Cape  Haitnas,  cScc. 

Pampeluna^  a  town  of  New  Granada,  in 
S.  America.  In  its  vicinity  are  gold  mines. 
N  lat.  6  30,  W  long.  71'  30.  It  is  150 
miles  from  Santa  Fe,  and  aoo  from  Mari- 
caibo.  * 

Pawunly,  the  ancient  name  of  York 
River,  in  Virginia;  but  this  name  is  now 
confined  to  the  fouthern  branch,  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  N.  and  S.  Anna. 
This  and  the  northern  branch,  Mattapo-  ^ 
ny,  unite  and  form  York  River,  jufl:  be- 
low the  town  of  De  La  War. 

Pana,  or  Puna,  an  ifland  on  the  coafl:  of 
Peru,  7  leagues  E  N  E  of  Santa  Clara, 
and  as  far  from  Gmyaqviil.  At  Point 
Arena,  which  is  the  W  point,  all  fliips 
bound  farther  into  Guayaquil  Bay  fcop 
for  pilots,  as  there  is  good  anchorage  over 
againft  the  middle  of  the  town,  in  5  fath- 
oms, and  a  foft  oozy  ground. 

Panaca,  a  burning  mountain  on  the  W 
coaft  of  N.  Mexico. 

Panadou,  or  Menadou,  a  bay  on  the  coaft 
of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  near  the  S  part 
of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 

Panama  is  the  capital  of  Terra  Firma 
Proper,  S.  America,  on  a  capacious  bay 
of  its  name,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  Iflhmus 
of  Panama  or  Darien,  oppofite  to  Porto 
Bello,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  Ifthmus.  It  is 
the  great  receptacle  of  the  vaft  quantities 
of  gold  and  filver,  with  other  rich  mer- 
chandize from  all  parts  of  Peru  and  Chili. 
Here  they  are  lodged  in  ftore-houics,  till 
the  proper  feafon  arrives  to  tranfporc 
them  to  Europe.  The  harbour  of  Pana- 
ma is  formed  in  its  road  by  the  flicker  of 
feveral  iflands,  where  fliips  lie  very  fafe, 
at  about  .li  c»r  3  leagues  diftant  from  the 
city.  The  tides  are  regular,  and  it  is  high 
water  at  the  full  and  change  at  3  o'clock. 
The  water  rifes  and  falls  confiderabiy  ; 
fo  that  the  fliore,  lying  on  a  gentle  uope, 
is  at  low  water  left  dry  to  a  great  dif- 
tance.  Pearls  are  found  here  in  fuch 
plenty,  that  tliere  are  few  perfons  of 
piopcrty  near  Panama,  who  do  not  em- 
ploy all,  or  at  leaft  part  of  their  flaves,  in 
this  fuhery.  The  negroes  who  fiili  for 
pear's  muft  be  both  expert  fwimmers,  and 
capable  of  holding  their  breath  a  long 
time,  the  work  being  performed  at  the 
bottom  of  the  fea.  This  city  is  a  bifli- 
op's  fee,  whole  bifbop.  ij  the  pt^!mate  of 

Tc::^ 


P  A  N 


PAR 


Terra  Firm  a.  It  was  bulk  by  tlic  Span- 
iards, who,  ill  r.sar,  conftitutcd  it  a  city, 
witli  the  ufual  privileges.  In  1670  it 
was  taken,  facked  and  burnt  by  John 
Morgan,  an  Engllfli  adventurer.  Ihe 
new  town  was  built  in  a  more  convenient 
iituation,  about  a  league  and  a  lialf  from 
the  former.  In  1737,  tbl;,  new  town  was 
klnioft  entirely  dcftroycd  by  an  acciden- 
tal fire.  It  is  furroundtd  with  a  ftone 
%vall  and  otiier  fortifications,  and  the  pub- 
lic buildings  are  very  haiidfomc.  N  lat. 
y>  57  48,  W  long.  8z  5  14.  See  Chagre 
River. 

Fanama^  a  province  of  Terra  Firma,  of 
which  the  city  above  mentioned  is  the 
capital.  This  province  is  called  by  moft 
writers  Terra  Firma  Proper.  It  contains 
2  cities,  la  vilUges,  and  a  great  nuniber 
of  rancheries  or  allemblages  of  Indian 
huts ;  thefe  are  fituatcd  in  fmall  plains 
along  the  fliorc,  the  reft  of  the  country 
being  covered  with  enormous  and  craggy 
barren  and  uninhabited  mountains.  It 
has  fevcral  gold  mines  ;  but  the  pearl 
fifliery  affords  a  more  certain  profit,  and 
at  the  fame  time  is  acquired  with  much 
greater  eafe. 

Fanamatibo^  on  the  coaft  of  Surrinam, 
in  Guiana,  in  S.  America,  is  E  S  E  of 
Demarara,  in  lat.  about  6  N,  and  long. 
56  26  W.  I 

Fanambvcoy  a  harbour  or  bay  on  the  \ 
coaft  of  Brazil.     See  Fcrnambucn.  , 

Fanecillo^  an  eminence  near  Quito,  ! 
which  fupplies  that  city  with  excellent  | 
water.  j 

Fanis,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  120   miles 
from  tbc  mouth  of  the  River  Platte,  or 
Shallow  River,  a  weftern  branch  of  the 
Miflouri,  with  whole   fircam    it    mingles  , 
its  waters   600  miles  from  the  MilVifii^pi,  ' 
up  the    MilTouri.     This  tribe    numbers  ' 
700  warriors,  in  four  neighbouring  vil- 
lages.    They  hunt   but  little,  ^nd  have 
but   few  fire-arms.      I'hcy  arc  often  ar 
"^ar  with  the  Spaniards  in  the  vicinity  of 
St.  Fe,  near  which  is  their  place  of  abode. , 
Jtferfo,,.       \ 
Panje,  de  la,  a  branch  of  Waballi  Riv-  ! 
er,  in  the  Indiana  Territory.  j 

Fanton^  a  townlliip  in  Addifon  co.  Vcr-  j 
mont,  on  tke  E  fide  of  Lake  Champlain,  ^ 
between  Addifon  and  Icrrifburg,  and  ; 
about  87  miles  N  of  Bennington.  It  con-  : 
rain.«  364  inhabitants. 

Fojnico^  or   Guajlica,  a   province  of  N. 
America,    in    New- Spain,  Ixmndcd  E  by  ; 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W  hy  tiie  prov   j 
inces   of    M««h«a€i:n    icnd    New-Bifcay.  ! 


The  tropic  of  Cancer  divides  this  prov. 
ince.  It  is  about  55  leagues  each  wav. 
The  part  neareft  to  Mexico  is  much  the 
bed  and  richeft,  abounding  with  provi- 
fious,  and  having  fonie  veins  of  gold,  and 
mines  of  fdlt.  Otlier  parts  are  wretched- 
ly poor  and  barren. 

Fanuco,  the  capital  of  the  above  men- 
tioned province,  is  the  fee  of  a  bilhop, 
and  ftauds  upon  a  river  of  its  own  name, 
J7  leagues  from  its  mouth,  on  the  W  fliore 
of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  6o  N  \V  of 
the  city  of  Mexico.  I'he  river  is  nav- 
igable for  large  fliips  a  great  way  above 
the  city  ;  but  the  harbour  has  a  bar,  fo 
that  no  fliips  of  burden  can  enter  it.  N 
lat.  23  50,  W  long.  99  50. 

Papagayc^  a  gulf  on  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Ifthmut 
of  Nicaragua,  a  fmail  diftance  from  the 
weftern  parts  of  the  lake  of  Nicaragua, 
and  ill  lat.  about  11   ij  N. 

Fiipaloapain^  the  largeft  river  of  Guaxa- 
ca,  in  N.  Spain,  called  alfo  Alvarada.  It 
rifes  In  the  mountains  Zoncoliucan,  and, 
being  enlarged  by  the  accefTion  of  leffer 
rivers,  falls  into  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean. 

Fapinachoisy  a  bay  on  the  N  flrore  of 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  5  leagues  S  W  of 
St.  Margaret's  River.  An  Indian  nation 
of  the  fame  name  inhabit  the  country  i» 
of  Pirctibbe  Lake  in  L.  Canada. 

Poppa  FerJ,  on  Clinch  River,  is  12  miles 
from  Emery's  River,  and  10  from  Camp- 
bell's Station,  near  Holfion. 

Fapps,  T6c,  two  remarkable  hills  oh  the 
top  of  a  high  mountain,  on  the  N  fliorc 
f)t  I>akc  Superior,  U.  Canada,  a  little  E 
of  Shanguannc. 

Papuda  Bay^  Oil  the  coafi  of  Chili,  and 
on  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  5  leagues  N  of 
the  Ihoals  of  Quintero,  and  4  from  Port 
Liga.  The  water  is  very  deep,  but  the 
anchorage  i,«  good,  and  the  entrance  fafc. 
Farj,  the  moft  northern  of  5  colonies 
or  governments,  Para,  Maragnnn,  Mat- 
to-Grofib,  Goyas,  and  St.  Paul,  in  S. 
America,  at  which  places  the  Indians 
have  been  united  in  117  villages,  ever 
which  a  white  man  prefidcs  with  defpoti^ 
fway.  The  government  of  Para  eompre- 
hends  that  portion  of  Guiana  which  be- 
longs to  the  Portuguefe,  the  moft  barren 
and  unwiiolefome  country  in  all  thefe  ic^ 
gions. 

I^ara  Ifu:nd  is  onc  t>f  the  range  of  ifl- 
ands  to  the  j  E  of  Sypomba,  and  E  of  the 
Amazon,  'i'hefe  iHunds  form  the  great 
river  or  bay  of  Para. 

F*r>t  Mi-v,r,  or  L'tiy^  near  the  N  \V  part 

of 


PAR 


FAR 


vf  the  coafi  of  Brazil,  in  vS.  Americri,  baa 
a  town  of  its  name  at  the  mouth  ot  it^ 
with  a  lar;»e  fort  and  a  platibrm  of  can- 
non at  the  water's  edge,  commanding  the 
road.  Above  this  is  the  caftle  fcattd  on 
a  high  rock,  fur  rounded  by  a  ftrong  flone 
ivall  that  is  aho  mounted  with  cannon. 
The  road  within  the  mouth  of  the  river 
is  good,  having  clean  ground,  and  fecur- 
td  by  high  land  on  both  fides.  The 
mouth  of  the  river  is  about  6  miles. broad 
at  tlie  town  ;  and  fliips  may  ride  in  ij 
fathoms,  within  a  cable's  length  of  the 
fiiore,  and  in  lo  fathoms  clofe  under  the 


!  forr  wr  difcovered  the  land  on  the  opprs 
;  Cte  bank  of  the  river  ;  and  wlitn  we  ucrc 
1  in   the  middle  of  the  channel  we  could 
j  not  difcover  land  on  either  lide,  and  law 
nothing  but  the  iky  and  water,  as  if  wc 
liad  been  in   fomc  great  ocean.     Ii->d?ed 
we  fliould  Jiave  taken  it  to  be  fea,  if  the 
frefli  water  of  the  river,  which  was  tur- 
bid like  the  Po,  had  not  fatistied  us  that 
j  it  was  a  river."    From  the  fituation  of  tiiii 
I  country,  fomcparts  of  it  muft  be  cxtreme- 
I  ly  hot,  from  the  almoft  vertical  inlluenc€ 
j  of  the  rays  of  the  fun  ;  while  other  parts 
I  nnift    be   plcafant    and   delightful,     liut 


fort.     1"his  harbour  is  much  frequented    i  the  heat  is  in  fomc  meafure  abated  by  the 


for  all  kinds  of  proviflons  which  abound 
here.  Tobacco  is  carried  from  this  to 
Pernambuco,  to  be  Ihipped  for  Furope. 
I'he  river  is  about  aoo  miles  logg. 

Paraca^  a  l)ay  on  the  coall:  of  Peru,  40 
leagues  S  E  by  S  of  the  port  of  Callao. 
Ships  receive  flicker  here,  when  driven 
out  of  the  harbour  of  Cangallan  or  San- 
gallan,  which  is  3  leagues  S  E  of  Carette 
Ifland,  and  N  N  W  of  the  iiland  of  I.obos. 

Paradlfe,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  York  co.  has  1275  iniiabitants. 

Paradis.     See  Plutt  Forme. 

Paraguay.,  a  country  of  S.  America, 
claimed  by  Spain,  about  1,500  miles  in 
length,  and  1,000  in  breadth.  It  lies  be- 
tween 12  and  2>1  S  lat.  and  between  50 
and  75  W  long,  ixjunded  N  by  Amazo- 
nia, S  by  Patagonia,  E  by  Brazil,  and  W 
by  Peru  and  Chili.  It  is  divided  into 
the  following  provinces,  viz.  Paraguay, 
P.ir^^na,  Guira,  Uragua,  Tucuman,  and 
Rio  de  la  Plata.  Befidcs  a  vaft  number 
of  fiuall  rivers  which  water  this  country, 
there  is  the  grand  river  La  Plata,  which 
dcfcrves  a  particular  defcription.  A 
Modenefc  Jefuit,  by  the  name  of  P.  Cat-  ^ 
tanco,  who  failed  up  this  river,  fpciks  in 
the  following  language  C(>ncerning  it  : 
While  \  rclided  in  Europe,  and  read  in 


ntle  breezes  which  generally  begin 
I'  about  9  or  ic  o'clock  in  the  morning,  ami 
:!  continue  the  greateft  part  of  the  day. 
:  I  Some  parrs  of  the  country  are  very  moun- 
j  tr.iuous  ;  but  in  many  others,  you  find  ex- 
I  tenfive  and  beautiful  plains,  where  the 
j  foil  is  very  rich,  producing  cotton,  to- 
i  bacco,  and  the  valuable  herb  called  Par- 
;  aguay,  togcth.er  with  a  variety  of  fruits. 
I  I'here  are  alfo  prodigioufly  rich  paflurcs, 
\  in  which  are  bred  inch  herds  of  cattle, 
j  that  it  is  faid,  the  hides  are  the  only  part 

•  exported,  while  the  flelli  is  lefc  to  be  de- 

•  voured  by  the  ravenous  beafts  of  the 
I  wildcrnefs.  Paraguay  fends  annually  in- 
I  to  the  kingdom  of  Peru  as  many  as  1,500 
j  or  2,coo  mules.    They  travel  over  dreary 

\  deferts  for  the  diftance  of  80c  or  900 
\  leagues.  The  province  of  Tucuman  fur- 
j  niliies  to  Potofi,  annually,  16  or  i8;0co 
i  oxen,  and  4,000  or  5,000  horfes,  brought 
i  forth  and  reartd  upon  itK  own  territory, 
i  Buenos  Ayrci*  h  the  capital  of  this 
i  country.  Its  fituation  on  the  river  La 
I  Plata  is  healthy  and  pleafant,  and  the  air 
i  temperate.  It  is  regularly  built  :  the 
i  n<u;nber  of  iniiabitants  is  about  30,000. 
j  One  fide  of  the  town  is  defended  by  a  W>i~ 
'  trefs,  with  a  garrifon  ot  600  or  700  men, 
I  The  town  (lands  iHo  miles  from  the  ica. 


books  of  hiftory  and  geography  thiit  the  '''■  The  accefs  to  the  town  up  the  river  is 
river  La  Plata  was  150  miles  in  breadth,  ':  very  difficult.  From  the  bcO:  itiforma- 
jf  tonfidered  it  as  an  exaggeration,  be-  li  tion  that  can  be  obtained,  8i»cre  arc  not 
caufe  in  this  hcmifphcrc  we  have  no  ex-  .j  more  than  10:  ,000  fouis  in  this  countrv, 


ample  of  fuch  vaft  rivers.  When  f  ap- 
proached its  mouth,  I  had  the  mofi:  vehe- 
ment defire  to  afcertain  the  breadth  with 
my  own  eyes,  and  !  Jiave  found  the  mat- 
ter to  be  exad.lY  as  it  was  reprefented. 
f  his  I  deduce  particularly  from  one  cir- 
cumftance  :  when  we  took  our  de^iarture 
from  Monte  Viedo,  a  fort  fuuated  more 
th.an  100  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er, and  where  its  breadth  is  confiderably 
Jimiuiflicd,  we  f  .iled  a  complete  djiv  be-  \ 


including  Sp^iuiards,  Indians,  negroes^ 
and  tliC  mixed  blond,  or  Creoles.  Th.e 
Spaniards  exhibit  much  the  lame  char.ic- 
tcr  here,  as  in  tiie  other  kingdoms  al- 
ready defcribcd.  The  Spaniards  firft  dif- 
covered this  country  in  the  year  15 15, 
and  (mmded  the  town  of  Buenos  Ayres  in 
1535.  Mofl  of  the  country  is  ftill  inha^i- 
ited  by  the  native  Indians;  'I'he  Jtfui.s 
have  been  indefatigable  in  their  endtav- 
ours  to  convect  the  Indians  to  the  belief' 


?  A  R 


PAR 


fif  their  religion,  and  to  introduce  among 
them  the  arts  of  civilized  life,  and  have 
mtt  with  furpriring  fucoefs.  It  is  faid 
thst  above  340,000  families,  feveral  years 
ago,  were  fubjedt  to  the  Jefuits,  living  in 
obedience,  and  an  awe  bordering  on  ad- 
oration, yet  procured  without  any  vio- 
lence or  conftraint.  In  1767,  the  Jefuits 
■were  fent  out  of  America,  by  royal  au- 
thority, and  tl.cir  fubje<fls  were  put  upon 
the  fame  footing  with  the  relt  of  the 
country. 

Paraguay,  a  large  river  of  S.  America, 
which  falls  into  the  river  La  Plata  that 
forms  the  fouthern  boundary  of  Brazil. 
At  the  diftance  of  100  leagues  from  the 
fta,  where  this  and  Parana  River  fall  into 
the  channel,  it  is  at  leaft  10  leagues  over. 

Faralha,  OX  Farayba,  the  moft  northern 
province  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  lying 
between  Rio  Grande  N,  and  the  river 
Tamarack  S,  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean  E,  and 
figuares  W.  It  belongs  to  the  Portu- 
gucfe,  and  abounds  in  fugar-canes,  Bra- 
zil-wood, cattle,tobacco,  cotton, &c.  This 
diftricl:  w<as  given  by  John  III.  of  Portu- 
gal, to  the  hiftorian  De  Barros,  but  he 
neglecSled  the  peopling  of  it.  Some  vag- 
abonds went  over  in  1560,  and  in  159 1 
were  fubdued  by  the  French,  who  were 
foon  obliged  to  evacuate  it.  Philip  III. 
caufed  a  city  to  be  built  upon  this  royal 
domain,  which  is  at  preftnt  known  by 
the  name  of  Notre  Dame  de  Neves. 

Paraiba,  the  metropolis  of  the  above 
province  or  captaiuiliip,  on  the  S  bank 
of  a  river  of  its  name,  3  leagues  from  the 
fea  ;  according  to  others,  10  leagues ;  the 
liver  being  navigable  for  fliips  loaded 
"with  600  or  700  hhds.  of  fugar  a  confid- 
crable  dif^ance  above  the  city.  The 
Dutch  captured  it  in  1635;  but  the  Pur- 
tu'guefe  retook  it  foon  after.  It  has  many 
Aately  hoiifes  decorated  with  marble  pil- 
lars, together  wifh  large  warehoufes  and 
TPAgazints  belonging  to  the  merthaiits. 
The  mouth  of  the  river  is  well  fortiiie.i. 
S  lat.  6  50,  W  long.  49  ^3. 

FaroTnubito,  corruptly  called  Paramari- 
hb,  the  chief  town  of  Surrinam,  contain- 
ing about  400  houfes,  on  the  bank  of  Sur- 
rinam River,  in  a  pleafant  but  unhealthy 
fituation.  The  houfes  are  of  wood,  tub 
rrablv  convenient, erc<5led  on  foundations 
of  European  bricks.  Its  port  is  5  leagues 
from  the  fea,  and  has  every  convenience. 
It  is  the  rendezvous  of  all  the  fliips  from 
the  mother  country,  which  come  hither 
to  receive  the  produce  of  the  colony. 

Fatana,  a  province  in  the  E  divifion  of 


Paraguay,  South  America.  Chief  toxvn, 
St.  Ann. 

Pjrtrij  a  lake  of  Chili,  South  America. 

Faratee,  a  bay  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  8  E  of  Banifter  Bay. 

FarJuba,  a  bay  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil, 
10  leagues  W  N  W  of  Brandihi  Bay. 

Pa.hant  Toivn  and  Harbour^  on  the  N 
fide  of  ihe  ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  Weft 
Indies.  The  harbour  is  defended  by  Ey- 
ram  Fort,  at  Barnacle  Point,  on  the  W 
fide,  and  farther  up  by  another  fort  on 
the  E  fide.  The  town  is  regularly  built, 
and  lies  at  the  head  of  the  harbour,  and 
in  St.  Peter's  parifli. 

Faria,  or  A'^f^;  Anda'ufia,  a  country  of 
Terra  Firma,  bounded  on  the  N  by  the 
N  Sea,  and  S  by  Guiana.  The  fea-coaft  is 
moftly  inhabited,  on  which  there  are  fev- 
eral towns. 

Faria,  a  jurifdi<5lion  in  the  abp.  of  La 
Plata,  in  South  America,  beiginning  70 
leagues  N  W  of  that  city,  and  extending 
about  40  leagues.  It  has  fome  filver 
mines  ;  and  the  cheefe  made  here  is  much 
efleemed,  and  fent  all  over  Peru. 

Fizria,  Gulf  of ,  a  flrait  lying  between 
the  N  W  part  of  New  Andalufia,  and  the 
S  fkorc  of  the  ifland  of  Trinidad.  N  lat, 
9  12,  W  long.  6z  5. 

Farillo,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Santa. 

Farina,  a  point  N  W  of  the  harbour  of 
Payta,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru.  The  country 
within  the  point  is  high  and  mountainous. 
Between  Payta  and  it  is  a  large  bay,  hav- 
ing fhoals.  The  land  is  low,  and  fome 
white  hills  all  the  way. 

Farina  CccaSf  a  jurildi<ilion  in  the  dio- 
cefe  of  Gijamanga,  in  the  audience  of  Li- 
ma, beginning  about  2C  leagues  fouth  of 
the  city  of  Guamanga,  and  extending 
above  25  leagues.  It  has  excellent  paf- 
tures,  grain  and  fruits.  The  mines  of  fil- 
ver and  gold  are  more  produ<ftive  than 
formerly,  and  thefe  form  the  chief  branch 
of  its  commerce. 

Far  is,  a  thriving  port  town  of  excellent 
laud  in  N.  York,  Oneida  county.  It  is  S 
W  of  Whiteuown  6  miles  from  which  it 
was  taken,  and  incorporated  in  179^.  It 
contained,  by  the  State  cenfus  of  17  96, 
3,459,  and  in  1800,  4,721  inliabitants. 
Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Paris. 
Hamilton  Oneida  academy  is  firuated  in 
this  town,  in  Clinton  parifh,  where  is  alfo 
a  CVmgrcgation-?!  church  ;  and  marks 
of  rapid  progrtfs  ixi  improvements  and 
wealth  are  vilihle. 

Faris,  the  coimty  tov.'n  of  Bourbon  co. 
Kentucky,  18  miles  N  E  of  Lexington. 

I: 


PAR 


PAS 


It  has  a  court  houfe  and  gaol,  a  Prefbytc- 
rian  church,  and  feveral  valuable  mills 
are  in  the  vicinity.  The  houfes  are  prin- 
cipally of  brick  and  ftone.  It  is  a  thriv- 
ing, pleafant  town,  of  377  inhabitants. 

Paris^  in  Loudon  co.  Virginia.  Here 
is  a  port  office,  59  miles  from  Wiifliington. 

ParisyA  town  in  Cumberland  co.  Maine. 
The  northerly  branch  of  the  Little  Amar- 
ifcoggin  rifes  in  this  townfliip,  and  run- 
ning about  8  miles  on  its  wcfterly  fidp, 
palTes  through  Hebron  and  Poland  into 
the  Great  Amarilcoggin.  It  has  844  in- 
habitants. 

Paris,  an  ifland  on  the  coafl:  of  South 
Carolina. 

Ptirhrs  JJland,  or  Rujkohcgan,  in  Lincoln 
CO.  Maine,  is  formed  by  tiie  waters  of 
Kennebeck  River  W,  by  the  fca  S,  by 
jeremyPquam  Bay  £,  and  by  a  fmall  fVrait, 
which  divides  it  from  Aroufeag  Ifland  N. 
It  derives  its  name  from  John  Parker,  who 
purehafed  it  of  the  natives  in  1650;  and 
a  part  of  it  ftill  remains  to  his  pofterity. 
It  is  in  the  towniliip  of  Georgttoivn  ; 
which  lee. 

Parker  Rivr,  takes  its  rife  in  Bcxford, 
and  running  E  into  the  Wparifli  of  Row- 
ley, it  pafl'es  through  Rock  and  Pantuck- 
et  Ponds,  and  receiving  from  the  S  a 
ftream  which  comes  from  Eiders  Pond  in 
the  S  parilli  of  Boxford,  it  turns  N  be- 
tween Bradford  andByticId,palTesthiGUgh 
Crane  Pond,  thence  it  takes  the  name  of 
Frefli  River,  and  running  E  feveral  miles, 
rufliing  over  a  number  of  falls,  it  meets 
the  tide  half  a  mile  N  of  Byfield  meet- 
ing houfe  ;  thence  it  is  called  Parker,  and 
aficr  wandering  a  dozen  miles  through 
the  marflies,  ic  enters  Plum  Ifland  Sound 
by  a  mouth  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  in 
width.  It  is  rich  in  a  variety  of  filli,  and 
has  depth  of  water  to  be  navigable  for 
coafting  velTels  to  the  head  of  the  tide, 
but  is  obftrucSted  by  two  bridges.  One 
is  about  two  miles  from  its  mouth  on  the 
pofl:  road  from  Bofton  to  the  eaftward, 
which  is  870  feet  long,  and  36  wide,  fup- 
ported  by  lolid piers  and  8  wooden  arches: 
it  was  buiit  in  1758.  The  other  is  much 
lef8,  near  Bylield  academy. 

Farramore,  one  of  the  fmall  iflands  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  which  line  the  taft 
coaft  of  Northampton  co.  Virginia. 

Parr  Toivn,  in  Nova  Scotia. 

Pjrrs  Point,  is  the  S  E  point  of  Half 
Moon  Bay,  on  the  N  E  fid*-:  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Chriftopher's,  in  the  Weft  Indies. 
The  coafl  hcxe  is  rocky. 

Pur/jHsfiddf  a  poft  town  in  Ynrk  co. 


Mair>«,  on  the  New  Hampfliire  line,  be- 
tween Great  and  Little  GiTapee  Rivers  \ 
and  is  118  miles  N  of  Bofton.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1785,  and  contains  1,350 
inhabitants. 

Partidoy  a  fmall  iflrmd,  under  tlie  high 
hill  of  St.  Martin,  in  the  S  \V  part  of  Cam- 
peachy  Gulf.  Ir  lies  in  the  fairway  acroft-. 
the  bay  from  Cape  Catochc  to  Vera  Ci  uz. 

Pattrid^efieU,  a  townilup  of  Mairacim- 
fetts,  in  Berkihirr  co.  26  miles  WN  W  of 
Nc.rthamptoiXr  It  contains  1,361  inhab- 
itants. 

Pafcagaula,  a  river  of  tlieMiiuJlppi  Ter- 
ritory, which  purfucs  a  S  by  E  courfe 
through  W.  Florida,  now  part  of  Loiiiii- 
ana,  and  empties  into  the  Gulf  ofMtxico 
by  feveral  mouths,  which  together  occu- 
py a  fpace  of  3  or  4  miles;  which  is  one 
ccmtinued  bed  of  oyfl:er  lliclls,  with  very 
Ihoal  water.  The  wefttrnmoii  branch 
has  4  fett  water,  and  is  the  deepcft.  Af- 
ter croffiog  the  bar,  there  is  from  3  u>  6 
fathoms  water  for  a  great  diftance,  and 
the  nvcr  is  faid  to  be  na-'igabic  more 
than  150  miles.  The  foil  on  this  river, 
like  that  on  all  the  others  that  pafs 
through  Georgia  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
grows  better  as  you  advance  towards  its 
fource. 

Pafcaljqua,  Or  Pifcataqua,  is  the  only 
large  river,  whofe  whole  courfe  is  in  New 
Hampll;ire.  Its  head  is  a  pond  in  the  N 
E  corner  of  the  town  ot  Wakefield,  and 
its  general  courfe  thence  to  tlie  fea  is  S  S 
E  about  40  miles,  it  divides  N.  Hamp- 
fliire from  York  co.  Maine,  and  is  called 
Salmon  Fall  River,  from  its  head  to  the 
lower  falls  at  Berwick,  where  it  aflumes 
the  name  of  Newichawannock,  which  ic 
bears  till  it  meets  with  Cochecho  River, 
which  coTnes  from  Dover,  when  both  run 
together  in  one  channel  to  Hilton's  Point, 
where  the  weflern  branch  meets  it :  from 
this  jundtion  to  the  fea,  the  river  is  fo  rap- 
id that  it  never  freezes;  the  diftancc  is  7 
miles,  and  the  courfe  generally  from  S  r<> 
S  E.  The  weflern  branch  isVormed  by 
Swamfcot  River,  which  comes  fro.^n  Exe- 
ter, Winnicot  .River,  whicii  coiuc.s  thro* 
Greenland,  and  Lamprey  River,  which 
divides  Newmarket  from  Durham  ;  theie 
empty  into  a  bay,  4  miles  wide,  called 
the  Great  Bay.  The  water,  in  its  tnrthcr 
progrefs,  is  contrai^ed  into  a  Itfur  bay, 
and  then  it  receives  Oyfler  Rivet,  w!\ich 
runs  through  Durh.im,  and  Back  llivcr, 
which  comes  from  Dover,  and  At  length 
meets  with  the  main  ftream  ?X  liihon's 
Pciat.     The  tide  rifes  into  all  thefc  bay-,, 

ami 


P  A  ^ 


PAS 


and  br^nche?  as  far  a?  the  lower  falls  in 
each  river,  aftd  forms  a  molt  rapid  cut - 
rent,  efpccially  at  the  feafous  of  the  frefli- 
ets,  v/hen  the  ebb  continues  about  two 
hours  longer  than  tlie  flood  ;  and  were  it 
Uot  for  the  numerous  eddies,  formed  by 
ihe  indentings  of  the  fhore,  the  ferries 
would  then  be  imp^flable.  At  the  lower 
f^lis  in  the  feveral  branches  of  the  river, 
arc  landing  places,  vhence  lumber  and 
ether  country  produce  is  tranfported, 
and  veffels  or  boats  from  below  difch<jrge 
their  lading  ;  fo  that  in  each  river  there 
is  a  convenient  trading  place,  not  more 
than  12  or  15  miles  from  Portfmouth, 
with  which  there  is  cnnftant  communica- 
tion by  every  tide.  Thus  the  river,  from 
its  form,  and  the  fituation  of  its  branches, 
is  extremely  favourable  to  the  purpofes 
of  navigation  and  commerce.  A  light- 
houfe,  with  a  finglc  light,  ftands  at  the 
entrance  of  Pifcataqua  harbour,  in  lat. 
43  4  N,  aad  long.  70  41. 

Pafpaya^  a  jnrifdidlion  in  the  archbifli- 
oprick  of  La  Plata,  about  40  Teagues  to 
the  S  of  the  city  of  that  name.  It  is 
mountainous,  but  abounds  in  grain,  pulfe, 
and  fruits. 

Pafquotani,  a'  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Edentort  diftridV,  N  of  Albemarle  Sound. 
It  contains  5,037  inhabitants,  including 
1,593  ilaves.  At  Pafquotank  in  this  co. 
is  a  poft  office,  308  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

P.ifquotanl,  a  fmall  river  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, which  rifes  in  the  Great  Difmal  Swamp, 
and,  paffing  by  Hertford,  fails  into  Albe- 
m:irle  Sound. 

Pajfadutiieagy  z  cnnliderable  branch  of 
Penobfcot  River  on  its  E  fide.  It  mean- 
dens  through  4  townfliips,  lately  furvey- 
fd,  and  about  to  be  fettled.  'J'his  river 
is  the  route  by  which  the  Indians  had  an 
inlsnd  communication  with  theSchooduck 
Lakes,  and  other  waters  which  flow  into 
Paflamaquoddy  Bay  by  a  fhort  portage. 

Pcifa^rafaniaukeag,  the  Indian  name  of  a 
fmall  ftrtam,  which  runs  through  the 
town  ofBelfaft,IVIaine,into  Penobfcot  Bay. 

Pojkatauques^  a  large  branch  of  Penob-  , 
fcot  River,  on  its  W  fide.  It  waters  more 
than  50  miles,  and  receives  immediately 
10  ofhcr  flieams  vrhich  alfo  receive  as 
many  other  fmail  tributaries,  and  as  ma- 
ny rHore  ponds  fpread  over  about  30 
townfliips  of  6  miles  fquare,  lately  fur- 
Tcyed,  and  progrcfling  in  cultivation. 

PaJ'agc  Fort,  a  fmall  town  of  the  ifland 
«f  Jamaica,  Ctuated  in  the  road  between 
Fort  Royal  and  Spanrfli  Town,  7  miles- 


S  E-of  the  latter,  and  at  tl  e  nunith  of  Co- 
bre  Pvivcr,  where  is  a  fort  with  lo  or  la 
g'lns.  It  has  a  briOc  trade,  and  contain* 
about  400  hnufcs,  the  grcateft  part  of 
them  houfes  of  enteirainnunt. 

Pojfa^e  JJlatid  lies  acrofs  tiie  mouth  of 

the  river  Cobeca,  near  the  N  W  part  of 

the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico.     The  harbour 

I  for  fliips  is  at  the  E  end  of  the  ifland, 

I       I'ojJ<jgf  TJlands,  Great  and  Little,  two  of 

1  the  Virgin  Illands,  in  the  W,  Indies,  near 

the  E  end  ()f  the   ifland  of  PortO  Rica. 

Nlat.  i8  2o,W  long.  64  5. 

Pajfagc  Pointy  in  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan, lies  at  the  W  end  of  Royal  Reach, 
and  5  leagues  W  N  W  of  Fortelcue's  Bay. 
S  lat.  53  45,  W  long.  73  40. 

Pajfaik,  or  Pafu'uk,  ig  a  very  crooked 
river.    It  rifes  in  a  large  fwamp  in  Morri» 
CO.  N.  Jerfey,c7nd  its  courle  is  from  W  N  W 
to  E  SE, until  it  mingles  with  the  Hackin- 
fac  at  the  bead  of  Newark  Bay    It  is  navi- 
gable about  10  miles,  and  is   230  yards 
wide  at  the  ferry.    The  cataracH:,  or  Great 
Falls,  in  this  river,  is  one  of  the  greateft 
natural  curiofities  in  the  State.     The  riv- 
er is  about  40  yards  wide,  and  moves  iu 
a  flow,  gentle  current,  until  coming  with- 
in a   fhort  diflance  of  a  deep  clelt  in  a 
rock*  which  crofles   the  channel,  it  de- 
fccnds  and  falls  above  70  feet  perpendic- 
ular, in    one  entire  flieet,  prefenting  a 
moft   beautiful    and    tremendous   fcene. 
The  new  manufa<5luring  town  of  Patter- 
fon  is  erected  on  the  Great  Falls  of  this 
river  5  and  its  banks  are  adorned  with 
many  elegant  country  feats.     It  abounds 
with   fifh  of  various   kinds.     There  is  a 
bridge  500  feet  long,  over  this  river,  on 
the  poft  road  from  Philadelphia,  to  New- 
York. 

Pafjmaqucddy,  a  bay  and  river,  near 
which  is  the  divifion  line  between  the 
Eritifli  province  of  N.  Brunfwick  and  the 
U.  States  of  America.  The  ifland  of  Campo 
Bello,  in  the  N.  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  at  the 
middle  or  Wpaflage  of  the  bay,  in  lat.  44 
^o  N,  and  long.  66  46  W.  The  diftancc 
from  Crofs  Iflc,  Macliias,  to  W.  Paflama- 
quoddy  Head,  is  9  leagues  N  E  by  E  ; 
and  from  the  Head  over  the  bar  to  Al- 
len's Ifle  N  N  W  1  leagues.  When  you 
come  from  the  S  W,  and  are  bound  into 
Wefl  Paflamaquoddy,  you  mull  give  the 
Seal  Rocks  a  birth  of  three  quarters  of  a 
mile  before  you  haul  in  from  the  harbour, 
as  there  is  a  whirlpool  to  the  eaflward  of 
them.  The  bay  is  about  a  league  from 
this  point.  It  is  high  water  here  at  iull 
and  change   of  the  moon,  abeut  the  fame 

time 


PAT 


PAT 


time  as  at  Bofton.  There  arc  thrf  e  rivers 
which  fall  into  this  bay  ;  the  JargeH:  is 
called  by  tiie  modern  Indians,  the  Scoo- 
tlick ;  but  by  Dc  Mons  and  Charaplaine 
Etchemins.  Its  main  fource  is  near  Pe- 
nobfcot  River,  and  the  carrying  place  be- 
tween tiie  tvvo  rivers  is  but  3  miles.  See 
■JN'etv  Brunfivick.  The  mcuth  of  Paframa- 
quoddy  River  has  25  fathoms  water. 

Pajfamayuoddy  Poft  Office,  on  the  abovc 
clefcribed  bay,  is  kept  at  a  Httle  village 
at  tlie  mouth  of  Cobfcook  River,  17  miles 
tliis  fide  Brewer's,  the  eaflernmoft  poft  of- 
fice in  the  U.  States,  ao  N  E  of  M^chlas, 
and  378  N  E  of  Bofton. 

Pajfamuqmddiets  a  tribe  cf  Indians  who 
jniiabit  near  the  hay  oX  their  name. 

Paj[o  Magna,  a  river  of  Florida,  in  lat, 
36  N. 

Pajfumpftck,  a  fmall  river  of  Vermont, 
runs  a  fouthern  courfe,  and  empties  into 
Connecn:icut  River,  below  the  Fifteen 
Mile  falls,  in  the  town  of  Barnet. 

Pojfyunk,  a  town(hip  iu  Philadelphia 
«o.  Pennfylvania,  having  884  inhabitants. 

Pajio,  or  S/.  "Juan  de  Pojio,  a  town  of 
Popayan  in  S.  America.  N  lat.  1-50,  W 
long.  76  55. 

Patagoa,  a  rivcr  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil, 
which  enters  the  ocean  S  W  of  Rio 
Jancira. 

Patagunia^  a  country  of  S.  America,  lit- 
tle known,  extending  from  35  to  near  54  S 
lat.  being  x  ioo  miles  long,  and  upwards  of 
300  broad,  lying  S  of  Chili  and  Paraguay. 
The  £  coaft  is  generally  low,  but  has  few 
good  harbours  ;  that  of  St.  Julian  is  one 
©f  the  beft.  It  is  i»  called  from  Patagom^ 
a  principal  tribe  of  its  inhabitants.  There 
is  no  timber  in  the  S  parts,  though  the  N 
parts  contain  an  immcufe  quantity,  and 
numerous  flocks  of  cattle. 

Patapfco,  a  navigable  river  of  Maryland, 
frhich  empties  from  the  N  W  into  Chcfa- 
peak  Bay  ;  its  mouth  being  formed  by  N. 
Point,  and  Bodkin  Point  on  the  S,  which 
lafl  is  in  lat.  39  8  30  N.  It  rifes  in  Yoik 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  and  purfucs  a  S  and  iJ 
E  courfe  till  it  reaches  lilkridge  Landing, 
about  8  miles  S  W  of  Baltimore  ;  it  there 
tarns  eaftwardly  over  falls,  and  widens 
into  a  broad  bay-like  ftream  to  its  mouih. 
It  is  about  30  or  40  yards  wide  juft  be- 
fore it  communicates  with  the  balon  on 
w'hich  ftands  the  large  commercial  town  of 
Baltimore.  The  firft  difcoverer  called  it  Bo- 
lus River,  from  the  red  earth  found  near 
it,  rcfcmbling  bole  a.mmoniac.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  vclfcls  drawing  i  S  feet  water  to 
f"!Vs  Point  at  Biiltimorc;  but  the  fa'-U  i 


Uttlc  above  Eikridge  Landing,  prevens^ 
the  navigation  farther. 

Patavirca,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  jurif- 
didlion  of  Santa,  or  Guarmty,  conhfting 
of  about  60  houles.  It  lies  on  the  loacl 
leading  from  Paita  to  Lima,  67  miles  N 
of  that  city.  About  three  quarter*  of  a. 
league  from  this  town,  and  near  the 
fca.-coaft,  are  ftill  remaining  fome  huge 
walls  of  un burnt  bricks,  being  the  ruin* 
of  a  palace  of  one  of  the  Indian  prin- 
ces. Its  fituation  corrcfponds  with  the 
tradition ;  having  on  one  fide,  a  inoft 
fertile  and  delightful  country,  and  on  the 
other,  the  refrtiliing  profpedt  of  the  fea. 

Pataxy  a  jurifdiclion  in  the  dioccfe  of 
iTniiillo,  in  S.  America,  It  is  lituated 
among  the  mountains,  and  ha>  a  varic  ty 
of  products,  of  which  gold  ifi  the  chief. 

Patthuca,  or  Patiocu^  a  toAvn  of  Mexico, 
in  N.  America,  having  a  filver  mine  iu  it* 
vicinity,     N  Icit.  21,  W  long  99  58. 

Paiience^  an  iHand  ixi  Narraganfet  Eav, 
Rhode  Iiland,  and  lies  a  mile  S  Eof  War- 
wick Neck.  It  is  about  two  miles  long, 
and  one  broad, 

Patotvtnach^  a  large  and  noble  river 
which  rifes  by  two  branches,  the  north- 
ern and  the  fourhern,  which  originate  in 
and  near  the  Allegliany  Mountains,  and 
forms,  through  its  whole  courfe,  part  of 
the  boundary  between  the  States  of  Vir- 
ginia and  Maryland.  Its  courfe  is  N  Kto 
Fort  Oimberlandjthence  turning  to  the  E  it 
receives  Conecochcaguc  Creek  from  Penn- 
fylvania ;  then  purfuing  a  S  E  courfe,  it 
receives  the  Shenandoah  from  the  S  W; 
after  this  it  runs  a  S  E  and  S  courfe,  till 
it  reaches  Maryland  Point ;  therKC  to  its 
mouth  it  runs  S  E.  In  its  c»urfe  it  re- 
ceives feversl  coniiderablc  llreams,  which 
are  defcribed  under  their  refpective heads. 
The  di  fiance  from  the  Capes  of  Virginia 
to  the  terminyticm  of  the  tide  water  ia 
this  rivtr  is  above  300  miles;  and  navi- 
gable for  flilps  of  the  greateft  burden, 
nearly  that  diftance.  From  thence  tjii» 
rivcr,  obflrudlcd  by  ("our  confiderablc 
falls,  extends  through  a  vaft  tiadl  of  in- 
liabitCil  country  towards  its  fource.  Ear- 
ly in  the  year  1785,  the  legiiiaturcs  of 
Virginia  and  Maryland  pafltd  acVs  to  en- 
courage opening  the  navigation  of  x\\.i 
river.  It  was  eftirnated  that  the  expenh. 
of  the  works  would  amount  to  ^5C,cco 
flerling,  and  10  years  were  allowed  for 
their  completion.  Tlie  fails  above  Gcor-y- 
town  i\\c  now  pailalilc  m  boats.  1  Iiis 
ijoble  fiver  pafTcs  by  many  flwuriflunw 
towns;  tihf  chief  o*  whicji  arc  ShfphfrcT- 


P  A 


P  A  U 


ftown,  Georgetown,  Wafliington  Clty>  Al- 
exandria,New  Marlborough,  and  Charlef- 
town,  or  Port  Tobacco.  It  is  7^  miles 
wide  at  its  mouth  ;  4^  at  Nomony  Bay  ; 
3  at  Aquia;  r^  at  Hallooing  Point;  and 
I J  at  Alexanclria.  Its  Ibundings  are  7 
tat  horns  at  the  mouth  ;  5  at  St.  George's 
Illand  ;  4^  at  Lower  Matchodie  ;  3  at 
Swan's  Point,  and  thence  up  to  Alexan- 
dria. The  tides  in  the  river  are  not  very 
ftrong,  excepting  after  great  rains,  when 
the  ebb  is  pretty  ftrong  ;  then  there  is  lit- 
tle or  no  flood,  and  there  is  never  more 
than  4  or  5  hour's  flood,  except  with  long 
and  ftrong  S  winds.  In  order  to  form 
jiifl  conceptions  of  this  inland  navigation, 
it  would  be  requifite  to  notice  the  long 
rivers  which  empty  into  the  Patowmack, 
and  iurvicy  the  geographical  polltion  of 
the  weftern  waters.  The  diftance  of 
the  waters  of  the  Ohio  to  Patow- 
mack, will  be  from  ft/teen  to  forty  miles, 
according  to  the  trouble  which  will  be 
taken  to  approach  the  two  navigations. 
The  upper  part  of  this  river,  until  it  paf- 
fes  the  Blue  Ridge,  is  called,  in  Fry  and 
JefFerfon's  map,  Cehovgoronto. 

Patrick,  a  county  of  Virginia,  contain- 
ing 6,68a  free,  and  647  black  people.  At 
the  court  houfe  is  a  poft  office,  3s 3  miles 
from  Walliington. 

Patricfsy  St,  a  fmall  town,  the  chief 
of  Camrlen  co.  Georgia,  fituated  on  Great 
Satiila  River,  about  ^%  miles  trom  its 
mouth,  and  the  fame  diftance  northweft- 
crly  of  the  town  of  Sf.  Mary's. 

Patridg.Jidd.      See  Partr^g  field. 

Patttrijhurg,  a  fniall  town  m  Botetourt 
CO.  Virginia,  lltuated  upon  James'  River, 
on  the  great  road,  'z6  miles  from  Lexing- 
ton, \i  from  Fincaftic. 

Patter  [on  ^  a  town  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Ter- 
fcy.  called  fo  in  honour  of  the  governor 
ot  the  State  of  that  name,  and  now  one 
of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Federal 
Court,  ft  was  cftabliflied  in  confequcnce 
of  an  a<ft  of  the  legiflature  of  N.  Jerfey, 
in  1791,  incorporating  a  manufac^luritig 
company  with  peculiar  privileges.  Its  fit- 
uation,on  the  Great  Falls  of  Pallaic  Riv- 
er, is  healthy  and  agreeable.  It  now  con- 
tains about  50  dwelling  houfes,  indepen- 
dent of  thofe  appropriated  for  the  ma- 
chinery; and  it  is  certainly  one  of  the 
mod  convenient  fjtuations  for  a  manufac- 
turing town,  of  any  on  the  continent 
This  company  was  incorporated  to  en- 
courage all  kinds  of  manufacSbures,  and 
the  fum  of  500,000  dollars  was  foon  fub- 
faibed  ;  but  for  waut  of  experience,  and 


a  proper  knowledge  of  the  bufinefs,  much 
was  expended  to  little  purpofe  ;  and  they 
were  at  laft  reduced  to  the  neceffity  of 
having  recourfe  to  a  lottery  to  affifl:  them 
in  carrying  their  plan  into  execution.  It 
is  19  miles  N  E  of  Morriftown,  10  N  of 
Newark.     N  lat.  40  12,  W  long.  74  57. 

Patucket,  a  fmall  village  about  4  miles 
N  E  of  Providence  a  bufy  place  of  con- 
fiderable  trade,  and  where  manufadlurcs 
of  feveral  kinds  are  carried  on  with  fpir- 
it.  Through  this  village  runs  Patucket, 
or  Pawtucket  River,  which  empties  inta 
Scekhonk  River  at  this  place.  The  river 
Patucket,  called  more  northerly  Black- 
ftone's  River,  has  a  beautiful  fall  of  wa- 
ter, dircdlly  over  which  a  bridge  has 
been  built  on  the  line,  which  divides  the 
Commonwealth  of  MafTachufetts  from  the 
State  of  Rhode-Ifland  ;  diftant  about  40 
miles  S  by  W  of  Bofton.  The  confluent 
ftream  empties  into  Providence  River 
about  a  mile  below  Weyboflett,  or  the 
GrcatBridgc.  Thefall,initswholclength, 
is  upwards  of  fifty  feet  ;  and  the  water 
palTes  through  feveral  chafms  in  a  rock, 
which,  extending  diametrically  acrofs 
the  bed  of  the  ftream,  ferves  as  a  dam  to 
the  water.  Several  mills  have  been  erect- 
ed upon  thefe  falls  ;  and  the  fpouts  and 
channels  which  have  been  conflrutSted  to 
condudl  the  ftreams  to  their  refpedlive 
wheels,  and  the  bridge,  have  taken  very 
much  from  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of 
the  fcenc  ;  which  vould  otherwife  have 
been  indefcribably  charming  and  romantic. 

Patuy-ent,  or  Patuxet^  a  navigable  river 
of  Maryland,  which  rifes  near  the  fource 
of  Patapfco  Kiver,  and  emptier  into  the 
W  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay  between  Drum 
and  Kog  Ifland  Points,  15  or  ao  miles  N 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Patowmac.  It  ad- 
mits veffels  of  250  tens  to  Nottingham, 
nearly  46  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  of 
boats  to  Queen  Anne,  la  miles  higher. 
Paiuxent  is  as  remarkable  a  river  as  any 
in  the  bay,  having  very  high  land  on  its 
north  fide,  with  red  banks  or  cTIfls.  When 
vou  double  Drum  Point,  you  come  too  in 
•i\  and  3  fathoms  water,  where  you  will; 
be  fecure  from  all  wincl3. 

Puucar-CoUa,  a  jurifdi(5lion  in  the  bifh- 
oprick  of  I^a  Paz,  in  S.  America,  border- 
ing on  CliUr.uito.  It  is  lituated  in  the 
mountains,  and  abounds  in  cattle.  The 
air  is  here  very  cold.  The  filvcr  mine 
called  Laycaoota,  w:js  formerly  fo  rich, 
that  the  me-tal  war,  often  cut  out  with  a 
chiire!  ;  but  the  waters  having  overflow- 
ed the  work;,  it  is  abandoned. 

Pauceriambof 


J?  A  t) 


P  A  V 


jharitartamho\^  a  jurifdt(5l!0n  of  the  dlo- 
trfe  of  Cufco,  in  S.  America.  It  is  very 
fruitful,  and  lies  80  leagues  E  of  Cufco. 

Paukatuci,  a  fmall  river  which  empties 
into  Stoningtdii  harbour,  and  forms  a 
pnrt  of  the  dividon  line  between  Con- 
nctSticut  and  Rhodc-Illand. 

Paul's  Bay,  St.  on  f he  N  W  fliore  of  the 
river  St.  Lavfrencc,  is  about  6  leagues  be- 
low Cape  Torment,  where  a  chain  of 
mountains  of  400  leagues  in  length  ter- 
minate from  the  weftward. 

Pcitd's  Bay,  St.  on  tlie  N  W  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  Ifland.     N  lat.  49  50,  W 

PiixtCs  If.amU  St.  an  iflffnd  in  the  flrait 
between  Newfoundland  and  Cape  Breton 
iflands.  It  is  about  15  miles  north-eafl 
of  North  Cape,  in  Cape  Breton.  N  lat. 
47   13)  ^V  long.  60  2. 

Paul^  Si.  a  town  of  Brazil,  5.  America, 
in*the  taptainfliip  of  St.  Vincent.  It  is 
a  kind  of  an  independent  republic,  com- 
pofed  of  the  banditti  of  feveral  nations. 
However,  they  pay  a  tribute  of  gold  to 
the  king  of  Portugal,  h  is  furrounded 
by  inacceffible  motJfitains  and  thick  for- 
tfts.     S  lat.  7:2  *5>  W  long.  45  5a. 

Paul,  St.  a  town  of  New-Mexico,  fltu- 
ated  At  the  confluence  of  the  two  main 
Lead  branches  of  the  Rio  Bravo. 

Paul,  St.  the  mod  foutherly  of  the  Pearl 
iflands,  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  S.  Amer- 
ica. In  the  N  fide  is  a  fafe  channel  ; 
where,  if  neceffary,  there  is  a  place  for 
careening  fliips. 

PaufsySt.  a  parifii  in  Colleton  diftridl, 
S-  Carolina,  containing  7144  inhabitants, 
of  whom  6383  are  (laves. 

PaultngfiQivn^  or  Patvl'mg,  a  townfliip  in  I 
t)utchefs  CO.  N.  York,  lying  on  the  wef-  j 
tern  boundary  of  Connecticut,  and  has  ! 
South  and  Eaft  Town  on  the  fouth.  It  1 
contains  4269  inhahitahts,  of  whom  34 
are  ilaves. 

Paulins  Kill.     See  Suffex  co.  Neiv  Jerfey. 

Pauljhurghy  an  uninlrabited  towr.lhip  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfriire,  on  the  he^d 
waters  of  Amonoofurk  River, and  through 
which  pailes  Andrcl'coggin  River, 

Paului  Ilooii  in  Bergen  co.  H.  Jerfey,  is 
i>n  the  weft  bank  of  Hudfon  River,  oppo- 
Ctc  N.  York  city,  where  the  river  is  a,ooo 
jrards  wide.  Here  is  a  ferry,  vhich  is 
perhaps  more  ufcd  than  any  other  in  th.c 
United  States.  This  vvas  a  fortified  port 
in  the  late  war.  In  1780  the  frofi:  was  fo 
intenfe,  that  »hc  pafl'age  acfofs  the  river 
here  was  practicable  for  the  heavieft  can- 
non. 

Vol.  I  O  ag 


Paivlft,  a  townfliip  in  Rutland  co.  Ver- 
mont, having  1938  inhabitants.  It  (lands 
on  the  N.  York  line,  has  Wells  N,  and 
Rupert  S,  and  is  watered  by  Pawlet  Riv- 
er, which  joins  Wood  Creek  and  the  con- 
fluent ftream,  falls  into  South  Bay  at  Fid» 
dlcr's  Elbow.  Hayftack  Mountain  is  in 
this  townfliip. 

Pu-u'tuckst  Falls,  In  Merrimack  River, 
are  in  the  townfliip  of  Dracut. 

Paivtuxet,  a  village  in  the  townfliip  of 
Cranfton,  Providence  co. Rhode-IHand. 

Paxaros,  an  ifland  on  the  coall  of  Calf* 
forniaj  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean.  N  lat. 
30  18,  W  long.  120  45. 

Paxtcn,  Upper,  Z,o7zrr,and  Middle,  three 
townlhips  in  Dauphin  co.  Pennfylvania  ; 
the  firft  has  2274,  the  fecond  7  27,  and  tlic 
third,  including  Swetara,  3208  inhabit- 
ants. 

Paxton,  a  townfliip  of  MafHichufetts, 
Worcerter  co.  8  miles  weft  of  Worcefter. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1765^  and  contains 
582  inhabitants. 

Payjjn,  a  fmall  town  in  the  jurifdidlioii 
of  Truxillo,  in  Peru,  8  leagues  S  of  St. 
Pedro. 

Paynrfvilley  a  town  lu  Trumbull  co; 
State  of  Ohio,  en  Lake  Erie,  near  the 
mouth  of  Grand  River.  It  had,  in  1802, 
about  150  inhabitants. 

Paytaba,  a  town  and  captainfhip  in  the 
northern  divifion  of  Brazil. 

Payta^  or  Pa'ita,  a  fmall  fea-port  of  Qui- 
to on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  with  an  excellent 
harbour,  it  leagues  north  of  the  iiland 
called  Lobos  de  Payta.  Ships  from  Ac- 
apulco,  Soufonnate,  Realeijo,  and  Pana- 
ma, to  Callaojcan  only  touch  andrefrefli 
here  ;  and  tlie  length  of  their  voyages,  by 
reafon  of  the  winds  being  moft  of  the 
year  agalnft  tJiem,  oecafions  the  port  to 
be  very  much  frequented.  Yet  fo  p.^rch- 
ed  is  the  fituation  of  Payta,  that  it  affords 
little  befides  filli,  a  few  goats  and  frcflx 
water  ;  their  chief  provifions  being  fur- 
niilied  by  Colan  and  Piura,  the  one  3, 
and  the  other  14  leagues  diftant.  The 
bay  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  it  is  fo  lit- 
uated  thrtt  even  mu(k.ets  alone  can  hinder 
boats  from  landing,  being  under  a  pretty 
high  hill,  on  the  fummit  of  which  is 
another  fort,  that  commands  the  towa 
and  lower  fort.  It  h.?d  only  a  fort  with 
8  guns,  when  Commodore  Anfon  took  it 
in  1741.  He  burnt  the  town,  in  which 
was  merchandize  to  the  value  of  a  miiliont 
and  a  half  of  dollars,  becaufc  the  gover- 
nor refufcd  to  ranfoni  it.  The  plunder 
in  dollars  and  plate,  amounted  to 
X30POO 


PEA 


PEA 


^30,000  PfciTIng,  It  was  plundered  and 
burnt  by  Capt.  C.^.TcndiHi,  in  1587,  and 
by  Ckorgc  SpiTbtro  in  1615.  l"here  ij- 
anchorage  in  io-|  fathoms  aboat  a  mik 
and  a  half  from  the  town.  S  lat.  5  15, 
W  long.  80  55. 

Pazy  La^  a  fmall  jurifdiiTkion  of  the  au- 
dience of  Charcas,  in  Peru,  S.  Amt  rira. 
Tt  is  fltiiatcd  in  the  mfiuntains,  {)nc  ot" 
which,  called  lUimani,  contains,  in  all  hu- 
man probability,  imineTife  riches;  for  a 
crag  of  it  being  broken  01}"  fonie  yenrs 
■fincc  by  a  flafli  of  lightning,  fuch  a  quan- 
tity of  gold  was  found  among  the  frag- 
ments, that  it  was  Ibid  for  Ibmc  time  at 
I.a  Paz  for  eight  pieces  of  eight  per 
ounce.  Biit  the  fummit  of  thismountain 
being  perpetually  covered  with  ice  and 
fnow,  no  attempt  has  been  made  to  o^jtn 
a  mine. 

Pj-z,  La,  a  city  of  Peru,  and  capital  of 
ibe  above  jnrifdicSbion,  is  K  of  the  lake 
Titiaca,  on  the  lide  of  a  valley,  among 
the  breaches  of  the  mountains,  through 
tvhich  a  pretty  large  river  flows.  In 
frefliets,  the  current  of  the  river  forces 
along  huge  maOcs  of  rocks,  with  ibme 
grains  of  gold.  In  the  year  1730,  an  bi- 
dian,  while  wailiing  his  feet  in  the  river, 
found  a  lump  of  gold  of  Inch  a  iize,  that 
the  Marcj[.uis  dc  Calk  I  Fuerte  gave  i2,ooo 
pieces  of  eight  for  it,  and  fent  it  to  Spain 
as  a  prcfent  worthy  the  cuiiolity  of  his 
fovereign.  This  city  contains  belidcs  the 
cathedral. many  public  edifrces,  c'.nd  about 
20,C00  inhabitants.  It  is  180  miles  N  of 
La  Plata,  and  35c  S  E  of  Cufco.  S  lat. 
15  59,  W  long.  64.  30. 

Pdzoio,  a  cape  of  N.  America,  on  the 
W  fide  of  the  peninfula  of  California,  to-  \ 
•wards  the  S  end  of  it,  in  abo«t  lat.  G4  N, 
and  long,  r  ij  W. 

Peiicd  River,  a  large  river  (\l  N.  Ameri- 
ca, whicli  runs  northeaflcrly  into  the  Lake 
of  the  Hills,  bi  the  drieft  feafon  it  is  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  wide.  The  lands  on 
this -river  arc  inhabited  by  the  lieavtr 
3nd  Rockv  Mountain  Indians.  Like  all 
people  unacqu'iinted  with  the  gofpc!,  they 
are  a  barbarous,  wicked  race  of  beings. 
Polvgamv  is  practifed,  and  the  women 
are  in  the  lowed  ilatc  of  debaftmtnt.  At 
their  funerals,  among  other  extravagant 
tokens  of  furrow,  the  women,  if  the  de- 
ceafed  be  a  favourite  fon  or  hufband,  cut 
off  a  finger  at  the  lir ft  joint,  t^ome  of  the 
©Id  women  have  not  a  whole  fiiig'.-r  left. 
Ihe  men  think  it  below  their  dignity  to 
fhow  any  mark  of  grief.  I'hefe  creatures 
are  great  ^jamcfters,  purfuing  the  bufi- 


nefs.fometimes  for  feveral days  aHdnighfi.. 
Their  habitations  are  formed  by  letting 
up  a  number  of  poUs,  united  at'the  top^ 
expanded  at  the  bottom  in  a  circle  of  iz 
or  15  feet  diameter.  Thefe  arc  covered 
with  dreiTed  ikins  fewcd  together.  This 
and  other  drudgeries  are  performed  by* 
the  women,  while  the  men  lit  fmoking  at 
their  eafe. 

Piiice^  an  iOand  on  the  co.^ft  of  Nova- 
Scotia,  S  of  Mirachi  Point. 

Peach  Jf,jnd,  is  fituated  in  I,ake  St=> 
Clair,  tJ.  Canada,  about  7  mites  higher 
up  than  Detroit,nearlyoppolTte  to  where 
the  Grand  Marais  communicates  witb 
that  lake.  It  contains  from  60  to  100 
acres  of  land,  fit  for  tillage,  the  other 
parrs  being;  meadow  and  marfii.  There 
is  little  wood  on  this  illand  ;  it  is  not  im' 
proved.  Srr.yil. 

Pdi-cham,  a  pofl:  toivn  ia  Caktloina  co. 
Vermont,  lies  VV  of  Barnet  on  ConneAi-' 
cut  River,      ll  contains   873  inlrabitants. 

Peaks  h/  Otter  arc  thought  to  be  the 
liigheft  part  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  or  perhaps 
any  other  in  N.  Americ-a.  Meafuring 
from  their  bafe,  the  height  is  4,000  feet. 

Pearly  a  I'mall  ifle  or  flifial  in  the  W.  In- 
dies, lat.  14  s?>  N»  a"d  long.  79  13 W. 

Peari,  an  iiland  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexicc^ 
towaidbi  the  mouth  of  the  Midifippi,  z: 
few  leagues  from  Dauphin  liland  ;  about 
6  or  7  miles  in  length,  and  4  in  breadth> 

Pearl  IJIands^  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
called  alfo  King  Iflands,  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  1 1  leagues  from  the  city  of  Pana- 
n>H.  They  ar'e  low,  and  produce  wood, 
water,  fjuit,  f<.vwls  and  hogs  ;•  alb^rd  good 
harbours  for  l]iips.  The  northernmoft  i» 
named Pachea;  the fouthernmoflSt. Paul's. 
N  lat.  7  10,  W.  long.  8  t  45. 

Pearl,  a  river  which  Hfts  in  the  Cliac- 
taw  country,  itr  the  W  part  of  the  Milli- 
fipjii Territory,  has  a  fonthcrly  courfe  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  navigable  uj)- 
wards  of  £50  miles.  It.s-prineipal  mouths 
are  near  the  entrance  at  the  E  end  of  the 
Regolcts,  through  which  is- the  pad'agc  to 
La  Ice  Ponchartrain.  It  has  7  feet  at  its 
enti-HUce,  and  deep  water  afterwards,  hx 
1769,  rliere  were  fomc  fettlcment3<;n  this 
river,  where  they  railed  tobacco,  indigo, 
cotton,  rice,  Indian  corn,  and  all  forts  of 
vegetabies.  The  land  ]Moduccs  a  varie- 
ty of  timber,  fit  for  pipe  and  hoglfiead 
ftavc^,  marts,  yard3,andall  kinds  of  plank 
for  fliip-building, 

P'jrns  Point,  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Ill- 
and of  Antigua,  and  the  W  fide  of  A'lui- 
kcto  Cove,     on  it  are  the  Five  lilands. 

Pichivallciy 


P  E  » 


PEL 


PeclxL-alkdy  nn  ancient   InJiau  village,  !j  fathoms -wiili in  and  lo  on  (he  tauter  e<Ige 
now  called  Fryeburgh,  60  mile*  from  the  i    of  it. 


fca,  in  M^ine 

Pddeey  Great,  a  rivcr  which  rifes  in  the 
Appalachian  Mountains,  in  N.  Carolina, 
where  it  is  called  Yadkin  River.  In  S. 
Carolina  it  takes  the  name  of  Pedec  ; 
and  receiving  the  waters  of  Lynche's 
Creek,  Little  Pedee,  and  Clack  River,  it 
joins  the  Wakkamaw  River,  near  George- 
town. Thcfe  united  ftrcams,  with  the 
acctllion  of  a  Imijll  creek  on  which 
Georgetown  ftapds,  form  Winyaw  Bay, 
which,  about  1%  miles  below,  communi-  | 
eatts  with  the  ocean.  It  is  navigable  for  • 
boats  of  60  or  70  tons  about  aoo  miles,      i 

Pcdtcy  Littley  rifes  in  feveral  branches  in  j 
N.  Carolina,  and  unites  with  the  (ireat  '■ 
Pedee  in  S.  Carolina  about  32  miles  from  ' 
the  ocean.  j 

Pedta  Sboah,  in  the  W.  Indies,  extend  \ 
from  lat.  Ttf  zo  to  30  N,  and  from  long,  j 
79  9  to  79  17  W. 

FcJras  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  is  7  I 
leagues  E  S  E  from  the  flrait  of  St.  John's  ; 
Illand,  and  75  from  Cape  North.  Alfo  a  ; 
point  on  the  fame  coaft  10  leagues  W  N  } 
W  of  Brandihi  Bay. 


Pedro  Point,  St.  on  the  con  ft  of  Chili,  is 
8  leagues  N  N  E  of  Point  Qudar,  and  14. 
S  S  W  of  Cape  Galera.  Poii  Si.  Ptdto  is 
contiguous  to  this  point. 

Pid.o  Pou,  St.  is  S  W  of  the  IHand  of 
St.  Cath(.rine,  and  on  the  S  E  coaft  o!  Bra- 
zil, at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Ea  Plata. 

Pedro  Pino,  St.  runs  W  to  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Its  mouth  i»  in  about  lat.  ai  N, 
and  long.  98  W. 

PciVi-Kill,  a  fmall  poft  town  in  W. 
Chcttcr  CO.  N  Vol  k,  on  tht  E  fide  of  Hud- 
fon  River,  and  N  hde  of  the  creek  of  it« 
name,  5  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  i^  zo 
miles  S  of  Filh-Kiil  and  50  N  of  N.  York. 
In  the  winter  of  1780,  Gen.  Wafliingtoii 
encamped  on  the  ftrong  grounds  in  this 
vicinity. 

Pt^i'/irrcr,  a  town  in  Grafton  co,  New- 
Hamplhirc,  containing  83  inhabitants. 

Pdgunnock,  a  N  W  blanch  of  Pallaik 
River,  in  N.  Jcrfey,  which  rifes  in  iSullci 
CO.  The  town  of  its  name  lies  between 
it  and  Rockaway,  another  branch  S  of 
this  river,  N  W  of  Morriftown. 

Pcjiffcot,  or  P'.j'jtjhea^  Falls,  in  Androf- 


Pi'drasi  a  river  on  the  N  W  fide  of  ji  coggin  River.  See  Kcnndeck  River,  &.c, 
Punta  des  Pedras,  at  the  fouthern  ex-  1}  Pfjrpfcut,  or  Ptgypfheag,  a  townlliip  in 
tremity  of  Amazon  River.  |    Cumberland  co.  Maine,  adjoining  Poland, 


Pedro^  St.  a  town  in  the  jurifdiolion  of 
I.ambcyque,  in  Peru,  confiHiiug  of  130 
hcnifcs,  moftly  inhabited  by  Indian  fanii- 
iies.  It  is  waflied  by  the  rivtr  Pacaf- 
jnayo,  which  renders  the  country  round 
very  fertile.  It  is  feated  near  the  S.  Sea, 
30  leagues  from  Eanibcy(|ue.  S  lat.  7 
a5  49,  Wlong.  78  20  15. 

Pedro,  St.  one  of  theMarquefas  Illands, 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  called  by  the  na- 
tives Onate%Hj ;  it  16  about  3  leagues  in  cir- 
cuit, and  lies  S  4-|  leagues  from  the  E 
end  of  La  Dominica.  S  lat.  9  58,  W 
long.  158  30. 

Pedro,  St,  a  town  of  New- Mexico,  on 
the  S  fide  of  Coral  River,   near  the  con- 
ipuence  of  that  river  with  the  Colorado. 
I'he  united  ffream  runs   a   Ihort   way  S,  I 
and  falls  into  the  N  part  of  the  Gulf  of  ; 
California. 


Durham,  &;c.  on  the  wefterly  bank  of 
Great  Amcrilkoggen  River,  about  thirty 
miles  N  of  Portland. 

Pcli  Point,  or  (i'oiiit  0tu  Pie  J  U.  Canada, 
now  called  the   South  Foreland,  extend- 
ing into  Lake  J.rie,  between  Landguard 
I  and  the  mouth  of  Detroit  River,  is  noted 
j  for  being  a  good  place  to  winter  cattle  at, 
i  on  account  of  tlie  lulbes  which  abound 

Smyi/j. 


5WJ 


there. 

Pclifon,  a  name  fometimcs  applied  to 
Clifuh  Ri'-jer  ;    which  fee. 

Pclba7a,  a  townlliip  of  Maflachufetts, 
Hamplliire  co.  \i  miles  N  E  of  North- 
ampton, and  8i  W  of  Bollon.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  174Z,  and  contains  1144 
inhabitants. 

Pclham.-d  pod  town  of  Rockingham  CO. 

N.  Himplliiic,  on  the  S  State  line,  which 

i|fcparates   it    from  Dracut  in  MiHachu- 


Pedro  Point,  Great,  is  on  the  S  coafl  of  :  felts.  It  lies  o)i  the  E  fide  of  Beaver 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica.  From  Portland  jj  River,  30  miles  S  W  of  Flxcter,  and  36 
Point  to  this  point  the  courfe  is  W  by  N  1 1  N   of  Bofton.      it    was   incorporated   in 


about  n  leagues.  About  S  -j:  F^,diitance 
J 4  leagues  from  Point  Pedto,  lies  the  ealt- 
crnmoll:  Pddro  Key. 

Pedro,  Little  Point,  o\\  the  S  coall  of  the 
fame  iiland,  lies  E  of  Great  Pedro  Point, 


within  a  il\oal  partly  dry  ;    but  lu*  i    j  itantti. 


1746,  and  eonrains  01,8  inhabitants. 

PelLam,  a  townlbip  of  Wc(l-Che(ter  CO, 
N.  York,  hounded  S  and  E.  !)y  the  Sound, 
N  including  New-(Jitv,  Hart,  and  Ap- 
plelby's  illandi.     It  contains  94 j  inhab- 


Pdi^a 


P  E  M 


PEN 


fslham  Toivvjhtp^  Lincoln  co.  U.  Cana- 
da, lies  to  the  S  of  LoiJ.th,  and  is  ^vatered 
by  the  Chippewa  or  Wei  land.       Smyth. 

Pelican.,  Great,  an  ifland  a  mile  long  and 
very  narrow,  E  of  the  Bay  of  Mobile  in 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  concave  lide  is 
towards  the  E  end  of  Dauphin  Ifland. 
Hawk's  Bay  lies  between  thefe  two  ifl- 
ands.  Little  Pelican  JJland  is  a  fmall  fand 
key,  S  E  of  Great  Pelican.  Its  E  curve 
meets  a  large  flioal  extending  from  Mo- 
bile Point. 

Pelican  I/lands^  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  are  Tituated  off  the  point 
fp  called,  W  of  Pgrt-Royal  harbour. 

Pelican,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  S  W  point 
of  the  ifland  of  Antigua. 

Pelican  Rochs  lie  in  Runaway  Bay,  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  Ifland  of  Antigua,  to- 
wards the  N  W.  They  lie  under  water, 
and  are  very  dangerous. 

Pelican  Shoalsy  fmall  patches  of  fand- 
banks  about  half  a  mile  from  the  fhore 
of  the  S  W  coaft  of  Barbadoes  Ifland. 

Pemaquid,  a  bay  oK  the  fea-coafl:  of  Lin- 
coln CO.  Maine.  It  lies  E  of  Sheepfcot 
River,  and  contains  a  number  of  iflands, 
many  of  which  are  under  cultivation. 

Pemaquid  Point,  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
above  bay,  lies  a  miles  E  of  Booth  Bay, 
and  about  4  leagues  N  W  of  Menhegan 
Ifland.     N  lat.  44  5,  W  long.  69. 

P,-mago7j,  a  fettlemcnt  of  Maine,  7  miles 
from  St.  Denis,  or  Denys  River,  and  14 
from  Moofe  Ifland. 

Pemfiroke,  a  ipwnfliip  of  MafTachufetts, 
Plymouth  co.  30  miles  S  by  E  of  Boflon. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1712,  and  coii^ains 
1943  inhabitants.  It  lies  18  iniles  from 
the  mouth  of  North  River  ;  and  veflels 
of  3C0  tons  have  been  built  here.  See 
2^orth  River. 

Pembroke,  the  Suncook  of  the  Ipdians,  a 
townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire,  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Merrimack  Riv- 
er, oppofite  Concord.  It  lies  upon  two 
fmall  rivers,  Bowcook  and  Suncook, 
vhich  run  a  S  by  W  courfe  into  Merri- 
mack River.  In  1728,  it  was  fettled  and 
called  LovciveWs  Toivn.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1759,  and  contains  982  inhabit- 
ants. 

PcmigcLvaJfet^  a  river  of  New-Hamp- 
fhire,  which  fprings  from  the  eaftern  pari 
of  the  ridj;e  called  the  Height  of  Land. 
Moofc-hillock  Mountain  gives  it  one 
branch  ;  another  comes  from  the  S  \V 
txtx-emity  of  the  White  Mountains,  and 
ii.  third  comes  from  the  townflaip  of  Fran- 
ponia.     Us  length  ifi  about  50  miles  ;  its 


courfe  generally  S,  aqd  it  receives  froa, 
both  fides  a  number  of  ftreams.  Winipi- 
feogee  River  comes  from  the  lake  of  that 
name,  and  unites  its  waters  with  the 
Pemigewaflet  at  the  lower  end  of  San- 
borntown.  From  thia  junt^^ion,  the  con- 
fluent ftream  bears  the  name  of  Merri- 
mack, to  the  fea.     See  Metrimoik. 

Ptv.dleton,  a  ctjimty  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  W  by  Randolph,  and  S  by  Rock- 
ingham counties  ;  watered  by  the  S 
branch  of  Patowmack.  It  contain?  3,654 
free  inhabitants,  and  124  flave§.  Piitf 
town,  Frankford. 

Pendleton,  a  difl:ri(3:  of  S.  Carolina,  on 
Ileowee  and  Savannah  Rivers.  It  con- 
tains 20,050  inhabitants,  of  whom  2,204 
are  flaves.  The  court  houfe  in  this  dif- 
trid:,  where  is  a  pod  office,  is  33  mile? 
N  N  E  of  Franklin  court  houfe  in  Geor- 
gia, and  5a  W  of  Cambridge. 

Pendleton^  a  county  of  Kentucky,  con-^ 
taining  1,573  people,  of  whom  239  arc 
flaves.    At  the  court  houfe  is  a  port  office. 

Penguin,  an  ifland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean^ 
about  10  miles  N  E  of  the  coaft  of  New- 
foundland. It  has  this  name  from  the 
multitude  of  birds  of  that  name  which 
frequent  it.     N  lat.  50  5,  W  long.  50  30, 

There  is  alfo  an  ifland  of  the  fame  name^ 
on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia,  in  the  S.  At- 
lantic Ocean,  3  leagues  S  E  of  Port  Dt- 
fire.  It  is  an  uninhabited  rock,  high  at 
the  ends  and  low  in  the  middle,  and  \% 
the  largefl  and  outermofi  of  a  number  of 
fmall  iiles  or  rocks,  and  is  about  a  muf- 
ket-lbot  from  the  main  land.  It  abound^ 
in  an  extraordinary  manner,  with  pen- 
guins and  feals.  It  is  three- fourths  of  a 
mile  in  length,  and  half  a  mile  in  breadtl^ 
from  E  to  W. 

Pintis  Rocks,  two  cluflcrs  of  iflands  in 
the  broadefi  and  S  W  part  of  Hiulfon's 
Bay,  N.  America  ;  diflinguiflicd  by  the 
names  of  E.  and  W.  Penn's. 

Pennington,  or  Pennytoivn ,  a  pleafant  and 
flourifliing  village  in  Hunterdon  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  9  miles  W  of  Printtt'ui,  and  5(8 
N  E  by  N  of  Philadelphia,  h  contains  a 
church  for  public  woriLip,  and  about  40 
houfes.     Here  is  a  poft  olfice. 

Penn,F<rt,  ftauds  at  the  mouth  of  a 
fmall  orcek,  on  tlie  W  fide  of  DcUw.jre 
River,  in  Northampu.u  co.  about  2r  miie* 
N  of  ilie  town  of  Eafton,  and  near  70  N  of 
Philadelphia.  N  lar.  40  59,  W  long.  1  ^ 
13.  The  road  from  Philadelphia  to  Tio- 
ga Point,  pafiits  throBgh  the  opening  iii 
the  Blue  Mountains,  called  Wind  Gap^ 
about  9  aiilce  iJ  W  of  this  fcxt. 


FEN 


r  E  N 


Fer^ii,  Port,  in  New-Caftle  co.  Delaware, 
j«  vn  the  W  bank  of  Delaware  jfliver,  op- 
poiite  to  Reedy  Iflaud. 

Penns,  a  townrtiip  of  Pennfylvania,  on 
Siifqiiehannah  River,  having  2309  inhab, 

Pfnnjborcyghy  IVrJI,  in  Cumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania.  In  this  town  is  a  remark- 
able iilue  of  water  from  a  ridge  of  lime- 
ftone,  called  "  The  Big  Spring."  Such  a 
<]uatuity  of  water  flows  from  the  foun- 
tain as  to  carry  a  mill  built  only  thirty 
rods  from  the  fource.  Five  other  mills 
arc  below  on  the  fame  ftream,  within  4 
mites.  Below  tiie  lower  mill  the  waters 
empty  through  Conidogwiunet  Creek  in- 
to the  Snfquehannah. 

Pctipjbotough^  Eafl,  a  townfliip  in  the 
fame  county. 

Pennjhury,  a  fmali  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia, in  Buck's  co.  on  a  fmall  creek  of 
Delaware  River.  It  was  a  iiianor  which 
the  celebrated  Mr.  Penn  referved  for 
himfelf.  Here  he  built  a  houfe,  and 
planted  gardens  and  orchards ;  which, 
with  many  additional  buildings  and  im- 
provements, ftill  continue. 

Penns  Neck,  in  Salem  CO.  New-Jerfcy, 
lies  on  Old  Man's  Creek,  which  is  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Salem  and 
Gloucefter  counties.  It  is  12  miles  N  E 
by  N  of  S.ilem,  3^  miles  from  the  Dela- 
ware, and  5  below  Swedefborough. 

Finns  Neek,  the  name  of  a  range  of 
farms  of  e:tcellent  foil,  fituated  about  a 
mile  and  a  half  S  E  of  Princeton  in  N. 
Jerfev,  on  a  point  of  land  formed  by 
Mlllftone  River  and  Stony  Brook.  It 
derived  its  name  from  the  celebrate4  Icg- 
ifiator,  William  Penn,  who  formerly  own- 
ed this  tract. 

Pennfylvanh,  one  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  is  fuuated  between  39  43  and 
42  N  lat.  and  between  74  48  and  80  8  W 
long.;  being  in  length  about  28S  miles, 
and  in  breadth  156.  It  is  bounded  E  by 
Delaware  River,  which  feparates  it  from 
New  Jerfey ;  N  by  New  York  and  Lake 
Erie,  where  there  is  a  good  port;  \V  by 
the  State  of  Ohio,  and  a  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  S  by  a  part  of  Virginia,  Mary- 
land, and  Delaware.  The  State,  (ex- 
cept the  purchafe  mentioned  below) 
lies  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram.  The 
jiorthweft  corner  of  this  State,  containing 
about  ao2.ooo  acres,  was  purchafed  of 
Congrefs  by  this  State.  Pennfylvania 
contains  44,900  fquare  miles,  and  is  di- 
vided into  2i5  counties,  viz.  Philadelphia, 
Chcfler,  Delaware,  Bucks,  Montgomery, 
Berks,  Lancafter,  Dauphin,  Northampton, 


Lu7,ernc,  York,  Cumberland,  Northum» 
berland,  Franklin,  Bedford,  Huntingdon, 
Mifflin,  Weftmoreland,  Somerfet,  Fayette, 
Walliington.AlieghanVjl^ycoming,  Green, 
Wayne,  Adams,  Centre,  Beaver,  Bntler, 
Mercer,  Crawford,  Erie,  Warren,  Venan- 
go, and  Armftroiig,  Thefe  are  fubdivid-* 
ed  into  townfliips,  not  by  any  fpecial  law 
of  the  legillaturC)  but  on  application  of  <| 
fufficient  number  of  the  citizens,  in  any 
neighbourhood,  10  the  judges  of  the  court 
of  common  pleas  and  general  quarter  i<ii-- 
fions  of  the  county.  In  each  townfliip 
the  citizens  have  the  priv-iicge  of  aiTem- 
bling  once  a  year,  to  choofe  two  overfte rs 
of  the  poor,  two  alTeffors,  a  collet^or  of 
taxes,  two  fupervifors  of  the  roads,  and  a/ 
conftable.  T^e  number  of  inhabitants, 
according  to  the  cenlus  of  17^0,  was 
434i373>  including  3,737  flaves;  in  1800, 
602,545,  including  1,706  flaves.  I'herc 
are  fix  confiderahle  ri^/ers,  which,  with 
their  numerous  branches,  peninfulate  the 
whole  State,  viz.  the  Delawai-e,  Schuyl- 
kill, Sufquehannah,  Youghiogany,  Mo- 
nongahela,  Alleghany,  and  Juniatta.  The 
bay  and  river  Delaware  are  navigable  up 
to  the  Great  or  Lower  Falls  at  Trenton, 
155  miles  from  the  fea,  and  a  iliip  of  the 
line  can  afcend  to  PlALadelpkiu,  the  me- 
tropolis, Jj  7,0  miles  from  the  fea,  by  the 
lliip  channel  of  the  Delaware.  A  ccnlid- 
emble  part  of  the  Sure  may  be  called 
mountamous ;  particularly  the  counties 
of  Bedford,  Huntingdon,  Cumhcrlind, 
p^rt  i)f  Franklin,  Dauphin,  and  part  of 
Buck's  and  Northamptoii,  through  which 
pafs,  under  various  names,  the  numerous 
ridges  and  fpurs  which  coUetSlively  foin\ 
the  Great  Range  of  Allrghany  Mountains. 
I'he  principal  ridges  here  are  the  Kitta- 
tinny,  or  Blue  Mountains,  which  pafs  N 
t>f  Nazareth,  in  Nortlumipton  co.  and  pur- 
lue  a  S  W  courfe,  acrnfs  the  Lehigh, 
through  Dauphin  co.  iuft  above  Harrlf- 
burg,  thence  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Sufque- 
hannah, through  Cumber'.and  and  Frank- 
lin counties.  Back  of  thefe,  and  nearly 
parallel  with  them,  are  Peter's,  Tufcaro- 
ra,  and  Nefcopeck  Mountains,  on  the  E 
lide  of  the  Sufquehannah  ;  and  on  tije  W 
Shareman's  Hills,  Sideling  Hills,  Ragged, 
Great  Warriors,  Evits  and  Wills  Moun- 
tains ;  then  the  Great  Alleghany  Ridge  ; 
W  of  this  are  the  Chefnut  Ridges.  Be- 
tween juniatta  and  the  W  branch  of  the 
Sufquehannah  are  Jack's,  TuiTy's,  Nitting, 
and  Bald  Eagle  Mountains.  The  vales 
between  thefe  mountains  are  generally  of 
a  rich,  black  foil,  fuited  to  the  various 

kinds 


PEN 


f  E  N 


kindsof  grain  andgrafs.  Some  of  the  moun- 
tains will  admit  cultivation  almofl  to  their 
tops.  The  other  parts  of  the  State  arc 
generally  level,  or  agreeably  variegated 
with  hills  and  vallits.  The  foil  of  Penn- 
fylvania  is  of  v^arious  kinds ;  in  fome 
parts  it  is  barren,  but  a  great  proportion 
of  the  State  is  good  land  ;  and  no  incon- 
siderable part  of  it  is  very  good.  The 
richeft  tra(5l  that  it  is  fettled,  is  Lancaftcr 
«o.  and  the  valley  through  Cumberland, 
York  and  Franklin.  The  richefk  that  is 
unfcttlcd,  is  between  Alleghany  River 
and  Lake  Eric,  in  the  northwefl:  part  of 
the  State,  and  in  the  country  on  the  heads 
of  the  eaflern  branches  of  the  Alleghany, 
Pennfylvania  includes  the  greater  part  of 
the   kinds  of  trees,  flirubs,  and   plants, 


!  matic  tafttf,  and  are  thought  to  have  equal 

!  medicinal  virtue   to    the  I'mall  Virginia 

!  luake-root.      The  fambucus  canadenjit,  or 

I  red-berried  elder,  is  found  here.     Among 

j  the  Indians  it  is  called  fevcr-bufh  ;  and  a 

i  decortion  of  its  wood  and  buds  is  highly 

j  eflecmed  by  them.     It  would  be  endlefs 

to  defcribe  the  beautiful  flowering flirubs, 

and  ufeful  as  alfo  ornamental  plants  ia 

this  State.     Grapes   of  feveral   forts  are 

common  :  the  late  kind,  when  mellowed 

by  froft,  make,  with  the  addition  offugar, 

good   wine.      The  apples,  pears,  plums, 

and  peaches  are  good.     At  prefent,  the 

cultivation  of  the  vine  is  much  in  vogue 

in  Pennfylvania,  and  good  wine  has  been 

already  made.     Iron  ore  abounds  in  tliis 

State :  copper,  lead,  and  allum  appear  in 


that  grow  within  the  U.  States.     Oaks,  of    |  fome  places.     Limefione   is   comi 


feveral  fpecies,  form  the  bulk  of  the 
woods.  Hickory  and  walnut  make  a 
greater  proportion  than  in  the  northern 
States.  Saitafras,  mulberry,  tulip  tree, 
and  cedar,  are  common  and  grow  to  per- 


!  alfo  feveral  kinds  of  marble.  In  the  mid- 
dle and  weftern  country  is  abundance  of 
coal.  At  the  head  of  the  weftern  branch 
of  Sufquehaimah  is  an  extenfive  bed, 
which  ftretches  over  the  country  fouth-» 


fe<5Hon.     The  maonolia  vlauca,  or  fwamp    1  weftvvardly,  fo  as  tobefound  in  the  grcat- 


faflafras,  is  found  in  low  grounds ;  the 
twigs  and  roots  are  ufed  both  in  bath  : 
and  decodllou  for  removing  the  rheu- 
niatlfm.  The  magnolia  acuminata^  or  cu-  j 
cumber  tree,  grows  very  tall  about  the  i 
weflern  mountains.  The  magnnlia  tripdo-  i 
/if,  or  umbrella  tree,  is  fo'jnd  in  fome  ; 
parts  1 6  or  20  feet  high.  The  bark  is  \ 
fmooth,  and  the  leaves  fometimes  exceed  ! 
iz  or  15  inches  in  length,  and  5  or  6  in  i 
breadth,  terminating  in  a  point  at  each  I 
extremity.  The  leaves  are  placed  at  the  1 
ends  of  the  branches,  in  a  circular  form,  j 
refembling  an  umbrella  ;  hence  the  nan\e.  j 
The  bark  of  the  tulip  tree  is  efteemcd  a  j, 
tolerable  fubfUtute  for  the  Peruvian  bark ;  j ' 
hut  the  cornus  florida^  or  dogwood,  which  1 1 
is  frequent  in  the  State,  is  preferred.  Be-  i ', 
fjdesmany  othervaluablctrees  and  ihrubs,  ;! 
are  the  feveral  fpecies  of  maple  :  of  thcfe  i  I 
the  fcarlet  flowered  and  fugar  maple  are  ij 
the  mofl:  ufeful ;  they  are  common  in  the  jj 
northern  and  weflern  parts  of  the  State,  jj 
and  are  larger  than  the  other  fpecies,!! 
growing  from  50  to  60  feet  high,  and  ,| 
yield  abundance  of  fap  for  the  making  of  jj 
fugar.  The  afli-ltavcd  tooth-ach  tree,  is  ij 
found  here  and  in  Maryland.  The  bark  |j 
and  capfales  have  an  acrid  tafbe,  and  are  i| 
'ifcd  in  relieving  the  tooth-ach,  whence  ' 
it  has  got  its  name.  The  llirubby  bith-  \ 
wort  grows  near  Fort  Pitt.  It  thrives  in  \ 
the  fliade,  in  a  rich  foil ;  grows  about  30  ; 
Icet  high,  and  fends  off  many  twining  \ 
kraiich«s.     The  roots  have  a  lively  aro-  j 


eft  plenty  about  Pittfburg.  There  ar<; 
alfo  confiderable  bodies  on  the  head  wa- 
ters of  the  Schuylkill  and  Lehigh ;  and 
at  Wyoming  there  is  a  bed  open,  which, 
gives  very  intenfe  heat.  Ufeful  quadru- 
peds, in  the  new  diftticls,  arc  deer,  in 
great  numbers,  beavers,  otters,  racoons, 
and  martins.  Buffaloes  rarely  crofs  the 
Ohio,  and  elks  feldom  advance  from  the 
N.  Panthers,  wild  cats,  bears,  foxes  and 
wolves  are  not  rare ;  the  lafl:  do  moft 
mifchief,  efpecially  in  the  winter ;  but 
the  fur  and  ikins  of  all  are  valuable.  Iri 
the  thick  fettlements,  rabbits  and  fquir- 
rels  arc  frequent ;  alfo  minks  and  mufk- 
rats  in  marllies ;  partridges  are  yet  nu- 
merous,though  the  late  hard  winters  have 
defrroyed  many,  and  wild  turkies  in  the 
new  fettlements;  pheafants  and  groufe 
arc  beconie  fcarce ;  pigeons,  ducks  and 
wild  gecfe  are  generally  found  in  plenty 
in  their  projjer  fcafons.  Ilere  are  a  great, 
number  of  fmging  birds,  as  many  migrate 
to  this  State  from  N  and  8  in  certain 
feafcns.  Trouts  are  common  in  the  riv-. 
ulets,  in  length  feldom  above  a  foot.  la 
the  eaftern  rivers,  the  principal  iilli  arc 
rock  and  flieep*s  head,  with  fhad  and 
herring,  which,  in  the  fpring,  come  up. 
from  the  fea  in  great  ihoals.  'I'hcfe  are 
not  found  in  the  wcflern  waters,  which 
arc  faid  to  have  their  own  valuable  kinds, 
efpecially  a  fpecies  of  cat-filli,  weighing 
from  50  to  100  pounds;  yellow  peicJt 
aad  pike  are  alfo  ia  them  much  larger 

and 


?  E  N 


?  E  N 


hnd  more  Bumerwis.  The  S  fide  of 'Pean- 
fylvania  is  the  beft  fettled  throughout, 
owing  entirely  to  the  circumOrance  of  the 
defter n  road  having  been  run  by  the  ar- 
mies, prior  to  1762,  through  the  towns  of 
I^ancafter,  Carlille  and  Bedford,  and 
thence  to  Pittfburg.  For  the  purpofc  of 
turning  the  tide  of  fettlers  from  this  old 
channel  into  tlie  unftttled  parts  of  the 
State,  the  government  and  landed  intereft 
•f  Pennfylvania  have  been,  and  are  fhill, 
bufy  in  cutting  convenient  roads.  A 
road  is  cut  from  the  mouth  of  the  Tioga, 
fouthward  to  the  mouth  of  lioyal,  which 
empties  into  the  W  branch  of  Sufquehan- 
nah.  Another  road  is  cut  from  Hunting- 
don town,  en  Frank's  Town  branch  of  Ju- 
niatta,  W  30  miles  to  Coneniagh,  a  navi- 
gable branch  of  the  Alleghany.  A  turn- 
pike road  has  been  lately  completed  from 
Philadelphia  to  Lancafter,which  (liortens 
the  diftancc  between  thefe  places  8  miles  ; 
and  another  is  made  between  Philadel- 
phia and  Oermantown.  From  Swetara 
to  the  Tulpehoken  branch  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill, a  canal  and  lock  navigation  is  un- 
dertaken, and  the  works  commenced,  by 
an  incorporated  company,  whofe  capital 
is  400,000  dollars.  This  leads  through 
the  Schuylkill  to  Philadelphia.  When 
this  fliall  be  elTectcd,  which  it  is  eipctfled 
will  be  in  a  few  years,  a  paflage  will  be 
open  to  Philadelphia  from  the  Juniatta, 
the  Tioga,  and  the  E  and  W  branches  of 
the  vSufquehannah,  which  water  at  lead 
15,000,000  of  acres.  From  this  junclion, 
Ihe  general  courfe  of  the  Sufquehannah 
is  about  S  £,  until  it  falls  into  the  head 
cf  Chcfapeak  Bay  at  Havre  de  Grace. 
See  T/eo-a  River.  On  the  completion  of 
the  prelent  plansj  the  State  will  be  as 
«onvcniently  interfered  by  roads  as  ajiy 
•ther  of  its  fize  in  the  Union,  which  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  fettlemeut  of  its  new 
lands.  A  (light  view  of  the  map  <if  Penn- 
fylvania will  bcfl  Oiew  how  finely  it  is  lit- 
uatcd  for  inland  navigation.  Nature  has 
^one  fo  much  for  inland  land  carriage, 
that  although  Philadelphia  and  Lake  Erie 
are  diflnnt  from  each  other  above  30c 
miles,  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  riv- 
ers of  the  State  may  be  fo  improved,  as  to 
reduce  the  land  carriage  between  them 
Kinc  tenths.  In  the  fame  way  the  nav- 
jgatioii  to  Pittiljurg,  after  due  improve- 
ment,may  be  ufed  iaflread  of  land  carriage 
for  the  whole  di (lance  except  23  miles. 
By  thefe  route*  it  is  clear,  that  a  large 
proportion  of  the  foreign  articles  ufed  on 
the  wcfkrn  >*^ater*  mult  be  traufported. 


and  their  furs,  fkins,  glnfeng,  hemp,  ffaji, 
pot  afh,  and  other  commodities  brought 
to  Philadelphia.  Pennfylvania  has  the 
various  kinds  of  grain,  &c.  common 
to  the  neighbouring  States,  but  wheat 
io  the  principal  grain  of  very  gen- 
eral cultivation.  Ihe  manufadlures  of 
this  State  are  of  numerous  kinds.  Iroil 
works  are  of  long  flanding,  and  their  pro- 
du«lls  increafe  in  quantity,  and  improve 
in  quality.  The  furnaces,  feveral  year* 
ago,  were  16,  and  the  forges  37.  There 
were  18  rolling  and  flitting  mills,  which 
cut  and  rolled  ijoo  tons  a  year.  The 
forges,  if  properly  conducled,  manufac- 
ture each  170  tons  of  bar  iron  a  year — 
total  6,290  tons.  Befides  pigs  cafl  at  the 
furnaces,  there  are  pots,  kettcls,  pan?, 
ovens,  ladles,  tongs,  lliovels,  andirons, 
plough-irons,  fpades,  hoes,  fhcet-iron, 
hoops  ;  irori  and  fteel  work  for  pleafurc 
and  working  carriages;  nails,  bolts,  fpikcs; 
various  iron-work  for  ihips,  mills  and 
buildings,  caJinon  balls,  and  fome  mufk- 
ets  ;  fcythes,  ficklcs,  axes,  drawing-knives, 
fome  faws  and  platies,  and  other  tools* 
The  other  extenlivemanufatftures  are  nu- 
merous, viz.  thofe  of  leather,  Ikins,  and 
fur,  wood,  paper,  gunpowder,  bricks, 
earthen  ware,  copper,  lead,  tin  wares^ 
pewterj  cotton,  fUgar,  molafTes,  tobacco, 
&c.  &c.  There  are  upwards  of  5a  paper 
mills  in  the  State ;  and  their  annual  pro- 
duct is  computed  at  45,000  dolls.  Since 
the  year  1770,  25  gunpowder  mills  have 
been  eretfted.  There  are  about  300,000 
wool  and  fur  hats  manufacSlu red  annually 
in  the  State  ;  nearly  one  half  of  which  are 
of  fur.  hi  the  manufacture  of  iron,  paper  j 
pleafure  carriages,  and  cabinet  work, 
Pennfylvania  exceeds  not  t»nly  New  York^ 
but  all  her  filler  States.  Aluch  cotton  is 
worked  up  in  families;  and  imported 
linen  is  now  printed,  in  an  incrcaliiig  dc* 
gree.  The  manufatftures  pf  Pennfylva-» 
uia  have  greatly  increafed  wiiliin  a  few 
years,  as  well  bv  mafler  wt.rkmrn  and 
iourncvmen  froni  abroad,  as  by  the  fkill 
and  indilftry  of  the  natives.  Some  per- 
fons  have  begun  to  pref;-;  oil  from  hickory 
nuts.  The  Mellrs.  Marihalls  of  Phila- 
delphia, have  commenced  the  making  of 
Glauber  fait,  fil  ammoniac,  and  volatile 
falts;  they  already  fupply  the  whole  \.U 
nion  with  the  tirft  article,  aud  export  R 
part  of  the  others.  A  mill  of  Ruuifay'is 
(the  improvement  01  Barker's)  near  that 
citv.  grinds,  by  water,  fix)ur,  chocolate, 
fnUif,  hair-powder,  and  muftard;  iheila 
chocolate  nuts ;  preflcs  and  cut*  tobacco 

f»r 


V  -Rn 


t*  E  N 


for   chewing  and  fmoaking;    an<l  bolta 
jneal.     The  watcr-vorks  near  the  falls  of 
Trenton,  which  grind  grain,  roll  and  ilit 
iron,  and  pound  plaifter  of  Paris,  exhibit 
great    mechanifm.     Card   manufadlories 
arc  lately  let  up.     The   hand  machines 
for   carding    and    fj.inning    cotton  have 
been  introduced  and  improved.   Sir  Rich- 
ard Arkwright's  famous  water  mill  for 
fpinning  cotton  yarn  has  been  obtained  ; 
alio  the  machinery  to  fliver,  rove,  and 
fpin  flax  and  hemp   into  thread,  fit   for 
linen  ot  thirty  cuts  to  the  pound  ;  which 
•will  alio  ferve  tc.r  the  roving  and  fpinning 
combed  wool  into  worfled  yarn.     Screws 
for  paper  mills  are   now  cut  from  fohd 
caft  iron.     Lanterns   for  light  houfes  are 
made  by  Mr,  Wheeler  of  Philadelphia  ; 
■who  alfo  executes  work  for  fugar  mills 
in  the  Weft;  Indies:  durrng  the  war  he 
made  cannon  from  wrought  iron.     The 
commerce  cff  Pennfylvania  wi»h  the  eaft:- 
crn  and  fouthcrn  States,  is  in  great  part, 
an  exchange  of  ftaple  commodities.  Wlieat 
llour  and  bar  iron  arc  exported  to  New- 
England  for  whale  oil  and  bone,  fpern=ia- 
ceti,  feal  ikins,  mackefc!,  cod   fifli   and 
falmon,   Rhode  Ifland  arrd    Connecticut 
cheefe  ;  to  Soutli  Carolina  and  Georgia 
fcr  live  oak,  cedar,  cotton,  rice,  and  indi- 
go; to  North  Carolina  for  tar,  pitch,  tur- 
pentine, and  lumber.     Much  of  the  trade 
■with  the  fouthern  States  ariles  from  the 
fuperiority  of  Pennfylvania  in  manufadt- 
xjres  and  commerce.     Great  quantities  of 
deer  fkins,  with  thofe  of  otters,  racoons, 
foxes,  mufk  rats,  and  beavers,  are  import- 
ed from  the  back  country.    Virginia  fends 
a  great  deal  of  ivheat,  and  unmanufac- 
tured tobacco.     In   return,  llie  receives 
many    articles    of    clothing,     furniture, 
farming  utenfiis,  equipage;  fome  Eaft  In- 
dia and  European  goods  ;  and  even  Weft 
India  produce ;  of  all  thefe,  more  or  Jcfs, 
according  to  the  local  improvement  and 
lituation.     Hats,  faddlery,  flioes,  windfor 
chairs,  carriages,  hewn  ft:oaes,  iron  cart- 
ings for  domeftic  ufe,  wheel  tire,  fpades, 
hoes,  axes,  paper,  books,  tin   ware,  and 
brufnes,  conftitute  a  great  proportion  of 
the  exports  to  the  fouthward.      Nume- 
rous droves  of  lean  cattle  come  from  the 
■'vcftern  parts  of  thefe  States,  where  they 
have    a  wide  range,  but  want  meadow. 
Virginia  fends  coal,  fome  lead,  and  peach 
brandy.     This    liquor  alfo    comes   from 
Maryland  ;    but  frti-.n  both  in  quantity 
very  fmall,  conlidering  its  value,  and  the 
facility  of  raifing  the  fruit.     The  eafl:ern 
fliorc  of  Maryland  feuds  to  Philadelphia 


conGd*rai)Ie  quantities  of  wheat,  and  In- 
dian corn  :  from  the  weftern   comes  iht 
kite-foot  tobacco.     The  trade  with  New 
York  depends  chiefly  on  the  fiuAuatioii 
of   the  market.     American   and  foreign 
goods,  of  the  fame  kinds,  ar*  carried  be- 
tween the  two  capital  cities,  as  there  pri- 
ces fall  and  rife.     Albany  peas  and  craw 
fifh  are,  however,-  articles  in  regular  de- 
mand  from  New  York.     Great   part  o^ 
New  Jericy  and  Delaware  State  have,  as 
neighbours,  much  intercourfe  with  Penn- 
fylvania.    The  firft;  fupports  in  a  great 
meafure  the  market  of  Philadelphia,  fur- 
niilies  rye  meal,  much  Indian  corn  and 
lumber,   and   fome   iron    blooniery  :   the 
other  fends  great  quantities  of  excellent 
flour  from  the  mills  of  Brandywine,  lum- 
ber from  the  diilriift  on  the  bay,  and  fat 
cattle  from  the  paftures   adjoining  Dela- 
ware. ^  Many  of  thefe,  and  of  thofe  fat- 
tened in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia,  arc 
brought  from  the  S  ;  and  alfo   from   thd 
banks  of  Hudfon  and  Connecticut  Riv- 
ers, as  far  as  Vermont  and  Mafiachufetts, 
The  commerce  of  Pennfylvania,  in   the 
W,  is  by  the  Ohio  with  Louifiana,  and  by 
the   lakes   with   the   Britlfli    dominions ; 
and  both  ways  with   the   Indian  tribes. 
At  prefent  nearly  the  whole  foreign  com- 
merce is  carried  on  by  the  port  of  Phila- 
delphia.    Its  diftance  from  the  fea,  antJ 
its  clofing  by  ice  in   the  winter,  are  dif- 
advantages ;  but  the  lirft  is  leiTened  by- 
improved  pilotage :  the  other  by  the  con- 
ftrudtion  of  the  piers  below,  and  by  the 
occafional  thaws  which  permit  veflcls  to' 
clear  their  way  during  the   winter.     In' 
common  feafons  the  navigation  is  obftrudl- 
ed  fix  weeks ;  a  fliorter  period  is  as  prob- 
able as  a   longer  j  though  in  fome  hard 
winters,  loads  of  wood  have   palTed  the' 
river,  near  the  city,  in  the  firft  days  of 
March.     The   amount   of  eif ports   from' 
this  State,  in  i8oi,was  i'2,677475  dolls. 
The    inhabitants  are  principally  the  dc- 
fcendants  of  Engllfli,  Irifli  and  Germans, 
with  fome  Scotch,  Welch,  S-vvedcs,  and  a' 
few  Dutch.     There  are  many  of  the  Irilh 
and  Germans  who  emigrated  when  young 
or  middle  aged.     The  Friends  and  Epif- 
copalians  are   chiefly  of  Engiifli  extrac- 
tion, and  compofe  about  one  third  of  the 
inhabitants.     They  live  chiefly  in  the  me- 
tropolis, and  in  the  counties  of  Chefter, 
Philadelphia,   Bucks    and    Montgomery. 
The  Irifli  are  moftlyPrelbyterians,but  fome 
are   Roman    Catholics :    their    anccftors 
came  from  the  N  of  Ireland,  which  was 
Utterly  fettled  from  Scotland  ;  hcucc  they 

have 


!•£  jj 


i-  £  H 


Jiave  been  fometimes  called  Scotch  IriHi, 
to  denote  their  double  dcfccnt.  They  in- 
habit the  wcfteru  and  frontier  counties, 
and  are  numerous.  The  Germans  com- 
pofe  about  oney^uarter  of  theinhal)itants 
of  Pennfylv.inia.  They  are  moft  nume- 
rous in  the  N  parts  of  the  mctropoHs,  and 
the  counties  of  Philadelphia,  Montgom- 
ery, Buclcs,  Dauphin,  Lanrafter,  Yotk, 
and  Northampton  ;  moftly  in  the  four 
laft,  and  are  fpreading  in  other  parts 
They  conGfl:  of  Lutherans  (who  are  the 
moft  numerous  fccfb)  Calvinifts  or  Reform- 
ed Church,  Moravians,  Romsn  Cathohc?, 
Mennorufis,  Tunkers,  and  Zwingfdters, 
who  area  fpecies  of  Quakers.  Thefe 
are  all  diftlnguifhed  for  their  temperance, 
induftry,  and  economy.  The  Baptifls.  ex- 
cept the  Mennonifts  and  Tuuker  Baptifts,  [ 
wlio  are  Germans,  are  chiefly  defcended 
of  emigrajits  from  Wales,  and  are  not  nu- 
merous. A  proportionate  afTeniblagc  of 
the  national  prejudices,  the  manners,  cuf- 
toms,  religions  and  political  featiments  of 
all  thefe,  will  form  the  Pennfylvanian 
characTttr.  Tlie  number  of  congregations 
in  the  State,  in  about  the  year  i/v^o  vvas, 
Prefbyterians,  86,  German  Calvinifts,  84, 
German  Lutherans,  84,  Friends  or  Qua- 
kers, 54,  Epifcopalians,  26,  Baptifl:s,  15, 
Roman  Catholics,  11,  Scotch  Preifcytcri' 
ans,  8,  Moravians,  8,  Free  Quakers,  i, 
Univerfalifts,  i,  Covenanters,  1,  Metho- 
^ifts,  3  or  4>  and  a  Jewiili  Synagogue; 
the  whole  amounting  to  38}.  The  lite- 
i»iry,  humane,  and  other  ufeful  focic'tics, 
arc  numerous  in  Pennfylvania.  There 
is  an  univerfity  at  Philadelphia,  and  col- 
leges at  Carlifle,  Lancafter,  and  Wafliing- 
ton.  The  Epifcopalians  have  an  acad&my 
at  Yorktown  in  York  c©.  There  are  al- 
fo  academies  at  Germantown,at  Pittfburg, 
at  Wafliington,  at  Allen's  Town,  and  oth- 
er places  ;  thefe  arc  endowed  by  dcua- 
tions  from  the  legillature,  and  by  libernl 
contributions  of  individuals.  I'he  legif- 
lature  have  alfo  referred  60,000  acres  of 
tlie  public  lands  for  public  fchools.  The 
United  Brethren,  of  Moravians,  have 
academies  at  Bethlehem  and  Nazareth  on 
the  bcft  eftabiiilunent  of  any  fchooh  per- 
haps in  America.  Befides  Philadelphia, 
the  metropolis,  the  chief  towns  are,  Lan- 
cafter, the  largeft  inland  town  oi"  the  U. 
States,  Carlifle,  Pirtfburg.,  Sunbury,  Beth- 
lehem, Reading,  Yorktown,  Harriiburg, 
Wafliington,  &c.  This  State  was  fettled 
by  the  celebrated  William  Pcnn,  iion  of 
the  famous  Admiral  Pcnn,  in  16S2.  By 
■iLc  favouralile  terms  which  Mr.  Petin  of- 
VuL.  I.  Hah 


fcred  to  the  fettlcrs,  and  an  unlimited  toU 
eration  of  all  religious  denominations,  the 
population  of  t'lC  province  wis  extremely 
rapid.  The  proprietaries,  after  the  rev- 
olution, accepted  of  ;^x 30,000  from  the 
leg';flature,in  lieu  of  all  quit  rtnts.  They, 
hov/ever,  flill  polTefs  in  Pennfylvania  ma- 
ny large  tradls  of  excellent  land.  The 
prtfent  conftitution  of  thk>  State  v^as  rat- 
ified June  "I'ith,  1792.  A  convention, ro 
amend  the  conflitution,  may  be  called 
where  a  majority  of  the  people  lliall  fig- 
nify  their  wifli  for  it.  The  cxpcnfe  of 
the  government  of  this  State  amounts  to 
;^32,z8o  annu:illy.  See  Phila^/cUbv,  for 
an  account  of  the  exports  and  imports  of 
the  State,  &c. 

Pennytoxvn.      See  Jrcntivigtoft. 

i'er.ohfcot^  a  bay  on  the  coaft;  of  Hancock 
CO.  Maine,  and  called  Noromhega  by  the 
firO:  difcoverer,  is  about  i6  leagues  v/;de 
from  I^afkeag  Point  and  Burnt,  Coat  Hl- 
and,  on  the  caPc  to  the  point  on  wli^'ch 
Thomaftown  ftands,  on  the  Wii(ie;of  the 
bay.  The  chief  ifl.,nds  ic  cnclofes.aVc 
Fox,  Haut,  Long^  and  Deer  lilauds;  be- 
fides  a  number  of  fir.aK  iHci,  rcycks  and 
ledges.  Through  this  J>ay  to  th?  niouih 
of  the  river  of.  its  name,  the  wcTlcra  chan- 
nel goes  up  by  a  head  land  on  the  W  call- 
ed Owl's  Head,  and  between  Long  liland 
on  the  W,  and  Cape  Roller  on  the  JE  to 
Bagaduce  Point.  The  carter n  chahncf  is 
between  HautlHand  on  theW,  and  Burnt 
Coat  iHand  on  the  E,and  through  a'reach, 
called  Long  F.each,  formed  by  the  fliores 
of  Naflceag,  or  Sedgwick,  qn  the  E  or  N 
E,  and  Deer  Iflands  on  the  W  or  S  W 
till  it  unites  with  the  other  channel,  be- 
tween Point  Roficr  and  Loh^  lflah<i.  On 
a  fine  pcninfula  on  /he  E  lide  of  the  bay, 
the  Britiili  built  a  fort  and  made  a  fettle- 
mcnt  which  is  now  the  fiiire  town  of  the 
county  of  Hancock,  and  is  a  commodious 
place  for  the  lumr.c  r  trade.  Haiit  I2ahd, 
or  Ifle  of  Ho'*,  lies  in  lat.  44  23  N,  aiid 
long.  68  10  W,  and  is  the  fouthertjmqft 
of  tivj  large  iOes. 

Fcnuhfiot^  the  noble  river  which  emp- 
ties its  waters  into  tiie  above  defcribed 
bay,  is  ihe  mofl  confiderable  in  the  Dif- 
tricit  of  Maine,  and  rifes  by  two  branches 
in  the  liigh  l.-.uds.  Between  the  fourqe 
of  the  W  fork,  and  its  junction  with  the 
E,  is  Mocjfchcad  L;-)ke,  30  or  40  miks 
long,  and  15  wide.  The  e.-iftern  branoh 
palTes  through  feveral  fmalier  lakes. 
■From  the  Forks,  as  they  are  called,  the 
Peaobfcot  bidians  pafs  to  Canada,  up 
either   branch,  principally  the  W,    the 

fo urc€ 


PEN- 


PEN 


fourcc  of  which,  they  far,  is  not  more 
than  ao  miles  from  the  waters  uhlch 
tmpty  into  the  St.  Lawrence.  At  the 
Forks  is  a  remarkable  high  mountain. 
From  thence  down  to  Indian  Old  Town, 
fituated  on  an  iiland  in  this  river,  is  ahciit 
60  miles,  40  of  which  the  water  Hows  in 
a  Aill  fmooih  fircam,  and  in  the  whole 
diflance  there  are  no  falls  to  interrupt 
the  pafD.ge  of  boats.  In  this  diftance  the 
river  widens,  and  embraces  a  great  num- 
ber of  iilands.  About  60  rods  below  h\- 
dian  Old  Town  are  the  Great  Falls, 
where  is  a  carrying-place  of  about  20 
rods  ;  thence  iz  miles  to  the  head  of  the 
tide  there  are  do  falls  to  obflrudl  bo^t?. 
VeiTels  of  30  tons  come  within  a  mile  of 
the  head  of  the  tide.  Thence  35  n\iles 
to  the  head  of  the  bay,  to  the  Icite  of 
Old  Fort  Pownal,  the  river  flows  in  a 
pretty  ftraijiht  courfe,  and  is  cafUy  navi- 
jjateij.  Faffing  by  Majabagadufc  on  the 
£  7  miles,  and  Owl's-Head  'io  mile*  far- 
ther, on  the  W,  you  enter  the  ocean.  It 
is  high  water  here,  at  full  and  change,. 
45  minutes  paft  10..  At  the  entrance  of 
the  river  is  10  fathoms  water.  The  In-  j 
disrs  have  a  communication  from  this 
river  to  Scoodick  River  by  a  portage  of 
3  miles.  This  river  was  the  weftem  lim*' 
it  of  Nova-Scotia  or  Acadia,  by  the  rrta-  ■ 
ty  of  Utrecht.  There  are,  within  about 
ao  miles,  more  than  60  iflands  great"  and 
fmall,  making  in  the  Avhole  about  12,000  ' 
acres  (fee  Marflr's  Ifland.)  Fifty-four  of 
thefe  the  Indians  Iiave  refervcd  to  iheir 
own  ufe. 

Fhio/jfioty*  a-  port  town  of  Maine,  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  bay  of  its  name  in  lat. 
44  24  N,  3  miles  N  by  W  of  Blue-Hill, 
141  N  W  of  Portland,  and  i62  N  by  E 
of  Bofton.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  car- 
ries on  a  fmall  trade  iu  fUln  aiui  lumber. 
The  exports  in  1794,  ending  Sept.  30, 
amounted  to  5,825  dollars.  In  Feb.  1796, 
it  was  divided  into  two  towns  ;  the  one 
retain irg  the  name  Penobfcot,  having 
935  inhabitants,  the  other  named  Caf- 
tiue,  which  fee.  I 

Penohfcots^  a  fmall  tribe  of  Indians  who  \ 
live  in  Indian  Old  Town,  on  an  i(I:uid  in 
Penobfcot  River.  They  aver  th-it  they 
have  poffefTed  the  ifland,  on  which  their  ; 
town  ftands,  500  years.  It  ftands  jnft  I 
above  the  Great  Falls,  and  confifls  of  : 
about  200  acres  of  land.  See  Indian  Old  ; 
'■Xb'wn.     In  a  former  war,  this  tribe  loft  \ 


*  7X//  defcription  applies  to  tL'is  to'ivn  as  it 
Hfd  before  its  tHiiJion,  in  IT^)^- 


tluir  lands;  but  at  the  commencement  of 
the  iaft  vvar,  the  Provincial  Cdngrefs  for- 
bade any  perfon  fettling  on  the  lands 
from  the  head  of  the  tide  on  Penobfcot 
River,  included  in  lines  drawn  ilx  miles 
from  the  river  on  each'  fide  ;  that  is,  a 
trat^  12  miles  wide,  interfeOlcd  by  the 
middle  of  the  river.  They,  however, 
confidcr  that  they  have  a  right  to  hunt 
and  fifli  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the  Bay 
of  Penobfcot  extends.  This  was  their 
original  right,  in  oppofition  to  any  other 
tribe,  and  they  now  enjoy  it. 

Pcnfacola  Harbour  and  Tozvn.  The  Har- 
bour is  on  the  N  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  II  leagues  E  of  Port  LewLs,  and 
Mobife,  and  158  W  of  the  ifiands  of  Tor- 
tuga.  It  is  a  beautiful  body  of  water, 
fpacious,  and  fafe  from  all  winds,  and  has 
4  fathoms  water  at  its  entrance,  detpeu- 
ing  gradually  to  7  or  8.  '^I'he  bar  lies  in 
lat.  30  rj*  N,  and  long.  87  14  W,  and 
admits  of  vefTels  drawing  no  more  than 
'2,1  feet  water.  ♦The  town  of  Penfacola, 
c^he  capital  of  W.  Florida,  lying  along  the 
beach  (>f  thc'bay,  is  of  an  oblong  form, 
healthy  and  delightfully  fituated,  and  is- 
about  a  mile  in  length,  and  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  in  breadth.  While  in  poiTeihon  of  the 
Britifli  it  contained  feveral  hundred  hab- 
itations; and  many  of  the  public  building* 
and  houfes  were  fpacious  and  elegant.  The 
governor's  palace  is,  a  large  ftone  build- 
ing, ornamented  with  a  tower,  built  by 
the  Spaniards.  Since  this  place  has  been 
in  pofTcfnon  of  the  Spaniards  it  has  beeu 
cm  the  decline.  The  exports  from  tlti» 
town,  confifting  of  flcins,  logwood,  dying- 
ftufTand  filver  dollars,  amounted,  while 
in  the  pofleffion  of  the  Britiilt,  to  ^^63,000 
annually.  The  average  value  of  import*, 
for  three  years,  from  Great-Britain,  was 
;r97,ooo.  The  tov/n  and  fort  of  Penfa- 
cola furrendered  to  the  arms  of  Spain,  iu 
the  year  17  8x,  and  with  thenithe  whole 
province.  The  old  fortifications  flood  on 
fomc  fand  hills  back  of  the  city,  too  dif- 
tant  to  yield  any  fubftantial  protection. 
The  entrance  into  the  bay  is  defended 
by  a  fmall  fort  on  the  W  end  of  Rofe'* 
Iiland,  and  a  battery  on  the  main  land 
nearly  oppofite.  I'his  harbour,  and  oth- 
ers on  this  coi'ft,  are  inftfted  with  worms^ 
in  fuch  degree  as  to  ruin  veilels  in  two 
months,  if  care  be  not  taken  to  prevent  k, 
[Iluttlfins  &  EUicott.']     Elcambia  or  Coe- 

neeuh 

*  Lat.  30  18  iV,  kr>g.   87    17    IV  from 
CreenviUk  fillicott. 


^  E  Q^ 


PER 


mf.cu'h  River  is  the  largefl:  firearm  which 
fills  into  Penfacola  Bay.  It  admits  flial- 
'iops  fonic  miles  up,  and  boats  upwards 
^Of  50  mile?.      .See    Connecuhy  jippefidix. 

Pentceofiy  an  ifiand  in  the  Archipelago  of 
4he  Greet  Cycladcs,  wliich  fee.  It  was  dil- 
covered  by  Botiganville,  May  2^,  1768, 
-and  named  from  the  day,  being  the  day 
of  Ptntecoft.  It  is  two  leagues  dift^nt 
from  Aurora  lOand,  which  is  in  15  8  S 
lat,  and  165  58  E  lonji;.  from  Paris. 

P.^ruco^  a  province  of  Mcsico;  frparat- 
-cd  from  that  of  Angeles,  or  '1  lafcaia,  on 
tlic  N  by  Tufpa  River. 

Pvpchidt'jchkh^  a  point  or  head  !and  on 
the  S  {l-:ore  of  the  Great  Bay  of  Chalcurs, 
near  the  N  E  extremity  qf  the  province 
of  New-Erunfwick. 

Pe^in,  a  lake,  or  rather  a  dilatation  of 
•the  river  Miilllippi,  where  it  receives  the 
river  Chippeway  from  the  N  E  in  laf.  44 
5  N,  and  long  93  4  a  W,  below  the  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony. 

Pcppertll,  a  rowafliip  of  M^frachufctts, 
on  the  K  branch  of  Nafnaway  River,  and 
on  the  N  line  of  Middlefex  co.  It  joins 
Oroton  on  the  S  E,  and  is  40  miles  N  by 
W  of  Bofion.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1753,  and  contains  1198  inhabitants. 

Pepper ellorough^  a  townfbip  in  Yotk  CO. 
Maine,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Saco  River, 
near  the  mouth,  and  which  fcparates  it 
from  Biddeford  to  the  S.  A  bank  by  the 
name  of  Saco  Bank  was  eftablifiied  here 
in  1803.  It  is  about  12  miles  S  W  of 
Portland,  and  IC9  N  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1772,  and  contains  1842 
inhabitants. 

Pipipguiachcy  now  railed  Metv-CarVJls, 
is  about  3  leagues  from  Pafpibiac,  ©n  the 
north  fide  of  Chalcur  Bay. 

Pepftgu'iach  Pointy  on  the  northern  tide 
of  Chalcur  Bay,  now  called  Pafp'^biac  Point, 
is  -about  3  leagues  W  N  W  of  Eaft  Nou- 
ville.  It  is  a  barren  plain  that  is  nearly 
*.  league  in  length.  A  very  extenfive 
filliery  is  carried  on  here,  for  fuch  dfiiiall 
.place. 

Pifpys  If-^nh,  the  fame  with  Falkland 
Illand",  lie  in  lat.  47  S,,  8  leagues  E  of 
Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coaft  of  Patagonia. 
It  is  commodious  for  taking  in  wood  and 
water,  and  provided  with  a  harbour  ca*- 
pable  of  holding  looo  fail  of  fliips  ; 
abounding  with  fowls  and  great  plenty 

of  flfll. 

Pequanack,  a  townfliip  of  Morris  co.  N. 
Jcrfey-;  feparated  from  Bergen  co.  N  by 
•i'egunnock  River. 

I'f^uanntek  Ptint  and  R'lVfr.     The  rivqr 


is  a  fmall  flream  which  runs  S-througi: 
the  towns  of  Huntington  and  Stratford  hx 
Fairfield  co.  Conne6ticut,  and  empties  in- 
to a  bay  in  the  Sound  where  veuels  may- 
anchor.  The  point  forms  the  wcfteni 
extremity  of  fhe  bay,  near  which  are  fomc 
rocks  ;  frc  m  thence  the  outer  bar  cx- 
ttnds  N  by  N  E.  The  point  is  5  miles 
vS  W  of  Stratford  River. 

P I quefegeha'tguniy  or  BivrZ,a,('e,xhc  fourcc 
of  a  river  of  the  fame  name  whic^  is  fhc 
nnrth-eaflcrly  braisch  of  M^gg'^kadav/a 
River.  The  lake  is  of  an  irregular  form, 
about  3  miles  long  and  2  vvide. 

Perotnus,  or  Peramcs,  in  Bergen  CO.  N, 
Jerfey,  lies  on  the. point  <jf  land  formed  by 
the  branches  of  Saddle  River,  a  N  branch 
of  PalTaik  ;  about  18  miles  N  of  Bergen, 
10  W  of  Tappap,  and  2T  N  W  by  N 
of  N.  York. 

Pcrc.-r,  Vlfie,  .a  fmall  but  remarkable 
ifiand  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  being  a  perpendicular  rock, 
pierced  with  two  natural  arches, through 
which  the  fea  flows.  One  of  thefe  arch- 
es is  fufficiently  high  to  sdmit  a  large 
boat  to  pafs  freely  through  it.  It  is  15  ' 
miles  fcuth  of  Cape  Gaf pee.  It  is  aflert- 
ed  tliat  it  was  formerly  joined  to  Mount 
Joli,  which  lies  oppofitc  to  it  on  the  con- 
tinent. 

Percipany^  a  village  in  Morris  co.  N". 
Jerffv,  on  a  branch  of  Paffiik  River,  and 
6  miles  N  of  Morriflown. 

Percy,  an  extenfive  townfliip  in  Graf- 
con  CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  watered  by  the 
feveral  branches  of  Upper  Anionoofuck 
River,  bounded  W  by  Northumlierland, 
on  GonneAicut  River.  It  was  imcorpo- 
rated  in  1774,  and  contains  148  inhab- 
itants. 

PerJI(/o,ii  river  and  bay  on  the  coaft  of 
Weft-Florida.  The  mouth  of  the  river 
is  about  10  leagues  eaftward  of  Mobile 
Point,  and  4  weflward  of  the  bar  of  Pen- 
facola.  The  entrance  is  narrow,  with  a 
Ixir  of  fix  feet,  but  afterwards  it  widens 
confiderably.  This  was  ft>rmerly  the 
boundary  between  Florida  and  Louifia- 
na,  dividing  the  French  and  Spanifli  do- 
minions, and  is  now  confidered  as  the 
eaftern  boundary  of  Louifiana,  as  late- 
ly ceded  to  the  United  States.  The 
river  ftrctches  in  one  place  NE,  where  it 
goes  within  a  mile  of  the  great  lagoon  VV" 
of  the  entrance  of  Penfacola  harbour. 
PIutcLins. 

p.res  TJlaml,  or  Confantlne  Peres,  on  the 
coaft  of  Chili,  S.  America.  It  is  oppofite 
to  Port  Cor  J.     Oo  this  ifland  is  a  fort 

G^lteii 


BE  R 


1^  E  R 


«iUe.cl  Manfcra,  and  en  the  V.ack;  of  the 
ifland  there  is  an  entrance  f«r  boats  into 
the  harbour  6f  Baldivia. 

Ferica,  three  idands  in  the  bay  of  Pa- 
nama, S.  America,  which  give  (helter  to 
fliips  out  of  the  conynand  cf  the  tovvn  of 
Panama. 

Ferkas  If.i:uiu  on  the  Spahiili  Main» 
coaftof  S.  America,  3  leagues  W  of  Cu- 
in^na  Bay." 

.  Perkins,  Por!?,  lies  on  the  S  W  of  Wafli- 
ington's  Ifle,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America.     See  Magccs  Svmd. 

'  Perhrnfcmnlle^  in  Amelia  CO.  Virginia. 
Here  is  a  poft  ofEce  ifjz  milcj  from 
Wafhington. 

Perlican^  Old.,  ajj  indifferent  i]iip  road 
with  rocky  ground  on  the  E  coait  of  New- 
foundland liland,  %  leagues  S  W  by  6  of 
Break  Heart  Point.  Sherwick  is  the 
pame  of  its  N  point. 

Perlican,  Nciv,  a  noted  harhour  en  the 
E  coafl  of  Newfoundland  1  Hand.  8  leagues 
"W  S  W  of  Old  Perlican,  and  '5  leagues 
from  Random  Head.  It  has  a  wide  and 
fafe  entrance,  and  fhips  may  ride  in  it 
liindlocked  from  all  winds  in  from  40  to 
5  fathoms  water. 

Pernamluco,  a  captainfhip  in  the  N  di- 
Tifion  of  Brazil.     Chief  tovvn  Olinda. 

PcrnambutOy  or  PhtrnamiucOy  Othtrvvife 
called  Panambuco,  a  place  of  confiderable 
trade  on  the  E  coafl;  of  Brazil,  having  a 
bay  or  harhour  of  the  fame  name,  be- 
tween Paraiha  on  the  N,  and  Cape  St. 
Auguftine  on  the  S,  in  lit.  8  S,  and  long. 
^$  W.  Prf)vifions  and  other  articles  arc 
brought  hicl-.er  from  Para,  and  from 
hence  great  quantities  of  tobacco  are 
fent  to  Europe. 

Pcrnamhi'co^  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, S.  Anurica,  S  of  Tamerica  Ifl^nd.  It 
is  blocked  up  Avith  fand ;  and  fliips  enter 
it  from  the  N,  at  the  entranc;e  of  the 
Receif  harbour,  3  leagues  from  it.  S  iat. 
8  30,  W  long.  :>,s  7. 

PerfHua,  Cop.-,  on  the  N  \V  coafl  of 
N.  America.  N  Iat,  44  6,  W  long.  124 
?.  Variation  of  the  compafs  i;i  the  year 
i779>  ^7  50  E. 

Perquimonsy  a  CO.  of  Edentcn  diftricH:, 
N.  Carolina,  bouudc<i  \V  by  Chow.'.n  co. 
and  E  by  Pafquotank,  from  which  la  ft  it 
is  feparattd  by  the  river  Pafquotank,  a 
•water  of  Albemarle  Sound,  ^t  contains 
5,609  inhabitants,  of,  whom  1,980  are 
flaves. 

Perfon^  a  CO.  in  Hilifbcrough  diflricfl, 
K.  Carolina.  The  court  houfe,  where  a 
|»oft  office  is  kept,  is  26  miles  I^of  Hiilf- 


boro'igh,  and  34.  E  of  Cafwoll  New  Ccorfri 
Houfe.  It  contains  6;4oa  inhabitauts,^ 
:, 08 2  are  flavts, 

Perth- Amh'iy.,  a  city  of  N.  Jcrfcv,  pleaf- 
ant!y  fituated  in  Aliddlefex  co.'  at  the 
head  of  Rariton  Bay,  and  ftands  on  a 
neck  ci  land  included  between  Fvariton. 
River  and  Arthur  KuU  Sound,  its  fcite 
is  high  and  healthy.  It  lies  open  to  San- 
dy-Hook, and  has  one  ci€  the  bed  har- 
bours on  the  continent.  Veflels  from  fca 
may  enter  it  in  one  tide,  in  almofl  any 
weather.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  poft 
town  ;  but  although  it  is  admirably  fitu- 
atcd  for  trade,  and  the  legifiatute  has 
given  every  encouragement  to  induce 
mer<phant3  to  fettle  here,  it  is  far  from 
being  in  a  fiourifliing  flate.  It  contains 
about  60  houfes,  and  carries  on  a  fmall 
trade  to  the  W.  Indies.  Its  exports  for 
a  year,  ending  30th  Sept.  1794,  v/ere  to 
the  value  of  58,159  dollars.  It  is  2>S 
miles  S  W  of  N.  York,  and  74  N  E  of 
Philadelphia.  N  iat.  40  zSi^  W  Ipng.  74 
50. 

Peru,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  in  Clin- 
ton CO.  on  the  WAde  cf  Lake  Champlaiua 
It  was  taken  from  the  towns  of  Plattf- 
burg  and  WiUfburg,  and  incorporated  'v\ 
1792.  It  is  an  excellent  tradl  of  land, 
and  fettling  faff.  It  has  1,347  inhabit- 
ants. 

i^Tw,  a  diftri^fJ:  of  S.  America,  about 
1800  miles  in  length,  and  about  500  in 
breadth;  bouftd..d  W  by  the  S.Pacific 
Ocean  ;  E  by  the  Cordillera  dc  Ics  An- 
des, or  Mountains  of  Andes,  which  fep- 
arate  it  from  the  country  of  Amazonia 
and  Paraguay  ;  N  by  Terra  I'irma,  fron-i 
which  it  is  divided  by  the  equator  ;  and 
the  a5th  degree  of  S  latitude  leparates  it 
from  Chili  and  La  Plata  on  the  S.  It 
lies  between  60  and  81  W  long,  and  is 
fubdividcd  into  the  provinces  of  Quito, 
Lima,  and  Los  Charcos.  Tlie  chief  towns 
are  Quito,  Payta,  Lima,  Ciifco,  Potoli 
and  Porco.  From  the  fitaation  of  this 
country,  which  is  within  the  torrid  zone, 
it  is  natural  to  fuppoft  that  it  would  be 
almoft  uninhabitable  ;  but  the  Andes 
Mountains  being  on  the  one  fide,  and  the 
S.  Sea  on  the  otUer,  it  is  not  fo  hot  as 
tropical  countries  in  general  are  ;  and  in 
fome  parts  it  is  difagreeably  cold.  In 
one  part  are  mountains  of  a  ftupendous 
heiglit  and  magnitude,  having  their  fum- 
mits  covered  with  fnow  ;  on  the  other, 
more  than  16  volcanoes  flaming  within, 
whil©  their  fummits,  chafms  and  aper« 
turcs  are   involved  in  ice.      The  plains 

are 


PER 


?  E  K: 


ar«  temperate,  the  beaches  ajjd  vallks 
kot ;  ami  inrtly,  accordinj^  to  the  difpofir 
tion  of  the  country,  itsliigh  cr  Unv  litua- 
tion,  we  find  sll  the  variety  of  gradations 
of  temperature  betwetn  the  two  extremes 
of  heat  and  cold.  It  h  remarkable,  that 
in  fome  places  it  never  raiiis,  which  de- 
feat is  lupphed  by  a  dew  that  falls  every 
pjght,  and  iufllcitntly  rcfreihcs  the  vege- 
table creation  ;  but  in  Quito  they  have 
prodigious  rains,  attended  by  dreadful 
ftorms  of  thunder  and  lightning.  In  the 
inland  parts  of  Peru,  and  by  the  banks  of 
the  rivers,  the  foil  is  nfually  very  fertile; 
but  along  the  fea-coaft,  it  is  a  barren 
fand.  Vaft  numbers  of  cattle  were  ini- 
ported  by  the  Spaniards  into  Peru,  when 
they  tooK,  poileiriori  of  that  country  ; 
thefe  are  now  fo  increafed,  that  they  run 
wild  and  are  hunted  like  game.  This 
country  produce*  fruits  peculiar  to  the 
climate  and  mofi:  of  thofe  in  Europe. 
The  cultuie  of  maize,  of  pimento  and  of 
cotton,  which  was  found  eftabliflied  there, 
has  not  been  neglccacd;  and  that  of  wheat, 
barley,  calTava,  potatoes,  fugar,  and  of  the 
olive 'and  vine  is  attended  to.  The  goat 
has  thriven  very  well  ;  but  the  fhcep 
have  degenerated,  and  their  wool  is  be- 
come extremely  coarie.  In  the  northern 
parts  of  Peru  are  feveral  gold  mines ;  but 
thofe  of  filver  are  found  all  over  the  coun- 
try, particularly  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Potofi.  Nature  never  offered  to  the  avid- 
ity of  mankind,  in  any  country  on  the 
globe,  fuch  rich  mines  as  thefe  of  Potofi. 
Thefe  famous  miuci  were  accidentally 
difcovered  in  the  year  J545,  in  this  man- 
ner :  An  Indian,  named  Hualpa,  one  day 
following  fome  deer,  which  made  direct- 
ly up  the  hill  of  Potofi,  came  to  a  fleep 
craggy  part  of  the  hill,  and  the  better  to 
enable  him  to  climb  up,  laid  hold  of  a 
flirub,  which  came  up  by  the  roots,  and 
laid  open  a  mafs  of  fdver  ore.  He  for 
fome  time  kept  it  a  fecret,  but  afterwards 
revealed  it  to  his  friend  Guanca,  who, 
becaufe  he  would  not  difcover  to  him  the 
method  of  refining  it,  acquainted  the 
Spaniard  his  mafter,  named  Valaroel, 
with  the  difcovery.  Valaroel  regiftered 
the  mine  in  1545  :  and  from  that  time 
till  1638  thefe  mines  of  Potofi  had  yield- 
ed 395,619,000  pieces  of  eight,  which  is 
about  4,255,000  pieces  a  year.  Potofi  is 
about  20  or  ic  leagues  from  the  city  of 
I^a  Plata.  The  liiM,  and  alfo  the  country 
for  a  confiderable  diftance  round,  is  quite 
barren  and  def^rt,  and  produces  neither 
jtrec,  plant  nor  herb/  lo  th^t  the  iphabit- 


i    1 


ants  of  PotoG,  which  h  fxtuatcd  at  the 
foot;  of  the- hill,  ou  the  S  fide,  are  obliged 
to  prc/rureiall  the  necdfaries  of  life  from 
Peru.  Thefe  mines  begin  to  decreafe, 
aad  others  rife  in  reputation.  It  is  impof- 
fiiile  toafcertain  with  ziij  dej^rec  of  pre- 
cifiou  tlie  number'  of  inhabitacts  in  Peru. 
The  eity  of  I-ima  isfaid  10  contain  54,000; 
Gur.gaquili,  'i,o,doo  ;  Potofi,  2J.O0O  ;  La 
Pas,  2C.OOO,  and  Cufco,  26,000.  Among 
all  the  inhabitants  of  Peru,  pride  ^.n6  la- 
zinefs  are  faid  to  be  the  mcft  predomi- 
nant p^fiions.  Avarice  may  likevvile  be 
attributed  to  Tome  of  them  with  a  great 
deal,  of  propriety.  There  is  very  little 
commerce  in  this  fine  country,  except  in 
the  citie»  and  large  towns,  which  are  de- 
fcribed  lender  their  refpeclivc  name?. 
The  chief  manufadlures  are  carried  oa 
by  the  Indiaris  ;  thefe  rtjnfifr  chiefly  of 
leather,  woollen  and  cotton  ftulis,  and 
earthen  ware ;  ii>  the  fabrication  of 
v/hich,  they  arc  faid  to  be  peculiarly  in* 
genioust  Tiie  Indians  and  negroes  are 
forbidden,  under  the  feverefl:  penalties,  to 
intermarry  ;  for  divilion  between  thefe 
two  ciaffes,  is  the  great  inftrument,  ia 
v.hich  the  Spaniards  truft  for  the  prefer- 
vation  of  the  colonies.  Peru  is  govern- 
ed by  a  viceroy,  who  israhfolute  ;  but  it 
being  impoilibie  for  him  to  fupcrintend 
the  whole  extent  of  his  government,  he 
delegates  a  part  of  his  authority  to  the 
feveral  audiences  and  courts,  cfiablithed 
at  different  places  throughout  his  territo- 
ries. At  Lima  theie  is  a  trcalury  court 
for  receiving  a  fifth  of  the  mines,  and  cer- 
tain taxes  paid  by  the  Indians,  whicl\  bc- 
ong  to  the  king  of  bpain.  There  are 
certain  waters  in  this  country^  which  in 
their  courfe  turn  into  ftone ;  and,  foun- 
tains of  kquid  matter,  called  cr.ppey^  re- 
fcmbling  pitch  and  tar,  and  ufed  by  fea- 
men  for  the  fame  purpofe.  On  the  cuafU 
of  Guagaquiil  and  Guatimala  are  found 
a  certain,  fpecies  of  fnails,  which  yield 
the  purple  dye  lo  celebrated  by  the  an- 
cients, and  which  the  moderns  have  fup- 
pofed  to  have;  been  lofh  The  Hieli  that 
contains  them  is  fixed  to  reck*,  watered 
by  the  fea.  it  is  of  the  fize  of  a  large 
nu^  Various  methods  are  ufcd  to  ex- 
traift  the  purple  matter  from,  the  animal. 
There  is  no  colour  that  can  be  compared 
to  this,  either  in  luftre  or  permanence. 
Here  is  -.dfo  found  a  new  ful>ftance  caikd 
the  Platina,  and  which  may  be  con"fidtr- 
ed  as  an  e]<Thih  metal.  In  its.  native  fiaie 
it  is  mixed  with  gold  and  iron,  and  this 
at  fir{l  gave  rife  to  a  fufpici&n  that  it  w?!s 

MTOthinu 


I  ^ 


?  E  T 


?  E  T 


nothing  more  than  a  combination  of  thcfe 
two  metals ;  'but  late  experiments  of  chym- 
ifts  fully  prove,  that  it  is  a  pure  and  fim- 
ple  metal,  with  properties  peculiar  to  it- 
fclf.  It  cannot  be  afFctaed  hy  any  fim- 
p!e  acid,  or  by  any  known  folvent,  ex- 
cept the  aqua  regia  ;  it  will  not  tarnifn 
in  the  air,  neither  will  it  ruft ;  it  unites 
to  the  fixednefs  of  gold,  and  to  the  prop- 
erty it  has  of  not  being  fufceptibJe  of  dt- 
ilrudlion,  a  hardnefs  almoft  equal  to  that 
of  iron,  and  a  much  greater  difficulty  of 
fiihon.  It  is  of  an  intermediate  colour, 
between  that  of  iron  and  filver ;  it  can 
be  forged  and  extended  into  thin  plates  ; 
and  when  difl(»lved  in  aqua  regia,  it  may 
l)C  made  to  afTume,  by  precipitation,  an 
infinite  diverfity  of  colours  ;  aud  Count 
Milby  has  fucceeded  in  varying  thefe 
precipitates  fo  much,  that  he  has  a  pic- 
lure  painted,  in  the  colouring  of  which 
there  is  fcarce  any  thing  but  platina 
made  ufe  of.  Upon  the  whole,  from  con- 
iidaring  the  advantagesof  the  platina,  we 
cannot  but  conclude  that  this  metal  de- 
fcrves,  at  leaft,  from  its  fupcriority  to  all 
others,  to  fliare  the  title  of  king  of  met- 
als, of  which  gold  has  fo  long  been  in  pof- 
itlhon.  The  Peruvian  bark,  fo  famous 
at  prefent  for  curing  intermittent  fever?, 
is  Hkewife  found  here.  The  tree  from 
which  it  is  taken  grows  upon  the  5ope 
of  mountains,  and  is  about  the  fize  of  a 
«ommon  eherry-tree.  It  is  diftinguilhed 
into  three  kinds  ;  the  red,  yellow,  and 
the  white  ;  but  the  red  is  found  to  be 
the  bcft  and  mod  efhcacious.  The  Jefu- 
its  carried  this  bark  to  Rome  as  early  as 
1639;  but  the  natives  are  fuppofed  to 
have  been  acquainted  with  its  medicinal 
qualities  many  ages  before. 

Peruvians,  the  aboriginal  inhabitants  of 
Peru,  in  S.  America,  who  were  the  moft 
civilized  of  any  Indians  on  the  continent. 

Pefumftut^  a  river  of  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  about  20  miles  in  a  winding  courfc 
it  carries  ofF  the  furplus  water  of  Sebacook 
VovA  into  the  fea  in  Portland  bay. 

Pdaguel,  a  territory  of  S.  America,  in 
Brazil,  bounded  1^  by  Dele;  E  by  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean  ;  S  by  the  captainlh.ip  of 
jRio  Grande  ;  and  W  by  Tupuy.  It  con- 
tains mines  of  frlvcr. 

Peiapa^  onC  of  the  pleafantefl:  towns  of 
<luatiniala,  in  New  Spain,  Ixtuated  at  the 
weftern  extremity  of  the  valley  of  Mexi- 
co, 25  miles  S  E  of  Ouatimala.  There  is 
a  rich  fugar  plantation  in  its  vicinity. 

Pdtanvcninlas^zn  Indian  nation  foinrtr- 
Iv  i"  alliance  witli  the  Huro««. 


Pc{:ts  Banl^  St.  a  large  f.Hiing  grnnn^ 
ofF  the  S  end  of  Newfoundland  Ifund, 
and  extends  from  Cape  Race  to  St,  Peter's 
Idand,  oppofitc  Placcntia,  St.  Mary  and 
TrepafTy  Bays.  It  is  lat.  ri  in  breadth 
on  the  W  fide.  Frorii  Sr.  Peter's  Ifland 
it  dccreafes  as  it  approaches  Race  Point. 
It  lies  W  of  the  Great  Bank,  and  has  on 
the  S  at  a  confiderable  diftance.  Green  and 
Whale  Banks,  which  are  among  the  finall- 
eft  on  the  coaft.  It  has  45  to  30  fathcms 
water  on  it. 

Peter  s  Bay,  St.  on  the  S  coafl  of  Cape 
Breton  Ifland,  having  St.  Peter's  llland  at 
its  mouth. 

Peter's  Fort,  St.  on  the  ifland  of  MartJ- 
nico,  in  the  Weft  Indies.  N  ht.  14  44, 
W  long.  6r  iL. 

Peter's  Harbour,  St.  on  the  N  coaft  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  abont  8  leagues  W  of  E.  Point, 

Peter  s  Haven,  St.  on  the  E  coaft  of 
Labrador,  lies  round  the  S  E  point  of  Sa- 
del  Bay.     N  lat.  56  ,-^,0,  W  long.  60  42. 

Peter's  Ifiaud,  a  fniall  ifle  on  the  W  coaft 
of  St.  John's  Ifland,  near  to,  and  N  by  W 
of  Governor's  Ifland,  in  the  narrowefl 
part  of  the  Strait  between  New  Brunl- 
wick  and  St.  John's  llland. 

Peters  JJand,  St.  o?  St.  Pierres,  on  the 
S  coafl  of  Newfoundland  I/land,  lies  S  S 
W  of  the  S  E  point  of  Fortune  Bay,  and 
near  to,  and  S  E  of  the  S  point  of  Mique- 
lon  Ifland.     N  lat.  46  46,  W  long.  56  17, 

Peter  s,  St.  one  of  the  Virgin  Ifles,  in  the 
Weft  Indies,  dependant  on  Virgin  Gorda. 

Peter's,  St.  a  harbour  at  the  W  end  of 
Sydney  or  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  is  a  very- 
commodious  place  for  carrying  on  the 
fiflicry. 

Pete/s,  St.  a  town  at  the  fouthern  ex- 
tremity of  Cape  Breton  Ifland.  It  ftandg 
on  an  ifthmus  about  half  a  mile  broad, 
which  feparates  the  liarbour  of  St.  Peter 
from  the  great  lake  of  that  name,  alf» 
called  Lake  Labrador.  It  is  about  to 
miles  N  E  of  Point  Touloufe.  To  this 
harbour  vefTcls  of  the  greateft  burden  can 
come  with  fafcty.  Before  the  American 
rcvolnlion,  a  great  filhery  was  carried  ou 
here. 

PeUr.  Lale  St.  a  part  of  St,  Lawrciice 
River,  into  which  empty  from  the  S  and 
E  Sorel  River  from  Lake  Champlain,  the 
river  St.  Francis,  and  fome  fmaller  rivers, 
from  the  N  W.  The  Mafquinonge,  Oma- 
chis,  &c,  enter  the  lake.  The  centre  of 
the  lake  is  68  miles  above  Quebec,  and 
205  N  E  of  Kingfton^  at  the  mouthjt)f 
Lake  Oiitarif. 

PiHt'i 


f  E  T 


PET 


J^Jers  M'  untaln^  in  Pcmifylvania,  lies 
*n  SufciueUaniiali  River,  between  Halifax 
and  Harrifburg,  in  Dauphin  county. 

Peter  s^  St.  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Lab- 
rador, about  4  le-igues  from  the  iiland  of 
Belifle,  in  the  ftraits  of  that  name. 

Peter,  St.  and  St.  Paul^  a  river  at  the 
bottom  of  the  gulf  of  Campeachy.  Its 
branches  form  an  ifland  called  Tabafco. 
The  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  caftern  branch 
adniits  fmali  velFels.  At  flood  there  is 
From  %\  to  3  fathoms  water,  and  very 
good  anchorage  within  the  bar. 

Peters,  St.  a  parifli  cf  S.  Carolina, in 
Beaufort  diftriiSl. 

Peter  s,  St.  a  river  of  Lou  1  liana ^  one  of 
the  northweftcra  branches  of  Millllippi 
River,  which  it  joins  in  lat.  about  45  6 
N,  and  long.  94  2?/  W. — N.  B.  For  other 
places  named  Peter  or  Peter's,  fee  Plerrs. 

Petersy  a  townllilp  of  Franklin  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  having  7,749  inhabitPints. 

Peter  her  ough,  a  poll  town  in  Hillfbor- 
ough  CO.  N.  Hampfiiire.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1760,  and  contains  1,333  inhab- 
itants. It  is  73  miles  W  by  S  of  Portf- 
mouth,  18  wefterly  of  Amherfl,  16  E  of 
Keene.  In  this  town  are  the  mofl:  valua- 
ble grifl:  mills,  faw  mills,  oil  mills,  paper 
mills  and  clothiers'  mills  in  the  State. 

Pcteijlurg,  a  townfliip  of  New  York,  in 
RenlTclaer  co.  E  of  the  village  of  Troy, 
incorporated  in  1 793.  It  has  4,Z'^%  in- 
habitants. 

Petetfourgy  a  poft  town  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
M\  York  CO.  a  miles  N  of  the  Maryland 
line.  It  contains  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  and  about  80  houfes.  It  is  25 
miles  S  W  of  Yorktown,  59  N  of  Wafli- 
ington,  and  113  W  by  S  of  Philadelphia. 

Peterjbiirgy  a  fmall  town  of  Kentucky, 
fituated  in  Woodford  co.  on  the  E  fide  of 
Kentucky  River,  19  miles  W  S  W  of 
Lexington,  and  15  S  S  E  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  a  tobacco  ware  houfe,  and  a  few 
dwelling  houfes. 

Pcteijlurg,  a  poft  town  cf  Virginia,  and 
«  place  of  confiderable  trade,  in  Dinwid- 
dle CO.  on  the  S  E  bank  of  Appamatox 
River,  juft  below  the  falls,  about  25  miles 
S  of  Richmond.  It  contains  about  400 
houfes,  irregularly  built,  an  epifcopal 
church,  court  houfe  and  gaol.  The  Free 
Mafon's  hall  is  a  handfome  building ; 
there  are  feyeral  tobacco  ware  houl'es, 
ftorcs  of  dry  goods,  and  fome  few  neat 
and  commodious  dwelling  houfes.  This 
town  is  a  corporation,  and  comprehends  I 
thevillageof  Blandford,in  Prince  George's 
f.%  and  l*«whatan  ia  Chesterfield  co.  on 


the  oppcfite  fide  of  the  river.  It  contain- 
ed in  1790,  2,8a8  inhabitants,  including 
1,265  H'lvcs.  The  fituation  of  the  towu 
is  low  and  rather  unhealthy.  From  the 
iufpccSlor's  books  it  appears,  that  on  aa 
average  for  the  10  years  preceding  1796, 
the  quantity  received  here  has  confider- 
ably  exceeded  20,coo  hhds.  per  anrium  ; 
and  for  the  laft  three  years  the  quantity 
of  flour  made  in  this  town  and  within  au 
hundred  yards  of  it,  has  exceeded  38,000 
barrels  ;  at  other  mills  within  a  few  milc» 
i6,ooo  barrels  per  annum  ;  to  this  add 
the  flour  made  at  the  feveral  country 
mills,  and  brought  to  this  place  for  falc, 
the  v.'hole  quantity  may  fafely  be  ftated 
to  exceed  60,000  barrels  per  annum. 
The  whole  exports  of  this  town,  valued 
at  the  ufual  peace  prices,  amount  to 
Ij389,300  dolls,  befides  the  value  of  peach 
and  apple  brandy,  whiikcy,  &c.  not  in- 
cluded. The  Indian  princefs,  Pocahon- 
tas, the  daughter  of  king  Powhatan,  froiti 
whom  dcfcended  the  Randolph  and  Bow- 
ling families,  formerly  rcfided  at  this 
place.  It  is  80  miles  W  by  N  of  Norfolk, 
159  S  by  W  of  Alexandria,  and  303  S  W 
by  S  of  Philadelphia.  N  lat.  37  14,  W 
long.  78  8. 

Peterjhurgy  a  very  flourifliing  poft  town 
of  Georgia,  in  Elbert  co.  in  a  pleafant 
and  healthful  fituation,  on  the  point  of 
land  formed  by  the  conftuencc  of  Broad 
with  Savannah  River.  Several  refpetSla^ 
ble  merchants  are  fettled  in  this  town.  It 
is  15  m.iles  from  Elherton,  20  N  by  E  of 
Wailiington,  50  alnive  Augufta,  73  N  of 
Louifvilie,  and  836  from  Philadelphia, 
N  lat.  33  46,  W  long.  8r  32. 

Pdcrjham,  a  pleafant  poft  town  in  Wor- 
ccfter  CO.  Maflachufetts,  formerly  called 
by  the  Indians  Nichewaug  ;  28  miles  N 
W  of  Worcefter,  and  66  W  of  Bofton, 
Swift  River,  a  branch  of  Chickapee  Riv- 
er, pafles  through  this  town.  The  foil  is 
rich,  axid  here  are  large  and  excellent 
orchards.     Inhabitants  1794. 

Petit  Anfey  a  village  on  the  N  fide  o^ 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  2^-  leagues  S 
of  Cape  Francois. 

Pttit  Coat,  a  poft  8  or  9  miles  up  the 
Miirouri,  where  is  a  fmall  garrifou^nd, 
a  circumjacent  militia  of  about  80. 

PetiteoJiai,  a  river  which  falls  into  zn 
arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  called  Cheg- 
necco  Channel.  The  Indians  have  a 
communication  from  the  head  of  it  with 
St.  John's  River,  by  a  portage  acrols  to 
the  head  of  Kcnnebecfiui. 

Pitii- Gar/re,  or  the  Liftk  IVhlr'pool,  ia 
Mitfijlppi 


PET 


P  H  I 


MifliGppi  River,  i»  31  miles  from  Fort 
Rofaiie,  and  4  miles  from  Bayouk  Pierre, 
or  Stony  River. 

Frt>t-G/iaves,  or  Goave,  a  jurifilic^ion, 
town,  and  bay,  on  the  N  cbaft  of  the  S. 
ptninrula  of  the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  or  Bite  of 
Leogaae.  l*he  jurifdicSlion  contains  five 
pariihes,  and  is  the  unhealthiefl  place  in 
the  colcpy,  the  inhabitants  l)cing  con- 
ilrttitly  fubjevSt  to  fevers'  occafioned  by 
the  hadnefs  of  the  waters.  Us  d<;ptn- 
dencies,  liowever,  art  healthy,  and  are 
xeniHrkablc  for  the  culture  of  cofiTcc.  Its 
exports  from  January  1,  1789,  to  Decem- 
ber 31,  of  thefartxe  year,  where  2j.c^6  lb. 
wliite  fugar — 655,187  lb.  brown  fugar — 
207,865  lb.  cofFcc — 50,053  11).  cottoii,  and 
aio  lb.  indigo.  Tke  value  of  duties  on 
exportation  of  the  above,  was  4^127  dol- 
lars 97  cents.  The  town  lies  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  bay,  2^  leagues  weftward  of 
Grand  Guave,  and  14;^  W  by  S  of  Port- 
au-Prince.  N  lat.  18  *7,  W  long,  froni 
Paris  75  14.  Some  writers  call  the  great 
bay,  which  is  commonly  called  the  Bay, 
Bight,  or  Bite  of  Leogvine,  by  the  name 
of  Petit  Guaves. 

I'i^tit  Fort,  on  the  W  fide  of  Newfound- 
land Ifland  towards  the  S  end,  is  about  sh 
leagues  N  of  Cape  Ray,  and  one  S  of  An- 
guille  Cape.     N  lat.  47  jz  30,  W  long. 

59  15- 

F^tit  Forty  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  other- 
wife  called  Fottefe,  or  Little  Fort,  lies  a 
fliort  way  N  of  the  equator,  and  about  5 
leagues  S'e  within  the  bay  fio  n  Cape 
Francis  to  Cape  PalTado  on  the  S  by  W. 
There  U  ancliorage  in  5  fathoms,  and 
plenty  of  frefli  water  near  the  head  land, 
which  is  high.  It  is  necefTary  tu  found, 
en  account  of  the  fand-banks,  called  the 
Forfetes. 

Fc'tit  Terre  IJland,  near  Defeada,  Weft- 
Indies.     N  lat.  16  14,  W  long.  6f  ii. 

Fet'ite  Rivierct  a  fmal!  town  in  the 
French  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo, 
clofe  to  the  Spanifli  divifion  line  j|  leagues 
N  by  N  W  of  Varcttes,  and  feparated 
from  it  by  the  river  Artibonite  ;  ten 
Jea^ies  E  by  N  of  St.  Marc,  and  as  far 
N  W  of  Alirebalais.     N  lat.  19  8. 

F.'tiL  Trcu,  is  on  the  N  fide  of  the  S 
peninfula  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the  point  ot 
land  which  forms  the  E  fide  of  the  en- 
irauce  into  the  Bay  of  Baradaircs  ;  4,\ 
It^gucii  W  of  Anft  a  Veau,  and  19  E  of 
Jerrmie. 

Ftttt  Trouy  a  fmall  cove  on  the  S  fide 
Qi  the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo,  S  by   W 


of  the  mouth  of  Neyl">e  River,  and  aLoot 
5  leagues  N  E  of  Beate  Ifland,  Small 
barks  come  to  tliis  place  from  St.  Ddmin- 
go  city,  to  fetch  the  meat,  lard,  and  fowli 
derived  from  tlie  chafe. 

Fettquottino^  a  river  of  the  State  of  Ohio, 
which  empties  into  Lake  Erie,  from  the 
S,  near  Huror.  River. 

Feyton/hu:-y,  the  chief  town  cf  Halifax 
CO.  Virginia,  having  a  court  .lioufe  tnd  5 
or  6  other  houfcs,  three  of  which  are  or- 
dinaries or  taverns.     Here  is  a  poft  office. 

FhelpSy  a  townfliip  in  Ontario  co.  New- 
York,  N  of  Geneva,  on  Canandarqus 
Creek.  It  has  1,097  inhabitants.  The 
village  of  Lyons  Is  in  this  townfliip,  whicfe 
fee, 

Fbiladelphia,  a  town{hip  in  Rutland  CO. 
Vermont,  15  miles  E  of  Orwell,  having 
123  inhabitants, 

Fhiladelph'ta^  a  populous  and  hlghfy  cul- 
tivated CO.  of  Pennfyivania,  hounded  W 
by  Delaware  co.  N  W  by  Montgomery  ; 
N  E  by  Poquafui  Creek,  whicli  feparates 
it  from  Buck's  co.  and  S  and  S  E  by  the 
river  Delaware,  which  divides  it  from  the 
State  of  New  Jerfey.  It  contains  about 
89,600  acres,  and  is  divided  into  iS  town- 
fhips,  and  contains  81,009  inhabitants. 
On  the  banks  of  Scliuylkill,  in  this  co.  is 
an  excellent  quarry  of  marble,  from  which 
the  flonc-cutters  of  Philadelphia  are  fup- 
plied. 

Fhlladtlphlay  the  metropolis  of  PennfyU 
vania,  is  iituated  in  the  county  to  which 
it  gives  name,  on  thev.xllern  bank  of  the 
river  Delaware,  which  is  here  a  mile 
broad.  It  lies  in  lat.  39  56  54  N,  and  long. 
75  8  45  W  from  London  ;  diftant  about 
no  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  by 
the  courfc  of  the  bay  and  river,  and 
about  K,$  or  60  in  a  S  E  direcTlion.  A 
74  gun  fliip  can  come  up  to  this  city  ; 
fleops  go  "ifS  miles  farther  to  Tren- 
tou ;  and  boats  that  carry  8  or  9  tons  can 
go  100  miles  farther  up  the  Delaware. 
It  was  laid  out  by  William  Peun,  tlie  firft 
proprietary  and  founder  of  the  province, 
in  the  year  1683,  and  fettled  by  a  colony 
from  England,  which  arrived  in  that  and 
the  preceding  years,  and  was  increafecl 
by  a  conftant  and  regular  iuilux  of  for- 
eigners, to  fo  great  a  de;'/ee,  that  in  lefs 
than  a  century,  and  within  the  life  ti.-ne  of 
the  firft  perfon  born  within  it  of  European 
parents,  it  was  computed  to  contain  6,coo 
houfes,  and  40,000  inhabitants,  in  the 
city  and  fuburbs.  The  ground  plot  of 
the  city  is  an  oblong  fquare,  about  one 
mile  N  and  S  and  two  E  and  W,  lying  in 

the 


P  H  I 


P  H  I 


I  he  narrowcO,  part  of  the  i^lilimus  between 
the  Delaware  dnd  Schuylkill  rivers,  about 
^  miles  in  a  right  line  above  their  con- 
tluence.  In  the  heginainy;  of  this  fet- 
ilenient,  it  was  expcft'd  that  the 
fronts  oa  both  rivers  would  h^- firft  im- 
proved ixn  the  convenience  of  trade  and 
n,ivif;atio!i,  and  that  the  buildings  would 
extend  gradually  in  the  rear  of  each,  un- 
til they  would  meet  and  form  one  town, 
<.x-tendiiig  from  E  to  W.  But  it  was  fooa 
found  that  the  Delaware  front  was  alone 
fulTioieat  for  quays  and  iunding  places 
Tlie  buildings  now  occupy   a   foice  not 


and  in  the  moll  extended  part   do   not 
reach  a  mile   from   the   Delaware.     The 
city  is  interfeeled  by  a  great  number  of 
ftreets,  crofllng  each  other  at  right  an  jIcs. 
Of  theft  there  were  originally   9,  .whicli 
extended    from    the    Delaware    to    the 
Schuylkill ;  thefe  were  crofTed  by  2^,  run- 
ning N  and  S.     The  E  and  W  ftretts,  ex- 
cept  High    ftreet,  are  named   after  the 
trees  firit  found  by  the  colony  on  tiieir 
arrival  in  the  country,  viz.  Vine,  SalTafras. 
Alutberry,  Chefnut,  Walnut,  Spruce, Pine, 
and  Cedar;  which   lafl  is  the  fouthern  ' 
boundary  of  the  city.     The  ftreets  run-  | 
ning   N  and  S  receive  their  names  from  j 
their  numerical  order, beginning  at  Dela-  ] 
ware  River;   Front   is  i^»/?,  then  Second^  j 
and  fo  on  to  Thirteenth  ftreet,  whence  the  j 
numerical   order   ceafes  from    Delaware  jj 
front,   and   begins  at  Schuylkill  in    the  j 
f:<me.order,as  Firft,  Second,  &c.  to  Eiglith  j 
ftreet,   between   which    and    Thirteenth  ! 
ftreet,  is  Broad  frreet,  fo  n^med  fro>n  its  I 
being  the  widcft  in  the  city.      Tiie  num- 
ber of  fquares  in   the  original  plan  was 
184;  but  as  fevcral  of  the  fquares  have 
lately  been  interfetftcd    by   new    (Iceets, 
their  number  now  smount-s  to  304  ;  and 
feveral  of  thefe  are  again  interfet^led   by 
lanes  and  alleys.     Broad  flreet  is  113  feet 
wide;  High  ftreet   100 ;  Mulberry,  60; 
andthe  other  ftreets  in  the  original  plan 
50   feet   wide.     Moft  of  the  city  is  v/ell 
paved  with  neat  foot  paths  of  brick,  fur- 
niflied  with  common  (ewers  and  gutters; 
fo  that  the  ftreets  are,  in  general,  kept  very 
clean  and  neat.     Befides  the   ftreets  al- 
ready mentioned,  there  are  feveral  others 
not  laid  down   in  the  original  plan,  as 
Water,  Dock,  Cherry,  Penn,   Prune,  <Scc. 
Water  ftreet  is  only  30  feet  wide,  and  ex- 
tends from  the  Northern  Liberties  acrofs 
the  Dock,  to  Pine  ftreet,  ptrallel  to  ihe 
courfe  of  the  Delaware,   and  between   it 
and  Front  ftrcct.     The    (pace  occupied 
Vor.  I.  Ill 


!  by  it  was  intended,  in  the  original  plan, 
'  to  ferve  only  as  a  cart  way  to  accommo- 
date the  wharves  and  ftores,  fo  that  the 
river  Paould  be   open   to  the  view  from 
Front  ftreet.     It   is  now  built  with  lofty 
houfes  (except  a  very  few  vacancies  here 
and  there)    tiiroughont   the  whole  front, 
Sind  commodious   wharves   are  extended 
into  the  river,  at  wliich  the  la'-geft  fliips 
chat  ufe  the  port  can  lie  in  fafety,  to  re- 
ceive and  dtfcharge    thxir  cargoes,;  and 
are  defended  from  the  ice,  m  winter,  by 
the  piers,   made   of  logs,  extending  into 
t!ie  river,  funk  with  ftone,  and  filled  with 
earth,  fo  as  to   br;  equiily  firm    with  the 
m-iin  land.     Dock  ftreet  was  formerly  a 
fwan^p,    with    a    fmall   ftream    running 
through  the  middle  of  it.     It   is  from  yo 
to  100  feet   wide,   and   winds  northweft- 
ward  in  a  Terpentine  track, 'through  fev- 
cral ftreets.     It   is   planted   on   each  lids 
with  a  row   of  I.ombardy   poplars,  and 
promifes  to  be  one  of  the  pleafanteft  ftreets 
in  the  city.     No   lefs    than   6&i  lamps  of 
two  branches  each,   difpofed  at  conveni- 
ent diftances,  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  are 
lighted  every  night,  and  are  eftimated  10 
confume  annually,  nearly   9,000  gallons 
of  oil..    The  houfes  in  the  city  and  fub- 
urbs,  are  generally  of  brick,  three  ftories      % 
high,  in  a  plain  neat  ftyle,  without  much 
difplay  of  ornament.     The  general  height 
of  the  ground  on  which  the  city  ftands,  is 
nearly  40  feet  above  the  Delaware' ;    but 
fomc  of  the  ftreets  are  coniiderably  lower, 
particularly  Water  ftreet ;  feveral   ftores 
in  which,  have  fometinics  received  much 
damage  when   the  river  happened  to  hs 
raifed  by  a  high  flood,  and  a  ftrong  S  E 
wind.     Here  are    vj    places   for   public 
vvpriliip,  viz.  5  for  Friend:*  or  Quakers,  6 
for  the  Prcfoytcria'.is  and  Seceders,  3  for 
Epifcopab'ans,  .3  for  Roman  Catholics,  1 
for  German  Lutherans,  z  for  MethodiftB, 
I  for  German   Calvinifts,   r    for  Swedifh 
lAitheranSj  which  istheoldcftchurch  in  the 
city,  1  for  the  Moravians,  I   for  Baptifts, 
I  for   Africans,  and  a  Jewiila  fynagogue. 
The  firft  Prefbyterian  church  is  finitlied 
with  a  degree  of  elegance  that  v/onld  do 
honour  to  any  city  in  Europe.     The  roof 
is  fnpported  in  front  by  6  pil'ars,  finiflied 
in  the  Corinthian  ord:^- ;  but  as  it  ftands 
in  an  ohfcure  place,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mar- 
ket ftreet,  it  is  feeii  to  difadvantage.     The 
German    Lutheran    church,   which    was 
built  not  many  years  fmce,  was  unfortu- 
nately burnt  in  the  winter  of  1795.     The 
new  building  is  io8  ^tici   by  48  ;  and  is 
one  of  the  handfomeft  churches  in  the  U 

State 


p  H  i 


PHI 


States.  Mr.  D.  Tanebergcr,  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  the  United  Brethren, 
at  Letiz,  a  man  of  txtraordinary  mechan- 
ical genius,  completed  Hiid  ereclcd  a  large 
organ  for  this  church,  but  it  received 
much  injury  when  tlie  roof  and  infide  of 
the  I'uilding  were  confumed,  before  the 
pipes  could  be  difcngaged.  Clirift  Church 
ilands  on  the  W  fide  of  Second  ftrcet,  be- 
tween High  and  Mulberry  ftreets.  It  is 
an  old  Gothic  ftrudture,  and  is  ornament- 
ed with  a  handfome  Aeeple,  aiid  furnifli- 
ed  with  a  chinu'  of  belis.  The  Epitcopal 
churches  are  furniflied  each  with  an  or- 
gan, as  are  the  GermKn,  and  two  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  churches.  The  African 
church  is  a  large,  neat  building.  It  is 
fupplied  with  a  negro  clergyman,  who 
has  been  lately  ordiiincd  by  the  bifliop. 
They  areofthe  Epifcopalian  order.  The 
©ther  public  buildings  are  a  Prtfbyterian 
church  in  Arch  ftrect,  at  the  corner  of 
Mulberry  and  Third  fl:reet,a  State  houfe 
and  offices,  a  city  court  houfes,  a  county 
«ourt  houfe,  an  univerfity,  the  philofoph- 
ka!  fociety's  hall,  a  public  library,  an 
jbofpital,  difpcnfaty,an  almshoufe,  a  gaol, 
3  incorporated  banks,  2  dramatic  thea- 
tres, a  medical  theatre,  a  labarat»ry,  an 
amphitheatre,  3  brick  market  houfes,  and 
one  which  is  to  be  ereifled  in  Front  ftreet, 
in  the  Northern  Liberties,  a  fifli  market, 
2  houfe  of  corredkion,  and  a  powder  mag- 
azine which  contains  often  upwards  of 
50,000  quarter  caiks  of  gunpowder.  Two 
fieam  engine  houfes  have  lately  been 
crecfled  for  fupplying  the  city  with  whclc- 
fome  water  from  the  Schuylkill.  One  of 
thcfe  is  a  handfome  marble  building,  the 
bafe  of  which  is  fquare,  and  the  fuper- 
ftrudlurc  circular.  It  (lands  in  the  cen- 
tre of  High  and  Broad  flreets,  exa(5lly  up- 
on the  point  of  interfcdtion,  and  is  fwr- 
rounded  by  a  large  circular  inclofure, 
-which  is  platted  with  trees.  This  build- 
ing commands  a  view  of  High  ftreet  in  its 
whole  extent  from  river  to  river,  and  is 
itfelf  a  handfome  obje<Sl,  su  feen  from  va- 
rious parts  of  the  city.  The  Hate  houfe 
ftands  on  the  S  fide  of  Chefnut  ftreet,  be- 
tween Fifth  and  Sixth  ftrects,  and  was 
cre<5led  about  the  year  17J3  ;  and,  con- 
Udering  the  infancy  of  the  colony,  the  ar- 
chitc^ure  is  much  admired.  The  ftate 
houfe  garden  occupies  a  whole  fquare ; 
It  is  a  imail  neat  place,  ornamented  with 
feveral  rows  of  trees  and  gravel  walks, 
•nd  inclofedby  a  high  brick  wall  on  three 
•fidcfi,  and  the  ftate  houfe,  &c.  on  the  other. 
FoiWrftfifild,  formerly  a   public  btirying 


ground,  is  how  converted  into  a  pubtic 
walk,  and  planted  with  rows  of  Lombar-* 
dy  poplars  on  each  fide.  When  the  tree* 
are  grown,  and  the  ground  levelled,  it 
will  be  one  of  the  moft  plcafant  prome- 
nades in  the  vicinity.  In  the  N  E  corner 
of  the  yard,  adjoining  the  left  wing  of  the 
ftatc  houfe,  is  the  town  hall  or  new  court 
houfe  ;  S  of  which  is  the  philofophical 
hall.  Mr.  Peal  keeps  his  niuicum,  bj^ 
fpeeial  pcrmiifion  of  the  legiilature,  hi 
the  body  of  the  ftate  houfe.  It  is  the 
largcft  collccftion  of  natural  curiofities 
that  is  to  be  found  in  America.  In  it  arc 
400  fpecies  of  birds,  A'me  living  animals, 
&c.  Oppofite  the  philofophical  hall  n 
the  Philadelphia  library  ;  thefe  add  much 
to  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  the  fquare. 
The  Pliiladelphia  library  originated  with 
Dr.  Franklin,  and  vras  incorporated  in 
174a,  iince  which  tinie  the  colledlion  of 
bonks  has  been  greatly  augmented.  At 
prcfent,  it  contains  upwards  of  22,000. 
volumes,  befides  a  niufeum  and  a  valua- 
ble philofophical  apparatus.  It  is  open 
every  day  in  the  week,  except  Sunday ; 
and  any  perfon  who  has  an  inclination 
or  tafte  for  reading,  may  here  indulge  or 
improve  either  to  great  advantage.  The 
library  is  furnifbed  with  tables  and  feats  ; 
and  a  ftranger,  withcmt  any  introdudlion, 
may  call  for  any  book  he  wants,  and  fit 
down  and  perufe  it  as  long  as  he  pleafca. 
Thofc  who  prefer  their  chambers  to  read 
in,  may  receive  books  out  of  the  library, 
by  leaving  a  dcpoflt,  as  fecurity  for  the 
return  of  them,  and  paying  a  moderate 
fura  for  the  ufe  of  them.  The  proprie- 
tors amount  to  £everal  hundreds,  and 
each  fubfcriber  pays  ten  fliillings  annu- 
ally, for  defraying  expenfes  and  making 
new  additions.  To  the  library  is  annex- 
ed a  rare  and  valuable  colledlion  of  books,. 
the  bequeft  of  James  Ix)gan,  Efq.  to  the 
public.  The  building  belonging  to  the- 
Library  Company  is  remarkably  elegant, 
and  has  a  fine  appearance.  In  front  ©f 
the  building,  in  a  niche  over  the  door,  is 
a  handfome  ft ^tue  of  Dr.  Franklin,  the  do- 
nation of  William  Bingham,  Efq.  to  the 
company.  It  is  of  white  marble,  was  ex- 
ecuted in  Italy,  and  is  faid  to  have  coft 
;^500.  The  public  gaol  ftands  in  the 
next  fquare,  S  of  the  flate  houfe  yard.  It 
is  a  hollow  fquare,  100  feet  in  front, 
built  of  ftone,  three  ftorics  high.  All  the 
apartments  are  arched  with  ftone,  as  a 
prccaiiticm  againft  fire ;  and  it  is  the  lar- 
gcft, ftrongeft,  and  neatcft  building  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  State*.    To  the  gaoi 


PHI 


f  H  I 


h  antvcxcd  a  \vork  hnuPr,  with  yards  to 
keep  the  fcxes  apart,  and  criminals  from 
iIk:  debtors.  There  arc  alfo  apartments 
lately  added  for  the  Tolltary  confinement 
r.f  criminals.  'Ihe  whole  is  iccurely  inclof- 
f  d  by  ftouc  walls.  I'hc  market  hcufe  in 
High  ftrcet,  is  perhaps  exceeded  by  none 
m  the  world,  in  the  abundance,  neatncls 
a.nd  variety  of  provirtons,  which  arc  ex- 
p>.>fed  for  fale  every  Wcdnefd<iy  and  Sat- 
urday. Butchers'  meat  and  vegetables 
may  be  had  any  other  day,  except  Sun- 
day. It  extends  from  Front  to  Fourth 
ftreet,  and  is  fupportcd  by  300  pillars. 
On  the  W  fide  of  Second  ftrcct,  a  little 
above  Walnut  ftreet  is,  the  new  bank  of 
Pennfylvania,  lately  erc<^led  under  the 
Aiperintendancc  of  Mr.  Latrobc.  It  is 
a  large  and  remarkably  neat  and  elegant 
jiiarble  edifice  of  the  lonick  order,  built 
Kfter  the  model  of  the  ancient  temple  of 
Minerva  in  Greece.  The  caftern  and 
weftern  fronts  are  adorned  with  two  lofty 
colonnades  of  folid  marble.  The  new  the- 
atre in  Chefnut  ftreet,  near  the  ftatc  houfc, 
U  large  and  convenient.  It  was  finiflicd 
in  1793.  Further  W,  is  a  fpacious  build- 
ing, in  tended  for  the  accommodation  of  the 
Prefident  oi  the  U.  States,  but  fmce  the  re- 
moval of  the  feat  of  governmcntjit  has  beeu 
purchafed  by  the  Univerfity  of  Pennfyl- 
vania. This  feminary  was  formed  by  the 
union  of  two  literary  inftitutions,  which 
had  prcvioufly  exifted  a  conliderabic  time 
in  Philadelphia,  one  dcfignated  by  the 
above  name  ;  the  other,  by  that  of  the 
college,  academy  and  charitable  fchools 
of  Philadelphia.  They  now  conftitute  a 
refpedlable  fcminary,ineorporated  in  17 91. 
The  philol'ophical  apparatus,  which  was 
before  very  complete,  has  been  lately  in- 
treafed  to  the  value  of  fereral  hundred 
4M)und8.  The  funds  of  the  univerfity  pro- 
duce annually  a  revenue  of  about  jC^'^^i- 
The  aggJ"cg?.tc  number  of  ftudents,  in  the 
fcveral  fchools,  is,  on  an  average,  about 
5I-C.  And  the  number  ufually  admitted 
to  degrees  in  each  year,  about  25.  The 
Friend?;*  acaden  y  and  Young  Ladies' 
academy  are  alio  refpeclable  and  ufeful 
eilablifliments.  The  chief  literary  and 
humane  focictics  arc  the  American  phi- 
lofophical  fociety  ;  the  college  of  phyfi- 
cians  ;  the  fociety  for  promoting  political 
inquiries  ;  the  Pennfylvania  hofpital ;  the 
Phiiadelphia  dilpenfary ;  the  Pennfylva- 
nia fociety  for  the  abolition  of  flavery ; 
the  fociety  for  alleviating  the  miferies  of 
^nifons;  the  Pennfylvania  fociety  for  the 
•iicourao;euKHt  of  iruou£ii<5turc3  and  ufe- 


Fal  arts;  the  Philadelphia  fociety  fbrjlht, 
information  and  afliftancc  of  immigrariti. 
and  trv'o  other  ft>cieiies  of  the  fame  kind  ; 
one  for  the  relief  of  German,  and  anoth- 
er for  the  relief  of  Irifli  immigrants;  and 
an  humane,  an  tigricultural,  marine,  and 
various  charitable  focieties.  Here  is  a 
Grand  Lodge  of  Free  and  Accepted  Ma- 
fons,and  8  luboidinate  lodges.  Few  cities 
in  the  world,  of  the  fame  population  and 
riches  as  Philadelphia,  are  better  provi- 
ded with  ufcful  inftitutions,  both  public 
and  private.  There  are  alfo  a  fufficient 
number  of  academies  for  the  inftrutSlion  of 
both  fexes.  Almoft  every  religious  foci- 
ety has  one  or  more  fchools  under  its  im- 
mediate dire(i\ion,  where  children  belong- 
ing to  the  fociety  arc  taught  to  read  and 
write,  and  are  furnifhcd  with  books  and 
ftationary  articles.  In  the  city  and  fub- 
urbs  are  10  ropcwalks  which  manufac- 
ture about  800  tons  of  hemp  annually — ij 
breweries,  which  arc  faid  to  confume 
50,000  buflicU  of  barley  yearly — 6  fugar 
houfes— 7  hair  powder  manufaclories  in 
and  about  town — a  rum  diftillerics,  and 
I  rectifying  diftillery — 3  card  manufac- 
tories. The  other  manufadiories  are,  15 
for  earthen  ware — 6  for  chocolate — 4  for 
muftard — 3  for  cut  nails,  and  one  for  pa- 
tent nails — I  for  fteel — i  for  aqua  fortif 
—one  for  fal  ammoniac  zad  glauber  falt» 
— I  for  oil  colours — n  for  bruflies — a 
for  buttons — one  for  Morocco  leather, 
and  one  for  parchment ;  befidesgun  ma- 
kers, copper  fmiths,  hatters,  tin  plate 
workers,  coach  makers,  cabinet  makers, 
and  a  variety  of  others.  The  public  mint, 
at  which  the  national  money  is  coined,  is 
in  this  city.  The  great  number  of  paper 
mills  in  the  State  enable  the  printers  t» 
carry  on  their  bufmefs  more  cxtenfively 
than  is  done  in  any  other  place  in  Amer- 
ica. There  are  31  printing  ofHces  in  tlii* 
city ;  5  of  which  publifli  each  a  daily- 
gazette  ;  a  others  publifh  gazettes  twice 
a  week ;  one  of  thefe  is  in  the  French 
language;  befides  4  weekly  papers,  one 
of  which  is  in  the  German  language. 
The  other  offices  are  employed  in  print- 
ing books,  pamphlets,  &c.  The  catalogue 
of  books  for  fale  in  this  city,  contains  up- 
wards of  300  fets  of  Philadclphiaeditions, 
befides  a  greater  variety  of  maps  and 
charts  than  is  to  be  found  any  where  clfc 
in  America.  The  pleafure  carriages  with- 
in the  city  and  liberties,  according  to  enu- 
meration, are  as  follow,  viz.  two  wheeled 
carriages,  S53y  I'glit  waggons,  80,  coaches, 
I  j7 ,  piUaecom,  Z2,  chariots,  :iSt  ^Qd  coach- 


P  H  I 


r  H  I 


CCS,  33;  the  whole  amounting  to  307  foiir- 
wheeicd  carriages.  The  roads  are  good> 
and  becoming  better  ;  ftagc  coaches  per- 
form the  journey  from  this  cicy  to  Lan- 
Caflcr  in  II  hours,  on  the  new  turnpike 
road  ;  the  diftance  is  58  miJes.  This  city 
is  governed  by  a  mayor,  recorder,  15  al- 
dermen, and  30  coniuion  council  nien  ; 
according  to  its  prefent  charter,  graured 
in  the  year  1789.  The  mayor,  record<:r, 
8  aldermen,  and  i6  common  council  men 
make  a  quorum  to  tr.-'nlac^  bufinefs ;  vhey 
have  full  power  to  conflitute  and  ord.^ib 
laws  and  ordinances  for  the  governing  of 
the  city;  the  mayor,  recorder,  and  alder- 
men are  juftices  of  the  pe.Tce,  and  juftices 
of  oyer  and  terminer.  They  hold  a  court 
four  times  a  year,  to  take  cognizance  of 
all  crimes  stnd  mifdemeanors  commiffed 
within  the  city  ;  two  aldermen,  appointed 
by  the  mayor  and  recorder,  hold  a  court 
on  the  forenoon  of  Monday  and  Thutf- 
day  of  every  week,  to  judge  of  all  matters 
which  are  cognizable  before  a  juflicc  of 
the  peace.  The  trade  of  Pcnnfylvania  is 
principally  carried  on  from  this  city,  and 
there  are  few  commercial  ports  in  the 
world,  where  fhips  from  Philadelphia 
may  not  be  found  in  fomc  feafon  of  the 
year.  The  number  of  veflels  which  en- 
tered this  port  in  1786,  was '910;  in  '87, 
870  ;  in  '88,  851 ;  in  '93,  i,4i4jof  t(  hich 
477  were  fliips ;  in  '05,  r,6'zc,  viz,  fliips, 
158;  barks  and  fnows,  26;  brigs,  450; 
fchooners,5o6;  floops,  480.  Clearances, 
1,789.  It  is  not  mentioned  how  many  of 
thefe  were  coafling  veflcls.  The  number 
of  veiTels  built  in  1795,  was  31,  of  whicii 
23  were  fliips  and  brigs.  In  the  year  '92, 
Philadelphia  fhipped  420,000  barrels  of 
flour  and  middlings;  in  1794,  300,751. 
The  value  of  the  exports  from  the  State 
in  the  year  ending  Stpt.  30,  1791,  was 
3,436,09a  dolls.  58  cents  ;  '9a,  3,820,662 
dolls.  ;  '93,  6,958,836  D. ;  '94,  6,643,09/ 
D.;  '95,11,518,260!).  The  ficknefs  in 
the  autumn  of  1793,  and  the  embargo  in 
the  fpring  following,  interrupted  the  com- 
merce of  Philadelphia  for  nearly  "five 
months.  The  exifting  war  has  occalionc  d 
fome  extraordinary  articles  in  the  expor- 
tation of  late  ;  coffee,  &c.  have  been  car- 
ried to  Philadelphia,  and  from  thence  to 
Hamburg,  as  neutral  ports  The  envi- 
rons of  the  city  are  very  pleafant,  and 
finely  cultivated.  In  the  northward  are 
Kenfington,  near  the  fuTmrbs  on  Dela- 
ware, noted  for  {liip  building  ;  German- 
town,  a  populous,  neat  village  with  2 
©erman churches  ;  and  Frankfort,  anoth- 


er pretty  village,  both  within  7  miles, bo- 
lides many  country  i»:ats.  In  the  fouth  i& 
Darby,  a  fmall,  pleafant  borough,  above 
7  milts  didant ;  and  on  Schuylkill,  4  miles 
f"oni  the  city,' the  botanical  garden  of 
Mc  flrs.  Bartrams.  In  the  W,  on  the  fame 
river,  \  8  acres  of  ground  havf  been  lately 
deftined  fi>r  a  public  botanical  garden. 
According  to  a  liflpublillied  of  the  births 
and  deaths  in  the  ieveral  religious  forii- 
ties  of  Philadelphia,  it  appears  th,Tt  from 
Auguil  I,  179a,  to  Auguft  I,  1793,  the 
births  amounted  to  2,51  i,  and  the  deaths 
to  1,497-  In  the  year  1793, Philadelphia 
was  vifitt^d  with  a  fevere  fcourge,  the 
yellow  fever,  which  raged  with  uncom- 
mon violence  -for  above  3  months,  and  in 
tliac  fiiort  <pace  (wept  off  neatly  5,000 
inhabitant's.  The  humane  efforts  of  a 
committee  of  health,  appointed  by  the 
citizens,  were  highly  inffrumental  in  di- 
minifliing  the  calamity.  A  few  weeks 
alter  this  diforder  ceafcd  to  rage,  the  trade 
of  the  city  was  reftored  in  a  manner  in- 
credible to  any  but  eye  witneflls.  It  i* 
an  honourable  proof  of  the  hutnane  at- 
tention paid  to  the  prifoners  in  this  city, 
that  of  4,c6o  debtors,  and  4,000  crimin- 
als, who  were  confined  in  Philadelphia 
gaol  between  the  28th  of  Sept.  1780,  and 
■  the  5th  of  Stpt.  1790,  only  tuvelve  died  a 
natural  death.  In  1794,  there  were-9,oco 
houfes  in  this  city,  and  400  v  hich 
were  building.  The  UHniber  of  inhabi- 
tants within  the  city  in  i8oo,.w^as  41,220. 
The  fubui  bs  and  county  contained  39,7  89. 
Of  all  theie  only  85  were  in  Ihn'eiy. 
Philadelphia  is  ^2^  milts  S  W  of  Palla- 
maquoddy,  the  tafternmoft  part  of  the 
fea  co.lft  of  the  United  States;  347  S  W 
of  Bofton  ;  222  S  W  of  Hartford  ;  95  S 
W  of  New  York;  tea  N  E  of  Baltimore  ; 
144.N  E  of  Wafliington,  and  925  N  V.  by 
N  of  Savannah  in  Georgia.  See  Ftn*}fyl- 
vanrp,  for  an  account  of  feveral  other 
particulars  relating  to  this  city. 

Philips  a  large  ifland  in  Lake  Superior, 
in  the  United  States,  the  fame  as  Phihp- 
pcaux ;  whicji  fee. 

Philip  s^  Si.  2  parifli  of  Charleflon  dif- 
ridt,  South  Carolina. 

Philips  St.  a  fort  which  commands  the 
entrance  of  Mararihao  harbour,  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazil. 

Philips  St.  a  point  within  the  harbour 
of  Port  Royal,  South  Carolina.        ' 

Philippeaux  JJle,  in  the  S  W  of  I,ake  Su- 
perior, U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  fouthward 
of  Ide  Royal,  and  between  it  and  Kiaoaa 
Point,  on  the  S  fhore.  > 

Pltlipptau^ 


p  I  e 


p  I  c 


Fhilippem^  a  bay  on  the  Nfliore  of  the 
Ciulf  ot  St.  Lawrence,  near  tht-  Straits  of 
Belifle,  and  partly  formed  by  illands 
which  projed:  S  on  its  E  part,  and  extend 
towards  the  W.  The  £  part  of  the  bay 
lies  in  !at.  51  ao  N,  and  long.  $$  40  W. 

Fhilippina,  a  fmall  town  of  the  province 
of  Gnatimala,  in  New  Spain,  on  a  bay  of 
the  North  jPacific  Ocean.  N  lat  la  50, 
W  long.  91  30.    . 

Philipjlurg,  a  town  of  New  Jerfey,  in 
Sufl'cx  CO.  on  the  E  bank  of  the  Delaware, 
oppolite  Eafton  in  Pennfylvania.  It  is 
41  miics  N  W  of  'iVcnton. 

Philipfburg^  or  Pbilipjhivn,  a  townfhip  in 
Dutcheis  co.  N.  York, on  the  E  fide  of  Hud- 
Ion  River,  19  milts  above  New  York,  near 
the  S  end  of  Tappan  Bay.  It  contains 
■3,754  inhabitants.  In  this  towniliip  is  a 
filver  mine,  which  yields  virgin  hlver. 

Philips^  Academy.  See  Andi-uer  and  Ex' 
iter. 

Philapolis^  a  fettlcmcnt  in  Lnzerne  co. 
Pennfylvania,  i  £  or  14  miles  W  of  Mount 
Ararat,  and  at  the  head  of  the  wcftern 
branch  of  Tunkhanock  Creek,  about  45 
miles  S  E  of  Athens,  or  Tioga  Point.  N 
lat.  41  40,  W  long.  75  33. 

Piankatunk^  a  Imall  river  of  Virginia, 
which  empties  E  into  Chefiapeak  Bay,  op- 
polite  Gwin's  lliand.  It  is  navigable  8 
miles  for  fmall  craft.  I 

Piankajhatvsy  or  Pyankijhaa^  Vermilions  ! 
and  Mafcnntins^  are  tribes  of  Indians  in 
tiie  Indiana  Territory,  who  refidc  on  the 
Waballi  and  its  branches,  and  lihnpis 
River.  Thefe  with  the  Kiclapoos,  Muf- 
qjuitons  .and  Ouiatatiens ^  could  together  fur-  1 
nifli  about  1000  warriors,  30  years  ago.  ; 

Piara,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  America,  lies  \ 
I  j  or  14  lepgues  from  Payta,  in  lat.  7  N,  ' 
and  is  the  firll  town  of  any  note.  A  riv-  \ 
cr  which  v.-aflies  it,  fails  into  the  bay  of 
Chiroper  ;  but  as  it  abounds  with  llioals,  1 
it  is  little  frequented. 

Pic,  River  du,  empties  into  Lake  Supe- 
rior, in  lat.  48  36  II,  and  long.  89  41  6. 
The  Grand  Portage  is  in  lat.  48  416. 

Pic  de  rEtail,  le,  or  Pic  de  i^A/verdi,  as  it 
is  named  in  Eouganville's  map,  a  fmall 
high  irtand,  tliape d  like  a  Iugar-!oaf,  ly- 
irrg  alittje  to  the  northv/ard,  and  in  fight 
of  Aurora  Ifland  ;  difcovered  by  the  fore- 
named  navigator  in  May,  1768. 

Pica,  a  harbour  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
where  there  is  high  and  fteep  land  ;  la 
leagues  N  of  Lora  River,  and  5  S  of  Ta- 
rap  ica,  or  as  it  is  called  by  Britifh  fca- 
nien,  Carapoucha. 

Picura,  a  large  province  of  S.  America, 


in  New-Gcanada  ;  bounded  on  tht  E  ly 
the  Andes. 

Picati'fe,  Indian  towns  in  the  Indiana 
Territory,  on  Great  Miami  River,  75 
miles  from  its  mouth,  where  it  is  oniv  30 
yards  broad,  although  navigable  for  load- 
ed batteaux  50  miles  higher. 

Pukenfville,  in  Pendleton  co.  S.  Caroli- 
na. Here  is  a  poll  uliice  591  miles  from. 
Wafliington. 

Picketing,  a  county  of  the  Miiiifippi 
territory,  containing  2940  inhabitants,  bf, 
whom  738  are  Haves.     "^ 

PiiieriMg  Toivrjlip,  in  the  E  riding  of 
the  CO.  or  York,  U.  0»nada,  is  betwee.a 
Whitby  and  Scdi  borough,  and  fronts  Lake 
Ontarici.  I'he  river  Nen  runs  into  Ldke 
Ontario  through  this  townihip.  Here 
is  an  excellent  falmon  and  fturgeon  lilLc- 
ry,  at  a  river  called  Duftrn's  Creek,  which 
is  generally  open,  juul  large  enough  to 
receive  boats  at  molt  feafons  of  the  year. 
Smytli. 

Picket fgilf s  Co've,  is  within  Chrilhnas 
Sound,  on  the  S  coaft  of  Terra  del  Fuc- 
go,  at  the  S  extremity  of  S.  America. 

PickcrfgiW%  Jjlar.d.,  is  off  Cape  Difap- 
pointment,  in  S.  Georgia,  in  the  3.  ^Vtlai;- 
tic  Ocean.    S  lat.  54  42,  W  long.  36  58. 

Pickerfville^  tile  chief  town  of  Waih- 
iiigton  diftrie^,  in  S.  Carolina..  It  con- 
tainij  a  court  houfc,  jaol,  8  or  Ki  houies, 
and  a  diftiliery.  It  is  771  miles  fioni 
Philadelphia. 

Picolota,  a  fort,  on  the  rivsr  St.  John,  in 
E.Florida,  27  miles  from  ::)C.  Augulriue^ 
and  3  from  Poopoa  Fort. 

Picolei  Point,  mu  the  N  fide  of  the  ill- 
and  of  St.  Domingo,  forn^s  the  W  Ixvua-, 
dary  of  the  bay  which  fets  up  to  C.Vi.>c 
Francois.  In  time  of  war,  ihips  hjivc 
often  been  taken  under  the  cannon  01  ^, 
Pieolet. 

Picofa,  or  P//i7/a,  mountains  on  the" 
coaft  of  Peru,  wliich  ftrve  to  direct  nui  - 
iners.  They  are  high  hills  w^ithin  land, 
extending  about  7  leagues,  between  C"- 
lanchc  River,  and  Salango  lliand  \  and 
lie  S  of  the  equator. 

Pic.  Pi-niere  au,  in  U.  Canada,  empties 
into  Lake  Superior,  on  the  N  lidc,  W  cf 
Beaver  Creek.  On  this  river  dwell  ma- 
ny Indians,  called  by  other  natiun.s,  •'  i  he 
Men  of  the  Land." 

■  Piciouy  a  fmail  ille,  river,  bay,  and  fcL- 
tlement,  in  the  N  £  part  of  NovarScoiiaj 
and  on  the  S  fide  of -the  Straits  of  Norllj- 
ujmberland,  at  the  S  extremity,  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  ifland  lies  in 
the  iiarroweft.pigr^;  of  the  ftrait,  a  litUf 

wav 


P  I  £ 


P  I  L 


way  N  W  of  the  iriouth  of  the  river  of  its 
iiam€ ;  8  miles  S  of  Eeat  Cove  in  the  ill- 
ind  of  St.  John's,  and  58  E  of  the  mouth 
of  Bsy  Verte.  The  bay  or  harbour  of 
this  name  feems  to  be  of  confiderable  ex- 
tent. Eaft  River,  which  falls  into  Picflou 
harbour,  fui>plics  the  country  with  coals, 
from  the  mines  on  its  banks  ;  the  ftreams 
of  lefs  note  which  empty  into  the  bay, 
are  St.  Mary's,  AntigoniHi,  Liverpool, 
Turket,  Mufquidcboit,  and  Sillibou  Riv- 
ers. The  fettlement  of  Pitflou  is  fcrtvle, 
populous,  and  increaiing  in  importance. 
A  good  road  is  cut,  cleared,  and  bridged 
to  Halifax,  68  miles  diftant  S  by  W. 
This  ftttlement  is  now  called  Tinmouth  ; 
which  fee. 

Pietces  JJland.  The  main  channel  of 
Pifcataqua  River,  in  N.  Hampfliire,  lies 
between  Pierce's  and  Seavey's  Ifland  ;  on 
each  of  which  batteries  of  cannon  were 
planted,  and  entrenchments  formed  in 
1775.  ^^^  ftreamhere  is  very  contradl- 
cd  ;  the  tide  rapid;  the  water  deep,  and 
the  flicrc  bold  and  rocky  on  each  fide  : 
fo  that  in  the  fevcrcft  winters  the  river 
is  never  frozen. 

Fiere^^  an  ifland  In  Illinois  River,  about 
47  miles  above  the  Piorias  wintering- 
ground.  A  Jlccb:,  or  arrow-ftone  is  ob- 
tained by  the  Indians  from  a  high  hill  on 
the  W  fide  of  the  river,  near  the  above 
ifland  ;  with  this  ftone  the  natives  make 
their  gun-flints,  and  point  their  arrows. 
Above  this  iiland  are  rich  and  fertile 
meadows,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  river,  and 
continue  fevcral  miles. 

Piermont^  z  townfhip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Connedi- 
cut  River,  6  miles  S  of  Haverhill,  and  5 
N  of  Orford.  It  was  incorporated  iu 
1 764,  and  contains  670  inhabitants. 

Pierouaoa>fth,ai\  Indian  nation  who  in- 
habit the  N  W  banks  of  Lake  St.  John, 
in  L.  Canada. 

P/errr,  St.  a  fmall  dcfcrt  ifland  near 
the  coaft  of  Newfoundland,  which  is  (-nly 
fit  for  curing  and  drying  iilh.  N  lat.  46 
27,  W  long.  S5  57-  '^  "^^^^  ceded  to  the 
JFrench  by  the  peace  of  1763. 

Pitrrf,  St.  the  firft  town  built  in  the 
ifland  of  Martirico,  on  a  round  bay  on 
the  W  coaft  of  tlic  ifland,  5  leagues  S  of 
>"ort  Royal.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  the  rcfi- 
dcncc  of  merchants,  and  the  centre  of 
bufincfs.  It  has  bctn  4  tlmts  burnt,  yet 
it  contains  at  prefcn*  about  a.ooo  houfcs. 
The  anchorage  ground  is  along  the  fea- 
iidc  on  the  Arind,  but  is  very  unhealthy. 
Another  port  of  the  town  is  feparited 


from  it  by  a  river,  and  the  houfes  arc 
built  on  a  low  hill,  which  is  called  the 
fort,  from  a  Imall  fortrefs  which  defends 
the  road,  which  is  commodious  for  load- 
ing and  unloading  fliips,  and  is  likewifc 
caiy  of  accefs;  but  in  the  rainy  f'eafim  tl^e 
Ihipping  take  iTielter  at  fort  'Royal,  the 
capital  of  the  ifland. 

Pierre,  Si.  a  river  in  Louifiana  which 
empties  into  the  MifTifippi,  from  the  W, 
about  10  miles  below  the  Falls  of  St.  An- 
thony. It  palles  through  a  moft  delight- 
ful country,  abounding  with  many  of  the 
necelVaries  of  life,  which  grow  fpontane- 
oufly.  Wild  rice  is  found  here  in  great 
abundance,  trees  bending  under  loads  of 
fruity  fuch  as  plums,  grapes,  and  apples. 
The  meadows  are  covered  vvith  hops,  and 
many  other  vegetables ;  while  the  ground 
is  flored  with  ufeful  roots,  as  angelica, 
fpikcnard,  and  ground-nuts  as  large  as 
hens'  eggs.     On  its  E  fide,  about  20  mile* 

from  its  mouth,  is  a  coal-mine. .N".  Ji. 

For  other  places  named  Pjerue,  fee  PeUr. 

Pigeon,  the  name  of  two  S  W  branchtu 
of  French  Broad  River,  ia  Tcnnefl'ec. 
The  mouth  of  Little  Pigeon  is  about  aj 
miles  from  the  confluence  of  French 
Broad  with  Holfton  Rivfr,  and  about  3 
below  the  mouth  of  Nolachucky.  Big 
Pigeon  falls  into  the  French  Broad  9 
miles  above  Little  Pigeon  River.  They 
both  rife  in  the  Great  Iron  Mountains. 

P geofi,  a  hiil  on  Cape  Ann,  Maflachu- 
fett:-.      See  Agamenticus. 

Pigeon,  a  fmall  ifland,  whofe  ftrong  for- 
tifications command  and  lecure  fafe  and 
good  anchorage  in  Port  Royal  Bay,  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico. 

Pikeland,  a  townfliip  in  Chefter  co. 
Ptnniyivania,     It  has  926  inhabitants. 

Pilaya^  a  jurifdi<SHon  of  La  Plata,  S. 
America.  Sec  Pafpaya,  its  nioft  common 
name. 

Pildras,  St.  on  thc  E  fliorc  of  the  Gulf 
of  Campeachy,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
N  lat.  21  4,  W  long.  90  25' 

Pilgcrrub,  or  Pilgrim's  Reji,  was  a  Mo- 
ravian fettlemcnt  (jf  Chrilban  Indians,  o» 
the  fcite  of  a  forfaken  town  of  the  Otta- 
was  ;  on  the  bank  of  a  river,  20  miles  N 
W  of  Cayahoga,  in  the  State  of  Ohio, 
near  Lake  Erie,  and  140  miles  N  W  of 
Pitifburg. 

Pilgritas  Ifland,  on  the  S  eaftern  fliore 
of  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  below  the 
Ifland  de  Coudres. 

Pillar,  Cape,  at  the  W  end  of  the  Straits 
of  Magellan,  6  leagues  N  of  Cape  Defca- 
da.     S  lat.  5 »  45,  W  long.  7640- 

^     Filot 


P  I  N 


P  I  O 


Pilot  Mountain,^  or  Ararat.  See  Surry 
County,  N.  Carolina. 

jPiloto,  or  Salinas  del  Filoto,  upright  crag- 
gy rocks  on  the  W  coaft  of  Mexico,  S  E 
of  Cape  Corientes,  where  there  is  good 
anchorage,  and  flicker  from  N  W  and  W 
;ind  S  W  winds.  There  are  fait- pits  near 
this  place. 

JPiht-Toivriy  in  Suflex  co.  Delaware,  lies 
near  the  mouth  of  Cool  Spring  Creek, 
which  falls  into  Delaware  Bdy,  near 
I.cwiftown,  and  6  miles  N  W  of  Cape 
Kenlopen. 

FrTTunt,  Fott  a,  a  village  on  the  »>  W 
coaft  of  the  S  peninfula  of  the  illand  of 
St.  Domingo,  4^  leagues  N  W  of  Les  Co- 
reaux,  between  which  are  two  coves  af- 
fording ;.n:horage ;  that  nearcftCoteaux, 
is  C3ll^;d  -Anfe  a  Damaflin.  Port  Piment 
is  nearly  eight  leagues  E  by  S  of  Tiburon. 

Fifias  IJland,  on  the  co<^ft  of  the  Gulf  of 
Honduras,  is  utuated  ofF  Trivigillo  Bay. 

Pinas  Point,  the  eaftern  point  of  Pana- 
ma Bay.  N  lat.  6  15,  W  long.  80  30. 
The  port  of  this  name  is  on  the  fame  S 
W  coaft  of  the  Ifthmus  of  Darien,  near 
the  point;  li  leagues  N  by  W  of  Port 
<)nemada,  and  7  from  Cape  Garachina. 
The  coaft,  all  the  way  fouthxvard,  to  Cape 
C^orienres,  abounds  with  pine  trees ;  hence 
the  name. 

Pinchina,  one  of  the  Cordilleras  in  S. 
America.  M.  Baugier  found  the  cold  of 
this  mountain,  immediately  under  the 
equator,  to  extend  from  7  to  9  degrees 
under  the  freezing  point  every  morning 
before  fun-rife. 

Pinckney^  au  iftand  on  the  coaft  of  S, 
Carolina. 

Pinclney,  formerly  a  diftridt  of  the  up- 
per country  of  S.  Carolina,  now  divided 
into  the  diftricfts  of  York,  Chtfter,  Union, 
and  Spartanburgh  ;  which  fee  ;  and  for 
the  number  of  inhabitants  fee  S.  Carolina. 

Pinckneyville,  a  poft  town  of  S.  Caroli- 
na, and  capital  of  Union  diftrit^,  on  the 
6  "W  fide  of  Broad  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Pacolet.  It  contains  a  handfomc  court 
houfe,  a  gaol,  and  a  few  cumpaCl  houfes. 
k  is  75  miles  N  W  of  Columbia,  56  from 
Lincolntown,  in  N.  Carolina,  and  716 
from  Philadelphia. 

Pine,  Cape,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  Hland 
of  Newfoundland,  is  about  eight  leagues 
W  of  Cape  Race.  N  lat.  46  4  z,  W  loug. 
5320. 

PiiteCreek,\i\  Northumberland  co.Penn- 
fylvania,  a  water  of  the  W  branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah  River.  Its  mom  h  is  about  1 2 
4til«»  wcftwaid  of  Lycomiog  Creek,  and 


40  N  W  Of  the  town  of  Northumljcrland, 
Pities,  a  fmall  ifhnd  on  the  N  conft  of 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  about  4  i  league* 
E  of  Porto  Bcllo,  and  forms  a  good  har- 
bour, with  two  other  fmall  ifl^nds,  and 
the  main  land.  N  lat.  9  la,  W  long.  8& 
15.  The  River  of  Pines  is  5  miles  Ironx 
the  above  named  harbour,  and  27  eaft- 
erly  of  Allabrolies  River.  Its  mouth  ha» 
6  feet  water,  but  within  there  is  3  fath- 
oms a  confiderable  way  up. 

Pines,  Pinez,  or  Pinas,  9  fmall  uninhab- 
ited ifland,  feparatcd  from  the  S  \V  part 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  by  a  deep  ftrait. 
It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  15  broad, 
and  aflfords  good  pafturage.  It  is  6  leagues 


from  the  main,  but  the  channel  is  i 


mi  pa 


f. 


fable,  by  reafon  of  flioals  and  rocks.  N 
lat.  21  30,  W  long.  83  25. 

Pitinamaquctn,  a  fmall  ftream  in  Wafli- 
ington  CO.  Maine.  This  ftrcanv gives  its 
name  to  a  new  fettlement. 

Pintatd's  Sound,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  fets  up  in  an  eaftern  diredlion, 
having  in  it  many  fmall  iflands.  Its 
mouth  extends  from  Cape  Scott,  on  tlui 
fouthcrn  fide,  in  lat.  50  56,  and  long.  128 
57  W  to  Point  Difappointment,  in  lat. 
52  5,  and  long.  128  50  W.  It  cemmunl- 
cates  with  the  Straits  de  Fuca  :  and  thus 
the  lands  on  both  fides  of  Nootka  Sound, 
from  Cape  Scott  to  Berkley's  Sound,  (op- 
pofite  Cape  Flattery,  on  the  eaftern  fide 
of  the  Straits  de  Fuca)  are  called  by  Capt. 
Ingraham,  Quadras  Ifles. 

Pintcbluco  River,  a  large  branch  of  the 
Chata  Uche,  the  upper  part  of  Appala- 
chicola  River. 

Piorias  Port  and  Village,  Qldy  in  the  N. 
W.  Territory,  on  the  weftern  Ihore  of 
Illinois  River,  and  at  the  fouthern  end  of 
Illinois  Lake  ;  210  miles  from  Miflifippi 
Rivtr,  aud  30  below  the  Craws  Meadows 
River.  The  fummit  on  which  the  fllock- 
adcd  fort  ftood,  commands  a  fine  prof- 
ped;  of  the  country  to  the  eaftward,  and 
up  the  lake,  to  the  point  where  the  river 
comes  in  at  the  N  end  ;  to  the  weftward 
are  l<»rge  meadows.  In  the  lake  (which 
is  only  a  dilatation  of  the  river,  19^  miles 
in  length,  and  3  in  breadth)  is  great  plen- 
ty of  fifli,  and  in  particular,  fturgeon  and 
picannau.  The  country  weftward  is  lovr 
and  very  level,  and  full  of  fwamps,  fome 
a  mile  wide,  bordered  with  fine  meadows, 
and  in  fome  pL?ces  the  high  land  comes 
tc  the  river  in  points,  or  narrow  necks. 
Here  is  abundance  of  cherry,  plum,  and 
other  fruit  trees.  The  Indians  at  the 
treatv  Oa"  Crccnviilc,   in   1795.  ceded  ro 

the: 


P  I  s 


P  I  T 


the  Uxiltcd  States  a  tracl  of  12  mlics  j 
fquare  at  this  fort.  N  lat.  40  ^^y  W  long.  ■ 
91  la  30. 

Piorias  IVinterincf  G-owff^,  a  tra(5lof  land  ! 
in  the  Indiana  Territory,  on  the  S  E  fide  j 
of  Illinois  River,  about  40  miles  above,  ! 
and  N  E  of  the  Great  Cave,  on  the  Milli-  j 
lippi,  oppofite  the  mouth  of  the  MifTouri,  j 
and  27  below  the  Ifland  of  St.  Pierre,  j 
About  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  river,  | 
on  the  eaflern  (ide  of  it,  is  a  meadow  of 
many  miles  long,  and  5  or  6  broad.  In  j 
this  meadow  are  many  fmall  lakes,  com- 
municating with  each  other,  and  by  which  ' 
there  are  paffages  for  fmall  boats  or  ca-  j 
noes  ;  and  one  1  earls  to  the  Illinois  River,  j 

Piorias,  an  Indian  nation  of  the  Indiana  j 
Territory,  who,  with  the  Mitchigamias,  i 
could  fui  nilli  300  warriors,  30  years  ago, 
I'hey  inhabit  near  the  fcttlements  in  the  ; 
Illinois  country.     A  tribe   of  this  name 
inhabit  a  village  on  the  MifnUppi,  a  mile  , 
above  Fort   Chartres.     It   could  furnifli,  ' 
about  the  fame  period,  170  warriors  of 
the    Piorias    and    Mitchigamias.      They  ; 
arc  idle  and  debauched.  ! 

Piraugy,  a  river  of  Brazil,  S.  America,  i 
S  S  E  of  Rio  Grande  2nd  Point  Negro.       ;  I 

Pifca,  a  handfome  town  in  the  audi-  i| 
cnce  of  Lima  in  Peru,  with  a  good  bar-  j 
hour  and  fpacious  road.  The  country  \  j 
round  it  is  fertile,  and  it  fends  to  the  |! 
neighbouring  fettlements  quantities  of  ;  i 
fruit  and  wine.  It  formerly  ftood  a  quar-  j  I 
ter  of  a  league  farther  to  the  S,but  being  ii 
deftroyed  by  an  earthquake,  in  i68i,  it  '; 
was  removed  to  its  preftnt  fituation,  [ 
about  half  a  mile  from  the  fea.  It  is  140  I| 
miles  S  of  Lima.    S  ht.  14,  W  long.  73  2,5-  ■  \ 

P'lfcadores^  or  Fifjirrs,  two  great  rocks  1 
on  the  coafl:  of  Peru,  in  lat.  1648  S,  near  ;; 
the  broken  gap  between  Attico  andi: 
Ocona. 

Prfradorfs,  rocks  abore  the  town  of  Cal- 
lao,  in  Peru,  5  leagues  N  N  W  of  Callao 
Port.     They  are  6  in  number  ;  tli?  larg- 
eft  is  weft  of  the  port  of  Ancon  de  Rhodas,  i ! 
and  3  leagues  S  E  of  Chaucai  Port.  jl 

Pifca'-^qua.      See  Paf-aioqu't.  j 

Pifcaiuqua  Head.    See  York  County,  Maine.  I ' 

Plfcataqua^  the  ancient  nime  of  lands 
in  Maine,  fuppofed  to  comprehend  the 
lands  in  Kittcry  and  Berwick. 

Pifcataiva^yTi  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfey,  in 
Middlefcx  co.  on  Rariton  River,  6  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  luid,  in  1790,  7.,?.6i 
inhabitants.  It  is  2>-y  miles  N  E  of  ISIew 
Brunfwick,  and  14  S  W  of  Elizabeth- 
Town. 

Pifcatazaay^  a  firiall  nofl  town  o  fPriitce 


George's  co,  Maryland,  on  the  creek  of 
its  name  which  runs  W  into  Patow- 
mac  River,  oppofite  Mount  Vernon  in 
Virginia,  and  14  miles  S  of  Wafliington, 
The  town  is  t6  miles  S  Wof  Upper  Marl- 
borough, 16  N  of  Port  Tobacco,  and  67 
S  W  by  S  of  Baltimore. 

Pifco,  a  noted  harbour  on  the  coaft  of 
Peru,  in  the  province  of  Los  Reyes,  fix 
leagues  from  the  port  of  Chinca;  Lorin 
Chinca  lying  half  way  between  them. 
The  road  is  fafe  and  capacious  enough 
to  hold  the  navy  of  Spain.  The  town  is 
inhabited  by  about  300  families,  moft  of 
them  meftizoes,  nuilattoes,  and  negroes ; 
the  whites  being  much  the  fmalltfl:  num- 
ber. It  has  3  churches,  and  a  chapel  for 
Indians ;  lies  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
fea,  and  123  miles  S  of  Lima.  The  ruins 
of  the  ancient  town  of  Pifca,  are  ftill  vifi- 
ble,  extending  from  the  fea  (liore  to  the 
New  town.  It  was  deftroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake and  inundation,  on  Oct  19th,  1680. 
The  fea,  at  that  time,  retired  half  a  league, 
and  returned  with  fuch  fury,  that  it  j)ver- 
flowed  almoft  as  much  land  beyond  its 
bounds.     S  lat.  i^,  36,  W  long.  76  15. 

Pifs-Pot,  a  bay  on  the  S  llhore  of  the 
Straits  q^f  Magellan,  in  the  Long  Reach, 
8  leagues  W  by  N  of  Cape  Notch.  S  lat. 
S:^    r4,  W  long.  75  12. 

Pijlolet,  a  large  bay  at  the  N  point  of 
Newfoundland, fetting  up  from  the  Strait'* 
of  Beiide.  Its  weftern  fide  is  formed  by 
Cape  Normaij,  and  its  eafteni  point  by- 
Burnt  Cape  ;  3  leagues  apart. 

Piuairns  JJland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
is  6  or  7  miles  in  length,  and  1  in  breadth. 
It  has  neither  river  nor  harbour;  but  has 
feme  mountains  which  may  be  feen  15 
leagues  off  to  the  S  E.  All  the  S  fide  is 
lined  with  rocks.  S  lat.  25  4,  W  long. 
\ll  21.  The  variation  of  the  needle  off 
this  illand,  in  1767,  was  2  46  E. 

Plton  Pointy  Crreat.xX^t  S  W  point  of  the 
ifiand  of  St.  Luirfa,  in  the  W.  Indies,  and 
the  moft  wcfterly  point  of  the  illand.  It 
is  on  a  peninfula,  the  northern  part  of 
which  is  called  Point  Chimatchin. 

Pitty  a  county  in  Newbcrn  diftridl:,  N. 
Carolina,  bciunded  N  E  by  Beaufort,  and 
S  W  by  Glafgow.  It  contains  8,910  in- 
habitants, including  2,792  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Greenville. 

Pitty  /'or/,  formerly  Fortdu  ^efuc.     See 

Pltrjlvrcr. 

Pitfjlororgb,  or  Piftfourg,  the  capital  of 
Chatham  co.  N.  Carolina,  is  fituated  on  a 
t  itiog  ground,  and  contains  a  court  honfe, 
gaolj  and  about   40  ov  jO  houfes.     The 

count- V 


P  I  T 


P  I  T 


ccuntry  in  its  environs  is  rich  and  well 
cultivated ;  and  is  much  reforted  to  from 
the  maritime  parts  of  the  State  in  the 
fickly  months.  The  Hickory  Moun- 
tain is  not  far  diftant,  and  the  air  and 
water  here  are  as  pure  as  any  iii  the 
^rorld.  It  is  a6  miles  S  W  of  Hillfhor- 
ough,  36  W  of  Raleigh,  and  54  N  W  of 
Fayetteville. 

P'ltijhurgy  a  pofl:  town  of  Penhfylvania, 
the  capital  of  Alleghany  co.  fituated  on  a 
beautiful  plain  running  to  a  point.  The 
Alleghany,  which  is  a  beautiful  clear 
ftream,  on  the  N,  and  the  Monongahela, 
which  is  a  muddy  ftream,  on  the  S,  unit- 
ing below  where  Fort  du  Quefne  flood, 
form  the  majeftic  Ohio  ;  which  is  there  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  wide;  I,t88  miles  from 
its  confluence  with  the  Miffifippi,  and  500 
above  Limeftone,  in  Kentucky.  This 
town  was  laid  out  on  Pena's  plan,  in  the 
year  1765,  on  the  eaftern  bank  of  the 
Monongahela,  about  aoo  yards  from  Fort 
<iu  Qnefne,  which  was  taken  from  the 
French,  by  the  Britifli,  in  1760,  and  who 
changed  it*  name  to  Fort  Pitt,  in  honour 
of  the  late  Earl  of  Chatham.  It  contains 
between  200  and  300  houfes,  a  gaol,  court- 
Iioulb,  Prefbyterian  church,  a  church  for 
German  Lutherans,  an  academy,  %  brev/- 
cries,  and  a  diftillery.  It  has  been  lately 
foi-tified,  and  a  party  of  troops  ftationed 
in  it.  I'he  hills  on  the  Monongahela  fide 
are  very  high,  extend  down  the  Ohio,  and 
abound  with  coals.  Before  the  revolu- 
tion, one  of  thefe  coal  hills,  it  is  faid,  took 
fire  and  continued  burnin<f  8  years  ;  when 
it  was  eifet'iluaUy  extinguiflied  by  part  of 
the  hill  giving  way  and  filling  up  the  cra- 
ter. On  the  back  fide  of  the  town,  from 
Grant's  Hill,  (lb  called  from  his  army's 
being  here  cut  to  pieces  by  the  Indians) 
there  is  a  beautiful  profpcd:  of  the  two 
rivers,  wafting  along  their  feparate  flream.s 
till  they  meet  and  join  at  the  point  of  the 
town.  On  every  fide,  hills  covered  with 
trees,  appear  to  add  fimplicity  and  beauty 
to  the  fcene.  At  the  diftance  of  100  miles 
up  the  Alleghany  is  a  fmall  creek,  which, 
in  fome  places,  boils  or  bubbles  forth, 
like  the  waters  of  Hell  Gate,  in  N.  York 
State,  from  which  proceeds  an  oily  fub- 
ftance,  deemed  by  the  people  of  this  coun- 
try, Angularly  beneficial,  and  an  infallible 
cure  for  weaknefs  in  the  ftomach,  for 
rheumatic  pains,  for  fore  breafls  in  wo- 
men, bruifcs,  &c.  The  oil  is  gathered  by 
the  country  people  and  Indians,  who  boil 
it,  and  bring  it  to  Pittfburg  for  fale  ;  and 
there  is  fcarcely  a  fmgle  inhabitant  who 
Vol..  I.  K  K  k 


does  not  polTefs  a  bottle  of  it,  and  19  able 
to  recount  its  many  virtues,  and  its  many 
cures.  The  navigation  of  the  Ohio,  in  a 
dry  feafon,  is  rather  troublefome  from 
Pittfburg  to  the  Mingo  Toxvrty  about  75 
miles;  but  from  thence  to  the  Miflifippi 
there  is  always  water  enough  for  birges 
carrying  from  100  to  2.00  tons  burden, 
fuch  as  are  ufed  on  the  river  Thames,  be- 
tween London  and  Oxford,  viz.  from  ico 
to  1 20  feet  keel,  16  to  18  In  breadth,  four 
feet  in  d^rpth,  and  v/hen  loaded,  drawing 
about  3  feet  water.  During  the  feafoix 
of  the  floods  in  the  fpring,  veflcls  of  lOO 
or  'j,oo  tons  burden  may  go  from  I'ittf- 
burg  to  the  fea  with  fafety,  in  16  or  17 
days,  although  the  diftance  is  upwards  of 
2,000  miles.  It  is  178  miles  W  by  N  of 
Carlille  ;  303  in  the  fame  diredlion  from 
Philadelphia,  N  lat./.o  3144,  W  long. 
808. 

Piifjhurv  Toivnfijpy  in  Frontinac  co.  U. 
Canada,  adjoins  to  Kingfton,  hence  weft- 
ward  it  opens  into  Lake  Ontario. 

PlttsficlJ,  a  plcafant  port  town  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  in  Berkfliire  co.  6  miles  N  of 
Lenox,  58  "VV  of  Northampton,  140  W  of 
Bofton,  and  40  N  E  of  Albany.  This 
townfliip,  and  thofe  N  and  S  of  it,  on  the 
banks  of  Ho'ofatonic  River,  are  in  a  rich 
vale,  from  r  to  7  miles  wide.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1761,  and  contains  2,261 
inhabitants.  The  place  of  wor(l:iip  is  a 
very  handfome  edifice,  v.-ith  a  bell  and 
cupola,  from  whi:h  there  is  a  charming 
profpecft. 

Fittsjirld,  a  townfliip  of  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampfhirc,  incorporated  in  1782, 
and  contains  987  inhabitants.  It  was 
taken  from  Chichefler,  on  Suncook  River, 
N  E  of  Concord. 

FitisfidJ,  the  northeaflernmon:  town- 
fliip of  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  containing 
164  inhabitants.  It  has  Chittenden  S  W', 
and  Philadelphia  N  W. 

PittsfclJy  a  town  in  Otfego  co.  N.  York, 
iz  miles  W  S  W  of  Cooper  flown. 

Pittsford,  a  townlliip  of  Rutland  CO, 
Vermont,  having  1,413  inhabitants. 

PHfs  Grove,  a  village  in  Salem  co.  New 
Jerfey. 

Pittqtiottinvy  an  Indian  fcttlement  in  the 
State  of  Ohio,  at  the  mouth  of  Kurou 
River,  which  empties  into  Lake  Erie. 

Pitt's  IJland,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  near  the  main  laid,  abour 
half  way  from  Dixon's  Entrance  to  Pfince 
William's  Sound,  and  becv.eea  Crofs 
Sound  and  Port  Banks. 

Piitj'^ro'-'/ei   la  Salem  co.   New  Jerfey. 


FLA 


L  A 


Here  Is  a  port  office,  171  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Phtf.cn,  a  poft  town,  Kenncbfck  co. 
IMain^  on  Kennebeck  River,  5  miles  be- 
low Hallovvell  Hook,  22  N  by  W  of  Wif- 
caflet,  70  N  by  E  of  Portland,  187  N  by 
E  of  Boflon,  and  547  from  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  1,408  inhabitants.  Tlie  wcfl:- 
ern  part  called  Cebcfey  or  Cob^Jfee,  has  an 
Epifcopal  churchj  with  an  annual  income 
of  28  guineas,  given  by  Dr.  Gardiner  for 
the  iupport  of  an  epifcopal  minifter.  The 
W  part  of  this  town  is  called  Catdinsr, 
incorporated  in  1803. 

Pittjloivn,  a  port  town  of  Hunterdon  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  on  the  W  head  waters  of  Rar- 
iton  River,  10  miles  E  by  N  of  Alexan- 
dria on  Delaware  River,  32  N  of  Trenton, 
and  58  N  N  E  of  Philadelphia. 

Pittfo'cvn,  a  townfliip  of  RenfTelaer  co. 
N.  York,  bounded  S  by  Renlfelaerwyck 
and  Stephcntown,  and  N  by  Schadlcoke 
and  Cambridge,  It  contains  3,483  in- 
habitants. 

i*/«/'o'zf«,  a  poll  town  in  Luzerns  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Pittfyl'uania^  a  county  of  Virginia,  be- 
tween the  Blue  Ridge,  and  the  tide  wa- 
ters; bounded  S  by  N-  Carolina,  and  N 
by  Campbell  co.  ft  contains  12,697  in- 
habitants. At  the  court  houfe  is  a  poft 
office,  300  mile*  from  Wafliington. 

Piura^  the  capital  of  a  jurifdidlion  of 
the  fame  name  in  Peru,,  and  was  the  firft 
Spanilli  fettlement  in  that  country ; 
founded  in  1531,  by  Don  Francilco  Pi- 
zarro,  who  alfo  built  the  firft  church  in 
it.  It  contains  about  1,500  inhabitants. 
I'he  houfes  arc  generally  of  one  ftory, 
built  of  unburnt  bricks,  or  of  a  kind  of 
cane,  called  quincas.  THe  climate  is  hot 
and  dry.     S  lat.  5  i-r-,  W  long.  80  5. ' 

Placentia  Bay,  on  the  S  COaft  of  Ncw- 
foundlandjopens  between  Chapeau- Rouge 
Point  W,  and  Cape  St.  Mary's  on  the  E 
15^  leagues  apart ;  lying  between  lat.  46 
So  30, and  47  54  N,  and  between  long.  54 
I,  and  55  21  30  W,  It  is  very  fpacious, 
has  fevcral  iflands  towards  its  head,  and 
forois  a  good  harbour  for  fliips  ;  and  is 
frequented  by  fuch  veflels  as  are  bound 
cither  into  the  gulf  or  river  of  St.  Law- 
rence. The  port  town  which  gives  name 
to  the  bay  is  on  the  eaftern  fliore  ;  67 
leagues  to  the  E  of  the  ifland  of  Cape 
JBrcton  ;  40  milts  W  by  S  of  St.  John's, 
s.^d  in  hit.  47  15  N,  and  long.  55  13  W. 
The  harbour  is  lb  very  capacious,  that 
150  f,iil  of  rtiip.i  may  lie  in  fccurity,  and 
«?iii',  f.iii  .!:  quietly  as  in  any  river.    The 


entrance  into  it  Is  i)y  a  narrow  ckannal  :, 
which  will  admit  but  one  ftiip  at  a  time. 
Sixty  fail  of  fhips  can  conveniently  dry 
their  iilli  on  the  Great  Strand,  iviiich  lies 
between  z  ftcep  hills,  and  is  about  3  miles 
long.  One  of  the  hills  is  feparated  frora 
the  ftrand,  by  a  fmall  brook  which  runs 
oxitofthe  channel,,and  forms  a  fort  of 
lake,  called  the  Little  Bay,  in  which  are 
caught  great  quantities  of  falmon.  The 
inhabitants  dry  their  fiih  on  what  ia  call- 
ed the  Tittle  Strand.  The  French  hac( 
formerly  a  fort  called  St.  Louis,  fituated 
on  a  ridge  of  dangerous  locks,  which 
contracts  the  entrance  into  the  harbour. 
This  ridge  niuft  bg  left  on  the  ftarboard, 
going  in. 

Plain  dii-  Nor  J,  a  town  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  at  theS  E  cor- 
ner of  Bay  de  TAcul,  and  on  the  road 
from  Cape  Francois  to  Port  de  Paix,  five 
leagues  W  by  S  of  the  Cape,  and  13  S  E 
by  E  of  Port  de  Paix. 

Plahifuld.,  formerly  St.  AndrtnvsyA  town- 
fliip in  Caledonia  co.  Vermont,  100  miles 
N  E  from  Bennington.  It  contains  ajjS 
inhabitants. 

Pluhifiddy  a  townfhip  of  Hampflnre  co. 
MalTachufetts.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1785,  and  contains  79,7  inhabitants,  xiz, 
miles  W  of  Bofton. 

Plainjieid^  a  townfliip  Iri  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  has  1,157  inhabitant*. 

Plaiiifield,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  W  cor- 
ner of  Chefliirc  co.  N.  Hampfliire,  on  tiie 
E  bank  of  Connetiticut  River,  which  fep- 
arates  it  from  Hartland  in  Vermont.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1.761,,  and  contains 
1,435  inhabitants. 

Plainfeld,  a  poft  town  in  the  S  E  pr>rt 
of  Windham  co.  Conne<£licut,  on  the  eaft 
fide  of  Qninabaug  River,  which  divides 
it  from  Brooklyn  and  Canterbury.  It  i* 
in  general  a  rich  foil,  under  good  cultiva- 
tion, well  watered  by  the  Qninabaug  and 
Moofup  Rivers,,  and  many  brooks  and 
rivulets.  It  has  %  congregational  meeting- 
houfcs,  an  academy,  with  three  handfome 
buildings  appropriated  to  its  ufc.  The 
town  was  fettled. ia  1689,  principally  by 
people  from  Chelmsford  in  MafTachufetts . 
It  is  14  miles  N  E  from  Norwich,  30  W 
from  Providence,  40  E  from  Hartford,  14 
E  from  Windham,  414  N  E  from  Wafli- 
ington, and  contains  1,619  inhabitants. 
The  marks  of  an  Indian  burying  place 
are  vifible  a  few  rods  N  E  from  the  prtl- 
ent  burying  ground. 

Plulfancd,  a  town  on  the  middle  of  the 
neck  of  the  N  peninfula  of  St,  Domingo  ; 


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i-x  U  agufs  S  W  of  Cape  Francois,  and  7 
N  of  I^es  Gonavcs. 

Flaintain  Garden  Rlver^  at  the  E  end  of 
tlie  idand  of  Jamaica,  and  N  by  \V  of 
Point  Morant.  I'herc  is  a  kind  of  bay 
at  its  mouth  ;  and  on  it,  within  land,  is 
the  town  of  Bath. 

PlaJIoiv,  (M-  Plaijlo^ji^  3  tov/nfliip  in  the 
S  E  part  of  Rockingham  co.  New  Flamp- 
fliire,  i'eparatcd  from  Haverhill  in  Mafla- 
chufetts,  (of  which  it  was  formerly  a 
part)  by  the  fouthern  State  line.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1749,  and  contains  459 
inhabitants;  i£  or  14  miles  S  W  of  Exe- 
ter. 

Plata  Cays  or  Keys^  a  large  fandbarrk 
from  10  to  14  leagues  N  of  the  N  coafl; 
of  the  ifiand  of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  nearly 
J  o  leagues  in  length,  at  W  by  N,  and  from 
'i.  .to6  miles  in  breadth.  I'he  E  end  is 
nearly  due  N  of  Old  Cape  Francois. 

Plata^  an  illand  on  tke  coaft  of  Quito, 
in  Peru,  4  or  5  leagues  W  N  W  from  Cape 
St.  Lorenzo,  and  in  lat.  i  10  S.  It  is  4 
miles  long  and-i^  broad,  and  afFords  lit- 
tle elfe  than  grafs  and  I'mall  trees.  The 
anchoring  places  are  on  the  eafl.fide  near 
the  middle  of  the  ifland. 

Plata^  River  de  la,  is  one  of  the  largeft 
rivers  on  this  globe,  and  falls  into  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean  between  Capes  St.  An- 
thony fouthward,  and  St.  Mary  on  the 
northward,  which  ate  about  150  miles 
apart.  It  acquires  this  name  after  the 
juncflion  of  the  Parana  and  Paraguay, 
and  Itparates  JBrazil  from  the  -Defer t 
Coaft.  Its  navigation,  although  very 
cxtenfive,  is  rather  dangerous,  on  ac- 
count of  the  number  of  fandy  iflands  and 
rocks  in  its  channel,  which  are  perhaps 
difficult  toavoid.  by  reafon  of  the  currents 
and  different  fets  of  the  tide,  which  they 
produce.  'For  thefc  and  other  xeafons, 
Ihips  feldom  enter  this  river,  nnlefs  urged 
by  nectflity ;  efpecially  as  there  are  many 
hays,  harbour*,  and  parto  on  the  coafl: 
vvhere  vefTtls  can  find  good  and  fafe  an- 
chorage. The  water  is  fwcet,  clears  the 
kings,  and  is  faid  to  be  a  Specific  againfl: 
rheums  and  deSusions  ;  but  is  of  a  petri- 
fying quality.  See  Paraguay ,  for  a  more 
particular  account.  Cape  St.  Anthony 
is  in  lat.  36  3a  S,  and  long.  36  34  W. 

Plata,  a  city  of  Peru,  in  S.  America,  in 
the  province  of  Charcas,  built  in  1539. 
It  flands  on  a  fmall  plain,  environed  l)y 
eminences,  which  defend  it  from  all 
winds.  The  air  in  fummer  is  very  mild; 
nor  is  there  any  ronfiderable  difference 
ivhrou^hcut  the  year,  except  in  the  winter 


months,  viz.  May,  June,  and  July,  when 
tempcfts  pf  thunder  and  lightning  and 
rain  are  frequent  ;  but  all  the  other  parts 
of  tlie  year  the  air  is  ferene.  The  houfes 
have  delightful  gardens  planted  with  Eu- 
ropean fruit  trees,  but  water  is  very 
fcarct  in  the  city.  It  has  a  large  and  ele- 
gant catliedral,  adorned  with  paintings 
and  gildings,  a  church  for  Indians,  nn 
hofpital,  and  -2,  nunneries  ;  and  contains 
about  14,000  inliabitants.  Here  are  alfo 
an  univerfity  and  2  colleges,  in  which 
lectures  on  all  the  fcienccs  are  read.  In 
its  vicinity  are  mines  of  fdver  in  the 
mountain  of  Porco ;  which  have  been 
negle(5led  fmce  thofe  of  Potofi  were  dif- 
covered.  It  is  feattd  on  the  river  of  Chim- 
do,  500  miics  S  E  of  Cufco.  S  lat.  1916, 
W  long.  63  40.  The  jurifdidtion  of  this 
name  is  coo  Icagu-es  in  leaigt.h,  and  loo 
in  breadth,  extending  on  each  lide  of  the 
famous  river  La  Plata.  In  winter  the 
nights  are  cold,  but  thedays  mijderatelv 
warm.  The  frofl:  is  neither  violent  nor 
lafting,  and  the  i"rio;v«  arc  very  iuconGd- 
erable. 

Plate,  Msrte  de^  a  mountainous  fettle- 
ment  near  the  centre  of  the  ifland  •f  St. 
Domingo,  towards  its  eaflcrn  extremity, 
15  leagues  N  of  the  mouth  of  Macoriz 
River,  and  16  to  the  N  E  of  the  city  of 
St.  Domingo.  It  was  formerly  a  flourilli- 
ing  place,  and  called  a  city ;  but  the  whole 
parifli  does  not  now  contain  above  600 
fouls.  Two  leagues  N  E  of  it  \i  the 
wretched  fettlcmcnt  of  Boya,  to  wliich 
the  cacique  Henri  retired,  with  thefinail 
remnant  of  Indians,  when  the  cruelties  of 
the  Spaniard?,  in  the  reign  of  Charles  V. 
had  driven  him  to  a  revolt.  There  does 
not  now  exift  one  pure  defcendant  of 
their  race. 

Plate,  Point,  tliC  N  po.nt  of  tlie  entrance 
into  Port  Dauphin,  on  the  E  coafl  of  the 
Ifland  of  Cape  Breton. 

Plate,  Port  de,  on  the  N  coafl:  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, is  overlooked  l)y  a  white  moun- 
tain, and  lies  z^  leagues  W  of  Old  Cape 
Francois.  It  has  3  f<ithoms  water  at  its 
enti-ance,  but  diminjllies  within ;  and  is 
but  an  indifferent  harbour.  The  bottom 
is  in  fome  parts  fliarp  rocks,  capable  of 
cutting  the  cables.  A  veffel  muftjon  enter- 
ing, keep  very  clofe  to  the  point  of  the 
breaker, neartheeaftern  fort;  when  in, flic 
anchors  in  the  middle  of  the  port.  'Jhc 
carton  of  Port  de  Plate  al)our.ds  in  mine? 
of  gold,  lilver  and  copper.  There  are  al- 
fo mines  of  plafl:er.  It  is  unhealthy,  from 
the  cuftom  which  the  inhabitants  have' 


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of  drinking  the  water  of  a  ravin.  It  has 
a  handfomc  church  and  about  Z>500  in- 
habitants. 

Piijie,  Forme,  La,  a  town  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  N  pcninfula  of  St.  Domingo,  13 
leagues  S  E  by  S  of  tlit  Mole.  N  lat  19 
36,  W  long,  from  Paris,  75  4c. 

P/afte,  or  Skalloiv  River,  a  weftern 
branch  of  the  Miflouri,remarkal)le  for  its 
quickfa'.ids  and  bad  navigalion.  On  this 
river,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Mif- 
fouri,  dwells  the  nation  of  the  Oilolailos, 
commonly  called  Otcs,  confiding  of  about 
ceo  vvarriors,  among  whom  are  %s  or  30 
of  the  Millhuries,  who  took  refuge  among 
them  about  the  year  1778.       Jifferfoiu 

Platte,  La,  a  iVnall  river  of  Vermont 
which  falls  into  Lake  Champlain  at  Shel- 
burne. 

Piatfoym,  a  bay  on  the  N  coafl  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Platijhurgh,  a  pofb  town  in  Clinton  co. 
New  York,  on  the  W  margin  of  L.  Cham- 
plain,  about  300  miles  Nof  N.  York  city, 
and  nearly  that  diftance  S  of  Quebec. 
From  the  S  part  of  the  town  the  moun- 
tains trend  away  wide  from  the  lake,  and 
leave  a  charming  trat^  of  excellent  land, 
of  a  ricli  loam,  well  watered,  and  about 
an  equal  proportion  fuitable  for  meadow 
and  for  tillage.  The  land  rifes  in  a  gen- 
tle alccnt  for  feveral  miles  from  the  lake, 
of  which  every  farm  will  have  a  delightful 
vicv/.  Here  are  a  houfe  for  public  wor- 
Ihjp,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  The  court 
of  common  pleas  and  general  feflions  of 
the  peace  fit  here  twice  a  year;  tliey 
have  artizans  of  almofl:  every  kind  among 
them,  and  furnifh  among  themfelves  all 
the  materials  for  building,  glafs  excepted. 
Polite  circles  may  here  be  found,  and  the 
genteel  traveller  may  be  entertained  with 
the  luxuries  of  a  fea-port,  a  tune  on  the 
harpfjchord,  and  a  philofbphicf.l  conver- 
sation.    It  contains  1,400  inhabitants. 

Play  Green,  or  Pufcacogan,  in  U.  Canada, 
lies  near  the  N  fliore  of  Winnipeg  Lake, 
in  lat.  $},  S7>^  and  long.  97  54. 

Phafant  Point,  a  N  E  head  land  in 
Merry  Meeting  Bay,  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

Phafant  Point,  a  fertile  and  pleal'antly 
fituated  point  of  land,  on  the  weftern 
bank  of  the  PaiTamaquoddy  River,  about 
15  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
and  4  above  Moofc  Ifland.  On  this  point 
refide  the  rem.ains  of  the  PafTamaquoddy 
tribe  of  Indians,  confifling  of  about  400  in 
number,  and  thought  to  be  on  tlie  decline. 
They  have  a  Roman  Catholic  Priefl,  who 
adoiiuiflers  the  ordinarices,  and  lately  a 


refpeiftable  meeting  houfe,  with  a  bell, 
has  been  eredled,  at  the  expenfe  of  the 
State.  They  are  entirely  unacquainted 
with  the  arts  of  agriculture,  their  employ- 
ment in  the  fummer  being  that  of  fiiliing, 
and  fliooting  porpoifes,  whofe  oil  they 
cxlradl,  and  fell  to  the  Americans  for  the 
ufe  of  lamps,  and  in  winter  that  of  hunt- 
ing. They  have  feme  ideas  of  moral  ob- 
ligation, though  not  remarkable  for  their 
honefty  or  fidelity,  and  appear  to  be  in- 
clined rather  to  adopt  the  vicious  than 
the  virtuous  examples  of  their  civilized 
neighbours.  The  women  are  graceful 
and  delicate  in  their  manners,  and  modefl 
in  their  drefs.  The  men  are  fuilen  and  un- 
fociable.  During  the  revolutionary  war, 
their  friendfiup  was  cultivated  by  the  U. 
StattSjto  which  they  rendered  aconfider- 
able  fervice,  by  preventing  the  depreda- 
tions of  the  enemy  upon  our  frontiers. 

Plcafant  Point,  the  eaflem  boundary  of 
the  mouth  of  Hawk's,  or  Sandwich  River, 
in  the  harbour  of  ChebuiTro. 

Pleafunt  River,  a  fmall  village  where  is 
a  pofl  office  on  the  fca  coaft  of  Wafliing- 
ton  CO.  Maine,  and  at  the  head  of  Narra- 
guagus  Bay  ;  16  miles  N  E  of  Goldfbor- 
ougb,  and  32  W  by  S  of  Machias. 

Plain  River,  the  northern  head  water 
of  Illinois  River.  It  interlocks  with  Chi- 
cago River,  a  water  of  Lake  Michigan. 
Forty  miles  from  its  fource  is  the  place 
Ctdled  Hid  Ifland ;  26  miles  farther  it 
pafles  through  Dupage  Lake  ;  and  5  miles 
below  the  lake,  it  joins  Theakiki  River, 
which  comes  from  the  eaflward.  Thence 
the  united  fiream  afiumes  the  name  of  Il- 
linois. The  land  between  thefe  branches 
is  rich,  and  intermixed  with  fwamps  and 
ponds. 

Pluckemin,  a  town  of  fome  trade,  in 
Somerfct  co.  New  Jerfey,  28  miles  N  of 
Princeton, and  about  i  SSWof  Brunfwick. 
It  derived  its  fingular  name  from  an  old 
Irifliman,  noted  for  his  addrci's  in  taling 
in  people. 

Plue^  or  Rainy  Lake,  lies  W  by  N  of  L. 
Superior,  and  E  by  S  of  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods,  in   Upper    Canada.     The    Nar- 
rows are  in  N  lat.     -     - 
Fort  Lac  la  Piuc 
Uland  Portage 
At  the  Barrier 
Long.  95  8  30  W. 
}       Plum  IJland,  on  the  coafl:  of  Mafiachu- 
1  fetts,  is  about  9   miles  long,  and  half  a 
j  mile  broad,  extending  from  the  entrance 
j  of  Ipfwich  River  S,  nearly  a  N  courfe  to 
'  the  mouth  of  Merrimack  River,  and  is 
'  IVparated 


49 

3 

% 

48 

ZS 

49 

50 

7 

31 

50 

7 

5t 

^      S.; 


PLY 

feparated  from  the  main  land  by  a  nar- 
row found,  called  Plum  llland  River, 
which  is  fordable  in  feveral  places  at  low 
water.  It  coufifts  for  the  moft  part  of 
fand  blown  into  ludicrous  heaps,  and 
crowned  with  bufhcs  bearing  the  beach 
plum.  Thefe  heaps  of  fand  are  lO,  15 
and  35  feet  high.  On  examining  the 
ground  it  appears  that  formerly  the  fur- 
face  was  very  level,  but  a  few  teet  above 
the  tide,  covered  with  a  fliallow,  black 
foil,  over  a  bed  of  fand.  As  winds  or 
any  other  caufe  broke  the  foil,  the  fand 
beneath  began  to  be  blown,  and  lodge  in 
the  bunches  of  plum  buflics.  Thefe  ftiug- 
gling  for  Ufe,  grew  and  rcfe  higher  and 
higher ;  and  the  fand  conftantly  accumu- 
lating, produced  the  prefent  appearances. 
In  many  places  the  black  foil  is  now  vifible 
at  the  bafe  of  the  pile,  whence  the  roots  of 
the  buflics  at  the  top  proceed.  There  is  a 
valuable  property  of  fait  marfli,  and  at 
the  S  end  of  the  ifland,  are  a  or  3  good 
farms.  On  the  N  end  itand  the  light 
houfes,  and  the  remains  of  a  wooden  fort, 
built  during  the  war,  for  the  defence  of 
the  harbour.  On  the  fea  fliore  of  this 
ifland,  and  on  Salifbury  beach,  the  Mer- 
rimack Humane  Society  have  eredied  fev- 
eral fmall  houfes,  furniflied  with  fuel  and 
other  conveniences,  for  the  relief  of  mari- 
ners who  may  be  fiiipwrecked  on  this 
coaft.  The  N  end  lies  in  lat.  43  4  N,  and 
long.  70  47  W,     See  Ncivbury  Pott. 

Plumb  JJland,  on  the  N  E  ccaft  of  Long 
iHand,  in  the  State  of  N,  York,  is  annexed 
to  Southhold  in  Suflield  co.  It  contains 
about  800  acres,  and  fupports  7  families.  It 
isfertile,and  produces  wheat,  corn, butter, 
cheefe,  and  wool.  It  is  three  fourths  of 
a  mile  from  the  eaftern  point  of  South- 
hold.  This  ifland,  with  the  fandy  point 
of  Gardner's  Ifland,  form  the  entrance  of 
Gardner's  Bay. 

Plumb  Pchit,  Great,  on  the  S  coafl:  of 
the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  forms  the  S  E  limit 
of  the  peninfula  of  Port  Royal,  which 
fiielters  the  harbour  of  Kingfton.  Little 
Plumb  Point  lies  weftward  of  the  former, 
towards  the  town  of  Port  Royal,  on  the  S 
fide  of  the  peninfula. 

Plumjicad,  a  poft  town  of  Pcnnfylvania, 
fituated  on  the  VV  ftde  of  Delaware  River, 
36  miles  N  of  Philadelphia,  and  13.  S  by 
\V  of  Alexandria,  in  Npw  Jerfey. 

Plymouth,  ;t  maritime  county  in  the  eaft- 
ern  part  of  the  State  of  Maflachafetts, 
having  Mafl~achufetts  Bay  to  the  N  E, 
Briflol  CO.  S  W,  Barnftable  co.  S  E,  and 
Norfolk  CO.  N  W,     It  contains  30.073  in- 


P  L  Y 

habitants,  and  is  fubdivided  into  15  tnwn- 
fliips,  of  which  Plymouth  is  tiie  chief. 
Within  the  counties  of  Piymcu£l\  and 
Briftol,  there  were,  in  1796,  in  optration, 
14  blafl:  and  6  air  furnaces,  ao  forges,  7 
flitting  and  rolling  mills,  beiicies  a  num- 
ber of  trip-hammer  fliops,  and  an  ahnolt 
incredible  number  of  nail-iliops,  and  ot!:- 
ers  for  common  fmithcry.  'J'hefe  fur- 
naces, fupplied  from  the  neiglibouring 
mines,  produce  annually  from  1,500  to 
1,800  tons  of  iron  ware.  The  forges,  on 
an  average,  manufacture  more  than  1,000 
tons  annually,  and  the  flitting  and  roll- 
ing mills  at  leaft  1,500  tons.  The  vari- 
ous manufacSlures  of  thefe  mills  have 
given  rife  to  many  other  branches  in  iron 
and  fleel,  viz.  cut  and  hammered  nails, 
fpadcs  and  fliovcls,  card  teeth,  faws, 
fcythes,  metal  buttons,  cannon  balls,  bells , 
fire  arms,  &c.  In  thefe  counties  are  alfo 
manufaiflurcd  hand-bellows,  corabs,{lieet- 
iron  for  the  tin  manufadlure,  wire,  liu- 
feed  oil,  fuuff,  ftone  and  earthen  ware. 
The  iron-works,  called  the  Federal  Fur- 
nace, are  7  miles  from  Plymouth  harbour. 
Plymouth^thc  capital  of  che  above  coun- 
ty, is  42  miles  S  from  Bofton ;  a  poft  town 
and  port  of  entry ;  bounded  northerly  by 
Kingfton,  and  a  line  extending  acrofs  the 
harbour  to  the  Gurnet  ;  weftcrly  by  Car- 
iter ;  foutherly  by  Warebam  and  Sandivich^ 
and  eafterly  by  the  fea.  The  townflaip  is 
extenfive,  containing  more  than  80  fquare 
miles.  It  is  about  16  miles  in  len5;th,  and 
more  than  5  in  breadth.  The  number 
of  inhabitants,  by  the  cenfas  of  1791, 
was  2,995.  The  'Toivn,  or  principal  fet- 
tlemcnt,  which  contains  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  inhabitants,  is  on  the  north- 
eafterly  part  of  the  towniliip,  near  a 
ftream  called  the  Toivn  Broii,  which  flows 
from  a  large  pond,  bearing  the  name  of 
BiUiiigion  Sea.  One  main  ftrect  crofl'ts  the 
ftream,  and  is  interfc^iled  by  three  crofs 
ftreets,  extending  to  the  fliore  :  aiidther 
ftreet  runs  wcfterly  on  the  north  fide  of 
the  brook.  The  town  is  coiapacflly  built, 
and  contains  about  .ioo  dwelling-lioufct, 
(the  greater  part  of  which  are  on  the 
north  lide  of  the  Town  Brook)  a  haud- 
fome  meeting  houfe,  court  houfe,  and 
gaol.  There  are  two  precludes  ;  one  in- 
cludes the  town,  and  the  diilrick  of  Hrbhi* 
Hole,  and  Eel  River  ;  the  other  is  at  Mon- 
umt'.-tt  Ponds,  a  village  lying  about  7  nii!e« 
S  from  the  town,  beyond  the  iiigh  lands 
of  Monument.  The  foil  near  the  coaft  is 
generally  good  ;  the  refidue  of  the  town- 
rt7ip  is  barren,  and  notv,  ithftandinir  the 
antii.|nity 


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PLY 


smiquity  of  the  fcttlement,  is  yet  a  forcft. 
The  wood  is  principally  pine,  thoogh 
^here  are  many  tra<£ts  covered  with  oak. 
The  harbour  is  capacious,  but  fliallow, 
and  is  formed  by  a  long  and  narrow  nf  ck 
of  land,  called  Salthcufe  Bcach^  extending 
fouthcrly  from  Marflifield,  and  tcrmiiia- 
ting  at  the  Gurnet  Head,  and  by  a  fmaller 
beach  within,  running  in  an  opjufite  di- 
rctflion,  and  connected  with  tiie  main 
land  near  Eel  River,  about  3  miies  from 
the  town.  There  is  a  light  houfe  on  the 
Gurnet,  and  on  Salthojtfe  Bcacb  is  placed 
one  of  the  huts  erctfted  and  maintained 
by  the  Humane  Society  af  Maflachufetts, 
for  the  reception  and  relief  cjf  fhipwreck- 
cd  mariners.  There  is  a  breach  in  the 
inner  beach,  which  expofcs  the  IJiipping, 
even  at  the  wharves,  during  an  taileriy 
ftorm. 

The  principal  hufinefs  of  the  town  is 
the  cod jl/bery,  in  which  are  employed 
a,ooo  tons  of  fl)ipping,  and  about  300 
men  annually.  There  are  a  few  coafting 
vcffels  belonging  to  the  place,  and  2  brigs  ; 
nnd  10  or  12  fchooucrt,  employed  in  for- 
eign trade.  Many  of  the  iifliing  veffels 
make  voyages  to  the  fouthern  States,  in 
the  winter  feafon.  The  exports,  which, 
at  the  commencement  of  the  prefent  fed- 
eral government,  were  very  inconfidcra- 
ble,  not  exceeding  8,000  or  9,000  dollars 
annually,  are  now  rcfpcAable.  In  1795, 
they  exceeded  70,000  dollar s,and  in  17,96, 
they  amounted  to  near  130,000  dollars. 
Formerly  the  produce  of  the  lifhcry  was 
Icld  at  Bofton,or  Salem  ;  it  is  now  almofl: 
%vh()lly  exported  from  the  town,  andcon- 
fiderable  tjuantities  of  fifla  have  been  late- 
ly purchafed  at  Bofton,  and  exported 
from  Plymouth.  The  proceeds  of  the 
foreign  voyages  are  generally  conveyed 
to  Bofton  for  a  market. 

The  ioffes  and  i'ufFerings  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  Plymouth,  during  the  war  for 
independence,  were  extreme.  Their  vef- 
fels  were  almoft  all  captured  or  left.  The 
men  who  ufed  to  be  employed  in  them, 
vfcrt  difperfed  in  the  fea  and  land  fervice, 
in  which  many  of  them  loft  their  lives; 
a  great  number  of  widows  and  orphans 
were  left  deftitute  ;  bulinefs  languiflied  ; 
iioufes,  ftores,  and  wharves  went  to  de- 
cay, and  a  general  appearance  of  poverty 
and  deprtflion  prevailed.  A  few  years 
cf  peace  and  good  government  hai'e  re- 
vtri'cd  this  melancholy  ftate  of  things. 
A  young,  induftrious,  and  cntcrprizing 
r^cc  of  I'eamcn  has  fucceeded  to  tliofe 
Vvho  are  ponc  ;  bufincfshiifc  revived  ;  the 


navigation  and  commerce  of  the  pls^e 
are  more  refptdtable  than  at  any  former 
period  ;  the  houfes  are  in  good  repair, 
many  new  ones  are  erected,  and  a  fpirit 
of  enterprise  ^nd  improvement  is  appar- 
ent. An  acadenjy  is  contemplated:  a 
vkluable  flitting  n)ill,  and  other  works, 
are  eredted  on  the  'Town  Brook.  A  ftage, 
which  goes  twice  a  week  to  Bofton,  is 
well  fupportfd ;  and  an  aquedutft  ff)r 
bningtng  frefli  water  to  the  hunfcs  of  the 
inhabitants  is  more  than  half  completed. 
The  townfliip  abounds  wit'h  ponds  and' 
ftreams.  More  than  ico  ponds  apjiear 
on  the  map  lately  taken  by  a  committee 
of  the  town,  and  tranfmitted  to  the  Sec- 
retary's cfficc.  BHlirgton  Sea  is  about  2 
miles  frftm  the  town,  and  covers  near  300 
acres.  From  the  ftream  flowing  from  this 
pond,  the  aquedudt  will  be  fupplied. 
Soutb  Potid  is  much  larger.  Further  S  is 
Half  IVay  Fond  and  Long  Pond.  Near 
Sandwich  line  is  the  Greet  Herring  Pond. 
To  Billington  Sea,  Halfway  Pond,  and 
the  Great  Herring  Pond,  alcwivcs  refort 
in  their  feafon  in  great  abundance.  The 
Great  Herring  Fond  has  been  contemplat- 
ed as  a  refervoir  for  the  projexSed  canal 
acrofs  the  iflhmus  between  Buzzard  and 
Barnjlable  Bays.  Many  of  the  ponds 
abound  with  white  and  red  perch,  pike, 
and  other  frefli  water  fifli ;  and  in  the 
numerous  brooks  which  run  into  the  fea 
in  diflcrent  parts  of  the  townfhip,  are 
found  excellent  trout.  Thefe  ponds  and 
ftreams  arc  often  the  fcenes  of  amufe- 
ment  for  parties  of  both  fcxes,iu  the  fum- 
nier  feafon. 

At  the  village  of  Monument  Ponds  and 
Eel  River,  and  in  fome  other  parts  of  the 
townfliip,  many  of  the  inhabitants  are 
farmers.  In  the  '7o7t«,  the  gardens  arc 
numerous  and  well  cultivated,  and  when 
aided  by  the  aqueduct,  will  be  produtSb- 
ive  equal  to  the  wants  of  the  inhabitants. 

The  fituation  of  the  town  is  pleafant 
and  -hcakhful.  The  eafterly  winds  of  the 
Spring,  however,  arc  diftrefung  to  pcr- 
fons  of  tender  habits,  and  are  uncomfort- 
able even  to  the  robuft.  The  market  is 
not  regularly  fupplied.  Fuel,  fifli,  poul- 
try, and  wild  fowl  are  plentiful  and  cheap- 
er, perhaps,  than  in  any  other  fea- port  of 
the  lize.  The  people  are  fober,  friendly, 
and  induftrious.  It  is  the  firft  ftttlemei^ 
in  New- England,  and  is  peopled,  princi- 
pally, by  the  defcendants  of  the  ancient 
ilock.  But  few  foreigners  arc  among 
them.  Tiic  rocL  on  winch  their  foiefath- 
er?  firft  Undc«i,  vas  conveyed,  in  i7  74-» 

from 


PLY 


P  O  G 


from  the  fliore  to  a  fquarc  in  the  centre  i 
vi  the  town.  I'hc  fentimental  traveller 
will  not  fail  to  view  it  ;  and  if  iie  is  paff-  . 
fng  to  Cape  Cod,  he  will  pauie  a  moment 
at  Clampi*<idi"v  Pern!,,  about  ",  miles  from 
the  town,  where  the  people  in  ancient 
days,  when  travcllino;  from  the  Cape  to 
attend  the  courts  of  Plymouth,  ufed  to 
(it  and  regale  themfelves  with  the  clams 
and  pudding  which  .tbey  brought  with 
them.  A  few  miles  further  fouth,  on  the 
Time  road,  are  ihtfasrijlje  rocks,  which  are 
covered  with  the  dry  limbs  of  trees  and 
pine  knots,  lieaped  upon  them  by  the  In- 
dians as  tl>ey  pafs  by,  in  cbfervance  of  an 
ancient  ufage^  the  origin  of  which  is  un- 
certain. 

The  cheapnefs  of  Kvhig,  the  plenty  of 
fuel,  and  the  convenient  mill-fcats  which 
are  to  be  found  in  Plymouth,  will  prob- 
ably render  it,  at  fome  future  period,  a 
eonfiderable  munufa(5turing  town.  Do- 
meflic  manufactures  are  now  very  gener- 
al there.  Fifliery  and  foreign  commerce 
at  prefent  engage  almoft  all  the  a<5live 
•apital  of  the  town  ;  but  the  contingen- 
cies to  which  they  arc  expofcd  may  lead 
to  fome  other  fources  of  employment  and 
profit, 

la  the  three  laft  quarters  of  ij<)()r  the 
exports  were  as  fallows  : 

Second  quarter,  56,143  doUs. 

Third  ditto,  36,634 

Fourth  ditto,  36,006 

In  the  iirft  quarter  of  the  prefent  year, 
(1797)  they  amounted  only  to  11,466 
dollars.  This  diminution  has  been  pro- 
duced by  the  apprehenfions  excited  by 
the  depredations  of  the  French  on  the 
Gommeree  of  the  United  States. 

Plymouth,  a  town  in  Litchfield  co.  Con- 
aecllcut,  containing    17 91  inhabitants, 

Plymouth,  a  poft,  and  half  fliire  town  in 
Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliirc,  at  the  mouth 
of  Baker's  River,  on  its  S  fide,  where  it 
falls  into  the  river  PemigewalTet;  45 
miles  N  of  Concord,  7 1  N  W  of  Portf- 
mouth,  and  445  N  E  of  Philadelphia. 
The  townlliip  was  incorporated  in  1763, 
and  contains  743  inhabitants. 

Plymvuth^  a  town  of  N,  York,  in  Onon- 
dago  CO.  lately  laid  out  and  named  hy 
E.  Watfon,  Efq.  a  native  of  Plymouth, 
New  England.  The  town  lies  about  la 
■liles  S  E  of  Geneva,  on  a  beautiful  de- 
clivity on  the  E  fide  of  Seneca  Lake,  and 
commands  a  charming  and  extenfive  view 
of  the  whole  Uke.  I'he  to\?n  plat  is  in 
the  townlliip  of  Roniuhjs,  on  tiic  fpot 
^j'raerly  called  A-^^^U  '/*«■;?,  and  was  tlie 


head  quarters  of  the  Seneca  Indians,  vihi* 
were  conquered  and  difpcrfed  by  Gen. 
Sul'ivan,  in  his  weftern  expedition  in 
1779.  'T^^^'^  iJtuation  is  heaithful  and 
pleafant,  well  watered  by  copious  living 
fprings  ;  upwards  of  ao  houfes  were  built 
here  in  1796.  The  new  State  road  in- 
terfciSls  thiitown;  and  here  is  a  ferry 
acrofs  tlie  lake  to  another  thrlvlug  towa 
on  the  oppofite  fide. 

Plymouth  Company'' s  Patent,  Szc.  In  164O,. 
Atitipas  B-Aei  &  Co.  \purchafed  of  the  col- 
ony of  New-Plymouth,  and  of  the  In- 
dians, for  j^400  fterling,  paid  in  1661,  .i 
tract  of  land,  in  the  diftrict  of  Maine,  ex- 
tending, on  the  fea-coaft,  15  miles  on  each 
fide  the  mouth  of  Xxnnebcc  River,  and 
up  faid  river,  the  fame  width,  to  a  place 
called  Wtfferunfetty  iituated  on  the  E  fide 
of  the  river,  where  it  bends  weftward  to- 
wards Norridgwalk.  A  great  part  of  this 
valuable  tradl  has  been  fold  and  fettled. 
The  Plymouth  Company,  which  flill  ex- 
ifls,  have  yet  in  pofTerfion  conhderable 
portions  of  the  original  purchafe. 

Plymauthy  the  name  of  two  town/liips 
in  Pennfylvania,  the  one  in  Luzerne  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Montgomery.  The 
former  has  746,  the  latter  57.4  inhabitants, 

Plymouth,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, on  the  S  fids  of  Roanoke  River, 
about  5  miles  above  Albemarle  Sound. 
It  is  23  miles  S  W  by  S  of  Edenton,  and 
463  from  Philadelphia. 

Plymoutby  a  ftttlement  on  the  S  penin- 
fula  of  St.  Domingo,  and  in  the  depen- 
dence of  Jeremie. 

Plymouih-Toivn,  in  the  ifland  of  Toba- 
go, in  the  W.  Indies.  N  lat.  lo  10,  W 
long.  60  32. 

Flyfnouthy  formerly  Sa'tafli,  a  townfliip 
in  Windior  co.  Vermont,  is  miles  W  of 
WindCnr,  containing  io6  inhabitants. 

Plympton^  a.  townlliip  in  Plymouth  CO* 
MalTachufetts,.45  miles  S  Eof  Bofton.  It 
contains  881  inhabitants. 

Pocahontas,  A  town  in  CheRerficld  co. 
Virginia,  within  the  jurifdidlion  of  Peterl- 
burg  in  Dinwiddle  co.  It  probably  de- 
rives its  name  from,  the  famous  princefs 
Pocahontas,  the  daughter  gf  king  Pow- 
hatan. 

Pochekejko,  a  rivcr  of  New-Britain,  N. 
America. 

Pucomoke,  an  eaflern  water  of  Chefa- 
peak  Bay,  navigable  a  few  miles. 

PccotaligCy  a  village  of  S.  Carolina,  15 
miles  from  Combahte  Ferry,  and  67  from 
Charlcfton. 

Fogfy  Ca^Cy  the  N  E  point  of  Chaba- 
quiddick 


P  O  J 


PON 


quifidick  Ifland,  near  Martha's  Vineyard, 
MalTachuietts,  From  Holmes's  Hole  to 
this  cape  the  courfe  is  S  E  by  E,  3^ 
leagues  diflant.  In  the  channel  between 
them  there  are  11  and  17,  fathoms  water. 
N  lat.  41  .25,  W  long,  from  Gretnwigh 
70  1%. 

Pointy  a  townfliip  of  Northumberland 
CO.  Pennfylvania.  It  has  875  inhabitants. 
Poir.t  Alder  ton,  the  S  W  point  of  Bof- 
ton  harbour.  N  lat.  42  20,  W  long.  70  54. 
Point-au'Fcr,  a  place  near  the  head  or 
northern  part  of  Lake  Champlain,  within 
the  limits  of  the  United  States.  It  was 
delivered  up  by  the  Britifh  in  1796, 

Point  Ic  Pro,  the  eaftern  iitnit  of  Pafla- 
maquoddy  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  New- 
Brunfwick. 

Poinif  dcs  Peigesy  a  capc  On  the  S  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  a  leagues  W 
of  the  mouth  of  Pedernalcs  River. 

Poi;?t  Judith,  in  the  townihio  of  South- 
KlngRown,  is  the  S  extrem.-ty  of  the  weft- 
cm  iliore  of  Narraganfet  Bay  in  Rhodc- 
liland.  It  is  9  miles  S  S  W  of  Newport. 
N  lat.  41  24,  W  long.  71  s8. 

Point  Petre,  in  the  ifland  of  Guadaloupe, 
has  ftrong  fortification^,  and  lies  about  20 
miles  from  Fort  Louis. 

Point  Pleafant,  an  indifferent  village  on 
the  E  bank  of  the  Ohio,  juft  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Great  Kanhawa.  Nf.ar 
this  place  was  fought  the  memorable  bat- 
tle bftweea  a  detachment  of  Virginia 
militia,  under  Col.  Lexvis,  and  the  Shaw- 
anee  and  Delaware  Indians.  After  a 
long  and  dubious  confli(fl,  the  Virginians 
remained  mafters  of  the  field.      ElUcott. 

Poir>t  St.  Georgr,  a  point  of  land  extend- 
ing into  the  occ.ui  on  the  weftern  coaft 
of  America,  in  lat.  41  46  N,  long.  130  3 
W.  Th's  point  forms  a  bay  on  each  fide, 
and  terminates  in  a  fandy  beach.  Sev- 
eral funken  rocks  and  numerous  break- 
ers extend  to  the  foiithward  of  the  point ; 
to  the  woftvvard  are  four  rock  iflands, 
called  Dragon  Rocks,  which  completely 
guard  the  bay  on  the  N  fide  of  the  point 
from  the  S  and  S  W  winds.  The  country 
back  is  mountainous  and  barren. 

Vancouver. 
Pojaulfccul,  called  by  the  Spaniards 
Volcan  de  Orizaba,  a  celebrated  moun- 
tain in  Mexico,  or  New-Spain,  which  be- 
gan to  fend  forth  fmoke  in  IJ45,  and  con- 
tinued to  do  fo  for  ao  years;  but  for  two 
centuries  paft,  there  has  not  been  ob- 
fcrved  the  fmalleft  fign  of  burning.  The 
mountain,  which  is  of  a  conical  figure,  is 
tht  higheft  land  in  Mexico,  and  is  def- 


cried  by  feamen  who  are  ftcering  that 
way,  at  the  diftance  of  30  leagues  ;  and 
is  higher  than  the  Peak  of  Teneriffe.  Its 
top  is  always  covered  with  fnow,  and  its 
border  adorned  with  large  cedars,  pine, 
and  other  trees  of  valuable  wood,  which 
make  the  profpecSl  of  it  every  way  beau- 
tiful. It  is  90  miles  E  of  the  city  of  Mex- 
ico. 

Pohncoy  a  mountain  in  Northampton 
CO.  Pennfylvania,  22  miles  N  W  of  Eaf- 
ton. 

Poland^  a  poft  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  30  miles  N  of  Portland.  It  has 
2,125  inhabitants.  The  Little  Amarif- 
kbggin  River  runs  through  this  town,  and 
divides  it  in  nearly  equal  halves.  A 
chain  of  ponds  called  the  '*  Range  Ponds^* 
m  this  town,  flow  into  the  Little  Amarif- 
koggin,  about  5  miles  from  its  confluence 
with  the  Great  Amariikoggin.  The 
northern  part  of  this  town  is  now  ]\^tnot. 
PolUphs  IJIandy  a  fmall  rocky  ifland, 
about  80  or  100  rods  in  circurofertncc, 
at  the  northern  entrance  of  the  High 
Lands  in  Hudfon  River ;  remarkable  on- 
ly as  the  place  where  failors  require  a 
treat  of  perfons  who  have  never  before 
pafled  the  river. 

Pomalaiioyh  village  in  the  jiirifdt<5lion  of 
the  town  of  Guafuntos,  in  the  province  of 
Quito,  famous  for  the  ruins  df  a  fortrefs 
built  by  the  Incas,  or  ancient  emperors  of 
Peru. 

Pomftet,  a  townfhip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  containing  1,106  inhabitants. 
It  is  II  miles  W  of  the  ferry  on  ConneAi- 
cut  River,  in  the  town  of  Hartford,  and 
64  N  E  of  Bennington. 

Pomftet,  a  poft  town  of  ConnetSlicut,  in 
Windham  co.  It  is  40  miles  E  by  N  of 
Hartford,  66  S  W  of  Bofton,  and  264  N 
E  of  Philadelphia  ;  and  contains  a  Con- 
gregational church.  It  is  an  excellent 
townfliip  ;  the  houfes  are  handfome,  and 
the  farms  welt  cultivated.  It  was  firft: 
fettled  in  i6u6  by  emigrants  from  Rox- 
bury.  It  was  part  of  the  Majlamoqitet 
purchafe,  and  in  17 13  it  waseredled  into 
a  townfliip.  Quinabaug  River  feparatcs 
it  from  Killingly  on  the  eaft.  Inhabit- 
ants 1,802. 

Pompiortj  in  Bergen  co.  N.  Jerfey,  lies 
on  Ringwood,  a  brancii  of  Pallaik  River, 
about  23  miles  N  W  of  N.  York  city. 

Pompey,  a  poft  town  in  Onondago  co. 
N.  York,  incorporated  in  J  7  94.  It  hag 
2,332  inhabitants. 

Pmpon.     See  EJ'^o  River^  S.  Carolina. 
Pontcbartraittt  a  lake  of  W.  Florida,  on, 

the 


p  D  a 


P  O  R 


^e  raftcrn  dirlfion  of  Louifiana,  a  beau 
liful  lliect  of  water,  which  communicate; 
E  with  tlie  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W  with  I 
Miffifippi  River,  through  Lake  Mau re- 
pas  and  Ibbervillc  River.  It  is  about  40 
miles  long,  and  24  broad.  It  is  furrounded 
with  marflies,  and  the  landing  in  many 
places  is  attended  with  difficulty,  on  ac- 
count of  mud.  Towards  the  E  end,  the 
l>each  is  compofcd  of  large  bodies  of 
cockle  fhclls,  from  which  lime  is  made 
Aifficient  to  fupply  New-Orleans  and  the 
adjacent  country.  The  water  of  the  lake 
is  from  la  to  18  feet  deep.  The  follow- 
ing creeks  fall  into  it  on  the  N  fide,  viz. 
Tangipaho,  and  Le  Comble,  4  feet  deep  ; 
Chefuncfta,  7  ;  and  Bonfouca,  6 ;  and  from 
the  ifland  of  Orleans,  Tigahoc,  at  the 
mouth  of  which  was  a  fmall  poll.  The 
Bayouk  of  St.  John  aifo  communicates  on 
the  fame  llde.  The  French  inh.^hitants, 
vyho  formerly  refided  on  the  N  fide  of 
this  lake,  chiefly  employed  themfelves  in 
making  pitch,  tar,  and  turpentine,  and 
railing  flock,  for  which  the  country  is 
very  favourable.     See  Maure^as. 

HuUhlns  &  EUicott. 

Pontchartra'tn^  an  ifland  in  Lake  Supe- 
rior, S  by  W  of  Maurepas  Ifland,  and  N  ; 
W  of  Hocqnart  Ifland.  i 

Ponte  di  Dio.     See  AUyagve,  I 

Pontcque,  or  Poniique,  a  point  on  the  W  ' 
coaft  of  Mexico,  10  leagues  N  by  E  of 
Cape  Corientes,  between  which  is  the  bay  ; 
de  Valderas.  W  of  it  are  two  rmail  ifl- 
ands  of  its  name,  a  league  from  the  main. 
There  are  alfo  rocks,  called  the  Rocks  of 
Ponteq'.ie,  XO  leagues  S  W  of  the  port  of 
Mstanche!. 

Pcor  Vailfyy  a  very  long  and  mrrow 
valley  between  Stanley  Valley  and  Clinch 
Mountains. 

Poojhuu  Lake^  in  Hancock  co.  M;^ine,  9 
miles  long,  and  from  i  to  4  wide,  and 
contains  4  or  5  iflands  ;  the  largcft  of 
which  has  90  acres.  By  an  outlet  of 
about  3  miles  long,  it  empties  into  Poo-  . 
Ihau  River,  which  nuis  about  15  miles 
through  3  of  the  newly  lurvcved  town- 
Chips,  and  falls  into  Penoblcot  on  the  W  1 
fide,  oppofite  Ma-rlb's  Ifland.  I 

Pooufoomfucky  A  river  of  Vermont,  which 
runs    a  foutherly  courfc,  and  talis  into  ' 
ConneAicut   River   in   the   townihip    of 
Barnet,   near   the  Lower  bar  of  the   15 
mile    falls.     It    is    ico  yards   wide,    and  \ 
noted  for  the  quantity  and  qunlicy  of  f.il-  ■ 
nion  it  produces.     On  this    river,    which  ; 
is  fettitd  ao  miles  up,  arc  Tome  of  the  bcil  | 
rownTaips  in  tixc  *n;ite.  ! 


Pop,t  Madrcy  a  town  of  S.  America,  Ja 
Tcrra>  Firma,  jo  miles  E  of  Carthagena. 
N  l?.t.  10  13,  W  long.  74  32. 

Popayariy  a  province  of  S.  America,  in 
Ncw-Gransda,  about  400  mllts  in  length 
and  300  in  breadth.  The  country  is  un- 
healthy, but  vafl:  quantities  of  gold  are 
found  in  it.  It  is  flill  moftly  in  pofTeffiori 
of  the  native  Americans. 

Popayan^  the  capital  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, and  a  bifliop's  fee,  inhabited  chiefly 
by  Creoles.  It  is  %%q  miles  N  E  of  Qui- 
to., and  contains  20,oco  fouls. 

Poplar  Spring,  in  the  N  W  part  of  Ann 
Arundel  co.  Maryland,  near  a  brook,  3 
miles  S  of  the  W  branch  of  Pat?.pfco  Riv- 
er, on  the  high  road  from  Baltimore  to 
Frederickftown,  about  27  miles  W  of  Bal- 
timore, and  41  N  W  of  Annapolis. 

Poplin,  2l  townfliip  of  N.  Hamplhire,  in 
Rockingham  co.  12  miles  W  of  Exeter. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1764,  and  contain* 
408  inhabitants. 

Poquie  Choudie^  Si  low  flat  point  between 
the  gut  of  Chepagan  and  the  village  of 
CaraquetjOn  the  fouthern  fide  of  Chaleur 
Bay.  It  is  about  4  leagues  diftant  from 
the  gut,  in  a  S  W  diredtion.  The  ifland 
of  Caraquct,  at  the  fame  diflance  from 
the  gut,  lies  in  a  W  direcSlion  from  the 
main.  The  village  is  about  3  leagues  in 
extent ;  its  plantations,  &c.  has  a  church, 
and  a  number  of  inhabitants,  all  Roman 
Catholics-  The  oyfl:er  and  cod  iiflierie* 
are  carried  on  here. 

Porcas,  or  IJIand  of  Hogs,  lies  E  of  Sf. 
Scbaftian's  Ifland,  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil, 
and  'ZO  miles  E  of  the  Bay  of  Saints. 

Poic^Sy  Morro  di^  or  Hogs  Siriifsd,  on 
the  W  coafl:  of  N.  Mexico,  is  N  of  Point 
Kiguerra,  the  S  VV  point  of  tl.e  pcninfula 
which  forms  the  B  ly  of  PanaiDa.  From 
thence  ibijis  ufuallytake  their  departure, 
to  go  S  for  the  coafl  of  Peru. 

Porco,  a  jurifdiclion  of  S.  America,  in 
the  province  of  Charcos,  beginning  at  tlie 
VV  end  of  the  town  of  Potoli,  about  25 
leagues  from  the  city  of  La  Plata,  and. 
extending  about  20  leagues. 

Pjrci ,  a  town  in  the  above  jurifditSlio'Q, 
W  af  the  mines  of  Potofi.  S  lat.  19  40, 
W  long.  64  50. 

Pir.  I'pinf,  Cape.  See  Bloivmidoivn. 
pjr^.o>fiy  Cape,  on  the  coatl  of  York  co, 
Maine,  is  7  leagues  N  by  E  of  C'ape  Ncd- 
doek,  and  5  S  \V  of  Wood  Iflind.  It  is 
known  by  the  highlands  of  Kennebuiik, 
which  lie'  to  the  N  W  of  it.  A  vcflel  that 
draws  10  feet  water  will  be  aground  at 
low  water  m  the  harbour  htis.     It  is  fo 

aarfow. 


FOR 


FOR 


narrow,  iliat  a  vefiel  cannot  turn  round  ; 
rs  within  lOO  yards  of  the  fea,  and  fecure 
frcm  all  winds,  whether  you  have  an- 
chor or  not. 

Portage,  le  Grand,  on  I^ake  Superior,  in 
U,  Canada,  leads  from  the  N  E  of  that 
lake  to  a  chain  of  fmaller  lakes,  on  the 
communication  to  thcnorthwefttrn  trad- 
ing ports. 

Portage^  Point,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Ncw- 
Brunfwick,  and  in  the  S  W  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  forms  the  N  limit 
of  Miramiclii  Bay,  as  Point  Ecoumcnac 
does  the  S. 

Port  Ar/iherji,  a  bay  on  the  S  E  coafl'of 
Nova-Scotia,  S  \V  of  Port  Rofeway,  and 
.t;  miles  NE  of  Cape  Sable. 

Pfrf  Angel,  a  harbour  on  the  W  coafl: 
cf  Mexico,  about  half  way  between  St. 
Pedro  and  Compoftella.  It  is  a  broad 
and  open  bay,  having  good  anchorage, 
but  bad  landing.     N  lat.  13  3Z,  W  long. 

97  4. 

Port  Ahtonio,  in  the  N  E  part  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  lies  W  by  N  of  the  N 
E  point ;  having  Fort  George  and  Navy 
Ifland  on  the  W,  and  Wood's  Ifland  E. 
It  is  capable  of  holding  a  large  fleet ;  and 
if  it  were  fortified  and  accommodated 
for  refitting  fliips  of  war,  would  be  of 
great  importance,  as  it  is  only  36  leagues 
W  of  CapeTiburon  in  St.  Domhigo,  and 
opens  dlre<5lly  into  the  Windward  Paf- 
fage.  The  town  of  Titchiield  lies  on  this 
bay. 

Porta  Maria,  in  tlie  N  E  part  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  is  S  E  from  Gallina  Point. 

Porta  P  rt,  on  the  N  W  fide  of  the  ifl- 
f\nd  of  Newfoundland  ;  the  S  entrance  in- 
to which  is  10  or  12  leagues  from  Caj^e 
St.  George. 

Port  au  Prhice,  a  j'urifdidlon  and'  fca- 
port,  at  the  head  of  the  Great  Bay  or 
Bight  cf  Leoganc,  in  the  W  part  of  St. 
Domingo.  Tlie  town,  which  is  feated  ou 
the  hc3d  of  the  bay,  is  the  feat  of  the 
French  government  in  time  of  peace,  and 
a  place  of  confiderabla  trade.  Though 
fingularly  favoured  with  the  S  winds,  it 
was  long' the  tomb  of  the  unhappy  Euro- 
peans, in  conlcquence  of  the  difficulty  of 
obtaining  good  water.  By  the  exertions 
of  M.de  iMarbois,  who  rcfided  here  about 
5  years,  in  conftru(5ling  fountains,  public 
bafons,  and  airy  prifons,  the  place  has  be- 
come far,  more  healthy  and  delirable. 
The  jurird'(f!:ion  contains  6  pariibcs,  and 
its  exports  from  Jan.  r,  1789,  to  Dec.  31, 
of  the-f  ime  vf;)r,werc  as  follow.  2497,321 
lbs.  Vi  hire  fi'tur  ;  44,716,2^56  llis.  brown 


I  fugar  ;  17,829,424  lbs.  coffee  ;  i,878;99f. 
I  lbs.  cotton  ;  137,951  lbs. indigo;  other  ar- 
j  ticlcs,  as  hides,  molalTes,  fpirits,  &c.  to  the 
value  of  8,248^  livres.  The  total  value 
of  duties  on  the  above  articles  on  expor- 
tation was  189^94-5  dolls.  46  cents.  Thi»- 
fine  town  was  nearly  burnt  down  by  the 
revolting  negroes,  in  Nov.  and  Dec.  1791- 
It  is  only  fit  for  a  fliipping  place  for  the 
produce  of  the  adjacent  country,  and  for 
that  of  the  rich  plains  of  the  Cul  de  Sac 
to  the  northward.  The  ifland  of  Gonave 
to  the  weftward  would  enables  fquadron 
to  block  up  the  port.  The  line  of  com- 
munication between  Port  au  Prince  and 
the  town  of  St.  Domingo,  is  by  the  ponds, 
and  through  the  towns  of  Neybe,  Azua, 
Bani,,  &g.  ;  the  difl;ance  from  Port  au 
Prince  to  St,  Domingo  city  being  69 
leagues  E  by  S.  To  fliorten  this  way  a 
little,  and  particularly  to  render  it  lefs 
difagreeable,  one  may  crofs  the  Brackifli 
Pond  in  a  canoe.  Port  au  Prince  is  7 
leagues  E  by  N  of  the  town  of  Leogane, 
and  about  50  S  by  E  as  the  road  runs, 
trom  Port  de  Paix.  N  lat.  18  34,  W  long. 
from  Paris  74  45. 

Port  Barks,  on  the  N  W"-  coaft  of  N. 
America,  lies  S  E  of  Pitt's  Ifland,  and  N 
W  of  Point  Bukarelli. 

Port  Cabanas,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Cuba,  lies  E  by  N  of  Bahia  Hondu, 
and  W  of  Port  Mariel. 

Port  D'auph'tKi  a  bay  on  the  E  coaft  of 
Cape  Breton,  about  18  leagues  S  by  W  of 
Cape  Rayc  in  Newfoundland. 

Port  Je  Francois,  a  harbour  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lat.  58  37  N,  long. 

139  50  W.  In  the  vicinity  are  feveral 
tribes  of  farages.  Their  women  fpin  and 
weave  the  hair  of  animals  into  decent 
cloth  ;  hats  and  bafkets  of  reeds  are  form- 
ed with  fkill.  The  men  forge  iron,  faili- 
ion  copper,  and  make  tolerable  engrav- 
ings of  men  and  animals  in  wood  and 
ftone.-  They  inlay  boxes  with  mother  of 
pearl.  A  dagger,  a  wooden  lance,  fliarp- 
encd  and  hai^ened  in  the  fire,  or  pointed 
with  iron ;  a  bow  and  arrows  tipped  witk 
copper,  are  their  ufnal  weapons.  Their 
canoes  are  30  feet  long,  4  broad,  6  deep, 
covered  with  feal-fkins.  They  arc  exce!- 
fively  prone  to  gaming  ;  it  gives  them  a 
fad,  melancholy  appearance.  I'heir  mu- 
fie  is  melodious,  but  plaintive.  Vegeta- 
tion here  is  rapid,  and  feveral  kinds  of 
bfcful  vegetables  and  berries  grow  Ipnn- 
taneouily.     Pines  are  18  feet  rt, and.  and 

140  feet  high.  Trout,  f^lmon,  .^nd  fliell  ^ 
fifli  are  abundant  \\\  their  dreams  and 

bars 


P  O  R 


P  O  R 


i5Ay».  They  file  down  their  teeth  level 
with  their  gums.  They  burn  their  dead, 
.excepting  the  head,  -which  is  wrapped  in 
ilcins,  placed  in  a  kind  of  box,  and  lul- 
pcnded  on  poles.  Their  morals  are  fui- 
-iiciently  abominable  to  endear  thenj  to 
modern  iniidels.  They  are  moft  filthy 
and  difgufting,  never  wafliing  the  veflcl, 
<which  anlwers  for  kettle,  difli  and  plate. 
They  fliow  no  fympathy  for  others  in 
.-diftrefs.  They  will  rob  their  l>t;{l  friends. 
They  fcem  to  worfliip  the  fun.  Xheir 
women  offeringtheml'elves  to  failors,  pre- 
fer the  open  fliore  to  the  concealment  of 
tlieforeft.  So  degraded  is  fallen  manwhere 
lie  is  not  again  exalted  by  the  gofpel ;  fo 
brutal  where  he  is  not  inftrudled  by  the 
prophet  of  Bethlehem.  Vancouver. 

Fart  de  Faix,  a  jurifditflion  and  feaport 
on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingc, 
towards  the  wcftern  end,  and  oppolite 
■the  ifland  of  Tortue,  ^  leagues  diftant. 
The  jurifdicTlion  contains  7  pariihes.;  the 
exports  from  which,  from  Jan.  i,  1789  to 
Dec.  31,  of  the  fame  year,  were  as  follow  : 
331,900  lbs.  v/hite  fugar  ;  515,500  lbs. 
brown  fugar  ;  1,957,618  lb.s.  cofFee ;  35,J54 
lbs.  cotton  ;  29,181  lbs.  indigo.  The  du- 
ties on  exportation  of  the  above  amount- 
ed to  9,407  dollars  60  cents-.  It  is  30 
leagues  N  of  St.  Mark,  17  E  by  N  of  the 
Mole,  and  19^  weftward  of  Cape  Fran- 
cois. Nlat.  1954,  Wlong.  from  Par  is  7512. 

Fori  de  la  Chfiudiere^on  the  S  coaft  of  St. 
Domingo,  lies  at  the  eailern  entrance  of 
the  Bay  of  Ocoa,  which  is  18  leagues  W 
by  S  of  the  city  of  St.  Domingo.  I'his 
port  is  large,  open,  and  deep  enough  to 
admit  veiTels^of  any  burden. 

Port  Defirt^  a  harbour  on  the  -E  coafl 
of  Patagonia,  S.  America,  where  vefiels 
fometlmes  touch  in  their  paflage  to  the 
S.  Sea.  ,It  is  about  150  miles  N  E  of  Port 
%l.  Julian.     S  iat.  47  6,  W  long.  64  24. 

Port  du  Pr'uice^  a  town  on  the  northern 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  having  a  good 
harbour.  The  town  ftands  in  a  large 
meadow,  where  the  Spaniards  feed  nu- 
merous herds  of  cattle. 

Fort  Egmont,  on  the  N  coaft  of  oiie  of 
the  Falkland  Ifies,  and  towards  the  \V 
end  of  that  coaft.  It  is  one  of  the  moft 
cxtenlive  and  commodious  harbours  in 
the  world  ;  fo  tliat  it  has  been  alTerted 
that  the  whole  navy  of  Great-Britain 
might  ride  fccureiy  in  it.  Commodore 
Byron  difcovered  this  excellent  harbour 
»n  1775)  on  being  fent  to  take  pofleiHun 
•f  the  iflauds  for  the  Britifli  government. 

f'^rt,B:iz~bdb,  Cumbeiland  co.  N.  Jer- 


fey.     Here  is  apoft  office  2c6  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Porter,  a  lake  of  "Nova- Scotia,  which 
empties  itfclf  into  the  ocean,  5  leagu/;s 
eaftward  «f  Halifax.  It  is  .15  miles  lA 
length,  and  half  a  mile  in  width,  with 
ifiands  in  it. 

ForterfiJd,  a  fmall  fcttlement  in  Yoik 
CO.  Maine!     It  has  272  inhabitants. 

Portcro,  a  river  of  Peru,  which  einptic* 
into  the  lea  at  the  city  pt  Baidlvia. 

Port  Julian,  or  Port  St.  Julian,  a  har- 
hour  on  the  E  coaft  of  Patagonia,  in  .S. 
America,  150  miles  S  by  W  of  Port  De- 
fire.  It  has  a  free  and  open  entrance, 
and  fait  is  found  near  it.  The  continent 
is  not  above  ico  leagues  broad  here.  Be- 
fides  fait  ponds,  here  are  plenty  of  wild 
cattle,  horfes,  Peruvian  fliecp,  and  wild 
dogs ;  but  the  water  is  bad.  S  Iat.  49  10. 
W  long.  68  44. 

Portland,  a  poft  town  zttid  port  of  entry, 
in  Cumberland  co.  Maine.  It  is  the  larg- 
eft  town  in  Maine,  and  is  fituated  on  a 
promontory  in  Cafco  Bay,  and  was  for- 
merly a  part  of  Falmouth.  It  is  ^o  miles 
S  by  W  of  WifcafTetjand  123  from  Bufton. 
In  July,  1786,  th:s  part  of  the  town,  be- 
ing the  moft  populous  and  mercantile, 
and  fituated  on  the  harbour,  together 
with  the  iilands  which  belong  to  Fal- 
mouth, was  incorporated  by  the  name  of 
Portland.  It  has  a  moft  excellent,  fafe, 
and  capacious  harbour,  which  is  feldoni 
or  never  completely  frozen  over.  It  is 
near  the  main  ocean,  and  is  eafy  of  ac- 
ccfs.  The  inhabitants  cawv  on  a  conlid- 
erable  foreign  trade,  build  lliips,  siud  anc 
largely  concerned  in  the  fi flier y.  It  is 
one  of  the  moft  thriving  commerci?.! 
towns  in  the  Commonwealth  of  MaiTa- 
chufetts.  Here  are  two  bariks,  by  the 
names  of  Portland  and  Maine  .Banks.  It 
is  contemplated  to  con>pltte  a  road,  al- 
ready in  forwardnefs,  from  Danville,  in 
Vermont,  through  Bath,  in  N.  Hamplliire, 
and  under  the  northerly  fule  of  Moofe- 
hillock  Mountain,  and  thence  to  this 
town.  The  diftance  fr(.m  Bath  is  about 
ICO  miles.  This  road  will  in  time,  ptob- 
aWy,  turn  the  trade  of  all  this  northera 
country  to  Pcu-tland.  Although  three- 
fourths  of  it  was  laid  in  aflies  by  the 
Britifli  fleet  in  1775,  it  has  Ciudc  been  en- 
tirely rebuilt,  and  contains  3,704  inhab- 
itants. Among  its  public  buildings  arc 
3  churches,  2  for  Congregationaliftsj  and 
t  for  Epiicopalians,  and  a  IiandfoiTiv.- 
court  houfe.  •  A  light  lioufc  was  eretftca 
in  1790,011  a  poju:  q£  laad  eailcd^Port- 


P  O  R 


P  O  R 


land  Head,  al  the  entrance  of  the  har- 
bour. It  is  a  ftone  edifice,  7  2  feet  high, 
exclufive  of  the  lantern,  and  ftands  in 
lat.  43  39*  N,  ind  long.  6^  5a  W.  The 
foHDwing  directions  are  to  6e  obferved 
Ml  coming  into  the  harbour.  Bring  the 
light  to  bear  N  N  W,  then  run  for  it,  al- 
lowing a  fmall  diftance  on  the  larboard 
liand  ;  and  when  abreaft  of  the  fame, 
then  run  N  by  W.  This  courfe  will  give 
good  anchorage  from  half  a  mile  to  a 
iTiiie  and  a  lialf.  No  variation  of  the 
tompafs  is  allowed.  The  works  created 
in  1795,  for  the  defence  of  Portland,  con- 
lift  of  a  fort,  a  citadel,  a  battery  for  10 
pieces  of  cannon,  an  artillery-ftore,  a 
guard-houfe,  an  air  furnace  for  heating 
ihot,  and  a  covered  way  from  the  fort  to 
the  battery. 

Portland  Head,  in  Cafco  Bay,  Maine, 
the  promontory  on  which  the  light  houfe 
above  defcribtd  ftands.  From  the  light 
houfe  to  Alden's  Ledge,  is  4  leagues  S  S 
E.  High  water  in  Portland  harbour,  at 
full  and  change,  45  minutes  after  10 
OVloclc      Ste  Portland. 

Portland  Pointy  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
arfd  of  Jamaica,  and  the  moft  foutherly 
land  m  it,  lies  in  lat.  17  48  N,  and  long. 
77  41  W. 

Port  loci's  Harbouf,  cn  the  N  W  coafl 
of  N.  America,  has  a  narrow  entrance. 
The  mitldlc  of  the  entrance  lies  in  lat.  57 
43  30,  and  long.  136  4 i  30  W. 

Port  Marquis,  a  harbour  on  the  coafi 
of  Mexico,  in  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  3 
miles  E  of  Acapulco,  where  flilps  from 
Peru  frequently  land  thtir  contraband 
goods-     N  lat,  17  27,  W  long.  loz  26. 

Porto  Bdlo,  a  fcaport  town  of  S.  Amer- 
ica, having  a  good  harbour  on  the  nor- 
thern fide  of  the  Ifthmus  of  Daricn,  in 
the  province  of  Terra  Firma  Proper, 
nearly  oppofite  to  Panama  on  the  fouth- 
crn  fide  of  the  ifthmus.  It  is  fituated  clofe 
to  the  fea,  on  the  declivity  of  a  mountain 
vhich  lurrounds  the  whole  harbour.  It 
abounds  with  reptiles  in  the  rainy  feafon, 
and  at  all  times  is  very  unhealthy;  and 
js  chiefly  inhabited  by  people  of  colour, 
and  negroes.  It  was  taken  by  Admiral 
Vernon  in  1742,  who  demoiiflied  the 
fortificatioos.  N  lat.  9  34  ^,5^  ^^  ^^'^Z'  81 
_52.  As  this  town  may  probably  foon  be- 
come a  bone  of  contention,  and  perhaps 
change  its  maftcrs,  the  following  account 
of  it,  which  pot  long  Hnce  appeared  in  a 
ijOudoD  paper,  may  be  acceptable.  "  This 


town,i'o  thinly  inhabited  by  rcafon  of  it» 
noxious  air,  the  fcarcity  of  provifions, 
and  the  barrennefs  of  its  foil,  becomes,  at 
the  time  of  the  galltons,  one  of  the  moft 
populous  places  in  all  S.  America.  Its 
lituation  on  the  ifthmus  betwixt  the  S  and 
N  fea,  the  goodnefs  of  its  harbour,  and 
its  fmall  diftance  from  Panama,  have  giv- 
en it  the  preference  for  the  rendezvous 
of  the  joint  commerce  of  Spain  and  Peru, 
at  its  fair. 

On  advice  being  received  at  Carthage- 
na,  that  the  Peru  fleet  has  unloaded  at 
Panama,  the  galleons  make  the  beft  of 
their  way  to  Porto  Bello,  in  order  to 
avoid  the  diftempers  which  have  their 
fource  from  idlenefs.  The  concourfe  of 
people,  on  this  occafion,  is  fo  great  as  to 
raife  the  rent  of  lodging  to  an  exccffivc 
degree  ;  a  middh"ng  chamber,  with  a  cloi- 
ct,  lets,  during  the  fair,  for  a  thoufand 
crowns,  and  fome  large  houles  for  four, 
five,  or  fix  thoufand. 

The  fliips  are  no  fooner  moored  in  the 
harbour,  than  the  firft  work  is,  to  eredV, 
in  the  fquare,  a  tent,  made  of  the  fliip's 
fails,  for  receiving  its  cargo;  at  which 
the  proprietors  of  the  goods  are  prefent, 
in  order  to  find  the  bales,  by  the  marks 
which  diftinguifh  them.  Thefe  bales  arc 
drawn  on  fledges,  to  their  refpc<5live  pla- 
ces, by  the  crew  cf  every  fliip,  and  the 
money  given  them  is  proportionably  di- 
vided. Whilft  the  feamen  and  European 
traders  are  thus  employed,  the  land  is 
covered  with  droves  of  mules  from  Pa- 
nama, each  drove  confifting  of  above 
an  hundred,  loaded  with  chefts  of  gold 
and  fiiver,  on  account  of  the  merchants 
of  Peru.  Some  unload  them  at  the  ex- 
change, others  in  the  middle  of  the  fquare; 
yet,  ainidft  tlie  hurry  and  confufion  of 
luch  crowds,  no  theft,  lofs  or  difturbance, 
is  ever  known.  He  who  has  feen  this 
place  during  the  iiempo  muertoy  or  dead 
tlmc.folitary,poor,and  a  perpetual  filencc 
reigning  every  where,  the  harbour  quite 
empty,  arid  every  place  wearing  a  mel- 
ancholy afpe(Sl,  muft  be  filled  with  aftou- 
iflimcnt  at  the  fudden  change,  to  fee  the 
buftling  multitudes,  every  houfe  crowded, 
the  fquare  and  ftreets  encumbered  with 
bales  and  chefts  of  gold  and  fiiver  of  all 
kinds:  the  harbour  full  of  fhips  and  vef- 
fcls,  fome  bringing,  by  the  way  of  Rio 
de  Chape,  the  goods  of  Peru,  as  cacao, 
quinquina,  or  Jefuits'  bark,  Vienna  wool, 
and  bczoarftoncs;  otiiers  coming  from 
Carthagcna,  loaded  with  provifions;  and 
thus  a  fpot,  at  all  oiha  times  detefted  for 


P  O  R 


PO  R 


its  deieterious  qualities,  becomes  the  fta- 
|)le  of  the  riches  of  the  old  and  new 
world,  and  the  fcene  of  one  of  the  mod 
confiderable  branches  of  commerce  on 
the  whole  earth. 

The  fliips  being  unloaded,  and  the 
merchants  of  Peru,  together  with  the 
prefident  of  Panama,  arrived,  the  fair 
comes  under  deliberation;  and  for  this 
purpofe  the  deputies  of  the  feveral  par- 
ties repair  on  board  the  conmiixlort  of 
the  galleons,  where,  in  prefcnce  of  the 
commodore,  and  the  prefident  of  Pana- 
ma (the  former,  as  patron  of  the  Europe- 
ans, and  the  latter,  of  the  Peruvians)  the 
prices  of  the  feveral  kinds  of  merehandife 
Ere  fettled  ;  and  all  preliminaries  being 
adjufted  in  three  or  four  meetings,  the 
contrails  are  figned  and  made  public, 
that  every  one  may  conform  himfelf  to 
them  in  the  fale  of  his  effe^5ls.  Thus  all 
fraud  is  precluded.  The  purchafes  and 
fales,  as  likewife  the  exchanges  of  money, 
are  tranfadted  by  brokers,  both  from 
6pain  and  Peru.  After  this,  every  one 
fiegins  to  difpofe  of  his  goods ;  the  Span- 
ifli  brokers  embarking  their  chefts  of 
money,  and  thofc  of  Peru  fending  away 
the  goods  they  have  purchafed,  in  veflels 
called  chatas  and  bongos,  up  the  river 
Chagre.  And  thus  the  fair  of  Porto  Bel- 
lo  ends. 

Formerly  this  fair  was  limited  to  no 
particular  time;  but  as  a  long  flay,  in 
fuch  a  fickly  place,  extremely  afi'edlcd  the 
health  of  the  traders,  his  Catholic  m^jefly 
tranfmitted  an  order,  that  the  fair  fhould 
not  laft  above  forty  days,  reckoning  from 
that  in  which  the  fhips  came  to  an  an- 
chor in  the  harbour  ;  and  that,  if  in  this 
fpace  of  time  the  merchants  could  not 
agree  in  their  rates,  thofe  of  Spain  fliould 
be  allowed  to  carry  their  goods  up  the 
country  to  Peru;  and  accordingly  the 
commodore  of  the  galleons  has  orders  to 
rcembark  them,  and  return  to  Cartha- 
gena;  otherwife,  by  virtue  of  a  compacit 
ht'twecn  the  merchants  of  both  kingdoms, 
and  ratified  by  the  king,  no  Spanifli  tra- 
der IS  to  fend  his  goods,  on  his  own  ac- 
count, lieyoud  Porto  Bcllo  :  and,  on  the 
contrary,  thofe  of  Peru  cannot  fend  re- 
mittances to  Spain,  for  purchafing  goods 
there. 

Whilft  the  Englifli  were  permitted  to 
fend  an  annual  lliip,  called  navia  de  pcr- 
mijfo,  flie  uftd  to  bring  to  the  fair  a  large 
cargo  on  her  own  account,  never  failing 
iirfl:  to  touch  at  Jamaica,  fo  that  her  load- 
ing aloue  was  mure  than  half  of  all  tJi'^fe 


brought  by  the  galleons;  for,  bcfidcsthat 
her  burthen  fo  far  exceeded  500  Spanilli 
tons,  that  it  was  even  more  than  900, 
flie  had  no  provifions,  water,  or  other 
things,  which  fill  a  great  part  of  the  hole  ; 
the  indeed  took  them  in  at  Jamaica, '^rom 
whence  flie  was  attended  by  five  or  fn 
fmaller  veflels,  loaded  v.-irh  goods,  which, 
when  arrived  near  Porto  Beilo,  were  put 
on  board  her,  and  the  provifions  removed 
into  the  tenders  ;  by  wh^ch  artifice  the 
fmgle  fliip  was  niiide  to  carry  more  than 
five  or  fix  of  the  largeft  galleons.  This 
nation  having  a  free  trade,  and  felling 
cheaper  than  the  Spaniards,  that  indul- 
gence was  of  infinite  detriment  to  the 
commerce  of  Spain. 

In  the  dead  time,  all  the  trade  flirring 
here  confifts  in  proviiions  from  Cartha- 
gena;  and  cacao  and  quinquina,  down 
the  river  Chagre  :  the  former  is  carried 
in  fmall  vefTcls  to  Vera  Cruz,  and  the 
quinquina  either  dcpcfitcd  in  v.'are  hou- 
fes,  or  put  on  board  fliips,  which,  with 
permifilon,  come  from  Spain  ti»  Nacara- 
qua,  and  Honduras;  thefe  fliips alfo  take 
in  cacao.  Some  fmall  vefcls  likewife 
come  from  the  illands  of  Cuba,  La  Trin- 
idad and  St.  Domingo,  with  cacao  and 
rum. 

Frefli  water  pours  down  in  ftream* 
from  the  mountains,  feme  running  with- 
out the  town,  and  others  crofiing  it. 
Thefe  waters  are  ver/light  and  digeftive, 
and  in  thofe  who  arc  bcfl  ulcd  to  them, 
good  to  create  sn  iippctite ;  qualities, 
which  in  other  countries  would  be  very 
valuable  ;  but  are  here  pernicious.  This 
country  feems  fo  curfed  by  nature,  that 
what  is  in  itfelf  good  becomes  here  de- 
ftru<5live.  For  doubtlefs,  this  water  is 
too  fine  and  active  for  the  ftomachs  of 
the  inhabitants;  and  thus  produces  dy- 
fentaritsi,  the  laft  ftage  of  all  other  dif- 
tempers,  and  which  the  patient  very  fcl- 
doni  furvivcs.  Thefe  rivulets,  in  their 
defcent  from  the  mountains,  form  little 
refer  voir  s  or  ponds,  whcfe  coolnefs  is  in- 
creaftd  by  the  fliadc  of  the  trees,  and  in 
thefe  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  towa 
bathe  thtrafelves  conftantly  every  day  at 
II  in  the  morning;  and  the  Europeans 
fail  not  to  follow  an  (ximple  fo  pleafant 
and  conducive  to  hcaklr. 

As  tlulc  forefts  almoft  border  on  the 
houfes  oi  the  town,  the  tigers  often  make 
incurfions  into  tht*  flrccts  during  the 
night,  carrying  off  fowU,  dogs,  i\nil  other 
domttlic  creatures;  and  lometimes  eve* 
boys  have  falicu  a  prey  to  rhem;  and,  it 


FOR 


FOR 


is  certain,  that  ravenous  beafts  which  pro- 
vide themfelvcs  with  food  in  this  manner, 
are  afterwards  known  to  delpifc  what 
the  foreft  affords ;  and,  that  after  tafting 
human  llefli,  they  flight  that  ^of  beafts. 
Befides  the  inares  ufually  laid  for  them, 
the  Negroes  and  Mulattoes,vvho  feil  wood 
in  the  forefts  of  *the  mountains,  are  very 
dexterous  in  encountering  the  tiger;  and 
ibmc,  even  on  account  of  the  (lender  re- 
ward, feck  them  in  their  retreats.  The 
arms  in  this  combat,  feemingly  fo  danger- 
ous, are  only  a  lance,  of  z  or  3  yards  iu 
length,  made  of  very  ftrong  wood,  with 
the  point  of  the  fameliardencd  in  the  lire, 
and  a  kind  of  fcimetar,  about  3  quarters  of 
a  yard  in  length.  Thus  armed,  they  ftay 
tiil  the  creature  makes  an  afTault  on  the 
left  arm,  wliich  hoids  the  lance,  and  is 
wrapped  up  in  a  Ihort  cloke  of  baize. 
Sometimes  tJ\e  tiger,  aware  of  the  danger, 
feems  to  decline  the  combat ;  but  his  an- 
tagonift  provokes  him  with  a  flight  touch 
of  the  lance,  in  order,  while  he  is  defend- 
ing himfelf,  to  ftrike  a  fure  blow ;  for  as 
foon  as  the  ci  ealute  feels  the  lance,  he 
grafps  it  with  one  of  his  paws  and  with 
the  other  ftrikes  at  the  arm  which  holds 
it.  Then  it  is  that  the  perfon  nimbly 
aims  a  blow  with  his  fcimetar,  which  he 
kept  concealed  with  the  other  hand,  and 
hamfl:rings  the  creature,  which  immedi- 
atelv  draws  bcick  enraged,  but  returns  to 
the  charge  ;  when  receiving  another  fych 
ftroke,  he  is  totally  deprived  of  his  molt 
dangerous  weapons,  and  rendered  inca- 
pable of  moving.  After  which  the  perfon 
kills  him  at  his  leifure,  and  ftripping  off 
the  fsin,  cutting  off  the  head,  and  the 
fore  and  hind  feet,  returns  to  the  town, 
difplaying  thefe  as  the  trophies  of  his 
vidkory." 

Porio  Cabelloy  a  maritime  town  of  the 
Caraccasjin  Terra  Firma,  South  America, 
6  leagues  from  Leon  ;  chiefly  inhabited 
by  fifliermen,  failors,  and  factors. 

Porto  Caval/o,  a  fea  port  town  in  Terra 
Firma,  on  the  coaft  of  the  Caraccas.  1'he 
Britifli  loft  many  men  here,  in  an  unfuc- 
■cefsful  attack  by  fca  and  land,  in  1743. 
JN  lat.  10  40,  W  long.  64  30. 

Porio  del  Principe,  a  feaport  on  the  N 
-roaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  300  miles  S 
E  of  the  Havannah,  and  186  N  W  of 
Baracoa.  It  was  formerly  a  large  and 
j-ich  town,  but  being  taken  by  Capt. 
Morgan,  with  his  buccaneers,  after  a  ftout 
refiftance,  it  never  recovered  itfelf.  Near 
iv  are  fcvcral  fpriugs  of  Ititumcn. 

Petto  Eico.  one  of  the  Antiile  Iflauds, 


in  the  W.  Indies,  belonging  to  tlvz  Span- 
iards, about  ICO  miles  loi)g,?nd  40 broad, 
and  contains  about  3,200  fquare  miles. 
It  is  20  leagues  E  vS  E  of  tlu  liland  of  Sf. 
Domingo.  The  lands  are  beai  tifully  di- 
verijfied  with  woods,  vallics,  and  plains, 
and  are  very  fruitful,  yielding  the  fame 
produce  as  the  other  idands.  The  ifland 
is  well  watered  by  fprings  and  rivers,  buE 
is  unhealthy  in  the  rainy  fcafons.  Gold, 
which  lit  ft  induced  the  Spaniards  to  fet- 
tle here,  is  no  longer  found  in  any  con- 
fiderable  quantity.  In  1778,  this  ifland 
contained  80,660  inhabitants,  of  whom 
only  6,530  were  fiaves.  I'here  were  thea 
reckoned  upon  the  ifland,  77,384  head 
of  horned  cattle  ;  23,195  horfes  ;  1,515 
mulejj;  49,058  head  of  fmall  cattle;  5,861 
plantations,  yielding  2,737  quintals  of  fu- 
gar ;  1,163  quintals  of  cotton;  19,556' 
quintals  of  rice;  15,216  quintals  of  maize  ; 
7,458  quintals  of  tobacco,  and  9,860  quin- 
tals of  molaffes. 

Porto  Rico,  or  Si.  Juan  de  Porto  R'tcn, 
the  capital  town  of  the  ifland  of  its  name, 
ft^inds  on  a  fmall  ifland,  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  to  which  it  is 
joined  by  a  caufeway,  extending  acrofs 
the  harbour,  which  is  very  fpacious,  and 
where  the  largeft  yeffels  may  lie  in  the 
utmoft  fecurity.  It  is  large  and  well 
built,  and  is  the  fcjC  of  a  bifliop;  and  the 
forts  and  batteries  are  fo  well  fituated 
and  ftrong,  as  to  render  it  almoft  inaccef- 
fible  to  an  enemy.  It  was,  however,  ta- 
ken by  Sir  Francis  Drake,  and  afterwards 
by  the  earl  of  Cumberland.  It  is  better 
inhabited  than  moft  of  the  Spanifli  towns, 
being  the  centre  of  the  contraband  trade 
carried  on  by  the  Britifh  and  French, 
with  the  king  of  Spain's  fubjedls.  In 
1615,  the  Dutch  took  and  plundered  thi» 
city;  but  could  not  retaixi  it.  N  lat.  iS 
20,  W  long.  65  2)S' 

Potto  Sanioy  an  ifland  on  the  coaft:  ol 
Peru,  a  league  W  N  W  of  the  port  and 
city  of  Santo  or  Santa,  nearly  oppoflte  the 
port  of  Ferol,  a  league  diftant  N,  and  9 
N  W  of  Guanape  Ifland. 

Porto  Sonto,  a  port  fituated  in  the  mouti^ 
of  the  river  of  its  name,  on  the  coaft  of 
PerUjN  N  E  of  Point  Ferol,  and  6  leagues 
S  E  of  Cape  de  Chao  or  Chau,  and  ia 
lat.  8  47  S. 

Port  Pais.     Sec  Port  au  Paix. 

Porto  Seguro,  a  captainiliip  on  the  coaft 
of  Brazil,  in  S.  America,  bounded  E  by 
the  government  of  Rio  dos  Hilios  ;  N  by 
the  South  Atlantic  Ocean;  S  by  Spiritu 
Santo,  and  W  by  the  country  of  the  To- 


P  O  R 


FOR 


pick  Indians.    The  country  is  very  fertile. 

Porto  Seguro,  the  capital  of  the  alwve 
captainlhip,  is  on  the  top  of  a  rock,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  on  the  fea  coaft,  and 
inhabited  by  Portuguefc.  S  lat.  17,  W 
long.  38  50. 

Port  Penn,  a  town  of  Newcaftle  co. 
Delaware,  on  the  W  fliore  of  Delaware 
River,  and  fcparated  from  Reedy  Ifland 
on  the  E  by  a  narrow  channel.  It  con- 
tains about  30  or  40  houfes,  and  lies  50 
miles  below  Philadelphia.  See  Penn  and 
PeeJy  Jjland. 

Port  Royal,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of  S. 
Carolina,  is  feparated  from  the  main  land 
on  the  W  by  Broad  River.  It  is  11  miles 
long,  and  about  i  broad,  and  on  it  ftands 
the  pleafant  town  of  Beaufort.  It  has  an 
excellent  harbour,  fufficient  to  contain 
the  largeft  fleet  in  the  world.  It  is  fix 
leagues  N  E  ^  E  of  Tybec  Hght  houfe,  at 
the  mouth  of  Savannah  River.  N  lat.  3.* 
12,  W  long,  80  54.  At  Port  Royal  Entrance 
it  is  high  water  at  full  and  change  a  quar- 
ter paft:  8  o'clock. 

Port  Royal,  in  Nova  Scotia.  Sec  An- 
napolis Royal. 

Port  Royal,  a  port  town  of  Virginia,  on 
Ihe  S  bank  of  Rappahannock  River,  in 
Caroline  co.  It  is  laid  out  on  a  regular 
plan,  and  contains  about  200  houfes 
which  make  a  handfome  appearance,  be- 
ing built  of  brick.  Here  are  3  churches, 
viz.  for  Epifcopalians,  Prefbyterians  and 
Methodifts.  It  is  1%  miles  S  E  of  Fred- 
rrickfburg,  and  230  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
Nlat.  38  13,  W  long.  77  34. 

Port  Royaty  on  the  S  fide  of  the  ifl.i.nd 
of  Jamaica,  formerly  called  Puerto  de  Ca- 
guaya,  once  a  place  of  the  greateft  w  ealth 
and  importance  in  the  W.  Indies,  is  now 
reduced  by  repeated  calamities  to  three 
ftreets,  a  few  lanes,  ami  about  200  houfes. 
It  contains,  however ,.the  royal  navy  yard, 
for  heaving  down,  and  refitting  the  king's 
iliips,  the  naval  hofpital,  and  barracks 
for  a  regiment  of  foidiers.  The  fortifi- 
cations are  kept  in  excellent  order,  and 
vie  in  ftrength,  it  is  laid,  with  any  fort- 
refs  in  the  Britifli  dominions.  The  ex- 
cellence of  the  harbour,  and  its  fitu  ition, 
were  fo  alluring,  that  it  was  not  until 
the  town  had  been  three  times  entirely 
dcftroyed,  (firft  by  a  terrible  earthquake, 
the  9th  of  June,  1692  ;  then  by  a  great 
frc,  10  years  after,  and  laftly,  by  a  hur- 
ricane in  1782,  the  moll  terrible  on  rec- 
ord) that  tlie  iiihibitants  could  be  pre- 
vailed upon   to   relinquifli   this  ili-fated 


'  folvcd  to  remove  to  the  oppofite  fide  of 
the  Bay,  where  they  built  Khigjjr:,  now 
the  capital  of  the  illand.  la  the  harbour 
of  Port  Royal,  veffcls  of  700  tons  can  lie 
clofe  along  fliore.  N  lat.  18,  W  long. 
76  45- 

Port  Royal,  a  town  and  liarbour  in  the 
ifland  of  Martinico,  Weft  Indies;  which, 
with  St.  Peter's,  arc  the  chief  places  of 
the  ifland.  N  lat.  14  36,  W  lung.  61  r. 
Port  Royal,  in  the  ifland  of  Otaheite. 
Port  Royal,  an  ifland  and  harbour  in 
the  S  W  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at 
the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Campeachy. 
The  harbour  is  i8  leagues  S  W  by  S 
Champetan  ;  and  the  ifland,  3  miles  long 
and  I  broad,  lies  W  of  the  harbour. 

Port  St.  John,  a  fmall  town  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Nicaragua,  in  New  Spain,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  on  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean.  The  harbour  is  iafe  and  capa- 
cious, and  is  the  feaport  of  tiie  city  of 
Leon,  30  miles  to  the  S  E.  N  lat.  12  10, 
W  long.  87  38. 

Portfmmh,  the  metropolis  of  N.  Hamp- 
fbire,  and  the  largeft  town  in  the  State, 
and  its  only  fea- port,  is  fituated  about  % 
miles  from  the  fea,  on  the  S  fide  of  Pif- 
cataqua  River.     It  is  the  half-fliire  town 
of  Rockingham  co.  and  its  harbour  is  one 
of  the  fineft  on  the  continent,  having  a 
fufficient  depth   of  water  for  veffelH  of 
any  burden.    It  is  defended  again  ft  ftorms 
by  the  adjacent  land,  in  fuch   a  manner, 
as  that  Ihips  may  fecurely  ride  there  iii 
any  feafon  of  the  year  ;   nor  is  it  ever 
frozen,  by  reafon  of  the  f'rength  of  the 
current,  and  narrownefs  of  the  channel. 
Befidcs,  the   harbour  is  fo  Avell  fortified 
by    nature,  that   very    little  art  will  be 
nectflary  to  render  it  impregnable.     It* 
vicinity  to   the  fea  renders  it  very  con- 
venient for  naval  trade.     A  light  houfe, 
with  a  fingle   light,  ftands  on  Newcaitle 
Ifland,  at  the  entrance  of  the  harbour, 
in  bt.  43  5  N,  and  long.  70  41  W.     Ships 
of  war   have   been   built    here  ;    among, 
j  others,  the  America,  of  74  guns,  launch- 
ed November,  1782,  and  prtfcntcd  to  the 
i  king    of    France,    by    the     Congrefs    of 
i  the  Un-t  'd  States.     Portfmouth  coutaius. 
1  5,339   inhabitants,  three  Congregational 
churclies,  x  Epifcopal  church,  t  for  Uni- 
j  verfalifts,  a   State-lioule,  4    fchvjol-houf- 
I  es,  a  work-houfe,  and  2  banks.     The  ex- 
I  ports  for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30, 1794, 
I  amounted  to  the  value  of   153,'^65  do!- 
:  lars.     A  fettlement   was    begun   htre.  ia 
j  1623,  by  Captain  Jvlafon  and  other  mer- 
cUiiit-,  among  whom   Sir  F.  Gorgii-s  had 

a  lliire. 


P  O  R 


TO  U 


a  fliare.  They  deligned  to  carry  on  the 
fifliery,  to  make  fait,  trade  with  the  na- 
tives, and  prepare  and  colkcft  himber. 
As  Hgri culture  was  only  a  fecondary  ob- 
ject, the  fettlcmcnt  failed.  The  town 
was  incorporated  in  1633.  It  is  lo  miles 
S  W  of  York,  aa  N  of  Newburv-Port, 
and  65  N  N  E  of  Bofton. 

Portfmouthy  a  townfliip  of  good  land  on 
the  N  end  of  Rhode-Tfland,  Newport  co. 
containing  1684  inhabitants,  on  the  road 
from  Newport  to  Briftol. 

PnrtfiJiouth^  a  fmall  fca-port  town  of  N. 
Carolina,  in  Carteret  co.  on  the  Nend  of 
Core  Bank,  near  Ocrecock  Inlet.  Its  chief 
inhabitants  are  fifliermen  and  pilots. 

Port/mouthy  a  poft  totvn,  pleafant,  flour- 
ifliing,  and  regularly  built,  in  Norfolk  co. 
Virginia,  on  the  W  fide  of  Elizabeth  Riv- 
er, oppofite  to  and  a  mile  diftant  from  I 
Norfolk ;  both  which  conftitute  but  one 
port    of  entry.     It  contained,  in    1790,  | 
about  300  houfes,  and  1701  inhabitants,  I 
including  did  (laves.     It  is  iii  miles  E  I 
by  S  of  Peterfburg,  and  ^'^^  from  Wafli-  | 
ington.     See  Norfolk.  I 

Port/mouth,  a  town  on  the  N  W  fide  of  j 
the  ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  W.  Indies,  I 
on  Prince  Rupert's  Bay,  between  the  fait-  , 
■works  and  the  coaft.  i 

Port  Tobacco,  a  port  town  of  Maryland,  i 
and  capital  of  Charles  co.  fituated  a  little  ; 
above  the  confluence  of  two  fmall  ftreams  j 
which  form  the  creek  of  its  name,  which  { 
empties  through  the  N  bank  of  the  Pa-  | 
towmac,  at  Thomas's  Point,  about  four  i 
miles  below  the  town.  It  contains  about  j 
80  houfes,  and  a  large  Epifcopal  church,  | 
not  in  good  repair,  and  a  ware-houfe  for  j 
the  infpecfl:ion  of  tobacco.  In  the  vicini-  | 
ty  are  the  celebrated  cold  waters  of  i 
Mount  Mifery.  It  is  5a  miles  S  W  of  i 
Annapolis,  83  S  S  W  of  Baltimore,  and  | 
34  from  Wafli ington.  I 

Partu^al  Point.      See  Tortus.  j 

Pottufucfe  America^  or  Bra-zil.,  lies  be-  j 
tween  the  equator  and  the  35th  degree 
of  S  lat.  and  between  35  and  60  W  long. ' 
On  the  coaft  are  three  fmall  iflands,  where  | 
fliips  touch  for  proviiions  on  their  voy-  } 
age  to  the  S.  Seas,  viz.  Fernando,  St,  Pur-  j 
larOf  and  St.  Catherines.  See  Brazil.  Since  j 
the  difcovery  of  the  mines  of  Brazil,  that  i 
is,  within  the  laft  70  or  80  years,  Portu-  j 
gal  has  drawn  from  Brazil  2,400  millions  , 
of  livrcs,  or  100  millions  of  pounds  fter-  | 
ling.  Bcfides  thefe  large  fums  of  money,  ' 
fije  receives  from  Brazil  large  quantities  '■ 
of  cocoa,  fugar,  rice,  train-oil,  whale- 
feonc,  coffee,  and  medicinal  drugs,  j 


I  Potaffaitge,  Middlefcx  co,  ConncAJcufi 
Here  is  a  port  office  368  miles  from  Wafh- 
ington. 

Potatoe,  a  bay  on  the  S  coafl:  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Chriftopher's,  W.  Indies. 

Potoft,a  town  in  Peru,  in  the  archbifli- 
opric  of  Plata  and  province  of  Los  Char- 
cos,  75  miles  S  E  of  the  city  of  La  Plata. 
The  famous  mountain  of  this  name  is 
known  all  over  the  commercial  world, 
for  the  immenfe  quantities  of  filver  it 
has  produced.  The  mines  in  its  vicinity 
are  now  much  exhaufted,  although  flill 
very  rich  ;  and  the  town,  which  once 
contained  90,000  inhabitants,  Spaniard* 
and  Indians,  (of  which  the  latter  com- 
pofed  about  four-fifths)  does  not  now 
contain  above  25,000,  according  to  Rob- 
ertfon,  but  Holms  eftimates  them  at 
100,000.  The  principal  mines  are  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  mountain,  and 
their  diretSlion  is  from  N  to  S.  The  moft: 
intelligent  people  of  Peru  have  obfcrvcd 
that  this  is  the  general  diredion  of  the 
richeft  mines.  The  fields  round  Potoft 
arc  cold,  barren,  and  bear  little  e.lfethan 
oats,  which  feldom  ripen,  but  are  cut  up 
and  given  for  forage  in  the  blade  ;  and 
proviiions  are  brought  here  from  the 
neighbouring  provinces.  I^at.  ai  S,  long. 
77  W. 

Potterif  a  townfhip  of  Centre  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,  on  Sufquehaniwh  River,  ha» 
1 170  inhabitants. 

Potttrjlcivn,  in  Huntington  co.  N,  Jer- 
fey,  is  about  5  miles  E  of  Lebanon,  and 
about  22  N  W  of  New-Erunfwick. 

Pottfgro've,  a  poll:  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
on  the  N  bank  of  Schuylkill  River,  17 
miles  S  E  of  Reading,  and  37  N  W  of 
Philadelphia. 

Poughkeepjte,  a  port  town  and  capital  of 
Dutchcfs  CO.  N.York,  delightfully  fituated 
a  mile  from  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon's  River, 
and  contains  a  number  of  neat  dwellings, 
a  court  houfc,  a  church  for  Prelbyterians, 
one  for  Epifcopalians,  and  an  academy. 
Here  is  alio  a  printing  oflice.  It  is  about 
28  miles  N  W  ofDanbury,  in  Connedticut, 
84  N  of  New  York  city,  and  81  S  of  Al- 
bany. The  townllxip  is  bounded  S  by 
Wappinger's  Kill,  or  Creek,  and  W  by 
Hudfon  River.  It  contains  3,246  inhab- 
itants. 

Poultney,  a  fmall  river  of  Vermont, 
which  falls  into  Eafl  Br*y.  In  1783,  the 
river  burft  through  its  bank,  near  tha 
place  where  it  receives  Caftlcton  Rivcr» 
and  formed  a  new  channel,  leaving  it» 
former  bed    dry. 


?  o  w 


PRE 


fouttney,  n  confidcrable  and  flourifliing 
port  town  in  Rutland  co.  Vermont,  bound- 
ed W  by  Hampton  in  N.  York,  which  ad- 
joins Skeenfborough  on  the  W.  It  con- 
tains 1,694  inhabitnnts. 

Pcumaron^  or  Pumarott^  a  river  on  the 
coaft  of  Surrinam,  whofe  E  point  is  Cape 
Naflau,  or  Cape  Drooge. 

Poundrrdvre^  a  towniliip  in  Wefl  Cheftcr 
CO,  N.  Yotk,  bounded  S  by  the  State  of 
Conne6ticut,  E  and  N  by  Salem,  and  W 
by  Bedford.     It  contains  1,265   i»babit 
ants. 

PoiveWs  Creek^  in  TenncfTee,  rifes  In 
Powell's  Mountain,  runs  S  W,  and  enters 
Clinch  River,  through  its  N  bank  ;  38 
miles  N  E  of  Knoxviile.  It  is  faid  to  be 
navigable  in  boats  100  miles. 

PoivelCs  Valley^  lies  between  Powell  and 
Cumberland  Mountains,  and  is  between 
80  and  90  miles  in  length,  and  from  10 
to  18  wide.  It  is  a'moft  equally  divided 
between  Virginia  and  TcnnefTce.  It  is 
not  one  uniform  level ;  but  includes  fome 
knobs  and  ridges.  It  is  however  a  pleaf- 
ant  part  of  the  country.  The  foil  is  gen- 
erally flrong  and  eafy  to  cultivate.  Some 
parts  of  it  are  of  the  firft  quality.  The 
water  is  good  and  plenty,  and  the  air  fa- 
lubrious.  Grafs,  grain,  corn,  flax,  hemp, 
fruit-trees,  &c.  do  well  in  it  ;  and  the 
Tenneflee  part  produces  cotton.  It  af- 
fords many  elegant  profpe6ts,  admits  of 
beautiful  roads,  is  furniflied  with  good 
quarries  of  ftone,  as  well  as  good  timber 
for  building ;  and  poflefles  a  very  advan- 
tageous outlet  for  boats,  by  means  of  Pow- 
ell's River,  which  alfo  is  well  flocked  witli 
fiili.  About  the  middle  of  the  valley  is 
a  natural  bridge  over  a  fmall  creek  form- 
ed by  3  regular  arches,  50  feet  long,  40 
high,  and  ao  wide.  In  that  part  of  ihis 
valley  which  is  in  Tenneflee,  Anderfon  co. 
is  a  poft  office  550  miles  from  Walbington. 

Poivbatan,  the  ancient  name  of  James 
River,  in  Virginia. 

Porvbatati,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  by  James  River,  which  fcparates  it 
from  Goochland,  and  8  by  Amelia  co.  It 
has  its  name  in  honour  of  the  famous  In- 
dian king,  the  father  of  Pocahontas.  It 
contains  2,738  free  inhabitants,  and  5031 
flaves.  The  court  houfd  in  the  above  coun- 
ty, where  is  a  poft  office,  is  1 7  miles  from 
Carterfville,  and  310  from  Philadelphia. 

Pownal,  a  flourifliiing  townlbip  in  the 
S  W  corner  of  Vermont,  Bennington  co. 
S  of  the  town  of  Bennington.  It  contiiins 
1,692  inhabitants.  Mount  Belcher,  a  por- 
tion of  which  is  within  the  town  of  Pow- 

Vot,  I,  M  M  m 


nal,  ft^nds  partly  in  3  of  the  States,  viz. 
N.  York,  Vermont,  and  MalTachufctts. 
Mount  Anthony,  aifo,  one  of  the  moft 
remarkable  mountains  in  Vermont,  lies 
between  this  and  Bennington.  Hoofack 
River  winds  beautifully  through  the  S 
part  of  this  town. 

Poivnalborough^  Lincoln  CO.  Maine,  on 
the  E  fide  of  Kcnnebeck  River,  now  Wif- 
cafTet  ;  which  fee. 

Pszuotv,  a  fmall  river  of  EfTcx  co.  Maf- 
I'achufetts,  which  rifcs  in  Kingfton  in  N. 
Hampfliire.  In  its  courfc  it  paf^cs  over 
fcveral  falls,  on  which  are  mills  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  and  empties  into  Merrimack 
River,  7  miles  from  the  fea,  between  the 
towns  of  Salifbury  and  Amcfbury,  con- 
nected by  a  convenient  bridge,  with  a 
draw,  acrofs  the  river.  It  is  navigable  a 
mile  from  its  mouth,  and  many  veflcis  arc 
built  on  its  banks. 

Poyaisy  a  town  of  N.  America,  on  the 
W  fide  of  Black  River,  in  the  province  of 
Honduras,  about  no  miles  W  N  W  of 
Secklong,  and  SS  S  of  Cape  Cameron, 
which  forms  the  N  poiut  of  the  entrance 
of  the  river  in  the  Sea  of  Honduras. 

Prairie  de  Rocher^  La,  or  The  Rock  Mead" 
oivs,  a  fettlement  in  the  Indiana  Territo- 
ry, on  the  E  fide  of  the  Mifliiippi,  on  a 
ftreara  which  empties  into  the  Miffifippi, 
1%  miles  to  the  S.  It  is  15  miles  N  W  of 
Kafkafkias  village,  and  5  N  E  by  E  of 
Fort  Chartres.  About  30  years  ago  it 
contained  100  white  inhabitants,  and  So 
negroes. 

Prairie^  La,  a  populous  little  village, 
with  narrow  dirty  ftreets,  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Canada,  i8  miles  N  of 
St.  John,  and  9  S  W  of  Montreal. 

Prajlin,  Port,  is  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
lands  of  the  Arfacides,  in  S  lat.  7  25,  E 
long,  from  Paris  155  32;  difcovered  and 
entered  by  M.  de  Surville,  0(5t.  1 2,  176^ 
The  iflands  which  form  this  port  are  cov- 
ered with  trees,  and  at  high  water  arc 
partly  overflowed.  The  artful  native* 
entrapped  fome  of  Surville's  men  in  an 
ambufcade,  in  confcquence  of  which  30 
or  40  of  the  favagcs  were  killed.  The 
inhabitants  of  thefe  iflands  are  in  general 
of  the  negro  kind,  with  black  woolly 
hair,  flat  noles,  and  thick  lips. 

Ptefque  IJle  Major y  of  the  St.  LawrenCC, 

U.  Canada,  is  in  front  of  the  townfliip  of 
Matilda,  above  Point  Iroquois. 

Prefquc  IJjy  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
U.  Canada,  is  in  Edwardfliurgh,  nearly 
oppofite  to  Hofpital  Ifland,  aud  above 
Pointc  au  Gailope. 

Prefyut 


p  11 1 


p  R  r 


^refque  JJle,  a  fmall  ptniiifiila,  on  the 
S  E  fliore  of  Lake  Erie,  S  of  Long  Point, 
on  the  oppofite  fide  of  the  lake  ;  15  miles 
from  Fort  Beauf,  and  60  N  by  W  of  Ve- 
nango, on  Alleghany  River.  The  garri- 
Ibn  jg  upon  a  very  coirimandiug  fpot,  jufc 
oppofite  the  entrance  of  the  bay.  I'he 
town  commences  30  yards  W  of  the  old 
Britifli  fort,  leaving  a  vacancy  of  600 
yards  for  a  military  parade  and  public 
^^'alk.  The  town,  which  is  now  build'ng, 
\vill  extend  nearly  3  miles  along  the  lake, 
and  I  mile  back.  It  has  the  beft  harbour 
on  the  S  fide  of  the  lake,  and  bids  fair  to 
be  a  place  of  importance.  It  lit  s  in  lat. 
about  4a  10  N.  Here  is  a  pofi  office  386 
miles  from  Wafliington. 

Preforiy  a  village  on  the  b.^nk  of  the 
Ohio,  in  Kentucky,  jufi:  below  the  -Salt 
Works. 

Frejl»ns  Salines.      See  CcvipbeHs, 

Pitjicn,  a  town  in  N.  London  co.  Con- 
Btdlicut,  6  or  8  miles  E  of  Norwirli,  from 
which  it  is  divided  by  Shefucket  River. 
The  towniliip  was  incorporated  in  1687, 
and  contains  3,440  inhabitants,  who  are 
chiefly  farmcrsS.  Here  are  two  Congre- 
gational Churches,  and  a  fociety  of  Scpa- 
ratifh. 

Pi efvmfcut.     See  Pafumfcut  and  Cafco  Bay. 

Prince  Anne^  a  maritime  CO.  of  Vir- 
ginia. It  is  bounded  W  by  Norfolk  co. 
S  by  N.  Carolina,  N  by  the  Chefapeak 
Bay.  It  is  30  miles  long,  29  broad,  con- 
taining 5,385  white,  and  3,574  black  in- 
habitants. 

Prlncefs  Ann,  a  poft  town  of  Maryfand, 
on  the  E  fhore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  in 
Somerfet  co.  on  the  E  iide  of  Monokin 
River,  89  miles  S  E  of  Baltimore,  and 
178  S  by  W  of  Philadelphia.  \l  contains 
about  aoo  inhabitants. 

Prince  Edivard,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
between  the  Blue  Ridge  and  the  tide- 
waters. It  contains  5,041  free  inhabit- 
ants, and  5,921  fl'ivet.  Hampden  Syd- 
ney College  is  in  this  county.  "I'he  build- 
ing is  3  fl^ories  high,  and  large  enough  to 
accommodate  60  Audeuts.  The  court 
houfe,  at  which  is  a  port  office,  is  38 
miles  from  Cumberland  court  houfe,  50 
from  Lynchburg,  and  358  from  Phila- 
delphia. The  principal  rivers  are  BufFa- 
loe,Briery,and  Bull).  The  foil  in  the  mid- 
dle and  on  the  N  fide,  bordering  on  the 
Appamaltox,  is  of  a  good  quality  ;  the 
W  and  S  part  is  lefs  fertile.  In  diis  coun- 
ty are  3  Epifcopal,  3  Prtfbyterian,  3 
Baptifi^,  and  l  Methodift  church. 

Printt  Ediuatd  Cuuuty  is  bounded  S  by 


;  Lake  Ontario,  W  by  the  carrying  ptace, 
I  on  the  Ifthmus  of  the  Prefque  Ifle  dc 
j  Qninte,  N  by  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  and  E 
I  frorn  Point  Pleafant  to  Point  Travcrfc, 
by  \\7,  feveral  fliores  and   bays,  includ- 
ing the  late  townfnips  of  Ameliafburgh^ 
Sophiafburgh  and  Maryfburgh.     It  com- 
prehends all  the  iflands'in  Lake  Ontario, 
and  the  Bay  of  Qinnie  near  to  it.     Smyth. 

Prince  Edtvard'sIJes.  See  Wajhingtons  IJles^ 

Prince  Frederick,  a  pariilx  in  George- 
town diftria,  S.  Carolina. 

Prince  Frederick,  the  chief  town  of  Cal- 
vert CO.  Maryland  ;  3  miles  foutherly  of 
Huntingtown,  and  6  N  E  of  Benedict. 

Prince  Geftrgf,  a  paiifii  oi  Georgetown 
diftricl,  S.  Carolina.  « 

Prince  Ger>rge,  a  county  of  Virginia^ 
bounded  N  by  James  River,  Avhich 
waflics  it  about  ^^1;  miles.  The  medium 
breadth  is  16  miles.  It  contains  3,045 
free  inhabitants,  and  4,380  flaves.  There 
are  5  Epifcopal  churches  in  the  county, 
one  meeting  for  Friends,  and  feveral 
Methodifl  meetings.  The  Baptifts  have 
occafional  meetings,  and  to  this  fe(5l  the 
negroes  feem  particularly  attached.  It 
is  a  fruitful  country,  and  abounds  witli 
wheat,  corn,  flax,  cotton,  and  tobacco. 
Cotton  here  is  an  annual  plant  ;  and  in 
fummer,  moft  of  the  inhabitants  appear 
in  outer  garments  of  their  own  manufac- 
ture. The  timber  confifirs  of  oaks  of  va- 
rious kinds,  and  of  a  good  quality,  fuffi- 
cient  to  build  a  formidable  navy,  and 
within  a  convenient  didance  of  naviga- 
tion. It  has  all  the  difFerent  fpecie*, 
knovm  in  the  eaftern  States,  and  others 
which  do  not  grow  there.  Here  is  alfo 
abundance  of  wild  grapes,  flowering 
fhrubs,  farfaparilla,  fnake-root,  and  gin- 
fcng.  Apples  are  inferior  in  fpirit  and 
taftc  £0  ihofe.  in  the  eaflern  States;  but 
peaches  have  a  flavour  unknown  there. 
The  almond  and  Sg  grow  here  in  the  opcu 
air.  Immenfe  quantities  of  pork  and  ba- 
con are  cured  here,  and  form  the  princi- 
pal food  of  the  inhabitants.  Veal  is  ex- 
cellent ;  mutton  IndiiTerent  ;  poultry  of 
every  kind  in  perf£<i>ion  and  in  abun- 
dance. The  w inters  are  fliort  and  gen- 
erally pltafint  ;  and  the  country  cannot 
be  conftdered  unhealthy. 

Prime  George,  a  county  of  Maryland, 
on  the  W  fliore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  be- 
tween Patowmic  and  Patuxet  Rivers,  and 
is  watered  by  numerous  creeks  which 
empty  into  thofe  rivers.  The  eaflera 
coi-ner  of  the  territory  of  Columbia,  bor- 
ders upon  the  W  part  of  this  county.  It 
contains 


P  R  I 


r  R  I 


contains   11,183'    inhabitants,   of  whom 
13,191  are  flaves. 

Prince  of  IValts,  Cape^  is  remarkable  for 
being  the  moft  wclterly  point  of  the  con- 
tinent of  I>I.  Anierica,  and  the  eaftern  lim- 
it of  Behring's  Straits,  between  Alia  and 
America  ;  the  two  continents  bf-ing  here 
only  about  39  miles  apart.  The  mid 
channel  has  xH  fathoms  water.  N  iat.  6$ 
46,  W  long.  i6u  15. 

Piince  ijf  Wub.i^  Forts  in  New  North 
Wales,  N  America,  a  factory  belonging 
to  the  Britirt)  Hutifon's  Bay  Company,  on 
Churchill  Riven  The  nrtau  henc  here 
■is  18  7 

Leaft  heat         — 45 
Gre^tcft  heat        85 
It  Iks  in  Iat.  58  47  30  N,  and  long.  94   7 
30  W. 

Princt  of  Wales  Jfland,  in  tlie  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  is  about  'zo  leagues  long,  and  W 
10  S,  dilt:ant48  leagues  from  Otaheite,  or 
King  George's  Illand.  S  Iat.  15,  and  W 
long.  151  53  at  the  W  end.  The  varia- 
tion of  the  needle  in  1766,  was  5  %o  £. 

Prince  Rupert's  JBjy,  0\\  the  N  W  coaft 
t'f  the  iiland  of  Dominica,  one  of  the  Ca- 
ribbee  Iflands,  where  tliere  is  excellent 
flichcr  from  the  winds.  It  is  deep,  capa- 
cious and  fand)%  and  is  the  principal  bay 
in  the  ifland.  It  is  of  great  advantage  in 
time  of  a  war  with  France,  as  a  fleet  may 
here  intercept  all  the  W.  India  trade.  On 
this  bay  is  fittiated  the  new  town  of  Portf- 
mouth,  N  of  which  is  a  cape  called  Prince 
Rupert's  Head. 

Prims  s  Say^  on  the  S  fide  cf  Statea  Ifl- 
and, N.  York. 

Princeton y  A  townfliip  of  Maflach  ufctts, 
Worccftcr  co.  15  miles  N  by  W  of  Wor- 
cefter,  and  51  W  by  N  of  Bofton.  The 
townlhip  contains  19,000  acres  of  elevat- 
ed, hilly,  but  llrong  and  rich  laud,  adapt- 
ed to  grafs  and  grain.  Excellent  beef, 
butter  and  checfe,  are  its  principal  pro- 
duAions.  The  manfion-houfe  and  farm 
of  his  Honor  the  late  Lieut.  Governor 
Gill,  one  of  the  moft  elegant  fituations, 
and  fineft  farms  in  the  Commonwealth,  is 
in  this  town,  and  adds  much  to  its  orna- 
ment and  wealth.  A  handfome  Congre- 
gational church,  on  a  high  hill,  com- 
mands a  molt  extenfive  and  rich  profpccl 
of  the  furrounding  country.  Wachufett 
Mountain,  the  moft  noted  in  the  State,  is 
ia  the  N  part  of  the  townfliip.  Here,  as 
in  many  other  towns,  is  a  valuable  focial 
library.  Princeton  was  incorporated  in 
1759,  and  contains  lozi  inhabitajits. 

Printetsrif  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jcrfty,  fit- 


(uated  partly  in  Middlefex,  and  partly  in 
Somerlet  counties.  Naflau  Hall  College, 
an  infiitution  wbich  has  produced  a  great 
1  nund:cr  of  eminent  fcholars,  is  very  pleaf- 
antly  ikuattd  in  the  compa<ft  part  of  this 
town.  Here  a;e  about  80  dweiling- 
houfes,  and  a  brick  Prelbyterian  church. 
The  college  edifice,  is  a  handfome  ftonc 
building,  of  180  feet  by  54,  four  ftorics 
high,  and  ftancls  on  an  elevated  and 
healthful  fp'>t,  and  commands  an  exten- 
five ?.nd  dthgluiul  profpedl.  The  eftat)- 
lilLnvcnc,  in  1796,  confifled  of  a  prefi- 
deni,  wiw)  if?  xiifo  ^irofefTur  of  moral  phi- 
loiophr,  theology,  natural  and  revealed  ; 
hiftory,  and  eloquence  ;  a  profeficr  of 
mathematics,  natural  phiiolbphy,  and 
artronomy .;  a  profefi"or  of  chymiftry, 
whicli  fabject  is  treated  in  reference  to 
agriculture  and  manufatSlurcs,  as  well  as 
medicine  :  befides  thefe,  two  tutors  have 
the  inftruiStion  of  the  two  loweft  claiTes. 
The  clwice  of  the  clafllcal  books,  and  the 
arrangement  of  the  fever al  branches  of 
cducaticn,  of  the  lectures,  and  of  other 
literary  excrcifes,  arefuch,  as  tv)  give  the 
(Indents  the  beft  opportunity  tor  im- 
provement, in  the  whole  Encyclopedia 
of  fcience.  I'he  number  of  ftudents  is 
from  70  to  90,  befides  the  grammar 
fchool.  The  annual  income  cf  the  col- 
lege at  prefent,  by  the  fees  of  the  flu- 
dents,  and  otherwife,  is  about  ^1000 
currency  a  year.  It  lias,  befides,  funds 
in  pofltlEon,  through  the  extraordinary 
hberality  of  Mr.James  Leflie,of  N.  York, 
and  Mrs.  Efthcr  Richards,  of  Rahway,  to 
the  amount  of  10,000  dolls,  for  the  edu- 
cation of  poor  and  pious  youth  for  the 
miniftry  of  the  golpel ;  and  the  revcrfion 
of  an  eftate  in  Philadelphia  for  the  fame 
purpofe,  of  between  ^C^oo  and  >C3'^c>  per 
annum,  a  legacy  of  the  lace  Mr.  Hugh 
Hodge,  a  man  of  eminent  piety,  which  is 
to  come  to  the  college  at  the  death  of  a. 
very  worthy  and  aged  wido.v.  The  col- 
lege library  was  almoft  wholly  dtftroyed 
during  the  late  war ;  and  again,  in  the 
fpring  of  1802,  when  the  college  was 
burnt  by  defign  or  accident.  But  by  the 
liberal  donations  of  gentlemen  in  the 
cities  and  principal  towns  in  the  United 
States,  the  college  has  beta  rebuilt,  and 
a  new  library  collected.  Before  the  war, 
this  college  was  furnilhed  with  a  philo- 
fophical  apparatus,  worth  £500,  which 
(except  the  elegant  orrery  conftrudicd  by 
Mr.  Rittenhoufe)  was  almoft  entirely  de- 
riroyed  by  the  Brit i ill  army  in  the  late 
war.  Prmcttoa  i$  1%  miks  N  £  of  Tren- 
ton , 


PRO 


PRO 


ton,  18  S  W  of  Brunfwick,  53  S  W  of 
N.  York,  and  4  z  N  E  of  Philadelphia.  N 
lat.  40  2  2  li,  W  long.  74  34  45. 

Frrncct'jtiy  a  fmall  poll  town  of  N.  Car- 
olina, 3  niiifs  from  Murfrteborough,and 
35  from  Hnlifax. 

Pt'tncc  William^  A  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  W  by  Farquier,  and  E  by  Pa- 
tomac  Rivtr,  which  divides  it  fron^  Ma- 
ryland. It  contains  7,317  free  inhabit- 
ants, and  5,4  16  flaves. 

Frincs  IViiliam  a  parifh  in  Beaufort 
diftridl,  S.  Carolina. 

Prince  iVillia?n"s  Sovnd,  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  N.  America,  lies  E  of  the  mouth 
of  Cook's  River.  At  its  mouth  arc  three 
iflands,  Montague,  Rofe,andKay.  It  was 
judged  by  Captain  Cook  to  occupy  a  de- 
gree and  a  half  of  latitude,  and  two  of 
longitude,  ^xclufively  of  its  arms  and 
branches,  which  were  not  explored. 

Fro.      See  Foint  le  Fro. 

FrofptBy  a  port  town  of  Maine,  late 
part  of  Frankfort^  is  oppoGte  Buckftown, 
on  Penohlcot  River,  16  miles  below  Or- 
rington,  and  736  from  Wafliington. 

FrofpeSi  Harbour^  on  the  S  coaft  of  No- 
va-Scotia,  has  Cape  Sambro  and  Ifland 
eaftward,  and  is  a  leagues  N  E  of  St.  Mar- 
garet's Bay. 

FrfpeR  Hill,  Fairfax  co.  Virginia.  Here 
is  a  p')ft  office  14  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Fr't'dence,  a  liver  which  fails  into  Nar- 
ragauict  Baj  on  the  W  fide  of  Rhode- 
Ifland.  It  riles  by  feveral  branches,  part 
of  which  come  from  Maflachufctts.  It  is 
navigable  as  far  as  Providence  for  fliips 
of  9C0  ions  30  miles  from  the  icA,  It  af- 
fords fine  fifli,  oyftcrs  and  lobflcrs. 

Froviden,t\  a  county  of  Rhode  Ifland 
State,  boundtd  by  Maflachufetts  N  and 
E,  by  Connedlicut  W,  and  Kent  co.  S. 
It  contains  9  townfliips,  and  2^,854  in- 
habitants. Scituate  is  famous  for  its  ex- 
cel hnt  cannon  foundtry. 

FroviJence,  the  chief  town  of  the  above 
CO.  fituated  30  miles  N  by  W  from  New- 
port, and  35  from  the  fea,  at  the  head  of 
navigation  of  Narraganfet  Bay,  on  both 
fides  of  Providence  River,  the  two  parts 
of  the  town  being  connecStcd  by  a  bridge 
160  feet  long  and  zz  wide.  It  is  the  old- 
eft  t<\vn  in  tht  State,  having  been  fettled 
by  Roger  Williams  and  his  company  in 
1636  ;  and  lies  in  lat  41  49  N,  and  long. 
71  23  W,  44  miles  S  by  W  of  Bofton,  and 
2191  N  E  of  Philadelphia.  Ships  of  almoft 
any  fizc,  fail  up  and  down  the  channel, 
vrhich  is  marked  out  by  flakes,  creCled 
at  points  of  fboaU  and  bedi  lying  ia  the 


river,  fo  that  a  ftrangcr  may  corae  up  to 
the  town  without  a  pilot.  A  (hip  of  950 
tons,  for  the  Eaft  India  trade,  was  built  in 
this  town,  and  fitted  for  fca.  In  1764, 
there  were  belonging  to  the  county  of 
Providence  54  fail  of  vcfTcIs,  containinjj 
4,3*0  tons.  In  i790,there  were  129  vef- 
fels,  containing  11,942  tons.  This  town 
fufFered  much  by  tlie  Indian  war  of  1675, 
when  a  number  of  its  inhabitants  re- 
moved to  Rhode  Ifland  for  flieher.  In 
the  late  war,  the  cafe  was  reverfed  ;  ma- 
ny of  the  inhabitants  oi  that  illand  re- 
moved to  Providence*  The  public  build- 
ings are  an  elegant  meeting  houfe  for 
Baptifts,  80  feet  fqnare,  with  a  lofty  and 
beautiful  fteeple,  and  a  large  bcH  caU  at 
the  Hope  Furnace  in  Scituate  ;  a  meeting 
houft  for  Friends  or  Quakers ;  three  for 
Congrtgationalifts,  one  of  which,  lately 
trcdted,  is  the  moft  elegant,  perhaps,  in 
the  United  States;  au  Epifcopal  church; 
a  handfome  court  houfe,  70  feet  by  40,  in 
which  is  depofited  a  library  for  the  ufe 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and  coun- 
try; a  workhoufe,  a  market  houfe,  80 
feet  long  and  40  wide,  and  a  brick  fchool* 
houfe,  in  which  four  fchools  are  kept. 
Rhode  Ifland  college  is  cftablifhed  at 
Providence.  The  elegant  building  crc(5t- 
ed  for  its  accommodation,  is  fituated  ou 
a  hill  to  the  E  of  the  town  ;  and  while 
its  elevated  fituation  renders  it  delightful, 
by  commanding  an  extenfive,  variegated 
profpedl,  it  furniflves  it  with  a  pure,  fa- 
lubrious  air.  The  edifice  is  of  brick,  four 
ftories  high,  150  feet  long,  and  46  wide, 
with  a  projc(5li<)n  of  20  feet  each  fide. 
It  has  48  rooms  for  fludents,  and  8  larger 
ones  for  public  ufes.  The  roof  is  flated. 
It  is  a  flourifliing  feminary,  and  contain! 
upwards  of  60  ftudents.  It  has  a  library 
containing  between  i  ?nd  3000  volumes, 
and  a  valuable  philofophical  apparatus. 
The  houfes  in  this  town  are  generally 
built  of  wood,  though  there  are  fome 
brick  buildings  which  are  large  and  ele- 
gant. At  a  convenient  Uifliance  from  the 
town,  an  hofpital  for  the  fmall-pox  and 
other  difeafes  has  been  erecSted.  There 
are  two  fpermaccti  works,  a  number  of 
diflillerics,  fugar  houfes,  and  other  manu- 
fadlorics.  Several  forts  were  erecSled  in 
and  near  the  town  during  the  war,  which, 
however,  are  not  kept  in  repair.  It  ha» 
an  extenfive  trade  vrith  Maflachufetts, 
ConnttSlicut,  and  part  of  Vermont ;  with 
thcW.Indies,withEuropc,and  lately  with 
the  E,  Indies  and  China.  Several  'bankfi 
have  *lfo  becB  tftabliikcd  be^cc,  and  a  cot- 

t«* 


PRO 


P  U  E 


ton  manufaaory,  which  employs  Ipo 
hand* ;  with  which  is  conntdlcd  a  mill 
for  fpinning  cotton,  on  the  model  of  Sir 
R.  Arkwright»9  mill.  It  is  ereacd  at 
Pawtucket  Falls,  in  North  Providence, 
and  is  the  firft  of  the  kind  built  in  Amer- 
ica. The  txportR  for  one  year,  ending 
Sept.  30,  T794,  amounted  to  the  value  of 
643,373  dollars.  It  contains  7,614  in- 
habitants, all  free. 

Providence,  North,  a  townfliip  of  Rhode 
IHand,  in  Providence  co.  N  of  the  town 
of  Providence,  and  feparatcd  from  the 
State  of  Maflachufetts  on  the  E  by  Paw- 
tucket River.  It  contains  1,067  inhabi- 
tants. Pawtucket  Falls,  in  this  town,  are 
4  miles  N  of  Providence.  This  town 
was  formerly  a  part  of  Providence. 

Providsnce,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  In 
Saratoga  co.  taken  from  Galway,  and  in- 
corporated in  1796.  it  has  1,888  inhab- 
itants. 

Providence^  Upper  and  Loiver^  townfhips 
in  Delaware  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Providence,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Pennfylvania.  It  has  1,546  inhabit- 
ants. 

Providence^  one  of  the  Bahama  IHands, 
and  the  fecond  in  lize  of  thofe  fo  called  ; 
being  about  36  miles  in  length  and  16  in 
breadth.  N  lat.  24  58,  W  long,  at  its  E 
part,  77  21.  It  \\A%  formerly  called  y^^a- 
*o,  and  is  frequently  named  Nevt  Provi- 
dence.    Chief  town,  Naflau. 

Providence,  an  uninhabited  iHand  on 
the  coafl:  of  Honduras,  1 1  miles  long  and 
4  broad.  It  h^s  a  fertile  foil,  wholefome 
air,  and  plenty  of  water,  and  might  be 
eafily  fortified.  It  is  feparated  from  the 
continent  by  a  narrow  channel.  Here 
arc  neither  ferpents  nor  venomous  rep- 
tiles.    N  lat.  13  a6,  W  long.  80  45. 

Province,  an  ifland  in  Delaware  River, 
6  miles  below  Philadelphia.  It  is  joined 
to  the  main  land  by  a  dam. 

Province  Toiun  is  fituated  on  the  hook 
of  Cape  Cod,  in  Barnftablc  co.  Maflachu- 
fetts, 3  miles  N  W  of  Race  Point.  Its 
harbour,  which  is  one  of  the  befl:  in  the 
State,  opens  to  the  fouthward,  and  has 
depth  of  water  for  any  fhips.  This  was 
the  firft  port  entered  by  the  Englifli 
v/hen  they  came  to  fettle  in  N.  England, 
in  1620.  It  has  been  in  a  thriving  and 
decaying  ftate  many  times.  It  is  now  rif- 
Ing,  and  contains  8ta  inhabitants,  whofe 
folc  dependence  is  upon  the  cod  fifli- 
ery,  in  which  they  employ  more  than 
30  fail,  great  and  fmall.  Ten  of  their 
Tcflcb,  in  1790,  took  11,000  quintals  of 


cod'AHi.  The  fifhlng  veflels  go  to  New- 
foundland, the  coaft  of  Labrador,  and 
Chaleur  Bay,  and  bring  home  annually 
about  33,000  quintals  of  fifli,  eftimated 
at  34  dollars  per  quintal.  Three  hundred 
men  and  boys  are  employed  in  this  bufi* 
nefs.  I'hcy  arc  fo  expert  and  fuccelT- 
ful,  that  they  had  not  loft  a  veflel  or  a 
man  in  the  bufinefs,  from  the  clofe  of  the 
war  till  1790.  Here  are  9c  ftores  for 
flfli,  5  for  fmoking  herring;  alfo  136 
dwelling  houfcs,  and  a  windmills,  one  of 
which  goes  with  fliers  inflde,  and  appears 
like  a  lofty  tower.  Here  is  a  free  mafon's 
hall,  in  the  lower  ftory  of  which  are  two 
fchool  rooms.  The  houfts  are  one  ftory 
high,  and  fet  up  on  piles,  that  the  driving 
fands  may  pafs  under  them  ;  othcrwifc 
they  would  be  buried  in  fand.  They 
raife  nothing  from  their  lands,  but  arc 
wholly  dependent  on  Bofton,  and  the 
towns  in  the  vicinity,  for  every  vegetable 
production.  There  are  but  two  horfes 
and  two  yokes  of  oxen  kept  in  the 
town.  They  have  about  50  cows,  which 
feed  in  the  fpring  upon  beach  grafs, 
which  grows  at  intervals  upon  the  fhore  ; 
and  in  fummer  they  feed  in  the  funken 
ponds  and  marfliy  places  that  are  found 
between  the  fand-hills.  Here  the  cows 
are  feen  wading,  and  even  fwimming, 
plunging  their  heads  into  the  water  up 
to  their  horns,  picking  a  fcanty  fubflft- 
cnce  from  the  roots  and  herbs,  produced 
in  the  water.  They  are  fed  in  the  win- 
ter on  fedge,  cut  from  the  flats.  Here  is 
a  poft  office.  Lat.  4a  3  N,  long.  70  9  W, 
lao  miles  from  Bofton  by  land. 

Prucreos,  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  New 
Spain,  in  the  South  Sea. 

Prudence,  a  fmall  ifland,  nearly  as  large 
as  Canonnicut,  and  lies  N  of  ir,  in  Narra-* 
ganfet  Bay.  It  belongs  to  the  town  of 
Portfmouth,  in  Newport  co.  Rhode  lil.uiid. 
The  N  end  is  nearly  oppolite  to  Briftol 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  bay. 

Puan,  or  Green  Bay,  has  communicatioa 
eaftward  with  Lale  Michigan  ;  which  fee, 
alfo  Green  Bay. 

Puebla  de  los  Angelas,  the  prcfent  capital 
of  the  province  of  Tlafcala,  or  Los  Ange- 
los.      See  Angelas. 

Pueblo  Nuevo,  or  Nezctown,  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  gulf  of  Dolce,  on  the  W  coaft 
of  Mexico.  It  is  7  leagues  N  by  W  of 
Baia  Honda,  or  Deep  Bay.  The  illand 
of  this  name  is  oppoflte  the  town  and 
mouth  of  the  river  of  its  name,  in  the 
bottom  of  Frefli  Water  Bay,  in  lat.  about 
8  50  N,  and  long.  8.;|  a8  W. 

Puerto, 


PUR 

Puerto^  the  Italian  name  for  port. 
Names  of  this  defcnption,  adopted  by 
the  Spaniards  will  be  found  under  Port 
or  Potto. 

Pulajki,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  contain- 
j"g  3  361  inhabitant's,  ot  whom  232  are 
flaves.  At  ithc  court  houfe  is  a  port  of- 
fice, 663  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Puna,  an  ifland  nrartkc  bay  of  Guaya- 
tjuil,  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  ^'bout  laor  14 
leagues  long,  from  E  to  W,  and  4  or  5 
broad.  There  is  an  Indian  town  of  the 
fame  name,  on  its  S  fide,  having  about 
ao  houfcs.  and  a  fmall  church.  The 
houfes  all  fland  on  pofts  10  or  12.  feet 
high,  with  ladders  on  the  outfide  to  go 
up  to  them.  From  the  ifland  Santa  Clara 
in  the  bay  of  Guayaquil  to  the  weltcrnmoft 
point  of  the  iliand,  called  Punta  Arena, 
is  7  leagues  E  N  E.  S  lat.  3  17,  W  long.  81  6. 

Punjo  Bay^  in  Eaft  Florida.  See  Chut 
ham  Bay. 

Punta  Fort,  one  of  the  large  batteries  or 
caftles,  and  the  lecond  in  order,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  harbour  of  the  Havannah, 
in  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  It  is  alfo  called 
Mefa  de  Maria,  or  the  Virgin  Mary's 
Table. 

Punta,  and  Punta  Bra-va,  towns  of  Mex- 
ico.    See  A'i[;e/cs. 

Punta  de  Pedras,  a  Cape  on  the  N  W  ex- 
tremity of  the  peninfula  of  Yucatan,  in 
New  Spain. 

Punta  F.fpada,  the  S  E  point  of  St.  Do- 
mingo  ;  65  leagues,  following  the  turnings 
of  the  coait,  E  of  Nifao,  and  16  leagues 
from  Cape  Raphael.  The  S  E  part  of 
the  ifland  confifls  chiefly  of  exteniive,  rich 
plains. 

Punta  Gorda,  a  peninfula  tm  the  S  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  S  E  of  Ifle  de  Finos, 
90  W  of  the  gulf  of  Xagua,  and  70  E  of 
Bohia  de  Corlcs. 

Punta  Negrillo,  the  weflern  point  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica. 

Purification^  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  14 
leagues  from  the  W  coafl:,  and  maintains 
a  fifhery  near  the  low  lands  of -Chametla. 

Puryjhurg,  a  handfome  town  of  S.  Car- 
olina, in  Beaufort  diftridt,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Savannah  River,  37  miles  from  the 
ocean,  and  -20  from  Savannsh.  It  con- 
tains between  40  and  50  dwelling  houfes, 
and  anEpifcopal  church.  It  took  its  name 
from  John  Peter  Pury,  a  Swifs,  who  fet- 
tled a  colony  of  his  countrymen  here 
about  the  year  1735,  with  a  view  to  the 
eulture  of  filk.  The  mulberry-trees  are 
yet  (landing,  and  feme  attectioa  is  fiill 
f>aid  to  the  making  of  filk. 


Q^U  A 

Puta'watatHes,OT  PouteotamieSjlndlSins  who 
inhabit  between  St.  Jofeph's  and  Detroit, 
and  canfurnifh  about joo  warriors.  There 
are  two  tribes  of  this  name,  the  one  of 
the  river  St.  Jofeph,  and  the  other  of  Hu- 
ron. They  were  lately  hofrile  ;  but  at 
the  treaty  of  Greenville,  Auguft  3,  1795, 
they  reded  lands  to  the  United  States  ; 
wlio  in  return  paid  them  a  fum  in  hand, 
and  engaged  to  pay  them  in  goods  to  the 
value  of  1000  dollars  a  year  forever. 

Putney,  a  thriving  port  town  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  on  the  W  fide  of  Con- 
nedlicut  River,  S  of  Wtftminfter.  Inhal»- 
itants   1,574, 

Pylfaarty  an  ifland  of  the  Pacific  Oceaa. 
Lat.  22  22  S.  Iti  grcBteft  breadth  is  a 
quarter  of  a  league.  It  is  fleep  ;  on  its  £ 
fide  ar€  trees. 


5< 


Q:, 


U ADR  AS  Iftes,  on  the  N  W  coafl:  cf 
N.  America,  He  between  Pintard's  Sound 
and  the  Straits  de  Fuca.  Nootka  Souiid 
lies  among  thcie  iflands.  In  1792,  two 
Spanifli  fchooners,  and  'ais  Britannic  ma- 
jeCy's  Ihip  Difcovery,  and  brigantinc 
Chatham,  palled  through  this  channel ; 
but  the  former  firft  ;  hence  Capt.  Ingra- 
ham  called  the  ifles  by  the  name  of  the 
Spanillr  commander. 

^laiertozvn,  a  poft  town  in  Bucks  co. 
Pennfylvania,  184  miles  from  Wafliington. 

^ampeogan  Falls,  at  the  head  of  the 
tide  on  Newichwanock  River,  which 
joins  Pilcataqua  River,  10  miles  from  the 
fea.  The  natives  give  the  Falls  this 
name,  becaufe  fifli  were  there  taken 
with  nets.  At  theic  falls  are  a  fct  of  faw 
and  other  mills  ;  and  a  landini;  place, 
where  great  quantities  of  lumber  is  rafted 
on  fcov/s.  Here  the  river  has  the  Englifh 
name  of  Salmon  Falls  River,  from  the 
plenty  of  falmon  there  caught.  In  the 
memory  of  people  who  lived  50  years 
ago,  thefe  fifli  were  fo  plenty  as  to  be 
firuck  with  fpears  on  the  rocks ;  but 
none  now  alive  remember  to  have  feen 
any  there.  The  faw  mills  vyhere  the  dam 
croiTes  the  ftream  are  the  furc  deftru6lion 
of  that  fpecies  of  fifli.  Tomcod,  or  frolt- 
fillr>  fmelts  and  alcwivcs  abound  here. 
The  place  called  Salmon  Falls  is  covered 
with  ufeful  mills.  Above  thefe  we  meet 
with  the  Great  Falls,  where  faw-mills  are 
continued  to  great  advantage.  On  many 
places  from  Quampeagan  to  the  pond, 
from  whence  it  iflucs,  are  mills  for  board* 
and  corn. 

^htarequa^ 


QJSZ 

^•arequa,  a  place  fituated  in  the  Gulf  j 
of  Darien.  Here  Vafqucs  Nunez  met  j 
wkh  a  colony  of  negroes;  but  how  they  i 
had  arrived  in  that  region,  or  how  long  j 
they  had  relided  iu  It,  are  iK)t  recorded  | 
by  the  Spanilh  hifiorians.  1 

^arle-/'vrll.Oy  a  pofl  town  in  Brunfwick 
■CO.  Virginia,  204  miles  from  Walhington. 
!^ebec,  the  capita),  not  only  of  Lower 
Canada,  but  of  all  BritiHi  America,  is  fit- 
uated  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  St. 
Lawrence  and  St.  Charles,  or  the  Little 
River,  about  2>'^o  miles  from  the  fea.  It 
is  built  on  a  rock,  which  io  partly  of 
marble  and  partly  of  flatc.  The  town  19 
divided  into  Upfer  and  Lo-wer.  Near  it 
is  a  fine  lead  mine.  This  city  contained, 
in  the  year  1784,  6,472  inhabitants,  but 
nov/  has  more  than  10,000,  two  thirds  of 
whom  are  French.  A  large  garriibn  is 
Supported  here,  and  this,  with  the  gover- 
nor's preience,  the  courts,  &c.  render  the 
town  a  gay  and  lively  place.  At  the 
tim.e  when  the  city  was  founded, in  1608, 
the  tide,  it  is  faid,  reached  the  foot  of  the 
rock;  but  fince  that  time  the  river  has 
tunk  fo  far,,  that  a  large  fpot  of  ground  is 
left  dry,  and  oa  this  a  large  fuburb  is 
built,  which  is  .ftykd  the  Leiver  Toivn, 
which  {lands  at  the  foot  af  a  rocky  prec- 
ipice, about  48  feet  high.  The  houfes  in 
the  lower  town,  (as  aUo  thofe  in  the  Up- 
per) are  of  flone.  flrong,  and  v/ell  built, 
and  chiefly  inhabited  by  merchants,  being 
conveniently  near  their  bufinefs.  The 
fortifications  are  extenfivc  but  irregular. 
The  natural  lituation  of  the  town  renders 
Its  defence  eafy.  If  attacked  by  fhrps 
from  the  river,  their  guns  cannot  injure 
the  works  of  the  upper  town,  though  the 
ihips  themfelves  would  be  liable  to  great 
injury  from  the  cannon  and  bombs  from 
thefe  elevated  ramparts.  The  lower  town 
is  defended  by  a  platform  flajiked  with 
two  baftions,  which  at  high  water  and 
fpring  tides  are  almoft  level  with  the  fur- 
face  of  the  water.  A  little  above  the 
ba{t!On,to  the  right,  is  a  half  baflion,  cut 
cut  of  the  rock;  a  little  higher  a  large  bat- 
tery ;  and  higher  ftill  a  fquare  fort,  the 
moft  regular  of  all  the  fortifications,  and 
in  which  the  governor  refides.  The  paf- 
fages  which  form  a  communication  be- 
tween thefe  works  arc  extremely  rugged. 
The  rock  which  feparates  the  upper  from 
the  lower  town,  extends,  with  a  bold  and 
ileep  front,  a  coniiderable  diftance  weft- 
ward,  idong  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  The 
lower  town  is  well  fupplicd  with  water, 
v?liich  is  fometimca  fcarce   iu  the  upper 


QJ3  E 

town.  This  city  was  beficgcd  by  rfie 
Britifli  in  1711,  without  fucccfs;  but  was 
taken  by  them,  in  Sept,  1754,  when  the 
brave  Gen.  Wolf,  who  commanded  the 
array  of  beQegers,  loft  his  life.  In  Dec. 
I775>  't  ^vas  attacked  by  the  Americans 
under  the  command  of  the  brave  Gen. 
Montgomery,  who  was  flain,  and  his  army 
repulfed.  N  lat.  46  48  39,  W  long.  71 
I  a  6. 

^eecly,  a  river  of  Vermont,  which, 
empties  into  ConnetSblcut  River  at  Hart- 
land. 

^'een  Anne,  a  poft  town  of  Prince 
George  co.  Maryland,  fituated  on  the  W 
fide  of  Patuxent  River,  acrofs  which  is  a 
wooden  bridge.  The  town  is  fmall,  but 
is  laid  out  on  a  regular  plan,  at  the  foo* 
of  a  hill.  Here  are  a  few  ftores  and  two 
ware-houfes  for  the  infpe6lion  of  tobacco. 
It  is  %s  miles  E  N  E  of  Walhington,  13, 
S  W  of  Annapolis,  and  39  S  by  W  of 
Baltimore. 

^ccn  Annex,  a  county  of  Maryland, 
l>ouudcd  W  by  Chefapeak  Bay,  and  N 
by  Kent  co.  It  contains  14,8.57  inhabit- 
ants, including  6,517  flaves.  Chief  town, 
Centervillc.  Kent  Illand  belongs  to  this 
county  ;  14  miles  in  length,  from  N  to  S, 
and  6^  in  breadth,  from  E  to  W.  It  i* 
low,  but  fertile  land,  and  its  eaftern  fide 
is  bordered  with  fait  marfli. 

^ecn  Charlottes  I/lands,  on  the  N  W 
coaft  of  North  America,  extend  from  lat, 
51  41  to  54  18  N,  and  from  long.  129 
54  to  133  18  W  from  Greenwich.  Thty 
are  named  Wajhington  IJhs  by  Americaa 
navigators.  / 

^tens,  the  middle  county  of  Long  TH. 
N.  York.  Lloyd's  Neck,  or  Queen's  Vil- 
lage, and  the  illands  called  theTwo  Broth- 
ers and  Hallet's  Jflands,  are  included  in 
this  county.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and 
12  broad,  and  contains  6  townfliips,  and 
16^893  inhabitantSjincluding  1,528  ilaves. 
Jamaica,  Newtown,  Hampftead,in  which 
is  a  handfome  court  houfe.and  Oyfter  Bay, 
are  the  principal  towns  in  this  county. 
The  county  court  houfe  is  8  miles  from 
Jamaica,  10  from  Jericho,  and  20  from 
New  York. 

^cens,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  com- 
prehending a  part  of  the  lands  on  the 
cape,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 
The  fettlements  are  as  follows  :  Argy'e, 
on  the  Sfide  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  whfrc 
a  few  Scotch  and  Acadians  rellde  ;  next 
to  this  is  Yarn\outh,  fettled  cliieHy  by 
emigrants  from  New  England  ;  Barrin?-*. 
ton,  within  the  iilaud,  called  Cape  Satvc-, 

fetded 


QJJ  I 

fctt]ed  originally  by  Quakers  from  Nan- 
tucket. Bcfides  thefc  are  Port  Raifoir, 
fo  called  by  the  French,  and  originally 
fcttkd  by  the  North  Irilh  ;  Liverpool  and 
Port  Rofeway,  fettled  and  inhabited  by 
emigrants  from  New  England. 

^eepfbury^  a  townfliip  in  Wafhington 
CO  N.  York,  bounded  eafterly  by  Weft- 
field  and  Kingfbury.  It  contains  1,435 
inhabitants.  Glen's  Falls  are  in  tiiis 
town. 

^cenjioivn^  in  Queen  Ann's  co.  Mary- 
land, a  poft  town  on  the  E  fide  of  Chcfter 
River,  6  miles  S  W  of  Centerville,  nearly 
ao  E  of  Annapolis,  and  b^  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

^senjloivn^  in  U.  Canada,  b'es  on  the 
"W  fide  of  the  Straits  of  Niagara,  near 
Fort  Niagara,  and  7  miles  below  the  falls. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation,  for  fhips ; 
and  the  portage  occafioned  by  the  falls 
of  Niagara  commences  here.     There  are 
huts  enough  here  to  receive  a  regiment. 
^efne^  Fort  du.     See  Pittjburgb. 
^ibiletoivn^  a  village  in  Middlefex  co. 
N.  Jcrfey,  6  miles  N  of  New  Brunfwick.  ! 
^ibo,  an  ifland  in   the    mouth  of  the  i 
bay  of  Panama.     It  is  uninhabited  ;  but 
affords  wood  and  water  to  fhipping.  j 

^Uca^  a  rich  valley  in  Peru,  on  which  ' 
ftands  the  ancient  city  of  Arequipa.     The  j 
port  of  Quika  is  in  about  lat.  17  8  S,  10  j 
leagues  N  W  of  the  fmall  river  of  Xuly, 
and  6  from  the  volcano  of  Arequipa. 

^illota,  a  fmall  jurifdidtion  of  Chili,  in 
South  America. 

^tnaiaugy  a  river  formerly  called  Mo- 
legan,  which  rifes  in  Brimfield,  Mafla- 
chufetts,  and  is  joined  at  Oxford  by 
French  River,  which  has  its  fource  in  Sut- 
ton, Worcefter  co.  It  runs  a  foutherly 
courfe,  and  empties  into  Shetuckct,  about 
3  miles  above  Norwich  Landing,  in  Con- 
necflicut.  In  the  iiift  part  of  its  courfe 
it  furnilTics  many  good  mill  feats  ;  as  it 
advances,  the  intervals  in  many  places 
are  wide,  and  of  a  moft  excellent  foil. 

^!/!cy,  a  poft  town  of  MafTachufetis, 
in  Norfolk  co.  taken  from  Braintree,  10 
miles  foutherly  of  Bofton.  It  has  1,081 
inhabitants.  The  principal  part  of  the 
inhabitants  are  farmers;  but  large  quan- 
tities of  flioes  and  hoots  are  manufadlur- 
cd  for  exportation.  In  the  town  is  an 
Epifcopal  and  Con2re^;'.tional  church. 
Here  reftdc;  in  eafe  and  dignity  the  ven- 
erable chriftian  patriot  Job?}  Alams,  late 
Prefident  of  the  U.  States.  See  Braintree. 
^ninepaugCy  or  Eijl  River ^  in  Connecti- 
cut, runs  a  foutheriy  courfe,  and  empties  j 


CLU  I 

I  into  the  N  E  corner  of  New  Haven  har- 
bour. 

^infigamond^    Worcefier^   or   Long  Poni^ 
is  a  beautiful  piece  of  water  in  the  form 
of  a  crefcent,  about  5  miles  in  length,  and 
from  60  to  100  rods  broad.     It  is  fttuatcd. 
on  the  line  between  the  towns  of  Wor- 
cefter and  Shrewfbury,  but  the  greater 
part  of  it  is  in  the  latter.     It  is  interfper- 
fed  with  a  number   of  illands,   one   of 
which  is  upwards  of  aoo  acres  in  extant. 
^inti,  Bay  of.     This  bay,  which  may- 
be confidered  throughout  as  a  harbour,  is 
formed  by  a  large  peninfula,  confifting  of 
the  townfliips  of  Ameliafburgh,  Sophiaf- 
burgh,  and  Marylburgh,  extending  eaft- 
erly from  an  ifthmus,  where  there  is  a 
poitage  at  the  head,  or  W  end  of  the 
bay,  to  Point  Pleafant,  the  eafternmoft 
extremity  of  the   peninfula,  oppofite  to 
Amherft  IHand.     The  river  Trent  emp- 
ties into  the  head  of  the  bay,  weftward  of 
the  portage,  and  fupplies  it  with  the  wa- 
ters of  the  Rice  Lake.     Weftward  of  the 
portage,  in  Lake  Ontario,  is  the  harbour 
of  Prefque    Ifte  de  Quintc,  now   called 
New  Caftle.     This  peninfula  of  the  three 
towrnfhips,  called  the  county  of  Prince 
Edward,  extending  from  the  main  land 
like  an  arm,  hides  from  the  Lake  Ontario, 
the  townfliips  of  Sidney,  Thurlow,  Adol- 
phuftown,  and    Frederickfburgh,   which 
front  the  N  fide  of  the  bay.     The  river 
Trent  difcharging  itfclf  between  the  town- 
fliips of  Murray  and  Sidney,  finds  its  paf- 
fage  between   the  county  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward, and  the  townfliips  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  bay;  itsftream  is  increafed  by  the 
Appannee  River,  running  in  from  Cam- 
den, and  dividing  Richmond  from  Fred- 
erickfburgii,  joins  the  waters   of  the  bay 
near  John's  Ifland,  a  fmall  iile  oppofite  to 
a  fettlement  of  Mohawks,  fo  called  after 
Capt.  John,  a  Mohawk  chief,  who  refid- 
ed  there,  and   who   with  fome  others  of 
that  nation,  had  a   tradt   of  land   given 
them  by  the   king  of  Great   Britain,  of 
about  9  miles  in  front  on   the  bay,  and 
about  I z  miles  deep  :  preferring  this  fitu- 
tion,  they  feparated  from  the  rtft  of  their 
nation,  who   were  fettled  on  the  Grand 
River,  or  Oufe.     The  fertility  of  the  foil 
about  the  bay  of  Quinte  is  generally  al- 
lowed.    Tlie  land  is  rich,  ealiiy  wrought, 
and  produces  fevcral  crops  without  ma- 
nure ;  25  bufliels  of  wheat  are  often  pro- 
duced   from    an    acre.      The    timber    is 
much  like  that  of  the  other  parts  of  the 
province,  oak,  elm,  hickory,  maple,   &c. 
The  bay  is  narrow  throughout,  and  about 


Hit  i 


fi  Ad 


$6  miles  long,  all  which  diliance  it  Is 
navigable  for  thofe  fmall  vefTcls  which 
are  ufed  on  the  lakes.  An  apparent  tide 
is  frequently  noticed  in  the  bay  of  Quin- 
ti,  not  diffimilar  to  thofe  olifcivc;d  in  Ibme 
t>f  the  upper  lakes.  The  bay  abounds 
with  wild  fowl,  and  fifh  of  various  kinds. 
The  river  Trent  afFotds  a  falmoa  filliery. 
In  paffing  from  the  head  of  the  bay  of 
Quintl  into  Lake  Ontario,  yow  crols  a 
very  fliort  portage,  in  front  of  the  town- 
fliip  of  Murray,  being  the  iilhmus  be- 
tween it  and  the  penlnfula  of  Prince  Ed- 
ward. At  the  end  of  the  portage,  and 
before  you  enter  Lake  Oatario,>is  a  i'lnaU 
Jake,  exceedingly  beautiful,  and  the  land 
fcfn  its  banks  extremely  good :  to  the 
northward  of  this  portage  it  is  propofed 
to  make  a  canal  to  connect  the  waters  of 
the  bay  with  thofe  of  the  lake.  A  little 
to  the  wcftward  of  the  portage  and  pro- 
pofed canal,  is  the  harbour  of  Newcallle, 
«  fituatlon  well  fuited  for  commerce  and 
protctElion,  and  flieltered  from  all  winds. 
A  knoll  on  the  pcninfula  affords  a  heal- 
thy fcite  for  the  town.     ^  Smyi'j. 

^inte,  Jjle  flV,  in  Lake  CIntario,  U.  Can- 
ada, lies  clofe  off  the  fliore  of  Amcliaf- 
burgh,  and  oppofite  the  W  point  that 
inakes  Sandy  Bayw 

^i/picbancbiy  a  jtirifdlcniion  In  the  dlc- 
tcfe  of  Cufco  In  Peru,  beginning  at  the  S 
gates  of  Quito,  and  llretching  from  E  to  W 
about  icleagues.  The  lands  of  this  jurif- 
diAion  belong,  in  general,  to  the  gentry  of 
Cufco,  and  produce  plenty  af  wheat, 
fnaize  and  fruits.  Here  arc  alfo  mana- 
fadlures  Of  baize  and  coarfe  woollen 
ftuffs.  Part  of  the  jurifdlcflion  borders 
On  the  forefls  inhabited  by  wild  Indians, 
and  produces  great  quantities  of  coc.»,an 
herb  greatly  ufed  by  the  Indians  w.orking 
in  the  mines. 

^itapabilla^  a  bratic^'  of  the  Swetara, 
which  falls  into  the  Sufquehannah  at 
Itliddleton. 

^ito,  a  province  of  Fer u.  in  S.  Amer- 
ica, hctving  a  temperate  air,  occafioned 
by  its  elevated  fituation.  The  plain  of 
Quito  may  be  coiilrdertd  as  the  bafe  of 
the  Ajdes,  and  ts  higher  above  tht  fea  i 
than  the  top  of  the  Pyrenees  in  Europe,  j 
ll  is  pretty  well  cultivated,  and  the  towns 
and  villages  are  populous;  the  norrhern 
parts  abound  with  gold.  The  province 
is  about  400  miles  long  and  zoo ^)roa<l. 
Its  chief  to'-vns  are  Qu'to  and  Payta. 

^ho,  chief  town  111  the  above  prov- 
ince, is  next  to  Xima  in  population,  if  net 
fuperior   to   ic.      Some  iay  it   contains 

^^ou  E.  N  K  n 


35,000,  others  50,000  inhabitants.  If  it 
an  inland  city,  and  having  no  mines  In  itil, 
neighbourhood,  is  chiefly  fanious  for  its 
rrianufacEiures  of  coiton,  wool,  and  flax, 
which  fupply  th^,  kingdom  of  Peru.  S 
lat.  013,  W  long.  77  s^-  It  was  fwallow- 
td  up  by  an  earthquake,  April  Z4,  1755, 
and  has  been  rebuilt. 

^uivd,  a  province  of  California,  thinly 
intiabited,  and  but  little  known. 

^uixos,  a  diftritft  of  Peru,  S.  America. 

^iiudjybead.      See  Eafiport. 

^uoniehali-jok  P'jnds,  the  head  of  GcngeS 
River.     See  Hvpe  ot  BurrctJlQiun^ 


R 


ABLES,  ip  cux,  fevcral  fmall  iflands. 
at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Superior,  Upper 
Canada,  and  at  the  E  end  of  it,  E  oi 
White  Fifh  Uland,  and  pretty  ciofe  to  the 
main  land.  ' f. 

Rahlesy  Po'tnte  crw..  In  Lake  Superior, 
oppoiitc  Ifle  au::  Rabies,  the  firfl  point  to 
t!ie  northward,  after  you  enter  the  lake 
from  the  falls  of  St.  Ivlary. 

Raby^  a  fmall  townfliip  of  New  Hamp- 
fliire,  in  Hilllborough  co.  about  65  miles 
W  by  S  of  Portfmouthy  ?ind  47  N  W  of 
Bofton,  k  was  incorporated  in  1760, 
and  coiitained,  in  1790^  338  inhabitants. 
The  name  has  been  iince  changed. 

RacCf  Capsy  the  S  E  point  Of  Newfound- 
land liland,  in  the  North  Atjautic  Ocean, 
4  leagues  S  of  Cape  Ballard.  N  lat.  46 
43,  W  long.  5Z  49.-  The  Virgin  Rocks, 
much  dreaded  by  mariners,  are  about  20 
leagues  to  the  S  E  of  Cape  Race. 

Race  Point,  the  N  \Y  extremity  of  Cape 
Cod,  Maffachufetts,  a  league  N  W  of 
Provlncetowu.  When  within  a  mile  of 
this  point,  with  a  fair  wind  and  tide  of 
flood,  yoar  courfe  to  Bofton  is  N  W  by 
W,  di fiance  15  leagues.  A  nuntber  of. 
huts  are  eredled  here  on  the  loofe  fands 
by  thofe  who-  coins  from  Provincetbwn 
to  fifli  in  hoats. 

Racket  Rivet  has  its  fource  near  that  of 
the  Hudfon.  Hence  it:,  coupfc  is  N  &- 
through  V,\rtc  coniitlerabie  lakes  about  40 
miles,  thence  its  courfe  is  N  l'^  W  throo/gh 
meadows  which  \\Ave  no  timber,  thence 
its  navigation  is  good  for  30  miles,  afteiT 
which,  in  ,?0  miles,  it  has  more  than  20 
lapids  and  falls,  fome  20,  fome  40,  and 
one  150  feet.  The  river  here  is  generally 
TOO  vrtrds  broad,  but  in  orre  place  it  is 
only  live  feet.  About  30  miles  before  it 
enters,  the  §fc  L*wrwBce,  it  is  a  gentlf 
ftrtaa*.  Raymond, 


R  A  L 


Kr  A  N^ 


'  Radrvr,  a  fmall,  pleafant  town  of  Dcla- 
wart  CO.  Pennrylvaaia.  'I'.his  \)\\cc  was 
qriginallj  calitcl  Amjhl^  by  the  Dutch, 
Vfhu  began  to  build  here. 

Radnor^  a  town  of  S.  Carolina,  lo  miles 
S  W  of  Edmunclfbury,  and  3a  N  E  of  Pu- 
ryfburg. 

Ragged  Harbour,  on  the  E  coaftof  Ncvv- 
ftfundlanvi,  is  a  part  of  Catahna  Bay. 
JVlany  crag<n'  rocks  lie  about  tht  entrance 
erf  it,  borh  within  and  withouc ;  lb  tiiat  \ 
It  is  very  dangerous  to  enter.  It  is  two 
Itfsgues  northward  of  Catahna  haibour. 
There  is  good  water  at  the  head  of  the 
harbour. 

Rabivay.     See  Ratoay. 

Raimond,  a  ca^e  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
Si  peuinfula  of  St.  Domingo ;  a  leagues 
Vf  of  Point  Baynct,  and  li  W  of  Cape 
Marechaux.  It  has  the  cove  Petite  Anfc  ' 
on  the  eaflj  and  that  of  Bicfiliere  on  thr 
weft.  ; 

Rain  Lahe  b'es  to  the  weflward  of  the  I 
chain  of  long  lakes  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Grand  Portage  of  Lake  Superior,  Upper  j 
Canada.  The  waters  of  this  lake  are  lup-  \ 
plied  from  fources  near  to  the  wcilcra-  \ 
mod  part  of  Lake  Superior  ;  but  are  car-  i 
ricd  by  a  circuitous  route  into  Hudfon 
Bay.  Smyth.      I 

■RainbamTo'WnJhrp,  in  Norfolk  cO.  U.  I 
Canada,  is  the  firll:  townfliip  fronting  on  ' 
Lake  Erie,  W  of  the  Grand  River  Lands,  i 

Raijin  IJIcsy  \jx  Lake  St.-  Francisi  Upper 
Canada.  I 

Raiftnsy  Riviere  awx,  U  Canada,  runs  ^1 
through  the  townlhips  of  Ofnabruck  and  li 
Cornwall,  the  Indian  land  cppofire  to  St.  \ 
Regis  and  the  town{l::ip  of  Charlottef- 
burgh,  emptying  itfcif  into  Lake  St.  Fran-  1 1 
cis,  near  the  S  W  ang!e  of  the  latter' 
townfliip.  j 

Raleigh  Toiufijhipi,  in-  ElTex  co.  U.  Cana- ! 
da,  lies  W  of  Harwich  ;  tlie  Thames  j 
bounding  it  N,  and  Lake  Erie  S.  | 

Rainy  IJland  River ^  a  frnali  river  of  the  ! 
Indiana  Territory  ;  havim^  a  northweft  j 
courfc,  and  empties  into  Illinois  River,  | 
about  half  way  between  th-;  Little  Rocks 
and  Illinois  Lake,  and  Sn-c  miles  from  the 
Miflilippi.  It  is  15  yards  wide,  and  is  j 
navig'ibie  9  miles  to  the  rocks. 

Rainy,  or  Long  Late,  lics  E  of  the  liakc  ■ 

of  the  Wood^,  and  W  of  Lake  Superior,  j 
It  is  faid  to  be  nc-irly  ico  miles  long,  and  ' 
in  no  part  above  io  miles  wide.  See  ^ 
Rain  Lake.  \ 

Raleigb,  the  pr'fcnt  feat  of  government  1 
of  N.  Carolina,  fitnated  in  Wake  county,  { 
abouf  10  raiks  iVoai  Wake  court  houk.  I 


In  Dec.  1-91,  the  Gttieral  AfTcmbly  &t 
the  State  appropriated  ^"10,000  toward- 
ere<5liug  public  buildings,  and  named  if 
after  the  celebrated  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
under  whole  diiedtion  the  firfl  fettlement 
in  N.  America  was  made  at  Roanoke  Ift- 
and,  in  Aibemari^  S^nirid.  The  ftatr 
houfe,  a  large  handfome  building,  has- 
been  lately  fihifl^ed,  and  cofl:  ;^6,ooo. 
Several  other  buildings  have  been  trc<fl- 
cd,  and  a  number  of  dwelling  houies. 
The  plan  is  regular,  the  ftreets  interftdl- 
ing  each  other  at  right  angles.  Its  rt- 
motcncfs  from  navigation  is  a  great  dif- 
advantage.  It  is  6i  miles  N  by  E  of  Fay- 
etteville,  147  from  Peterfburg  in  Virginia, 
ami  448  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Ramada,  a  maritime  town  of  Granad<i, 
in  S.  America.  Near  it  is  a  copper  mine. 
N  lat.  II  10,  W  long.  71  20. 

Rumfays  Mills,  in  N.  Carolina,  are  fit- 
aated  at  the  conHiiencc  of  Deep  with  the 
N  W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  River  ;  about 
2tS  milc^  S  W  of  ijCillfborough,  and  si  S"' 
E  •f  Guildford  coaft  houfe. 

Ranai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iflands,  i» 
the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  N  of  Tahoorowa, 
and  N  W  of  Mowee  and  Owhyhce.  It 
has  about  24,oCo  inhabitants.  It  aboundi 
with  yams,  fwcet  potatoes,  and  taro,  but 
has  fpw  pSaintains  or  breaal-fruit  trees. 

Rancheira,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  ift 
the  province  of  New  Granada.  N  lat, 
ir  .'?4,  W  long.  y^. 

Ranckent,  a  fmali  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
New  Mexico,  in  lat.  7  14  N.  It  is  near 
the  ifland  of  Qiiiho,  and  aiTord*  timber 
fit  for  mafia. 

Randolph ^i\t<)^  to»vn  of  M^affachufett*,- 
formed  of  the  S  precintft'of  Braintree,  in 
Norfolk  CO.  in  the  year  1793.  It  is  J 5 
miles  S  by  E  of  Bofton.  The  inhabitants 
are  1,021  moftly  farmers,  but  manufac- 
ture large  quantities  of  Ihoes  for  market, 

Raiidolphy  a  coutity  of  Hilliborough  dif-- 
tridl,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  N  E  by  Or- 
ange, and  N  W  by  Gu;ldf^r>.xl.    It  contains  • 
9,234  inhabitants,  including  607   flavcs. - 
Its  court  houfe  is  585   miles  from  Phila-- 
delphia.     The  greatcft  part  of  tht  people 
are  Quakers;    tiie  other  denominations 
are    Prefbyterians,   Baptifls,    Mtthodifts, 
and  Univerfalifb.     Their  good  land  pro- 
duces 40  or  50  buflieis  of  Indian  corn,  or  ' 
30  of  wheat  pi.r  acre.     Chief  town,  JJh"- 
lioroit^b. 

Rundslph,  A  county  of  Virginia,  bounded* 
N  by  Monongalia,  and   S   by  Pendleton. 
It   has    1,741    inhabitants.     Cheat  River, 
thfe  «ftft^rft  l»ran«U  of  Mtnongahela  River, 

rif&« ' 


R  A  P 


R  A  W 


.'♦ifc!  here,  on  the  N  \V  ilde  of  the  Alleg- 
hany mountains. 

Ravdolph^  a  pofl  town  in  Orange  co. 
-Vermont,  the  4th  lo\Tn  W  ot  Thetford 
on  Conneffticut  River.     It  has   1,841  in- 

Jiabitants.  The  E  and  W  fide  of  the 
town  is  watered  by  1  branches  of  White 
River.  It  has  n  large  bed  of  iron  ore,  % 
forges  ai?.d  a  ilftdng  mill.     3'he  congre- 

-jational  nueting  houfe  is  l^trge  and  has  a 

.iiccple.     It  is  45  miles  from  Ruthnd. 
J<ufido!fb,  a  county  of  the  Indiana  Ter- 

tritory,  containing,!, 103  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding  107  i^.lV°.^, 

JRa.iJon?^  4i  tow-nHiip  in  ElTtj-  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Brunfwitk;. 

Rapbarl^  a  fertile  and  henlthy  canton, 
.mx  diftrict,  the  wefternmofi  in  the  Spanifli 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  Its 
;lv^undary  to  the  N  is  fornitd  in  part  of 
.f4ie  French  parifli  Gonaivts.  llie  air 
rourid  St.  Raphael  is  very  cool  and  falu- 
•brious,  but  the  town,  which  is  in  ahollow, 
is  very  hot.  It  hits  a  little  garrifon, .which 
Xcrved  as  a  check  on  the  fmuggling  trade 
with  the  Frer<ch.  Atalaye,  (that  is,  the 
centinel  or  difcoyery)  the  wefternmofl 
town  of  all  the  Spanifh  colony,  is  zf 
leagues  S  W  of  the  town  of  St.  Raphael, 
both  which  pariihes  are  annexed  to  Hin- 
che.  Th«  town  of  St.  Raphael  is  lo  leagues 
Southerly  of  Cape  Francois,  and  72  N  W 
,of  St.  Domingo  city,  as  the  road  runs. 

Hapldc^,  Cuife  St  at  the  E  end  of  St.  Do- 
StTingo,  is  the  S  E  limit  of  Samana  Bay,  7^ 
leagues  diftant  in  ti^.at  dire^Jiou  from 
Cape  Samana  or  C^pe  Rezon,  which  laft 
is  (ituated  in  lat.  19  15  40  N,  and  long. 
7^^  33  30  W  from  Paris.  From  Cape 
3R.aphacl,or  Capeof  the  Round  A^ountain, 
jto  Punta  Efpada,  the  S  E  point  of  the  ifl- 
and, the  country  is  level  16  leagues,  by  a 
breadth  nearly  equal. 

Rupboe,  a  townfliip  in  Lancafler  co. 
PcnnlVlvania. 

Rapid  Ann,  R  fftiall  river  of  Virginia, 
■which  joins  the  Rappahannock,  about  i o 
miles  above  Frtdenckfburg. 

Rapid  Platj  IJle  au,  in  the  rivcr  St.  Law- 
rence, U.  Canada,  in  fi-ont  of  the  town- 
iliip  of  Matilda,ccntains  about  200  acres. 
The  foil  is  good,  an4  lies  partly  in  front 
cf  the  to\vnfli!p  of  WilliamfliL'rgh. 

Rapid  River,  ^  water  of  Hudfon  Bay. 

Rjppabannock,  a  large  pavigable  river  of 
Virginia,  which  rifcs  in  the  Blue  Pvidge, 
and  runs  about  130  miles  from  N  W  to  S 
E,  and  enters  into  Chefapeak  Bay  between 
Windmill  and  Stingray  points.  It  wa- 
Sere  the  Wwns  of  Falmouth,  Frederjckf- 


burc,  Port  P.oyal,  Leeds,  T;»ppahannoek, 
and  Urbauna.  It  affords  4  fathoms  wa- 
t^  to  Hol)!^^)'*  Flole,  and  2.  from  thenioe 
to  Frcdericldbnrg,  no  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  1^  leagues  from  Gwin's  lil- 
ands,  and  6  northward  of  New  Ptiint 
Comfort.  A  IJngle  lump  of  gold  ore  has 
been  found  r>ear  the  falls  of  this  rivef, 
which  yielded  17  dwt.  of  gold,  of  extraor- 
dinary dudlilUy.  No  other  indication  of 
gold  h-is  been  difcovcred  in  its  neigh- 
bou  rhood. 

Rappo  Rappn^  a  hay  in  the  ifland  of 
Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Iilands. 

Raritot,  Riiier^  in  New  Jerfev,  is  formed 
hv  two  confidcrable  ftreaiv.s  called  the  N 
and  S  branches;  the  fource  of  the  one  is 
in  Morris  co.that  of  the  other  in  Hunter- 
don CO.  If  pail'es  by  Brunfwick  and  Am- 
boy,  and  mingling  with  the  waters  of  the 
Arthur  Kull  Sound,  iiclps  to  form  the 
fine  harbour  of  Amboy.  At  Rariton 
Hills,  through  which  this  river  paffes,  is 
a  fmall  cafcade,  where  the  water  falls  15 
or  so  feet,  \'ery  romantically  between  2 
rocks.  Oppofite  to  Brunfwick,  the  river 
is  fo  fliallow,  that  it  is  fordablciit  low  wa- 
ter for  hcrfes  and  carriages ;  but  a  little 
below  it  deepens  fo  fad,  ,that  a  20  gua 
fliip  may  ride  fecurely  at  any  time  of 
tide.  The  tide  rifes  fo  high,  that  largp 
Ihallops  ufed  to  pafs  a  mile  above  the 
fort ;  fo  that  it  was  ho  uncommon  thing 
to  fee  veiTels  of  confiderable  burthen  rid- 
ing at  anchor,  and  a  number  of  large  riv- 
er craft  lying  above,  feme  dry,  and  oth- 
ers on  dieir  beam-ends  for  want  of  water, 
within  gun  fliot  of  each  other.  Copper 
ore  has  been  found  on  the  upper  part  of 
this  rivcr  ;  and  in  the  year  1754,  the  ort 
of  this  mine  fold  for  £^ti  fterling  per  ton. 
being  of  inferior  quaiity  to  that  on  Paf- 
faik  Rivtr. 

Rariton,  a  town  fituated  between  the 
mouth  of  the  N  branch  of  the  above  riv- 
er, and  Boundbrook,  5  miles  W  N  W  of 
Bouiidbrook,  and  12  N  W  of  Brunfwick. 

RattU'Snale  IJIandi  lie  at  the  w-fterii 
end  of  Lake  Erie. 

Ra'wapjkitcbtvoch,^  fmall  weflcrly  branck 
of  Machii\3  River,  on  which  are  feverat 
mills,  near  which  arc  the  meeting  houfe 
and  the  county  court  houfe,  in  the  town 
of  Machias. 

Riitvdony  a  town  of  Nova  Scctia,  4» 
miles  from  Halifax,  containing  about  5« 
or  60  houfes. 

Ratodon  Tcnvnfaip^  in  the  county  of 
Raftings,  U.  Canada,  lies  iu  the  rear,  and 
N  of  Sidnevi 


RAY 


R  E  A 


'l^anvay^fit^Sridgdo'rvn, a  IJf'cjy  commer- 
cial village  of  Middicfcx  CO.  N.  Jcrfey,  on 
P.away  River,  4  or  5  miles  S  W  of  E'.iz- 
p.r-eth  Tcvvn,  ?nd  75  from  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  a  Prefhyterian  church,  and 
about  jp  or  60  houfes.  Here  is  a  poft 
pfficc. 

HaymcndyZ  townfliip  in  Rocjcingliam  CO. 
Kew  Hamplliire,  12  or  14  miles  wefteily 
of  Exeter,  and  3Z  from  Portfmouth.  It 
■«vas  incorporated  in  17^4,  and  contains 
€08  inhiibitants. 

Rayvcnd,  or  Ruymoudioivn,  a  pofl  town 
in  Cumberland  co.  Maine,  142  miles  N 
N  E  of  Eoflon,  and  contains  345  inhabit- 
ants. A  fiream  from  Sougo  Pond,  after 
pafl'ing  through  part  of  Greenland,  Wa- 
terford  and  Otisfield,  falls  into  the  N  E 
part  of  Sebago  Lake  in  this  fettlemcnt. 
I'hc  land  is  generally  level,  except  one 
large  hill,  named  Rattkfnake  Hill,  from 
)ts  abounding  with  thofe  reptiles.  Here 
are  feme  fweils  of  good  land,  bpt  thp 
greater  part  of  the  growth  is  pine  and 
Svhite  oak,  and  the  land  is  hard  to  fubdue. 

Raynhapty  a  townfliip  of  Maliachufetts. 
Briftol  CO.  taken  from  Taunton,  and  in- 
corporated in  1731.  It  contains  1,181 
inhabitants.  A  coufiderable  part  of  the 
town  lies  upon  a  circular  bend  of  Taun- 
ton River,  which  is  bptwcen  7  and  8  rods 
wide,  and  affords  great  plenty  of  Iierrings 
and  other  fifli,  but  fo  unfavourable  h  it, 
in  this  place,  to  feining  or  fjfhipg,  that 
the  exclufive  privilege  of  fiflung  is  annu- 
ally fold  for  lefs  than  12  fliiilings;  whilft 
th^  fame  privilege,  in  Bridgewater  and 
IMiddleborough,  (towns  \vhit:h  bound 
this,  the  former  on  the  E,  the  latter  on 
the  N)  is  annually  fold  for  j^ 250.  Be 
iides  the  great  riyer,  there  are  fcveral 
ufeful  ftreams,  upon  which  are  C  faw 
mills,  3  grifc  mills,  a  furnace,  a  forge,  and 
fulling  mill.  There  are  nume|-o|is  ponds 
in  this  townfhip,  of  which  Nippaniquit 
or  Nippahonfet  is  %  miles  lopg,  and  i  in 
breadth.  Here  alewives,  in  millions,  an- 
nually refort  and  leave  their  fpawns.  An 
excellent  kind  of  iron  ere.  and  various 
kinds  f>f  lifh,  are  found  here.  Be  fides 
the  ufual  bufinefs  of  hufbandry  and  me- 
chanics, numbers  are  here  epiployed  in 
the  manufa<flories  of  bar-iron,  hollow 
ware,  nails,  iron  for  vefTels,  iron  fliovels, 
pot  alii,  fliingles,  &c.  The  iirfl  forge  fet 
up  in  America  was  introduced  into  this 
town  by  James  and  Henry  Leonard,  ua- 
tives  of  England,  in  ji6i2.  This  forge 
was  fituated  on  the  great  road,  and  is  (till 
in  employ  by  the  family  o[  Leon^ards  of 


the  6th  generation ;  a  family  rcmarkjibif 
for  longevity,  promotion  to  public  o^TRce, 
and  a  kind  of  hereditary  attachnunt  to 
the  iron  manufatSure.  King  Philip'^ 
hunting-houfe  ftood  on  the  norfhern  fide 
of  Fctiuin^  Rondy  which  i«  \\  rr-iks  from 
the  forge.  In  the  winter  feafon,  the  In- 
chan  monarch  rcfided  at  Mpunt  Hope, 
probably  for  the  benefit  of  fifl:.  Philip 
and  the  Leonards  lived  on  futh  gcod 
terms,  and  fuch  was  Philip'^  fjiendfliip 
and  generofity,  that  as  foon  as  the  w<*r 
broke  nut  in  1675,  which  ended  in  the 
death  of  the  king  and  the  ruin  of  his  tribe, 
he  gave  cjt  flriA  orders  to  all  liis,  Indians,' 
never  to  hurt  the  Leonards.  Before 
Philip's  war,  Fowling  Pond  was  2  mile* 
long,  and  -|ths  of  a  mile  wide.  Now,  the 
\vater  is  almofc  gone,  and  the  large  tract 
it  once  covered  is  grown  up  to  a  thick 
fet  fwamp  of  cedar  and  pine.  The  foil 
of  this  pond  has  alfo  a  prolific  virtue  in 
generating  ore.  Copiops  beds  of  ore,  in 
this  part  of  the  country,  arc  ufually  fouu4 
in  the  neighbotirhood  of  pine  fvvanips,  or 
near  to  foils  natural  to  the  grow  th  of 
pine  or  cedar.  In  this  place  there  ha$ 
been  almofi  an  inexhauftible  fund  of  ex- 
cellent oie,  from  which  the  forge  has  becq 
fupplied  and  kept  going  for  more  than 
80  years,  befides  great  cjuantities  carried 
to  other  works  ;  and  yet  here  is  ore  flill. 
Though,  like  other  ihings  in  a  flatc  of 
youth,  it  is  weak  and  incapable  of  being 
wrought  into  iron  of  the  l)eft  quality. 

Razoir,  Port,  ar  the  S  W  extremity  of 
the  coalt  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  N  E  o| 
Gape  Negro, 

Rarzrr  IJland  is  4  leagues  S  of  the  mouth 
of  Rio  Janeiro  Bay,  or  Santa  Cruz  Point, 
on  the  coaft  of  Bra;5ih 

Readfieldi^  poft  town  in  ICennebeck  co, 
Maine,  8  miles  W  of  Hallowell,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  E,  and  the  eaftern  branch 
of  Androfcoggin  River  feparates  it  from 
Sterling  on  the  W.  It  is  N  of  Wjuthrop, 
and  190  miles  N  [^  of  Bofto|i. 

Ri-aciingy  a  townO^ip  of  Connet^Icut, 
Fairfield  co.  S  of  Danbury,  adjojning.  I.^ 
has  1,492  inhabitants. 

Readings  a  large  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  in  Middlesex  co.  12  miles  N  of  Eof- 
ton.  It  wag  incorporated  in  1644,  and 
contaius  2,025  inhabitants.  Between  % 
and  3co,ooo  pair  of  {hoes  are  annually 
manufadlurcd  in  this  town  for  exporta- 
tion. 

Readings  a  tovvnflupcf  Vermont,  Wind- 
for  CO.  W  of  Windfor,  adjoining.  It  con- 
tains 1,120  iohabjCAnts. 


R  E  € 


RES 


Readings  a  beautiful  poA  town,  and  the  | 
Capital  of  Berk's  c6.  Pcnnfylvania,  fitu- 
ated  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Schuylkill  PJver, 
40  miles  S  Wof  Bethlehem,  a8  E  of  Leb- 
anon, (where  the  canal  commences  v.'hich 
]oius  the  waters  of  the  S^vctara  Creek 
-with  tbofe  of  Schuylkill  River)  54  N  W 
4)f  Fhil<<de!phia,  and  148  from  "Wafliing- 
jton.  It  is  a  flourifliing  town,  regaliirly 
laid  out,  and  inhabited  chiefly  by  Ger- 
piana.  It  contains  about  6co  houfes. 
The  puliiic  buildings  aic  a  (lone  gaol,  a 
court  houfe,  an  elegant  church  for  Gcr- 
n)an  Lutherans^ erected  in  1793,  a  church 
tor  Calvinifts,  one  for  Roman  Catholics, 
a  meeting  houfe  for  Friends,  and  a  large 
edifice  for  the  public  ol)ices.  About  10 
miles  from  this  town,  on  the  road  to  Har- 
rifburgh,  is  a  fpring  about  I5  fee^  deep, 
,fn,d  30/eet  acrofs,  from  which  ifTucs  a  co- 
j)iou8  ftrcam,  containing  fome  fine  trout. 
An  exaggerated  account  of  this  fpring  has 
been  given  by  fopie  travellers.  In  the 
neighbourhood  are  10  fuUipg  mills  and 
feveral  iron  works.  In  the  whole  county 
of  Berk's  are  5  furnaces,  and  as  many 
forges.  In  Nov.  17 95,/*  12,000  was  voted 
by  the  county  for  building  a  fione  arched 
bridge  over  the  Schuylkill  at  this  town, 
pn  the  high  road  to  Harrifburg,  ^^  miles 
fiiftant  W  by  S. 

Rcadirtsiioivny  or  Riddentcivti,  in  Hunter- 
don CO.  New  Jerfey,  17  miles  N  W  by  V/ 
of  New  Brunfwick,  and  about  ii  E  of 
X-ebanon, 

Reatfs  Bay,  a  road  for  fliips  In  the  ifl- 
jind  of  Barbadoesjabout  half  way  between 
Hole  Town  and  Speight's  Town.  It  is 
about  half  a  mile  over,  but  more  in  depth. 
Ships  may  anchor  here  in  fafety,  in  from 
6  to  iz  fathoms  water,  the  ground  foft 
ooze,  and  defended  from  all  yvinds,  except 
the  W,  which  blows  right  into  the  bay. 
Nlat.  13  7,W  long.  5947. 

Readjhotough,  a  pofttown  in  Bennington 
CO.  Vermont,  435  miles  from  Wafliingron. 

Rcalego^  a  town  in  the  province  of  Ni- 
caragua, New  Spain ;  fituated  on  a  plaui, 
on  the  eafiern  bank  of  a  river  of  its  name, 
near  its  mouth,  30  miles  N  W  of  Leon, 
^to  which  it  lerves  as  a  harbour.  It  has 
3  churches,  and  an  hofpital,  furroundtd 
by  a  very  fine  garden  ;  but  the  place  is 
fiCkly,  by  reafon  of  neighlx;uring  fwamp:. 
Its  chief  trade  is  in  pitch,  tar,  and  fCirdagc. 
K  lat.  12  17,  W  long.  87  36. 

Rectify  a  harbour  on  the  coafl:  of  Brazil, 
and  is  the  ftrongcft  place  on  all  tliat  coaft. 
S  lat.  8  10,  V/  long,  35  ^k. 

Recovery^  Fort,  in  the  Indiana  Territory, 


is  fituated  on  a  branch  of  the  Wabafb 
River,  about  23  miles  from  Greenville, 
and  98  N  by  W  of  Cincinnati.  It  con- 
fifts  of  two  block-houfea  and  barratk* 
with  curtains,  fnfhcitnt  for  60  men. 

Rjdy  a  river  in  TenneiTee,  a  water  of 
Cumberland  RiVer,  with  which  it  mingle* 
at  the  N  bend,  about  2  miles  N  W  of 
Clarkfville.  IjL  is  b.oatabk  a  xuin^derablc 
diftance. 

Rid,  a  principal  branch  of  Kentucky 
River,  which  heads  and  inte:riOcks  with 
a  main  branch  of  Licking  Riv^r,  and  run* 
a  S  W  courfe,  into  Kentucky  River,  about 
9  miles  above  Boonfborough.  It  is  60 
yards  wide  at  the  mouth. 

R.d,  a  weflern  branch  of  Miflifippi 
River,  in  lat.  31  N.  Here,  it  is  faid,  Fer- 
dinand© de  Soto  ended  his  difcoverics  and 
died,  at  a  place  called  Guacoyi,  May  ir, 
1542.      See  Rougi:  River,  and  Lnuifiana. 

Red  Bank,  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Delaware 
River,  in  the  town  of  Woodbury,  in  Glou- 
cefl:er  co.  N.  Jerfey.    The  fituafion  is  ele- 
vated, and  the  fort  built  here  during  th 
v.'ar,  flood  1,900  yards  from  Fort  Ilia, 
and  about  7  miles  S  of  Philadelphia, 
coft   the    Britiflx   400   men,   killed   and 
wounded,  before  they  could  reduce  thic 
garrifon  in  1777. 

Red  Hook,  in  Dutchefs  co.  New  York,  la 
the  townfhip  of  Rhyncbeck,  where  i«  a 
pofi  office,  on  the  E  bank  of  Hudlbn  Riv- 
er, 21  miles  ^  of  Hudfon,  and  116  N  of 
New  York. 

Rcdondo,  a  rock  between  Montferrat 
and  Nevis,  Carribbee  Iflands.  It  is  about 
a  league  in  circuit,  of  a  round  form  where 
is  neither  culture  upr  inhabitants.  N  lat. 
17  6,  W  long.  61  35. 

Rceujbotou0/j,  or  Rdadjhotough,  the  S  JK 
towniliip  ox  Bennington  cp.  Vermont.  It 
contains  234  inhabitants. 

Reedjloivn,  now  Strong,  late  Plantation 
No.  3,  W  fide  of  Kennebeck  River. 

Rccdy  JJl^md,  in  Delaware  River,  5* 
miles  below  Philadelphia.  It  is  jo  piile* 
from  Bombay  Hook,  and  is  the  rendez- 
vous of  outward  bound  fliips  in  autumn 
and  fpring,  waiting  fof  a  favourable  wind. 
The  courfe  from  this  to  the  fea  is  S  S  E, 
fo  th<:»:  a  N  W  v/ii.d,  which  is  the  prevail- 
ing wmd  in  thefe  feafons,  is  fair  for  vef- 
fcls  to  put  ci!t  to  fea.  There  is  a  fecure 
harbour  here,  at  Port  Penn,  where  piers 
Iiave  been  cr£»5led  by  the  State  of  Penn- 
fyl^ania.  The  iHand  is  about  3  mile* 
long,  and  not  more  than  one-fourth  of  a 
rrilc  wide.  It  was  formerly  banked  in, 
but  is  now  under  cultivation,  and  is  over- 
flow c<L 


^R  E  G 


K  •£  'S 


^liGvcclin  hlgli  tu1r«!.  There  is  a  cli^nricl 
-Ou  each  fide  of  the  iftaiid  ;  but  vtfi'VU, 
efpccially  large  ones,  choole  to  keep  ilie 
■eaflern  fide. 

i?«rt^  R'lier  Phro!.  s  poH  town  in  Gref  n- 
.f.eld  CO.  S.  Carolivia,  557  miles  from  AValli- 
ingron, 

Iieelf(fot,  a  fma''  navigritile  river  of  Ten- 
nelfec,  which  empti^^  into  the  river  Miffi- 
-fippi,  about  35  miles  S  of  the  Ohio.  It 
is  30  yards  wide  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 
.One  of  its  branches  rifcs  on  the  borders 
of  Kentucky. 

Rcenrfioivn,  or  R>:amfo-uin,  a  fm;ill  pcfl 
Sown  of  JLancafier  co.  Penofyivania,  on  a 
flream  which  empties  into  Calico  Creek, 
a  water  of  Coneftoga,  wh'ch  falls  into 
'the  Sufquchannah.  It  contains  about  40 
Jhioufes,  and  is  i6.nules  N  E  of  l.ancafler, 
and  6z  N  W  by  N  of  Philadelphia. 

J^egis,  St.  a  village  of  U.  Canada,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  half  a  mile  N  from  the  N 
line  of  the  United  States.  It  ftands  on 
s  beautiful,  elevated  plain  in  the  anple 
between  the  mouth  of  St.  Regis  River  and 
the  St.  jLawrcnce,  It  cnnlifts  of  about  80 
honfes  of  .hewn  logs,  inhabited  by  about 
100  Indian  families.  They  are  of  the 
Caghnoway?  tribe,  and  have  lived  here 
about  50  years.  They  are  peaceable, 
honeft,  and  induftrious.  Foot  races,  play- 
ing at  ball,  and  dancing,  arc  their  diver- 
sions. They  are  Roman  Citholics,  have 
A  handfomc  ftone  church,  with  a  fpire, 
and  generally  a  miniftcr.  Thcfe  Indians 
Jiave  30,000  acres  of  land  refcrved  to 
them  fouth  of  the  village.  They  keep  a 
^reat  number  of  horfcs  and  cattle.  They 
raife  plenty  of  co,rn  on  the  fertile  iflands 
in  St.  Lawrence.  From  St.  Regis  there 
is  a  good  road  to  Platt-fburg  on  Champlain. 
The  diftance  is  7  a  mile:^. 

Hegis,  St.  a  river  of  Canada,  which 
rifcs  from  lakes  near  Racket  River,  and 
.enters  the  St.  Lawrence  at  the  village  of 
the  fame  name. 

Rr-gnlds,  the  name  of  the  pa/Tage  from 
the  northern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
into  LakePontchartrain,  which  has  com- 
riunication,  through  Maurepas  Lake  and 
the  Gut  of  Ibberville,  with  MiiTifippi 
River;  or  the  general  name  of  the  iiles 
in  the  inner  part  of  the  channel  into  that 
Jake.  The  diflancc  from  Lake  Pontchar- 
train  through  the  Regolets  is  lo  miles, 
■And  between  3  and  400  yards  broad,  and 
r.ned  with  marflies  on  each  fide.  On 
the  S  fide  of  the  Regolets,  and  near  to  the  ! 
«iitrance  from  the  gulf,  there  is  a  large  1 
paiTagc  into  the  Lake  Eo'gne,  or  JJTind 


Lake  ;  and  by  fomc  creeks  th?t  falMnt^ 
it,  UivaW  craft  may  go  as  far  as  the  planta- 
tions on  the  Miffilippi,and  tlicreis  a  paf- 
fagc  between  the  Lakes  Ev,tgiic  and  Pont- 
^  ch--.rrr^in  ;  but  cither  by  thir,,  or  that  of 
theP.e^clets,  .6  and  fometimes  7  fc^t  U 
the  dee-pcfi  water  through.  Near  ti.e  en- 
trance at  the  eaft  end  of  the  Rego!ct*,aud 
on  the  north  fulc,  are  thc'principi^l 
I  mfiuths  of  Pearl  River.  From  tiie  Rego- 
I  lets  to  the  Bay  of  St.  Louis   is  18  niiic«o 

flutcbins. 
j       ^hohofh,  a  poA  town  of  Maifachufeltf, 
i  in  Briftol  co-  on  a  branch  of  Providence 
j  River,  a  few  miles  from  Providtucc,  in 
I  Rhode  Itland,  40    miles    foudici  ly    fronp 
Bofcon.     Jt  was  called  Seconnethy  the  In- 
dians ;    wa?   incorporaied   in    1645,  *i^»4 
contains  4,743  inhabira<its. 

Ptififrfi,orony  a  port:  tov-'XT  in  Baltimore 
CO,  Maryland,  10  miles  S  E  of  Vyefhnin- 
fter,  nearly  i-6  N  Wof  Baltimore,  and  6| 
from  WafliJ«gton. 

R'.mtu,  Grard,  third  tcwnniip,  on  th< 
river  St.  Lawrence,  U.  Canada,  lies  be- 
tween the  Ifle  de  Trois,  Chenaux  ccarte* 
and  the  main  land,  about  44  50  N  lat. 

Renn-iut't  Hcfthout,  on  the  £  coaft  of 
Newfoundland  liland,  is  about  21  mile« 
from  C^pe  P^aqe.  Its  entrance  is  rather 
dangerous,  but  it  is  a  good  harbour  t^ 
filh  in  ;  and  js  much  j^requented  by  boat* 
and  ifliallops,  in  th.e  fifliing  {eafon.  Half 
a  league  from  the  S  point  is  a  high  rock, 
called  Renowe's  Point,  which  may  be 
feen,  in  a  clear  day,  3  leagues  ofF. 

R  njftlaer^  a  county  of  the  State  of  N. 
York,  hounded  N  by  Wafliington  co.  S 
by  Columbia,  E  by  part  of  the  States  of 
MafTachufetts  and  Ver.Tiont,  and  W  bv 
Hudfon  River.  It  contains  8  townlhips^y 
viz.  Troy,  Greenbufli,  Schodack,  Stephen- 
tmvn,  Peterilourgh.  Hofick,  Pittftown,  anc^ 
Schacftccoke.  There  are  30yj42  inhabi|!- 
ants. 

R.njfetaerville,  or  RcnfJaerivicl',  a  town- 
(hip  of  Albany  co.  New  York,  bounded 
S  by  Columbia  county,  and  W  by  Hudl'on 
River.  In  1790,  it  contained  3,771  in- 
habitants; in  1796,  it  had  548  inhabit- 
ant* who  were  elcdiors.  Jn  this  town, 
nearly  oppofite  to  the  city  of  Albany,  is 
a  medicinal  spring,  which  combines  moft 
of  the  valuable  properties  of  the  celebra- 
ted waters  of  Saratoga. 

Refolution  Bay^  or  Madre  de  Bios,  is  un- 
der the  higheft  land  on  the  W  Tide  of  St. 
Chrilfina,  one  of  the  Marqutfas  Iflands. 
S  lat,  9  5a,  W  long.  ?39  9. 

Rffsltrtiony  Cape^  %Vki   ikkR  ©aftern  et»- 
•  trancs 


S  E  6 


A  ii  & 


/^lioe  of  Hudfon'j  Straits.     N  lat.  6i  2^, 
W  K.ng.  65  16. 

Rcfututirn  IJlaniJ,  at  the  E  end  of  Hud- 
fon's  Straits.     N  lat.  6i,  W  lon<r.  65. 

Rejolution  JJlanJ,  a  I'ltiall  illaiid,  one  of 
rhc  Society  Hies  ;  la  called  IVom  the  Taip 
Rcfolution.     S  lat.  17  24,  W  long.  14 1  15. 

Rc-od's,  a  fn>all  ifland  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  fiole  to  the  B  coaft  of  Northamp- 
ton CO.  Virginia. 

Re\,  Cape,  or  Fo'int,  on  the  Ncoaft'of  S. 
America,  is  40  leagues  W  by  N  of  Cape 
Three  Points,  aadia  N  by  E  of  liocca  del 
Dranjo. 

Reyes,  Angra  dot,  on  the  S  E  COaft  of 
Brazil,  in  S.  America,  lies  weftward  of 
Rio  Jy^ciro,  and  53  leagues  W  of  Cape 
Frio.     It  affords  good  anchorage. 

Rhinsbeck.     See  Rhynhcck. 

Rhode- JJland  \%  one  of  the  fmallcft  of  the 
IJnited  States  ;  its  grcatcft  length  being 
47  miles,  and  its  greateft  Breadth  37  ;  or 
about  1,300  fquarc  miles.  It  is  bounded 
N  aud  E  by  the  Commonwealth  of  Maf- 
^chufttts  ;  S  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
W  by  Connecticut.  Thefe  limits  com- 
pieliCnd  what  is  called  Rhode'IJland  and 
Frumdencs  Plantations  ;  divided  into  five 
fountieS.  viz,  Newport, Providence, Wafl)- 
ington,  Eriftcl,  arid  Kent,  which  ai^e  fub- 
dividcd  into  30  towrfLips,  containintj 
69,122  inhabitants,  of  whom  3S0  arc 
fiivcs.  Narraganfcl' Bay  makes  up  from 
£»  to  N  between  the  main  land  on  the  E 
and  W,  and  embofoms  many  fertile  ill- 
aods,  the  principal  of  which  are  Rhode 
liTand,  Canonnicut,  Prudence,  Patience, 
rtope,  Dyer's,  and  Hog  Iflands.  Block- 
Wland  is  the  fouthenmioft  land  belonging 
tb  the  State.  The  harbours  are  New- 
port, Providence,  \?ickford,  Patuxct, 
Warrea,  and  Briftol.  Rhode-IftAnd,  from 
which  the  State  takes  half  its  name,  lies 
between  lat.  41  28,  and  41  42  N,  and  be- 
tween long.  71  17,  and  71  27  W  from 
Greenwich  ;  being  about  15  miles  long 
ftom  N  E  to  S  W,  and  about  3.^  broad, 
«n  an  average.  It  is  divided  into  three 
t;)wnfliips,  Newport,  Portbnouth,  and 
Middletown.  Perhaps  no  ifland  in  the 
world  exceeds  this  in  point  of  foil,  cli- 
Diate,  and  fituatiou.  In  its  mofl:  flourilli- 
i)ig  (fate  it  was  called,  by  travellers,  tiie 
E«len  of  America.  Bilt  the  change, 
which  the  ravages  of  war,  aud  a  dccicc^fe 
of  bufinels  have  cffcifVcd,  is  great.  Be- 
tween 30,000  and  40.,ooo  ihetp  are  fed 
on  this  iflaud,  bclides  neat  cattle  and 
horfcs.  The  State  is  interfedtcd  in  all 
directions  by  rivor* ;  tke  Jiic*  of  whkh 


which  arc  Providence  and  Taunton  Riv-* 
ers,  which  fall  in'o  Narraganfev  Bay;  the' 
former  on  the  wcil,  the  latter  on  the  eaft' 
tide  of  Rhode-b'laud.  Rhode-Ifl-md  is  as' 
healthy  a  country  as  any  in  America. 
The  winters,  iii  the  maritime  parts  of  the 
State,  are  milder  than  in  tiie  inland  cou.i- 
try  ;  the  air  being  fofteacd  by  a  fea,  va- 
pour, which  alfo  enriches  the  foil.  The 
fummers  are  delightful,  cfpecially  on 
Rhode-Iiland,  where  the  extreme  heat*' 
w^icK  prev.til  in  other  parts  of  America, 
are  allayed  by  coo^al■Jd  refrefliiag  breez- 
es from  the  fea.  I'he  ii vers  and  liav» 
fwarra  with  filh,  to  the  amount  of  more 
than  70  difTtveut  kinds;  the  markets  arc 
alive  with  thtm.  Oyfters,  lobfters,  and 
othct  fliell-fith  abound  in  Narraganfet 
Bay.  Travellers  arc  generally  agreed,- 
that  Newport  is  the  bett  iilli-markct  in 
the  world.  This  State  produces  corn, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  and  in  fome  parta  wheat,- 
fufficient  for  home  confumptioa  ;  and  the 
various  kinds  of  gralTes,  fruits,  and  culi- 
nary roots  and  plants  in  great  abun- 
dance, and  in  perfciffion;  cyder  is  made 
for  exportation.  The  north- weflerh  part* 
of  the  State  ate  but  thinly  inhabited,  and 
are  rocky  and  barren.  Ihe  tradl  of  land 
lying  between  North  aud  South  Kingf- 
town  on  the  eaft,  and  Conac<£licut  on  the 
weft:,  called  ShannocL  country,  or  Pur  chafe, 
is  excellent  grazing  land,  and  is  inhabit- 
ed by  a  number  of  wealthy  farmers,  who 
raife  fome  of  the  f.aeft  neat  cattle  in  New- 
England,  weighing  num  i>6ooto  i,Soo 
weight.  I'hey  kcfp  large  dairies,  and 
make  butter  and  checfe  of  the  befl  quali- 
ty, and  in  large  quantities  forcxporta-' 
tion.  Iron  ore  is  fuund  ia  great  plenty 
in  feverai  parts  of  the  State.  The  iruu- 
wcrks  on  Putuxet  River,  12  miies  from 
Providence,  are  fupplicd  witli  ore  froni 
a  bed  4^^ miles  diftant,  which  lies  in  a  vai-" 
ley,  through  which  runs  a  brcH>k.  The 
brook  is  turned  into  a  new  channel,  si'd 
ciie  ore-pits  are  clc.ired  of  water  by  1' 
fleam  engine.  At  this  ore- bed  are  a  Va- 
riety of  ores,  curio'is  ilones,  and  ochrc.>. 
In  the  townlhip  of  Cum'jerland  is  a  cop-' 
per  mine  mixed  with  iron,  ftrongly  im- 

f>rtgnated  with  load-flonc,  of  which  fon;e- 
arge  pieces  have  been  found  in  ti's 
neighbi-u/iiood.  No  method  has  ytt 
been  difcovtfed  to  woxk  it  to  advantage. 
Abundance  of  lime  Itone  is  found  in  this 
State,  particularly  in  ciie  countv  j>f  Prov- 
dencc  ;  of  which  large  quantities  of  Jinjc 
are  made  ap,d  cxpo.tcu.  This  Ume-ftonc 
ii  uf  diU«xcat.   :vi;i>Ui4,  aad  is  the  true 

iRAib'.e 


una 


R  H  O' 


frtarblc  of  the  '.vhite,  plain,  ami  variegat- 
ed kind.  It  takes  as  fine  a  ptjlilh  as  any 
ftonc  In  America.  There  are  federal 
mineral  fprings  in  this  State  ;  to  one  of 
■which,  near  Providence,  many  people  re- 
fort  to  hathe,  and  drink  the  water.  New- 
port and  Providence  art  the  chief  towns 
6{  thiP  State.  The  barbarous  flave-trade, 
■vvhich  was  a  fource  of  wealth  to  miauy  of 
the  people  in  Newp'^rt,  ?.nd  other  parts 
oi  the  State,  has  happily  been  abolilhed. 
ilut  fiacc  permiiTion  h^ds  been  again  giv- 
en by  law  tc  import  flaves  from  Africa  ro 
S.  Carolina,  it  is  faid  this  inhuman  traf- 
fic is  reviving  again  in  this  State.  The 
town  of  Briftol  carries  on  a  conlidefable 
trade  to  Africa,  the  Weft-Indies,  and  to 
different  parts  of  the  United  States.  But 
by  far  the  greateft  part  of  the  commerce 
df  Rhode-Ifland  is  at  prefent  carried  on 
by  the  inhabitants  of  the  flour ifljHig  town 
of  Providence,  vvhich  had^  'm  I79i>  i'^? 
fail  of  veflelsj  containing'  11,94^  tons. 
The  exports  from  the  State  are  ilax-feed, 
lumber,  horfes,  cattle,  beef,  pork,  fifh, 
poultry,  onions,  butter,  cheefe,  barley, 
grain,  fpirits,  cotton  and  lintu  goods. 
The  imports  confift  of  European  and  W. 
India  goods,  and  logwood  from  tbe  Bay 
of  Honduras.  Upwards  of  600  vefTels 
enter  and  clear  annually  at  the  difTereut 
ports  in  this  State,  The  amount  of  ex- 
perts from  this  State  to  foreign  countties, 
for  one  year,  ending  Sept.  30,  i79i>  was 
470,131  dolls.  9 cents;  in  1792.  698,084.; 
in  1793,  616,416;  in  1794,  9^.^4.573  J^nd 
in  1801,  %A33'3^3  <^^^l's-  '^''^e  inhabit- 
ants of  this  State  are  advancing  rapidly 
in  manufadurcs.  A  cotton  manufitll:ory 
has  been  erc^fled  at  Providence.  Jeans, 
fnftians,  denims,  thickfets,  velvets,  &:c. 
&:c.  are  here  manufadluied  and  fent  to 
the  fouthern  States.  Large  quantilies  of 
linen  and  tow  cloth  are  made  in  difFer- 
ent  parts  of  this  State  for  exportation. 
But  the  moft  confid'erable  niflnufacilures 
in  this  State  arc  tlicfe  of  iron;  fu-ch  as 
bar  and  ilieet  iron,  OefiU  nail-r(jds,  and 
nails,  implements  of  huroandry,  fi'oves, 
p<.>ts,and  other  iionfehold  utenfils.the  iron 
•work  of  Paippiag,  anchors,  bells,  &c.  &c. 
The  conUituiion  of  this  State  is  founded 
on  the  charter  granted  by  Charles  11.  in 
1663  ;  and  the  trame  of  government  was 
not  cfTentially  altered  by  the  revolution. 
The  legiilatureof  tbe  State  con fifts  of  two 
branches  ;  a  fenate  or  upper  houle,  coni- 
pofed  of  ten  members  betides  tiie  govev- 
r-oi  and  deputv  governor,  railed  m  the 
charter,  ajfiJianU ;  and  a  houle  of  reprc- 

itj  Slg.  W  w  (which  Ciould  be  W  w  w) 


fcntatives,  compofcd  of  deputies  from  tf^tf 
feveral  towns.     The  members  of  the  leg-/ 
illature  are  chofen  twice  a   year;    and 
there  are  two   feflions  of  t\\i  body   an- 
nually, viz.  on  the    ^iv?!  Wednefday  icr 
May,  and  the  laft  Wednefday  in  Oaoben 
This    State   was  firft  fettled   from  Maf- 
fachufetts.     Mr.  Roger  Williams,  a  min- 
ifter,  who  came    over  to  New  England 
in  163 1,  v/as  charged  with  holding  a  va- 
riety of  errors,  and  on  that  account  wi»9 
banilhcd  from  Mafiachufetts.     Governor 
Winthropadvifed  him  to  nurfue  his  courfc 
to  Nehiganfet,  or  Harraganf^t  Bay,  which- 
he  did,  and  fixed  hlmfelf  at  Secunk   or 
Seekhonk,    now    Rehoboth.      But    that 
place  being  within  the  bounds  of  Ply-c 
mouth  colony,  Gov.  Winflowjin  a  ♦'''■end- 
ly  manner,  advifed  him  to  remove  to  the 
other  fide  of  the  river,  where  the  landr 
were  not  covered   by   any  patent.      \c- 
cordlngly,  in  1636,  Mr.  Williams  and  4 
others  crofTed  Seekhonk  River,  and  land- 
ed amonc;  the  Indians,  by  whom  they' 
were  hofpitably  received,  and  thus  laid 
the  foundatidn  of  a  town,  which,  from  a, 
fcnfe   of  God's  merciful    providence  to' 
him,  he  called  Providence,     Here  he  was;' 
foon  after  joined  by  a  number  of  others  ; 
and,  though' they  were  fecured  from  the 
Indians  by  the  terror  of  the  Englifli,  yet 
they,  for  a   confiderable  time,  fuffered 
much  from  fatigue  and  want.     So  little 
has  the  civil  authority  to  do  with- religion 
here,  that  no  contrad:  betiii?'een  a  minif- 
ter  and  a  fociety  (unlefs  incorporated  for 
that  puipofe)  is  of  any  force,     ft  is  prob-" 
ably  for  thcfe  reafons,  that  fo  many  dif- 
ferent fedts  have  ever'been  found  here  ;' 
and  that  the  Sabl>ath  and   all  religiousr 
infliturions,  as  well  as  good  morals,  have 
been  Icfs  regarded  in  this  than  in  any 
other  of  the  New  EngUmd  States.     At' 
Newport  there  is  a  flourillaing  academy, 
under  the  dircdlion  of  a  re«£tor  and  tu- 
tors, who  teach  the  learned   languages, 
Englifn   grammar,    geography,    &c.      A 
law   has    been    made   eflabiilliing   town 
fchools  through  the  State,  but  was  found 
unpopular,  and  repealed.     Wichin  a  few 
years   a   turnpilie  road  has   been  made 
from  Providence  to  Conne<Slicut,  a  diP 
fance  of  about  'iid  miles  through  Johnf- 
ton,    Scituate   and    Coventry,    to    mett- 
the  turnpike  ro.ids  from  Norwithy  Hert- 
ford and  New-Haven.     The  road,  whicJi. 
M-as  vcrvrockv  and  difficult  to  pafs  witli 
cat  ridges,  is  now  rendered  tolerable     For 
a  turnpike  however,  it  has  been  Ihame- 
fullv  neglected  by  the  proprietors. 

Rhode- 

follows  immediately  after  tliis  lifllf  flicct*- 


RIC 


RIC 


ithoJe  JJland  Light  Houfe,  was  eretSled  in 
i  749,  in  Beaver  I'ail,  at  the  S  end  of  Ca- 
honicut  Ifland,  for  the  fafety  and  con- 
venience of  veflels  failing  Into  tlic  Narra- 
ganfet  Bay  and  harbour  of  Newport. 
The  ground  the  light  houfe  ftands  up- 
on is  about  I  a  feet  above  the  furface  of 
the  fea  at  high  water.  From  the  ground 
to  the  top  of  the  cornice  is  58  feet,  round 
which  is  a  gallery, and  within  that  Qands 
the  lantern,  which  is  about  11  feet  high, 
and  8  feet  diameter.  High  water  at  full 
and  change,  37  minutes  after  7  o'clock. 
JM  lat.  41  28,  W  Ion.  71  24. 

Rhode  River,  the  wefternmofl  water  of 
the  N  W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  riVer,  in 
N.  Carolina. 

Rhonde.      See  Ron^e. 

Rhyiiheci,  or  Rhincbcci,  a  poft  towri  of  N. 
York,  fituated  in  Dutchefs  co.  on  the  E 
fide  of  Hudfon's  river,  op  polite  to  King- 
Hon  ;  18  miles  N  of  Poughkcepfie  ;  103 
N  of  N.  York,  and  198  N  by  E  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  townfliip  contains  4012 
inhabitants,  of  whom  36I  are  flaves.  It 
is  bounded  S  by  Clinton,  and  N  by  Beek- 
man.  A  very  curious  cavern  has  been 
lately  difcovered  at  a  place  in  this  town, 
called  by  the  Indians,  Scpafcct.  See 
Dutchefs  County. 

Rialexa,  or  R'laleno,  a  town  of  Ntw 
Spain,  iituatcdon  a  fmall  river  in  Nicara- 
gua, 5  miles  from  the  fca,  where  is  a 
good  harbour.  It  is  unwholefomc  by 
reafon  of  marflies  in  the  vicinity.  It  is 
60  miles  W  of  Leon,  and  the  Lake  Nicar- 
agua.    N  lat.  12  25,  W  Ion.  89  to. 

Rice  Lake,  U.  Canada,  is  in  the  home 
diftritSl,  from  which  there  is  a  portage  of 
II  miles  to  lake  Ontario  ;  It  dlfcharges 
itfelf  by  the  river  Trent,  into  the  head 
of  the  bay  of  Quinte.  Smyth. 

Riccborough,  a  town  in  Liberty  co.  Geor- 
gia, where  the  county  courts  are  held. 

Rich,  Cape,  on  the  \V  fide  of  the  ifland 
of  Newfoundland,  towards  the  N  end, 
and  In  the  N  E  part  of  the  gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  having  the  ifle  of  St.  John  and  ! 
other  fmall  Ifles  to  the  N.  This  cape  or 
point  uftd  to  be  omitted  in  the  French 
maps,  feemingly  becaufe  it  was  the  bounds 
of  their  privilege  of  fifliing,  which  extend- 
ed from  hence  northward,  and  round  to 
Cape  Bonavlfta. 

Rlchardfuns  Bay,  on  the  S  E  part  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica.  The  anchorage  with- 
in it  is  between  Morant  river  and  Two 
Mile  Wood, 

Richjield,  a  townflaip  of  N.  York,  in  Ot- 
fego  CO.  taken  from  Otfego  townfliip,  and 
Vol.  I.  W  w  ^ 


incorporated  in  1792.  It  has  1405  in 
habitants. 

Richford,  the  N  eaflernmoft  tovvnfliip 
of  Franklin  co.  Vermont ;  on  Millifcoa 
river.     It  has  113  inhabitants. 

Richland,  a  diftrl(5t  of  S.  Carolina,bound- 
ed  S  and  S  W  by  Cong-irec  and  Broad 
rivers,  and  E  by  Waterec  river,  which 
divides  ix  from  Kerfhaw  and  Clermont 
counties.  It  contained  in  1790,  3,930 
inhabitants  ;  of  whom  2,479  were  white, 
and  1,437  flaves. 

Richland,  a  townfhip  of  Pennfylvania, 
in  Buck's  county,  having  Ii66inhabitant5. 

Richland,  a  diftri<a  of  S.  Carolina,  con- 
taining 6097  inhabitants,  of  whom  3033 
are  flaves. 

Richlieu,  the  French  name  given  for- 
merly to  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain. 
See  Siret. 

Richlieu  IJJands,  ajclnfter  of  fmall  Iflands 
in^  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  about  la 
leagues  above  the  town  of  Trois  Riviere?, 
at  the  boundary  of  the  government  of 
Montreal.  There  are  nearly  100  of 
them.     N  lat.  46  22,  W  Ion.  71  7. 

Richlieu,  the  name  of  an  ancient  fmall 
fortification  built  by  the  French,  on  the 
N  bank  of  the  river  Sorel,  at  its  juniftion 
with  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  oppofitethe 
iflands  of  Richlieu. 

Rich?nans  JJland,  on  the  coafl  of  Cum- 
berland CO.  Maine,  N  4  leagues  from 
Wood  Ifland,  and  a  league  W  of  Portland. 
Few  veflels  put  in  here,  except  coafters. 
There  is  a  funken  ledge  S  E  half  a  mile 
from  the  N  E  end  of  the  ifland,  which 
only  flaews  itfelf  when  the  wind  blows 
frefli  :  But  you  need  not  go  fo  near  the 
ifland.  Wood  Ifland  is  in  lat.  43  50  N, 
and  Ion.  69  37  W. 

Richmond,  a  townfliip  on  the  W  line  of 
Mafl'achufetts,  in  Berkfliire  co.  17  miles 
W  by  S  of  Lenox,  and  150  W  of  Bofton, 
Iron  ore  of  the  lirft  quality  is  found  here, 
but  as  it  lies  deep  it  is  raifed  at  a  great 
expenfe.  Ore  of  indilTerent  quality  i« 
found  in  many  places.  It  abounds  with 
limellone,  coarfe,  white,  and  clouded 
marble.  It  was  incorporated  in  1775,  2"<i 
contains  an  iron  work,  3  grifl  mills,  a  ful- 
ling mill,  2  faw  mills, aiid  104 4 inhabitants. 

Richmond,  a  townfliip  of  Chefhire  co. 
N.  Hampflilre  ;  on  the  MalHichufetts 
line,  about  n  miles  E  of  Connecticut  riv- 
er, and  97  W  by  S  of  Portfmouth.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1752,  and  contain^. 
1390  inhabitants. 

Richmond,  a  townfliip  in  Wafliington 
CO,  Rhode  Ifland,  feparated  from  Hop- 

kington 


^IC 


tXti^ 


kinton  on  the  Wby  Ward's  river,  a  branch 
of  Paucatuck  river.  It  is  about  19  miles 
W  of  Newport,  and  contains  1368  in- 
habitants. 

Rkhmand,  a  county   of  N.  York,  com- 
prehending all  Staten  Ifland ;  which  lee. 
Richmond,  a  county   of  N.    Carolina,  in 
Fayette  diftridt,  bounded  S,  by  the  State 
of  S.  Carolina,  and  N,  by   Moore -co.       It 
contains  5623   inhabitants  including  875 
flaves.  Chieftown, Rockingham.  Thecouft 
h'oufe,  at  which  a  poft:  office  is  k^pt,  is  20 
miles  from  Anfon  court  houfe,  5  6  from  Fay- 
etteville,  and  563  from  Philadelpiiia.    The 
S  E  part  of  the  county   is  one  continued- 
plain,  covered  in  many  places  with  pines  ; 
but  mofily  inhabited  by  Scotchmen.   The 
upper  part  of  the  county  has  hills   and 
vales.     In  the  middle  and  E  part   of  the 
county  large  tradls  of  land  remain   wild. 
The    inhabitants  of  Richmond    co.   are 
Prefbyterians,   BaptiH:*,    Methodifts    and^j 
Quakers.     Their  houl'es  are  logs,  covered  | 
with  flabs.     In  1797,  there  was  uot  a  fin-  ; 
iflaed  brick  or  (lone  houfe,  and.  very  fev*  j 
framed  houfes  in  the  county.  ! 

Richmond,  a  county  of  Virginl^i,  bound-  ': 
ed  N  and  N  E  by  V/eflmoreland,  and  S  ; 
and  S  W  by  Rappahannock  river,  which  i 
feparates  it  from  EiTex  co.      This  county 
and  Weftmoreland  contain  5918  free  and 
7826  black  inhabitants.  The  court  houfe, 
where  a  pofl  office   is  kept,  is   273  miles 
from  Philadelphia. 

Richmond,  the  ppefent  feat  of  govern- 
ment of  the- State  of  "Virginia,  is  fituated 
in  Henrico  co.  on  the  N  iMe  of  James's 
river,  juft  at  the  foot  of  the  falls,  and  con- 
tains between  400  and  500  houfes,  and 
344  free  and  2293  black  inhabitants* 
Part  of  the  houfes  are  bulk  on  the  margin 
of  the  river,  convenient  for  bunnels  ;  the 
reft  are  upon  a  hill  which  overlooks  ilie 
lower  part  of  the  town,  and  commands  an 
exteniive  profpect  of  the  river  and  adja- 
cent country.  The  new  houfes  are  well 
built.  The  ftate  houfe,  or  capitol,  is  on 
the  hill.  This  city  iikewife  boafts  of  an 
elegant  fiatue  af  the  iiluftrious  Waflvlng- 
ton,  which  was  formed  at  Paris.  The 
lower  part  of  the  town  is  divided  by  a 
creek, over  which  is  a  convenient  brid<*e. 
A  bridge  between  300  and  4C0  yards  in 
length,  has  been  thrown  acrofs  James's 
river,  at  tlie  foot  of  the  fall.  Tlyat  part 
from  Manchefterto  the  illaud  is  built  on 
15  boats.  From  the  illand  to  the  rocks 
was  form.?rly  a  floating  bridge  of  rafts  ; 
but  the  eutcrprifmg  proprietor  has  now 
built  it  of  framed  log  piers,  filled  v/ith 


flones.  From  the  rocks  to  the  landing  zt 
Richmond,  the  bridge  is  continued  on' 
framed  piers  filled  with  flones.  This 
bridge  connecSls  the  city  with  Manchef- 
ter  ;  and  as  the  paflengers  pay  toll,  it  pro- 
duces a  handfome  revenue  to  Col.  Mayo, 
who  is  the  fole  proprietor.  The  public 
buildings,  befide  the  ftate  houfe,  are  an 
Epifcopal  church,  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
a  theatre,  and  3  tobacco  w^are  houfes. 
At  the  W  end  of  the  town  arefeveral  mille, 
one  of  which  is  not  inferior  to  the  U  S. 
Near  the  mills  is  a  dlfttllcry  and  brewery; 
The- falls  above  the  bridge  are  7  miles  in 
length.  A  noblecanalis  cut  on  theN  fide  of 
the  river,  which  terminates  in  a  bafon  of" 
about  two  acres,  in  the  town  of  Richmond. 
From  this  bafon  to  the  wharves  in  the  riv- 
er, will  be  a  land  carriage  of  about  a  mile. 
The  opening  of  this  canal  promifes  the' 
addition  of  much  wealth  to  Richmond, 
VeflTels  of  burden  he  at  City  Point,  20 
miles  below,  to  ■  which  the  goods  fiom 
Richmond  are  fent  down  in  boats.  It  is 
626  miles  from  Bofton,  374  from  N.  York, 
1 76  from  Baltimore,  278  from  Philadel- 
plria,  247  from  Fayetteville,  497  from 
CharleftOn,  and  662  fromtjavannah.  N 
iat.  3  7  40,  Vf  lon.>  7750- 

Richmond,  a  county  of  the  Upper  d  if- 
trict.of  Georgia,  in  which  is  fituated  the 
city  of  Augufta.  It  is  feparated  from  S, 
Carolina  on  the '3;  by  Savannah  river, 
and  contains  6  towns,  and  5473  inhabit- 
ants, of  vrhom  2691  are  flaves. 

Richmond,  a  towu  of  the  ifland  of  St.' 
Vincent's,  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  feated- 
at  the  head  of  a  deep  bay,  on  the  weftern^ 
fide  of  the  ifland.  Chateaubelair  river 
runs  on  the  fouth  fide  of  the  town,  which 
gives  name  to  the  bay.  Another  river 
empties  into  the  bay  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
town. 

Richmond,  a  town  in  Chittenden  co.  Ver- 
mont, made  in  1794,  out  part  of  Willif- 
ton  and  part  of  Jericho,  it  is  an  excellent 
tratSt  of  land,  lying  on  both  fides  of  Onion 
River.     It  contains  718  inhabitants. 

Richmond  Tcivnjhip,  in  Lenox  CO.  U, 
Canada,  lies  north  of.  Frederickfburgh,  in 
the  bay  of  Quinte,  and  is  watered  in  front 
'uy  the  river  Appennie. 

RiJf^u  River,  in  the  eaftern  dlfl^ridl:,  U. 
j  Canada,  runs  fomewhat  parallel  to  the 
river  Petit  Nation,  and  empics  itfclf  into 
the  Grand,  or  Ottawa  river  about  3  mile* 
higher  up.  The  land  on  each  fide  of  this 
river  is  very  good  for  fettlcments  .Smyth. 
Ridgtf.Jd,  a  poft  town  of  Coane6licut,in 
Fairfield  co.  xq  miles  .S  W  of  Danbury,  78 


mxo 


tio 


SW  of  Hartford,  51  N  E  of  Kingfbndge;  , 
in  the  State  of  N.York.  The  townfliip 
of  Ridgetield  was  called  by  the  Indians 
Cattdot(rwa,  or  high  land.  It  well  anfwers 
the  name,  for  though  it  is  14  miles  from 
the  Sound,  it  affbrtls  a  good  profpeA  of  it, 
and  of  Long  Ifland.  Of  the  latter,  40 
miles  in. length  is  vifible,  and  veflcls  may 
be  feen  as  they  pafs  up  the  Sound.  It  was 
f-ltled  in  1709,  and  has  ^0-55  inhabitants. 

Ridley,  a  townlliip  in  Delaware  co. 
Pennfylvania. 

Riga  IJlanl^  near  the  N  W  part  «f  the 
ifland  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
behind  which  is  the  principal  harbour 
of  the  main  idand. 

RimaCf  a  river  of  Peru,  which  pafTcs 
through  the  city  of  Lima,  and  falls  into 
the  fea  6  miles  below  that  c'Wf. 

Rindge,  or  Ringe,  a  town  in  the  county 
of  Chefliire,  N.  Hampfliire.  It  lies  upon 
the  MafTachufetts  line,  about  80  miles 
wcderly  of  Portfmouth,  and  70  north 
wefl  of  Bofton.  V/as  incorporated  in 
1768.  In  1775,  it  contained  542,  in  17,90, 
,1143,  and  in  1800,1195  inhabitants.  In 
this  townfliip  are  thirteen  natural  ponds  of 
watef  of  different  fizcs,  in  which  are 
pickerel,  perch,  trout,  eels,  &c.  In  this 
townfliip,  northerly,  is  a  mine  lately  dif- 
covered,  which  contains  a  kind  of  ochre 
-of  a  Spanilli  brown.  -One  half  of  the 
■water  of  this  town  runs  to  the  Merri- 
mack, the  f)ther  to  Connecticut  river. 

Ring  Ifaml^  a  fmall  ifiand  oppoCte 
;Kewbnryport,  to  the  eaftward,  -lying  to 
the  left  as  you  go  out  of  the  harbour, 
containing  12  or  15  houfes,  a  grift  and 
faw  mill  going  to  decay. 

Ringo's  Toivn,  in  Hunterdon  co.  New 
Jerfey,  lies  about  15  miles  N  W  of 
Princeton. 

Riohamba,  a  jurifdiiflion  of  Peru,  in  the 
province  of  Quito,  having  a  capital  of  it« 
own  name.  I'he  productions  and  man- 
iifa<ftures  of  this  px-ovince  excel  all  the 
reft  of  the  provinces  of  Peru.  Several 
parts  of  it  are  full  of  mines  of  gold  and 
lilver.  Riobamba  the  capital  contains 
18,000  fouls. 

Rio  Bueno,  in  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  lies 
I4miles  eaftward  of  Martha  Brae,  where 
a  fliip  may  lie,  bringing  the  point  N  N 
W  iji  8  or  9  fathoms  water.  The  bank 
is  fteep.  Eaftward  of  this,  4  or  5  miles 
is  Dry  Harbour. 

Rio  Grande,  ^  caprainfhip  in  the  North- 
ern divifion  of  Brazil,  whofe  chief  town 
16  Tignares. 

IVn  Grande^  a  large  river  of  Brazil,  from 


whence  the  above  captainfliip  lias"  its 
name.  The  Portuguefe  fay  its  entrance 
is  difllcult  and  dangerous,  though  wid* 
and  deep  enough  further  in. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Terra  Firma,  S. 
America,  which  rifes  near  the  equator, 
runs  eaftward, and  falls  into  the  N.  Sca,bc- 
tween  Carthagena  and  St.  Martha.  Alfo 
the  name  of  a  river  of  Brazil,  which  falls 
into  the  fea  at  Natal  los  Reyes. 

Rio  dc  la  Hacha,  a  town  and  province 
in  the  N  divifion  of  Terra  Firma. 

kio  dc  Patas,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  lies 
ID  leagues  S  of  St.  Catherine. 

Rio^dela  Plata.     See  Plata  Riyver. 

Rio  dc  la  Plata,  a  province  in  the  S  di- 
v^^lon  of  Paraguay  in  S.  America.  This 
province  is  bounded  on. the  N  W  by  Tu- 
cuman  and  Grand  Chaco  ;  it  extends  S 
to  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  comprehend- 
ing a  great  part  of  the  country  E  of 
the  Cordilleras  ;  and  on  the  E  by  the  S. 
Atlantic  Ocean.  This  province  former- 
ly belonged  to  Paraguay,  but  was  divided 
from  it  in  1621,  and  erected  into  a  fcp- 
arate  government  called  Rio  de  la  Plata. 
This  part  of  the  continent  was  firft  dif- 
covered  in  1516  by  Juan  Diaz  dc  Sobs. 
The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the  earth 
extremely  fertile,  producing  in  abundance 
wheat,  and  all  other  grains,  vegetables 
and  fruits,  particularly  peaches  of  a  very 
delicious  flavour,  which  grow  wild,  and 
the  trees  of  which  afford  likewife  the 
principal  part  of  the  fuel.  This  country 
is  well  watered  by  diftercnt  rircrs,  which, 
all  empty  themfelves  into  the  great  river 
La  Plata,  one  of  the  four  largeft  rivers 
in  America.  The  capital  of  this  prov- 
ince is  the  Trinity  of  Buenos  Ayrcs 
founded  by  Don  Pedro  de  Mendoza,  in. 
the  year  1535  ;  it  was,  foon  after  its  firft 
fettling,  twice  abandoned,  being  invaded 
by  the  Jarres  and  Charuas  Indians  ;  be- 
fore delivering  up  the  city,  the  inhabit- 
ants were  reduced  .to  the  extremity  of 
eating  Iniman  flefli.     See  Buenos  Ayres. 

Rio  de  Piurcos,  a  harbour  or  anchorage 
ground  on  the  N  ftde  of  the  ifland  of  Cu- 
ba, S  W  of  Bahia  Honda. 

Rio  ''Janeiro^  a  rich  and  populous  city  of 
Brazil,  having  many  elegant  churches  and 
handfome  buildings,  fituattd  within  a 
large  and  wide  bay,  in  lat.  24  15  S,  and 
Ion.  4  ■^  30  W.  It  contains  about  200,000 
inhabitants,  and  is  a  place  of  confldera- 
ble  trade.  The  ftreets  are  well  paved, 
an  aquedudlon  the  Roman  place  fupplie» 
the  city,  but  the  place  is  unhealthy.  It 
is  alio  called  St.  Sebaftian. 

Ri9 


no  A 


ROC 


Jth  ReaU  a  river  of  Brazil,  running  a!- 
niort  parallel  with  that  of  St.  Francis,  di- 
viding tlie  captainfliip  of  Seregipe  from 
that  of  Todosloe  Santos,  and  empties  in- 
to the  ocean  41  leagues  N  of  the  bay  of 
that  name. 

Rippacanoe  Creei,  in  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory^ is  a  weftern  branch  of  Wabafli  riv- 
er. The  Kickapee  Indian  town  lies  near 
it.  Its  mouth  is  20  miles  above  the  Low- 
er Weau  towns. 

Ripton^  atownfliip  In  Addifon  co.  Ver- 
mont, az  miles  E  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Ripgouche  Rivety  lis.  L.  Canada,  riles  a 
little  eaftward  of  St.  John's  river,  runs  S, 
then  E,  into  the  W  end  of  Chaleur  Bay 
by  a  broad  mouth.  Between  its  bend 
and  an  ealttrn  branch  of  St  John's  river 
is  a  fliort  portage.  It  receives  Matapc- 
diach  river,  and  a  number  of  fmaller 
ftreams  from  the  mouth.  It  is  navigaljJe 
for  fhips  7  leagues  from  its  mouth,  and 
abounds  with  falmon  and  wild  fov/1.  On 
its  Nbank,  near  its  mouth,  is  an  Indian 
village. 

Ri'vanna,  a  fmall  N  W  branch  of  James' 
river  in  Virginia,  whofe  headwaters  unite 
a  few  miles  N  of  Charlottefville,  and  emp- 
ty into  James'  river,  about  %  miles  above 
Elk  Ifland.  It  is  navigable  for  canoes 
and  batteaux  to  its  InterfecSlion  with  the 
S  W  mountains,  which  is  about  %2  miles  ; 
and  may  eafily  be  opened  to  navigation 
through  thofe  mountains,  to  its  fork  above 
Charlottefville. 

R'lvcrhead,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  in 
Suffolk  CO.  Long  I.  It  was  taken  from 
the  townfliip  of  Southold,  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1792,  and  has  1501  inhabitants. 

River  of  the  Weji,  in  the  W  part  of  N 
America,  empties  into  the  ocean  in  about 
lat.  43  17  30  N,  and  Ion.  laa  30  W.  It 
is  little  known,  except  near  its  mouth. 

Riviere,  Grande,  in  L.  Canada,  empties 
into  the  ocean  through  the  northern 
^lore  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  6  leagues  W 
N  W  of  Cape  Del'pair.  Here  is  a  confid- 
erablc  cod  llflicry. 

Roamle  Inltt,  on  the  coafl  of  N.  Caroli- 
na, leads  into  Albemarle  Sound.  N  lat. 
oJ  56,  W  ion.  76  14. 

Roanoke  IJlund,  is  0)i  the  S  fide  of  Albe- 
marle Sound.  The  N  point  of  the  ifland 
is  about  7  miles  W  of  Roanoke  Inlet. 

Roaucke,  a  long  and  rapid  river,  is  form- 
ed by  a  principal  branches,  Staunton  riv- 
er, which  rifesin  Virginia, and  Dan  river, 
which  rifes  in  N.  Carolina,  The  low  lands 
on  tlij^  river  are  fubje<ft  to  inundations. 
It  is  navigable  only  for  Tea  vefltl*  nearly 


30  miles,  for  boats  of  30  or  40  tons  W 
the  falls.  Above  the  falls  boats  of  5  tons 
afcend  about  aoo  miles.  It  empties  by 
feveral  mouths  into  the  S  W  end  of  Al- 
bemarle Sound.  The  planters  on  the 
banks  of  this  river,  are  fuppofed  to  be 
the  wealthieft  in  N.  Carolina.  The  low- 
er part  of  this  river  was  formerly  called 
Mozattoe. 

Roanoke  River, Little,  empties  into  Staun- 
ton river  from  the  N,  about  15  miles 
above  the  juncStion  of  Dan  and  Staunton 
rivers. 

Roaring  Ri-oer,  a  boatable  water  of  Ten- 
tStc  State,  which  runs  N  W  into  Cum- 
berland river,  la  miles  S  W  of  the  mouth 
of  Obas  river. 

Roberdeau,  a  fmall  fort  which  was  erecH:- 
ed  in  Bald  Eagle,  or  Sinking  Spring  Val- 
ley, in  Pennfylvania,  during  the  late  war. 
It  was  ercifted  for  the  proteAion  of  thofe 
who  then  worked  at  the  lead  mines.  But 
the  Indian  war  raging  around  them,  they 
wer^  forced  to  abandon  the  enterprife. 
See  Bald  Eagle  Valley. 

Robert  Bayt  on  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
foundland, Iqparated  from  Spanifli  Bay 
by  a  very  narrow  neck  of  land ;  and 
about  E  N  E  4  miles  about  the  point 
from  Port  Grave. 

Robert  Bay^  a  gulf  or  bay  of  the  ifland 
of  Martlnico  in  the  W.  Indies,  and  one  of 
the  lineft  natural  harbours  that  oan  be 
imagined,  being  able  to  contain  the  larg- 
eft  fleet  with  fuch  convenience,  that  the 
lliips  may  ride  near  enough  the  fliore  to 
reach  it  with  a  plank.  It  is  about  1 
leagues  in  depth,  and  is  formed  by  the 
Point  of  the  Galleons  on  the  W,  and  Point 
Rofe  on  the  E. 

Robert/on  s  County,  in  Teneffec,  in  Mero 
DiftriiSt,  is  bounded  N  by  Kentucky.  It 
is  watered  by  Cumberland  and  Red  riv- 
ers. It  contains  4280  inhabitants,  of 
whom  863  are  flaves. 

Robe/on,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  in 
Fayette  diftrid:,  and  bounded  S  W  by  the 
ftate  of  S.  Carolina.  It  contains  6666  in- 
habitants, including  960  flaves.  Chief 
town,  Lumberton. 

Robin  Hood's  Bay^  on  the  E  coaft  of 
Newfoundland,  is  frequented  by  fmall 
vefleb,  as  they  can  fiih  here  to  advan- 
tage. It  is  not  far  from  Trinity  Harbour, 
and  near  to  Fox  Klands. 

Roca  IJlands,  a  clufler  of  uninhabited 
iflands,  oflT  the  N  coaft  of  Venezuela,  in 
Terra  Firma,  about  40  leagues  N  W  by 
W  of  Tortugas. 

Rocn  PartiJof  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  N. 
Pacific 


ROC 


ROC 


Pacific  Ocean,  S  E  from  La  Mefa,and  W 
from  the  ific  La  Nublada  ;  lat.  i6  35  N, 
and  Ion.  128  W. 

Rochs^  Cape  de  la,  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
ifland  uf  St.  Domingo,  is  aUout  5  fcagues 
W  of  Old  Cape  Francois. 
.  RocJy,  Riviere  A  la,  a  river  of  the  N,  W. 
Territory,  which  runs  a  S  W  courfe,  and 
empties  into  the  MilTiflppi,  95  miles  above 
the  Iowa  Rapids. 

Rocber,  la  praire  du,  or  Rock  Mjadonvs-, 
on  Aliffifippi  river,  3  miles  below  thefpot 
wiicre  Fort  Chartres  Itood. 

Rochefier,  a  townfljip  of  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  and  contains  524  inhabitants. 

Rochejler^  a  townfliip  of  Mafiachufeits, 
Plymouth  co.  52  miles  fo'4chward  of  Bof- 
ton.     It  contains  2546  inhabitants. 

Rochcftcr,  a  townfliip  in  StraiTord  co.N. 
Hamplhire.oa  the  W  fide  of  the  N  branch 
of  Pifcataqua  river,  22  miles  N  W  of 
Portfmouth,  and  40  S  by  E  of  Middle- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1722,  and 
contains  2646  inhabitants.  One  term  of 
the  Court  of  Common  Pleas  is  annually 
held  in  this  town. 

Rachejier  Toivnfoip,  U.  Canada,  Hcs  on 
lake  St.  Clair,  between  Tilbury  and  Maid- 
ftone.  S,)2yiL 

Rochejier,  a  townililp  in  XJlfter  co.  N. 
York,  extending  W  to  Delaware  river. 
It  is  about  12  miles  S  W  of  Efopus,  and 
contains  2423  inhabitants. 

Rochaivay,  a  fmall  port  tov/n  In  Morris 
CO.  N.  Jerfey,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  river 
of  its  name,  15  miles  Nby  W  of  Morrif- 
town,  21  S  E  of  Newton. 

Rockbridge,  a  mountainous  county  of 
Virginia,  bounded  N  by  Augufta,  and  S 
by  James  river,  which  divides  it  from 
Botetourt  co.  It  contains  7875  free  in- 
habitants, and  1070  flaves.  The  famous 
Natural  Bridge  is  in  this  county.  Here 
is  alfo  a  ufeful  academy  of  from  20  to  40 
ftudents,  liberally  endowed  by  the  late 
Gen  Wafliington,  and  called,  after  him, 
IVaJbington  Academy.  Chief  town,  I^ei- 
ington. 

Rock  Fiji,  a  N  W  branch  of  James  river, 
in  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of  which  is 
fome  indifferent  marble,  generally  varie- 
gated with  red,  blue,  and  purple.  It  forms 
a  large  precipice,  which  hangs  over  a  nav- 
igable part  of  the  river.  None  of  the 
marble  has  ever  yet  been  worked. 

Rockford,  a  port  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
573  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Rockhill^  a  townfliip  of  Buck's  co.  Penn- 
fylvania. 

Rockingham^  onc  of  the  5  counties  into 


which  the  flats  of  N.  Hampfliirc  is  d^v^d-> 
ed.  It  lies  on  the  S  E  part  of  tlie  flate  j 
having  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  the  S  E, 
the  county  of  HillflDorough  on  the  W, 
Strafford  on  the  N,  and  theftate  of  Maf-. 
lachufetts  on  the  S.  It  is  about  60  miles 
longi  and  30  broad.  It  embraces  the  on- 
ly leapoit  and  moft  of  the  commercial 
towns  in  the  ftate.  It  contains  ^6  town- 
fliips,  and  45,427  inh,abitants.  Chief 
towns,  Portfmouth,  Exeter,  and  Concord. 

Rockingham, \.\\^  N  E  townfliip.  in  Wind- 
ham CO.  Vermont,  is  on  the  W  bank  of 
Conne<^iei^t  river,  which  feparates  it 
from  Walpole,  in  N.  Hampflxire.  It  con- 
tains 1684  inhabitania. 

Rockingham,  a  coynty  of  Salilbiiry  dif- 
trid:,  N.  Carolina,  bounded  E  by  CafwclJ, 
and  W  by  Stokes.  On  the  banks  of  the 
Dan,  which  waters  this  county,  are  large 
tradts  of  fertile  low  land.  A  furnace  and 
forge  liave  been  eredtcd  on  Troublefomc 
Creek.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  many  parts 
of  the  county.  It  contains  8277  iuhabit- 
ants,  including  1633  flaves. 

Rockingham, \}cvQ  chief  town  of  Richmond 
CO.  N.  Carolina.  It  is  feated  on  an  emi- 
nence, about  6  miles  E  of  Great  Pedee 
river,  and  contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol, 
and  a  few  dwelling  houfes.  It  is  74 
miles  from  Hillfborough,  40  from  Betha- 
nia,  ^nd  ST)^  from  Philadelphia. 

Rockingham,  a  mountainous  co.  of  Vir- 
ginia, bounded  N  by  Shenandoah,  and  S 
by  Augufla.  It  contains  9322  free  \xx.f 
habitants,  and  1052  Haves. 

Rockingham,  ufually  called  Rock  town. 
(Harrifonburgh  is  its  legal  name,)  a  port: 
town  and  the  feat  of  the  courts  of  the 
above  county,  is  fituated  on  a  branch  of 
Shenandoah  river,  and  contains  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about  30  houfes.  It  is 
108  miles  E  by  N  of  the  Sweet  Springs, 
25  N  W  by  N  of  Staunton,  52  S  W  of 
Strafburgh,  in  Pennfylvania,  and  262  S 
W  of  Philadelphia. 

Rocklanding,  a  military  pofl:  on  the  Oco- 
nee river,  Georgia. 

Rockland,  a  county  in  N.  York,  on  the 
W  fide  of  Hudfon  river.  It  was  feparat- 
ed  from  Orange  county,  and  is  now  the 
fouthernmoft  county  in  the  State,  on 
that  fide  the  river,  bounded  by  N.  Jerfey, 
S  W,  Orange  county  N  W,  Hudfon 's  riv- 
er E.     It  has  6353  inhabitants. 

Rocky  Meadoivs,  called  by  the  French 
La  Praire  du  Rocher,  in  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, on  the  E  fide  of  the  Miflifippi,  12 
miles  N  of  Kaflcaikias,  and  3  S  o,f  Fort 
Chartres,  About  20  years  ;igo,  it  con- 
tained 


ROG 


ROM 


tfi'ined  ICO  white  initabltants,  and  80  ne- 
groes. 

Ruckemcckn,  Lincoln  co.  Maine,  now  Jay. 

RockonLamTj  a  pond  of  about  a  mile  in 
circumference,  in  the  centre  of  I^ong  III- 
and,  N.  York,  between  Smithtown  and 
Hlip.  Tt  is  continuHlly  ebbing  and  flcvw- 
ing;  rifing  gradually 'for  feveral  years, 
■until  it  has  arrived  to  a  certain  height  ; 
and  th^n  falling  more  rapidly  to  -itsloweft 
bed. 

Raciy  JJlandy  in  the  river  Detroit  U. 
Canada,  lies  on  tiie  E  tide  of  GrofTe  Ifle, 
and  clofe  to  it  ;  this  iiland  is  a  rock,  the 
■flone  of  which  is  valuable  for  building  or 
for  lime.  The  rock  is  iu  ftrata,  lying 
pretty  regular.  There  is  no  wood'  on 
•this  iHand.  Smyih. 

Rocky  Point,  on  the  S  fhoce  of  Lake 
Erie,  lies  80  iniies  from  the  bay  -of  Sand- 
iilky. 

Rochy^  a  fmall  river  of  N.  CaroUnaj 
which  en^pties  into  Yadkin  river. 

Rocky  mount,  or  Franklin  Court  Houfs,  in 
Virginia,  where  is  a  poll  office,  ^5  miles 
from  Martir>{burg,  40  from  Liberty,  and 
1Z7,  from  Philadelphia. 

Rocky  Mou*!t,  on  the  Cataibau  river,  iu 
-the  lower  part  of  Chefter  co.  S.  Carolina, 
one  of  the  largeft  iifhing  places  in  the 
ibuthern  States.  It  is  faid,  that  with  a 
Jiand  net,  a  man  fometini€s  catches  10,  osr 
I7,coo  fhad  in  a  day. 

Rocky  River,  in  the  Indiana  Territory, 
falls  into  the  E  fide  of  ■MiiTi'fippi  river, 
about  70  miles  below  tlie  mouth  of 
Mine  river.  A  lead  mine  extends  from 
the  mouth  of  this  river  on  the  baq,ks  of 
the  Miffifippi,  more  than  ico  miles  up- 
wards. 

Roco  Grancfe,  ?Ln  iftand  on  the  coaft  e(f 
the  Spanilli  Main,  in  the  W.  Indies.  N 
lat.  ijt  s^^  Ion.  67  39. 

Rodney,  Point,  on  the  N  W  COaft  of  N. 
America,  is  the  N  point  of  Norton  Sound. 
Siedge  Ifland  is  8  E^  ^  E  of  it  4  leagues, 
between  which  and  the  continent  is  an- 
chorage in  7  fathoms.  This  point  has 
its  name  in  honor  of  the  celebrated  Ad- 
miral, Lord  Rodney.  N  lat.  64  30,  W 
^on.  166  3. 

Roiirigues  Key,  on  the  coafl  of  Florida, 
a  pretty  large  mangrove  iiland,' one  of 
the  Tortuga's,  lying  ofF  Key  Largo, 
and  bears  from  Tavcrnics'  Key  N  N  E 
■^  E  5  miles.  The  roots  of  the  trees  are 
always  overflowed.  N  lat.  ajjAVlon.  81 17. 

Roebuck  IJland,  at  the  carter n  extremity 
of  Lake  Ontario.     See  Forejl  JJanit. 

Rogers' Rcadyio  C2\\t^  from  the  perfon  I 


under  whofe  direclion  it  was  made,  «» 
1790.  It  leads  through  Clinttm  co.  in 
N.  York  ftate  into  Canada  ;  and  is  much 
ufed  in  winter,  when  palfing  the  lakes  i« 
often  dangerou?,  and  always  uncomfort- 
able. 

:??/7rcf/'i'///f,  the  cbief  toVn  of  Hawkins 
CO.  Tcnefl'ee,  is  handfomely  fituated  iti 
Carter's  valley,  with  a  profpetfl  pltafiogly 
variegated  by  fome  round  hills  at  a  dif- 
tance.  It  contains  about  20  dwelling 
houfes,  fome  public  buildings,  ftorcs,  &:c. 
It  has  a  number  of  perrenial  fprings,  and 
one  above  the  level  of  the  ftreers.  The 
:?road  from  Knoxville  to  Philadelphia, 65a 
miles,  palTes  by  Rogcrfville,  Rofs's  Fur- 
nace, Abingdon,  Englifli's  Ferry,  on  New 
'River,Big  LiekjPeytonfourg,  Rockbridge, 
Lexington, Staunton, N.  Market, Winchei- 
ter,  Fjedericktown,  York,  and  Lancafler, 
Roland's  Tabic,  on  the  main  land  of  the 
E  coafl:  of  the  diftrict  of  Gafpee  in  L, 
Canada,  and  the  W  part  of  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  is  a  flat  mountain,  which 
fliews  itfclf  off  to  feawa-rd  ;  appears  above 
feveral  others,  and  ferves  to  fmd  out  Ifle 
Percee,  or  Pierced  Ifland,  15  miles  front 
Cape  Gafpee.  The  ifland  of  Bonavcntur 
ra  is  3  miles  beyond  it. 

Rolling  Fori,  a  ma,in  fouthern  branch  of 
Salt  river,  in  Kentucky.  The  towns  of 
Lyftra  and  Beaiflaurg  ftand  on  this  river. 
R'.atan,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  Carol i^ 
na.  From  hence  to  Charlefl:on  light 
houfe  the  courfe  is  W  S  W  ^  W  21  leagues, 
N  lat.  ^2>  S,  W  Ion.  79  30. 

Roman,  Cape,  on  the  coaft  of  Florida,  i? 
20j  leagues  N  W  by  N  of  Cape  Sable, 
the  S  W  point  of  the  peninfula  of  Florida. 
Roman,  Cape,  on  the  N  coafl:  of  Terra 
Firma,  is  the  N  point  of  the  peninfulsi 
which  is  the  E  limit  of  the  Gulf  of  Ve- 
nezuela. Near  it  on  the  N  are  a  number 
of  rocks,  and  due  Jl  of  it  is  the  ifland  of 
Orua,  or  Aruba,  belonging  to  the  Dutch, 
8  or  9  leagues  diftant. 

Romano,  CiX  Romano  Cayo,  a  fmall  ifland 
off  the  N  fliore  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba.  It 
is  long  and  narrow,  and  at  theeafl:ern  ex- 
tremity of  that  cluftcr  of  ifles  called  the 
King's  Garden. 

Rtms,  a  port:  town  of  N,  York,  Oneida 
CO.  on  Mohawk  river,  8  miles  W  of 
Whitcflown,  and  376  miles  from  Phila- 
delphia, having  1479  inhabitants.  This 
townfliip  was  taken  from  Steuben,  and 
incorporated  in  1796.  Fort  Stanwix,  call- 
ed alfo  New  Fort  Schuyler,  is  in  this 
town. 

R'jmney^  the  chief  t(ywn  of  Hampfhire 


RC'S 


KOS 


CO.  Virginia,  contains  about  70  dwelling 
lioufes,  a  brick  court  hoiife  and  a  ftonc 
gaol.  It  is  lituated  on  the  wcftern  bank 
of  the  S  W  branch  of  Patowmac  river, 
50  miles  W  by  N  of  Winchefter,  25  i4  E 
by  Nof  Moorficlds,  and  18  S  W  of  Old 
Town,  in  Alleghany  co.  Pennfylvania.  It 
is  A  poft  town,  and  is  242  miles  W  by  S 
of  Philadelphia. 

Romopack^  a  village  in  Bergen  co.  N. 
Jcrl'cy,  on  Romopack  river,  13  or  ao 
miles  N  of  Patterfon. 

Romulus^  a  military  townfliip  in  N. 
York  ftate,  Cayuga  co.  between  Seneca 
r.id  Cayuga  Lakes.  The  high  road  to 
the  ferry  at  Cayuga  Lake,  rims  through 
its  N  part.  It  was  incorporated  in  1 794  ; 
and  has  within  its  jurifdicftion  the  town- 
fliipsof  Junus  and  Galen,  and  that  part 
of  the  lands  rtlcrved  to  the  Cayuga  nation 
«f  Indians,  W  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It  has 
1025  inhabitants. 

Ro>ide,ov  Rbon.le  JJlandyOvio.  of  the  Gren- 
adines, dependent  on  the  ifland  of  Gren- 
ada, in  the  W.  Indies,  fituated  about  mid- 
way between  Cariacou  and  the  N  end  of 
Grenada,  about  4  leagues  from  each.  It 
contains  about  500  acres  of  excellent  land, 
which  arc  wholly  applied  to  pallurage, 
and  the  cultivation  of  cotton. 

Rope  Ftrry,  a  ferry  acrofs  a  bay  In  the 
town  of  New  London,  Connecticut  ;  4 
lAiles  S  W  by  W  of  N.  London  city, on  the 
poft  road  to  New  Haven,  I'he  bay  fets 
up  from  Long  Ifland  Sound,  between 
Millftone  Point  and  Black  Point  in  Lyme. 
In  Auguft,  1796,  a  bridge,  500  feet  long, 
was  built  acrofs  this  ferry,  2  miles  above 
Millftone  Point,  where  the  water  is  18 
feet  deep.  The  bridge  is  24  feet  broad, 
with  a  Aiding  draw. 

Rogue,  Gape,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  N 
W  of  Cape  St.  Augaftine,  S  lat.  6  20,  W 
Ion.  37  30. 

Ro/a,a.  cape  in  the  ifland  of  St. Domingo, 
E  N  E  -I  E  of  Cape  Dame  Marie,  the  W 
point  of  the  ifland,  dlftant  about  7  leagues. 

Ro/a,  or  Si.  R'>fcs  an  extcnfive  bay  on 
the  coafl  of  W.  Florida,  ftretching  about 
30  miles  N  E,  and  is  from  4  to  6  miles 
broad.  The  bar  before  it  has  only  7  or 
8  feet  water,  where  deepeft;  but  within 
tbcre  is  i6  or  17,  as  far  as  the  Red  Bluff 
on  the  main  land.  The  peninfula  be- 
tween this  bay  and  that  of  Penfacola,  on 
the  W,  is  from  i  to  3  or  4  miles  broad. 
It  is  generally  a  tery  poor,  fandy  foil, 
producing,  in  fome  places,  large  pines 
and  live  oak.  The  largefl:  river  that  falls 
iato  the  b.ay  x%  Chada  Hutcha,  or  Pea 


river,  which  runs  from  the  N  E  and  enter* 
the  caftern  extremity  of  the  bay  through' 
feveral  mouths,  but  fo  flioal  that  only  a' 
fmall  boat  or  canoe  can  pafs  them.  Mr,' 
Hutchius  afccnded  it  a\)Out  25  leagues,, 
where  he  found  a  fmall  party  of  the 
Coullac  Indians. 

Rofa,  or  Rife  IJlandt  extends  along  the 
mouth  of  the  above  bay,  and  is  about  5b 
miles  long,  and  no  v.-here  above  half  a 
mile  broad.  The  channel  at  the  E  end 
of  the  iiland  is  fo  choaked  up  with  a  large 
flioal,  in  fome  places  dry,  that  the  deep- 
eft  vi^ater  is  only  4  or  5"  feet  ;  and  tiie 
channel  between  Rofe  Ifland  and  the 
main  is  barely  fufiicient  for  boats  orpec- 
tiaugere. 

Rljulie,  Forty  h  fituated  in  the  MifTifip- 
pi  territory,  in  the  Natcliez  country,  oij- 
the  E  fide  of  the  Mifl.fippi,  in  lat.  31  40  ; 
243  miles  above  New  Orleans. 

Rujcauy  the  capital  of  the  ifiand  of 
Dominico,  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  is  now 
called  Charlottetown,  and  is  fituated  id 
St.  George's  parlfli,  about  7  leagues  from' 
Prince  Rupert's  Bay.  It  is  on  a  point  of 
land  on  tJic  S  W  fide  of  the  ifland  which 
forms  two  bays,  viz.  Woodbridge's  Bay  N, 
and  Chailotteville  Bay  S.  Kofeau  is 
about  half  a  mile  in  len^l^h  from  Char- 
lotteville  to  Roleau,  and  moftly  two  fur- 
longs in  breadth,  but  is  of  an  irregular 
figure.  It  contains  more  than  500  houfes, 
befide  cottages  occupied  by  negroes, 
Whilft  in  poiVeffion  of  the  French,  it  con- 
tained upwards  of  loco  houfes.  N  lat, 
15  25,  W  Ion.  61  27. 

Rofe,  St.  or  Jayria.  The  cftabliflimcnts 
in  the  plain  of  St.  Rofe,  and  thofe  on  the 
banks  of  the  Jayna,  on  the  S  fide  of  the 
iiland  of  St.  Domingo,  are  looked  upon  as 
depending  on  the  city  of  St.  Domingo, 
They  are  reckoned  to  contain,  at  icafV, 
2000  inhabitants ;  for  the  moft  part  peo- 
ple of  colour,  free  and  flavcs.  The  river 
Jayna  is  3  leagues  W  of  that  city.  The 
parifli  of  St.  Rofe  or  Jayna,  which  has  in 
its  dependency  the  ancient  rich  popula- 
tion of  Bonaventure,  is  now  reduced  to 
a  handful  of  individuals,  whofe  employ- 
ment is  the  breeding  of  cattle  or  the  wafli- 
ing  of  gold  fand.  Towards  the  fource  of 
the  Jayna,  and  near  the  town  of  St.  Rofe, 
were  the  celebrated  gold  mines  of  St. 
Chriftopher  ;  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
which  Columbus  erecSled  a  fort  by  the- 
name  of  St.  Chriftopher. 

Rofeioay,  i'or/,  a  populous  fcaport  town,, 
on  the  S  E  coaft  of  Nova  Scotia,  N  E  by 
E  of  Cape  Negro  and  Harbour- 

Rofeway, 


HDtr 


ROW 


"kofetvay  IJland,  lies  at  tlie  TtlOUth  o' 
Von  Wager,  on  the  S  E  coaft  of  Nova 
Scotia. 

Rojict,  Cape,  in  Penobfcot  Bay,  Maine. 

Rojhrsy  Cape,  the  S  limit  of  the  mouth 
bf  the  river  St.  Lawrence  ;  from  whence 
it  is  90  miles  acrofs  to  the  N  fliore,  meaf- 
liring  by  the  W  end  of  the  iHand  of  An- 
licofli.  This  is  the  earterrimoft  point  of 
the  diflridl  of  Gafpee,  in  L.  Canada.  It 
has  Florell  Ifle  and  Cape  Galpee  on  the 
S.     N  lat.  48  56,  W  Ion.  63  40. 

Rafi,  a  CO.  of  the  flate  of  Ohio,  has  8540 
inhabitants.  It  is  divided  into  n  to^vn- 
ihips,  viz.  Pickawayj  Green,  JefFtrfon, 
Pe  Pee,  Lick,  Scioto,  Union,  Concord, 
Faxton,  New  Market,  and  Wayne. 

Rojp.gnol,  Fort,  on  the  S  coaft  of  Nova 
Scotia,  a  harbour  S  W  df  Port  de  L'Heve. 

RnJJl'snol,  a  conlldcrable  lake  in  Nova 
Scotia,  between  Liverpool  and  Annapolis. 
The  Indians  fay  it  is  the  main  fource  of 
Liverpool  and  Petit  rivers.  It  has  been 
a  place  of  refort  for  the  Indians,  on  ac* 
count  of  the  favourable  hunting  grounds 
tipon  it. 

Roltei-ddTTi,  tjf  Anamocce  Jp,  one  of  the 
Friendly  Iflands,  N  of  Amfterdam  Ifle ; 
remarkable  for  its  fertility  and  the  peace- 
able difpofition  of  the  inhabitants. 

Rotterdam,  Netv,  a  new  fettlement  on 
the  N  fide  of  Oneida  Lake,  N.  York. 

Rouge,  Cape,  or  Red  Cape,  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  idand  of  St.  Domingo,  4  leagues  W 
of  Point  Ifabellica. 

Rouge  River,  in  Louifiana,  is  fo  called 
from  its  waters  being  of  a  red  colour,  and 
laid  to  tinge  thofe  of  the  Mffifippi  in  the 
time  of  the  floods.  It  rifcs  in  New  Mex- 
ico, and,  after -running  about  600  miles, 
joins  the  Mifllfippi  187  miles  above  New 
Orleans,  36-^  miles  below  Fort  Rofalie  ; 
30  miles  from  Its  mouth  it  I'eceives  Noir, 
or  Black  river.  Near  70  leagues  up  Rouge 
river  the  French  had  a  confiderable  pofl 
called  Natchitoches.  It  WdS  a  frontier  to 
the  Spanifli  fcttlements,  being  20  miles 
frona  Fort  Adayes,  The  Fort  at  Natchi- 
toches was  formerly  garrifoned  by  a  Cap- 
tain's Command,  and  contained  about  40 
families,  moftly  of  difcharged  fo!dicrs,and 
fpme  merchants,  who  traded  with  the 
rajaniards.  Tobacco  of  a  fuperior  quali- 
fy is  cultivated  at  this  port,  in  cor.fidera- 
ble  quantities,  and  fold  at  New  Orleans. 
See  Red  River.  Hutsbins. 

Rouge  Chapeau,  OX  Red  Hat,  a  cape  on 
the  coafl  of  N.  America.  N  lat.  46  31, 
W  Ion.  sS  ^6. 

R'.und  B(iy^  a  fine  bay,  with  good  an- 


chorage, on  the  W  fide  of  t!ie  ifland  of 
St.  Lucia. 

Round,  Cape,  on  the  coafl  of  Labra- 
dor. 

Round  Heads,  Indians  inhabiting  on 
Round  Head  river,  in  N.America.  War- 
riors, 2000. 

Round  Ifland,  a  fitiall  ifland  on  the  cOaft 
of  W.  Florida,  lies  5  miles  N  from,  and 
oppohte  to,  the  middle  of  Horn  Ifland, 
and  is  well  timbered. 

Round  Rock,  one  of  the  Virgin  Iflands, 
N  of  Ginger  Ifland.  N  lat.  18  10,  W 
Ion.  6a  SZ- 

Roivan,  one  of  thfe  moft  populous  coun- 
ties of  N.  Carolina  in  SaliPjilry  dilhicl  ; 
bounded  N  by  Iredell,  and  S  by  Cabarrus. 
It  contains  19,413  inhabitants,  including 
2532,  flaves.  In  this  co.  about  10  miles  S 
W  of  Salifl;)ury,  200  from  the  fca,  and  70 
from  the  mountains  is  a  remarkable  fub- 
terraneous  wall.  The  fliones  are  all  of 
one  kind,  contain  iron  ore,  are  of  a  long 
figure,  commonly  about  7  inches  long, 
fometimes  12.  The  ends  of  the  ftones 
forrn  the  fides  of  the  wall,  fome  preferve 
their  dimenfions,  others  end  like  a  wedge. 
The  alternate  pofition  of  great  and 
fmall  ends  keeps  the  wall  level.  Every 
concave  ftone  is  furniflied  with  1  convex. 
The  mod  irregular  are  thrown  into  the 
middle  of  the  wall.  Every  ftone  is  cov- 
ered with  cement,  which  in  fome  inftances 
is  an  inch  thick,  and  where  wet  is  foft 
like  putty.  The  wall  is  uniformly  2Z 
inches  thick,  the  length  difcovered  is 
about  300  feet,  the  height  12  or  14.  The 
top  of  the  wall  is  nearly  parallel  with  the 
top  of  the  ground,  about  a  foot  below, 
both  fides  are  plaftered,  and  in  one  place 
only  is  a  bend  or  curve  of  6  feet.  'Fhe 
whole  is  executed  in  a  moft  fkilful  man- 
ner.     See  Wall  Subterraneous. 

Roive,  a  townflaip  in  the  N  W  corner 
of  Hampfliire  co.  Maflachufetts  ;  bound- 
ed N  by  Vermont,  115  miles  N  "W  of  Bof- 
ton.  It  is  watered  by  Deerficld  river, 
and  contains  575  inhabitants. 

Roiuley,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetts, 
ElFex  CO.  having  Newbury  on  the  N  E. 
The  inhabitants,  1557  in  number,  are 
moftly  farmers.  Near  its  bounds  with 
Newbury  on  the  hill  S  E  from  the  mills 
on  Smelt  R.  fome  fpecimens  of  black 
lead  have  been  difcovered,  and  it  is 
thought  there  is  a  confiderable  body  of 
it,  which  may  be,  hereafter,  an  object 
of  confequence.  It  is  4  miles  N  by  W  of 
Ipfwich,  and  34  N  by  E  of  Bolton,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1639. 

^oxas^ 


:^  O  Y 


RUN 


Rexat.Halte  J.-,  the  heights  in  the  dlf- 
tri<ft  of  Bayaguana,  in  the  middle  of  the 
E  part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  are 
fo  called.  Here  Valverde  law,  after  hav- 
ing long  fought  for  it  in  vain,  a  httle 
quadruped,  which  in  form  and  fize  refem- 
bled  a  fucking  pig  of  a  fortnight  old,  ex- 
cept that  its  fnout  was  a  httle  longer.  It 
had  but  very  little  hair,  which  was  as  fine 
as  tliat  of  the  dogs  called  Chinrfd.  The 
town  of  Bayaguana  is  about  4  leagues  S 
E  hy  E  of  Baya. 

Roxborough,  £t  townfliip  of  J^ennfylvania, 
Philadelphia  co. 

Rixhury.^  a  pleafailt  tov^n  in  Norfolk  cb. 
Maflachufctts,  one  n-.tle  S  W  of  Bofton. 
The  townfliip  is  now  divided  into  3  par- 
illie-',  and  was  fettled  in  i6,';o.  In  the  3 
parrilies  are  4765  inhabitant'^.  The 
lirft  parifh  in  this  town  has  lately  been  j 
connedleu  wlthBofton  harbour  by  a  canal.  | 
The  Rev.  John  Eliot,  the  Apoftle  of  the 
Indian.^,  was  the  liril  minifler  who  fettled 
h'^re.  He  tran Hated  the  Bible,  and  other 
pious  books,  into  the  Indian  language  ;  : 
aad  founded  many  rehgous  focieties 
among  the  Indians.  Thofe  al  Marfipecy 
few  in  number,  remain  to  this  day.  He 
died  in  1670,  after  being  paftor  60  years. 
Roxhury^  a  townfliip  in  the  \V  part  of 
Orange  co.  Vermont,  having  113  inhabit- 
ants. 

Roxhury,  a  townfliip  of  Morris  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  Mufconecunk  river,  25  miles 
from  its  confluence  with  the  Delaware, 
and  45  miles  N  of  Trenton.  Near  it  is  a 
mineral  fpring. 

Roxbnry,  a  town  in  Litchfield  co.  Coxi- 
neifticut,  containing  11 21  inhabitants. 

Roxo^  a  cape  near  the  S  W  part  of  Por- 
to Rico  Ifland,  and  S  of  Cape  Rincon.  N 
lat..  18  II,  W  Ion.  67  S3' 

Royal  Bay,  at  the  N  part  of  the  ifland 
of  Antigua. 

Royal  Ip,  in  the  S  W  part  of  lake  Su- 
perior, lies  to  the  N  of  Ifle  Philippeaux,  N 
E  of  W.  bay,  and  S  of  the  Grand  Portage. 
It  is  about  J  CO  miles  long  and  40  broad 

Smyth. 
Royal  TJlcy  2l  fmall  fertile  ifland  in  the 
river  St.  Lawrence;  60  miles  below  Lake 
Ontario.      The    French   fort   on  it  was 
taken  by  Gen.  Amherfl,  in  1760. 

Royal's  R.  in  Cumberland  cc.  Maine, 
empties  into  Cafco  Bay,  in  the  townfliip 
of  N.  Yarmouth. 

Royalton,  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  N  W  of  Hartford,  on  White  R.. 
and  contains  1501  inhabitants. 

Royaljtim,  a  townfliip  of  Maifachufetts, 
Vox.  I.  Xxx 


Worcefter  co.  40  miles  N  W  by  N  of 
Worcefter,  and  70  N  W  of  Bcfton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1665,  and  contains  1243 
inhabitants.  Miller's  R.  runs  through 
this  town  from  the  B. 

Riiatan,  or  Rattan,  an  ifland  in  the  Bay 
of  Honduras,  8  leagues  frotn  the  Mofqui- 
to  fliore,  and  about  200  W  by  S  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamdca.  It  is  30  miles  long  and 
1 3  broad,  naturally  fortified  with  rocks 
and  flioals,  except  the  entrance  into  the 
harboui-,  which  is  fo  narrow  that  only 
one  fliip  can  pafs  it  at  a  time  ;  the 
harbour  is  one  of  the  nnell  in  the 
world,  and  can  aft'ord  firfe  anchorage  for 
joo  fall  of  fliips.  It  was  totally  imiuhab- 
ired  until  1742,  when  the  Brltifli,  under 
the  command  of  Major  Crawford,  began 
a  fcttlement,  in  order  to  protec'l:  the  log- 
wood cutters,  and  fecure  a  trade  with  the 
Spaniards  of  Guatimala,  for  cochineal 
indigo,  &c.  but  it  v/as  iboit  abandoned. 
N  lat.  176,  W  km.  88  12. 

R't-re'cy's  Mills,  in  S.  Carolina,  are  aboult 
12  miles  N  of  Camden,  near  the  weftern-  " 
mod  branch  of  Lynche's  Creek.  Here 
Gen.  Greene  retreated,  in  May,  1781,  to 
wait  for  reinforcements,  after  his  repulfe 
at  Camden,  and  to  prevent  fupplies 
reaching  it. 

Ru'iffzau,  Gfand,  a  fettlement  on  the  E 
fide  of  the  river  Miflifippi,  and  in  the  In- 
diana Territory,  which,  with  the  villages 
of  St.  Philip  and  Braire  du  Rochefs,  con^^ 
tained,  in  1792,  240  inhabitants. 

Rumford.  See  Concord,  N.  Hampfliire. 
Rumford,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co, 
Maine,  on  the  N  bank  of  G.  Androfcog- 
gin  R.  about  80  miles  N  W  of  Portland. 
The  townfliip  is  about  8  miles  fquare,  7 
of  which  lie  N  of  Androfcoggin  R.  which 
meanders  through  it  about  12  miles. 
About  a  mile  from  its  E  line  there  is  a 
large  fall.  EUis'  river  runs  through  it  oa 
the   weft  fide. 

Rumi  Ramb:i,  a  plain  near  Quito  in  P«i- 
ru,  full  of  large  fragments  of  rocks,  throwa 
thither  from  a  volcano,  formerly  in  the 
famous  mountain  of  Pichincha. 

Rum  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  Iflands. 
N  lat.  23  52,  W  Ion.  74  17. 

Rumney,  OX  Romney,  a  tOWnfliip  of  N. 
Hampflijre,  Grafton  co.  on  a  N  branch  qf 
Baker's  R.  about  7  or  8  miles  N  W  of 
Plymouth  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Pemige- 
waiTet.  It  was  incorporated  in  1767,  and 
contains  624  inhabitants. 

Runanvay  Bay,  on  the  N  W  coafl  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua,  between  the  fort  on 
Corbizon'9  Poiut  N,  and  Fort  Hamilton 

to 


RUT 


RYE 


to  tHe  South.     Off  it  lie  rocks  andfiioals. 

Runaiuay  Bay^  on  the  N  coalt  of  the 
ifland  of  Jamaica,  W  of  Great  Laughlands 
r.vv€r  and  Mumby  Bay,  and  9  or  lo  miles 
E  of  Rio  Bueno. 

Rupert,  the  N  wefternmoll  townfliip  of 
Bennington  co.  Vermont.  It  contains 
1648   inhabitants. 

Rupert's  Bay,  at  the  N  W  end  of  the 
ifland  of  Dominica,  in  the  W.  Indies, 
affords  good'flielter  from  the  winds,  and 
is  deep,  capacious  and  fandy.  It  is  the 
principal  bay  of  the  ifland,  and  on  it  is 
erected  the  town  of  Portfmouth. 

Rupert's  Fort,  at  the  bottom  of  Hudfon's 
Bay,  in  N.  America,  is  fituated  on  a  river 
of  the  fame  name,  on  theE  fide  of  James's 
Bay;  between  SladeR.  N,  andNodway 
R.  S.     N  lat.  51  50,  Wlon.805. 

Rifpfrt's  IJljnd,  tlie  mod  weflerly  of  the' 
4  idand.s  hi  the  ftraits  of  Magellan,  which 
form  the  S  fide  of  Royal  Reach. 

Rujkohegran,  the  Indian  name  of  ParkerV 
Ifland  in  Kennebeck  river. 

Ruffelvilh,  a  town  in  Logan  CO.  in  the 
fouthern  part  of  Kentucky,  in  a  populous 
part  of  the  flate,  about  40  miles  from 
Nafliville,has  6?  inhabitants. 

Rujdl  Toivnfiip,  in'-the  county  of  I .eeds, 
U.  Canada,  lies  to  the  northward  of 
Kitley. 

Riijlom  River,  U.  Canada,  runs  into  lake 
St.  Clair,  between  Point  aux  Rockes  and 
Belle  river  :  a  loaded  boat  m^iy  go  6  miles 
up  this  river  ;  the  land  is  exceedingly 
good  on  its  banks  ;  there  is  a  fettlement 
of  Indians  a  few  miles  up  it.  Smyth. 

Bfilffll,  a    CO.  of  Virginia,   bounded  N 
by  Greenbriar,  and  S  by  Lee  co.     It  con- 
tains 4456     inhabitants,    including    2)5'^' 
Haves. 

RvjTdl,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfliire  ca. 
Mafl'achufetts,  15  miles  W  of  Springfield, 
and  ic8  W  by  S  of  Bofl:on.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  179Z,  and  contains  431 
inhabitants. 

Rutherford,  z  CO.  of  Morgan  di  fir i 61:,  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  N  by  Burke  and  S  by 
the  ftate  of  S.  Carolina.  It  contains 
10,696  inhabitants,  inchiding  1047  flaves. 

Rutherford  Toivn,  capital  of  the  abo\  e 
CO.  has  a  court  houfe,  gaoly  and  a  few 
dwelling  houfes. 

RnthJboroHgh,?i  village  in  Queen  Anne's 
CO  Maryland,  on  I'uckahoc  Creek,  6 
miles  S  E  of  Centerville,  and  7|  N  W  of 
Greenfborough. 

Rutland,  a  CO.  of  Vermont,  bounded  N 
by  Addifyn  CQ.  E  by  Windfvr,  %  by  Ben- 


nington, W  by  N.  York.  Otter  Cre.sic:- 
and  other  flreams,  water  this  county.  It' 
has  alfo  numerous  lakes  or  ponds,  well' 
ftored  with  fifli ;  the  chief  of  thefe,  are 
Lakes  Bombazon,  and  St.  Auftin  ;  the 
formed  in  Hubberton  and  Gaftleton,  and 
the  latter  in  Wells.  It  contains  25  tovvu- 
fliips,"  and  23,813  inhabitants.  Here  are 
14  forges,  3  furnaces,  aftd  a  flitting  mill. 

Rutland,  a  pofl:  town  of  Vermont,  and 
i  capital  of  the   above  co.  on    Otter  Creek, 
j  SS  miles  from  its  m.outh  in  Lake    Cham" 
[  plain  ;  57  miles  N  of  Bennington,  45  W 
I  by  N   of   Windfor.      It   contains  a   con- 
gregational church,  a  court  houfe,    and 
2125  inhabhants.     N  lat.  43    34  30,  W 
Ion*  72  5a  30.     The  mean  heat  here,  ac- 
cording to  Dr.    Williams,   is  43  6 
Leafl:  heat              ar 
Greatefl:  heat         92 
Pipe  clay  is  found  here,  which  has  been 
wrought  into  crucibles  that   prove  very 
durable. 

Rutland,  a  townfliip  of  Mafl'achufetts, 
Worcefter  co.  14  miles  N  V/  of  Worcefler; 
and  56  W  of  Bofton.  The  to\Ani  was  in- 
corporated'iat  1722,  and  contains  isoa 
inhabitants.  It  is  on  the  height  of  land 
between  Connecticut  river  and  Merri- 
mack; Front  a  barn  in  this  town,  the 
water  which  drops -from  the  eaftern  fid^ 
of  the  roof,  runs  to  the  Merrimack,  and 
tliat  which  fails  from  the  weftern  fide 
runs  to  the  ConnecSticut.  In  this  town 
are  two  conflderable  ponds.  Several" 
ftreams  proceed  theace  in  diflierent  di- 
recflions  ;  fomefufhciently  large  for  milk, 
'Ilie  profpe(5ts  from  the  centre  of  tht 
towU  are  extenfive  and  delightful. 

Rutlcdge,  the  fliire  town  of  Grainger  co. 
Teneflee,  in^  Richland  valley.  It  con'- 
tains  8  or  10  dwelling  houfes,  and  is  si 
handfome  flourifliing  village. 

Rye,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire,  on 
the  fea  coaft  of  Rockingham  co.  oppoflte 
the  Ifle  of  Shoals,  and  8  miles  S  of  Portf- 
mouth. It  was  incorporated  in  17 19, 
and  contains  890  inhabitants.  The  coail 
affords  excellent  filt  hay. 

Rye,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  W.  Chefi:er 
CO.  on  L.  Ifland  Sound  ;  36  miles  N  E  of 
N.York  city.  It  contains  11 74  inhab- 
itants. 

Rve,  a  townfliip  in  Cumberland  co. 
Pennfylvania,      It  has  1030  inhabitants. 

i?)',?f</^i:',  the  S  eaflernmoft  townfliip  of 
Caledonia  co.  Vermont,  and  feparated 
from  Bath  in  N.  Hampfhire,  by  Connedl- 
icut  R.     It  contahii  406  inhabitants. 

SABA, 


SAC 


SAC 


S. 


s 


^ABAj  one  of  the  Caribl)ee  Iilands,  in 
the  W.  I.  belonging  to  the  Dutch,  about 
12  miles  In  circumference.  It  is  13  miles 
N  W  of  St.  Euftatia,  and  30  S  W  of  St. 
Bartholomew.  Nlat.  17  39,  W  Ion.  63  17- 

Saha,LitiL',  one  of  tlie  Imaller  Virgin 
Iflands,  S  of  St.  Thomas,  belonging  to 
the  Danes. 

Sable,  Cape,,  the  S  W  point  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Nova  Scotia.  N  lat.  43  24j  W 
Ion.  65  39.  Variation  of  the  needle,  in 
1787,12  15  W. 

Sable,  Cape,  the  S  W  point  of  the  peR- 
infula  of  Florida ;  33  leagues  E  N  £,  ^ 
£  of  the  S  W  point  of  the  Dry  Tortuga 
Shoals.     Nlat.  24  57,  W  Ion,  81  52. 

Sable,  Great  and  Little,  two,  rivers  emp- 
tying into  I^ake  Champldiin  from  the  W 
Tide.  Great  Sable  R.  is  not  far  from  the 
Saranac,  and  is  fcarcely  60  yards  wide. 
On  this  flxeam  are  remarkable  falls.  Th^ 
whole  defcent  of  the  water  is  about  200 
feet,  in  feveral  pitches,  the  greatefl  of 
which  is  40  feet  perpendicular.  At  tlje 
foot  of  it  the  water  is  unfathomable.  A 
large  pine  has  been  feen,  in  a  frefli£t,  to 
pitch  over  endwife,  and  remain  feveral 
minutes  under  water.  The  ftream  is 
confined  by  high  rocks  on  eltlier  fide,  a 
fpace  of  40  feet ;  and  the  banks  at  the 
falls  are  at  lead  as  many  feet  high.  In  a 
frefliet,  the  flood  wood  frequently  lodges, 
£.nd  in  a  few  minutes  the  water  riles  to 
full  banks,  and  then  burfts  away  its  ob- 
ftrucSlIons,  with  a  moft  tremendous 
crafliing. 

Sable,  an  iiland  S  E  of  Cape  Breton  35 
leagues.  It  is  narrow,  dreary,  and  barren. 
N  lat.  44  15,  W  Ion.  60. 

Sable  Point,  on  the  W  fide  of  Newfoimd- 
land.     N  lat.  jo  24,  W  Ion.  57  '^^. 

Sables,  Riviere  aux,  runs  into  the  S  of 
4ake  Huron,  S.  of  the  highlands,  and  E  to 
•where  tJie  waters.of  that  lake  defcend  in- 
to river  St.  Clair. 

Sacatacolula,  or  Lacatecnlula,  on  the  W 
coaft  of  Mexico,  12  mik s  from  Limpa  R. 
There  is  a  burning  mountain  near  the 
town  of  the  fame  name. 

Sac,  Grands  Rimere  dit  Cnl  de,  a  river  of 
the  iiland  of  St.  Domingo,  which  rii'es  In 
Montagne  de  la  Selle,  by  two  branches  ; 
takes  a  fcmicircular  courfe  of  12  leagues, 
and  runs  W  into  the  fea,  about  two 
leagues  N  of  Port  an  Prince. 

Sackville,  a  townlhip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
^Cumberland  co.  on  Chegneclo  Bafon, 
called   by  the   French  Beau  Balin,  and 


Tintamare,  and  the  N   fide  of  the  tiver 
au  I.ac. 

Sao  Falls,  fituated  on  Saco  river,  arc 
5  miles  from  the  lea.  The  river  is  here 
divided  by  Indian  iHand,  confiding  of 
about  30  acres  of  land,  and  on  each  fide 
of  it  tuml3les  over  a  precipice  of  rocks, 
and  mixes  with  the  tide.  The  profpect 
from  the  E  fide  of  the  ifland  is  very  fub- 
lime  and  majcftic.  From  the  beginning 
of  the  falls,  to  the  tide  below,  the  differ- 
ence of  height  is  above  40  feet.  There, 
are  many  corn  and  faw  mills  ;  on  the 
falls,  and  below  the  ifl;ind  is  a  fine  bafon, 
where  vcffels  take  in  their  cargoes.  Sai- 
nton Falls  are  10  miles  above  this. 

Scico;River,  is  one  of  the  three  larged 
rivers  in  this  diftrha.  The  principal, 
part  of  its  waters  f^U  from  the  White 
Mountains.  Its  courfe,  i'omedi (lance  from 
its  fource,  is  S  ;  it  then  fuddenly  bende 
E,  and  crofics  Into  Maine,  and  \hsi^ 
makes  a  large  bend  N  E  and  S  W,  em- 
bracing the  fine  townOiip  of  Frychnrg. 
lis  general  courfe  theacc  to  the.  Sea  is  S 
E.  Great  and  .Little  Olfapce  rivers  fal! 
into  it  from  the  W,  I'his  river  is  nari- 
gable  for  flnps  \o  Saeo  Falls,  about  6. 
miles  from  the  fea.  Here  the  river  is 
broken  by  Indian  Ifiand.o  vcr  which  is  the, 
poft  road.  A  bridge  is  thrown  over  each 
ef  the  branches.  A  number  of  milliare, 
erected  here,  to  which  logs  are  floated 
from  40  to  fo  miles  above  ;  and  Vv'^llels 
can  come  rjtiite  to  the  mills  to  take  in  the 
lumber.  Four  million  fee:  of  pine  boards 
v/cre  annually  lawed  at  thefe  mills  before 
the  want-.  Tne  mouth  of  this  river  lies  4 
miles  E  of  Cape  Porpoife.  There  is  a 
bar  which  wvli  not  allow  a  vedel  of  above 
10^  tons  burden  to  pals,  if  fully  loadtrd.. 
Without  the  bar,  and  between  Fletcher's 
Neck  and  the  main  land,  is  a  pool,  where- 
in vclTels  of  any  lize  may  lie  at  all  fcafons 
of  the  year,  and  rake  in  their  hidings  at 
pleafyre.  On  the  W  fide  of  the  river  % 
fmall  neck  of  land  divides  it  from  the 
pool,  wliich  might  be  eifily  cut,  and  fo. 
fave  the  hazard  of  paiTing  the  bar.  On 
the  branches  of  this  river,  as  well  as  on 
the  main  ftream,  are  a  great  many  mills 
and  valuable  works  :  30  miles  from  the 
fea,  a  fmail  ftream  ilTuing  from  Little  Offa- 
pee  pond,  joins  it.;  and  20  miks  further 
up  Great  OlTapec  river,  from  another 
pond,  fwells  the  Saco,  and  impels  its 
courfe.  Proceeding  up  tlie  Saco,  its 
fource  is  found  on  the  S  fide  of  the  White 
Mountains,  in  N.  Hampfliire.  From  thefe 
mouutaiiia  the  waters  run  into  Conuecll- 

cut, 


*AG 


SA! 


cut,  Saco,  and  Androfcoggia  rivers.  6aco 
river  n^.eandcrs  througii  the  ancient  Fn- 
dian  village  of  Peckwalket,  60  miles  from 
the  fea.  In  1775,  a  new  river  burft  into 
the  Saco,  from  the  White  Mountains,  and 
ftill  continues  to  aid  Saco  and  a  branch 
of  it,  called  Ellis's  river.  A  mixture  of 
iron  ore,  gave  the  waters  a  red  colour 
for  .1  few  days,  and  the  people  on  the  up- 
per banks  had  a  report,  that  the  river 
\yas  bloody,  which  they  conlidcred  as  an 
ill  omen  to  the  public  concerns. 

&acrav!£nt^  St.  the  S  weflemmofl  Portu- 
guefe  fettlcmcnt  in  Brazil,  being  oppofite 
to  Buenos  Ayres.  It  rs  alio  called  Sacra- 
ments Colonic,  and  was  taken  by  the  Span- 
iards in  176^,  after  a  month's  liege  ;  but 
by   the  treaty   of   peace   it  was  rcftored. 

Su'C!  ijics  If.diid,  on  the  W  coafl:  ot  N. 
Mexico,  is  about  3  miles  W  of  Watering 
IHand,  and  \%  miles  from  Coiula  river. 

S(}ddle.  Bach^  an  Ifland  in  Hudfon's  Bay. 
N  lat.  67  7,  W  Ion.  68  13.  It  lies  nearly 
due  W  of  Terra  Nieva. 

Saddle  River ^  a  village  in  Eergen  co.  N. 
Jerfey. 

Sadjlury,  a  townfiiip  jp  Cheftcr  co. 
Peunfylvania,  has  94c  inhabitants. 

Sa^adoK>oce,  a  great  part  ot  the  Diftri(?l 
of  Maine  was  formerly  ip  caHcd.  In  the 
grant  by  king  Charles  II.  to  his  brother 
the  Duke  of  York,  this  ten  jtory  was  for- 
merly defcribcd  in  the  following  manner. 
*'  All  that  part  of  the  main  land  of  N. 
3E.ngland,  beginning  at  a  certain  place 
called  St.  Crois,  adjoining  to  New  Scot- 
land in  America,  and  from  thence  ex- 
tending along  the  fea  coafl  to  a  certain 
place  called  Pimaquin,  or  Peniaquid,  raid 
fo  up  the  river  thereof  to  its  turtheft  head 
as  it  extends  to  the  northward,  and  ex- 
tending from  thence  to  the  river  Quene- 
bec,  and  fo  up  by  the  fliorted  couric  to 
the  river  of  Canada  northward."  This 
tradl  was  called  the  Duke  of  York's 
Property,  and  was  annexed  to  the  govern- 
ment of  N.  York  At  the  revolution,  in 
1688,  it  reverted  to  the  crown. 

Si'g,iff}oftd,  a  river  of  the  N.  W.  Territp- 
ry,  which  has  a  S  E  courle,  and  enters 
Illinois  river,  30  miles  below  De;ni  Qnian 
liver,  and  135  from  the  Mifiinppi.  it  is 
3CO  yards  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  is  navi- 
gable for  fmall  boats  or  canoes  upwards 
of  1 80  miles, 

Sagctuck  River, 2.  fmall  river  of  Connec- 
ticut, which  rifcs  in  Ridgcficld,  in  Fair- 
iicld  CO.  pafTes  through  Reading  and  Wef- 
ton,  and  running  fouthward,  feparate, 
Ti.rf.eld  frcm No.  walk,  ajd  empties  iaio 


a  harbour  qf  its  own  name  in  Long  Ifland 
Sound. 

Saganaitum^  Or  Sagnna  Bjv,  in  the  S  W 
part  of  Lake  Huron,  is  about  80  miles 
in  length,  and  i8  or  ao  miles  broad.  A- 
round  it  live  the  Chippeway  Indian?. 

Sagendngo,  a  head  branch  of  Hudfon's 
river.  Its  rnouth  Is  about  20  miics  Wof 
Fort  Anne. 

Sagg  Hdrbnur^z  port  town  and  port  of 
e-ntry  in  N.  York,  Suiro'k  co.  at  the  E 
en<l  of  Long  Illand.  It  has  an  excellent 
harbour,  and  is  finely  fuuatcd  for  trade 
and  navigation.  Before  thcrevoiutionary 
war  the  town  vyas  thinly  inhabited.  Thofe 
who  remaintd  here  during  the  war,  fuf- 
fered  greatly  by  the  rav^.^cs  of  the  enemy. 
But  lince  the  peace  of  1783,  the  popula- 
tion  ^nd.bufinefscf  the  place  iiave  great- 
ly increafed.  It  contained  in  1797,  near- 
ly 100  dwelling houfes, and  150  families; 
and  a  houle  of  worfliip  fur  Congrcga- 
tionalifts  or  Prefbytcrians.  I'he  whale 
filliery  from  this  harbour  produced  1000 
barrels  of  oil  annually.  Its  exports  in 
1794  amounted  to  the  value  of  6763  dol-. 
lars.  It  is  ii  miles  N  W  of  Southamp-; 
ton,  and  107  E  of  N.  York. 

Saginaga  Lake,  in  U.Canada,  is  24  miles 
long  from  E  to  W,  and  lefs  than  3  milea 
wide. 

SaguanayTL  bay  in  the  N  E  corner  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  ou  the  coaft  of  Florida, 
haviug  numerous  iflcs  on  both  fides. 

Sagucnai,  or  Sagucny^  a  large  river  of 
Canada  which  rifcs  from  Lake  St.  John, 
and  after  puri'uing  an  eaflerly  courfe 
above  100  miles,  empties  through  the  W 
bank  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
town  and  harbour  of  TadoHac.  It  is 
about  4  of  a  \nile  wide  at  its  mouth,  antj 
is  from  8p  to  90  fathoms  deep,  but  higher 
up  it  is  wider  ;  and  the  narrowncfs  of 
the  channel  greatly  increafes  its  rapidity, 
though  it  is  navigable  for  thelargefl;  vef*- 
fels  %s  leagues  from  its  mouth.  The  har- 
bour, called  Port  Tadoufine,  affords  con- 
vcjiient  anchorage  for  25  fail  of  fliips  of 
war,  and  is  well  fecured  from  all  winds 
and  {forms.  It  is  deep,  of  a  circular  form, 
and  furrounded  at  a  diftance  with  very 
high  rocks,  except  at  the  entrance.  A 
fmall  ftream  empties  into  it,  fufiicient  to 
water  a  fleet.  'I'he  country  in  the  vicin- 
ity abounds  with  marble. 

Saguanay  Rii'er,  Little^  a  river  of  Labra- 
dor, which  runs  fputhward,  and  empties 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  a  iliort  way  E  of 
tiie  Seven  llles,  and  W  of  Bafcn  nvcr.  N 
la:.  .:c  18,  \V  Ion,  65. 


SAL 


SAL 


Fi!UIng  Ccve,  on  the  S  fide  of  tlielHand 
oF  Ntwfounuhind,  in  tlie  great  bay  where- 
in is  fituatcd  the  bay  of  IVepalB.  It  is  6 
miles  Nof  Cape  Pine. 

SuHRmL     See  Awhvofc,  St.. 

St.  Ann,  Cups,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  riv- 
er St.  Lawrence,  near  its  mouth,  and  on 
the  Ncoaft  of  the  diftrift  of  Gafpee,  in 
L.  Canada.     N  (at.  48  29,  W  Ion.  63  43. 

St:  Ann/s,  a  ftttlement  on  the  E  coaft 
of  Cape  Breton  I.  which  has  a  harbour. 

St.  Anne's  Jftands,  3  iflands  htuated  in 
the  bay  of  St.  Louis  de  Maraguan,on  the 
coafl  of  Brazil,  S.  America. 

St.  Carlos,  iHes  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of 
America.  The  largefl:  of  this  group  is 
about  a  leagues  in  circumference.  Small- 
er irtes  lie  between  this  and  the  main. 
Lat.  54  48  N,  Ion.  136  13  W. 

St.  Clement,  a  volcano  of  S.  America. 
Lat.  46  S. 

St.  George,  a  town  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine, 
taken  from  the  W  part  of  Cufliing,  in- 
corporated 1803,  on  the  Eof  Sc.  Gcorgp's 
river. 

Sah;fT.  %  ifiands  near  Guadalonpe. 

Sal.  R'lo  Lagra  de,  Or  River  of  the  Salt 
Lake,  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil. 

Salt  Bay,  or  Baia  Saluda,  30  miles  N  of 
Cape  Tontoral  on  the  coaft  of  Chili.  It 
has  a  good  fliip  road  which  is  much  re- 
forted  to  by  coafting  vefTcls,  for  fait  as 
well  as  otlier  produce.  Frefli  water  may 
be  had  near  the  road. 

Salada,  an  ifland  in  thp  W.  Indies,  whofe 
N  E  point  is  in  lat.  10  59  N,  ion.  64 
12  W. 

Salada,  or  Salt  River,  on  the  COaft  cf 
Peru,  is  within  the  harbour  of  Pinas. 

Salagiia  Port,  on  the  W  coaft  of  N.  Mer- 
ico,  is  near  the  rough  head  land  called 
i'an  Tiago,  and  8  leagues  from  the  Vailcy 
of  Colima.  Here  are  %  good  harbours, 
called  Las  Calletas,  or  the  Creeks,  where 
many  fliips  may  ride.  That  to  the  N  W 
is  very  fafc,  and  land  locked  againft  all 
Tvinds,  though  fmaller  than  the  other. 
Between  Salugua  and  the  White  Rock 
(which  joins  the  head  land)  is  the  port 
of  St. Tioga.' 

Salamanca  de  Bacalar,  a  fmall  but  flour- 
ifliing  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  ifthrnus  which  joins  the  peninfula  of 
Yucatan  to  the  continent.  It  contains 
sibout  129  houfes,  with  a  bad  fort  and  a 
fmall  garrifou  to  prevent  contraband 
trade.     N  lat.  17  2,  W  icn.  90  30. 

Sulamanie  Riviere,  a  river  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  which  empties  into  the  Wa- 
bafli  from  the  N  N  E,  14  miles  below  the 
jriver  Ecor  a  Amelicos,  and  aOj  miks 


above  Poft  St.  Vincent.  It  rlfes  by  twp 
branches,  which  unite  about  ^s  «^iie* 
from  its  moutli,  which  lies  in  lat.  41  3  30 
N,  and  Ion.  86  25  W. 

Sdlan,  a  Moravian  fcttlement  in  the 
State  of  Oliio,  on  Mufkingum  river.  It 
was  forfaken  in  1782,  and  plundered  by 
the  hidians,  who  were  allies  of  the  Briw 
iili  army. 

Salem,  a  Moravian  fettlemcnt  on  the  J^ 
E  branch  of  Monong.-ihcla  river  ;  5  miles 
from  Gnadenhutten,  ontlie  oppofite  fide 
of  the  river,  and  78  miles  W  from  Pittf- 
burg.  Congrefs  granted  4C00  acres  of 
land  to  the  United  Brethren,  or  Moravi- 
ans, Sept.  3,  1788,  for  the  purpofc  of 
propagating  the  Cliriftian  religion  among 
the  heathen. 

Sulftn,  Neiv,  a  Moravian  fcttlement  of 
Chriftian  Indians,  on  Huron  river,  and 
near  Pettquotting,  on  the  S  fide  of  Lake 
Erie.  The  plantations  are  on  the  W 
bank  of  the  river,  and  the  dwelling  houfts 
pn  the  E  ftde,  which  is  high  land.  In 
June,  1786,  their  new  chapel  was  cpnfct 
crated. 

Salem,  z  county  of  N.  Jerfey,  bounded 
E  by  Cumberland,  W  by  Delaware  river. 
It  is  divided  into  9  townfliips  ;  thofe  on 
Delaware  river  are  generally  excellent  for 
p-ifture,  and  have  large  dairies.  The 
land  affords,  befide,  fine  banked  mead- 
ows, v.'hich  produce  flax,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  other  grain  ;  but  the  people 
are  fubjedl:  to  intermittent  fevers.  Here 
the  Friends  have  4  meeting  houfes,  the 
Frefbyterians  4,  the  Epifcopalians  2,  tlie 
Anabaptifts  3,  and  the  Gern^an  Luther- 
ans one.  It  contains  11,571  inhabitants, 
of  whom  85  are  in  flavery.  AUoway 
Crock,  in  this  county,  which  runs  into 
the  Delaware,  is  navigable  16  miles  for 
flialiop?,  with  feveral  obftrudllons  of 
draw  bridges. 

SaL-m,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jerfey,  and 
capital  of  Salem  co.  on  a  branch  of  Salem 
Creek,  about  3^  miles  from  its  conflu- 
ence with  Delaware  bay.  It  contains  a 
meeting  houfe  for  Baptifts,  one  for  Qua- 
kers, and  one  for  Methodifts  ;  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about  ico  houfes,  moft 
of  them  built  with  brick,  and  many  of 
them  elegant.  There  is  a  wooden  bridge 
over  the  creek,  and  fo  far  velfcls  of  40 
or  50  tons  burden  can  go  up.  It  is  20 
miles  N  Wof  Bridgetown,  11  S  by  W  of 
Woodftown,  and  37  S  W  by  S  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Salem,  z  townfhip  of  Vermont,  Orleans 
CO.  at  the  S  end  of  Lake  Mcmphreraa- 


•S  A  L 


S  A  t 


Salem,  Niiv,  a  townfliip  inRockingham 
:t?o.  N.  Hampfliire,  in  the  S  \V  corner  of 
the  county,  adjoining  Plaftow,  and  divicl- 
•cd  from  Methuen  by  the  Mallachufetts 
line.  It  was  incorporored  in  1750,  and 
contains  IC77  inliAbitants. 

Salem,  ji  port  of  entry  and  pofl:  town  of 
"MaiTachufctts,  and  tlie  capital  of  ElTex 
■CO.  4  miles  N  W  of  Marblehead,  and  19 
N  by  E  of  Bofton.  It  is  the  fecoiiJ  town 
for  (ize  in  the  Commonwealth,  contain- 
ing 980  houfes,  and  9457  inhabitants, 
tind,,e:xcpt  Plymci:th,,thc  oldeft,  was  fet- 
tled in  1618,  by  Governor  Endicot,  and 
was  called  by  tlie  .Indians,  NuujKkscg. 
Ilere  are  a  fociety  of  Quakers,  an  Epifco- 
pal  church,  and  5  Congregational  locic- 
•tics.  The  town  is  fituated  on  a  peninlu- 
lii,  formed  by  two  Imall  inlets  oi  the  fea, 
called  North  and  South  rivers.  The  for- 
mer of  thefepafTes  into  Beverly  harbour, 
and  has  a  draw  bridge  acrofs  it,  built  ma- 
rly years  ago  at  private  expenfe.  At  this 
place  fomc  part  of  the  fliipping  of  the 
town  is  iittcdout,;  but  the  principal  hat- 
l>our  and  place  for  bufinefs  is  on  tlie 
other  fide  ot  the  town,  at  South  river,  if 
that  may  properly  be  called  a  river  which 
^depends  on  the  flowing  of  the  fca  for  the 
water  it  contains.  So  llioal  is  this  har- 
bour, that  velfels  which  draw  more  than 
^o  or  12  feet  of  water,  muft  be  laden  and 
unladen  atadiftaqcc  from  the  wharves 
by  the  affiftance  of  lighters  Notwithr 
fianding  this  inconvenience,  more  navi- 
gation is  owned,  and  more  trade  carried 
An  in  Salem,  than  in  any  port  in  the 
Commonwealth,  Bofton  excepted.  The 
inhabitants  are  richer  than  in  any  town 
in  the  U.  S.  The  fifliery,  the  trade  to 
the  W.  Indicg,  to  Europe,  to  the  ccart  of 
Africa,  to  the  E.  Indies,  and  the  freighting 
bufinef!^  from  the  fouthern  States,  are  here 
all  purfucd  with  energy  and  fpirit.  A 
bank  was  eftablillied  and  incorporated 
here  in  1792,  and  another  in  1S03. 
The  enterprife  of  the  merchants  of  this 
place  is  equalled  by  nothing  but  their 
indefatigable  induftry  and  economy. 
Tliis  latter  virtue  forms  adiftinguilbing 
feature  in  the  charatSler  of  the  people 
of  this  town.  Some  pcrfons  .of  rank, 
in  former  times,  having  carried  it  to  an 
unbecoming  length,  gave  a  charadler  to 
the  people  in  general,  of  a  difgraceful 
parfimony.  But  whether  this  reproach 
wis  ever  juftly  applied  in  fo  extenhve  a 
meafure  or  not,  nothing  can  be  more  in- 
jurious than  to  continue  it  at  the  prefent 
time  ;  fof  it  may  juflly  be  faid  of  the  in- 


habitants of  Salem  at  this  day,  that,  Witk 
a  laudable  attention  to  the  acquifition  of 
property,  they  exhibit  a  public  fpirit  and 
hofpitality,  alike  honourable  to  them- 
felves  and  their  country.  A  general 
plainnefs  and  neatnefs  in  drefs,  building«t 
and  equipr!ge,and  a  certain  liliilntis  and 
gravity  of  manner,  perhaps  in  fome  de- 
gree peculiar  to  conmiercial  people,  dif- 
tinguiili  them  from  the  citizens  of  the 
metropolis.  It  is  indeed  to  be  wiibcd 
that  the  fober  induftj^-  here  fo  univcrfal- 
ly  pracStifed,  may  betome  more  extenllvc 
through  the  Union,  and  form  the  na- 
tional characSter  of  Federal  Americans. 
A  court  houfe,  built  in  1786,  at  the  joint 
expenfe  of  the  county  and  town,  forma  a 
principal  ornament,  and  is  executed  in  a 
ftyle  of  architedlure  that  would  add  to 
tiie  elegance  of  any  city  in  the  Union. 
Thefupreme  judicial  court  holds  a  ternt 
here  the  fecond  Tuefday  of  Nov.  the 
courts  of  common  pleas  and  fefilons,  the 
fecond  Tuefday  of  March  and  Sept>, 
A  manufa6lory  of  duck  and  failclothwas 
lately  inflitutcd  here,  and  is  profecuttd 
.with  much  fpirit.  The  melancholy  delu- 
fion  of  1692,  refpccSling  witchcraft,  origi- 
nated in  this  town,  in  the  family  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Paris,  the  then  minifler,  and 
here  was  the  principal  theatre  of  the 
bloody  bufinefs.  At  the  upper  end  of  the 
toym,  at  a  place  called,  from  the  number 
of  executions  which  took  place  there, 
Galloivs  Hill,  the  graves  of  the  unhappy 
fufFcrers  may  yet  be  traced.  Though  thi$ 
unfortunate  and  difgraceful  bufinefs  was 
chiefly  tranfaded  here,  it  is  well  known 
that  the  leading;  people,  both  of  churcl;i 
andftate,  in  the  colony,  took  an  active 
part  in  it.  Unjufl  therefore  and  highly 
abfurd  it  is  to  fix  a  peculiar  odium  on 
the  town  of  Salem  for  what  was  the  gene- 
ral weaknefs  or  crime  of  the  country. 
The  town  of  Salem  is  connedtcd  with 
Beverly  by  Effex  bridge,  upwards  of  1500 
feet  in  length,  erecSted  in  1 789.  It  is  high 
water  here,  at  full  and  change,  30  minutes 
after  11  o'clock.  The  works  for  the  de- 
f«nce  of  the  harbour  cvnfift  of  a  fort  and 
citadel.     N  lat.  42  30,  W  Ion.  70  50. 

Salem,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Cheiler  co.  N. 
York,  bounded  E  and  S  by  the  fcate  of 
ConneiSticut,  and  W  by  Poundridge  and 
Bedford  townfliips  and  Croton  river.  It 
contains  1696  inhabitants. 

Salem,  the  co.  and  pofl  town  of  Wafli- 
ington  CO.  N.  York,  bounded  W  by Argyle. 
It  contains  2861  inhabitants. 

Sakm^  the  name  of  two  townfliips  of 
i'ennlylvania_j 


SAL 


g' A  L 


fennlylvanla,  the  one  fn  Luzerne  co.  the 
«rher  in  that  of  Weftmorcland. 

Salemy  a  poft  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
Stokes  CO.  on  the  W  fide  of  Wack  Creek, 
iVhich  with  other  itreams  forms  the  Gar- 
galis,  and  empties  into  Yadkin  river.  It 
contains  above  ico  houfes,  regularly  buih, 
and  chiefly  occupied  by  tradefmea,  A 
paper  miil  has  been  ere(£led  here  by  tlie 
Moravians  which  ia  very  ufcfuh  The 
Moravians  formedthis  ftttlement  in  1766. 
It  is  16  miles  S  E  of  Ararat  or  Pilot 
mountain,  3  5  N  Ebv  Nof  Salilbury,  and 
531  S  W  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 

^Sa!em,  the  chief  town  of  Surry  co.  in 
Saiifbury  diftridt,  N.  Carolina, 

.SaUrn,  a  co.  in  S.  Carolina,  in  Snmpter 
diftricl,  having  ai86  white  itihabitants, 
aud  1385  (laves. 

Salford,  Upper  and  Loivsr,  two  town- 
fbips  in- Montgomery  CO.  Pennfylvanla. 

Snlgadi};  a  river  on  the  S.  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil,  13  leagues  N  E  of  Rio  Lagoa  de  Sal, 
or  Salt  Lake  river.  It  is  navigable  only, 
for  fmall  boatSjvbut  the  harbour  is  very 
good,  lying  behind  the  fands. 

Saliiia^  a  village  at  the  S  E  end  of  Onon" 
dago  Lake,  in  N.  York,  in  the  co.  of  O- 
BondagOt  Here  on  lands  rcferved  by 
the  ftate,  are  Salt  fprings,  whofe  waters 
cover  feveral  acres  of  ground.  The  wa- 
fer is  faid  be  to  lotimes  fakerthan  that  of 
thelea.  The  fait  is  made  by  fimply  boiling 
the  water  till  the  freth  par  tides' arc  evapo- 
rated. The  country  for  a  great  diltance 
around,  is  fupplied  with  fait  from  this 
i'pring.  Its  local  fituation  is  unpleafant. 
See  Onondago  Lake.  Grew, 

■  Salinas,  on  the  W  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of 
!^oxico,  lies  N  of  Panuco  river,  and  near- 
ly under  the  tropic  of  Cancer.     W  Ion. 

99  30. 

Salinas,  Capp,  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  lies  oppoli^e  the  N  W  point  of  the 
illand  of  Trinidad,  which  forms  the  paf- 
fage  called  the  Gulf  of  Paria  ;  30  leagues 
S  or  S  by  W  from  Cape  Tres  Puntas,  or 
Three  Points. 

Salinas  Gulf,  on  the  \V  coafl  of  Mexico, 
N  W  of  rhe  idand  of  Cano,  which  is  in 
lat.  8  40  N. 

Salinas,  Great,  or  Salt  Bay,  on  the  COaft 
of  Brazil,  is  S  E  of  Cape  Cors.  The  en- 
trance into  the  harbour  is  in  lat.  3  40  S, 
and  N  E  from  its  mouth,  lie  Salinas  Shoals, 
or  Baxos  de  Salina.  It  is  a  noted  har- 
bour for  {liips  coming  to  load  fait. 

Salinas,  a  harbour  on  the  coallof  Peru, 
b^riween  Partridge  Strand,  and  Guaco, 
which  afford*  aoUiing  but  fU^lten 


5^//«^.f,  a' point  on  the  3  coafl  of  X&f^. 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  has  to  the  N  N  W 
the  celebrated  bay  of  Ocoa,  which  laft  is- 
18  leagues  W  S  W  of  the  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo. 

Salinas  Sljvals,  due  N  from  the  fliore  of 
the  N  coaft  of  Brazil  la  miles,  but  are 
joined  to  itl>y  a  reef  of  faiul'  la  miles  ia' 
length, and  about  half  a  mile  in  breadth  ;r 
and  on  which  no  large  fhip^  muft  venture. 
They  lie  off  the  harbour  of  Salinas  ;  and- 
ought  to  be  attended  to  by  fhips  that: 
come  out  to  the  N  E  from  that   harbour. 

Saline,  a  hamlet,  commonly  called  T/je 
Saline,  in  Louiliana,  iituated  on  the  W 
bank  of  the  river  Miilifippi,  atthe  mouths 
of  a  creek,  4  miles  below  St,  Genevieve, 
litre  all  the  fait  is  made  which  is  ufed  in- 
the  Illinois  country,  from  a  fait  fpring 
which  is  attiiis  place.  It  is  near  9  miles* 
S  W  by  S  from  Kaikaikias  village. 

Salines;  a  bay  near  the  S  E  point  of  tlie; 
ifiand  of  Marti'uico,  and  weftward  of  thc= 
point  io  called, 

SaUjhury,2.  fi.^rtile  diftria  of  N.  Caroh- 
na-,  which  comprehends  the  counties  of 
Rockingham,  Guilford,  Mozitgomery, 
Stokes,  Surry,  Iredell,  Rowan,  Cabarras, 
and  Mecklenburg.  It  is  bounded  N  by 
the  ftate  oi  Virginia,  and  S  by  the  ftate 
of  S,  Carolina.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  fev- 
eral pares,  and  works  have  been  erev5led> 
which  manufadf  ure  pig,  bar  iron,  &c.  to 
coniiderable  amount  ;  tobacco  of  good 
quality  is  cultivated  here,  and  the  planters' 
arc  wealthy.  It  contains  90,376  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom, 13,389  are  Haves. 

SaVijhury,  the  capital  of  the  above  dif-. 
tria,  and  a  poft  town,  is  fituated  in  Row- 
an CO.  on  the  N  W  fide  of  Cane  Creek, 
about  5  miles  from  its  jun6lion  with 
Yadkin  river.  It  contains  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  about  70  houfes.  It  is  a  flour- 
ifliing  place,  in  the  midft  of  a  fine  coun- 
try, and  lies  about  %$  miles  S  of  the  Mo- 
ravian fettlements,  an  W  S  W  of  Hali- 
fax, 97  W  S  W  of  Hilliborough,  lao  W 
of  Faycttevilie,  and  416  S  W  of  Wafli- 
ington.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  this 
place,  a  fubterraneous  Wall,  a  great  nat- 
ural curiofity,  has  lately  been  difcovered. 
See  Wall,  Subterraneous.  N  lat,  2,S  47i  W 
Ion.  80  17. 

Salijhury,  a  townfliip  in  EfTex  co.  Maf- 
fachufetts ;  is  divided  into  two  parifhes* 
The  moft  ancient  fettlement  in  this  town, 
is  in  the  lower  pariili,  at  which  place  the 
general  court  of  the  former  province  of 
Maffachufetts  Bay  was  fometimes  held» 
Tfee  part  0^  th?r  t9WIl  a^  prefent  moft 
ftourijIiiDS 


SAL 


SAL 


jtonrifhing,  U  a  point  of  land  formed  by 
the  junction  of  Merrimack  and  Powow 
Hvers.  Here  is  a  village  very  pleafantly 
(Ituated  on  the  bank  of  the  Merrimack, 
where,  before  the  revohition  war,  fliip- 
buildinjf  was  carried  ati  to  a  confiderable 
extent,  which,  though  now  much  decreal- 
ed,i3  fliU  not  wholly  laid  alide  ;  and  this, 
with  its  auxiliary  trades:  and  fome  little 
navigation,  owned  and  fitted  here,  give 
the  place, a  very  lively  and  bufy  appear- 
ance. The  continental  frigate  Allrana-, 
was  built,  at  this  place,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Hacket,  a  very  refpetflable 
n*^^al  architedl.  It  is  4  miles  northerly  1 
pf  Newburyport,  and  46  N  E  of  Boflon. 
it  was  incorporated  in  1640,  and  contains 
2  855  inhabitants.     See  Poicorv  Rivur. 

Sali/hury,  a  pod  town  of  Vermont,  on 
Otter  Qveek.,  in  Addllon  cd.  Trciit  Pond, 
or  Lak-e  Dunmore,  5  miles  long  and  2 
broad,  is  in  this  town.  It  contains  644  in- 
habitants, and  Is  15  niiies  K  by  N  of  Mount 
Independence. 

Salifjury,  a  confideraole  agricultufal 
^owniliip  in  Hillfborough  co.  N.  Hamp- 
flilre.  It  is  iitnated  on  the  W  fide  of  Mer- 
rimack river,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  water 
river,  and  oppofite  to  Canterbury  ;  10 
or  I  a  miles  N  of  Concord.  If  v^ras  incor- 
porated in  i  768,  and  contains  1767  inhab- 
itants. 

Sah/hurv,i  pad  town,  the  TVretfrac  of  th.e 
Indians,  is  the  northweflernmoft  townfhip 
of  Conneclicut,  Litchfield  co.  having  Maf- 
fachufetts  N,  and  N.  York  W.  It  has  2266 
inhabitants.  Here  are  fevgral  forges  and 
iron  works  aiid  a  paper  mill.  During  the 
late  war  feveral  pieces  of  caniion  were 
cafl:  in  this  town. 

Salijbury^  a  town  of  Delaware,  Newcaf- 
tle  CO  on  the  N  fide  of  Duck  Creek,  on 
the  S  line  of  the  county;  9^  miles  S  K 
of  Noxtown,  and  la  N  W  of  Dover. 

Sallfhury,  the  name  of  two  townlhips  in 
Pennfyivania,  in  Lancafter  and  North- 
ampton counties. 

SaUfmtry^  a  poft  town  of  Maryland, 
Somerfet  CO.  between  the  two  principal 
branches  of  Wicomico  river.  It  contains 
about  45  houfes  and  aii  Epifcopal  church, 
and  carries  on  a  coniiderable  lumber  trade. 
It  is  ^  miles  S  of  the  Delaware  State  line, 
20  N  W  of  Snow  Hill,  15  S  W  of  Vlenn;i, 
a  poit  of  entry,  and  163  S  by  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia. 

SJifhun,  a  fmall  pofl:  town  of  Virginia, 
•25  miles  from  Alexandria,  and  20  from 
Leefburg. 

/)jA7J."/v,  au  irtaad  at  the  W  end  of  Hud- 


fori'ft  Straits,  E  of  Nottingham  liland.       JJt 
lat.  63  29,  W  ion.  76  47. 

Salijbury  Point,  forms  the  N  lide  of  the 
mouth  of  Merrimack  river,  or  Newbury 
harbour,  in  Maffachufetts.  N  lat.  42  49, 
W  Ion.  70  54. 

Saihfri'.ay  a  harbour  on  the  W  coaft  of 
N.Mexico,  which  affords  good  anchorage. 
N  lat.  18  52.      See  Salaana. 

Salmon  Cred-,  a  fmall  ftream  which  rifes 
near  a  branch  of  Fifli  Creek,  and  enters 
Oneida  Lake. 

Salmon  Cnei,  JB'y,  U.  Canada,  runs  into 

ike  Ontario,  between  ■ 
Cramahi  and  Haldimand. 

Salmon  Fall,  the  name  of  Pifcataqua  riv- 
tr  from  its  head  to  the  Lower  Falls  at 
Berwick.      See  Prfcataqua  River. 

Solmnn  Palls,  in  Saco  river,  on  the  line 
between  Maine  and  N.  Hainpfliire,  10 
miles  above  Saco  Falls.  The  number  of 
i-AyfT  mills'  on  the  river  has  neither  deflroy- 
ed  nor  leflened  the  quantity  of  Salmon  in 
it.  The  mill  dams  do  not  extend  acrofs 
the  riveir,  and  there  is  a  curiofity  in  feeing 
the  exertion  of  thefe  fifh  in  making  their 
way  up  the  falls;  when  the  fun  Ihines 
clear  in  the  morning,  they  are  frequently 
feen  engaged  in  this  enterprife,  moving 
from  one  rock  to  another,  and  refting  on 
each,  in  fpite  of  the  catarad:  which  op- 
pofes  their  progrefs,  until  they  have  gain- 
eid  the  Hiill  waters  above. 

Salmon  River,  a  confiderable  flream 
which  running  N,  lofes  its  waters  in  I^ake 
Ontario.  It  is  navigable  2  miles,  has  abun- 
dance of  tifli,  and  15  miles  from  its  mouth 
has  a  perpendicular  fall  of  106  feet. 

Salmon  Point,  on  the  call:  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Newfoundland,  and  N  E  of  Clauije 
Point,  which  is  the  north  entrance  into 
Conception  Bay. 

SaMsd  Toitjnjh'tp,  in  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln, U.  Canada,  lies  W  of  Grinlby,  and 
fronts  Lake  Ontario. 

Salt  IJlnnd,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
Ifles,  and  W  of  Cooper's  Ifland.  N  lat.  21: 
30,  W  Ion.  71  3. 

Salt  Jjland,  on  the  S  coafl;  of  the  Ifland  of 
Jamaica,  off  Old  Harbour,  and  N  NE  of 
Portland  Point. 

Salt  Key,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  W.  Indies. 
N  lat.  2  T  30,  W  Ion.  7 1  3. 

Salt  Pond  Bay,  on  the  S  coaO:  of  the  ifl- 
and of  Jamaica,  eaftward  of  Port  Royal. 

Salt  Lakr,  N.  York.      Se^  Onondago  L. 

Salt  River,  in  Kentucky,  is  formed  by 
three  principal  branches,  and  empties 
through  the  S  E  bank  of  the  Ohio,  by  a 
mouth  80  yards,  according  to  others,  150 

yards 


SAL 


SAL 


yards  wide  ;  30  miles  below  the  Rapids, 
it  is  navigable  for  boats  about  60  miles.  It 
has  good  lands  on  its  head  waters,  but 
they  are  low  and  unhealthy ;  for  25  miles 
from  its  mouth,  the  land  on  each  fide  is 
level  and  poor,  and  abounds  with  ponds. 
Between  Salt  and-  Green  rivers  there  are 
two  fprings  of  bitumen,  which,  when  an- 
alyzed, is  found  to  be  timber. 

Sa/i  Jiiwr,  on  the  N  ihore  of  Jamaica  I. 
S  of  Point  Galina. 

Salt  RivdVy  the  arm  of  the  fea  which 
feparates  the  illand  of  Guadaloupe,  into 
two  parts,  and  communicates  with  the 
ocean  on  both  fidcjj  of  the  illand.  It  is  two 
leagues  in  length  ;  i^  paces  broad.  The 
navigaiion  is  hazardous,  nor  will  it  admit 
veiTels  above  25  tons. 

Siiltuy  a  town  of  S.  America,  two  thirds 
of  the  way  from  Buenos  Ayres  to  Potofi  ; 
where  rmuienle  numbers  of  cattle  winter, 
and  arc  fattened  on  their  way  to  Potofi. 

Salta,  a  town  of  S,  America,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Tucuman,  58  miles  S  of  St.  Sal- 
vador. It  contains  two  churches,  four 
monafteries,and  about  4CO  houfes.  It  is  a 
place  of  great  refort  on  account  of  the 
large  quantities  pf  corn,  meal,  wine,  cattle, 
fait,  meat,  fat,  hides  aud  other  commodi- 
ties, which  are  fent  from  this  place  to 
moft  parts  of  Peru.  S  lat.  25  20,  W  Ion. 
66  30. 

Saltajhy  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Wind- 
for  CO.  now  Plymouth,  which  fee. 

Salt  Lick  Toiuriy  lies  1 8  miles: below  the 
fourceof  Big  Beaver  Creek,  and  34  above 
the  Mahoning  town.  bee  Big  Bcaiier 
Creek. 

Salt  Petre  Creek,  in  Baltimore  co.  Mary- 
land, falls  into  Gunpowder  river  on  the 
W  iide  ;   1 4  miles  E  N  E  of  Baltimore. 

Salt  Spring  Ri-ver,  in  the  Indiana  Terri- 
tory, rifes  near  the  E  line  of  the  New  Jer- 
fey  Company's  lands,  and  runsfouih  east- 
ward into  Ohio  river,  10  miles  below  tjie 
mouth  of  the  Waballi,  and  nearly  30,  by 
the  courfe  of  the  river,  above  the  Great 
Cave.  It  runs  above  56  miles;  and  10 
miles  from  its  mouth  is  the  fait  ipring, 
which  gives  name  to  the  river. 

Salt  Maoris,  in  Barnflable  co.  MafTachu- 
fetts.  Since  the  year  1776,  fait  has  been 
made  on  the  coaft  of  this  county,  but  not 
in  large  quantities  till  within  a  few  years. 
Great  improvements  have  been  lately 
made  in  the  conftruction  of  thefe  works. 
In  their  preient  ftate  they  have  been  thus 
defcribsd, "  The  bottom  of  the  vats  is  con- 
ftrucled  of  boards ;  and  the  fides  of  plank : 
and  they  reft  on  frames,  which  are  fn|-- 
VoL.  I,  Yyy 


ported  by  fmall.  piles.  Thefe  vats,  are  di- 
vided into  three  or  four  rooms,  the  fecond 
falling  three  or  four  inches  below  ,tli£ 
firft,  and  the  third  as  much  below  the  ieq- 
ond,  and  fo  on.  A  pipe,  which  runs  un- 
der ground,  and.which  communicates'with 
the  Tea,  conveys  the  fait  water  into  a  well 
about  four  feet  deep.  In  this  well  is  fixed 
a  pump,  which  is  connecSted,  by  means  of 
a  fpouf,  with  the  firft  vat,  called  the  wa- 
ter room.  In  this  vat,  which  is  longer 
than  any  of  the  others,  much  filth  is  de- 
pofited.  After  a  proper  time  the  water 
is  drawn  oiT  into  the  fecond  vat,  called 
the  pickle  room,  in  which  calcareous 
matter,  pr  lime,  is  depofited.  If  there  are 
four  yats,  the  third  is  named  the  lime 
room.  In  this  vat,  or  in  the  fecond,  when 
there  are  no  more  than  three,  a  pellicle 
of  fait  begins  to  gather  on  the  furface  of 
the  water, lime  is  plentifully  depofited,  and 
the  pickle  is  drawn  olT  into  the  laft  vat, 
called  the  fait  room,  in  which  only  the 
crvftals  are  permitted  to  be  formed_  The 
vats  are  nine  or  ten  inches  deep.  In  dry 
weather,  during  the  fummer,  with  a  N  ^ 
wind,  the  evaporation  is  a  third  of  an  inch 
in  a  day.  The  fait  produced  refembies 
Lifbon  fah,  but  is  purer,  is  ftrong,  and 
free  from  lime.  The  mean  weight  of  a 
bufliel  of  it  is  eighty  pounds.  Dunng  the 
winter  the  Glauber  fait,  faid  to  be  of  an 
excellent  quality,  cryftalizes.  No  grc;;t 
quantity  of  Epfom  i-Ai  and  magneha  'ha* 
yet  been  produced.  The  P.ev.  Mr.  Brlg^s 
of  Chatham,  an  induftr'.ous  and  ingenious 
chemlft,  has  however  fucceedcd  in  cb-F 
taining  both  ;  and  though  his  magneha  is 
not  perfetlly  white,  his  Epfom  fait  appears 
to  be  incapable  of  improvement.  The 
marine  fait  is  worth  feventy  five  cents  a 
bufliel,  and  the  glauber  fak  124  cents  a. 
pound.  The  value  of  the  Epfom  fait  and 
magnefia  is  not  eftimated,  as  the  quantity 
which  may  be  obtained  is  unknov/n  ;  from 
this  data,  £i:d  the  following  table,  the 
great  imporiance  of  this  new  manufac- 
ture to  tiie  county  of  Barntlable  will  ap- 
pear. 

Nc.  cf  iVvrls.  Ko.  cf  Feet*: 

In  Suet  are         24      containiag      ipii-^o 
NobfcuiTet,         23  -  \4,Z^o 

Yarmouth,  4  -  16,630 

Barnftable,  14  -  ii/,'I7 

Sandwich,  4  -  2702 

Falmouth,  4  -  ^9^0 

Harwich,  ai  -  18,600 


*  By  a  font  h  meimt  10  fq'iare  feet ;  300  fach 
'"cet  j>i"odac<-  100  bullivH  cf  n;u.rin£:  f^it,  anJ45(iIbs- 

<1  U4bf:f  fuiLj  pel-  arin;;.,!. 

Chatham, 


SAL 


SAM 


Chatham, 

6 

Grleansj 

11 

Eaftham, 

'  la 

WcUflcct, 

a 

Truro» 

I 

Provincetown, 

lO 

Total, 

136 

11,500 

3080 

9100 

180 

700 
11,404 

121,313 


Saluda,  a  river  of  S.  Carolina,  which 
rifes  on  the  borders  of  N.  Carolina,  and, 
taking  a  S  E  courfo,  joins  broad  river  at 
the  townfliip  of  Columbia,  and  forms  the 
CongArce. 

Satut,  Port,  lies  on  the  S  W  fide  of  the 
S  peninfula  of  the  if]  and  of  St.  Domingo  ;  a- 
bout  14  leagues  from  Les  Cayes,  as  the 
road  runs,  and  only  7  in  a  ftraight  line  3 
W  of  that  town.  N  lat.  186,  W  Ton.  76  2a 

■  Sal-vaJnre,  St.  a  town  in  the  province  of 
Tucuman,  in  S.  America,  and  near  the 
borders  of  Peru.  It  lies  at  the  foot  of  a 
high  mountain  which  forms  part  of  the 
eaftern  chain  of  the  Andes.  A  little  a- 
bove  the  town  is  a  conQderable  river, 
M'hich  afterwards  empties  into  the  river 
I.eon.  It  his  about  300  houfes,  and  is 
6:i,  leagues  N  of  St.  Jago  del  Eftero.  S 
lat.  24  22,  W  Ion.  66  27. 

-  Sulvador,  St.  a  fmall  city  of  N.  Mexico, 
in  the  province  of  Guatimala,  on  a  river 
I  z  mile.;  from  the  ocean.  It  has  few 
houfes,  and  little  trade.  Oil  the  N  fide 
of  it,  are  lofty  mou-i  ains,  called  the  Chan- 
talc-,  inhabited  by  poor  Indians.  In  the 
bottom,  where  the  town  (lands,  are  plan- 
tations of  fugar  canes  and  indigo,  with  a 
few  farms  for  rearing  cattle.  N  lat.  135, 
■W  loii.  90  3. 

■  Sal-vador'e,  St.  the  capital  of  Brazil,  in  S. 
America^  called  alfo  the  city  of  the  Bay, 
is  within  the' fpacious  Bay'of  All  Saints, 
which  is  full  of  fruitful  ifles.  This  city, 
which  has  a  no'-le,  fpacious,  and  commo- 
dious harbour,  is  built  on  a  high  and  ftccp 
rock,  having  the  fea  upon  one  fide,  a  lake 
fornung  a  crefcent  on  the  other.  The 
fttuation  makes  it  in  a  manner  impregna- 
ble by  nature,  and  it  has  very  ftrong  for- 
tifications. It  is  populous,  magnificent, 
and  beyond  comparifon,  the  mofi:  gay  and 
opulent,  in  all  Brazil.  Vail:  quantities  of 
fugar  are  mad*;?  in  its  neighbourhood.  S 
lat.  13  15,  W  Ion.  37  S5'  See  Ail  Saints 
Bay. 

■  Salvadorf  de  Bayamo,  St.  a  town  of  the 
illand  of  Cuba,  on  a  river  which  runs  in- 
to the  head  of  the  bay  of  Bayamo,  about 
30  miles  N  W  by  W  of  the  town. 

Salvadore,  St.  or  Cuanabaniy  Of  Cat  JJl- 
and :  which  fee. 


Salvage,  a  dry  rock  off  Cape  Ann,  on" 
the  coaft  of  Maflachufetts.  When  it- 
boars  S  E  2  leagues  diflant,  you  have  6 
leagues  N  W  to  Newburyport  bar,  and  N 
I  W  n  leagues  to  Portfmouth.  N  ^  E  8 
leagues  to  lile  of  Shoals. 

Salvateon  de  Yguey,  a  fmall  town  in  the 
ilTand  of  St.  Domingo,  28  leagues  E  of  the 
city  of  St.  Domingo.  It  is  famous  for  its 
fug:u-  works  and  luxuriant  paftures,  in 
which  vaft  number  of  cattle  feed.  It  is 
alfo  Z2^QiS.  Higuey,  or  Alta  Gratia  ;  which 
fee; 

Samanct,  a  large  bay  aft  the  E  end  of  the 
iiTandof  St.  Domingo.  It  opens  to  the  N 
E  betv/een  Cape  Samana,  (which  is  alfo 
called  Cape  Refon  or  Cape  Grondeur)  on 
the  N  and  Cape  Raphael  S  E  of  the  for- 
mer, 7  leagues  aparr.'  It^  mean  breadth 
is  about  5  leagues,  and  its  length  ao 
leagues.  Some  mariners  reckon  Pointe 
d'fcaque,or  Icaq^e  Point,as  the  fouthern 
point  of  the  bay,  which  comes  after  Cape 
Raphael,  and  is- only  13  leagues  front  the 
head  of  the  bay,  and  lies  in  lat.  19  2  N, 
and  Ion.  71  ^$  W  of  Paris.  This  bay  of- 
fers a  fafe  flieltcr  to  the  ftbutefl  fquad- 
rons.  Ilying  to  the  windward  of  the  ill- 
andi  it  has  the  advantage  overall  the  oth- 
er places  as  a  maritime  poft;  which  ren- 
ders it  capable  of  prote<5ling  the  whole 
gulf  of  Mexico,  to  wliich  it  is  in  reality  a 
key.  The  entrance  is  difficult,  and  very 
narrow;  becaufe  from  the  fouthern  fide 
of  its  opening,  runs  a  breaker,  which  ad- 
v<inces  in  a  point  towards  Port  Banifter, 
and  between-  which,  and  the  northern 
coaft,  nature  has  placed  the  rock  or  flial- 
iow,  called  the  Rebels.  This  rock  nar- 
rows the  entrance,  fo  that  between  it  and 
the  land,  forming  the  N  fide,  in  the  inte- 
rior of  the  bay,  there  is  little  more  than 
800  fathoms.  Thus  a  battery  on  fhore, 
and  another  on  the  rock,  the  Rebels  would 
by  their  crofs  fire,  completely  defend  the 
entrance againft  even  the  fmallefl:  vefl^els ; 
and  a  battery  on  the  other  fide  of  the 
Rebels  would  effedltially  prevent  any  vef- 
fel  from  entering  between  it  and  the 
breakers.     See  Old  Cape  Francois. 

Samba  Bay,  or  Zamba,  on  tlie  N  COaft  of 
the  Spanifli  Main,  is  W  of  St.  Martha's 
river. 

Samballas,  a  rocky  point  remarkably 
long  and  low,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  Ifth- 
mus  of  Darien,  which  is  fo  guarded  with 
rocks  and  ilioals,  that  it  is  very  dangerous 
coming  near  it.     N  lat.  9  40,  W  Ion.  78 

43- 

Samballast  a  multitude  of  fniall   ifiands, 
fcattered 


S  AH 


^Afr 


.jTcattered  at  very  unequal  dlftauces  from 
the  flioie,  and  from  each  other,  extending 
a  confiderable  diftance  along  the  northern 
fliore  of  the  Illhmus  of  Darien,  and  with 
the  adjacent  country,  its  hills  and  forefts 
of  perpetual  verdure,  form  a  charniing 
profpedt  from  the  fea.  There  are  navi- 
gable channels  between  mod  of  the  iH- 
ands,  through  which  fliips  may  pafs,  and 
range  the  coaft  of  the  ifthmus ;  the  fea 
■between  them  and  the  fliore  being  navi- 
gable from  one  end  to  the  other,  and  af- 
fords every  where  good  anchorage  in  firm 
fandy  ground,  with  good  landing  either  on 
the  iilands  or  the  main.  Moft  of  thcl'e 
iflandsare  low,  flat,  and  Tandy,  covered 
with  a  variety  of  trees,  and  abound  v.'ith 
flaell  fifli  of  feveral  kinds.  Some  of  them 
afford  fprings  of  frefli  water,  and  conven- 
ient careening  places.  The  long  channel 
between  the  Samballas  iilands  and  the 
ifthmus  is  from  2  to  4  miles  in  breadth, 
extending  from  Point  Samballas  to  the 
gulf  of  Darien  and  the  coaft  of  the  ifth- 
mus, full  of  fandy  bays,  with  many  ftreams 
of  water. 

Samhorough^  Cape  and  Ifuind^  on  th«  S. 
■coaft  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  W  of  Chebucflo 
Bay  and  harbour,  on  which  is  a  light 
houfe  for  the  diredlion  of  fliips,  in  iat.  44 
30  N,  and  Ion.  63  32  W.  High  water,  at 
full  and  change,  at  8  o'clock. 

Samganoociha,  or  Sam'ia>toodhay.z'\i^v\>0\lT 
on  the  NE  fide  of  Oonalaflika  Ifland,  on 
•the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  America,  jo  miles  E 
of  Egoofliak  bay.  Ships  can  lie  here 
Jandlocked  from  all  winds  in  7,  6,  and  4 
fathoms  water.  It  abounds  with  hallibut, 
falmon,  &c.      N  Iat.  st,  55,  ■\V"  Ion.  166 

30  15- 

Samilitam,  a  river  on  the  W  coaft  of  N. 
Mexico,  12  miles  from  Point  Artcla  on 
one  fide,  and  6  farther  to  Copalita  river. 
At  its  moutli  is  an  Indian  town,  where 
a.fliip's  company  may  find  provifions 
and  frefli  water. 

^amptoivn,  a  village  in  Midulefex  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  ^h  miles  N  ¥,  of  (^libbletown, 
above,  jj  SW  of  Elizabcthtown. 

Sampfofty  a  CO.  of  Fayette  diftrict,  N. 
Carolina,  bounded  N  by  Johnfon  go.  and 
S  by  Bladen.  It  contains  6719  inhabit- 
ants, including  1712  Haves.  "I'he  court 
houfe,  where  a  poft  ofnce  is,  kept,  is  ^6 
miles  from  Fayetteville,  23  from  Crofs 
Roads  near  Duplin  court  houfe,  and  387 
from  Wafliington. 
.    Samput^^  3  town  of  Mexico.  ,  See  An^e-: 

Sxuballet  Pointy  near  the  mouth  of  tlic 


river  Darien,  and  N  W  of  the  Ifland  oX 
Pines.      It  is  12  miles  E  of  Port  Scrivan. 

Sanboridoiun,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hamp- 
fhire,  StralFord  co.  on  the  point  of  land  at 
the  confluence  of  Winnipifiogee  and  Pe- 
migewaffet  rivers.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1770,  and  contains  2695  inhabitants. 
In  this  town  is  the  appearance  of  an  In- 
dian fortrefs,  conllfting  of  5  diftiiicl  walls, 
one  v/ithin  the  other.  Some  pieces  of 
baked  earthen  ware  have  been  found 
liere,  from  Avliich  it  is  fuppofed  that  the 
Indians  had  learned  the  potter's  art. 

Sancoty  ■H.eaJyih.c  E  point  of  Nantucket 
.IHand,  on  the  coaft  of  Mallachufetts.  N 
Iat.  41  15,  W  Ion.  6958. 

SuftSIos  Bdhia,  or  Suint's  Bay,  on  the 
coaft  of  Brazil,  where  tlie  land  lies  due  E 
and  W  for  20  leagues.  The  city  of 
Saints  or  dos  Sanctos  is  fltuated  on  an  ifl- 
and called  Amiaz,  on  the  W  r:.lc  of  the 
entrance  into  the  harbour,  as  alfo  the 
town  of  §t.  Vincent.      S   Iat.  24,  \V  ion. 

45  15. 

Sandgate,  a  mountainous  townfliip  of 
Bennington  county  Vermont,  18  miles  N 
of  Bennington.  It  contains  1020  inhab- 
itants. 

Sand  Hill  Bay,  at  the  S  E  end  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Chnftopher's. 

Sandisjieldy  a  hilly  townfliip  in  Berk - 
fliire  CO.  on  the  Connc(5ticut  line  ;  22 
miles  S  by  E  of  I.cnox.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1762,  and  contains  1637  inhab- 
itants. 

■Sa/ido-:vn,'z  townfliip  in  Rockingham 
CO.  N.  Hampfliire,  was  taken  from  Kiagf- 
ton,and  incorporated  in  1756  ;  and  con- 
tains 501  inhabitants. 

Eandnftzy^  a  fort  in  the  ftatc  of  Ohio,  on 
the  S  fide  of  the  bay  of  the  fame  name,  at 
the  S  W  end  of  lake  Erie. 

S.indujhy  Lake,  or  Bay,  at  the  S  W  fide 
of  lake  Erie,  is  a  gulf  flia'ped  like  a  fl)oe, 
and  entered  fronv  the  lake  by  a  very  Inort 
and  narrow  ftrait.  Its  length  is  17  miles, 
its  great  eft  breadth  7  miles.  From  the 
N  W  part  of  this  lake,  there  is  a  portage 
of  only  a  mile  and  a  quarter  to  Portage 
river,  a  fmali  river  which  runs  into  Lake 
Erie.  The  fort  ftands  oppofite  to  the  gur. 
N  Iat.  41  51,  W  Ion.  83  3  30. 

Sandujhy  River.,  a  navigable  water  of  the 
ftate  ot  Ohio  Which  riles  near  a  branch 
of  the  Great  Miami,  between  which  \i  a 
portage  of  9  miles.  It  purfues  aN  E 
courfe,  and  empties  into  the  S  W  corner 
of  Sanduflcy  I^ake.  'J'he  Indians,  by  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  Auguft  3;- 1795, have 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  trac'c  of  land' 

6  miles 


SA-N 


SAN 


6  miles  fqitare  upon  Saiiclulky  Luke, 
where  a  fort  formerly  ftood,  and  two 
miles  fquareat  the  Lower  Rapids  of  San- 
dufky  river.  Tt  is  a  confiderable  river, 
with  level  land  on  its  bank,  its  ftream 
gentle  all  the  way  to  its  mouth,  where  it 
is  large  enough  to  receive  floops. 

Sandi'Jhy  IJland,  in  lake  Erie,  U.  Canada, 
lies  a  little  S  E  of  the  Bafs  illands,  and 
nearer  to  Sandufkv  Bay. 

h  'Toivrjhip,  is  the  upper  part 


cyanaivic, 


of  Detroit  river,  and  comprehends  the 
old  French  fcttlements.  It  has  a  thriv- 
ing town  of.the  fame  name,  a  little  below 
the  fort  of  Detroit,  en  the  E  fide  of  the 
river,  where  a  gaol,  and  court  houfe  have 
been  erc(9:ed.  Smyth. 

SdndiiHch,  a  townfliip  in  the  iiorthcrn 
part  of  Strafford  co.  N.  Hampfliire,  N  of 
Winnipifiogee  I>ake.  It  was  incorporated 
in  I  763,  and  contains  1413  inhabitants. 

S^ndiviib^  Mafl'achufetts,  a  poft  town  at 
the  bottom  of  Cape  Cod,  in  Barnftablc 
CO.  It  extends  the  whole  breadth  of  the 
cape,  and  is  18  miles  S  E  of  Plymot-th, 
and  about  60  miles  S  of  Boflon.  I'here 
is  a  little  decent  group  of  houfes,  on  the 
E  fide  of  the  cape,  and  a  pretty  ftream  of 
water  running  through  it.  Incorporated 
1639  ;  inhabitants  2024.  It  is  near  the 
place  where  the  propofed  canal  is  to  com- 
mence from  Barnftahle  to  Buzzard's  bay. 
'i"he  Indian  town  KUteaumiit^  or  Katamd^ 
was  fituated  on  Buzzard's  bay  j  and  Man- 
namH  was  the  name  of  a  place  near  the 
bottom  of  Buzzard's  bay.  There  is  a 
place  on  the  fame  bay,  on  Sandwich  fide, 
called  Pokefst,  ufually  called  by  the  Indians 
Fou'^okecJJc.  It  is  the  fecond  parifli  in 
Sandwich.  There  is  an  Indian  territo- 
ry, called  Herring  Pond,  in  the  neighbour- 
])<)od  of  Sandwich,  about  5  miles  N  W 
from  this  village,  and  fo  extending  from 
thence  along  fliore  to  Monument  Ponds, 
all  included  within  the  townfhip  of  Ply- 
mouth. It  contains,  about  120  fouls,  one 
half  of  whom  are  mixed.  The  Indian 
name  of  this  territory  is  not  known. 
They  appear  to  have  been  confidcred  as 
a  diftinA  tribe,  now  known  by  the  name 
of  the  Herring  Pond  Indians. 

Sjndivich  Iflands,  a  group  of  i Hands  in 
theS.  Seijdifcovercd  by  Capt.  Cook,  who 
gave  them  the  above  name  in  honor  of 
the  Earl  of  Sandwich,  under  whofe  ad- 
miniftration  they  were  firfl  vifittd.  They 
confift  of  '11  illands,  extending  in  lat. 
from  18  54  to  aa  15  N,  and  in  Ion.  from 
I  c  o  5  4  to  1 40  a6  W.  They  are  ca:ned  by 
il  e  natives'  Owhyliec,    Mowee,    Ranai, 


Morotinnee,  Tahowrowa,  Morotoi,  Wao- 
hon,  Atooi,  Nceheehow,  Oreehoua,  and 
Tahoora  ;  all  inhabited,  except  Morotin  • 
nee  and  Tahoora.  Befidc  t'lefe,  the  na- 
tives fpeak  of  another,  lying  to  the  W  S 
W  of  Tahoora  ;  which  is  low  and  fandy, 
and  vifited  only  for  the  purpofe  of  catch- 
ing turtle  and  feafowls.  As  they  do  not 
know  of  any  others,  it  is  probable  that 
none  exift  in  their  neighbourhood.  An 
account  of  each  inhabited  ifiand  will  be 
found  in  its  proper  place.  The  climate 
differs  very  lit  tit-  from  that  of  the  Weft 
India  iflands  in  the  fame  latitude.  Upon 
thf  whole,  perhaps,  it  may  be  more  tem- 
perate ;  noi'  are  there  any  traces  of  thofe 
violent  winds  and  hurricanes  which  ren- 
der the  flormy  months  in  the  VVefi:  Indies 
fo  dreadful.  There  is  alfo  more  rain  at 
the  Sand v»rich  liles,  where  the  mountain- 
ous parts  being  generally  enveloped  in  a 
cloud,  fuecellive  fliowers  fall  in  the  in- 
land parts,  with  fine  weather,  and  a  clear 
fky,  at  the  fea  fliore.  Hence  it  is,  that 
few  of  thofe  inconveniences  to  which 
many  tropical  coimtries  are  fubjedV, 
either  from  heat  or  moifture,  are  experi- 
enced here.  The  winds,  in  the  winter 
months,  are  generally  from  E  S  E  to  N  E. 
The  tides  are  very  regular,  ebbing  and 
flowing  6  hours  each.  The  flood  comes 
from  the  eaftward  ;  and  it  is  high  water 
at  the  full  and  change  of  the  moon,  45 
minutes  paft  3.  Their  greatcfl:  rife  is  % 
feet  7  inches,  and  the  water  is  always  4 
inches  higher  when  the  moon  is  above 
the  horizon,  than  when  flie  is  below  it. 
The  vegetable  productions  are  nearly  the 
fame  as  ac  the  other  iflands  in  this  ocean. 
The  taro  root  is  of  a  fuperior  quality. 
The  bread  fruit  trees  thrive  not  in  fuch 
abundance  as  in  the  rich  plnins  of  Ota- 
heite,  but  produce  double  the  quantity 
of  fruit.  The  fugar  canes  are  of  a  very 
unufual  fize,  fome  of  them  meafuring  11 
inches  and  a  quarter  in  circumference, 
and  having  14  feet  eatable.  There  is  alfo 
a  root  of  a  brown  colour,  fliaped  like  a. 
yam,  and  from  6  to  10  pounds  in  weight, 
the  juice  of  which  is  very  fweet,  of  a 
plcafant  tafte,  and  an  excellent  fubftitute 
for  fugan  The  inhabitants  are  undoubt- 
edly of  thie  fame  race  that  pofleffcs  the 
i'ilands'S  of  the  equator;  and  in  their 
perfonS,  language,  cufloms  and  manners, 
approach  nearer  to  the  New  Zealanders 
than  to  their  lefs  diftant  neighbours, 
either  to  the  Society  or  Friendly  Ifiand;-. 
They  are  in  general  above  the  middle 
fize,  and  well  made.  They  walk  very 
gracefully, 


SAN 


SAN 


gracefully,  run  nimbly,  and  are  capr\l)le 
of  bearing  very  great  fatigue  ;  although, 
\ipon  the  whole,  the  men  ^re  fomevvhat 
inferior,  in  point  of  ftrength  and  acflivlty, 
to  the  Friendly  iHandcrs,  and  the  women 
kls  delicately  formed  than  thole  of  Ota- 
heite.  Their  complexion  is  rather  dark- 
er than  that  of  the  Otaheitans,  and  they 
are  not  altogether  fo  handfome  a  people. 
However,  many  of  both  fexes  have  fine  | 
open  countenances  ;  the  women  in  par- 
ticular have  goodeyes  and  teeth,  with  a 
fweetnefs  and  fen  Ability  of  look,  that 
render  them  very  engaging.  Their  hair 
is  ofabrownifii  black  ;  neither  uniform- 
ly ftraight,  like  that  of  the  American  In- 
dians ;  nor  uniformly  curling,  as  among 
the  negroes  of  Atrica.  There  is  one  pe- 
culiar charadleriltic  of  this  great  nation, 
and  which  is  alfo  prevalent  in'lhe  Friend- 
ly Iflanders,  that  even  in  the  handibmeft 
faces  there  is  a  fullnefs  of  the  noftril,  with- 
out any  flatnefs  or  fprcading  of  the  nofe. 
This  may  probably  be  the  elFe<ft  of  their 
iii'ual  mode  of  ialutation,  which  is  by 
preffing  the  ends  of  their  nofes  together. 
The  fame  fuperiority  that  is  obferved  a- 
mong  the  higher  ranks,  through  all  the 
other  idands,  is  found  here.  The  chiefs 
are,  almofl:  without  excepti(  n,  perfetflly 
well  formed  ;  whereas  the  lower  fort,  be- 
fide  their  genera!  inferiority,  are  fubjetSt 
to  all  the  variety  of  make  and  figure  that 
is  feen  in  the  populace  of  other  countries. 
Tattooing  the  body  is  much  pracStifed 
here.  The  natives  rife  with  the  Sun, and, 
after  enjoying  the  cool  of  the  evening, 
retire  to  reft  a  few  hours  after  funfet. 
Their  inftrumcnts  of  war  are  fpears,  dag- 
gers, clubs  and  flings.  The  dagger  is  a 
weapon  peculiar  to  themfelves.  It  is 
from  I  to  a  feet  long,  made  of  heavy 
black  wood  refembling  ebony,  fliarpened 
at  one  or  both  ends  and  fecured  to  the 
hand  by  a  firing.  Its  ufe  is  to  flab  in 
clofe  fight,  and  it  is  well  adapted  to  the 
purpofc.  They  have  alfo  the  knife  or 
fawjwith  which  the  New  Zealanders  cut 
up  their  (laiightered  enemies.  For  de- 
fenfive  armour  they  wear  ftrong  mats, 
which  aie  not  eafily  penetrated  with  fuch 
weapons  as  their's. 

Sundtvlc/j,  or  Haivles  River,  Is  1  miles 
within  ChebucSlo  Harbour,  Noya  Sco- 
tia. 

Sandiuichy  a  fmall  Hver  at  the  bottom 
of  Barnftable  Bay,  Maflachufetts. 

Sandy  Bay,  Little^  on  lake  Ontario,  be- 
tween Sophiafburgii  and  Maryfburgh,  U. 
Canada,  is  fupplicd  by  the  E.  lake  lying 


alfo  between  thefe  townfliips,  in  the  ccun- 
ty  of  Prince  Edward. 
•  Sarf^y  Bay,  on  lake  Ontario,  IT.  Canada, 
in  the  townfliip  of  Amelialburgh,  lies  im- 
mediately E  of,  and  clofe  to  the  Hie  de 
Quinte. 

Sandy  Buy,  at  the  E  end  of  the  iflan4 
of  Jamaica  ;  S  of  Mulatto  river,  and  6 
i;iiles  N  of  Mauchaneel  Harbour. 

'  Sandy  Bay,  Tit  the  N  W  extremity  of 
the  fame  illand,  W  of  Stoddard  Bay,  and 
E  of  Green  Ifiand.  Little  Sandy  B,!y,  on. 
tiie  S  E  part  of  the  ifland  is  about  a  league 
W  of  Point  Morant.  Sam/y  6W>-  He  oiT 
the  entrance  of  Port  Royal  Vf/jf^Vir, 

Sandy  Cow,  to  the  N  \V  >Quhd  the 
point  of  Cape  Ann,  Maffachufetts,  and 
lies  between  two  head  lands.  N  lat.  42 
45,  W  ion.  70  30. 

S^ndy  Harbour,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and of  St.  Lucia,  near  the  S  E  |x)int  of 
the  ifland,  where  afmail  river  empties  in- 
to the  ocean. 

Sandy  ll'dl,  a  fniall  village  in  N.  York, 
in  the  townfliip  of  Kingfbury,  twrt 
miles  N  of  Fort  Edward,  on  a  high  hill 
at  the  bend  of,  and  overlooking  Hudfon's 
river  from  the  E.  Heie  is  a  poll  otilce, 
454  miles  from  Walliington. 

Sandy  Hook,  or  Point,\(i  the  tOWnfllipof 
Middleton,  N.  Jerfey,  fornis  a  capacious 
harbour,  thence  and  from  the  inlet  pafles 
to  K.  York,  about  25  miles  didant.  F'rom 
Montauk  Point,  on  Long  Ifland,  to  the 
Hook,  is  S  W  by  W  I  W  14  leagues,  and 
then  W  by  S  2a  leagues.  The  pilots  are 
obliged  to  keep  a  ^ood  and  fufhcient 
whaleboat  ready  at  the  Hook.  High 
water,  at  full  and  change,  37  minutes  af- 
ter 6  o'clock.  The  light  houfe,  on  the  N 
point  of  the  Hook,  lies  in  lat.  40  30  N, 
and  Ion.  74  %  W.  At  the  firfl  difcovery 
of  America,  few  or  no  cod  fifh  were  to  be 
found  S  of  the  banks  of  Newfoundland, 
and  Sable  Iflandi  About  30  years  ago 
they  were  difcgvered  off  Sandy  Hook, 
and  they  have  eyer  fince  become  more 
plenty  on  the  filliing  grounds  off  the 
Neverfink,  in  6,  7,  and  8  fathoms  water. 

Sandy  Ifland,  a  fmall  ifland  ofF  the  W 
coafl  pf  the  ifland  of  xlnligua,  about  two 
miles  from  the  fliore. 

Sandy  Point,  the  S  eaftern  extremity  of 
Barnftable  co.  Maflachufetts  ;  called  Point 
Care,  by  Gofnold.  The  courfe  to  Nan- 
tucket light  houfe,  is  S  S  W  3  leagues.  N 
lat.  41  24,  W  Ion.  (i()  2,S- 

Sandy  Point,  in  the  ifland  of  Tobago.  N 
lat.  II  6,  Wlon.  60  37. 

Sandy  Point,  the  mofi:  weflerly  point  of 

the 


SAN 


SAN 


tlic  iHaiuI  of  St.  Chriftopher's  ;  called  alfo 

Bdtates  Point. 

Sandy  Point,  near  the  S  E  part  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Lucia,  and  foi:nTis  the  fouthern 
limit  of  Sandy  Harbour. 

Sur.dy  Point ,  near  the  S  E  point  of  the 
ifjaod  of  Antigua,  on  the  larboard  fide  of 
ihe  opening  into  Willoughby  I3ay. 

S.iwh  PViiit^  the  N  E  point  of  Nantuck- 
et Iflaiid,  on  the  coa(l:  of  MafTachufctts. 
N  lat.  41  23,  W  Ion.  70. 

Sandy  Pointy  a  town  of  ■the  if}and  of  St. 
Chriftopher's,  on  the  S  W  jQde  of  the  ill- 
and,  in  St  Anne's  pariih,  and  in  Fig  tree 
Bay.  It  '^  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  defend- 
ed by  Charles  Fort,  and  JJriraftone  Hill, 
l>oth  near  the  town. 

Sandy  River.      See  Big  Sandy  River. 

Sandy  River,  Maine,  rifes  in  Cumber- 
land CO.  confifts  of  many  fmall  branches  ; 
runs  a  N  E  courft,  and  empties  into  Ken- 
nebeck  river,  at  the  N  W  corner  of  the 
townfliip  of  Starks. 

Sandy  River  Old  To-zvn.      Se.e  TiicomK 

SandyJlon,2.  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfey,  Suf- 
fex  CO.  on  Delaware  river,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Blue  Mountains,  about  11  miles  above 
Walpack,  and  about  as  far  N  VV  of  New- 
ton.     It  contains  519  inhabitants. 

Sanford,  a  poft  town  in  York  co.  Maine, 
l>ounded  SE  by  Wells  and  SWby  Berwick 
and  Lebanon  in  the  fame  county.  Mouf- 
om  River  pafles  tlirougli  Sandford  and 
Great  Works,  which  is  3  north  eafterly 
branch  of  Pifcataqua,  has  its  fource  here 
and  pafTes  into  Berwick.  It  has  1363 
inhabitants. 

Sanfordy  a  townflrip  of  N.  York,  Dutch- 
es CO.  has  2344  inhabitants. 

Sangallan^  or  GcdlaK  Cape,  called  Cangal- 
lan  by  the  Britifli  feamen  ;  is  on  the  coaft 
ofPeru,NNW  of  the  illand  of  Labos, 
and  3  miles  N  W  of  Carette  Ifland.  On 
the  S  fide  of  the  cape  is  a  very  good  har- 
bour, much  frequented  by  the  coafting 
iliips  from  Panama  and  Lima.  Off  this 
cape  it  is  very  bluflering  and  ftormy. 

Sangas,  or  St.  T>i'J£s  Creel,  a  fmail 
ftream  in  U.  Canada,  emptying  itfelf  into 
Uke  Erie,  eaft  of  Sangas  point  ;  it  affords 
H  harbour  for  boats,  having  about  3  feet 
of  water  on  its  bar.  Smyth. 

Sangas  Point,  or  5/.  DufFt point ^OW  the  N 
fliore  of  lake  Erie,  E  of  the  river  Wave- 
ney  ;  U,  Canada  ;  is  the  moft  projedt- 
ing  point  between  the  mouth  of  the  Oufe, 
and  the  north  Foreland.  •     Snyih. 

'Smgerf.cld,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  Che- 
mngo  CO. which  contains  11 44  inhabitants. 

Sa/iguay^  a  famous  mountain  in  the  eaH- 


ern  chain  of  the  Andes,  in  the  jurifdi<Slioij 
of  Macas,  province  of  Quito.  It  is  of  a 
prodigious  height,  and  the  greatcft  part  of 
the  whole  furface  covered  Avith  fnow. 
From  its  fummit  iffues  a  continual  fire, 
and  the  explofions  are  fomelimes  heard 
at  Quito,  though  135  miles  diflant.  The 
country  adjacent  to  this  volcano, is  totally 
barren,  occalloned  by  the  enormous  quan- 
tity of  liones  and  cinders  ejedled  from  th'^ 
mountain. 

San  yuan  de  las  Lanos,  a.  town  of  S.  Amer^ 
ica,  at  the  foot  of  the  niountaine  cf  Pop- 
ayan,  which  h  watered  by  a  head  branch 
of  Oronoko  river. 

Sanpiiil:  Creel.      See  Trenion,  N.  Jerfey. 

San  Aliguel  de  Ibarra,  a  jurifdlc^ion  of 
Peru,  province  of  Quito,  containing  8 
pariflies.  Aloft  of  the  farms  have  planta- 
tions of  fugar  canes  and  cotton.  The 
farms  fituated  in  a  warmer  part  of  the 
jurifdi<rtion  are  fown  with  maize,  v.  heat 
and  barley.  Here  are  alfo  great  num- 
bers of  goats,  hxxt  not  many  flieep.  The 
hidlans  here  weave  a  coiiliderable  quanti- 
ty of  cloth  and  cotton.  The  mines  of 
fait  here  have  fome  mixture  of  nitre, 
which  renders  it  not  fo  proper  for  faking 
meat ;  and  accordingly  that  made  at  Guy^ 
aquil  is  preferred,  though  dearer.  Near 
the  village  of  Mira,  are  great  numbers  of 
wild  afFes,  which  increale  very  faft,  and 
are  not  cafily  caught.  They  have  all  the 
fwiftnefs  of  horfes,  and  afcend  and  de- 
fcend  hills  and  mountains  with  eafe.  But 
the  moft  remarkable  circumftance  related 
of  thefe  animals  is,  that  as  foon  as  they 
have  carried  the  firft  load,  their  celerity 
and  dangerous  ferocity  leave  them,  and 
they  foon  contracSb  tlie  ftupid  look  and 
duUnefs  pecuUar  to  all  the  afUnine  fpe- 
cies. 

San  JVligiiel  de  Ibarra,  the  capital  of  the 
above  jurifdicllon.  It  ftands  on  a  large 
plain  between  two  rivers.  The  parifli 
church  is  a  large  and  elegant  ftruclnre, 
and  well  ornamented.  It  contains  3 
convents,  a  college,  a  nunnery,  and  about 
i2,OGO  fouls.       N  lat.  o  25,  W  Ion.  76  20. 

Sanf'jnate  Port,  or  Sanfonetie,  OXi  tlie.W; 
fide  of  N.  Mexieo,  21  miles  from  the  riv- 
er Maticaloe.  Point.  Remedios  is  th^ 
fouthern  opening  of  the  port. 

Santa,  a  rapid  river,  flowing,  through  a 
valley  of  the  fame  name  in  Peru,  about 
230  miles  N  of  Lira-a.  Itis  near  a  quar- 
ter of  a  league  broad  at  the  place  where  it. 
is  ufually  forded,  which  is  near  the  town 
of  the  fame  name,  forming  5  piincipal 
ftreani",  which  run  during  the  T>rho)e  year 

with 


SAN 


SAN 


with  gfeat  rapidity.  The  Velocity  of  the 
current,  even  when  tl\e  waters  are  low, 
lias  been  found  to  be  a  league  and  an  half 
in  an  hour. 

Santa,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  banks  of 
the  river  of  the  fame  name  on  the  road 
from  Paita  to  Lima,  and  about  ^30  miles 
N  of  that  city.  It  is  inhabited  by  Indians, 
mulattoes,  and  meflizoes,  S  lat.  857  2>^-, 
W  lon.79  30.  It  was  originally  built  on  the 
fea  coail,  from  which  it  is  now  \  a  league 
diftant,  and  was  large  and  populous,  but 
being  pillaged  by  the  Engliili  in  1685,  it 
was  abandoned. 

Santa  Barbary,  on  the  S  fide  6f  the'E 
«ndof  the  ifland  of  Curacoa,  is  the  beft 
harbour  in  the  ifland,  where  the  Dutch 
have  a  town  and  fort. 

Santa  Clara,  an  ifland  iu  the  bay  of  Guy- 
aquiljOn  the  N  part  of  the  coafl  of  Peru. 
From  this  ifland  to  Punto  Arena,  the 
wefternmon;  point  of  Puna  Ifland,  is'  *r 
leagues  E  N  E.  S  lat.  3  30,  W  Ion. 
80  z'^^  ^ 

Santa  Cruz,  a  Danifh  Ifland  in  the  W. 
Indies.     See  Crolx^  St.         \ 

Santa  Crtiz,  a  confiderable  town  In  the 
ifland  of  Cuba,  having  a  good  harbour  Jit 
the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Matauzas,  63 
miles  E  of  the  Hava^hah.'  N'lat:  23  11, 
W  Ion.  815.      '• 

Santa  Cruz^  ov  St.  Croix,  a  .large  iflaud 
lying  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  1850  leagues 
W  of  Lima,  in  S  lat.  10  15,  '!?  E  of  t'^e 
ifland  of  Arfacides,  difcover^d  by  Men- 
dana  in  1595,  and  fince  by  Cartetet  in 
1767,  and  by  him  called  H'&mont  JJland. 
It  is  reckoned  to  be  9001-  "iooleagues  ia 
circumference.  Great  and  unprovoked 
cruelties  were  committed  upon  thefe 
friendly  and  hofpitable  Iflan5ers  by.  Men- 
dana's  nien,  for  which  Mendana  caufed 
two  of  his,  principal  oflficets  to  be  behead- 
ed, and  another  to  be  hartged.  The  na- 
tives of  this  ifland  are  as  black  as  the 
negroes  of  Africa,  their  hair  wOoIly,  and 
flained  with  different  colours.  Their  fa- 
ces and' bodies  are  tattooed.  Their  only 
covering  is  a  leaf  of  a  certain  tree,  their 
ornaments,  arms,  and  boats,  are  not  un- 
like thofe  of  fhe  inhabitants  of  'Tterra 
Aujiral.  The  country  is  fertile  and  very 
populous,  abounding  in  eatable  roots,  6  of 
7  fpecies  of  bananas,  plenty  of  cocoa  trees, 
almonds,  nuts,  chefnuts,  a  fort  of  apple, 
fugar  canes,  ginger,  breadfruit,  &c.  Hogs, 
geefe,  fowls,  partridges,  ring  and  turtle 
doves,  herons, .fwallows,  and  a. great  va- 
riety of  other  birds ;  and  on  the  coafl:  a 
great  plenty  and  variety  of  iifli.     There 


are  here  no  noxious  infers,  wliich  are* 
common  in  other  iflands  of  the  torritf 
zone.  In  a  word,  the  Iflandof  Santa  Cruz, 
and  others  of  the  fame  group,  offer  the 
mofl  valuable  refources  to  navigators  w\\& 
traverfe  the  Great  Pacific  Ocean,  S  of 
the  line. 

Santa  Cruz,  cfe  la  Sierra,  a  large  jufifdic- 
tion  in  the  kingdom  of  Peru,  but  thinly 
inhabited  by  Spaniards.  The  millions  of 
Paraguay  are  in  this  jurlfdicfiion. 

Santa  Cruz  "de  la  Sierra,  the  capital  of  thiT 
above  jurifdisSlion,  fi/tui^ted  at  the  foot  of 
a  mountain;  on  the  banks  of  the  fniall 
river  Guapay,  about  56  miles  N  E  of  I>a 
Plata,  and  near  the  borders  of  Paraguay. 
It  i>  thinly  inhjibited;  the  houfes  are  of 
ftene,  thatched  with  palm  leaves.  The 
valley,  in  which  the  city  flands,  produce? 
all  kinds  of  grain  and  fruits,  and  the  woods 
and  uncultivated  mountains  afford  great 
quantities  of  honey  and  wax.  S  lat.  19 
25,  W  Ion.  62  30.  ' 

Santa  Pe,  a  town  of  New  Mexico,  in  N. 
America  on  the  Ri«  Bravo.  N  lat.  35  32, 
Wlon.  106  15. 

Santa  Fe  liay^  on  the  N  CO  a  ft  of  S. 
America,  W  of  Comana  Gulf. ' 

Santa  Fe  de  Bogota,  the  capital  of  the 
province  of  New  Granrfda,  in  S.  America, 
is  the  iVe  of'  an  archbifliop,  and  the  Teat 
ofan  univerfity.  Near  to  the  city  is  the 
lake  Guatavita,  upon  the  banks  of  which 
the  favages  ^  formerly  facrificed  to  theii"' 
idols;  to  whom  they  offered  much  gokh^ 
and  other  tjiings  of  great  value. '  N  lat.  3 
58,  Wlon.  73   5. 

Sa>itaIJland,Ot  Hdy  Ijland^OXS.  tlie  COaflS 
of  Peru,  is'  oppoiite  to  the  port  of  Ferol 
It  is  3  miles  from'  the  port  and  city  of 
Santa,  and  as  far  from  Ferol,  which  is  eaft- 
ward  of  it. 

Santa  Maria,  a  rivet  of  the  tfthmus  of 
Darien,  navigable  8  or  9  leagues,  and  f<> 
far  the  tide  flows  ;  but  above  that  its  two 
branches  will  only  admit  canoes.  „  It  emp- 
ties into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Michael  m  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  town  of  its  name  is 
about  6  leagues  from  its  mouth  ;  and  is 
confiderable  on  account  of  the  gold  mines 
in  its  neighboulhcod,  which  are  worked 
to  great  advantage,  but  the  country  about 
it  is  low,  woody,  and  very  unhealthy.  N 
lat.  7  30,  Wlon.  8a  ao. 

Santa,  Port,  on.  the  coaft  of  Peru,  Is  N  E 
of  Santa  Ifland,  in  the  mouth  of  a  river  of 
the  fame  name. 

Sa7itj  Martha,  a  province  of  Terra  Fir" 
ma,  S.  America,  bounded  E  by  Rio  ile  la. 
Hacha,  and  W  by  Carthagena. 

Santz 


SAN 


SAP 


Santa  Murio^iilic  capital  of  the  above 
province,  and  the  fee  of  a  bifliop,  was 
formerly  very  populous,  but  is  now  much 
decayed,  occafioned  by  the  Spanilli  fleets 
jiot  touching  there,  ai  formerlv.  I'hcre 
are  large  fait  ponds  4  miles  from  the  town, 
from  which  good  fait  is  extratSlcd  and  fent 
to  the, neighbouring  provinces.  It  ftaiids 
near  the  fea,  at  the  foot  of  a  prodigious 
mountain,  whofe  fummit  is  generally  hid 
in  the  clouds  ;  but  in  clear  weather,  when 
the  top  appears,  it  is  covered  with  fnow. 
In  fome  places  in  the  vicinity  are  gold 
mines,  and  in  others  precious  ilones  of 
great  value. 

Sanic'd,  a  navigable  river  of  S.  Carolina, 
the  largeft  and  longefl  in  that  State.  It 
empties  into  the  ocean  by  7,  mouths,  a 
little  S  of  Georgetown,  about  120  miles  in 
adired-linc  from  its  mouth,  it  branches 
into  the  Congaiec  and  Watcrcc  ;  the  lat- 
ter, or  northern  branch,  pailcs  tlie  Cata- 
baw  nation  of  Indians,  and  bears  the  name 
of  Catabaw  river,  from  this  fetilement  to 
its  fources. 

Suiito  Efp'rltu,  a  captainfliip  of  Brazil, 
!)oundedN  by  the  captaiaflip  of  Seguro, 
and  S  by  that  of  Rio  Janeiro,  from  which 
laftthe  river  Paraybo  feparates  it,  and 
after  a  long  courfe  from  W  to  E,  empties 
into  the  ocean,  in  lat.  21  30  S.  This 
government  is  the  moft  fertile,  and  bed 
furnilhed  with  all  forts  of  proviiions  of 
any  in  Brazil  ;  having  alfo  an  incredible 
quantity  of  fiHi  and  game.  Its  low  lands 
being  interfected  by  a  great  number  of 
rivers,  are  very  fruitful  ;  and  the  high 
grounds  are  covered  with  forefts  of  large 
trees.  Here  are  three  rivers  in  Brazil, 
called  Parayba,  or  Paraiba,  viz.  one 
which  gives  its  name  to  a  captainfliip  al- 
ready defcribed ;  the  fecond  is  that 
abovementioned,  and  the  third  empties 
into  the  ocean  between  Cape  St.  Vincent, 
and  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

Sanio  Efperitu^  the  capital  of  the  above 
captainfliip,  and  indeed  the  only  town  in 
it,  is  lltuated  on  the  S  fide  of  a  large  bay 
on  the  eaftern  coafl:  of  Brazil,  about  9 
miles  from  tJie  fea.  It  has  a  caflle  in  ruins, 
but  no  fortifications,  and  contains  about 
900  inhabitants.  Here  are  two  monaf- 
terics  and  a  college.  The  port  is  a 
fmall  bay,  opening  to  the  E,  interfered 
with  many  fmall  iflands.  On  the  top 
of  a  mountain,  at  fome  diftance  from  the 
town,  is  a  large  white  tower,  called,  by 
the  Portuguefe,  Noflra  Senhora  de  Pena, 
and  near  it  a  fmall  church,  furrounded 
with  a  wall.       At  the  foot  of  the  moun- 


tain^  ^are  (till  to  be  feen  the  melancholy 
remains  of  a  place  once  called  Villa  Vcja, 
or  the  Old  City.  S  lat.  20  36,  W  Ion.  39  56. 

Santos,  a  town  in  the  captainfliip  of  St. 
Vincent,  in  Brazil,  feated  on  a  river  9 
miles  from  the  fea,  which  is  there  a  mile 
broad,  and  five  fatlioms  deep.  It  is 
defended  by  a  rampart  on  the  fide  next 
the  river.  It  is  alfo  guarded  by  two  caf- 
tles,  one  on  the  S  fide,  and  the  other  in 
the  middle  of  the  town,  Vt-hich  contain* 
250  inhabitants.  It  has  a  parifli  church, 
a  nionaflery,  and  a  college.  S  lat.  24  26, 
W  Ion.  /j2  30. 

Saonui  or  Saone,  a  fmall  ifland  near  the 
S  E  part  of  the  i(land  of  St.  Doniingo.  It  is 
about  8  leagues  from  E  to  W,  and  2  from 
N  to  S.  Its  circumference  is  nearly  25 
leagues.  It  lies  E  of  St.  Catherine  111- 
and ;  and  at  each  of  its  titrer.iitics,  E 
and  Vv'"  is  a  mountain,  and  there  is  a  third 
at  a  point  about  the  middle  of  the  fouth- 
ern  iide.  lliefe  mountains  at  once  fliel- 
tcr  and  water  it,  and  temper  the  air. 
Tlie  Indians  called  this  ifland  Adamanoy^ 
and  had  a  particular  cacique,  who  was 
fovereign  of  the  illand,  independent  of 
thofe  of  St.  Domingo.  His  lubjetSts  de- 
voted theriifelves  to  commerce  with  the 
Spaniards,  to  agriculture,  to  cultivation  of 
grain  and  fruits.  Thty  furniflied  enough 
for  the  confumption  of  the  city  of  St.  Do- 
mingo, and  for  provifioning  feveral  expe- 
ditions, going  from  that  port.  Some 
Caftilians  having  caufcd  the  cacique  to 
be  eaten  by  a  dog,  this  ai2:  of  cruelty  be- 
came the  caufe  of  a  quarrtl,  and  the  Span- 
iards having  exterminated  the  unfortu- 
nate inhabitants,  formed  fettlements  on 
their  little  ifland.  It  is  furrounded  with 
banks  and  breakers,  except  at  the  weflern 
part ;  but  there  is  a  pallage  for  fmall 
barks,  between  its  N  fide,  and  the  main  of 
the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  The  ifland 
and  its  port  are  a  flielter  for  the  mariners 
failing  in  this  part  who  here  find  water, 
wood,  and  wild  cattle,  all  which  are  in 
abundance.  It  is  impoffible  to  have  an 
idea  of  the  vall  quantities  of  birds,  and 
particularly  of  wood  pigeons,  that  are 
feen  here.  The  eaftern  point  of  the 
ifland  lies  in  lat.  18  9  N,  and  Ion.  71  11 
W  of  Paris. 

Sapa  St.  Michael  de^  a  village  in  the  val- 
ley of  Arica,  in  the  province  of  Charcos, 
in  Peru.  It  is  a  fmall  place,  but  famous 
for  the  quantity  of  Guinea  pepper  pro- 
duced in  its  vicinity.  It  will  not  thrive 
in  mountainous  parts,  but  is  cultivated  in 
the  vallies.  The  inhabitants  of  this  vil- 
lage 


SAR 


S  AS 


Inge  fell  annually  no  Icfs  than  80,^06 
cruwns  worth ofit.  Slat.  17  30, W  Ion. 78  10. 
Sapdo^-A.  village  of  Geoigia, Liberty  co. 
oppolite  to  the  found  and  illand  of  that 
name,  6  miles  S  of  Sunhruy. 

Supouies,  Indians  wlio  inhabit  on  a  N 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river.  Warriors 
30.      Sec  Miu^liys. 

F>aramdcha^  a  river  in  Surrinam. 
.Saranac,  a  river  of  N.  York,  which  rifes 
fromfeveial  large  lakes  among  the  moun- 
tains W  of  l^ake  Champlain,  and  after  a 
N  E  courfc  of  70  miles,  enters  the  Lake 
at  Plattlburgh  It  has  fevcral  rapids 
foi.nd  which  ire  carryingpaths;  it  abounds 
with  various  fpecies  of  iia. 

Saratoga,  a  oounty  of  the  State  of  N. 
York,  bounced  E  and^N  by  Hudlbn  riv- 
er, wltich  feparates  it  from  Renuelaer  and 
WalTiingtou  counties,  and  fc'  by  Mohawk 
river.  It  has  been  cftablilhcd  fince  1790, 
and  is  divided  into  8  townfliips,  viz. 
Greenfield,  Ballflown,  Charlton,  Half 
Moon  Milton, Saratoga, Galway, andStill- 
water,  [See  St'dhvatcr^  and  contains  6889 
inhabitants. 

Sural'jgu,  or  Saravhtoga,  a  toWnfliip  in 
the  above  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Hudlbn  R. 
36  miles  N  of  Albany.  It  contains  2411 
uihabitants.  It  will  ever  be  renowned  in 
hiliory,  as  the  place  \vherc  the  Britilli 
General  Burgoyne,  furrendered  his  whole 
army  to  General  Gates,  Oct.  17th,  1777, 
an  event  whi>  h  greatly  contributed  to  a 
favourable  iflue  of  the  war.  This  town  is 
alfo  famous  for  its  m.edicinal  waters,  called 
the  Saratcra  Springs.  They  are  10  miles 
from  Ballrtov^n,  in  a  fliallow  vale  or  marfli, 
in  feveral  refpcCls  rcfembiing  that  of 
Ballflown.  Thefe  waters  appear  to  have 
received  flronger  impregnation  of  the  fame 
kind  of  ingredients  that  enter  thofe  of 
Ballflown,  and  may  be  a  flrcam  of  the 
fame  fountain  running  through  :he  fame 
kind  of  calcareous  earth.  One  of  thefe 
fprings  is  covered  over  by  a  natural  cre- 
tacious,  or  rather  calcareous  pyramid, 
about  five  or  fix  feet  high.  This  hollow 
pyramid,  or  core,  has  a  hole  in  the  lop 
about  fix  inches  over.  If  we  look  into 
this  hole  we  fee  t'lc  mineral  water  boil- 
ing vehemently  like  a  por  ove:-  the  fire  ; 
the  water  is  neverthekfs  intenfely  cold, 
and  is  faid  to  be,  in  evtry  refpecl,  fmart- 
er  than  that  at  Ballflown.  The  calcaro-  j 
ous  matter  extends  for  feveral  rods  from  | 
the  bafis  of  this  pyramid.  Dr.  Seaman  of  | 
N.  York,  examined  thefe  waters  in  1795.  ! 
His  experiments  fhew  that  each  quart  { 
contains  about  ao  cubic  inchc^  of  creta- 
Vol.  I.  Z  z  z  '■ 


:  clous  acid;  5    1  grains  mineral    alkali  j 
'  34  6  common   marine   fait ;  38     derated 

lime  ;  i  7  aerated  iron  ;  and  a  fulphureous 
I  impregnation.  He  believes  the  v/ater 
'  ufeful  in  (lone  and  gravelly  complaints, 
I  chronic  rhcumatifmsjdifpepiia,  and  fome 

other  long  (landing  complaints  of  debility, 
;  and  likewife  in  old  phagedenic  ulcers  and 
'  fcorbutic  affections  alio  dyfentery,  all 
i  cutaneous  eruptions,  and  probably  may 
:  be  ufcfui  in  fcrophula.     He  doubts  their 

being  uieful  in  hypc.chondriafis  and  other 
'•  nervous  afFedtions,  alfo.  in  confumption=;, 
!  as  fixed  air,  which  is  the  predominant 
j  agent  in  the  operation  of  thefe  waters, 
j  has  been  found  pre;udicial  in  phthifical 
\  complaints.     The  foregoing  esperinicnt* 

were  made  before  the  Cungrefs  Springs 
.  v/cre  difcovered.  Probably  thefe  fpringj 
j  contain  fome  new  ingredients,  as  they  are 

found  reflorative  in  cafes  of  aflhm.a  and 
;  phtliihc.      Some    chryflals     have     been 

found  at  this   place,   fpecimens  of  which 

have  been  depoUted  in  the   Mufcura  of 

Yale  College. 

Sarc/o,a  cape  on  the  coafl  cfN.  Spain, 

^nd  in  the  N.  Sea. 

SareSIo,  the  chief  town  of  Duplin  co. 

N.Carolina,  on  the  iSf  E  branch  of  Cape 

Fear  river,  which  afTords  v.^ater  for  rafts 

to  the  town.       It  contains  a   court  houfe, 

gaol,  and  about  20  houfc's.  It  is  130  miles 
j  above  Wilmington,  N. 


Sarena,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  in  S.  Amer- 


I  ica,  S  lat.  29  40,  W  Ion.  71  rj. 

j       Sarin/jaym,  a  river  on  the  S  E' coafl  of 

j  Brazil  ;  and  oppofite  the  ifland  of  Alexo, 

:  which  is  W  of  Cape  St.  Augufline. 

I         Siirmiento,  IJlands-,  Pedro  de,  in  the  SoutK 

I  Pacific  Ocean,  are  thought  to  be  the  fame 

;  as  the  Duh  of  York's  Jftands ^  northward  of 

Ij  the  W   end  of  the    (traits  of  Magellan. 

j  They  lie  in  about  lat.  50  S,  and  are  about 

;  80  in  number. 

I         Sarrnillc,  Of  S.'rrar.slla,  flioals  ofFthe  ifl- 

i  and  of  Jamaica,  25   leagues   W  of  Pedro 

j  Shoals,  and    37   W    of   Portland    Point, 

I  The  middle  of  them  He   iii  lat.  16   10  N, 

i  and  Ion.  80  a5  V/. 

j       Sartinc  Jjles-,  a  name  givento  feveral  cluf- 

j  ters  of  illes  on  the  N.  W.  coaft  of  N.  Amcr- 

I  ica,  S   of  Cape  Hcitor,       They  produce 

j  neither  tree  nor  ilirub. 

Si}Jk,itchiivh!e,  a  rlver  of  N.  America 
Avhich  rifcs  above  lat  54  N,  Ion.  1 14^  W, 
paifing  through  Mud  lake  and  Ced.irlake, 
is  navigable  nearly  to  its  fourcc,  and  emp- 
ties its  waters  mto  Winipie  lake.  A  few 
miles  from  th?  lake  it  has  rapids  for  three 
milcij  where  ic  is  about  a  mils  v/ide.    The 

S  bank 


S  AU 


S  A  V 


3  bank  is  of  rock  more  than  50  feet  high. 
At  the  foot  of  the  falls  is  an  excellent 
fttirgeon  fiiliery.  On  this  river  the  Eng- 
lifli  have  5  factories  for  trading  with  the 
natives.  Among  thefe  are  the  Nepawi, 
Knilleneaux,  Stone  Indians,  Afliniboins, 
and  fome  others.     See  Winipeg  lake. 

Sajfufras.di  fmall  navigable  river  of  Ma- 
ryland, w^hich  rifes  in  Delaware  State, 
und  runs  we  ft  ward  into  Chefapeak  Bay. 
It  feparates  Kent  co.  from  that  of  Cecil, 
and  has  the  towns  of  Frederickftown, 
Georgetown,  and  SaiTafras  on  its  banks. 
Satiila^  Great  and  Little^  two  rivers  of 
Georgia,  which  fall  into  the  ocean,  in 
Camden  co.  between  the  Alatamaha  and 
St.  M;iry's  rivers. 

Saiu-on,  Upper  and  Lozvcr,  townfliips  in 
Northampton  co.  Pennfylvania. 

Saiihies,  or  Stiikles,  an  Indian  tribe  refid- 
ing  at  Bay  Puan,  in  tlie  N,  W.  Territory,, 
near  the  Minomanies. 

Saunders  Ijl.vul,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  ocean, 
one  of  the  fmall  illands  which  furround 
the  Faulkland  Ifles. 

SaunJ/rs  IJland,  in  South  Georgia,  in  the 
S.  Atlantic  Ocean.  S  lat.  57  59,  W  Ion. 
26  54- 

Saunders  IJland,  called  by  the  natives 
Tapoamanao,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
reckoned  one  of  the  Society  Iflands.  When 
Port  Royal  Bay  at  Otaheite  is  S  70  45  E, 
diftant  6t  miles,  this  ifland  bears  S  S  W, 
Slat.  17  28,  W  Ion.  151  4.  It  is  about 
two  leagues  long. 

Saunderfvllle^  a.  town  in  Waflilngton  co. 
Georgia. 

Saura,  Louver  Toivn,  is  on  the  S  fide  of 
Dan  river,  N:  Carolina.  It  was  former- 
ly the  chief  town  of  the  Saura  Indians. 

Saura,  Upper  Toivn,  an  ancient  and  well 
peopled  town  of  the  Saura  Indians  in 
Stakes  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  Dan  river. 

Saieteitrs  le  Mornedes,  OV  Leapers  Hill.,  Z. 
precip'cenear  the  river  Sautcurs,  at  the 
N  end  of  the  iiland  of  Grenada.  After 
the  year  1650  die  "French  gradually  exter- 
mmatcd  theCharaibes-;  near  this  place  they 
butchered  40  of  them  on  the  fpot ;  and 
40  others,  who  had  efcaped  the  fword, 
threw  themfelves  headlong  into  the  fea 
from  this  precipice,  and  miferably  perifli- 
ed.  A  beautiful  young  girl,  of  iz  or  13 
years  of  age,  who  was  taken  alive,  became 
the  object  of  difpute  between  two  of  the 
French  ofHcers,  each  claiming  her  as  a 
lawful  prize,  when  a  third  of  thofe  white 
iavages  put  an  end  to  the  conteft,  by 
Ihooting  the  girl  through  the  head. 

Stiut,Long,  oppofitc  the  third  townfliip 


on  therlver  St.  Lawrence,  U,  Canada,  is  the 
gl-eateft  rapid  on  this  river.  The  cur- 
rent runs  with  great  velocity  ;  very  few 
accidents,  however,  have  happened  in 
palling  this  rift,  there  being  no  fudden 
fall  in  it,  except  at  the  foot  of  the   Saut. 

Smyil). 

Saiiags,   a   fmall    river    of    Maryland, 

which  runs  fouthward  through  Allegha- 

nyco.  and  empties  into  the  Patowm.ac  W 

of  George's  Creek.      Its  mouth  is  ai  miles 

S  W  of  Fort  Cumberland,  and  48  S  E   of 

the  mouth  of  Cheat  river.       Boats  carry- 

1  ing  lO  tons   can  reach  Alexandria  in  4  or 

j  5  days,  but  will  Cake  double  the  time  to 

return. 

Swjage  Creek,  z  fmall  bay  on  the  N  W 
coafl:  of  Newfoundland,  near  the  weftern 
entrance  of  the  bay  of  'Mouco,  and  20 
leagues  N  E  of  Cape  Ferroi. 

Swjage  IJland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
about  ;^T,  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  inhabited 
by  favages.  It  ii^  overrun  with  bullies, 
and  has  no  port.  S  lat.  19  2,  W  Ion. 
169  3C. 

Saiiagc  IJland,  Great,  in  Hudfon's  Straits. 
N  lat.  6z  25,  W  Ion,  70.  High  water,  at 
full  and  change,  at  10  o'clock. 

Savage  I/land,  Lotver,  in  the  fame  ftraits, 
has  high  water  at  full  and  change  at  9. 
o'clock.     N  lat.  61  48,  W  Ion.  66  20. 

Savage  Point,  Upper^  on  the  N  fide  of 
Hudfon's  Straits,  S  E  of  Cape  Charles, 
and  helps  to  form  the  ifland  of  Good 
Fortune. 

Savage  Sound,  a  pafl'age  in  the  N  part 
of  the  Welcome  Sea,  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  in- 
to Repulfe  Bay.     It  is  but  little   known. 
Savage's   P<Ji,  at   the  Rocklanding,    ic 
miles  below  the  Falls  of  Oconee  river. 

Savannah,  ■3.  hA.-^  at  the  E  end  of  thc 
ifland  of  Antigua,  a  little  W  of  Indian 
Creek. 

Savannah      Channel,     towards     the    S    E 

point  of  the  S  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Jamai- 
ca, W  of  Port  Morant  Harbour. 

Savannah,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft  town 
of  Georgia,  and  formerly  the  metropolis 
of  the  {lat«,  in  Chatham  co.  on  the  S  fide 
of   thc  river  Savannah,  on  a  high  fandy 
blnff,  17  miles  from  the  ocean.     Veficis 
unload  a  part  of  their  cargo  4  miles  be- 
low, as  there  is  but  14  feet  water  in  thc 
river  at  the  town.     Tlie  town  is  regular- 
ly built,  in  the  form  of  a  paralleiogram,  . 
and,  including  its  fuburbs,  contained,  in 
1787,  about   2,300  inhabitants, of  whom 
about  80  or  90  were  Jews.     About  300 
1  houfes  were  confumed  by  fire  in  the  fall 
1  of  1796.     I'he  exports  fur  one  year,  cnd- 
1  in» 


S  AV 


SC  A 


iiig  the  30th  September,  1794,  amounted 
to  the  value  of  263,830  dollars.  This  ci- 
ty was  bravely  defended  by  the  Britiflt 
general  Prevoft,  againft  a  fuperior  force, 
headed  by  Count  d'Eftaingatid  Gen.  Lin- 
coln. The  allies  made  a  fatal  and  unfuc- 
cefsful  attack  on  the  i8th  of  Odlober, 
1779,  when  they  were  obliged  to  retreat, 
after  having  from  icoo  to  1200  men 
killed  and  wounded.  It  is  129  miles 
N  by  E  of  St.  Mary's,  132  S  W  by  S  from 
Augufta,  925  in  a  like  direcStion  from 
Philadelphia,  and  6s3  from  Wafliington. 
N  lat.  32  3,  W  Ion,  81  24. 

Sa-Jiumuh  Eitiery  divides  the  flate  of 
Georgia,  from  that  of  S.  Carolina,  and 
purfues  a  coiir fe  nearly  from  N  W  to  S  E. 
It  is  formed  chiefly  of -two  branches,  the 
Tugelo  and  Keowee,  which  fpring  from 
the  mountains,  and  unite  under  the  name 
of  Savannah,  15  miles  N  W  of  the  north- 
ern boundary  of  Wilkes  co.  kis  navigable 
for  large  velfels  17  miles  up  to  Savannah, 
and  for  boats  of  100  feet  keel  to  Augufta. 
After  a  fall  juft  above  this  place,  it  is  paiF- 
able  for  boats  to  the  mouth  of  Tugelo 
river.  After  it  takes  the  name  of  Sa- 
vannah, at  the  confluence  of  the  Tugelo 
and  Keowee,  it  receives  a  number  of 
tributary  ftreams,  from  the  Georgia  iJde, 
the  principal  of  which  is  Broad,  river. 
Tybec  Bar,  at  the  entiance  of  Savannah 
river,  has  16  feet  water  at  half  tide.  Ty- 
bee  light  houfe  lies  in  lat.  32  N,  and  Ion. 
8 1  10  W,  and  from  thence  to  Port  Pvoya! 
is  6  leagues  N  E  ^  E.  The  flood  in  this 
river  was  To  great  in  Feb.  1796,  that  the 
water  rofc  ^s  feet  above  its  ordinary  lev- 
el, and  9  feet  4  inches  higher  than  was 
ever  knewn  before.  In  Augufta,  the 
ftreets  were  plied  by  boats  which  could 
carry  15  tons. 

Savannah  Ri'ver,  Little,  falls  into  thcgulf 
of  Mexico,  N  W  of  St.  Jofeph's  Bay. 

Sa'vannah  la  Afar^  at  the  E  end  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  is  a  fetllement  on 
the  S  fide  of  the  bay  of  Samana,  oppofite 
the  city  of  Samana  on  the  N  fide,  and  lies 
between  the  bay  of  P-earls,  (which  is  an 
excellent  port)  and  the  Point  of  Icaque. 
It  has  its  governor  and  red:or,  and  is  fit- 
uated  at  the  end  of  a  plain,  which  is  more 
thsn  lo  leagues  from  E  to  W,  and  4  wide 
from  N  to  S.  'I'he  city  of  Samana  and 
this  town  were  both  begun  in  1756,  and 
together  do  not  contain  more  than  500 
fouls.  The  anchorage  here  is  only  fit  for 
fmall  vefiels.  Shallows  and  breakers  ren- 
der the  navigation  very  dangerous  be- 
tween this  and  the  point  of  Icaque,  47^ 
leagues  diftant. 


Sa*va;wa/j  la  Mar j  on  the  S  fide»of  th<? 
Ifland  of  Jamaica,  in  Cornwallis  county, 
has  good  anchorage  for  large  vefftls.  It 
was  almoft  entirely  deftroyed  by  a  dread- 
ful hurricane  and  inundatiom  of  the  fca, 
in  1780.  It  is  now  partly  rebuilt,  and 
contains  from  60  to  70  houies.  It  bears 
from  Eluefield's  Point  W  by  N  IN  about 
3  leagues.     N  lat.  18  12,  W  Ion.  78  6. 

Saverio,  a  cape  or  point  on  the  N  coafl: 
of  S.    America,  on  that  part  called  the 
Spanifli   Main.  ..Between  it  and  the  ifl- 
and Barbarata  is  the  opening  to  the  ifland 
j  of  Bonaire. 

Savil/a,  St.  a  fmall  town  of  Georgia,  ($4 
}  miles  S  of  Savann.ih,  and  65  N  of  St. 
i  Mary's. 

j       Savoy,  a  lownfliip  in  Bcrklhire  co.  Maf- 
j  fachufetts,  incorporated  in  1797.     Inhab- 
itants 43c, 

Sa-:vv.'f's  Ferry,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  N. 
Carolina,  14  miles  from  Nixonton. 

Sa'wyer's,X)T  Affcradores^  Jf.anJ,  on  theW 
coaft  of  Mexico  ;  is  fmali,  and  has  on  its 
S  E  fide  a  fmall  creek  of  its  name,  which 
boats  can  only  enter  at  high  water.  It  is 
12  miles  from  the  Ear  of  Realejo. 

Saxapabatv,  the  upper  part  of  the  N 
W  branch  of  Cape  Fear  river,  in  N.  Car- 
olina. It  is  formid  by  Aramanciie  and 
Deep  rivers,  and  it  is  laid  may  be  made 
navigable  for  boats  about  50  miles. 

Saxegotba,  a  village  in  S.  Carolina,  on 
the  fouthern  bank  of  Congaree  river  ; 
-about  48  miles NVV  of  Augufta,  in  Georgia, 

Saxtons  River,  in  Vermont,  empties  in- 
to the  Connedlicut  at  Vv'eftminfter. 

Saybrooky,  a  poft  town  of  Connecticut, 
'Middlefex  CO.  on  the  W  lide  of  the  mouth 
of  Coanecbicut  river,  acrofs  v/hich  is  a 
ferry,  on  the  road  leading  to  New  Lon- 
don. It  is  36  milts  E  of  New  Haven,  18 
V/  of  New  London,  and  367  from  Waili- 
ington.  This  is  the  mod:  ancient  town 
in  the  ftate,  liaving  been  fettled  by  Mr. 
Fenwick  in  1634,  who  gave  it  its  prei- 
ent  name  in  honor  of  Lord  Say  and  Seal 
and  Lord  Brook.  It  has  3363  inhabitants. 

Scarborough,  a  poft  town  of  Maine,  in 
Cumberland  co.  on  the  fca  coaft,  between 
Pepperelborough  and  Cape  F.Ii>:abtth. 
It  was  iacorporated  in  i6j8  :  contains 
2099  inhabitants  ;  lies  113  miles  north- 
erly of  Bofton,  and  6co  from  Walliington.. 

Scarborough  'Toivnfiip,  noted  for  its  high 
banks,  is  in  the  E  riding  of  the  co.  of 
York,  U.  Canada,  and  lies  W  of  the 
townfliip  of  Pickering,  fronting  lake 
Ontario. 

Scarborough'  Co-jc,  in    the    harbour   of 
Chtbu<5to, 


SCH 


SCH 


Chcbudto,  on  the  fouthern  coaftof  Nova 
Scotia,  is  on  the  middle  of  the  W  fide  of 
Coriiwallis  Ifland.  It  is  3  or  6  furlongs 
broad,  and  nearly  the  fame  in  depth. 

Scarborough,  a  town  and  fort  in  the  ifl- 
and of  Tobago,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

Scaroon.^LaJeey  in  Wallnngton  CO.  N.  Jer- 
fcy,  has  a  pofl:  office,  and  lies  491  miles 
from  Wailiington. 

ScarfJaU,  a  townfliip  in  W.  Clicfterco. 
N.  York,  bounded  W  by  Bronx  R.  and  S by 
N.Rochelle.     It  contains  258  inhabitants. 

Scjtari,  a  fmali  uninhabited  iiland  on 
the  eaftcrn  coaft  of  Cape  Breton.  It  is 
about  6  miles  long  and  a  broad.  It  fervts 
as  a  flietler  to  a  bay  from  the  E  and  S,  call- 
ed Mcnadou,  or  Panadou  Bay.  N  lat. 
46  3,  W  Ion.  59  iS'  ^^  ^^^s  formerly 
called  Little  Cape  Breton. 

Scauyace,  a  river  of  N.  York,  which  if- 
i'lies  from  the  N  E  corner  of  Seneca  Lake, 
and  feparating  the  townfhips  of  Romulus 
and  Junius  on  the  N,  empties  into  Cayu- 
ga lake. 

Schatccole,  a  lOAvnfliip  of  N.  York,  in 
llenflelaer  co.  N  of  Lanhnburg.  It  has 
.Z352  inhabitants. 

8cbacadcro,  a  fmall  village  on  the  Ifth- 
mus  of  Darien  ;  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Santa  Marie,  on  a  rif- 
ing  ground,  open  to  the  Gulf  of  St.  Mich- 
ael. It  has  a  fuie  rivulet  of  freili  water, 
and  ferves  as  a  place  of  refrefliment  to 
the  miners.  The  frefli  breezes  from  the 
fea  render  it  very  healthy.  N  lat.  7  50, 
W  Ion.  825. 

Schlojfcr  Fort,  or  Slnjber,  in  the  ftate  of 
K  Yoi  k,  is  on  the  eallern  fide  of  Niagara 
river,  near  the  celebrated  falls,  on  the  N 
bank  of  a  bend  of  the  river,  and  oppofite 
to  the  N  W  end  of  Navy  Ifland. 

SJjo/ac,  a  townfliip  in  Reniielaer  co.  N. 
York,  taken  from  Renflelaerwick,  and  in- 
corporated in  1795.  It  is  14  miles  S  E  of 
Albany  ;  and  has  3688  inhabitants. 

Schocnbrtinn,  or  the  JBeautifid  Sjiring,  one 
of  the  caflernmoft  fettlements  of  the  Mo- 
ravians on  Muikingum  river.  See  Cnad- 
cnhnetUn.  This  fcttlement  of  Chrillian 
Indians  was  eflabiiflicd  in  i772,on  a  tracl 
of  land  granted  by  the  Delaware  tribe. 
Jn  1775,  the  chapel,  which  could  contain 
^00  people,  was  found  too  fmall  for  the 
Jiearers,  who  came  in  great  numbers.  It 
\vas  fituated  about  70  miles  from  Lake 
Erie,  and  75  W  from  Fricdenftadt.  It  had 
a  good  fpring  ;  a  fniall  lake  ;  good 
planting  grounds  ;  much  game  ;  and  ev- 
ery other  convenience  for  the  fuppoxtof 
aa  Indian  colony.    It  appears  that  a  large 


fortified  Indian  town  formerly  flood  herf ; 
fomc  ramparts  and  the  ruins  of  three  In- 
dian forts  being  ftill  vifible,  Tiie  Deia- 
wares  granted  to  the  Chriflian  IndiRns 
all  the  tratfl  from  the  entrance  ot  Grkel- 
muckpecliucnk  Creek  into  the  Mullein- 
gum,  to  Tufcarawi.  This  thriving  fettie- 
nient  was  deftroyed  ini/Sz,  wiicn  the 
Huron  Indians  carried  the  inhabitants  to 
Sandufky  ;  and  when  thefe  peactabie  In- 
dians were  permitted  to  return  to  reap 
their  harveft,  they  were  cruelly  butchered 
by  the  American  fettleri,  while  praifing 
God  and  forgiving  their  enemies.  Con- 
grcf?,  in  Sept.  1788,  granted  4000  acres  of 
laud  here  to  the  fociety  of  the  United 
Brethren  for  the  purpolc  of  propagating 
the  gofpel. 

Schoharie,  a  CO.  of  N.  York,  taken  from 
Albany  and  Otfego  counties,  and  incor- 
porated in  1795.  The  land  is  variegated 
with  hills  ;  is  in  general  fertile  and  well 
I  watered  by  Schoharie,  Cobus  Kill,  and 
!i  fevcral  other  ftreams.  The  county  is 
I  bounded  N  by  Montgomery,  S  by  Ulfter, 
I  E  by  Albany,  and  W  by  Otfego.  By  a 
law  palled  17th  March,  1797,  this  county 
I  was  divided  into  the  fix  following  towns, 
'  viz.  Schoharie,  Middleberg,  Blenheim, 
Briftol,  Coblefkill,  and  Sharon.  It  con- 
tains 9808  inhabitants.  "  Perhaps,  (fays 
a  traveller,)  there  is  not  a  more  aflonifli- 
j  ing  inftance  of  petrifaction  in  the  weliern 
'  world,  than  is  to  be  feen  about  half  a  mile 
S  E  from  the  court  houfe  in  Schoharie 
county.  It  is  a  hill,  whofe  fizc  ainioft  en- 
titles it  to  the  appellation  of  a  mountain, 
which  may  be  pronounced  a  mere  mafs 
of  petrified  fliells.  I  went  to  the  top  of 
the  hill  which  is  fome  thoufand  feet 
higher  than  the  ground  where  the  court 
houfe  ftands,  and  examined  the  rock  as 
I  went  up,  and  then  along  the  top  of  the 
ridge  for  one  mile.  The  rock  is  general- 
ly covered  with  a  thin  foil,  but  lies  bare 
a'l  dilferent  intervals,  not  far  diflant  froni 
each  other,  in  its  whole  extent ;  and  in 
fome  places  projedls  from  the  ground  ten 
or  twelve  feet.  Every  inch  of  the  lock 
exhibits  petrified  fliells  in  their  perfea 
form.  In  one  place  I  broke  off  a  piece 
of  the  rock,  in  a  deep  filTure.  10  feet  from 
the  furface  of  the  lock,  and  found  it  to  be 
of  the  fame  compofition.  Wherever  the 
rock  IS  expofed  to  the  fun,  it  refembles 
brimftone  ;  where  it  is  hid  from  the  fun,  it 
is  dark,  coarfe  and  rough.  It  feems  to  be 
compofed  wholly  of  river  fliells  ;  I  could 
find  no  oyfter  fliells.  There  is  one  thing 
particularly  worthy  of  remark.  Although  it 

is 


SCH 


S  C  I 


is  a  ridge  fo  tlevated,  that  no  water  of  a 
petrified  quality,  or  othervvife,  can  polii- 
blv  run  there,  I  law  a  bench  of  niols, 
winch  a  gentleman  had  found  there  per- 
fectly pctfilicd."  Balance. 

S^ijoharuy  the  principal  town  in  the 
above  CO.  is  on  Schoharie  Creek  or  river, 
and  is  one  of  the  wealthieft  ijiland  farm- 
ing towns  in  the  ftatc.  The  inhabitants 
are  1696,  chiefly  Dutch.  It  is  between  30 
and  40  miles  W  of  Albany. 

S.hoh.trie  River,  runs  a  northerly  courfe 
of  about  bo  miics  from  tlie  Kaats'  Kill 
Mountains,  and  emptie«  into  Mohawk 
river  at  Jbort  Hunter.  Tlie  wtftern 
branch  01  tliis  river  is  called  Cobus  Kill. 
On  the  E  fide  of  Cobus  is  the  fettlement 
of  its  name. 

Hchooduck.  See  Frcuchir.ais  Eay^  and 
ScooJick, 

Scuuylcr^Fort,  Ncu,',  in  the  townlliip  of 
Rome,  ftands  on  the  W  lide  of  Mohawk 
river,  7  miles  W  ot  Whiteftown. 

Sc/juylcr,  Fort,  OU,  is  on  the  S  fide  of 
Mohawk  river,  3  miles  E  N  E  of  the 
compaA  part  of  WhiteRown,  and  20  a- 
bov'c  the  German  flats.     Sec' Uirca. 

Schuyu-r^'A  townfliip  of  N.  York,  Herke- 
mer  co.  between  Moh?.\vk  river  and  Can- 
ada Creek,  20  miles  above  the  town  of 
German  Flats.  It  contains  963  inhabit- 
ants.     It  was  incorporated  in  1792. 

Schuyler'' s  Fake,  in  N.  York,  is  10  miles 
W  01  Lake  Otfegu.  It  is  9  miles  long, 
and  4  or  5  broad. 

Schuylkill,  a  river  of  Pennfylvania, 
which  ifes  N  W  of  the  Kittatinny  Moun- 
tains, through  which  it  pafles  into  a  fine 
champaign  country,  and  runs,  from  its 
iburee  upwards  of  120  miles  in  a  S  E  di- 
rection, and  palling  through  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  falls  into  the  Delaware, op- 
polite  Mud  IHand,  6  or  7  miles  below  the 
city.  It  will  be  navigable  from  above 
Reading,  83  or  90  miles  to  its  mouth, 
when  the  canal  begun  at  Norriton  is 
completed.  This  will  pafs  by  the  falls, 
and  alfo  form  a  communication  with  the 
Delaware  above  the  city.  There  arc  3 
floating  bridges  thrown  acrofs  it,  made  of 
logs  faftened  together,  and  lying  upon 
the  water,  in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia. 
A  bridge  of  this  river,  conllfting  of  a  wood- 
en arch  refting  on  two  ftone  piers,  it  is 
expe(5led  will  be  completed  in  the  courfe 
oftheyear  1804,  Itisat  the  Wend  of  Mar- 
ket ftreet.  It  is  a  work  of  great  cxpenfe 
and  enterprifc.  The  weftern  pier  is  at 
bottom  30  feet  broad  and  71  feet  6  inches 
in  its  extreme  length;  its  ends  bsing  fimi- 


circnlar.  This  pier  is  of  folld  mafonrv, 
and  has  72.50  tons  in  its  loundaiion,  wliieJt 
is  29  feet  below  low  water  mark.  It  was 
begun  on  Chriftmas  day,  and  in  40  days 
from  neccliity  completed.  Litile  ScuylkiU 
Ri'ver  falls  into  this  river  from  the  N,  at 
Reading.  On  the  head  waters  of  Sciiuyl- 
kill  are  quantities  of  coal. 

Scioto  Rivar,  which  falls  iuto  the  Ohio, 
in  the  ftate  of  Ohio,  is  larger  than  the 
Hockhocking,  and  opens  a  more  exrenfivc 
navigation,  it  is  pai]'al)le  tor  large  barg- 
es for  2CO  miles,  with  a  portage  ol  onl\  4 
miles  to  the  Sandulky,  a  boat-:ibIe  water 
which  falls  into  lake  Erie.  Through  the 
Sandufky  and  Scioto  lies  the  molt  com- 
mon pals  from  Canada  to  the  Ohio  and 
Miihlippi  ;  one  of  the  molt  txtenfive  and 
ulcful  communications  to  be  lound  in  any 
country.  Prodigious  extcnlions  of  ter- 
ritory are  here  conuc6ttd  ;  and,  from  the 
rapidity  with  which  the  weftern  parts  of 
Canadit,  Take  Erie,  and  the  Kentucky 
countries  are  fettling,  we  may  anticipate 
an  immenfe  intercourle  between  them. 
The  flour,  corn,  flax  and  hemp,  raifed  for 
exportation  in  that  great  country  between 
the  Lakes  Huron  and  Ontario,  will  find 
an  outlet  through  Lake  Erie  and  ihclc 
rivers,  or  down  the  Millifippi.  'Jhe  O- 
hio  merchant  can  give  a  higher  price 
than  thofc  of  Quebec  for  thcfe  connnod- 
ities  ;  as  they  may  be  traniported  troni 
the  former  to  New  Orleans  and  the  Wcfl: 
Indies,  with  lefsexpenie,rifk  andinfurance 
than  from  the  latter  ;  white  the  cxpenfe 
from  the  place  of  growth  to  the  Ohio 
will  not  be  -^  of  what  it'.vouid  be  to  Que- 
bec, and  much  lei's  than  even  to  the  Onei- 
da Lake.  The  ftream  of  the  Scioto  i& 
gentle,  no  where  broken  by  falls.  At 
fome  places,  in  the  fpring  of  the  year,  it 
overflows  its  banks,  providing  for  large 
natural  rice  plantations.  Salt  fpringSj 
coal  mines,  white  and  blue  clay,  and  free- 
flone,  abound  in  the  country  adjoining 
this  river.  Its  mouth''is  in  N  lat.  38  40, 
W  Ion.  83  30  ;  about  300  miles  below 
Pittfburg,  and  is  navigable  to  its  fourcc 
in  canoes. 

Sciotoy  a  county  in  the  ffate  of  Ohio. 

Scip'io^  a  poft  town  of  N.  York,  Onon- 
dago  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Cayuga  Lake, 
14  miles  S  E  of  Geneva,  39  SW  by  W 
of  Onondago,and  448  from  Wafliington. 
This  townfliip  was  incorporated 'n  1794, 
,  and  comprehends  that  part  ol  the  land* 
referved  to  the  Cayuga  nation  ol  Indians, 
on  the  E  fide  of  the  Cayuga  Lake.  The 
county  courts  of  Onocdago  co.  are  held 


SCO 


8'E  A 


at  IManlius  and  Sc^pio  alternately.  The 
•lands  :irc  Very  ftjt:ile.  Tlie  courts  are 
■It  prcfent  held  in  the  pleafant  village 
•  ©f  Aurnr.: ,  on  the  bank  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

Sc't'i<!if,  H  noil  town  of  ?vIh  iTaciuifcttSjOn 
t!)e  bny  cv'  tii.-i  n;;.rnc,  in  Plyincmih  co. 
30  milts  S  F  of  Bi)!tv)ii.  It  was  incorpo- 
rnted  in  16;,  7,'Hnd  contains  2728  tniiab- 
itants.  Scituate  h;irbour  is  N'W  of 
Marlhficid  Point,  and  S  S  E  of- the  Had- 
dock Rock,  and  about  16  miles  north- 
ward of  Plymouth,  in  the  dirctSVioa  of  t'le 
huid.  Aniillpond  in  this  town  bring  fud- 
denly  drawn  off  by  a  iire;ich  in  the  dam, 
in  the  winter  feal'on,  fomc  years  ago,  ex- 
hibited a  matter  of  fpeculation  to  maMy 
of  tlie  inliabitants.  'I'hc  fwine  of  the 
neighbourhood  rooted  up  houfe  fwallows 
in  great  quantities,  from  the  fpot  which 
the  water  had  left,  which  they  ate  greed- 
ily, Swallows  have  been  found  in  leve- 
ral  other  places  ;  at  Egg  Harbour,  in  N. 
Jerfey,  in  a  marfhy  place,  a  large  cedar 
being  blown  down,  a  vafl:  number  of 
fwallows  were  found  in  the  mud  of  the 
root. 

Sciti'atc,  a  townfliip  of  Rhode  Ifjand, 
Providence  co.  between  Fofier  and  John- 
fton.  It  contains  'iS'^i  inhabitants.  It  is 
27  miles  N  W  of  Newport,  and  11  S  W 
by  W  of  Providence.  On  the  line  which 
feparates  the  town  from  Kent  eo.  on  the 
S,  is  the  foundery  for  cannon  and  bells, 
culled  the  Hope  Furnace. 

Scoodick^  a.  river  of  Wafliington  co. 
Maine.  It  is  properly  an  arm  of  the  in- 
ner bay  of  Paflamaquoddy.  De  Mons  and 
Champlain  called  it  Etchemin?.  Its  main 
fource  is  near  Penobfcot  river,  to  which 
the  Indians  have  a  communication  ;  the 
carrying  place  acrofs  is  but  3  miles. 
Scoodick  lakes  lie  in  a  chain  between 
Scoodiek  and  Penobfcot  livers. 

Scotch  Pluitu^  a  village  in  EfTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  a  N  E  branch  of  Rariton  river, 
between  W^efttield  and  Turky  ;  11  miles 
W  of  Elizabeth  "^lown,  and  as  far  north- 
vard  of  N.  Brunfwick. 

Scotland,  Neck,  a  village  of  N.  Carolina, 
Halifax  CO.  where  is  a  pofl  office,  396 
miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  ajo  from 
Walliington. 

Scotland  Neiv,      See  Nova  Scotia. 

Scotland  Rkidr,  in  the  ifland  of  Barba- 
vdoes,  is  fcarcely  deferving  notice,  other- 
-wife  than  being  almofl  the  only  rivulet  in 
'the  iiland,  except  St.  Jofcph's,  another 
.fmall  brook.  It  rifes  in  St.  Andrew's  par- 
j^fli,  and  fills  into  Long  Eay  on  the  E  fide 


:  of  the  ifland,  %\  miles  N  W  of  St.  Jofeph's 
W    river. 

8co^',  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  which  contains 

I   7659  inhabitants  of  whom  1787  are  flaves. 

A  fpring  of  fait  v»^ater  has  lately  been  dif- 

covered  in  this  co.  after  digging  and  boring 

more  than  70  feet.  Lefs  than  200  gallons 

of  its  water,  make  a  bufliel  of  fait. 

I       Scots  Bay,  on  the  S  W  coaft  of  the  ifland 

of  Dominica,  towards  the  S  extremity  of 

■  the  ifland.     It  lies  in  St.  Martin's  parifli, 

I  having  Scots  Head  on  the  S,  and  Vaugh- 

an's  Point  on  the  N. 

Scots  Cove,  on  the  SW  part  of  Jamaica  I. 
i  Scottfourgh,  a  poft  town  in  Halifax  co. 
:  Virginia,  i^d  miles  from  Wafliington. 
I  Scoivhegan  Falls,  in  Kennebeck  river, 
I  Maine,  are  near  the  town  of  Canaan. 
I  Boats  cannot  paA  this  fall. 
I  Scrivati,  a  good  harbour  on  the  E  fide  of 
:  thelflhrnus  of  Darien,  but  fo  full  of  rocks 
I  at  the  entrance,  that  none  can  pafs  it  with 
j  fafety,  but  fuch  as  are  acquainted  there. 
j  It  is  3  leagues  W  of  Sanballet  Point,  and 
I  17  E  of  Porto  Bello.  N  lat.  9  40,  W  Ion. 
I   78  49- 

j  Scrfuen,  a  CO.  in  the  lower  diftricSt  of 
;  Georgia.  It  contains  3019  inhabitants,  of 
j  whom  766  are  ilaves. 

!         Scroon,  or  Scarean  Lake,  in    N.  York,    ligs 
'  W  of  Lake  George,  and  is  a  dilatation  of 
,  the  N  branch  of  Hudfon's  R.    It  is  about 
\  12  miles  long  and  i  wide.     A    fmall  but 
:  rapid   ftream     enters   into  it,   which,  in 
Montgomery    co.  runs  under   a  hill,  the 
bafeof  which  is  60  or  70  yards  diameter, 
forming  a  mofl:  curious  and  beautiful  arch 
;  in  the  rock,  as  white  as  fnow.     The  fury 
of  the  water  and  the  roughnefs  of  the 
bottom,  added  to  the  terrific  noife  within, 
;  has  hitherto  prevented  any  perfon  from 
,  pafling  through  the  chafm. 
j       Scrub  Iiland,  one  of  the  fmaller  Virgin 
I  Illands,  W  of  Virgin  Gorda,  and  E  of  the 
i  N  end  of  Tortola,  on  which  it  depends. 
j  N  lat.  18  25,  W  Ion.  62  Si- 
Scull  Camp,  2l  poll  town  in  Surry  co.  N. 
I  Carolina,  410  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Seabrook,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
I  Rockingham  co.  on  the  road  from  Portf- 
i  mouth  to  Newburyport ;  about  16  miles 
)  S  of  the  former,  and  6  northerly  of  the 
j  latter.  It  was  formerly  part  of  Hampton ; 
j  was  incorporated  in  1768,  and  contains 
1  628  inhabitants. 

j       Seakonnet  Point  and  Rods,  the  S  extrem- 
I  ity  of  the  eaftern  fliore  which  forms  the 
j  entrance  of  Narraganfet  Bay,  Rhode  Ifl- 
I  and  ;  uboat  6  mileb  E  S  E  of  Newport. 
;  Seal 


Seal  IJland^  Machias^  on  the  COafl:  of 
Maine.  From  thence  to  Grand  Manan 
Wand  the  cOuife  is  E  N  E  a  leagues ;  and 
to  Matinicus  Ifiand  W  S  W  a6  leagues. 
N  lat.  44  27,  W  Ion.  66  52 

Seal  River  y  in  New  North  Wales,  runs 
w  to  Hudfon's  Say,  into  which  it  emp- 
ties eaftward  of  Moofe  river. 

Sea  Otter  Sound,  on  the  N.  W.  coafl:  of  N. 
America,  lies  S  E  of  the  Hazy  Klands, 
N  lat.  ss  18,  W  ion.  i;,;,  47  30. 

.S<?.7;r/5«ro/',  atownfiiip  of  Vermont,  Ben- 
nington CO.  12  miles  E  of  Bennington. 
Seavay's  Jjland.      See  Pcif cat  aqua  river. 
SebacOy  an    ifland  on   the   W   coaft   of 
Mexico,  12  mile-i  N  of  Point  Mariat,  and 
45  N  E  of  Quicara. 

Sebacook,  or  Seba^^'o,  a  pond  or  lake  of 
Maine,  i8  miles  N  W  of  Portland,  is 
c.]uii\  in  extent  to  2  large  towniliips,  and 
is  connected  with  Long  Pond  on  the  N 
W  by  Sungo,  or  Songo  river.  The  whole 
extent  of  thefe  waters  is  nearly  30  miles 
N  W  and  S  E. 

Sebar'ana,  one  of  the  principal  mouths 
of  Oronoco  river  that  is  navigable  for 
{liips. 

Sebafcodengan  Ifland.  See  Ilarpf-well. 
Sebujlaccjk,  a  river  of  Maine,  that  rifes 
in  lalces  nearly  N  from  its  mouth  ;  and 
in  its  windings  receives  many  tributary 
sireams,  and  joins  the  Kennebcck  at  Ta- 
connet  Fail,  where  Fort  Halifax  was  ere6l- 
in  1754.  The  fall  is  18  miles  from  Fort 
Weiiern,  which  was  built  in  1752.  Its 
numerous  ftreams  abound  with  fmall  fifli, 
as  alewives,  &c. 

Sebajllaiiy  Cape  St.  the  eafiiern  point  of 
the  Gulf  of  Darien,  on  the  coafl:  of  the 
Spanilli  Maine,  is  10  leagues  from  the 
weftei-n  point  of  Cape  Tiburon.  Here 
was  formerly  a  city,  which  was  abandon- 
ed on  account  of  its  unwholefome  fitua- 
tion. 

Sehafiiauy  Cope  St.  on  the  coaft  of  Cali- 
fornia.    N  lat.  43,  W  Ion.  126. 

Sebapan,  St.  fituated  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Rio  de  Janeiro,  lat.  23  S,  is  the  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and 
contained  in  1796,  according  to  a  cenfus 
then  taken  96,000  inhabitants,  four  fifths 
of  whom  were  blacks  and  people  of  mix- 
ed colour.  The  vice  king  of  Brazil  re- 
fide,  here.  This  city  is  regularly  built, 
its  ftreets  of  lO  feet  wide  crofs  each  other 
at  right  angles.  The  l^oufes  are  two  and 
three  ftorles  high.  The  k)wer  one  is  ufed 
for  ftores  ftables  &c.  The  people  uni- 
formly dwell  on  the  fecond  rloor.  This 
place  has  more  commerce  than  any  in 


Brazil.  None  but  pleafure  carriages  are 
ufed  here.  The  truckage  &c.  is  done  by 
negroes.  Forrefx. 

Sebjfiian  IJlcind,  St.  on  the  coafl:  of  Bra- 
zil, is  S  W  by  W  from  the  bay  of  Angra 
dos  Reys  ;  to  the  eaftward  of  which  are 
feveral  other  illands  of  lefs  note.  S  lat. 
2254,  W  \<m.  43  II. 

Sebafiiaii,  St.  a  town  of  Terra  Flrma,  oa- 
the  E  fide  of  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Scbafic.,1  River,  St.  or  Spanljh  Ad;r}rrJ.*s 
Creek,  on  the  E  coaii  of  E.  Florida,  has 
communication  with  Indian  river.  Oppo- 
^\ie  this  river  the  admiral  of  the  Plate 
Fleet  periflied  in  1715.  The  reft  of  the 
fleet,  14  in  •number,  were  loft  belwcen 
I  this  and  the  Beach  yard. 

ScbajVtan  de  la  Plat~i,  a  fmall  place  in  t!ie 
jurifdiclion  of  Popayan,  in  the  province 
of  Quito,  6  miles  N  E  of  Popayan.  It 
ftands  on  a  lar^e  plain  on  the  bank  of  the 
river  Galli,  and  is  fubject  to  earthquake.*. 
There  are  filver  mines  in  its  vicinity.  N 
lat.  3  44,  W  Ion.  74  I. 

Sebo/t,  fmall  ifiand-i  on  the  coaft  of  Cape- 
Breton,  oft' the  S  point  of  Port  Dauphin. 
Secas  IJlanJs,  or  Dry  Jfands,  on  the  \V 
coaft  of  N.  Mexico,  are  within  Bahia  Hon- 
da, or  Deep  Bay,  and  12  miles  from  Point 
Chiriqui,  the  limit  of  the  bay. 

Sedmra,  a  town  of  Peru,  lo  league.*!  S 
of  Piura,  on  the  bank  of  a  river  of  its 
own  name,  a  league  from  the  ocean.  It 
contains  about  400  faiiiliies,  all  Indian^  ;^ 
chicHy  employed  in  fifliir.g  or  driving 
mule.-i.  They  are  remarkably  ingenious, 
and  generally  fucceed  in  whatever  they 
undertake-  The  Befert  of  Scchura  is  a 
frightful  wafte  of  fand,  extending  y:> 
leagues  to  the  town  of  Morope  ;  which 
fee.     S  lat.  5  32  33,  W  Ion.  79  4^- 

Secklotig,  a  town  of  N.  Spain,  on  the 
Mofquito  fliore,  on  the  N  W  fide  of  the-" 
mouth  of  Golden  river;  about  too  miles 
fi'om  Cape  Gracias  a  Dios. 
1  Sed,  Cape,  a  promontory  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  1 8  lestgues  from 
the  Havannah. 

Sed'^iuicl,  a  tovvnfliip  of  Maine, Hancock 

CO.  on  Nalkeag  Point,  which  bounds  Pe- 

,  nobfcot  on  the  N  E.     It  extends  up  ro  the 

'  town  of  Penobfcot,  and  is  t^x^  miles  N  E 

;  of  Bofton.     It  has  726  inhabitants. 

I       Seckhonk  River,  is  the  name  of  that  part 

I  of  Pawtucket    river    below     Pawtncket 

j  bridge  and  falls  ;  from  which  to  its  mouth 

at  Fox  Point,  in  the  town  of  Providence, 

is  a  little. more  than  4  miles.       O'ccr   it 

are  2  bridges,   conne<fting  Rhode  Ifliind, 

I  with  the  State  of  Maflachivreni,  vir.  India 

bridge,.'- 


S  EN 


SE  R 


^>ridge,  and  three  fourths  of  a  mile  above 
that,  Central  bridge.      See  Paivtucht. 

Sceivee  Bay,  or  Bull's  Harbour,  on  the 
coafl  of  S.  CaroHna,  lies  nearly  at  an 
equal  diftance  S  W  of  Cape  Roman,  and 
N  E  of  Charleflon  Entrance,  having  fever- 
al  iiles  which  form  tiie  bay. 

Scirovia,  Netv,  a  fmall  city  in  the  jurif- 
dicltiou  of  Guatimala,  in  New  Spain,  30 
miles  N  of  New  Granada.  It  has  fev- 
€ral  gold  mines  in  its  neighbourhood, 
though  the  city  is  fmall  and  thinly  inhab- 
ited.     N  iat.  12  42,  Wlon.  87  31. 

Si'^ruatarifia.      See  Chequetaii. 

Se^ii/n  /jlitftd,  on  the  coalt  of  Maine,  is 
one  of  the  fouthernmofl:  ifhmds  in  Cafco 
Eav ;  between  Cape  Small  Point  and 
Georgetown.  There  is  a  light  houfe  on 
this  illand  which  contains  a  repeating 
light,  fo  conftructcd  as  to  difappear  once 
every  minute  and  a  half,  whichdiltinguifh- 
cs  it  from  Portland  light.  It  is  furround- 
cd  by  rocks,  rifes  boldly  from  the  fea  into 
a  high  hill,  2  or  3  miles  from  the  main. 
N  lat.  43  41,  W  Ion.  69  20. 

Scgitra  lie  la  Fronteruy  a  large  town  in 
the  province  of  'Plafcala,  and  kingdom  of 
Mexico,  70  miles  W  of  Xalappa,  and  in 
the  road  from  Vera  Cruz  to  Mexico. 
I'he  furrounding  country  has  a  temper- 
ate air,  and  is  remarkably  fruitful,  pro- 
ducing large  quantities  of  corn  and  fruits, 
particularly  grapes.  N  lat.  19  28,  W 
Jon.  100  10. 

Sjfxhjules,  a  d'vifion  of  the  Creek  nation 
of  Indians.  'J  hey  inhabit  the  flat,  level 
country  on  the  rivers  Apalachicola  and 
Flint.       See  Calos. 

Scnpronius,  a  port  town  of  N.  York,  near- 
]y  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of  Ononda- 
go,  is  20  miles  S  E  from  the  ferry  on  Cay- 
uga Lake.  It  is  within  the  juriidid:ion 
of  the  townfliip  of  Scipio  and  457  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Seneca,  a  towu  of  N.  York,  Onondago 
CO.  lately  laid  off  into  ftreets  and  fquares, 
on  the  N  fide  of  Seneca  Falls.  The 
enterprihng  proprietors  have  ercdled 
f.our  and  faw  mills,  of  the  beft  kind,  on 
this  never  failing  ftream  ;  and  from  its 
central  fitup.ticn,  both  by  land  and  water, 
between  the  cuftern  and  weflern  coun- 
tries, being  at  thecarryingplace,  it  promif- 
tts  a  rapid  increafe.  'I'he  proprietors 
have  expended  large  fums  of  money,  not 
only  in  erecting  mills,  but  in  building  a 
convenient  bridge  acrofs  Seneca  river. 

Suneca  Creeiy  in  Maryland,  has  two 
branches ;  one  of  which  is  called  Little 
^neca.       It  empties  lat©  Eatowmac  riv- 


er, about  19  miles  N  W  of  the  mouth  of 
P^-Ock  Creek,  which  feparates  George- 
town  20  from  Waflnngton  city. 

Seneca  Lake,  in  Ontario  CO.  N.  York,  is 
a  handfome  piece  of  water  from  t,^  to  40 
miles  long,  and  about  2  miles  wide.  At 
the  N  W  corner  of  the  lake  (lands  the 
town  of  Geneva,  and  on  the  E  hde  be- 
tween it  and  Cayuga,  are  the  towns  of 
Romulus,  Ovid,  Hcdlor  and  Ulyflcs,  in 
Onondago  co.  N.  York.  Its  outlet  is 
Scayace  R.  which  alio  receives  the  waters 
of  Cayuga  Lake  9  miles  N  E  from  il'e 
mouth  of  Canada  Saga,  18  miles  below 
Geneva.  On  the  fame  fide  of  the  lake 
ftands  the  Friend's  fett lenient,  founded 
by  Jeniima  Wilkinfon  ;  there  are  So  fam- 
ilies in  it,  each  h;^s  a  fine  farm,  and  are 
quiet,  induflrious  people. 

Seneca  Ri-ver,\n  the  State  of  N.  York, 
has  an  eafterly  courfe,;ind  in  its  paffage 
receives  the  waters  cf  Seneca  and  Cayu- 
ga lakesj  (which  lie  N  and  S  10  or  12  miles 
apart;)  and  empties  into  the  Onondago 
river,  14  miles  below  the  falls,  at  a  place 
called  the  Three  Rivers.  The  river  is 
boatable  from  the  lakes  downwards. 
Within  half  a  mile  of  the  river  is  the  fa- 
mous Salt  Lake. 

Senecas,  a  tribe  of  Indians,  one  of  the 
Six  Nations.  They  inhabit  on  Geneflee 
river,  at  the  GenefTce  Caftle.  The  tribe 
conhfl:s  of  about  1780  fouls.  They  have 
two  towns  of  60  or  70  fouls  each,  on 
French  Creek  in  Pennfylvania,  and  anoth- 
er town  on  Buflaloe  Creek,  and  two  fmall 
towns  on  Alleghany  river. 

Senter  Harbour .^  in  the  N  W  part  of 
Lake  Winnipifcogee. 

Separation  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of  ATagel- 
lan,  is  3  leagues  within  Cape  Pillar,  at 
the  W  end  of  the  Straits,  and  lies  W  of 
Tuefday  Bay. 

Serenuy  La,        See  Coquimbo. 

Seregippc,  a  captainfliip  of  Brazil,  fo 
named  from  a  river  of  the  fame  name,  run- 
ning through  the  middle  of  it,  and  falling 
into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  11  I2  S. 
It  is  bounded  N  by  the  river  St.  Francis, 
and  S  by  that  of  Todos  los  Santos.  It 
produces  fugar  and  tobacco  in  confidera- 
ble  quantities. 

Sercgippe,  the  capital  of  the  above  cap- 
tainfliip,  with  a  harbour  on  the  S.  Allan- 
tic  Ocean,  40  leagues  N  E  of  St.  Salvadore. 
It  is  lituatedon  a  rifing  ground  on  the  N 
fide  of  Vazabaris  river,  33  miles  from  the 
fca.  It  is  very  inconfiderable  ;  but  has 
fome  fdver  mines  in  its  neighbourhood. 
S  lat.  II  20,Wlon.  31  2. 

Scrpentf 


SE  V 


S  HA 


Serpeiii,  le,  is  Oil  the  N  fliore  of  lake  Hu- 
ron, and  lies  E  of  MifTaflaga  river,  and  W 
oi"  I  lie  la  Cloche. 

Serrana,  an  ifle  between  Jamaica  and 
the  coaft  of  Nicaragua,  which  took  its 
name  from  one  Sen-ana,  \yho  parted  with 
the  fleet  from  Spain,  in  the  time  of  Charles 
V.  and  was  fnipwrecked  on  the  rocks  of 
this  ifland  ;  but  having  gained  the  lliore 
by  fwimming,  he  found  there  neithe.r 
herbs,  trees,  nor  water,  and  went  over  all 
the  iiland,  which  is  about  6  niilcs  in  cir- 
cuit, without  finding  an)V  thing  to  quench 
thirft  or  fatlsfy  hungCi",  PrelTed  at  laO: 
with  extreme  hunger,  he  ,  caught  fome 
crabs  en  the  fliore,  which  were  his  fuod 
for  fome  days  ;  and  then  ieeiag  large  tur- 
tles which  came  afliore,  he  caught  fome 
of  them.  Having  lived  for  three  year'> 
in  this  manner,  on  crabs  and  turtles,  and 
drank  nothing  hut  rain  v/ater  which  he 
gathered  in  turtle  fliclls,  he  difcovered 
another  companion  in  misfortune,  who 
had  alfo  been  (liipv/recked.  This  compan- 
ion was  fome  comfort  to  him,  and  they 
lived  four  years  together ;  at  the  end  of 
which  time,  a  veflel  ccjraing  near  the  iil- 
and, carried  them  both  to  Spain.  The 
1  alt  of  thefe  died  on  the  way  thither  ;  but 
Scrrana  was  carried  to  Germany,  and  pre- 
fented  to  Charles  V  as  a  kind  of  prodigy, 
for  all  his  body  was  overgrown  with  hair 
like  a  bear,  and  his  beard  came  down  to 
his  waift.  The  emperor  beflowed  on 
him  4800  ducats  to  be  paid  in  Peru  ;  but 
he  died  on  his  way  to  Panama,  as  he  was 
going  to  receivethem. 

Siifeiu^  Q^iiiifi,  a  river  of  the  N.  W.  Ter- 
ritory, which  empties  through  the  weft- 
ern  bank  of  Illinois  river,  about  180  miles 
from  the  Miflifippi.  Its  mouth  is  40 
yards  wide  ;  and  the  land  bordering  on 
it  is  very  good.       It  is  boatable  60  miles. 

Ss-ven  Brothers,  fmall  iilands  on  the  N 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo.  They 
He  oppoiite  the  mouth  of  Monte  Chrill 
river,  or  Grand  Yaqui.  They  have  oe- 
calioned  feveral  wrecks,  and  prove  a  fliel- 
ter  to  privateers. 

Seven  IJlands  Bay,  on  the  N  iide  of  the 
river  St.  Lawrence  ;  25  leagues  from  tlie 
W  end  of  the  iiland  of  Antlcoftr,  and  in 
hit.  50  20  N.  It  was  one  of  the  French 
ports  for  trading  v/ith  the  Indians,  and 
has  a  very  fecurc  harbour  for  lliips  in 
any  wind. 

Severn  Rk)er,  convey?,  the  waters  of  lake 
Simcoe,  from  the  northern  extremity  of 
that  lake  into  the  head  of  Gloucefter  bay, 
and  harbour,  lake  Huron.  S/f!yth.  ' 

Vol,  I.  Aaua 


Severn,  a  fmall  river  of  Maryland,  of 
Hiort  courfe,  which  runs  S  E  to  Chefapeak 
Bay.  It  panes  by  Annapolis  city  on  the 
N  and  empties  into  the  bay  about  a  mile* 
below  the  city. 

Severn,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales, 
which  purfues  a  N  E  cofarfe,  and  enters 
Hudion's  Bay  at  Severn  Houfe,  which 
is  1 60  miles  E  of  York  Fort. 
.  Sevier,  a  county  of  TenelTee,  Hamilton 
diftritSt.  It  contains  3419  inhabitants, 
of  whom  1.^2  are  T>egroes. 

Sivier  Flue,  a  poft  town  and  capital  of 
Sevier  co.  TeneHee,  S55  miles  from  Waflx* 
ington. 

Sevilla  Nueva,  a  town  which  was  found- 
ed by  the  famous  Efquivel,  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  ifland  of  Jamaica  ;  a  little  to  the 
weft  ward  of  Maimiiee  Bay,  and  the  fpot 
which  had  been  honored  by  the  relidence 
of  Columbus,  after  his  ihipwreckin  1505. 
It  is  now  called  Seville  Plantation  ;  and 
the  ruins  of  the  ancient  tov/n  are  ftill 
vifible  in  fome  of  the  cane  fields. 

Sexuee  Bay,  or  Bull's  Harbour,  on  the 
coaft  of  S.  Carolina,  is  S  W  of  Cape 
Carteret.  The  long  and  narrow  iiland 
called  Racoon  Keys  is  between  Ci'pe  Car- 
teret Ifland  and  the  entrance  to  tiiis  har- 
bour, which  is  at  the  N  E  end  of  Bull's 
Iiland.        See   See-wee. 

Seybo,  or  Seyvoy  a  fetilement  in  the  S  E 
part  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  on  the 
upper  road  from  Higuey  to  St.  Domingo 
city  ;  18  leagues  W  by  N  of  the  former, 
and  24  N  E  of  the  latter.  It  is  alio  la 
leagues  N  of  the  httle  ifland  of  St.  Cath*. 
erinCjOntheS  coaft  of  the  main  iiland. 
It  is  not  that  founded  in  1502,  by  John  of 
Efquivel,  but  a  fettlement  formed  in  the 
fame  canton  about  60  years  ago  by  fever- 
al graziers,  and  has  a  place  of  worfliip. 
Towards  the  year  178011  had  augmented, 
but  is  now  falling  to  decay.  ■  -The  parifh 
contains  more  than  4CCo"'perfons  ;  the 
greatcft  part  of  whomare  graziersor  herdf- 
men,  free  negroes  or  people  of  colour. 

Sbackhford,  a  poft  town  in  King  William 
CO.  Virginia,  143  miles  from  Waili- 
ington. 

Shcfifjury,  a  confidcrable  and  flouriil:- 
ing  pott  town  of  Vermont.  It  has  Ar- 
lington on  the  N,  and  Bennington  on  the 
S,  and  contains  i  895  inhabitants. 

Shag  Ijland,  near  the  entrance  into 
Chriftmas  Sound,  on  the  3  coaft  of  th-a 
ifland  of  Terra  del  Fuego.  Tlie  entrance 
to  Port  Gierke  in  this  found  is  juft  to  th'j 
N  of  fome  low  rocks  which  lie  off  a  poiri.-: 
of  Shag  Ifland. 

ShalU^ 


S  HA 


SHE 


Shalloiv  Fard,  Is  that  part  of  TenefTee 
river  which  is  i  aoo  yards  broad ;  12  miles 
above  the  Whirl.  It  Ues  between  Chat- 
anuga  and  Chickaugo  rivers,  which  fall 
in  from  the  S  E. 

Shalloxv  Water,  Point,  on  the  N.  W.coafi: 
of  N.  America,  lies  in  lat.  6;^  N.  Be- 
tween this  point  and  Shoal  Nefs,  which 
is  3  degrees  of  lat.  to  the  fouthward,  Capt. 
Cook  d'd  not  explore  the  coaft,  on  account 
cf  the  llialloiv  water  he  m^t  with. 

Sbambe,  a  fniall  river  of  W.  Florida, 
wliich  empties  into  Penfacola  Bay.  It 
admits  lliallops  foine  miles  up,  and  boats 
upwards  of  50  miles. 

Sha7nokin,  a  former  Moravian  fettle- 
ment,  ahttle  below  the  town  cf  Sunbury, 
in  Pennfylvania. 

Shamohln  Creek,  runs  weflward  into 
Sufquehcinnah  river,  a  mile.  S  of  Sunbury, 
in  Pennfylvania. 

Shanh  JJland,  was  difcovered  in  l8C2, 
in  lat.  a8  S,  Ion.  163  E,  It  is  5  or  6 
leagues  from  N  to  S,  in  length  from  E  to 
W  not  quite  fo  much.  Cocoa  trees  were 
obferved  on  the  Ifland. 

Shannock  Country.  See-  Rhode'  JJland 
State. 

Shannon  Riocr,  U.  Canada,  empties  into 
the  bay  of  Quinte  10  or  la  miles  above, 
the  Mohawk  fettlement. 

Shapld'^h,  a  pofl:  town,  Maine,  York  co. 
at  the  head  of  Moufom  river  ;  bound- 
ed on  the  W  by  Pifcataqua  River  and 
the  line  of  N.  Hampfliire.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1785,  contains  1778  inhabit- 
ants, lies  108  miles  N  of  Bofion,  and  579, 
fjom  Walhlngton. 

Sharon,  a  towniliip  of  Vermont,  V/ind*- 
for  CO  E  of  Royalton,  and  W  of  Norwich 
on  White  river.  It  contains  1168  inhab- 
itants. 

Sharon,  a  townfiiip  of  Maflachufetts, 
Norfolk  CO.  10  mile,  S  W  of  Bofton.  It 
was  taken  from  Stoughton,  and  incor- 
porated in*  1765.  It  contains  ioi8  in- 
habitants. 

Sharon^^  poii  town  of  Connecticut,  in 
Ijitchfield  co.  bounded  E  by  Cornwall, 
from  which  it  is  feparatedby  Houfatonic 
river,  and  W  by  the  E  line  of  N.  York. 
It  is  about  12  miles  N  W  of  Litchfield  and 
contains  2340  Inhabitants. 

Sharon,  a  village  in  Georgia,  about  5 
miles  from  Savannah.  In  this  place,  jufl: 
at  the  clofe  of  the  war.  Gen,  Wayne  was 
attacked  in  a  furious  manner  by  a  l:ody 
of  Cherokee  Indians,  headed  by  a  Britifli 
officer.  They  fought  hand  to  hand 
nunfuUy,  and  took  a  pieces  of  artillery. 


But  Gen.  Wayne,  at  the  hazard  of  his  otnt? 
life,  gained  the  victory.  * 

Sharon,  a  new  town  in  Schoharie  co, 
N.York,  incosporated  in  1797,  having. 
2655  inhabitants. 

SharkJioivn,\n(^\xecn  Ann's  CO.  Mary-- 
land.     See  Kent  County. 

Sharpjhurg,  a  pofl  town  of  Maryland, 
Walliington  co.  about  2  miles  from  Patow- 
mack  river,  and  nearly  oppolire  to  Shep- 
herdftown,  in  Virginia,  at  the  mouth  of 
Shenandoah  river.  It  contains  a  clmrch, 
and  about  250  houfes.  It  is  9  miles  N 
N  W  of  Williams  port,  69  W  by  N  of  • 
Baltimore,  181  W  S  W  of,  Philadelphia, 
and  75  from  WaihingtonJ 

Shaivanee,  and  Shavanon,  the  former 
tlie-  Indian,  and  the  latter  the  French 
name  of  Cumberland  river,  in  TenefTee. 

Sbaivancfe,  ov  Sharvanoes,  an  Indian  na- 
tion, great  numbers  of  v/hom  have  joined 
the  Creek  confederacy.  They  have  4 
towns  on  the  Tallapoofee  river,  contain- 
I  ing  300  <>/arriors  ;  and  more  are  expecfted 
to  remove  thither.  By  the  treaty  of  peace, 
Aug.  3,  1795,  the  United  States  agreed  to 
pay  to  this  tribe  a  fum  in  hand,  and 
1000  dollars  a  year  for  ever,  in  goods. 
They  inhabit  alfo  on  Scioto  river,  and 
a  branch  of  the  Mufkingum,  and  have 
their  hunting  ground^ between  Ohio  river' 
and  Lake  Eric.  They  are  generally  of  a 
fmall  fize,  rather  handfome  in  their  fea- 
tures, and  are  a  very  cheerful  and  crafty 
people.  Counfelling  among  their  old 
people,  and  dancing  among  their  young 
men  and  women,  take  up  a  great  part  of 
their  time. 

Shaivnefe  To'wnjhip,  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Chenal  ccarte,  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  river  Sinclair,  U.  Canada. 

Shaxvangunh,  a  pofl  town  in  Ulfler  CO. 
N.  York  ;  bounded  eaAerly  by  Newburgh 
and  Marlboro'  and  foutherlyby  Mont- 
gomery and  the.  Platta  Kill.  It  con- 
tains 2809  inhabitants.  It  is  20  miles 
from  Goilien,  and  12  from  new  Paltz. 

Shaivfieen,  a  conilderable  flream  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  which  rifes  in  Bedford,  Mid- 
diefex  CO.  and,  pafhng  through  Billerica, 
Tewkfbury  and  Andover,  empties  into 
Merrimack  river. 

Sheha  JJland.        See  Saba. 

Shecatica,  a  bay  of  very  irregular  fhape 
and  breadth,  on  the  coafl  of  Labrador,  N. 
America  ;  having  an  ifland  of  its  name  at 
its  mouth.  It  is  between  lat.  51  18  and 
5128  N,  and  Ion.  58  16  and  58  22  W. 

Shechary,  a  lake  of  New  North  Wales, 
formed  like  a  bow.       It  receives  Church- 
ill 


SHE 


SHE 


■111  river  from  the  S  W,  arid  at  its  N  E  end 
has  communication  with  Berbazon  Lake, 
which  lies  due  N  and  S.  At  the  S  end 
of  the  latter,  the  waters  of  both  lakes  run 
E  under  the  name  of  Seal  river,  which 
empties  into  Hudfon's  Bay  at  Churchill 
Fori,  between  Button's  Bay  on  the  N  and 
Cape  Churchill  on  the  S  E.  Both  lakes 
are  long  and  narrow. 

Shediac,  a  harbour  on  the  E  coaft  of  N. 
Brunfwick,  and  on  the  W  fide  of  the  Gulf 
■  of  St.  Lawrence  ;  Si  miles  S  E  of  Mirami- 
chi  Bay. 

Sheepfiot  or  'Sheep/cut,  a  fmail  rivcr  of 
Maine,  which -empties  into  the  ocean  to 
the  E  of  Kennebeck,  and  is  navigable  20 
-  or  30  miles.  On  the  W  fide  of  this  river 
is  the  excellent  port  of  Wifcafiet.  New- 
calHe  towniliip  is  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
.  tion  on  this  river,  and  extends  from  Sheepf- 
cot  to  Damarifcotta  river.  The  compact 
partis  10  miles  NE  of  WifcalTet.  Sheepf- 
cot  harbour  has  high  water,  at  full  and 
change,  45  minutes  after  10  o'clock ; 
depth,  9  fathoms. 

Sheep^s  Cove,  on  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
foundland, lies  between  Bay  Robert  and 
Fort  Grave. 

S/jcJic'ld,  a  townfliip  in  the  N  part  of 
Caledonia  CO.  Vermont.  It  has  170  in- 
habitants. 

Sheffield,  a  poft  town  of  Maflaehufetts, 
Berkihire  co.  30  miles  S  E  of  Hudlbn  ■  in 
N.  York,  145  W  S  W  of  Botton,  and  362 
from  Wafliington.  Ic  was  incorporated 
iii  I733>  and  contains  2050  inhabitants. 
Houfatonic  river,  which  is  nuie  rods  in 
breadth,  paffes  through  it  from  N  to  S, 
which  with  its  branches  fupply  water  for 
feveral  mills  and  iron  works.  Scuth 
Mountain  extends  the  whole  length  of  the 
town,  along  the  E  fide  of  the  rivcr. 

Shelburne,  a  townlhip  of  Vermont,  Chit- 
tenden CO.  on  the  E  nde  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  It  has  Burlington  on  the  N,  and 
Charlotte  on  the  S,  and  contains  723 
inhabitants. 

Shelburne,  an  interior  townfaip  in  Graf- 
ton CO.  N.  Hampfliire.  It  v/as  incorpo- 
rated in  1 769,  and  contains  45  inhabicants. 

Shdburne,  a  townfliip  in  Hampfhire  co. 
Maflaehufetts,  adjoining  Greenfield,  98 
miles  W  of  Bofton,  containing  1079  in- 
habitants. 

SLelhurne,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the 
head  of  a  bay  which  runs  up  from  Port 
Rofeway,  at  the  S  W  part  of  the  province. 
In  1 783,  it  contained  600  families,  but  is 
sow  lefs  populous.     It  is  18  miles  N  E  of 


Barrington,  and  88  SW  by  S  of  Halifax, 

Shelby,  a  CO.  of  Kentucky,  bounded  N 
by  Henry,  W  by  Bullet,  E  by  Franklin, 
and  S  by  Nelfon.  It  is  watered  by  fev- 
eral dreams  which  fall  into  Salt  river. 
It  contains  89:^9  inhabitants,  of  whom 
1409  are  flave*. 

ShelbyoiUc,  H  poft  town  In  Shelby  co. 
Kentucky,  581  miles  from   Walliingtcn. 

Sheldon,  (formerly  Hunger/ord^  a  poll 
town  in  Franklin  co.  Vermont,  containing 
408  inhabitants,  7  miles  S  of  Canada  line, 
14  E  of  Lake  Champk:in,  and  579  from 
Waflilngxono . 

Shelter  Ifar.d,  at  the  E  end  of  Long  I.  in 
Suffolk  CO.  N.  York,  lies  3  leagues  W  of 
Gardner's  I.  Ic  is  about  5  miles  from  E  / 
to  W,  and  7  from  N  to  S.  It  is  a  fruitful 
fpot,  containing  about  8000  acres  ;  was 
incorporated  in  1788,  .and  contains  201 
inhabitants  of  whom  34  are  eled:ors. 
Conliderable  numbers  of.  cattle,  flieep 
and  poultry  are  raifed  here.  When  you 
leave  Shelter  Iflandon  your  larboard 
hand,  and  run  W  by  N  about  5  or  6  mile  s, 
you  will  open  a  large  bay  where  100  fail 
of  veffels  may  lie  i'afe,  and  anchor  in  3 
or  4  fathom?. 

Shenandoah^  a  CO,  of  Virginia,  bounded  N 
by  Frederick,  and  S  by  Rockingham,  ft 
contains  11,809  free  inhabkanit,  chiefly 
Germans.     Chief  town,  Woodftock. 

Shenandoah,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which 
rifes  in  Augufta  co.  and  after  running  a  N 
E  courfe  of'about  200  miles,  joins  the  Pa- 
towmack  in  about  lat-.  38  4>  juft  before 
the  latter  burli^  through  the  Blue  Ridge. 
It  is  compofed  of  4  branches,  S.  river, 
middle  river,  N.  river,  and  Shenandoah, 
which  is  the  fmaiiefl  branch;  but  gives  its 
nil  me  to  the  united  .flreams.  It  is  naviga- 
ble about  100  miles  ;  and  may  be  render- 
ed fo  nearly  its  vv^hole  courfe  at  a  fmali  ex- 
penfe.  When  this  is  done,  it  will  bear  the 
produce  of  the  richefl:  part  of  the  ftate  to 
Wafliington. 

Shenandoah  Valley,  extends  from  Win- 
chefter,  in  Virginia,  to  Carlide  and  the 
Sufquehannah,  i;n  Pennfylvania,  and  is 
chiefly  inhabited  by  Germans  and  Dutch. 

Shepherdijield,  Maine  ;   noW  H-hron. 

Shephcrdjhivn,  a  pofl  town  of  Virginia, 
In  Jefferfon  co.  on  the  S  fide  of  Patowuiack 
R.  Its  fituation  is  heatthy  and  agreeable, 
and  the  neighbouring  country  is  fertile 
and  well  cultivated.  It  contains  1033 
inhabitants,  moilly  of  German  extrac?cion. 
It  lies  feveral  miles  above  ehe  mouvh  of 
Shenandoah  R.  oppofite  to  Sharplburg  ; 

loml^es 


SHI 


SHO 


lo  miles  E  by  S  of  Martinfburg,  and  7.3 
from.  Wailiington. 

ShiphsrJfville,  a  pofl  towa  v\  Biillet  CO. 
Kentucky,    640  miles   from   Wafliingcon. 

Sherburne,  dL  poft  town  in  Chenango  co. 
N.York,  has  izSi  inhabitants,  43  a  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Sberbur.isy  in  MaiTachufetts  ;  fee  Nan- 
tnckst. 

Sherhurne,  Z  town  in  MiJdlefex  CO. 
MaiTachufetts,  has  776  inhabitants,  18 
milci  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Sh::r!}:iri:^,  a  town  of  N.  York,Herkemer 
CO.  By  the  ftate  cenfus  of  v  796,  it  con- 
tained 483  inhabitants. 

Sherburne,  a  towa  in  Rutland  cc.  Ver- 
mont.     See   Ktllington. 

Shsfi'-quirts  a  poli  town  in  Luzerne  co. 
Pennfyirania,34Z  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Shetiickd,  a  river  of  ConneAicur,  which 
13  formed  by  the  jundlion  of  Willomantic 
and  Alount  Hope  rivers,  and  after  run- 
ning E  a  few  miles,  purfues  a  fouihern 
courfe,  and  uniting  \vith  Quinnabaug  R.. 
empties  into  the  Thames  in  the  S  part  of 
the  townfliip  of  Norwich. 

ShetvangtiMk.      See   Rhaiviivyigunk. 

Shimem  Port,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  John,  in  the  gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
Its  entrance,  W  of  St.  Peter's  harbour,  is 
very  narrovv' ;  but  the  bafon  within  is 
\tr^   fpacious. 

Shining  Mountains,  bounding  Louifiana 
on  the  W,  are  little  known.  It  is  con- 
jectured that  they  terminate  in  about  lat. 
47  or  48  N,  where  a  number  of  rivers 
rife;  and  empty  themfelves  either  into  the 
N.  Pacific  Ocean,  into  Hudfon's  Bay,  in- 
to the  waters  which  lie  between  them,  or 
into  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  They  are  call- 
ed alfo  the  Mountains  of  Bright  Stones,  on 
account  of  the  immenfe  number  of  large 
cryftals,  fliooting  from  the  rocks,  and 
fparkling  in  the  rays  of  the  fun,  fo  as  to 
be  feen  at  a  great  diftance. 

Ship  Jjland,  lies  I>etv/een  Horn  and  Cat 
Ifland,  on  the  coaft  of  W.  Florida,  and  is 
about  10  miles  S  of  the  Bay  of  Biloxi.  It 
is  9  miles  long  and  a  broad  ;  produces 
pine  trees  and  grafs,  and  has  a  tolerable 
•w^ll  of  water  in  it. 

Ship  Jjland,  U.  Canada,  is  of  very  fmall 
extent,  between  the  Bafs  idands,  and  Cun- 
ningham's ifland  in  la'se  Erie. 

Shlplcn,  a  very  flourifliing  townfliip  of 
excellent  land,  in  L  Canada,  on  the  E 
ban's,  of  the  St.  Francis,  20  miles  N  "VV  of 
Aicot,  50  S  E  of  St.  Francis  village.  It 
has  about  350  inhabitants.  The  townfhip 
extends  ove.-  the  river   Nicole:,  another 


fine  river  which  empties  into  tlie  St.  Lav.'- 
rence.  Thefe  rivers  run  nearly  parallel 
with  each  other  and  have  fails  which 
eventually  wilt  be  locked,  and  are  now 
palled  in  birch  Indian  canoes  '\t<  which 
heavy  articles  are  tranfported.  A  road 
is  cut  and  cleared  on  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Francis,  from  Afcot  to  the  St>  Lawrence. 
Anothei  road  from  Shipton  caflerly  to 
the  Chaudier,  and  thence  to  Quebec,  has 
been  begun,  and  it  is  expected  v/ill  be 
completed  in  a  few  years 

Shiphandjio-vn,  in  Virginia,  on  the  S  fide 
of  the  Patowmack,  40  or  50  miles  from 
Alexandria. 

Shippenjluygh,  a  pofl  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  Cumberl.md  co  on  a  branch  of  Con- 
edogninnet  Creek,  which  empties  in- 
to the  Sufquehannah  ;  and  contains 
about  200  houfes,  cliiefiy  built  of  flone. 
It  derives  its  name  from  its  proprietor, 
John  Shippen,  Efq.  of  Philadelphia,  who 
has  leafed  out  the  phice  in  fmall  houfe 
lots  on  ground  rents  from  1  to  4  dollars  a 
year.  There  are  three  meeting  houfes  in 
the  place,  one  for  Seceders,  one  German, 
and  one  Methodifl.  It  has  1045  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  21  miles  N  by  E  of  Chamberf- 
burg,  a  like  diflance  S  W  of  CarliHe,  and 
146  W  of  Philadelphia. 

Shippigan  Ifland,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  I.,aw- 
rence,  on  the  S  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  S  W 
of,  and  feparated  by  a  narrow  channel, 
from  Milcou  ifland. 

Shirli-y,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachufetts,  in 
the  N  W  part  of  Middlefex  co.  41  miles 
N  W  of  Boflon.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1753,  and  contains  713  inhabitants. 

Shirley,  a  townfliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
Huntingdon  co.  has  95.8  inhabitants. 

Shoals,  Jf.cs  of,  are  7  in  number,  fituated 
on  the  coafl  of  N.  Hampfliire  ;  to  which 
the  celebrated  Capt.  John  Smith  gave  his 
ovvn  name,  but  the  ingratitude  of  man  has 
denied  his  memory  that  fmall  honor.  The 
line  which  divides  A-Iaine  from  N.  Hamp- 
fhire,  paOes  betwen  thefe  iflands,  leaving 
part  in  one  of  thefe  Sates  and  part  in 
the  other.  They  are  inhabited  by  a- 
bout  140  fiilierrnen,  who  are  poor,  and 
are  fiipplied  with  a  religious  teacher,  by 
the  fociety  for  propagating  the  gofp^jK 
They  have  a  meeting  houfe  (which  fcrves 
for  a  land  mark  for  feanicn)  and  a  parfon- 
age  houfe  erei5led  by  charity.  Thefe  if]- 
ands  are  ch'eflv  a  barren  rock,  having 
very  little  foil.  Before  the  revolutionary, 
war,  the  number  of  inhabitants  on  thefe 
i Hands  was  about  6co.  From  Ifle  of  Shoals 
to  the  Dry  Salvage,  Rock,  the  courfes  is 


SHU 


SIL 


g  ^  W  8  leagues  ;  to  Portrmouth  N  N  W 
3  leagues  ;  to  Newburyport  Bar  S  W  7 
leagues  ;  to  York  harbour  N  4;  E  J  leagues. 
N  iat.  41  59,  \V  Ion.  70  2^- 

Sboeneck,  a  Moravian  fettlement  in 
Penni'ylvania,  near  Nazareth  ;  begun  in 

Sboreham,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Ad- 
dilbn  CO.  on  tiie  E  fide  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  having  Orweli  on  the  S,  and  Brid- 
port  on  the  N,  a  little  N  E  of  Ticondero- 
ga.     It  contains  1447  inhabitants. 

Shreivfjury,  a  pofk  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Monmouth  co.  on  the  fea  .board,  having 
Middietowu  on  the  N,  Freehold  W,  and 
D.>vcr  h  V/.  North  river  divides  it  from 
IMiiidletown,  and  is  navigable  a  few  miles. 
This  town  is  15  miles  N  E  by  E  of  Mon-^ 
mouth  court  houfe,  14  S  E  of  Middletown 
Point,  33  S  E  by  E  of  Brunfwick,  79  E  N 
E  of  Philadeipliia,  and  223  from  Waih- 
irigton,  I'lie  compact  part  of  the  town 
J3  plealant,  and  contains  an  Epifcopal  and 
a  Prefbytcrian  church,  and  a  meeting 
houfc  for  Friends.  On  the  fide  of  a 
branch  of  Navelink  river,  in  this  town,  is 
a  cave,  in  which  are  3  rooms,  arched  with 
foft  por  ms  rock,  through  which  the  moif- 
ture  (lowly  exudes,  and  falls  in  drops  on 
the  fand  below.  The  tov/nfliip  contained 
4673  inhabitants,  in  1790.  Much  gen- 
teel company  from  Philadelphia  and  N. 
York  refort  here  during  the  fummor 
months,  for  health  and  pleafure. 

SJjrei.i>j1ury,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  in 
Rutland  CO.  between  Clarendon  on  the  W, 
and  Saltafli  on  the  E,  and  contains  748 
inhabitants. 

Shrezijbiiry,  a  townfliip  in  York  co. 
Pcnafylvania,  has  1305  inhabitants. 

Shretvjhury^  3.  townfliip  in  Worcefler 
CO.  Maffachufetts  ;  6  miles  E  of  Worcef- 
ter,  and  40  W  by  S  of  Bofton.  It  was 
incorporated  in  17.47,  and  contains  1048 
inhabitants.  The  average  number  of 
deaths  in  the  town  has  been  ii  or  12 
in  a  year  for  40  years  pafl:,  the  births  a- 
bout  30,  marriages  8.  About  one  to  fifty 
of  the  people  is  80  years  of  age.  la  1  798 
died  here  Mrs.  Mary  Jones,  in  the  105th 
year  of  her  age. 

Shtidenacudie,  a  tiver  of  Nova  Scotia, 
which  rifes  within  a  mile  of  the  town  of 
Dartmouth,  on  the  E  fide  of  Halifax  har- 
bour, and  empties  into  Cobequid  Bay, 
taking  in  its  courfe  the  Slewiack  and 
Gay's  rivers.  The  great  lake-  of  the  fame 
name  lies  on  the  E  fide  of  the  road 
which  leads  from  Halifax  to  Windfor, 


and  about  7  miles  from  it,  and  21  from 
Halifax. 

Slntujhury^  a  townfliip  of  Maffachufetts, 
Hampfliire  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Connecti- 
cut river,  about  16  miJes  N  E  of  North- 
ampton, and  90  W  by  N  of  Boflon,  con- 
taining 930  inhabitants. 

Sidra^  or  Seara,  a  town  on  the  N  E  coafl: 
of  Brazil,  in  the  cantainlbip  of  its  name. 
S  Iat.  3  30,  W  Ion.  39  50.  Andrew  Vidal, 
of  Negreiros,  was  chief  magidrate  ofj  this 
city  in  the  year  1772,  in  the  124th  year 
of  his  age,  and  difcharged  his  duty  as  a 
judge  to  entire  fatisfacfcion  ;  and  died  a 
yeas  after,  in  full  pofleihon  of  his  mental 
powers.  In  1773,  189  of  his  defcendantt 
were  ailive. 

Sibalu't^s,  iilands  on  the  coaft  of  Patago- 
nia.    S  Iat.  50  s?>-,  W  Ion.  59  35. 

Sibau  JJIitnds,  on  the  coafl  of  Cape  Bre- 
ton liland,  lie  ofTthe  S  point  of  Port  Dau- 
phin, and  afford  good  anchorage. 

Sicca  Punto,  or  Dry  Pointy  on  the  coafl  of 
the  Spanifli  main,  is  the  N  W  limit  of 
Triefte  Bay,  and  foutherly  of  the  ifland  of 
Curacao. 

Sicba/i,  formerly  a  fettlement  of  the 
Moravians  on  the  E  line  of  N.  York  ;  25 
miles  E  S  E  of  Kingff on,  on  Hudfon's  river. 

Sidney,  a  town  of  N.  York,  in  Delaware 
CO.  having  Sufquehannah  river  for  its  N 
bovmdary. 

Sidney,  a  pofl  town  of  Maine,  Lincoln 
CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Kennebeck  river  op- 
pofite  Vaffalboro. 

Sidney  To'wnjhip,  in  the  county  of  Haft- 
ings,  U.  Canada,  is  fituated  at  the  head  of 
the  bay  of  Quintc  immediately  above 
Thurlow. 

Sidelins  Hill,  a  range  of  hills  which  lie 
in  the  N  W  part  of  Maryland,  b(  tween 
Alleghany  and  Walliington  counties,  which 
are  divided  by  the  creek  of  the  fame  name. 

Sierre  Mad  re.      See  Andes. 

Silver  Bluff",  a  confiderable  heigiit  upoa 
the  Carolina  fhore  of  Savannah  river  ; 
perhaps  30  feet  higher  than  the  low  lands 
on  the  oppofite  fhore,  which  are  fubjetSt 
to  inundations  in  the  fpring  and  fall.  This 
fteep  bank  rifes  perpendicularly  out  of 
the  river,  difcovering  various  ftrata  of 
earth.  The  furface  of  the  ground  upon 
this  bluff,  which  extends  nearly  two  miles 
on  the  river,  and  from  half  a  mile  to  a 
mile  in  breadth,  is  nearly  level,  and  a  good 
fertile  foil,  as  appears  h^j  the  vait  oaks, 
hickory,  mulberry,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees  and  flirubs  left  flanding  in  the 
old  fields  which  are  fprcad  abroad  to  a 

great 


SIN 


SIX 


•rcat  diftance.  Here  are  various  veftiges 
of  the  ancients  ;  as  Indian  conical  mounts, 
terraces  areas,  <Scc,  as  weii  as  traces  of 
fortreiles  of  regular  formation,  as  if  con- 
ftrucled  after  the  modes  of  European  mil- 
itary archite(5ls ;  which  fome  fuppol'e  to 
be  the  ancient  camps  of  the  Spaniards, 
who  formerly  fixed  themfeives  heie,  in 
hopes  of  fmdiug  iilver. 

Simcoe  Laki,  formerly  lake  aux  Clales, 
is  lituated  between  York  and  Gloucefter, 
■upon  lake  Huron  U.  Canada  ;  it  has  a  few 
fmall  iflands,  and  feverai  good  harbours  ; 
a  vefTel  has  been  built  for  tlie  purpofe  of 
facilitating  the  communication  to  lake 
Huron  by  that  rout.  This  was  fo  named 
■by  Lieut.  General  Simcoe,  from  refptdt  to 
liis  father,  the  late  Capt.  Simcoe  of  the 
Royal  Navy,  who  died  in  the  river  St. 
JLawrence  on  the  expedition  to  Quebec  in 
1739.  In  the  year  1755,  this  able  ofHcer 
hcul  furniflied  government  with  the  plan 
of  operations  againfl  Quebec,  which  then 
took  place  ;  at  the  time  of  his  death,  Capt. 
Cook  the  celebrated  circumnavigator,  was 
"mafter  of  his  fliip,  the  Pembroke.    STnyih. 

Simons,,  St.  the  eaftcrnmofi:  of  the  3  large 
iflands  at  the  mouth  of  the  Alatamaha  riv- 
er in  Georgia,  having  on  the  N  N  E,  Little 
St.  Simon  s  IJlund ;  and  between  thefe  is 
ti\Q  eaftern  mouth  of  the  river.  The 
fouthern  end  of  the  iiland  is  near  the  N 
mouth  of  the  Alatamaha.  Formerly  a 
flrong  battery  was  ere^Hied  here,  for  the 
defence  of  Jekyl  Sound,  in  which  10  or  i  a 
forty  gun  fhips  may  ride  in  fafety.  Tills 
-iiland  is  about  45  miles  in  length,  and 
from  two  to  four  in  breadth  ;  has  a  rich 
and  fruitful  foil,  full  of  oak  and  hickory 
trees,  intermixed  with  meadows  and  old 
Indian  fields.  In  the  middle  of  the  Ifland 
is  the  town  of  FrederIca,  The  bar  or 
'  entrance  of  St.  Simon's  is  S  by  W  19 
leagues  from  Tybee  Inlet. 

Simons  Fori,  St.  at  the  S  end  of  St. 
Simon's  Ifland,  Is  9  or  10  miles  from  the 
St.  Simond's  Bar,  and  Is  remarkable  for 
its  white  appearance. 

Simjbury,  a  pofl:  town  of  Connedlcut, 
in  Hartford  co.  14  miles  N  W  of  Hartford. 
Copper  ore  has  been  found  here.  It  has 
^963  Inhabitants,  and  is  386  miles  from 
Wafliington. 

Sinclair  River,  U.  Canada,  runs  from  N 
.•to  S,  being  the  ftrait  between  lake  Huron, 
4ind  lake  St.  Clair. 

Sinemahoning,  a  N  weftemmoft  branch 
of  Sufquehannah  river. 

Sinepuxent,  a  very  long  bay  on  the  S  E 
'«oaft.of  Maryland  ;  a  number  of  long  and 


narrow  iflands  feparating  it  from  fhe  At«- 
lantic  Ocean.  Sicepuxent  Inlet,  is  m 
about  lat.  38  10  30  N,  and  nearly  iz  miles 
E  of  the  town  of  Snowhill. 

Sing  Sing,  an  inconlid<rable  village  on 
the  E  fide  of  Haverftraw  Bay,  in  W. 
Chefter  co.  3^  miles  N  of  N.  York  city. 

Sitiica,  a  confiderable  Cherokee  town, 
en  the  banks  of  Keowee  river.  The 
houfes  on  the  E  fide  are  on  an  elevated 
iltuation,  and  command  a  delightful  and 
extenfive  profpect  of  the  whole  fettlement. 
I'he  inhabitants,  about  joo  in  number^ 
can  muflrer  100  warriors. 

Sinking  Spring  galley.  See  Bald  Eagle 
Falhy. 

Sino,  or  SiAu,  a  bay  on  the  N  coaft  of 
Terra  Firma.  There  is  alfo  a  town  of 
the  fame  name  on  the  S  fide  of  the  Gulf 
of  MorofquiUo,  about  66  miles  N  E  of  St. 
Sebaftian,  and  40  S  W  of  Tohi. 

Sicus,  or  Sioux,  a  powerful  nation  of 
Indians,  confifting  of  tliree  dlfierent  tribes, 
which  can  furnifh  9500  warriors ;  the 
Sious,  who  inhabit  the  head  waters  of  the 
MifTilippi  and  MliTourl,  3000  warriors  ; 
the  Sious  of  the  Meadows,  2500,  and  the 
Sious  of  tlie  Woods,  4000.  The  two  laft 
inhabit  on  the  head  and  weftern  waters 
of  the  MiffiiippI,  and  the  iflands  of  Lake 
Superior. 

Sipfcys,  a  branch  of  Tombeckbee  river 
in  Georgia,  which  runs  a  S  W  by  S  courfe. 
Its  mouth  is  in  about  lat.  31  $s  ^■t  ^^^  4® 
miles  N  by  W  of  the  upper  mouth  of  Ala^ 
bama  river. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy  s  IJland,  In  the  S  Paci- 
fic Ocean,  was  difcovered  in  1767,  by 
Captain  Carteret.  It  Is  low,  level,  and 
covered  with  v;^ood.  S  lat.  4  41,  W  Ion. 
154  20. 

Sir  Charles  Saunders^  IJland,  In  the  fame 
ocean,  and  difcovered  by  the  fame  navi- 
gator. Is  about  two  leagues  in  length  from 
EtoW.     S  lat<  17  28,  W  Ion.  151  4. 

Sirius,  a  fmall  ifland  in  the  fame  ocean, 
difcovered  by  Lieutenant  Ball,  in  I79Z- 
It  is  about  18  miles  in  circuit.  S  lat.  10 
S2,  W  ion.  i6a  30. 

Si/al,  on  the  N  coafl:  of  Yucatan,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  4  leagues  W  of  Lin- 
chanchee,  and  8  E  of  Cape  Condccedo.  It 
is  the  highefl:  lookout  on  the  whole  coafl:. 

Sijfthou,  Nova  Scotia,  lies  on  the  E  fide 
of  St.  Mary's  Bay,  a8  miles  S  E  of  An- 
napolis. 

Sijle/s  Ferry,  a  village  In  S.  Carolina, 

25    miles  from  Coofawatchie,  and   io» 

from  Charlefton. 

J      She  Mens  Bay,  on  the  W  fide  61  the  Ifl- 

^  and 


SIT 


SKE 


aiid  of  Barbadoes,  near  the  N  end.  It  lies 
between  Sunderland  Foit  S,  and  Six 
Men's  Fort  N. 

Six  Nations,  a  confederacy  of  Indian 
nations,  fo  called  by  the  Britifli  and  A- 
mericans.  The  French  call  them  Iroquois. 
Formcrlvthey  were  called  the  Five  Nations, 
five  only  being  joined  in  that  alliance  ; 
but  they  now  confilt  of  fix  nations,  and 
call  themfelves  Aganvfckioniy  that  is,  the 
United  People.  Some  call  them  Mingos  ; 
others  Maquais.  Thefe  fix  nation&are  the 
I'vlohaivks^  Oneidas^  Onondagas,  Stnecus^  Ciiy- 
Kgas^  and  Tufcaroras.  The  latter  joined 
the  confederacy  80  years  ago.  In  the 
late  war  with  Great  Britain,  they  were 
allies  ofthat power,  and  in  1779  they  were 
entirely  defeated  by  the  troops  of  Con- 
.  grefs,  and  their  towns  all  deftroycd. 
They  now  live  on  grounds  called  the 
ftate  Refervations,  which  are  Intermedi- 
ate fpaccs  fettled  on  all  fides  by  white 
people.  In  their  prefent  cramped  fitua- 
tion,  they  cannot  keep  together  a  great 
while.  They  will  probably  quit  the  U. 
States  and  retire  over  the  lakes  Ontario 
and  Eric-  All  the  Mohawks  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  Cayugas,  have  already 
removed  into  Canada.  The  number  of 
fouls  in  all  the  fix  nations  was,  in  1796, 
4058.  The  Stockbridge  and  Brothertnn 
Indians,  who  now  live  among  them,  ad- 
ded, make  the  whole  number  4508,  of 
'.vhom  760  live  in  Canada,  the  reft  in  the 
United  Srates.  By  a  treaty  made  in  1 794, 
between  the  United  States  on  the  one 
part,  and  the  Six  Nations  and  their  Indian 
friends  refiding  with  them,  on  the  other 
jiart,  it  was  ftipulated  that  "  the  fum  of 
4500  dollars  fliould  be  expended  annual- 
ly and  for  ever,  in  purchaling  clothing, 
domeftic  animals,  implements  of  hufbau- 
dry^  and  other  utenfils,  and  in  compenfat- 
ing  ufeful  artificers  who  Ilia  11  relide 
among  them,  and  be  employed  for  their 
benefit."  This  allowance  is  under  the 
diret^lion  of  a  I'uperiutendant,  and  is  not 
diftributed  for  any  private  purpofes.  It  is 
apportioned  among  them  according  to 
their  numbers,  in  order  to  which,  there 
is  annually  taken  an  exa<5t  cenfus  of 
all  thefe  Indians.  In  1796,  the  Friends 
commonly  called  Quakers,  in  their  benev- 
olence and  zeal  to  promote  the  welfare 
of  thefe  Indians,  raifed  a  fund  to  fupport 
a  number  of  their  fociety,  who  offered  to 
go  and  rtfide  among  them,  with  a  view 
to  promote  their  civilization,  moral  im- 
provement, and  real  welfare.  A  commit- 
tee of  their  focictjr  was   appointed  to  ac- 


company thefe  friends  to  humanity,  ani' 
they  were  actually  on  the  fpot,and  com- 
menced their  work  of  charity  in  July  of 
this  year.  The  ftate  of  N.  York  have 
taken  thefe  Indians  under  their  protec- 
tion, and  appointed  commilTioners  to  take 
care  that  they  receive  no  wrong  fromin- 
tereft'ed  individuals.' 

Skaneatet£s,  af  lake  in  Onondago  co.  N.- 
York, 14  miles  long,  and  i  mile  wide 
where  broadeft.  It  waters  the  military 
townfliips  of  Marctllus  and  Senipronius, 
and  fends  its  waters  northerly  to  Seneca 
river. 

Skentciady:,  an  ancient  and  refpe(Slablc 
city  in  Albany  co.  N.  York,  i6  miles  N 
W  of  Albany  city,  pleafantly  fituated  in 
a  vale  bordered  with  hills  to  the  fouth- 
ward  and  eafcward,  on  the  margin  of  Mo- 
hawk river.  The  houfes  between  300 
and  400  in  number,  are  compacTtly  built, 
chiefly  of  brick,  on  regular  ftreets,  in  the 
old  Dutch  ftlL,  on  the  S  fide  of  the  river  : 
few  of  them  are  elegatit.  The  public 
buildings  are  a  Dutch,  Prefbyterian  and 
an  Epifcopal  church,  and  a  large  and 
handfome  college  edifice.  The  windinf^* 
of  the  river,  through  the  town  and  fields 
which  are  often  overflowed  in  the  fpring» 
afford  a  rich  and  charming  profpe(i 
about  harvcft  time.  This  town,  being  at 
the  foot  of  navigation,  on  a  long  river 
which  palfes  through  a  very  fine  country 
rapidly  fettling,  it  would  be  natural  to 
conclude,  would  embrace  much  of  its  com- 
merce ;  but  originally  knowing  no  other 
than  the  fur  trade,  which,  fmce  the  rev- 
olution, has  almoft  ceafcd,  and  having 
taken  no  advantage  of  it*  happy  fitua- 
tion  for  other  commerce,  the  place  has 
very  confiderably  decayed.  The  chief 
bufinefs  of  this  town  now  is  .to  receive 
the  merchandife  from  Albany,  and  put  / 
it  into  batteaux  to  go  up  the  river,  and 
forv/ard  to  Albany  the  returns  from  the 
back  country.  Sgq  Mohaxvk  Rimer,  Un~ 
ion  College  was  eftabiiibed  and  incorpo- 
rated here  in  1794,  and  is  under  the  di- 
redlion  of  24  truftees.  It  took  its  name 
from  the  union  of  various  denomination.^- 
of  Chriftians  in  its  eftablifliment.  The 
Dutch  were,  however,  by  far  the  moft. 
liberal  benefactors  to  this  inftitution.  It 
is  well  fituated  for  the  conveniency  of 
the  northern  and  weftern  parts  of  the 
ftate.  In  June,  1796,  there  were  40  fiu- 
dents,  divided  into  4  clafies,  viz.  i  lau- 
;^uages,  z  hiftory  and  belles  Icttres,  ^ 
mathematics,  4  phiiofophy.  The  ?.anUf*i 
expcnfe    of    education    here,    inciudii^ 

boari. 


S  KE 


SLA 


uks  V 


cUls. 
a  I, .101 


49K3 


cts. 

6 


i3S(>       45 


35CO 


board,  tuition,  &c.  is  Icfs  than  too  dollars. 
The  property  of  the  college  in  1796  con- 
liftcd  in  various  articles,  to  the  following 
amount,  viz. 
Bonds    and  mortgages,  "y 

producing  an   annual   C 

intereft  of  7  per  cent,  j 
Subfcriptions,  and  othi 

debts  due  on  the  book: 

of  the  treafurer. 
Calli  appropriated    for 

the  purchafe  of  books. 
Houfe  and    lot  for  the 

prelident. 
Lot  for  the  fcite  of  the 

college. 
Houfe  and  lot  heretofore 

occupied  for  the  -.icad- 

emy,  a  donation  from 

the   confiflory    of  tiie 

Dutch  church. 
Books,  &c.  in  the  po^Tcf- 

fion  of    the    truftecs, 

and  on  the  w:iy  from 

Europe. 
Cafli  appropriated  by  the 

regents    for  tlie  pur- 
chafe of  books  in  tki 

hands  of  the  commit- 
tee. 
Legacy     by     Abraham 

Yates,   jun.    Efq.     of 

Albany. 


3^50 


5000 


2381        99 


4C0 


250 


42,^2Z  60 

And  1604  acres  of  land.  The  faculty  of 
the  college  confifled,  In  1797,  of  the  prel- 
ident and  one  tutor  ;  and  the  falary  of 
the  former  w^ith  an  houfe  for  his  family, 
is  ifoodoUars,  andof  thelatter665dollars 
per  annum,  with  an  additional  allowance 
at  prefent  of  250  dollars,  on  account  of 
the  extraordinary  price  of  the  neceflaries 
■of  life.  There  were,  in  1797,  37  Undents, 
eight  Tn  the  clafs  of  languages,  twenty  in 
the  clafs  of  hlflory  and  belles  lettres,  fix 
in  the  clafs  of  mathematics,  and  three  in 
the  clafs  of  philofophy.  The  courfe  of 
ftudies  is,  the  firft  year  Virgil,  Cicero's 
orations,  Greek  Teftament,  Lucian,  Ro- 
man antiquities,  arithmetic  and  Eugiitii 
grammar  ;  thp  fccond  year,  geography, 
and  the  ufe  of  the  globes,  Roman  hiflory. 
hiCtory  of  America,  and  the  Americai; 
revolution,  Xenophon,  Horace,  criticifm 
and  eloquence  ;  the  third  year,  the  vari- 
ous branches  of  nn.thematic?.  and  vulgn; 
and  decimal  fracSlions,  and  the  e:ctra6tio 
iBf  the  roots,  geometry,  algebra,  trigonom- 
etry, aavigation,  nienfuration,  Xenophon 


!  continued,  and  Homer  ;  and  the  fourth 
i   and  lafl:  year,  natural  philofophy,  the  con- 
j   fbtuiion  of  the  United   States  and  of  the 
I   different  States,  metaphyfics,   or  at  leafl: 
j   that  part  which  treats  of'  the  philofophy 
j   of  the    human  mind,  Horace    continued, 
i   and    Longinus  ;    and   during  the   courfe 
1  of  thefe  (tudics,  the  attention  of  the  ciaf- 
I  fcs  is  particularly  required   to  elocution 
I   and  compofition  in  the  Englifli  language. 
I  A  provifion  is  alio  madcj  for  fubftituting 
j   the  knowledge  of  the  French  language  in- 
I  ftead  of  the  Greek,  in  certain  cafes,  if  the 
j  funds  flaould  hereafter  admit   ofinftitut- 
ing  a  French  profcfforfliip.     The  library 
conlifted  of  about  1000  volumes,  and  ^T^co 
was  appropriated  to  the  purchafcof  a  phi- 
lolbphical  apparatus.   The  city  of  Sk«nec- 
t'.dy   contains  at   this  time  5289  inhabit- 
ants.     It  is  416  miles  from  Walhington. 
Siene^doroug/j,hiWa(\\'n\gton  co.  N.York, 
on  Wood  Creek,  on  the  S  fide  of  S.  Bay. 
'i'his  is  a  place  through  which  moft  of  the 
communication  and    trade  between   tlic 
counties  on  Lake  Champlain   and  Hud- 
fon's  river  palTes.     It  has,  however,  very 
bad  water,  and  is  unhealthy  in  fummer. 
It  is  about  8  miles  E  by  N  of  Fort  George, 
and  6  N  by  E  of  Fort  x'^nn.     The  fortifir 
cations  here  were  deftroyedby  Gen.  Bur- 
goyne,  in  July,  1777.     It  islnthetown- 
Ibip  of  Whitehall,  which  fee. 

Skippack,  a  townfliip  in  Montgomery 
county,  Pennfylvania,  on  Pcrkimy  creek. 
Sklpton,  a  village  on  the  N  fide  of  Pa- 
towmac  river,  about  1 1  miles  S  E  of  Fort 
Cumberland,  and  28  S  of  Bedford  la 
Pennfylvania. 

Skitikifs,  a  bay  of  about  8  leagues  ex- 
tent on  the  E  fide  of  Wafnington's  Ifles, 
on  the  N  W  coafl  of  N.  America,  N  of 
Cumberland  Harbour.  The  opening  is 
in  lat.  about  5^  Tj. 

Skupper?ioTi^,  a  fmall  river  of  N.  Caroli- 
na. A  canal  was  finiflied  in  1790,  which 
connedls  the  waters  of  this  ftream  with 
the  lake  in  Difmal  Swamp,  on  the  S  fide 
of  Albemarle  Sound. 

Shttock  Hil'sy  in  Hancock  co.  Maine, 
lie  N  N  V.  of  the  harbour  of  Gouldibor- 
ough.  In  failing  from  Mount  Defcrt  to 
Gouldfborough,  you  muft  fteer  N  N  E  for 
thefe  hills,  which  are  more  remarkable 
than  any  in  the  eaftern  country.  There 
arc  5  of  them,  and  at  a  diftance  they  ap- 
pear round. 

Slabionvn,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  about  halfway  between  Burling- 
ton and  ^^unt  Holly,  4  or  j  Iniles  from 
each. 

Slaughter 


SMI 


SMY 


Slaughter  Creek,  on  the  K  fide.of  Chcfsi- 
peak  Bay,  Dorcbeftcr  cc.  Maryland. 
Slaujher^  Fort,  or  Little  Niagara. 
Slave  Lake  %x\d  Riyer,  ill  the  N  W  part 
of  N.  America.  The  lake  is  exttiilive  and 
^ives  rife  to  M'Keazie's  river,  wliich  emp- 
ties into  the  Frozen  Oceifu,  and  receives 
the  river  of  its  name  from  the  W  end  of 
Athapefcow  Lake  ;  belide  many  other 
rivers  from^  various  direcStions.  Slave 
river  ruiw  a  N  W  by  N  '  courle,  and  is  a 
mile  wide.  The  S  end  of  Slave  Lake  is 
6i  N  lat.  and  the  center  of  the  lake  h  m 
tibout  Ion.  115  \V.  The  northern  ba/is 
40  leagues  deep,  and  6  fathoms  w4ter. 
The  lake  is  faid  to  be  aoo  miles  J<^>"?t'  1^° 
broad.  The  Dogribbed  Indians  iniuibit 
the  N  iliore  of  this  lake.  See  Athapuf- 
cow  lake,  which  Pinkerton  fuppofcs  to  be 
the  fame  with  this.  j 

Slcciring   IJlaiid,   ou  the  coaft  of  New-  \ 
fouudland. 

Slokums  LJiand,  is  the  third  of  the  JEliz-  ] 
abeth    lllands  in  magnitude,  being  about  i 
5   miles  in   circuit.      It  lies  oil'  Buzzard's  j 
Bay,  ill  Barnflible  co.  MaiTachufctts,  and 
\V  of  Tinker's  Ifland. 

Slufitr,  Fort.   See  ScIJopr. 
&fnaU  Point,  ou  the  coaft  of  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  forms  the   E  limit    of  Cafco  Bay, 
and  lies  N  E  of  Cape  Elizabeth,  the  weft- 
crii  limit. 

Zmith,  a  townfliip  in    Walliington  co. 
Pennfylvania,  has  1654  inhabitants. 

Smith, -A  county  of  Tenefl'ee,  which  con- 
tains 4294  inhabitants,  597  being  ihives. 

Smithf.eld,-A\iwsA\ pofttcwn  of Virginia, on 
Pagan  Creek,  wliich  empties  into  Jameo* 
river,  in  lile  of  Wight  co;  It  is  8^  miles  S 
E  of  Richmond,  364  S  S  W  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  ai8  from  Wailiington.  I'he 
creek  is  navigable  for  Vefleis  of  20  tons. 
SmitbJieU,  a  poft  town,  and  the  capital 
of  Johni'on  co.  N.  Caroiiixa,  on  the  E  fide 
of  Neus  river,  on  a  beautiful  plain,  about 
100  miles  N  \V  of  Newbern,  25  from  Ra- 
leigh, 473  from  Philadelphia,  and  3^* 
from  Wailiington.  Kear  the  centre  of 
the  town  is  an  Indian  burying  place, once 
in  the  form  of  a  cone  1 6  feet  high;  30 
feet  in  diameter,  l)ut  the  people  having 
often  dug  in  it  for  GurioHties,  its  elevation 
now  is  not  more  than  5  or  6  feet. 

SmitkficlJ,  a  very  thriving  town  in  Trum- 
bull CO.  State  of  Ohio,  on  the  weftern  lake 
of  Pennfylvania,  about  equidiftant  from 
Lake  Erie  and  the  S  line  of  the  county, 
about  65  miles  W  of  Pittlburgh. 

SmithfuU,  Middle  :xyA  Loi.ver^  tWO  tOV/n- 
fliips  in  Wayne  co.  Pennfylvania,  contain- 
ing one490,andthe  other jSjiiihab'lants. 
Vol.  I.  £  b  b  b 


Smithfield,  a  townfliip  of  Rhode  Ifland 
Providence  co.  having  the  State  of  Mafla- 
chufetts  on  the  isf,  and  Cumberland  on 
the  N  E.  Here  are  extenhve  orchard*  ; 
and  great  quantities  of  flone  lime  aie 
made,  and  carried  to  Provixlence  and 
other  places.  It  contains  3120  inhabiiants. 
Smitbland/A.  poiit  town  in  Livingllon  co. 
Kentucky,  851  miles  from  Wailiington. 

Smith'' s  Capi,  the  N  point  of  the  entrance 
into  the  fea  called  the  New  Difcovercd 
Sea,  and  the  S  \7  point  of  the  illnnd  form- 
ed by  that  fea  or  lound,  which  communi- 
cates with  Hudlbn's  Straits.  It  is  on  the 
E  iide  of  liudfon's  Bay.  N  lat.  60  48, 
W  Ion.  80  SS- 

Smiih\-  JJhnd,  on  th£  coafc  of  N.  Caroli- 
na.       See  Cape  Fear,  and  B.ild  Head. 

S-mltli's  Jftund,  the   fouthernmofl;  of  the 
range  of  iilands,   in  the   Atlantic  Ocean, 
along  the  coaft  of  Norihamptoii  and  Ac- 
comack  counties,  Virginia.       It  is    near 
the  S  point  of  Cape  Charles.     Here  fliips 
1  frequently  come  to    anchor  to    wait  for 
I  pilots  to  conduct  them  into  ChefapeakBay. 
I       Smithes  IJlts,  the  range  of  lllands  which 
j  line   the  above  coaft.       They    weie  fo 
j  named  in  i6o8,  in  honor  of  Captain  John 
1  Smith,  Avho  landed  on  the  peninfula,  an^ 
I  was  kindly  received  by   Accomack,  the 
prince  of  the  peninfula,  part  of  which 
ftlll  bears  liis  name. 

Smith's  LJland,  a  fmall  ifland   at  the  E 
end  of  the  ifland  of  Antigua,  and  in  Ex- 
change Bay.       Alfo  the  name  of  an  ifland 
in  the  S.  Pacific   Ocean,    difcovered    by 
li  Lieutenant  Bail,,  in    the   year  1790.       S 
j  lat.  9  44,  W  Ion.  161  54. 
j       Smith's  Point,  is  tlie  fouthern  limit  of 
I  the  mouth  of  Patowmack   river,  on  the 
I  V/  fide  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  oppofite  the 
I  northern  head  land,  called  Point  Lockout, 
I  and  in  about  lat.  37  54  N. 

Smith's.     See  Staunton  River  Virginia. 
!       Smith's  SouTid,  Oil  the  E  coaft  of  New- 
I  foundlaud  I.  bounded  N  by  Cape  Bona- 
I  venture. 

Smithfield,  Maj^ie,  now  Litchjidd. 
Smitbiozvn,  a  fmall  port  town  of  Suffolk 
CO.  Long  I.  N.  Yoik^  52  miles  S  eafterly  of 
N.  York  city.  The  townfliip  is  bound- 
ed S  by  iilip,  W  by  Huntiivgton,  Nby  the 
Sound,  and  E  by  Brookhavcu.  It  con- 
tains 1413  inha!>itants, 

SmithvilU,  the  chief  town  of  Brunfwick 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  fituated  near  the  mouth 
of  Cape  Fear  river,  about  30  miles  S  of 
Wilmington.  Here  is  an  academy,  from 
which,  iheie  is  u  vicv>'  of  the  ocean. 
Smyrna,  Nczv^  a  iliriving  tcwn  in  E, 
fkrida. 


soc 


SOD 


Florida.  It  13  iituated  on-  a  irfielly  bluff, 
on  the  V/  bank  of  the  S  branch  of  Mof- 
quico  river  ;  about  lO  miles  above  th.j 
Capes  of  that  river,  about  30  miles  N  of 
Cape  Canaveral,  and  in  lat.  28  N.  It  is 
inhabited  by  a  colony  of  Greeks  and 
Minorquies,  eftabliilied  by  Dr.  TurnbuU. 
Bartram. 

Snake  Indians,  a  tribe  v/ho  inhabit  the 
S  W  fide  of  MifTouri  river,  in  lat.  about 
47  N,  and  Ion.  107  W.  The  Shevetoon 
Indians  inhabit  on  the  oppoiite  lide  of  the 
river. 

Snares,  The,  a  duller  of  7  craggy  ifles  in 
the  South  Sea.  The  largeft  is  in  lat.  48  3 
S,  Ion.  166  10  E.  Vaneowver, 

Sneidjhoro  ,  a  poft  town  in  Richmond 
CO.  N.  Carolina,  418  miles  from  Wafhing- 
ton. 

Sneydfoorough,  a  tOWn  of  Anfon  CO.  N. 
Carolina,  it  ftands  oa  the  Qreat  Pedce, 
1 20 miles  above  Georgetown,  S.Carolina. 
To  this  place  the  river  is  navigable. 

Snoiv  Bird  Lake,  ill  N.  America,  W  of 
Hudfon's  Bay,  i  ?.  miles  wide  from  E  to  W, 
but  fi'om  Nto  S  it  is  much  more  exteniive. 

Smxv  Hill,  a  port  of  entry  and  port  town 
of  Maryland,  ;md  capital  of  Vv^'orccfter  co. 
fituared'  on  the  S  E  fide  of  Pokomoke 
river.  Here  are  about  60  houfes,  a 
court  houfe,  and  gaol,  and  the  inhabit- 
ant? del  principally  ia  lumber  and  corn. 
The  exports  for  one  year,  ending  the  30th 
of  September  1794,  amounted  to  the  val- 
ue of  4040  dollars.  It  is  158  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Socand  ga,  or  Sagetidaga.  the  W  branch 
of  Hudfon  river,  runs  a  S  and  S  E  courfc, 
and,  about  15  miles  from  its  mouth,  takes 
a  N  E  dire'ilion,  and  joins  that  river  about 
I  a  or    I J  miles  W  by  N  of  Fort  Edward . 

Soc'idty  JJlands,  a  clufter  of  iflands  in  the 
S.  Paciic  Ocean.  I'o  thele  iflands  Capt. 
Cook  v/as  diredled  by  Tupia,  in  1769: 
and  he  gave  them  this  name  in  honor  of 
fhe  Pvoyal  Society.  They  are  fituated 
between  the  latitude3  of  I'j  10,  and  16 
5  >  S,  :ind  between  the  longitudes  of  150 
57  and  152  W.  They  are  7  in  number  ; 
ILiahehie,  Ulietea,  Ontuha,  Bolabola,  JMourooa, 
Toohaee,  and  Titho:yama7ioo  or  Saunders  IJl- 
a:id,  which  is  here  included,  as  being  fiib- 
jccl  to  Iluaheine.  The  foi',  the  produc- 
tions, the  people,  their  language,  relig'on, 
cufloms,  and  manners  are  fo  nearly  the 
fame  as  at  Otaheite,  that  little  need  be 
a.lded  to  the  account  which  has  already 
l-een  given.  Nature  has  been  equally 
bountiful  in  uncultivated  plenty,  and  the 
inhubitx-^nts  are  as  lu2:urious  and  as  indo- 


lent. '  A  plantain  branch  is  the  emblem- 
of  peace,  and  changing  names  the  greateli 
token  of  frleudfliip.  Their  morals  are 
differently  con{l:rud:ed,  though  ferving 
the  fame  purpofes.  It  is  cuftom'^try  to  give 
their  daughters  to  ftrangers  who  arrive 
amongft  them  -;  but  the  pairs  tnuR  be  5 
liights  lying  near  each  other,  without  pre- 
fuming  to  take  any  other  liberty.  On 
the  6th  evening,  the  father  of  fhe  young 
woman  treats  his  gueft  with  food,  and  in- 
forms his  daughter,  that  flie  mull  that 
night  receive  him  as  her  huftjand.  The 
firranger  muft  not  exprefs  the  leafl  diflike, 
fliould  the  partner  allotted  to  him  be  ev- 
er fo  difagreeable  ;  for  this  is  confidered 
as  an  unpardonable  aiTi-ont,  and  is  punifh- 
ed  with  iuflrant  death. 

SoconufGo,z.  province  of  N.  Spain,  hav- 
ing Chiapa  on  the  N,  Guatamala  on  the 
E,  the  N.  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  S,  and 
Gauxaca  on  the  W.  It  is  about  90  miles 
long,  and  almofl  as  broad.  It  does  not 
produce  much  corn,  but  great  quantities 
of  cocoa  and  indigo, 

Socohi'fco  Port,  on  the  W  coaft  of  New 
Mexico,  capital  of  the  province  of  Socon- 
ufco,  in  which  are  the  mountains  of  this 
name.      N  lat.  15  12,  W  Ion.  98  16. 

Socora,z.\\  iilandon  the  coaft  of  S.Amer- 
ica. 

Sodas,  a  bay  and  town  on  the  S  fide 
of  Lake  Ontario.  The  bay  is  about  6 
or  7  miles  long  and  2  to  4  wide,  and  from 
it,  into  the  lake  is  a  fliort  and  narrow 
entrance.  It  forms  ths  beft  harbour  on 
this  fide  of  the  lake.  It  is  lefs  than 
half  a  mile  ucrofs  at  the  entrance,  the  land 
around  the  bay  rifts  confiderably  high. 
When  the  lake  is  agitated  by  a  ftorm 
the  bay  may  be  pafTed  fafely  in  a  canoe, 
veflels  may  anchor  near  the  tov>rn  in  25 
fathom  water,  on  a  fandy  bottom.  In 
many  places  a  veffel  of  50  tons  may  lie 
afloat  fo  near  fliore  as  to  go  to  it  from 
the  vefTel    on   a  plank.  In  this   bay 

there  are  feveral  fine  iflands,  fome  of  5O 
acres,  of  fine  foil,  covered  with  timber. 
Thefe  ifland  with  the  head  land  flretch- 
ing  into  the  bay,  afford  a  profpect  from 
the  town,  which  for  richnefs  and  beauty 
is  feldom  equalled.  A  body  of  chocolate 
marble,  which  receives  a  good  polifli,  has 
been  difcovercd  on  Marble  Creek,  which 
runs  into  this  bay.  The  town,  in  which 
are  416  inhabitants,  ftands  on  a 
riling  ground  on  the  W  point  of  the  bay, 
having  the  lake  like  an  ocean  on  the  N, 
■z8  miles  N  of  Geneva.  Little  Sodus  hay^ 
is  about  12  miles  E  of  Great  Sodus. 

S*il 


SOM 


SON 


Soil  Corje^  a  village  on  Defert  I.  Maine. 

Solartgo,  an  liland  on  the  coaft  of  Peru, 
12  miles  S  of  Port  Callo. 

Solar  Morrc,  or  Caps:  Solar,  on  the  coafc 
-of  Peru,  is  6  miles  N  by  W  of  the  rocks 
of  Pachacama  off  the  port  of  Gallao. 

Soldier  s  Gut,  on  the  N  E  coafl  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  Chrinopher's,  E  of  |ialf 
Moon  Bay,  and  Chrift  Church. 

Solel)nry,a  towufliip  in  Buck's  co.  Penn- 
fylvania,ha8  1524  inhabitants. 

Solidad,  la,  or  the  Bcjert,  a  cloifter  of 
bare  footed  Carmelites  ;  lituated  on  a  hill, 
3  leagues  N  W  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  en- 
clofed  with  a  high  rtone  wall  fevcn  leagues 
in  compafs.  The  hill,  on  which  the 
monaftery  ftands,  is  furrounded  v/ith 
rocks,  in  which  they  have  dug  caves  for 
oratories.  Here  are  gardens  and  orch- 
ards 2  miles  in  compafs,  filled  with  the 
choiceft  European  fruit  trees.  The  pro- 
vincial Chapter  of  the  Order  is  held  here. 

Solodad  Port,  on  the  E  fide  of  the  eaft- 
ernmofl:  of  the  Falklard  iflands,  was  for- 
merly called  Port  Louis.  The  inner  part 
of  the  harbour  lies  in  the  J 7th  degree  of 
W  Ion.  and  in  S  lat.  51  50. 

Solimveu      See  Madera  River, 

Solomcns  IJIes,  or  Land  of  the  Arfacides,  3. 
group  of  iflands  concerning  the  exiftence 
of  which,  there  has  been  much  difpute, 
lie  about  1850  Spanifli  leagues  W  of  the 
coafl  of  Peru,  in  the  vicinity  of  New 
Guinea,  between  154  and  160  E  Ion.  fiom 
Paris,  and  between  6  and  12  S  lat.  They 
v/ere  firfl:  difcovered  by  Mendana,  in  his 
firfl:  voyage  in  1567.  Herrera,in  his  de- 
fcription  of  thefe  iflands,  reckons  18  prin- 
cipal ones  belonging  to  the  group,  from 
50  to  300  leagxies  in  circumference,  he- 
fide  many  of  a  fmalier  iize.  The  air  of 
thefe  iflands  is  falubrious,  the  foil  fertile, 
the  inhabitants  numerous,  and  of  differ-- 
ent  fliades  from  white  to  black.  The 
principal  of  thefe  iflands  are,  St.  Ifabella, 
(which  fee  )  St.  George,  St.  Mark,  St.  Ni- 
colas, Florida,  the  Ifland  of  Palms,    8cc. 

Solor,  a  military  townfliip  of  N.  York, 
Onondago  co.  has  370  inhabitants.  It 
embraces-  Solon  and  Cincinnatus,  and 
was  incorporated  in  1794. 

Sonibrera,  Somba'uera.,  or  Somhiero,  a  fmall 
defert  ifland  in  the  W.  hidies,  about  18 
miles  N  W  of  Anguilla.  It  is  about  a 
league  each  way,  and  is  thus  called  by  the 
Spaniards,  fiom  its  refemblance  to  a  hat. 
N  lat.  18  38,  Wlon.  63  37.  It  is  depend- 
ant on  Barinida. 

Somc'.fl-^h,  Fort,  a  Dutch  fort  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  rivers  Commewinc  and  Cot- 


tica  ;  the  latter  being  an  arm  of  Surrinam 
river. 

Servers,  a  townfhip  of  Connecfticut,  on 
the  N  line  of  'I'oUand  co.  which  feparates 
It  from  MafTachufetts.     It  contains  1354 
inhabitants,  and  is  24  miles  N  E  of  Hart-  ■ 
ford. 

Somerfet,  townfliip  In  Wafhington  co, 
Pemilylvania,  has  1321   inhabitants. 

Sowerfd,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Wind- 
ham CO.  10  or  12  miles  N  E  of  Bennington, 
has  130  inhabitants. 

Sotmrfd,  a  p()Q:  town  of  MafTachfuetts, 
Eriftol  CO.  on  Taunton  R.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1790,  and  contains  1232  in- 
habitants. It  is  9  miles  E  of  Warren  in 
Rhode  Ifland,  and  49  foutherly  of  Bofion. 

Somerfet,  a  well  cultivated  co.  of  N.  Jer- 
fey,  on  the  N  fide  of  the  great  road  from 
N.  York  to  Philadelphia.  The  foil,  ef- 
pecialiy  on  Raritan  R.  and  its  branches, 
is  good,  and  produces  good  crops  of  wheat, 
of  which  great  quanl'tiesare  annuallv  ex- 
1  ported.  It  is  divided  into  6  towniliips, 
j  which  have  3  churches  for  Pre fbyterians, 
5  for  the  Dutch  Reformed,  i  for  Dutch 
Lutherans,  and  i  for  Anabaptiils.  It  con- 
tains 12,815  inlxabitants,  including  1863 
flaves. 

Somerfet,  the  capital  of  the  above  co, 
fituated  on  the  W  fide  of  Millflone  R.  It 
contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about  30 
J).oufes.  It  is  13  miles  N  W  of  N.  Brunf- 
wick. 

Somerff,  a  CD.  of  Maryland,  bounded  E 
by  the  (late  of  Delaware  and  Worccfler 
CO.  W  by  the  waters  of  Chefapeak  Bay. 
It  contains  17,358  inliabitants,  including 
'JAZ'^  flaves  Wafliington  Academy,  in 
this  CO.  was  inftituif^d  by  law  in  i  779.  It 
was  founded,  and  is  fupported  by  volun- 
tary fubfcriptions  and  private  donations; 
is  authoiifed  to  receive  gifts  and  legacic^^, 
and  to  hold  20CO  acres  of  land. 

So??iefet,  a  CO.  of  Pennfylvania,  bounded 
N  by  Huntingdon,  and  S  by  Alleghany  co. 
in  Maryland,  and  v  divided  into  13  town- 
fhips,  and  contains  10,188  inhabitants. 

Sowerft,  a  poft  town  in  Sonieifet  co. 
Pennfylvania,  189  miles  from  "Wafliington. 
It  has  1 43 1  inhabitants. 

Somcrfivorth,  a  townfliip  of  StraiTord  co, 
N.  Hampfliire,  containing  932  inhabit- 
ants. It  was  taken  from  Dover,  {rem 
which  it  lies  adjoining  to  the  N  E,  and 
incorporated  in  I754-  A  dreadful  flun.i 
of  thunder  and  lightning  happened  here 
in   May,  1779. 

Souiers  Jfcs.      See    Bfrmu'iu. 

Sou  go  River,  in  IMainc,  is  formed  l>y  z 
branclici 


sou 


sou 


bfanches  wlilch  unite  jn  Raymond  town,  • 
about  3  miles   from  Sebago  Pond.     The  | 
longeft  branch  rifes  in  Greenland,  about  3  I 
miies'  from    Amerifcoggin  R.  where  is  a  ' 
plohd    cafled   So/igo   Fond^    1  miles    long. 
This  ftrcam,^  which  purfaes   a  foutherly 
courfe  for  at'leaft  70  miles,  is  fo  free  from 
rapids,  that  timber  may  be  brought  con- 
veniently from  within  a  few  miles  of  its 
head.      The  other    branch  comes  from 
Waterford    and     Suncook,     and     paflcs 
tiirough  a  number  of  fmall  ponds ;  then 
falling  into  Long  Pond\,  it  proceeds  through 
Brandy  Pond,  and  meets  the  other  branch. 
It  is  boatable  its  whole  length,  25  miles. 
See    Oi-aMgetoivn  or    Greenland^   and    Sebago 


Pond 


fubdivinon  of  the  S  divifion  of 


N.Mexico,  in  N.  America.  Chief  town, 
luape. 

Sonfonafe,  a  fea  port  town  and  bay  on 
the  coaO:  of  Mexiro. 

Sophiafburgb  Toxr?'Ji'p,  in  Prince  Ed- 
ward CO.  U.  Canada,  lies  N  W  of  Hal- 
lo well,  and  in  the  bay  of  Qurnte. 

Snrrel  Rrver,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  which  after  a  coiirfe  of  about  69 
miles  N.  em.pties  into  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, in  N  lat.  46  10,  and  Ion.  7a  25  W. 
J^orrel  Fort,  built  by  the  French,  is  at  the 
weftern  point  of  the  mouth  of  this  river. 

Sofovento,  a  n?.rae  a|/plicd  to  the  I,eiTer 
Antilles,  in  the  \7-  Indict.  Among  theie, 
th(?  chief  may  be  reckoned  Trinidad,  Mar- 
^aretta,  CuraiTou  and  Tortugas. 

Sctovento  lo^'os^  or  Leeivard  JJiand  of  Zea 
Wolves  or  Seals^  on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  is  7 
leagues  from  the  Barlevento  Lobos,  or 
Windward  Ifiand  of  Sea  Wolves.  It  is 
about  6  miles  in  circuit,  ?.nd  15  miles  from 
Cape  Aguja^  • 

Soudabfhool,  a  ftream  wliicii  enters  Pe- 
riobfcot  on  the  W  lide  in  the  tov/n  of 
Hamden.  j 

Sotieya-.vafxlnfra,  z   Canadian  fettlerncnt,  j 
in  lat.  47  17  30  N.     "  'I 

Souih,  a  fliort  river  of  Anne  Arundel  cO. 
?.laryland,  which  runs  cafterlv  into  Clief-  j 
apeak  Bay.     Its  mouth  is  about  6  miies  j 
F  of  Annapolis  city,  and  is  navigable  fot  { 
vefTels  of  burden  10  or  12  miles.  ,   I 

SoL-tb  Amboyy  a  townfnip  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Midd'efex  co.  and  contained  in  1790J 
2626  inhabitants. 

Vo-uth  jlmifrua,  like  Africa,  is  an  exten- 
fiv?  peninf'.ila,  coilnedled  with  N.  Amer- 
ica by  the  Klhrnus  of  Darieh,  and  divided 
between  Spain,  Portugal,  France,  Holland, 
and   the   Aborigines    as   follows  •     Sj'ain 


claims  Terra  Firma,  Peru.  Chili,  and 
Paraguay,  the  PorUiguefe,  Brazil  ;  the 
French,  Cayenne ;  the  Z).v/t:i, Dutch  Guiana; 
and  the  yiW/Vi;i^j,  or  original  natives,  Am- 
azonia and  Patagonia.  It  extends  from 
about  lat.  12  N,  to  54  S,  or  further  if  Ter- 
ra del  Fuego  be  included.  The  length  is 
3960  geog.  miles,  the  breadth  2880.  This 
part  of  America  was  probably  peopled 
from  Africa.  The  religion,  excepting  the 
Dutch  territory  and  a  few  tribes  of  fav- 
ageB,  is  Roman  Catholic.  I'he  fputhern 
part  of  S.  America  experlenc  es  fevere 
frofts,  and  almofl;  perpetual  winter.  In 
the  torrid  zone,  fo  lofty  are  the  mountains, 
that  the  greatefl:  inconv^enience  is  the  ex- 
treme cold  of  the  mountains,  andmoiRure 
of  the  plains.  In  Peru  the  fummer  is  dry 
and  cold.  S.  ^Imerica  has  no  inland  feas, 
and  few  lakes.  In  Amazonia  and  Brazil 
there  are  none.  Titicaca  in  Peru  is  the 
mofl  important  piece  of  water  in  this 
part  of  the  continent,  its  figure  is  oval, 
240  miles  in  circumference,  the  depth,  70 
or  80  fathoms.  Amazon  is  the  greatefl: 
liver  in  the  world,  itslength  is  3300  miles, 
in  fome  parts  no  bottom  is  found  with  a 
line  pf  103  fathoms.  Oronoco  is  a  noble 
river. '  The  mountains  are  the  mofl  lofty 
on  the  globe  ;  volcanoes,  fubliinc  and 
terrible,  are  numerous.  The  extent  of 
the  Andes  is  4600  miles,  Chimborozo,  100 
miles  S  of  <^uito  is  20,  280  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  fea,  about  5000  feet  higher 
than  Mont  Blanc,  the  highefi:  mountain  of 
theold  world.  Catopaxi,a  volcano,  25  m.iles 
S  E  of  Quito  is  18,600  feet  high.  There 
are  befide  the  Andes,  3  other  remarkable 
chains  of  mountains,  that  of  the  Northern 
coafi:  between  9  and  10  N  lat.  that  of 
Parima  from  3  to  7  N  lat.  and  t-liat  of 
Chiquitos  bctv^een  15  and  20  S  lat.  The 
general  height  of  the  ilrfl  chain  is  from  6 
to  800  toifes.  Several  of  its  fummits  are 
perpetually  covered  with  fnow,  and  often 
pour  down  torrents  of  boiling,  fulphureou* 
water.  Tlie  fccond  range  of  Parima  is 
little  known.  It  ilretches  from  the  Andes 
E  -near  Popayan,  and  forms  cataratfis  in 
the  Oronoco,  Lat.  5  N.  The  third 
cliain  unites  the  Andes  of  Peru  and  Chili 
with- the  mountains  of  Brazil  and  Par- 
aguay. The higheft fummits  are  between 
lat.  15  and  20  S.'  The  chief  cities  in  the 
I^panifla  government  are  Lima,  Buenos 
Ayres,  and  Bogota.  Rio  Janicro  is  the 
capital  ofthe  Pbrtuguefe  province  of  Bra- 
zil. From  Buenos  Ayres  there  is  a  poft 
I  road  with  convenient  relavs  of  horfes  and 
j  carriages  to  Peru.     "  '  Finlerion. 

I  '■  Sout!jai::picn^ 


sou 


sou 


Soutijampion,     See  South  Hjmpiop.. 

South  Anna,  a  branch  of  North  Anna 
river,  in  Virginia,  which  together  form 
Pamunky  river. 

South  Bay,  is  an  arm  of  Lake  Cham-  I 
plain,  which  from  the  S  end  of  the  lake 
extends  itfelf   in  a  S   wefterly  dircdtion. 
At    the  ftrait    wlicre  it  unites  with  the  j 
lake  it  receives  Wood  creek  from  the  S.  ; 

Souiljhorou^hy  a  fmall  townfliip  in  the  ' 
eaftcrn  part  of  Worcefter  co.  MafTachu-  I 
fctts,  incorporated  in  1727,  contains  871.  | 
inhabitants,  and  is  30  miles  W  by  S  of  j 
Bofton.  j 

South  Bojlon,  a  fmail  town  in  Halifax  co.  j 
Virginia,  on  the  N  fwle  of  Dan  river.  j 

South  Branch  H^vje,  a  ftation  of  the  j 
Hudfon's  Bay  Company,  in  N.  America,  S 
fituated  on  the  E  fide  of  Salkafliawan  j 
river,  1 

South  Br'w-fid.U  a   townfhip  of  Maffa-  } 
chufetts,  HamplTiire  co.  about  '^$  miles  S 
E  of  Northampton,   and   80  wefterly  of 
Bofton.     It  was  incorpf)ratcdin  1762, and 
ContalVis  774  inhabitants. 

Snuthbury,  a  town  of  ConnccHcut, 
Litchfield  CO.  20  miles  N  E  of  Danbury, 
and  51  N  W  of  Hartford.  It  has  1757 
inhabitants. 

South  Caralbia,  one  of  the  United  States 
of  America  ;  bounded  N  by  N.  Carolina  ; 
N  W  by  TenefTee  ;  E  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  ;  S  and  S  W  by  Savannah  river, 
ami  a  branch  of  its  head  waters,  called 
Tugulo  river,  which  divides  this  State 
from  Georgia.  It  lies  between  32  and 
35  8  N  lat.  and  between  78  and  81  W 
Ion.  from  London.  It  is  in  length  about 
aoo  miles,  in  breadth  T25,  and  contains 
!24,o8o_fqnare  miles,  9570  of  which  IJe 
above  the  falls  of  the  rivers,  and  14,51^ 
between  the  falls  and  the  Atlantic.  It 
was  divided  into  9  diftric'ls,  Charlef.on, 
Beaufort,  and  Qeorgetoivn  conflituting  what 
is  called  the  Loiver  Country^  and  Ninety 
Six,  IVaJhingtony  Pinckney,  Camden,  Orange^ 
lurg.  and  Cheriiiv  diflr!i.T:s,  colled  the  Up- 
per Country.  Tlvife  9  diftricls  have  late- 
ly been  formed  into  26  fubdivifions,  or 
judicial  difiricls,  which  foilov/. 

Diftrias.  Total  Inhabitant.        Slaver. 

41,945 

20,471 

ic,86o 

?mI55  I 
1,690  I 
1,804  ; 


1  Charleflon, 

57,486 

2  Colleton, 

24>903 

3   Beaufort, 

20,428 

4  Georgetown, 

20,332 

5   Orangeburg, 

15,-66 

6  Sumpter, 

i.^.J03 

7   Marion, 

6,914 

8  Barnwell, 

7,376 

9  VPrk, 

1P>248 

10  Chcftcr, 

8,185 

1.164 

II   Fairfield, 

jo,o97 

i,-968 

12  Laurens, 

12,809 

1,91^ 

13   ^endleron, 

20,052 

2,224 

14  Greenville, 

11,504 

1,43? 

15  Spartanburgh, 

12,122 

1,467 

16  Union, 

10,235 

1,697 

17  Egefield, 

18,130 

5,006 

18  Abbevills, 

13^553 

2,964 

19  Rkhland, 

6,097 

3,033 

20  Lancafter, 

5,012 

1,076 

21   Kerfl\aw, 

7>3AO 

2,530 

22  Newberry, 

12,006 

2,204 

23  Chefterf^eld, 

5,216 

1,14^ 

24  Marlborough, 

^>45^ 

1,395 

25  Darlington, 

7,631 

2,336 

26  Horry, 

2,606 

0,708 

345,591  146,151 
The  militia  of  the  ftate  is  divided  into 
two  divillons  ;  each  ccmimanded  by  a 
Major  General.  Thefe  divifions  compre- 
hend 0  brigades,  39  regiments  of  infantry, 
8  regiments,  and  a  Ajuadron  of  cavalry, 
and  one  regiment  and  batallion  of  artilltry, 
befide  artillery  companies  attached  to 
fome  regiments  of  infantry.  The  who'e 
include  35,785  men.  This  (late  is  water- 
ed by  many  navigable  rivers,  the  prlnci- 
pyl  of  which  are  Savannah,  Edifio,  Santre, 
JPedee,  and  their  branches.  The  Santee 
is  the  largeft  river  in  the  ftate.  Thofe  of 
a  fecondary  fize,  as  you  pafs  from  N  to 
S,  are  Wakkamaw,  Black,  Cooper,  Aihe- 
poo,  and  Combahee  rivers.  In  the  third 
clafs  arp  comprehended  tho^c  rivers  which 
extend  but  a  flio.rt  diftance  from  the  ocean, 
and  ferve,  by  branching  into  numberlefs 
creeks,  as  drains  to  carry  off  the  rain  wa- 
ter which  comes  down  fr«im  the  large  in- 
land fwamps,  or  are  merely  arms  of  the 
fea.  The  tide  in  no  part  of  the  ftate, 
flov/s  above  25  miles  from  the  fea.  A  ca- 
nal of  21  miles  in  length,  conneiSting 
Cooper  and  Santee  rivers,  is  completed, 
which  coft  ^150,000  flerling  ;  the  com- 
pany are  allowed  to  ralfe  a  toll  of  25  per 
cent,  on  the  fum  acSluallv  expended.  It 
Is  ;^S  f^et  wide  at  top,  20  at  the  bottom. 
It  is  death  by  the  law  for  any  man  will- 
fully to  break  or  deflroy  any  part  of  it. 
Another  can^l  is  foon  to  be  begun  to  unite 
the  Edifto  with  Afliley.  Several  compa- 
nies are  iqcory^rated  for  the  improve- 
ment of  inland  navigation.  It  is  alfo  in 
contemplation  to  make  a  waggon  road 
from  the  fcttlements  in  S.  Carolina,  over 
the  mountains  to  Knoxville,  in  Teneuec  ; 
and  a  fum  of  money  has  been  voted  for 
that  purpofe.    The  only  harbours  of  note. 


sou 


ou 


arc  thofe  of  CharleQon,  Port  Royal,  and 
Ceoi-geto\.'n.  The  elinintc  is  different  in 
cliifercnt  parts  of  the  flatf.  A'ong  the 
fea  coaft,  bilious  diteafcs  and  fever^  of 
Various  kinds  are  prevalent  between 
Ju!y  and  Odtober.  The  probability  of 
dying  is  much  greater  between  the  20th 
of  June  and  the  20th  of  October, 
than  in  the  other  tight  months  in  the 
year.  One  caufe  of  thtfe  difcafes,  is,  a 
low  rnarfhy  country,  which  is  overflo'-ved 
for  the  fake  of  cultivating  rice.  TIi£  ex- 
hdaiions  from  thcfe  ftagnated  waters, 
from  the  river?,  and  from  the  neighbour- 
ing ocean,  and  the  profufe  perfpiraiion 
«)f  vegetables  of  ail  kinds,  which  cover 
the  ground,  £\i  the  air  with  moifture. 
7  his  nioiruire  falls  in  frequent  rains  and 
copious  dens.  From  adlual  obf^rvation, 
it  has  been  found  that  tlve  average  ar.nu- 
;il  tall  of  rain,  for  ten  years,  was  43  inches, 
without  regardingthemoiflure  that  fell  in 
fogs  and  deu^s.  The  great  heat  of  tjie  day 
relaxes  the  body,  and  the  agreeable  cool- 
liefs  of  the  evening  invites  iQ^an  expofure 
to  thefe  licavy  dews.  But  hot  only  does 
the  water  cm  the  low  griiundi^  and  rice 
l\vanips  become  in  a  degree  putrid,  and 
cniit  an  unwholefome  vapour,  but  when 
it  is  dried  up  or  drawn  off  from  the  fur- 
faceof  the  ground,  a  quantity  of  weeds  and 
jrrafs  which  iiave  been  rotted  by  the  wa- 
ter, and  auMiit'ls  and  fifli  which  have  been 
deftfcycd  l)y  it,  arc  expofed  to  the  intenCe 
heat  of  tlie  fun,  and  help  to  infe<^  tlie 
a'r  with  a  quantity  of  poifonous  eilluvia. 
Witliin  the  limits  of  Chariedion,  the  cafe 
is  very  different,  and  the  danger  of  con- 
tra-fling  difcafes  arifes  from  indolence 
and  excclr,.  Though  a  refidencc  in  or 
near  tiie  fwamps  is  very  injurious  to 
health,  yet  it  has  been  fatisfaclorily  af- 
certained,  that  by  removing  three  miles 
from  them,  into  the  pine  land  which  oc- 
cupies the  middle  ground  between  the 
rivers,  an  exemption  from  autumnal  fe- 
vers may  be  obtained.  The  difagrceable 
effects  of  this  climate,  experience  has 
proved, might  in  a  grcatmeafure  be  avoid- 
ed, by  thoic  inhabitants  whofe  cirumftan- 
res  will  admit  of  their  removal  from  the 
peigbourhood  of  the  rice  fwamps,  to 
I'talthier  fituations,  during  the  months  of 
July,  Auguil,  September  and  O^flobcr  ; 
find  ia  the  worft  fituations,  by  temper- 
ance -ind  care.  Violent  exercife  on  horfe- 
back  chiefly,  expofure  to  the  meridian 
rays  of  thcfun,  Hidden  flu)wers  of  rain, and 
the  night  air,  are  too  frequently  the  caufcs 
pf  levers  and  other  difordcrs.    Wou^d  the 

t 


,  fportfraen  deny  tbcmftlves,  during  th^ 
fall  months,  their  favourite  amufemcntsof 
hunting  and  fifliing,  or  confine  themfelves 
to  a  very  few  hours,  in  the  morning  or 
evening  ;  wQuld  the  induflrious  planter 
vifit  liis  fields  only  at  the  fanie  hours ; 
or  would  the  poorer  clafs  of  people  pay 
due  attention  to  tijeir  manner  of  living, 
and  obferve  the  precautions  recommend- 
ed to  them  by  men  of  knowledge  and  e:c- 
perichce,  much  licknefs  and  many  dif- 
treffing  events  might  be  prevented.  The 
upper  country,  fituated  in  the  medium 
betv/een  extreme  heat  and  cold,  is  as 
healthful  as  any  part  of  the  U.  States. 
The  mountains  are  ranged  in  regular  di,- 
rections.  The  climate  is  agreeable  ;  tlie 
fnow  is  feldom  .more  than  an  inch  deep, 
thawing  at  the  firft  appearance  of  the  fun. 
Sometimes  the  ponds  permit  Aiding  and 
fkating.  Vegetation  commences  in  Feb. 
The  maple,  the  willow  and  alder  firfl  ; 
foon  after  the  plumb  and  peach  trees  are 
in  bloffom.  Hurricanes  and  florms  are 
not  unfrcquent  in  this  climate.  Except 
the  high  hills  of  Santee,  the  Ridge,  and 
fome  few  other  hills,  this  country  is  like 
one  cxtenfive  plain,  till  you  reach  the 
Tryon  and  Ilogbaek  Mountains,  220 
miles  N  W  of  CJiarleflon.  There  is  ex- 
hibited from  the  top  of  thefe  mountains 
an  extenfive  vit\y  of  this  ftate,  N.  Caro- 
lina, and  Georgia.  And  as  no  obje^ft  in- 
tervenes f o  obfhu A  tlie  view,  a  man  with 
trfefccfic  eyes  might  difcern  veffels  at  fea. 
The  movintains  W  and  N  W  rife  much 
higher  than  thefe,  and  form  3  ridge,  which 
divides  the  waters  of  Teneffce  and  San- 
tee rivers.  The  fea  coaft  is  bordered 
with  a  chain  of  fine  fea  illands,  around 
r.'hich  the  fea  flows,  opening  an  excellent 
inland  navigation,  for  the  eonvtyaftce  of 
produce  to  market.  N  of  Charltlton  har- 
bour, lie  Bull's,  Dewee's  and  Sullivan's 
iflands,  which  form  the  N  part  of  the 
harbour.  James'  ifland  lies  on  the  other 
fide  of  the  harbour,  oppofite  Charlefton, 
containing  about  50  families.  Further  S 
W  is  John's  illand,  larger  than  James' ; 
Stono  river,  v/hich  forms  a  convenient 
and  fafe  harbour,  divides  thefe  lllands. 
Contiguous  to  John's  illand,  and  connect- 
ed with  it  by  a  bridge,  is  Wadmelaw  ;  E 
of  which  are  the  fmall  iilcs  of  Keywaw 
and  Simmon.  Between  thefe  and  KdiOo 
inand,isN.  Edi{iObdet,wliieh  alio  affords 
a  good  harbour  for  veffels  of  eafy  draftof 
water.  S  of  Edifto  Bland  isS.  EdiRo  In!a 
through  which  enter, from  the  northward 
all  the  veffels  bound  to  JScaufort,  Aflhee- 

[VD, 


sou 


sou 


jioo,   Combahee,  and   Coofaw.     Oa  the 

5  W  fide  of  St.  Helena  iHaad  lies  a  cluf- 
ter  of  illands,  one  of  the  largeft  of 
which  is  Port  Royal.  Adjacent'  to  Port 
Royal  lie  St.  Helena,'  Ladies  Ifland, 
Paris  Ifland,  and  tlie  Hunting  Iflands  j  or 

6  in  number,  bordering  on  the  ocean,  fo 
called  from  the  number  of  deer  and  otlier 
wild  game  found  upon  them.  All  thefe 
iflands,  and  fome  others  of  lefs  note,  be- 
long to  St.  Helena  paridi.  Croifing  Broad 
river,  you  come  to  Hilton  Hea!d,the  mofl 
fouthern  fea  ifland  in  Carolina.  W  and 
SWof  Hilton  Head,  lie  PInckney'?,  BullV, 
Dawfufkies',  and  fome  fmalLr  illands, 
between  which  and  Hilton  HeatI,  are 
Caiibogle  river  and  found,  which  form 
the  outlet  of  May  and  New  rivers.  The 
foil  on  thefe  illands  is  generally  better 
adapted  to  the  culture  of  indigo  and  cot- 
ton than  the  main,  and  lefs  fuited  to  rice. 
The  natural  growth  is  the  live  oak, 
which  is  fo  excellent  for  fliip  timber  ;  and 
the  palmetto  or  cabbage  tree,  the  utility 
of  which,  in  the  couftrudtion  of  forts, 
was  experienced  during  the  late  war. 
Alio  fmail  pines,  bay  trees,  cedar,  myr- 
tle, wild  olive,  prickly  pear,  feafide  oats, 
and  coarfe  faline  grafles.  Other  fpots 
lYiore  fertile  produce  white,  red  and  live 
Oak,  hickor}',  faffafras,  elm  and  laurel. 
The  whole  ftate,  to  the  di fiance  of  80  or 
100  miles  from  the  fea,  generally  fpeak- 
ing,  is  low  and  level,  almoil:  v/ithcut  a 
ftone,  and  abounds  more  or  lefs,  efpecial- 
ly  on  and  near  the  rivers,  v/ith  f.vamps 
cr  marfhes,  which,  when  cleared  and  cul- 
tivated, yield,  in  favourable  feafons,  on 
average,  an  annual  income  of  from  ao  to 
40  dollars  for  each  acre,  and  often  much 
more  ;  but  this  fpecics  of  foil  cannot  be 
cultivated  by  white  men,  without  endan- 
gering both  health  and  life.  Thefe  fwamps 
do  not  cover  an  hundredth  part  of  the 
ftate  of  Carolina.  In  this  diftance,  by  a 
gradual  afcent  from  the  fea  coail,  the 
land  rifes  about  190  feet.  Here,  if  you 
proceed  in  a  W  N  W  courle  from  Charlef- 
ton,  commences  a  curioufly  uneven  coun- 
try. The  traveller  is  conflantly  afeending 
or  dcfcending  little  fand  hills,  which  na- 
ture fcems  to  have  difunited  in  a  £roIlc. 
If  a  pretty  high  fea  were  fuddehly  arret- 
ed, and  transformed  Into  fand  hills,  in  the 
veiy  form  the  waves  cxifted  at  the  mo- 
ment of  transformation,  it  would  prefent 
the  eye  with  fuch  a  view  as  is  here  feen. 
Some  little  herbage,  and  a  few  fmall  pines, 
grow  on  this  foil.  The  inhabitants  are 
few,  and  have  but  a  fcanty  fubliftencc  on 


corn  and  f%veet  potatoes,  which  grow  here 
tolerably  well.  Yet  fertile  veins  of  land 
upon  a  clay  or  ma.'^l  foundation  occa- 
fionally  interfedl  thefe  barrens,  produc- 
ing white  and  red  oak,  chefnut  oak,  fliort 
leaved  pine,  gum,  hickory,  elm,  beech, 
walnut,  maple  and  many  other  kinds  of 
wood,  which  love  a  generous  foi'.  This 
curio-.is  country  continues  till  you  arrive 
at  a  place  called  the  Ii.\igt;  140  miles  from 
Charlefion.  This  ridge  is  a  remarkable 
tra6t  of  high  ground,  a»  you  approach  it 
from^the  fea,  but  level  as  you  advance  N 
W  from  its  fummit.  It  is  a  fine,  high, 
1  eaithy  belt  of  land,  well  watered,  and  of  ^ 
good  foil,  and  extends  from  the  Savannah 
to  Broad  river,  in  about  6  30  W  Ion.  from 
Philadtlpliia.  Beyond  this  ridge,  com- 
mences a  country  cxatflly  refciTibling  the 
northern  States,  or  like  Devonfliire  in 
England,  or  I.angneduc  in  France.  Here 
hills  and  dales,  with  ail  their  verdure  and 
variegated  beauty,  prefent  themfclves  to 
the  eye.  Wheat  fields,  which  are  rare 
in  the  low  country,  begin  to  grow  com- 
mon. Here  Heaven  h^s  bellowed  its 
bleifings  with  a  mofl:  bi)unLeous  hand. 
The  air  is  much  more  temperate  and 
healthful  than  nearer  the  fea.  The  hills 
are  covered  with  valuable  woods,  the 
vallics  watered  with  beautiful  rivers,  and 
the  fertility  of  the  foil  is  equal  to  every 
vegetable  production.  This,  by  way  of 
diftincT:ion,  is  called  the  U/>pcr  Cavniiy, 
where  are  diiTerent  modes,  and  different 
articles  of  cultivation  ;  where  the  man-* 
ners  of  the  people,  and  even  their  Ian- 
guage  have  a  ditfcrent  tone.  The  land 
ftill  rifes  by  a  gradual  afcent  ;  each  fuc- 
ceeding  hill  overlooks  that  which  imme-- 
diately  precedes  it,  till,  having  advanced 
220  miles  in  a  N  W  direction  from 
Charlefton,  the  elevation  of  the  land 
above  the  fea  coaft,  is  found  by  menfura- 
tion  to  be  800  feet.  Here  commences  a 
mountainous  country,  which  continues 
rifing  to  the  wcflern  terminating  point 
of  this  flate.  The  mountains  arc  ranged 
in  regular  diredlions.  Of  the  particular 
fummits  Table  mountain  is  the  mofl  remark- 
able. It  rifes  in  Pendleton  diftrict,  W«f 
the  S  fork  of  Saluda  river,  4  or  5  mile* 
from  the  Nbounda'-y  of  the  ftate.  It  \% 
3168  feet  higher  than  the  furronnding 
country,  probably  4300  above  the  ocean. 
On  one  fide  is  a  precipice  of  folid  rock, 
900  feet  perpendicular;  tlie  vallev  below, 
is  equally  deep  on  that  fide,  making  the 
height  of  the  chafm  6  or  800  yards.  Wefl- 
ward  and  feparatcd  only  by 'a  Valley  rife$ 

the 


sou 


sou 


tlic  lofty  Colcaoy.      In   the  fame  diftrltEl 
the  Occonnce  mountain  lifts  its  fummit  5 
or  600  yards  above  the   adjacent    lands. 
Jbrom    Paris's   mountain    is   a    dehghtful 
j-srofpciSt.     Much  iron  oie  and  a  fpecimen 
of  gold  have  been  found  here.     Near  its 
bale  is  a  fulphur  fpring  of  flrong  powers. 
The  foil  may  be  divided  into  four  kinds  ; 
jirjl^  the  pine  barren,  which  is   valuable 
only  for  ics  timber,     hitcrfperfcd  among 
ihc  pine  barren,  are  traAs  of  land  free  of 
liniber  and  every  kind  uf  growth   but 
that   of  grals.      Thefe  trails   are   called 
Sa'Oannas,  conflituting  aylt-owf/ kind  erf  loll, 
good  for  grazing.     The  tuird  kind  h  tliat 
of  the  iwamps    and   low    grounds  on  the 
j-fvers,  which  is  a  mixture  of  black  loam 
and  fat   clay,  producing  naturally   canes 
in   great    plenty,    cyprcl's,   bays,  loblolly 
pines,  <5cc.     la  ihefe  fwauips  rice  is  culti- 
vated, which  conftitutcs  the   (laple  com- 
anudity  of  the    Itate.      The    high    landi,, 
commonly  known  by  the   name    of  oak, 
and  hickory  lands,  conftitute  the  fourth 
kind  of  fail.     The  natural  growth  is  oak, 
hickory,  walnut,  pine,  and   locull.     On 
thefe  lands,  in  the  low  country,  are  culti- 
vated  Indian   corn   principally  ;  and    in 
the  back  country,  bcfide  thefe,  they  raii'e 
tobacco    in  large   quantities,  wheat,  rye, 
barley,    oats,    hemp,   flax,    and     cotton. 
jFrom  experiments  which  have  been  made, 
it  is  well  afcertained  that  olives,  filk,  and 
jnadder  may  be   as  abundantly  produced 
in  S.  Carolina,  and  we  may  add  in  Geor- 
jria  aifo,  as  in  the  S  of  France.     I'here  is 
little  fruit  in  tJiis  ftate,  efpeeially  in  the 
lower  parts  of  it.      They  have  oranges, 
M-hich  are  chiefly  four,  and  figs  in  plenty, 
a  few  limes  and  lemons,   pomegranates, 
pears,  and  jieaches  ;  apples  are  fcarce,  and 
are  imported  from    the   northern  dates. 
Melons,  efpecially  the  water  mellon,  are 
raifed  here  in  great  perfection.     The  riv- 
er fvvamps.  in  which   rice  can  be  culti- 
vated with  any  tolerable  degree  of  fafety 
and  fuccefs,  do  not  extend  higher  up  the 
rivers  than  the  head  of  the  tides  ;  and  in 
cftimating  the  value  of  this  fpeeies  of  rice 
land,  the  heiglu  which  the  tide   rifes  is 
taken    into    confideratlon,   thofe     lying 
where  it  rifes  to   a  proper  pitch  for  over- 
flowing the  fwamps  being  the  mo(i  valua- 
ble.    The  beft  inland  fvvamps,  which  con- 
llwtutc  a  fecond  Ipecies  of  rice  land,  arc 
£uch  as  are  furnlflied  with  referves  of  wa- 
ter.    Thefe  referves  arc  formed  by  means 
of  large  banks  thrown  up  at  the   upper 
^larts  of  the  fwamps,  whence  it  is  convey- 
ed, when  needed,  to    the  fields  cf  rice. 


At  the  diftance  of  about  mo  miles  frofii 
the  fea,  the  river  fvvamps  terminate,  and 
the  high  lands  extend  quite  to  the  rivers, 
and  form  banks,  in  fome  places,  fcveral 
hundred  feet   high  from  the   furface   of 
j  the  water,  and  afford  many  exteniive  and 
j  delightful  views.     Thefe   high  banks  are 
I  interwoven  with  layers  of  leaves,  and  dif- 
j  ferent  coloured  earth,  and    abound   with 
I  quarries  of  free  ftone,  pebbles,  flint,  ciyf- 
'  tab,  iron  ore  in    abundance,  fiver,  lead, 
j  iulphur,    and    coarfe    diamonds.       The 
1  Iwamps,  above  the  head  of  tke  tide,  are 
I  occafionally   planted   with   corn,  cotton, 
and  indigo.     The  foil  is  very  rich,  yield- 
ing from  40  to  50  builiels  of  corn  an  acre. 
It  is  curious  to  obferve  the  gradations 
from  the  fea  eoaft  to  the  upper  country, 
with  refpecl  to  the  produce,    the   mode 
of   cultivation,  and  the  cultivators.      On 
the  idandsupon  the  fea  coaft,  and  for  ^o 
or  50  miles  back,  and  on  the  rivers  much 
farther,  the  cultivators  are  ail  Haves.    No 
white  man,  to  fpeak  generally,  ever  thinks 
of  fettling  a  farm,  and  improving  it  for 
himfelf,  without  negroes  ;  if  he  has  no 
negroes,  he  hires  himfelf  as  overfeer  to 
fome  rich  planter,  till  he  can   purchafe 
for  himfelf.      The  articles  cultivated   arc 
corn,  rye,  oats,  every    fpeeies   of   pulfe, 
and    potatoes,   which     with    the     fmali 
rice,  are    food  for   the    negroes   ;    rice, 
indigo,  cotton,  and  fome  hemp,  for  expor- 
tation.    The  culture  of  cotton  is  ea[)able 
of  being  increafed  equkl  toalmoflany  de- 
mand.    The  foil  was  cultivated,  till  late- 
ly, almoft    wholly   by    manual    labour. 
The  plough,  till  fince  the  peace  was  fcarce- 
ly  ufed.  Now  the  plough  and  harrow,  and 
other  improvements  are  introduced  into 
the  rice  fwamps  with  great  fuceefs,  and 
will  no  doubt   become   general.      In  the 
middle  fettlcments,  negroes  are  not  fo  nu- 
merous.    The  mafter  attends   perfon:tlly 
to  his  own   bufinefs.     The  land  is  not 
properly   fituated  for  rice.      It  produces 
tolerable  good  indigO  weed,  and  fome  to- 
bacco  is   raifed   for   exportation.      The 
farmer  is   contented   to  raife  corn,  pota- 
toes, oats,  rye,  poultry,  and  a  little  wheat. 
In  the  upper  country,  there  are  but   few 
negroes  ;  generally  fpeaking,  the  farmers 
have  none,  and  depend,  like  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  northern  ftates,  upon  the  la- 
bour of  themfelves  and  families  for  fub- 
iiftence  ;  the  plough  is  ufed  almofl:  whol- 
ly.     Indian    corn     in    great    quantities, 
wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  potatoes,  &c.  arc 
raifed  for  food  ;  and  tobacco,  wheat,  cot«> 
ton,  hemp,  flax  and  iiidijo,  fcr   exporta- 
tion. 


sou 


sou 


tidn.      Trom-   late     ext)ei  inunts    it    ha."^  , 
been  foimd  llru  vines  may  he  cultivated,  : 
and  wine  made  to  gre;it  advantage  ;  fnakc  ' 
root,  pink   root,  and  a  variety  ot  inedici-  ; 
iial  herbs  grow  fpontaneoufly  ;  alio,  ;^in-  j 
I'cng  on  and   near  the  mountains.     This  j 
country  abounds  \vit!\  precious  ores,I'uch 
as  jrold,  fil'.-er,   le:»d,' black    lead,  copper 
and  iron;  but  it  is  the  misforttine  bfthofc  j 
who  dire  '!t   taeir   puri'uits   in   fearch    of 
them,   that  thev    arc   dclicicnt   in     the 
knowlcdgecjf  chymifkry,  and  too  frcquent- 
]v  make  ulc  ot    ijTJpioper  iticnftruums  ill 
extratfling  the  rtfpetTtive  mttals.     ThtJre 
are  like-.vife  to  be  found   pclldcid  flones 
of  diiFerent    haes,  rock  cryital,  pyrites, 
petrified  rubftaaces,coarfe  cornelian,  mar- 
ble beautifully  varie^^ated,  vitreous  flone 
and  vitreous  land;  rid  and  yellow  ochres, 
which,  when   roaitcd  and  ground    down 
with   linfecd   oil  make  a  very  ex'celient  i 
paint  ;  alfo,  potter's  clay   of  a  n»(»ft  deli- 
cate texture,  fuller's  earth,  and  a  number 
of  dye  fiufVs,  amon^>  which  .is   a   fingular  j 
weed  which  yields  four  diiTcreut  colours,  j 
its  icaves  are  lurpriilngiy  ftyptic,  ftrong-  j 
ly    rcJemblinf^   tlic    taite  of  alum;  like- ii 
wife,  an  ab^pdance  of  chalk, crude  alum,  |i 
i"al[)hur,nifre,  vitriol, and  along  the  banks  ij 
©f  rivers  large  quantities  of  marl  may  be  jj 
colleilted.     There  are  alfo  a  variety  of  j! 
roots,  the  medicinal  efFcc3:s  of  which  it  is  1 1 
the  barbarous  policy  of  thofc  who  are  in  ij 
the    fccre*   to   keep  a  profound  myftcry.  !| 
TliC  rattle  fnake  root,  fo  famous  ainongd  \\ 
tlie  Indians  for  the  cure  of  poifon,   is  of  j! 
the  number,'     The  hand  of  nature  never  j; 
formed  a  country   \vith  more  natural  ad- 
Vantages,  orbieffed  it  with  a  more  ferene 
or   healthful   climate.     It  abounds  with 
game  of  all  kinds,  is  a  Very  fine   fruit 
country,  and  is  peculiarly  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  vines, the  olive,  ilik,  and  coffee 
trees,  and   the   produt!l;ion  of  cotton.     It 
t^  a   perfect,  garden  of  medictil  herbs,  and    i 
Its  medicinal  I'prings  are   not  inferior  to 
any  in  Europe.     Ttie  iron  works,  knovi'n  jj 
hv  the  name  of  the  JEra  JEt>ia  iron  -worls,  |' 
are  situated  in  York  co.  v.-itliin  two  miles  i| 
of  the  Catawba  river.     Witliin  the  com- 
pafs  of  two  miles  from  the  furnace,  there 
is  an  inexhauflible  quantity  of  ore,  which 
works  eafy  and  well  in  the  furnace.  The 
metal  is  good  for  hammers,  gudgeons,  or 
any  kind  of  machinery  and  hollow  ware,  ji 
and  will  make  good  bar  iron.    Some  tri?l 
has    been     made  of    it     in   flee),  and  it 
.promifes  well.     Nothing   is  neceflary  for 
preparing  the    ore  for  ufe,  but  burning. 
The  ore  coniiih  of  large  rocks  above  the 
Vol.  I.  Cc  c  c 


fiirface  ;  the  depth  not  yet  known.  Trt 
the  cavities  between,  lie  an  ochre  and  Iccdt 
ore.  .  k  is  faid  there  will  be  no  occaiiwn 
to  fink  iliafls  or  drive  levers  for  50  years 
to  come.  Thc-^ra  furnace  was  built  iii 
I787  ;  the^inain  1788.  Mr.  William 
Hdl,  one  of*  the  principal  proprietors  of 
thcfe  woiki,  has  contrived  a  method,  by 
nleans  of  a  fall  of  water,  of  blowing  all 
the  fires  both  of  the  forges  and  furnaces, 
fo  as  to  render  unnecefTary  the  ufe  of 
wheels,  cylinders,  or  any  other  kitid  of  be !  - 
lows.  The  machinery  is  fimple  snd 
cheap,  aftd  not  liable  to  the  accident  *ii 
freezing.  In  the  middle,  and  efpccially 
in  the  upper  Country,  the  people  manu- 
fadiure  their  own  cotton  and  wooUe  • 
cloth's,  and  molt  of  tlieir  hufbandry  tools  ; 
but  in  the  lower  country,  the  inhabitant-^ 
for  tliefe  article.-;,  depend  almoft  entire!)* 
on  thtir  m(  rchants.  I.ate  accounts  from, 
the  interior  parts  of  this  ftate  inform,  tlutc 
cotton,  hemp,  and  Hax  arc  plenty  ;  th:-.: 
they  have  a  confidcrable  (lock  of  good 
llicep  ;  that  great  exertions  arc  made,  and 
much  done  in  the  houieJiHd  way  ;  that 
they  have  long  bten  in  the  h;.bst  of  do- 
ing fomethingin  family  manufadlurcs, but 
witliin  a  few  years  pitft  great  improve^ 
nients  have  been  made.  ^  The  women  d.- 
thc  weaving,  and  leave  the  men  to  attend 
to  agriculture.  This  ffate  furnifiies  all 
the  materiais,  and  of  the  beft  kind,  for 
fliip  building.  The  live  oak,  and  the 
pitch  and  yellow  pines,  arc  of  a  fupcrior 
quality.  So  much  attention  is  now  paid 
to  the  manufadtare  of  indigo,  in  this 
flate,  that  it  bids  fair  to  rival  that  of  the 
French.  It  is  to  be  regretted,  that  it  is 
ftill  the  practice  of  the  merchants  con- 
cerned in  the  Carolina  trade,  to  fell  at 
foreign  markets  tlie  Carolina  indigo  of 
the  firfl:  quality,  as  French.  Gentlemen 
ijf  fortune,  before  the  late  war,  fcnt  their 
fons  to  Europe  for  education.  Duriu'T 
the  war  and  fmce,  they  have  generally 
fcnt  thtm  to  the  middle  and  northern 
ffatcs.'  Th^e  who  have  been  at  this  cx- 
pcnfe  in  educating  their  fons,  have  been 
but  comparatively  few  in  ni;mber,  fo  that 
the  literature  of  the  (late  is  at  a  low  ebb. 
Stnce  the  periee,  however,  it  has  begun 
to  flouridi.  There  are  feveral  refpecla- 
ble  academies  in  Charleflon,  one  at  Bear.- 
fort,  on  Port  Royal  Ifland,  and  feveral 
others  in  different  parts  of  the  flatc.  Six 
collc'-es  have  lately  been  incorporated  bv 
law,  but  they  deferve  no  higher  .-mp^ll;., 
tion  than  grammar  fchools.  Two  of 
thtm  bid  fitir  to  be  hum.ruble  to  tiit  Itatt, 

the 


S  OTT 


SOU 


the  Beaufort  and  S.  CaroIIaa  colleges.  At 
Beaufort  a  houfe  for  the  prefuient  h  built, 
and  contraifVs  made  for  eredlfng  a  college. 
The  S.  Carolina  college  is  to  be  erccStcd 
at  Columbia.     Part   of  the  old    barracks 
m  Charlefton  has  been  handfomely  fitted 
up,  and  converted  into  a  college,;  and 
there  are   a  number   of  (ludents  ;  but  it 
does  not  yet  merit  a  more  dignified  name 
than  tiiat  of  a  rei'pciSlable  academy.   The 
Mount  Sion  college,  at  Winnfborough,  is 
Supported  by  a  rcl'pccTbable  fociety  of  gen- 
tlemen, who  have  long  been  incorporated. 
This  Inftitution   flouriilies  and  bids  fair 
for  ufefulnefs.    The  colLge  at  Cambridge 
is  no  more  than  a  grammar  fchool.   That 
the  literature   of  this   (late  might  be  put 
upon  a  rcfpe^itable   footing,   nothing  is 
wanting  but  a  fpirit  of  enterprife  among 
ks  wealthy  inhabitants.     The  legiilaturc, 
in  their  feilion  in  January,  1795,  appoint- 
ed a  committee,  to  inquire  into  the  praifti- 
Cs'bility  of,  and  to  report  a   plan  for,  the 
eflabliflimeat  of  Ichools  in  the  dilt-rent 
parts  of  the  (late.      Since  the  revolution, 
by  which  all  dcnomiuHtions  were  put  on 
an  equal  footing,  there  have  been  no  dif- 
pates    between   difFereat   religious   fedls. 
They  all  agree  to  dilTer.    The  upper  parts 
of  this  (late  are  fettled  chiefly  by  i'rcfby- 
|;ri.ms,    Baptifls  and  Methodilis.     From 
the  moft  probable  calculations,  it  is  fup- 
poft-d  that  the  religious  denominations  of 
this  ftate,  as  to  nniubers,  may  be  ranked 
as   follows  ;   Preibyterians,  including  the 
Congregational  and  Independent  church- 
es,   Epifcopalians,    Baptids,    Methodifts, 
&c.     In  this  ftate  are  a  number  of   chari- 
table focietics.     The   S.  Carolina  fociety 
has  large  funds,  nearly  _^xo,ooo  fterling. 
From  this  fund  unfortunate  families  of  its 
deceafed  members  are  fupported  and  the 
children  educated.     The  annual  expendi- 
ture of  the  ellabliflimcnt   for  orphans  is 
about  I3,34i  dollar?.     In  9  years  after  its 
iaftitiition,  544  girls,   and  941  boys  were 
entered  in  its  books.     The    little  atten- 
tion that  has  beeai  paid  to  n^nuradturcs, 
occafions  a    vaft  confumption  of  foreign 
imported  articles  ;  but  the   quantity  and 
value  of  their  exports  generally  Itave  a 
balance  in  favor  of  the  ftate,  except  when 
there  have  been  large  importations  of  ne- 
groes .   The  foreign  trade  of  S.  Carolina 
is  with  Europe  and  thcW. Indies.  To  thefe 
countries  are  exported  rice,  indigo,  cot- 
ton, tobacco,  tar,  pitch,  turpentine.   The 
following  is  the  amount  of  tonnage  of  the 
Hate  for  3  years.   .  In  1796  it  was  36,985 
tofis,  ia  X797,  39)«»>  ««  i793>4i>876. 


The  exports  of  the  ftate  for  the  followingf 
years  were  in  1791,  2,603,267,  in  179*, 
2,4ai,a49>  "1  i793>  3.i9t>897.  '^^  J794j 
3,867,908,  in  1795,  5,998,492*  in   1796. 
7,620,049,  in   1797,    949,6a2,   in  1798, 
6,994,179,    in  1799,   8,729.015,    in  180T, 
10,639,365  dollars.     Charlefton  is  by  far 
the   moll:    confiderablc   city    on  the   lea 
coafl,  for   an  extent  of  600  miles.     From 
it  are  annually  exported  about  the  value 
of  two  millions  and  a  half  of  dollars,  in 
native     commodities   ;    and   it  fupplics, 
with  impoited  goods,  a  great  part  of  the 
inhabitants  of  N.  Carolina  and   Georgia, 
as  well  as  thofc  of  S.Carolina.     The  har- 
bour is  open  all  the  winter,  and  its  con- 
tiguity to  the  W.  India  iftands  gives  the 
me  rchants  fuperior  advantages  for  carry- 
ing on  a  peculiarly  lucrative  commerce. 
A  waggon  road  of  fifteen  miles  only  is  all 
tiiat  is  wanted,  to  open  a  communication 
with  the  inhabitants  of  Teneilee.    Knox- 
ville,  the  capita!  of  that  fl:ate,  is  100  miles 
nearer  to  Charleflon  than  to  any  other 
cnnliderable  feaport  towii  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.     The  reformation   in  France  oc- 
cafioued  a  civil  war  between  the  Protef- 
tant  and  Catholic  parties  in  tliat  king- 
dom.     During  thefe   domcfl^.c  troubles, 
,  Jafperde  Coligni,  a  principal  commander 
;  of  the  proteftant  army,  fitted  out  ^  iliips, 
I  and  fent  them  widi  a  colony  to  America, 
I  under  the  command  of  Jean  Riband,  for 
i  the  purpofe   of  fecuring  a  retreat  from 
profeculion.  Ribaudlanded  atwhatis  now 
j  called  Albemarle  river,  in   N.  Carolina, 
i  This    colony,   after   enduring  incredible 
hardflirps,  were  extirpated  by  the  Span- 
iards.    No  further  attempts  were  made 
to  plant  a  colony  in  this  quarter,  till  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  of  Hngland. 

Scuti^  Eaj?,  a  poft  town  in  Dutchefs  co. 
N.  York,  300  miles  from  Wafiiington.  It 
has  1956  inhabitants. 

Southern  States  ;  the  ftates  of  Maryhwdy 
Firglniay  Kejitiicky,  N.  Carolina^  Tcncffee,  S. 
Carolina,  and  G^cr^icr, bounded  N  by  Penn- 
fylvania,  are  thus  denominated.  This 
d'iftridt  of  the  Union  contains  upwards 
of  1,900  000  inhabitants,  of  whom 64 8,4 3 9 
are  flaves,  \\h\chhtblrteen  frurteenths  of  the 
whole  number  of  flaves  in  the  United 
States.  The  influence  of  flavery  has  pro- 
duced a  very  diftinguifliing  feature  in  the 
general  characSter  of  the  inhabitants, 
which,  though  now  difcernable  to  their 
difadvantagc,  has  been  foftened  and  me- 
liorated by  the  benign  effevfls  of  the  rev- 
olution, and  the  progrefs  of  liberty 
and  humanity.  The  following  may  be 
confidferei 


s  o  u 


sou 


vConfidcred  as  the  principal  prodiivTlions 
of  tills  divifion  ;  tobacco,  rice,  indigo, 
wheat,  corn,  cotton,  tar,  pitch,  turpentine, 
and  lumber.  In  this  diftridt  is  fixed  the 
permanent  feat  of  the  general  govern- 
ment, viz.  the  city  of  Wafliingtou. 

Soui/jJiL'ld,  ii  iowndup  in  MalTachufetts, 
S  E  corner  of  Berkihire  co.  bounded  S  by 
the  Conneclicut  line, containing  aac  fouls. 
Soui/j  Gc-orgia,  a  clufter  of  barren  i Hands, 
in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  to  the  E  of  Cape 
Korn,  the  fouthern  point  of  S.  America  ; 
in  lat.  about  54  30  S,  and  Ion.  ;^6  30  W. 
One  of  thefc  is  faid  to  be  between  30  and 
to  leagues  in  length. 

Souil)  Iladley^  a  poft  tovvn  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the  E  bank  of 
Connedlicut  river,  la  miles  N  of  Spring- 
field, 6  S  E  of  Northampton,  96  W  of 
Bofton,  and  412  from  Waihington.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1753,  aixd  contains 
801  inhabitants.  The  locks  and  canals 
in  South  riadiey,  on  the  E  fide  of  Connec- 
ticut river,  made  for  the  purpoie  of  nav- 
igating round  the  falls  in  the  river,  were 
begun  in  1793,  and  completed  in  1795. 
The  falls  are  about  3  miles  in  length, 
and  hnce  the  completion  of  thefe  locks 
and  canaU,  there  has  been  a  confiderable 
increafe  of  tranfportation  up  and  down 
the  river.  Some  mills  arc  already  eredi- 
ed  on  thefe  canals,  and' a  great  variety  of 
water  works  may,  and  doubtlefs  will,  loon 
be  erected  here,  as  nature  and  art  have 
made  it  one  of  the  moft  advantageous 
places  for  thefe  purpofcs,  in  the  United 
States.  Caaals  aie  alfo  opening  by 
the  fame  Company,  at  Miller'^  Falls  in 
Montgomery,  about  sj  miles  above  thefe 
and  on  the  fame  fvde  of  the  river. 

South  Jlumpioiiy  a  co.  £)f  Virginia,  be- 
tween James's  river,  and  N.  Carolina. 
It  contains  7300  free  inhabitants,  and 
€23  flaves.  The  court  houfe  is  36  miles 
from  Norfolk,  25  from  Greenviile,  and 
399  from  Philadelphia. 

South  Hampton,  a  townfliip  of  N-  Hamp- 
fliire,  Rockingham  co.  on  the  S  line  of 
the  Clate,  which  fcparates  it  from  Maffa- 
ehufetts  ;  16  miles  S  W  of  I'ortfmouth,and 
6  N  W  fr«m  Newbury  porl.  It  was  taken 
from  Hampton,  and  Incorporatcxl  in  1 742, 
and  contains  3S7  inhabitants. 

Suuih  Jj./M'/>/<,«,s  tov^'nlhip  of  MafTachn- 
ft-tts,  Hampfliire  co,  and  Icparated  from 
jBaft  Hampton  by  Pawtucket  river.  It 
ivati  incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains 
983  inhabitants  ;  aboiit  9  miles  S  W  of 
Northampton. 

South  Jiamptor,  a  poft  town  of  N.  York, 
6iifit>Ik  CO.  Long  J.      I5y  means  of  Sa;jg 


Harbour,  it  carries  on  a  fmall  trade.  It 
contains  3670  inhabitants.  It  is  i  2  miles 
from  Sagg  Harbour,  i8  from  Suflblk 
court  houfe,  95  E  of  N.  York,  and  335 
from  Wafl^ington. 

South  Hampton^  two  townfliips  of  Penn- 
fylvania,  the  one  in  Buck's  co,  the  other 
in  that  of  Franklin. 

South  Hampton^  a  townfliip  in  the  eaft- 
ern  part  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  Halifax 
county.  It  was  formerly  called  Tatma- 
gouche,  and  is  35  miles  from  Onflow. 

South  Hamp  en,  a  poll  town  in  Genef- 
fee  co.N.  York,  486milesfrom\Va{hngtOR 

South  HempfeaJ,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York, 
Queen's  co.  Long  L  had  its  name  altered 
in  1796  by  the  legiflature  into  Hemp- 
ftead.  The  inhabitants  41 41  in  number, 
have  the  privileged  of  oyficring,  fiiliing, 
and  clamming,  in  the  creeks,  bays,  and 
harbours  of  N.  Hcmpftead,  and  they  in 
return  have  the  fame  rightinS.Hempflcad. 

South  Hero,  or  Grand  Ipand,  in  Lake 
Champlain.     See  Hero. 

'Southhold,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  Suf- 
folk CO.  Long  I.  It  includes  Fiflier's, 
Plum,  Robin's  nod  Gulf  Ifiands,  and  aE 
that  part  of  tlie  manor  of  St.  George  on 
th«  N  fide  of  I^taconock,  extending  W  to 
the  E  line  of  Brook  Kaven.  It  is  di- 
vided into  a  number  of  pariflies,  and  hou- 
fes  ft>r  public  wor  fliip,and  contains  22 1  o  in- 
habitants. It  was  fettled  in  1640,  by  the 
Rev.  John  Young  and  his  adherents,  orig- 
inally from  England,  but  lafl  fioni  Salem 
in  Maflachufctts. 

Soutkold  Toivfijlip,  in  Su  fTolk  co.  U. 
Canada,  lies  W  of  Yarmouth,  having  hke 
Erie,  for  its  fouthern  boundary.     Smyth. 

Southolu,  a  pofi;  tov/n  in  Suffolk  co.  N. 
York,  2)S7>  ttiiles  from  Wafliington. 

South  Hunth'^ton,  a  townfliip  in  Wefl- 
nioreland  co.  Pcnnfylvania. 

South'! ngtoi^  a  townfliip  of  Hai tford  co. 
Conneclicut,  20  miles  S  W  of  Hartford, 
and  22  N  of  N.  Haven.  It  has  1704  in- 
habitants. 

South  Kingjlon^  a  townfliip  of  Rhode 
I.  Wafliington  co.  on  the  AV  fideof  Narra- 
ganfet  Bay.     It  contains  2^3^  inhabitants. 

South  Mountain,  a  part  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  in  Pcnnfylvania.  Near  this 
mountain,  about  14  miles  from  the  town 
of  Carllfle,  a  valuable  copper  mine  was 
difcovered  in  Sept.  1795. 

South  Key,  a  fmall  irtand,  one  of  the 
Bahamas,  in  the  W.  Indies.  N  lat.  22 
21,  W  km.  74  6. 

South  Sea,  now  more  ufuall)'  diflinguifli- 
ed  by  the  name  of  Pacific  Ocean,  was  io 
named  by  the  Spaniards,  after  they  had 

pa/Te* 


SPA 


SPA 


pajTed  ©t^er  the  mduhtains  cf  the  Ifthmus 
of  Darien  or  Panama,  from  Nto  S.  It 
night  properly  be  named  the  Wtftern 
Ocean,  wltli  regard  to  America  in  gener- 
al ;  but  froxT]  the  Ifthmus  it  appeared  to 
rhem  in  a  fouthern  dIrecStion.'  In  the 
beautiful  iflands  in  thi«  ocean,  the  cold  of 
■winter  is  nevpr  known  ;  the  trees  feldom 
lofe  their  leaves  through  the  conftant 
fucceffion  of  vegetation,  and  the  trees 
bear  fruit  through  the  greatefl:  part  of 
the  year.  The  heat  is  always  alleviated 
by  alternate  breezes,  whilft  the  inhabit- 
atits  fit  tinder  the  fhaxlow  of  groves, 
adoriferous,  and  loaded  with  abundance. 
The  iky  is  ferene  ;  the  nights  beautiful ; 
and  the  fea,  ever  offering  its  iuexhaufti- 
ble  ftores  of  food,  and  an  eafy  and  pleaf- 
ing  conveyance. 

SoutI}  T/juk,  or  Southern  Thule,  in  the  S. 
^Atlantic  Ocean,  is  the  mod:  fouthern  land 
which  has  at  any  time  been  difcovered  by 
navigators.      8  lat.  59  34,  W   Ion.  27  45. 

5c;^^A7t/;V-f,  and  towniliip  of  MalTachu- 
fetts,  Hamplbit-e  co.  no  utiles  from  Bof- 
ton  and  12  S  W  of  Springfield.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1770,  and  contains  867 
inhabitants. 

South  Weji  Foln^,  in  Tene^'oe,  is  form- 
ed by  the  confluence  of  Clinch  with  Ten- 
eflec  river,  where  a  block  houfe  is  erect- 
ed, 40  miles  from  Knoxville,  and  587 
fjom  Wafhington.     Here  is  a  poft  offiG<'. 

Sotcfo  IVcJbif'^loH,  a  town  of  N.  Carf>lina, 
pn  the  N  E  branch  of  Cape  ler.r  river, 
■tvhich  is  navigable  thui)  f.ir  for  boats.  It 
i.s  23  miles  from  Crofs  Rtuds  near  Dup- 
lin court  houfe,  and  36  from  Wnmii'gton. 

Soutotix,  an  Indian  village  in  i.ouilian.% 
en  t!ie  W  fide  of  MifGfippi  river,  oppohtc 
to  the  Nine  Mile  Rapids,  22  niilts  beloW 
Wicfpincau  river,  and  28  above  Riviere 
a  la  Roche.     N  lat.  41  50. 

Soto  and  Prgs,  a  nnml)er  cf  large  ror ks 
lying  off  the  S  W  end  of  C;:tahunk  Kland, 
one  of  the  Elizabeth  Illauds,  on  the  coafl 
pf  Mafiachufetts. 

Spair.,  Neiv.      See  Mc'^i'trn. 

Spaniards^  Bay,  on  the  E  corifi:  of  Capc 
Breton  (.  i?  rtmnd  the  point  of  the  S  en- 
trance IntoPortDauphin.  It^'mouth  is  nar; 
row,  but  it  is  wider  witiiin  tid  it  branches 
into  tvv-^o  arms,  both  of  whicii  are  naviga- 
ble 3  Icat^ucs,  and  afford  afecure  harbour. 
N  lat.  4^>  '^o,  \V  Ion.  58    29. 

Spamjh  America^  '  contj'.ins  immcnfe 
provinces,  moft  of  which  are  very  fertile. 
hi  iV.  Aincrku.,  California,  Olu  Mtxipo,  or 
'N.Spain,  N  Mexico,  Florida!  2.  Inth^fr. 
Indies y  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  Porto  Rico, 'J  rin- 
7dad,  Mar^arctta,  Tortuga,  tkc      3.  In 


-<?.  America, Terr  A  Firma,Pfru,Chili,Tacui! 
man,  Paraguay,  and  Patagoniu  Thefe  ex- 
tcnfive  couitrics  are  defcribcd  und«r 
their  proper  heads.  Ail  the  exports  of 
Spain,  niort  articles  of  which  no  oilier 
Europe:ii>  country  can  fupply,  are  efrfh 
ma^te4  at  only  8o,ooo,coc  livrcs  o^ 
£Z^?>ZZ^2>Z2>  fterl.  The  mofl:  im^iortane 
trade  of  Spain  is  that  which  it  carried 
on  with  its  American  provinces.  The 
chief  imports  from  thefe  extenfive  cour^^- 
tries  conlift  of  g^'Id,  filver,  precious 
ftones,  pearls,  cotton,  c^coa,  cochineal, 
redwood,  fkins,  rice,  medicinal  herbs 
and  barks,  as  faffafras,  Peruvian  bark, 
&c.  Vanilia,  Vicunna  wool,  fugar,  an4 
tobacco.  In  1784,  the  total  amount  of 
the  value  of  Spanifli  goods  exported  to 
America, v.'as  i95,ooo,doorealesde  velion; 
foreign  commodities,  238,000,000  r.  d.  v. 
The  impnrts  frojn  America  were  valued  at 
900,000,000  r,  <1.  V.  in  gold,  fdver,  and  pre- 
cious fhmes;  and  upwards  cf  300,000,000 
r.  d.  V.  in  goods.  In  the  Gaj'-etta  de  Mad- 
rid, 1 787,  (Feb.  20)  it  was  flated,  that  the 
exports  to  America  (the  Indies)  from  the 
following  12  haibcvirs,  Cadiz,  Corunna, 
Malaga,  Seville,  Sr.  Lucar,  Santandcr, 
Canarias,  Alicante,  Barcelona,  Tortoia, 
Gipon,  St.  Seball:ian,  amounted,  in  1785, 
to  767,249,787  r.  d.  V.  the  duties  paid  vxi 
thefe  exports  amounted  to  28,543,702  r. 
d.  V.  I'h-e  imports,  both  in  goods  and 
money,  from  America  an4  the  W.India 
illands,  amounted  in  the  fame  year  to 
1,266,071.067  r.  d.  y.  nnd  the  duties  t(> 
63 ,472,195  r.  d.  V.  The  profits  of  the 
merchants  from  the  whole  American 
trade  was  valued  at  5,000,000  dollars. 

Spanijb  Creek,  is  at  the  licad  of  St.  Ma- 
rk's river  in  Florida. 

'  Spanifo  Main,  that  part  of  the  cor.ft  of 
America,  which  extends  from  the  ATof- 
quito  fnore,  along  the  northern  coafl  of 
Darien,  Cnrthageua,  and  Venezuela  to  the 
I>eeward  liies. 

Spartjk  River,  a  rivcr  and  fettlrment  in 
Ciipe  Breton  1.  and  the  prefent  feat  of  gov- 
enmient. 

Spanip-fotrn.       See  St.  yago  de  la  Vega. 

Sparhatik's  Point,  cm  the  N  fliore  of 
Pifcataqua  river,  abreafl:  of  which  fliips 
csn  anclior  in  9  fathoms. 

Sparta,  'A  poft  town  in  Sparta  co.  S. 
Carolina,  542  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Sparta,  a  port  town  of  N.  Jerfey,  SufTex 
CO.  117  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  253 
frbni  Wafhington. 

Sparta,  a  pofl  tov/n  of  Flancock  co. 
Georgia.  It  has  a  court  houfe  and  gaol  ;, 
it  Aai)ds  in  a  ioxiWt  and  populous  coun- 
try. 


s'p^a 


SPR 


^ry,  and  is  a  place   of  cnnfiL^crable  trade. 

Spartanburg}) y  ft  diftiicfl  of  S.  Carolina. 
It  has  12,122  inhabitants,  of  whom  1467 
pre  flaves.  The  court  houfe  is  30  miles 
from  Pmtkney,  35  from  Greenville,  and 
746  from  Phifade'phia. 

Sp^ar  Cafe,  on  the  E  fide  of  Kc\vfound- 
land  I.  is  about  3  or  4  miles  S  E  by  S  from 
i>t.  John's.     N  lat.  47  3 2, M'"  Ion.  52  15. 

Spehhfs  Toivry  on  the  W  fl'.ore  of  the 
illand  of  Earbadces,  rouards  the  N  part ; 
formerly  much  reforled  to  by  fliips  from 
BHdol,  and  from  thence  called  Little  Brif- 
tol  ;  but  moft  of  the  trade  is  now  remov- 
ed to  Bridgetown.  It  is  in  St.  Peter's 
parifli,  having  Sandy  Fort,  and  Margaret's 
Fort,  about  a  mile  S,  and  Haywood's  Fort 
on  the  Nat  half  the  diftance.  Jsflut.  10 
9,  W  Ion.  59  II. 

Sbencer,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co. 
!MaiTachufetts,  taken  from  Leicefter,  and 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains  1432 
inhabitants,  and  lies  11  miles  SVeflward 
of  Worcefter,  on  the  poft  road  to  Spring- 
field, and  5  8  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Spifnfle,  a  fmall  illand  at  the  head  pf 
^hefapeak  Bay. 

Spiritu  Sanio,  a  town  on  the  S  fide  of 
the  ifland  of  Cnba,  oppolite  the  N  W 
part  of  the  clufler  of  iJles  and  rocks  called 
Tardin  de  la  Pevna,  and  about  45  miles 
K  W  of  Ea  Trinidad. 

Spiritu  Santo,  or  Tiiwpay  B:^y,  called 
a.ifo  Flillfljorough  Bay,  lies  oir  the  W 
coaft  of  the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida  ; 
has  a  number  of  firoals  and  keys  at  its 
mouth,  ?.nd  is  9  leagues  N  N  W  ^  W  of 
Charlotte  Harbour,  and  56  S  E  by  S  ^  E 
t>f  the  bav  of  Apalache.  N  lat.  27  36, 
\N  Ion.  82  54. 

Spiritu  Santo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  S. 
America.  It  is  on  the  fea  coaft  in  a  vpry 
fertile  country,  and  has  a  fmall  caftie  and 
Mrbour.      s'lat.  20  10,  W  Icn.  41. 

Spiritif  Santo,  z  lake  towards  the  extrem- 
ity of  the  peninfula  of  E.  Florida  ;  S  from 
the  chain  of  lakes  which  communicate 
with  St.  John's  river. 

Split  Rnci,  a  rocky  point  which  projefe 
intoLake  Champlain,on  the  VV  fide  alnrnt 
/6  miles  N  of  Skeenfborough,  bears  this 
Tian\e.  The  lake  is  narrow,  and  no 
where  exceeding  two  miles  from  Skeenf- 
borough to  this  rock,  but  here  it  fudden- 
iy  widens  to  j  or  6  miles,  ^nd  the  waters 
become  pure  and  clear. 

Spotfivwdf  a  fmall  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
^iddlefex  CO.  near  the  W  fide  ofSoutli 
river,  which  empties  into  the  Rariton  in 
f  ^  ^  direction.    "The  iituation  is  gocd 


for  extenCvc  pinnufc^(51:orics,  p.n4  there  is 
already  a  paper  mill  here.  It  is  on  the 
Amboy  ftage  road,  9  miles  S  E  of  Prurf-, 
wick,  and   10  W  by  8  of  ?.Tidd!eton  Poin*, 

Sp/jffylvonia ,  acounty  of  Vii ginia, bound- 
ed N  by  Stafford,  and  E  by  Caroline 
county.  It  contains  6172  free  inhabit- 
ants, and  ^830  (laves.  It  is  hilly  ai:d  well 
watered  by  the  branches  of  the  Mattapo- 
ny  and  Rappahannock  rivers.  At  the  court 
houfe  is  a  poll  oflice,  78  miles  frpin  Waili- 
ington. 

SprivgfuIJ,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Windfor  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Conne<fti- 
cul  river,  oppofite  CKarlcJtcwn,  in  N. 
Hampfliire.      It  has  2032  inhabitants. 

Sprin^fiAd  a  town  in  the  N  part  of  Che» 
lliireco.N.Ha}npf}iirc,ha5570  inhabitants^ 

Springfield,  (the  Aaggawam  pf  the  In- 
dians) a  p(.fttownof  MalTachufetts  Hamp- 
fliire  CO.  on  the  E  fide  of  Conn e<£ti cut 
rivf  r  ;  20  miles  S  by  E  of  Northampton, 
97  W  S  W  of  Boftou,  28  N  of  Hartford, 
250  N  E  of  Philadelphia,  and  398  from 
Wafliington.  The  townlliip  pf  Spring. 
field  was  incorporated  in  1645.  It  con- 
tains 2812  inhabitants  ;  a  Conorcgatior>al 
church,  a  court  houfe,  and  a  number  of 
dwelling  houfe5,  mapy  pf  which  are  l;oth 
commodious  and  elegant.  The  town 
lies  chiefly  on  one  long  fpacious  ftreet, 
which  runs  parallel  with  the  river.  A 
ftream  from  tlie  hills  at  the  eallward  cf 
the  town,  falls  into  this  ftreet  and  fours 
two  branclies,  ■yvhith  take  their  courfe  in 
oppofite  direcTtiops,  one  of  tliem  runr)ir'; 
northerly  and  the  other  foutherly  plong 
the  eaftern  fide  of  the  ftreet,  and  aficrd 
the  inhabitants,  from  one  end  to  the  other, 
an  eafy  fupply  of  water  for  domefticufcs. 
Here  a  confiderable  inland  trade  is  carri- 
ed on  ;  and  there  is  alfo  a  paper  prill,  an 
arfcnal  and  armoiirv. 

Springfield,  a  polt  town  in  Hampfliire 
CO.  Virginia,  14c  miles  from  Waflrington. 

Sprit>gfrld,  a  poft  town,  in  \^''afliingtoii 
CO.  Kentucky,  629  miles  fromWaftripgton. 

Springfield,  a  poft  town  in  Robertfcm  co^ 
Teneftec,  765  rniles  from  Wafliington. 

Springfd'J,  a  townflnp  of  N.  York,  Ot- 
fego  CO.  at  the  N  end  of  Otfego  lake.  It 
is  61  miles  W  of  Albany,  has  a  good  foil, 
and  ^1584  inhabitants. 

Springfield,  a  poft  town  of  N.  Jerfev, 
Burlington  co.  of  a  gocd  foil  and  famed  for 
excellei:t  cheefe ;  fome  farmers  make 
io,ccolbs.  in  a  feafon.  The  inhabitants 
are  principally  Ouakcrs,whc  have  3  meet- 
ing houCes.  The  chief  place  of  the  town- 
flrip,  where  bufmefs  is  tranfacled,  is  a  vil- 


ST  A 


STA 


iage  called  Job's  town,  lo  miles  from  Bur- 
lington, anci  1 8  from  Trenton.  In  this 
towniliip  is  a  hill,  3  miles  in  length,  called 
Mount  Pilgah,  which  iurnifl.es  ftonei'or 
l^ullding.  Here  is  alfo  a  grammar  fchool. 
It  is  243  miles  from  Wailiington. 

Sj?ri'iipjie/J,  a  towniliip  in  EiTex  co.  N. 
Jerfey,  on  Rahway  river,  which  furniflies 
-fine  millfeats  ;  8  or  10  miles  N  Vv'  of  Ellz- 
^abethTowii.  Peat  for  firing  is  found  here. 

Springfdd,  the  name  of  4  towniliips  of 
Tennfylvania,  viz.  ia  Buck's,  Fayette,  Dei- 
aware,  and  Montgomery  counties. 

Spruce  Cred-,  urges  its  winding  courfe 
-through  the  marches,  from  the  mouth  of 
Piicataqua  river,  5  or  6  miles  up  into 
Xittery,  in  York  co.  Maine. 

Spiiriviftg,  a  river  of  Maine,  which  runs 
tliroiigh  Scarborough,  W  of  Cape  Eliza- 
^)eth,  and  i-*  navigable  a  few  miles  for  vef- 
.fcls  of  100  tons. 

Squa-.n,  a  lake,  part  of  which  is  in  the 
4-ownfliip  of  Kolderneli,  in  Grafton  co. 
>f.  Hiimplliire  ;  but  the  one  half  of  it  is 
ijn  Strafford  co.  It  is  about  j  mile«  long, 
.aiid  4  broad. 

^^.'/.Tw,  a  fliort  riv^r  of  N.  Hampflilre, 
the  outlet  of  the  above  lake,  which  runs 
;a  S  W  courfe,  and  joins  the  Pemigewaf- 
iet  at  the  town  of  New  CheQer,  and  10 
jnllcs  above  the  mouth  of  the  Wineplfe- 
,©gce  branch. 

Squam  Beach,  on  tlx£  fca  ooafl  o.f  N.  jCr- 
fev,  between  Earaegat  Inlet  and  Cranber- 
ry New  Inlet. 

r>q-ja:n  Harbour,  on  the  V.  E  fide  of  Cape 
Ann,  jVIau'i-chufeLts.  When  a  velTcl  at 
anchor  off  Newbury  Port  Bay,  parts  a  ca- 
'ble  and  lofes  an  anchor  with  the  wind  at 
N  E  or  E  N  E,  if  llic  can  carry  double 
4eeftd  falls,  flie  may  run  S  S  E  5  leagues, 
which  courfe  if  mack  good,  will  carry 
tier  a  little  to  the  eaftward  of  Squam  B^y. 
Squam  (Piiigco}i  Hdl)  lies  in  lat.  4a  40  N, 
andlon.  70  36- 

Square  Ilanu'^erzl'icf,  an  ifland  of  fv,me 
extent  in  the  W.  Indies,  which  lies  be- 
t\veen  lat.  215  and  ai  24  N,  and  between 
ion.  70  19  and  70  49  W. 

Squeaiig^eta  Ct\-el^\vi  N.  York,  a  N head 
water  of  Alleghany  river.  Its  mouth  is 
10  miles  N  W  of  the  Ichua  Toivn. 

St.iat'JJr^rgh^:\  poft  town  in  N.York  flate, 
}ic9  on  the  Elide  of  Hudfon's  river,between 
Rhynbeck  and  Poughkeepfie  ;  about  31 
fjiilesS  of  Hudfon,  and 80 Nof  N.York  city. 

Siaebroeck^  a  tov/n  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
in  G.  America,  en  the  E  fide  of  Demarara 
river,  a  mile  and  a  half  above  the  poll 
yvhich  ccnunands  its  entrance.     It  is  the 


feat  of  government  and  the  depcfitory  .of 
the  records.  The  ftatiun  for  the  flilpping 
extends  from  the  fort  to  about  2  miles 
above  the  town.  They  anclior  in  a  line 
from  2  to  4  abreaft 

Stafford^  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  by  Prince  William  co.  and  E  by  the 
Patowmac.  It  contains  5628  free  inhab- 
itants, and  4343  flavcs. 

Stafford,  a  townfliip  of  Conne«£Iicut,  in 
Tolland  co.  on  the  S  line  of  Alalfaclm- 
fetts,  12  or  15  miles  N  E  of  Tolland.  In 
this  town  is  a  furnace  for  cafting  holiow 
Y/are,  and  a  medicinal  fpring,  which  is  the 
refoxt  of  valetudinarians.  It  has  2344  in- 
habitants. 

Stafford,  New^  a  townfliip  cf  N.  Jerfey, 
in  Monmouth  co,  snd  adjoining  Dover  on 
the  S  W^  It  confifls  chiefly  of  pine  barr 
ren  land,  and  contained  883  iniiabitants 
in  1790. 

Stage  Jjland,  in  Maine,  lies  S  of  Parker's 
and  Arrowfike  iilands,  on  the  N  {Ae  o£ 
Small  Point,  conlifting  of  8  acres  not  ca- 
pable of  much  improven-.ent  ;  and  is  on- 
ly remarkable  for  being  the  firfl  land  in- 
habited in  New  England,  by  a  civilized 
people.     It  is  not  now  inhabited. 

Statnford  Toivnfaip,  in  the  county  0% 
Lincoln,  U.  Canada,  lies  on  the  W  fide  of 
Niagara  river,  and  S  of  Newark.  A  port 
of  entry  and  clearance,  is  eftab]ifi:ed  ia 
this  townfliip,  on  the  N  bank  of  Chippa- 
wa  river  near  the  bridge . 

Starjord,'i\  townfiiip  of  Vermont,  irj 
Eenniugtcn  co.  it  corners  on  Bennington 
to  the  S  E,  and  contains  383  inhabitants, 
and  has  good  interval  land. 

Stiimford,  a  poR  town  of  Conp.c(Slicut, 
Fairfield  co.  on  a  fmall  (tream  called  Mill 
river,  which  empties  into  Long  Ifiand 
Sound.  It  contains  a  Congregational  and 
Epifcopal  church,  about  45  compatSt 
dwelling  iioufes,  and  containd  435:* 
inhabitants.  It  is  10  miles  S  W  of 
Nor  walk  ;  44  S  W  of  N.  Haven  ;  44  N  E 
of  N.  York  ;  139  N  E  of  PhHadtlphiai 
and  288  from  Waihington.  The  town- 
fnjp  was  fv>rmerly  called  Jiippozvams.,  and 
was -fettled  in  1 641. 

Stamford,  a  poll  town  of  N.  York,  in 
Delaware  co.  taken  from  Woodftock,  and 
incorporated  in  1792.  It  has  924  in!  ab-^ 
itants,  and  is  447  miles  from  VVafliing con. 

Stafnford,  a  poit  town  in  I^incoln  co» 
Kentucky,  628  miles  from  Walliington.    ^ 

Standijh,  a  poft  town  of  JMaine,  on  the 
W  line  of  Cumberland  co.  between  Pre- 
fumfcut  and  Saco  rivers.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated ixi  17  8j,  and  contains   1226  inhabr 


s  r  A 


^TE 


itants  ;  i8  miles  N  W  of  Portland  ;  163 
Nof  BaH'jn,  and  6i6i"roni  Wailiington. 

Starford,  a  towiifliip  of  N.  York,J)utch- 
efs  CO.  taken  froai  Wuiliington,  aiitl  in- 
corporated ia  1793.  It  has  2344  inhab- 
itants. 

Stnnfor.i^  the  capital  of  I/incoln  co;  Ken- 
tucky; fitur.ted  on  a  fertile  plain,  aliout 
10  niile..  S  S  Lof  i)r,nviU3,  40  S  by  W  ot 
Lexingtcnij  and  52S  ti  E  of  Frankfort.  It 
cnniains  a  fbonc  court  houfe,  a  g:ioi,  and 
about  40  houfes. 

Stati'lead.  a  tqwnilnp,  iin  I^.  C^nadn, 
bounded  W  by  Lake  Msmphramagog,  S 
bv  Vermont.  !:  is  fettled  by  about  75c 
inhabitants,  a  promlfcuoiis  emigration 
froin  various  p  Tts  of  the  United  States. 

Vdanley  Valley^  lies  north  wefterly  of 
Carter's  Valley,  being  feparated  from  it 
by  a  ridge  and  row  of  knobs.  The  wa- 
ter is  good,  the  foil  rich,  and  the  land- 
fcapes  generally  agreeable. 

Sunivlx,  Old  F.ri,  in  the  State  of  N. 
of  York,  is  fituatea  in  the  towniliip  of 
Rome,  at  the  head  of  the  navigable  Avaters 
J^Ioliawk  river.  Its  foundation  was  liid 
in  1759,  by  fi en.  Broad fUoet,  and  built 
upon,  by  the  troops  of  the  United  States, 
during  the  late  war.  The  Britifli  made 
an  unfuccefsfu  attempt  to  take  it  in  1777. 

Starh,  a  town  in  Kenncbeck  co.  MaiiiC, 
on  the  W  fide  of  Kenncbeck  river,  W  of 
Norridgework,  and  25  niiks  N  \V  of  Au- 
gufta.  Sandy  river  enters  the  Kcnuebeck 
in  this  town, 

Starhjl)oroiigh,  a  townfhip  in  Addifon  CO. 
Vermont,  11  miles  E  of  Ferrifburg.  It 
contains  359  inhabitants. 

Staten  ijland,  lies  9  miles  S  W  of  the 
city  of  N.  York,  and  conflitutes  Rich- 
mond CO.  The  ifland  is  ?>.bout  18  miles 
in  length,  and  at  a  medium  6  or  7  in 
breadth,  and  contains  4563  inhabitants. 
On  the  S  fide,  is  a  confiderable  traCb  of 
level,  good  land  ;  but  the  iilandin  gener- 
al is  rough,  and  the  hills  high.  Richmond 
is  the  only  town  of  any  note,  and  that  is 
an  inconfiderable  place.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  defcendants  of  the  Dutch  and 
French  ;  and  are  noted  for  their  hofpi- 
taliry  to  Grangers,  and  love  of  their  na- 
tive fpot. 

f\taten  Land,  an  idand  at  the  extremity 
rf  S.  America,  about  30  miles  in  length 
and  12  in  breadth.  It  lies  to  the  ead- 
ward  of  the  E  point  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 
?.nd  fcotn  which  it  is  feparated  ly  Strait 
}«  Malre.  The  centre  of  the  ifland  is  in 
lat.  about  54  30  S,  and  Ion.  64  30  W. 

Suujhurg^  a  poft  t«wn  of  iS.  Carolina 


and  the  capital  of  Clermont  ca. '  q.v\  th^'ti 
lide  of  Beech  Creek,  v/hich  unites  with' 
Shanks  Creek,  and  empties  into  the  Wa- 
teree,  a  few  miles  below  the  town.  It 
contains  1(5  or  12  b')uiep,  a  court  houiV 
and  gaol.  It  is  20  uiilos  S  by  £  of  C.;m- 
den,  100  Nby  VY  of  Charlefton,  and  4y;v 
from  Wafliington. 

StatefvUle,  a  poll:  town  in  Iredell  co.  N. 
Carolina,  441  miles  from  Wafliington 

Sfanniorj,  a.  poft  town  of  Virginia,  and 
the  capital  of  Ar.gx'ita  co.  It  is  on  the  fy 
E  fide  of  Middle  R.  a  wster  of  Patow- 
mack,  a  little  N  of  Madfiifou's  Cave.  It 
contains  p.bout  160  houfes,  mouiv  built  of 
ftone,  a  court  houfe  and  gaol.  It  is  9.-; 
miles  from  the  Sweet  Springs,  loc  S  Why 
S  of  Winchcftsr,  126  W  N  W  of  Rich- 
mond, and  177  from  V.'aOiington. 

Str/ufitnn,  one  of  tlie  principal  branches 
of  Roanoke  R.  It  rif-js  on  the  weflerii 
fide  of  the  blue  ridge,  HikI  there  has  the 
nam^e  of  Roanoke ;  but  as  foon  as  k 
paiTes  through  the  ridge,  it  takers  the  name 
of  Staunton,  which  it  {/Fefcrves  toit'^  con- 
fluence v.'ith  Dan,  and  there  reiume^  tiie 
name  Roanoke  Staunton  and  Dan  are 
very  nearly  of  the  fame  fize  where  they 
unite.  It  might  be  made  navigable  for 
100  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  flreams 
it  receives  are  Sm'th's  rivers,  Goofc  creek. 
Big  and  Little  Ott  r, Big  and  Little  FaUing 
Cub  creek.  Little  Roanoke  and   Banliter. 

Stu'ij/tfejFori,]nii-dbo\e  the  falls  of  Nia- 
gara, and  8  miles  above  Queens  Town. 

St.  Clair  Lake,  u  fmall  in  comparifoii 
to  either  Ontario  or  Erie,  and  Ihallow 
throughout  ;  it  receives  the  waters  of  I^ 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron,  by  a  long 
channel  frtmi  N  to  S  called  river  St.  Clair ; 
it  aifo  receives  the  waters  of  the  Thame* 
which  fall  into  the  lake  on  tlie  S  E  fide. 
About  the  mouth  of  this  river  are  large  ex- 
tenlive  meadows,  or  marfhes,  v/hich,  with 
the  exception  of  fmall  tradls  of  wood  land 
on  the  l)anks  of  the  river,  and  a  few 
v/oody  iflanda,  extend  about  12  miles  up 
the  country,  and  about  4  or  5  mile*  in 
ue[)th,  atTording  hay  fufficient  for  a  nu- 
merous fcttlemeut,  and  abundance  to  fparc 
For  lituation,  &c.     See  Chir,  St. 

fiteadmans  Creek,  in  the  ftafe  of  N.  Yort. 
The  main  fork  of  this  creek  empties  in- 
to Niagara  R.  above  Fort  SchlofTer. 

Steep  Roch,  a  curious  ledge  of  perperi- 
dicirfar  fiielly  rocks,  which  form  the  W 
bank  of  Hudfon's  R.  with  fome  interrup- 
tions, for  ii  or  13  miles  from  the  Tap- 
pan  Sea,  to  vinthin  11  miles  of  N.  York 
city.    Some  of  thefe  ledge*  are  fiom  150 


STE 


STI 


♦<■>  ioo  feet  high.  As  you  pafs  down  the 
river  from  tiie  'I'appaii  Sea,  by  thefe  rocks, 
the  prolpecl  on  every  fide  is  enchanting. 
On  the  N  the  Tappan  Sea,  a  tiae  broad 
bay  opens  to  view,  ikirted  with  high  hllb  ; 
on  tlie  S  the  river  lies  under  ttie  eye  as 
iar  as  it  diftinguinics  objecfts  ;  on  the  W 
are  tiio  Steep  Rockn,  before  delcribcd  ; 
and  on  the  E  a  iinecuhivated  country. 

Sti/jle.Ks,  a  cape,  S  W  of  Cape  Denbigh, 
on  the  N  W  coaftot'N.  America,  and  is  at 
the  S  E  part  of  Norton  Sound.  Stuart's 
liland  is  oppoiite  to  it.  N  iat.  63  33,  W 
Ion.  162  19.  Between  this  and  Shoal 
Nefs  ia  ilioal  water. 

Sfr'y/.jens,  a  fliort  rivcf  of  Vermont, 
■which  empties  into  Connecticut  river, 
fr;>m  tlie  N  W,  in  the  town  of  B  ;rnet. 

Stephen  s,  St.  a  pariih  of  Charleflon  dif- 
tricl,  S.Carolina 

Sterlings  a  plantation  in  Kennebec  en. 
Tvlaine  ;  N  W  of  HaUowell,  and  at  no 
great  dift^nce.  Itcontaiued  166  inhabit- 
ants in  1790. 

6VcT%|j-,  a  tovvnfiiip  of  Connccfticut,  in 
W^iiidhaai  co.  44  uiiies  E  of  Hartford,  iS 
N  E  from  Norwich.     Inhabitants  yo8. 

SLrli-ig.  in  W'orcefler  co.  Maflachulett.';, 
V/as  formerly  a  pari  Hi  of  Lancafler,  cabl- 
ed Chodfct^  incorpor.^.ted  in  1781  ;  12 
miles  N  E  of  Worcc;1er,  and  42  from 
Ijofkon,  and  contains  162S  inhabitants. 
Near  the  neck  of  land  whicli  divides 
\Vaufliacuni  Ponde,  on  the  S  fide,  was 
formerly  an  Indian  fort,  vclbiges  of  which 
itill  appear.  On  thi'*  fpot  was  the  palace 
and  royal  feat  of  Sholad,  fachem  of  the 
Nailiaways,  proprietor  of  Nailxav/ogg. 

Sterllngvilhy  apoft  town  in  Granville  co. 
N  Carolina,  267  miles  from  Warningcon. 

Steuben y  formerly  Naraguagus,  a  town 
in  Wafliington  co.  Maine.  It  is  at  the  S 
.W  corner  of  tiie  county,  and  has  Goldf- 
boro'  bay  W,  and  Dyer's  bay  E.  Nara- 
guagus  river  runs  through  its  N  E  corner. 
It  has  347  inhabitants. 

Steuben^  a  fmall  fort  in  the  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory, fituated  at  the  Rapids  of  the  Ohio, 
■ji  fliort  diftancc  above  Ciarkfvllle. 

Steuben,  a  new  county  of  N.York,  taken 
from  that  of  Ontario  ;  being  that  part  of 
Ontario  county,  bounded  by  the  Penn- 
fylvania  line  on  the  S,  by  the  N  bounds  of 
the  fix  range  of  townihips  on  the  N,  by 
the  pre-emption  line  on  tho^,  and  by 
the  Indian  line  on  the  W".  From  mills  in 
the  ceI^tre  of  this  county,  100,000  feet  of 
boards,  were  conveyed  down  the  SuTquc- 
fcannah  on  rafts,  faiely  to  the  Baltimore 
ir.arket,  in  the  fpring  of  1 798.  It  has  1728 
^habitants. 


Steulen,  a  townfliip  of  N.York,  iu  Oi>^'* 
ida  CO.  taken  from  Whitc-ftown,  and  in- 
corporated in  17 92.  In  1796,  the  towns  of 
Fi(jyd  and  Rome  were  taken  olf  of  this 
townlliip.  It  h;r»>  552  inhabitants.  The  N 
wcttern  branch  of  Moliawk  R.  rifcs  here ; 
and  the  centreof  the  town  isabout  i  2  miles 
N  E  of  Fort  Schuyler,  and  32  N  W  oiLhe 
mouth  ot  Canada  Creek 

Stenbcirviile,  a  poft  town  in  JefFcrfon  co. 
Ohio,  312  miles  from  Waibington.  It  is 
on  the  \V  hank  of  the  Ohio,  a  few  miles 
W  of  the  Peunlylvania  \V  iuie,  N  iat.  40 
17,  and  5  30  W  Ion.  from  PhitidelpLia. 

Stevens,  a  iliort  navigable  riverof  Maine. 
It  rifes  wich:n  a  mile  of  Merry  Meeting 
Bay,  with  whicii  it  is  connedled  by  a  ca- 
lled lately  opened.     See  Ga^rgc-to'-ivn. 

Sfcvej'jburg.,  a  polt  town  of  Virginia, 
Culpepper  00  on  the  road  from  Phdadel- 
phia  to  Staunton.  It  contuins  40  or  yi 
houfes,  and  an  academy.  I'he  inhabit- 
ants are  raoftly  of  Dutch  extracTtion.  It  is 
10  miles  N  by  E  of  Strafturg,  87  N  E  by 
N  of  Staunton,  45  S  W  by  S  of  Williami- 
port,  and  90  from  Wafliington. 

i'/t'iw.Ycvc.v,  W^eft  Chelter  co.  M.  York, 
is  bounded  W  bv  York  'Fown,  and  N  by 
Dutchels  CO.  It  contains  1578  inhabitants. 

.SA/jZ(r«/c;T£,7/,a  townfl.ip  of  good  land  in 
N.  York,  ill  Renflllaer  co.  between  Leb«- 
non  and  Scoodack.  It  is  atiout  14  miles 
fquare,and  lies  20  miles  E  of  Albany.  'Flie 
timber  on  the  low  land  is  pine,  hemlock, 
beech,  birch,  aih,  m:>ple.  On  the  hills, 
pine,  hemlock,  black  and  white  oak,  wal- 
nut and  poplar.     It  has  4968  inhabitant-r. 

Ste-zvart's  JjhwJs,m  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
a  cluftcr  of  5  iilands  difcovered  by  Capt. 
Flunter  in  1791,  and  fo  named  in  honor 
of  Admiral  Keith  Stewart;  S  Iat.  8  26, 
W  Ion.  16318. 

Siey  Point,  ou  the  Labrador  coaft,  and  N 
Atlantic  Ocean.     N  Iat.  58,  W  Ion.  61  4C'. 

StiU  IVater,  a  townlhip  of  N.  York,  Sar- 
atoga CO.  bounded  E  by  Hudfon  River. 
It  contains  2872  inhabitants.  The  village 
of  Still  JVater  is  on  the  W  bank  of  Hud- 
fon's  river,  12  miles  from  Saratoga,  25  N 
of  Albany  and  12  from  Eallilown  Springs. 
A  canal  is  begaii  at  this  place  to  lead  the 
warer  of  the  Hudfon  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Mohawk,  14  miles  below. 

Stinking  JJlands,  on  the  eaft  coaO  of 
Newfoundland  lilaud.  N  Iat.  40  28,  W 
Ion.  52  50. 

St'Jjk  Mountain,  lies  between  Connec- 
ticut and  Hudfon  river,  and  neftr  it  the 
Mahikandtr  Indians  formerly  refided. 

St.  Matfsy  'tli  Jr'ulh  oJ\  is  lituated  be- 
tween 


«TO 


STO 


tvvccn  Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Huron, 
U.  Canada,  or  moi'e  firiiTdy  fpeaking,  in 
the  narrows  between  Lake  Superior  and 
Lake  George,  a  little  above  the  mouth  of 
Beaver  river ;  on  the  S  fide  of  the  falls, 
flat  bottomed  veffcls  of  10  or  30  tons 
arc  frequently  taken  up  and  doum.  Smyth. 

Stod-inJ^Sy  a  townfliip  in  Windfor  co. 
Vermont,  on  White  river,  aiul  coalaius 
432  inhabitants. 

-  StocUriifire,  a  poft  town  of  P.lafiachu- 
fetts,  BerkQnre  CO.  44  miles  W  by  N  of 
Springfield,  141  W  of  Bofton,  249  N  E  of 
Philadelphia,  and  25  E  by  S  of  Kinder- 
hook,  in  N.  York.  The  townfliip  is  the 
chief  of  the  county  ;  was  incorporated  in 
1  739,  and  contains  iz6i  inhabitants. 

Stoslbrldgc, Nezv.,2.  tradt  of  land  6  miles 
fquarc,  lyiiJg  in  the  S  E  part  of  the  One- 
ida Ref'jrvation,  in  the  State  of  N.  York, 
inhabited  by  the  Indians,  300  in  number, 
vho,  lome  years  fince,  removed  from 
Stockbridge,  Maffachufetts,  and  from  this 
circumftance  are  called  the  Stod\>ria[re  In- 
tfiatts.  This  tra6t  was  given  to  thele  In- 
dians by  the  Oueidas,  as  an  inducement 
to  fettle  in  their  neighbourhood  ;  and  is 
7  miles  S  E  of  Kahnonwolohalc,  the  prin- 
cipal village  of  the  Oneidas.  Thefe  In- 
dians arc  under  the  paftoral  care  of  a  mif- 
fionary,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Sarjeant,  whofe  pi- 
ous labours  have  been  attended  with  con- 
fiderable  fuccefs.  They  are  genendly  in- 
duftrious,  efpecially  the  women,  and  em- 
ploy themfelves  in  agriculture,  and  breed- 
ing cattle  and  fwine.  Their  farms  arc 
generally  enclofed  with  pretty  good-fences, 
and  under  tolerable  cultivation.  In  the 
fall  of  1796,  almoft  every  family  fowsd 
wheat ;  and  there  was  a  fingle  inflaace 
this  year,  of  one  of  the  Indian  women, 
named  EJlher^  who  wove  16  yards  cf  wool- 
len cloth  ;  who  is  here  mentioned  as  an 
example  ofindultry,  and  as  having  led 
the  way  to  improvements  of  this  kind. 
There  is  but  little  doubt  but  her  exam- 
ple will  be  followed  by  otiiers.  Their 
dividend  of  moneys  from  the  United 
States,  amounting  to  about  300  dollars, 
has  hitherto  been  c  xpended  in  ereAing  a 
faw  mill,  and  fupporting  an  EngUfli 
fchool. 

Stock  Creiky  a  branch  of  Pckfon  river. 
See  Wapington  Coiiniy,  Virginia. 

Stockport,  a  village  in  Northampton  co. 
Pennfylvania,  on  the  W  (ideof  the  Popax- 
tunk  branch  of  Delaware  river.  From 
this  place  is  a  portage  of  about  i8  miles 
to  Harmony,  on  the  E  branch  Qf  the  riv- 
er Sufquehannah. 
Yoj-.U  Pddi 


I       Stodtiard,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hanipfln're, 

Chefliire  co.  about    15  or  i8  miles  E  of 

j  Walpole  on  Connediicut    river.     It  was 

incorporated  in  17  74,  and  contains  1148 

inhabitants. 

jj       StoJhart  Bay,  near  the  N  W  point  of 

I  the  ifland  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the  £  of  San- 

Ij  dy  Bay,  and  between  it  and  Lucea  har- 

h  hour. 

fl  5^0/f,  a  townfii'p  in  L.Canada,  haxnnty 
j  Si.  Francis  river  on  the  S  and  S  W,  It  is 
jj  N  of  Afcot,  adjoining,  and  has  about  30 
I    inhabitants. 

j  Stolssy  a  county  of  Salifbury  dlftricSl,  N. 
I  Caroltnq  ;  bounded  E  by  Rockingham, 
ij  and  W  by  Surry,  and  contains  10,516  iu- 
!  habitants,  including  1359  Haves.  Irou 
I;  ore  is  found  here  in  confiidcrable  quanti- 
jj  ties,  and  works  have  been  eretftcd  on  Iron 
j!  Greek,  whicli  ravoufadiure  Cvrnfidtrablc 
H  quan  .'ties.  Chief  town,  Germantown. 
i  Sickcs,  the  chief  town  of  Montgomery 
ij  CO.  N.  CaroKnr;,  near  Yadkin  river.  Ic 
l!  contains  a  court  houfe,  gaol,  and  about 
tj  »o  houfts. 

Stone  Arabia,  a  village  and  fine  traA  of 
country  fo  called,  in  Montgomery  co.N. 
York,  on  the  N  fide  of  Mohawk  river,  be- 
tween  50    and   60   miles  W  of    Albany. 
This  fettlcment  was  begun  by  fome  Ger- 
1  mans  in  1709.     The  hmd  froai  the  liver 
I  rifes  on  a  beautiful  and  gradual  afcent  for 
I  4  miles,  and  the  principal  fcttlenunt  is  on 
I  a  wide  fpreading  hill.     The  foil  is  excel- 
[  lent,  and  the  people  induftrious  and  thriv- 
I  ing.     It  fuflered  much  from  the  Indians 
j  in  the  late    Wcir,  peculiarly   in  1780.     It 
1  has  a  Dutch  church  and  an  academy, 
j       Stoneham,  a  townfiiip  of  Maflachuictts, 
j  Middicfex  co.  which  was  incorporated  in 
I   1725,  and  contains  380  inhabitants  ;  10 
'  miles  N  of  Bolton, 

Stone  Indians,  inhabit  S  of  Flrc  Fort,  on 
Aflentbayne  river. 

Stone  MoH!itai.n,  betwcenthe  flates  cf 
TenefTce  and  Virginia.  The  Virginia  line 
interfecfls  it  in  lat.  36  30  N,  from  thence 
to  the  pl;:ce  where  Watauga  river  breaks 
through  it.     .*^ce  Tmejfee. 

Slom  IftarJ,  on  the  E  coaft  of  Newfound- 
land, is  near  Cape  Broyle,  and  is  one  of 
I  the  3  ifiands,  which  lie  ofFCapIin  Bay. 
j  Stones,  is  a  boatable  water  of  .TeneiTee, 
I  which  runs  N  W  into  Cumbeilaud  river, 
!  6  miles  N  E  of  Nafliville. 

Stones  Fort  Gut,  on  the  S  W  fidc  of  the 
ifland  of  St.  ChriPiophcr's ;  eaflward  of 
Old  Road  Bay,  and  between  that  and 
Bloody  Point.  There  is  a  fort  on  a  point 
»f  land,  on  the  \V  Ude. 


STO 


fiTR 


Sioney  Creek,  a  Imall  ftream  ruaning  In- 
to Lake  Erie,  E  of  Saugas  creek,  U.  Can- 
ada ;  it  is  a  harbour  for  boats,  having 
about  af  feet  water  above  the  bar.  Smyth. 

Stoney  Hill^  in  Baltimore  co.  Maryland, 
is  5  or  6  miles  N  W  of  Wheiftone  Fort, 
at  the  moulh  of  Baltimore  harbour,  and 
a  milts  S  E  of  Hooks  Town. 

Stouey  Point,  in  Orange  CO.  N.  York,  a 
fmall  ptninfula,  projecting  in  a  confider- 
able  bluiTfrom  the  W  bank  of  Hudfon's 
river  into  Haverftraw  bay  :  about  40 
miles  N  of  N.  York  city,  juft  at  the  fouth- 
crn  entrance  of  the  high  lands.  The 
brave  Gen.  Wayne  diftinguiflied  himfelf 
in  talcing  this  fortrcfs  by  dorm. 

Stnney  Mountains,  in  tiie  N  W  part  of 
N.  America,  extend  from  S  to  N,  and  in 
a  N  VV  diretlion,  from  lat.  48  to  68  N. 
The  N  part  of  this  range  is  called  the 
Mountains  of  Bright  Stones. 

Stuv.ey  Ri'ver,  called  by  the  French  Bay- 
0ul:  Pierre,  empties  into  the  MirTihppi,  4 
miles  from  Petit  Goufre,  and  10  from 
Ijouifa  Chitto.  From  the  mouth  of  what 
is  called  the  fork  of  this  river,  is  comput- 
ed to  be  11  miles.  In  this  diftance  there 
are  feveral  quarries  of  ftone,  and  the  land 
has  a  clayey  foil,  with  gravel  on  the  fur- 
face  of  the  ground.  On  the  N  fide  of 
this  river  ihe  land,  in  general,  is  low  and 
rich  ;  tiiat  on  the  S  tide  is  much  higher 
but  broken  into  hills  and  vales  ;  but 
here  the  low  lands  are  not  often  overflow- 
ed: both  fides  are  fliaded  with  a  variety 
of  ufeful  timber. 

Stonington,  a  poft  town  and  port  in  N. 
London  co.  ConnetSlicut  ;  14  miles  E  by 
S  of  N.  London  city,  and  251  N  E  of 
Philadelphia.  The  harbour  fets  up  from 
the  Sound,  oppolite  to  Fifher's  Ifland. 
The  town  is  feparated  from  Rhode  Ifland 
by  the  E  line  of  the  ftate ;  and  was  fettled 
in  1658.  Here  are  6  places  of  public 
worfliip  ;  and  5437  inhabitants. 

Stonu  Inlet,  on  the  coaft  of  S.  Carolina, 
li  S  of  the  channel  of  Charlefton,  at  the, 
N  E  corner  of  John's  Ifiand,  which  is 
bounded  by  Stono  river  on  the  W.  It 
is  6  miles  from  the  S  channel  of  Charlef- 
ton, and  from  this  inlet  to  that  of  North 
Edifto,  the  courfe  is  S  W  by  W  |  W, 
diftant  11  miles. 

Stcrm  Cape,  in  the  ftraits  of  Northum- 
berland, is  the  northern  limit  of  the 
mouth  of  Bay  Verte,  and  forms  the  S  E 
corner  of  th?  province  of  N.  Brunfwick. 

Siormont  County,  U.  Canada,  is  bounded 
E  by  the  county  of  Glcngary  ;  S  by  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  the  W  boundary  of 
the  towniTiip  of  Ofnabruck  i  and  W  by 


the  late  townflup  of  WilHamfburgli, 
running  N  24  degrees  \V,  until  it  inter- 
fevfts  the  Ottaw^a  or  Grand  river  ;  thence 
defcending  that  river,  until  it  meet» 
the  N  W  boundary  of  the  county  of 
Glengary.  The  co.  of  Stormont  com- 
prehends all  the  iflands  in  the  river  St- 
Lawrence  near  to  it,  and  the  greater  part 
of  the  county  lies  fronting  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Smyth. 

Stouenuch,  a  townfliip  in  Cumherlaad 
CO.  N.  Jerfey. 

Stoiighton,  (called  by  the  Indians,  Pake* 
mitt,  or  Fontipog,  that  \%,talcn  from  a  fpring 
that  r/fcth  out  of  red  earth,)  a  townfliip  in 
Norfolk  CO.  Mailachufttts,  incorporated 
in  1726.  It  is  bounded  E  by  Braintrce, 
W  by  Sharon,  and  is  15  miles  fouthward- 
ly  of  Bofton.  It  contains  16,000  acres  of 
land,  and  lozo  inhabitants.  Iron  ore  is 
found  here  of  an  excellent  quality,  and 
there  is  a  rolling  and  flitting  mill,  which 
manufacSlure  confiderable  quantities  of 
Heel  and  iron.  Great  quantities  of  char- 
coal, bafkets  and  brooms,  are  fent  thence 
to  Bofton.  Early  in  the  war  a  large  quan- 
tity of  gunpowdei",  of  an  excellent  quality, 
was  made  In  this  town,  for  the  American 
army,  from  fait  petre,  the  produce  of  the 
towns  in  its  vicinity. 

Stoiv,  a  townfliip  of  MalTachufetts,Mid- 
d1efex  CO.  incorporated  in  1683,  and  con- 
tains 890  inhabitants,  ?.6  miles  N  W  of 
Bofton. 

Sto%v,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Chitten- 
den CO.  about  25  or  30  miles  E  of  Burling- 
ton, has  316  inhabitants. 

Stoive  Creek,  one  of  the  7  townfliips  Into 
which  Cumberland  co.  in  N.  Jerfey,  is  di- 
vided. 

Strabane,  two  townfliips  of  Pennfylva- 
nia ;  the  one  In  York  co.  the  other  in  that 
of  Wafhington. 

Strafford,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, W  of  Thetford,  adjoining,  having 
1642  inhabitants. 

Strafford,  a  county  of  N.  Hampfliire» 
bounded  N  and  N  W  by  Grafton,  S  E  by 
Rockingham,  and  E  by  Maine.  It  con- 
tains 25  townfliips,  almoft  wholly  agricul- 
tural, and  has  no  fea  port.  The  branchet 
of  the  Pifcataqua  and  Merrimack,  and 
other  ftreams  water  this  county  ;  belide 
the  lakes  Winnlpifeogee  and  OfTipee.  It 
contains  32,614  inhabitants.  Cliieftown* 
Dover  and  Durham. 

Straits  of  Beerzng,  or  Bberiug,  feparatC 
the  N  W  part  of  N.  America  from  the  N 
E  coaft  of  Afia.  Beering's  Ifland  lies  ia 
lat.  ss  N,  and  Ion.  164  35  E. 

Strajhurg^  a  poil  t«wu  «f  Virginia,  She- 
■andotk 


STR 


sue 


kandoali  co.  on  the  N  W  branch  of  the 
N  fork  of  Shenandoah  river,  and  contains 
a  handfome  German  Lutheran  church, 
and  60  or  70  houfes.  It  is  77  miles  N  E 
by  Nof  Staunton,  18  S  S  W  of  Winchef- 
ter,  310  S  \V  of  Philadelphia,  and  100 
from  Wafliington. 

Sirajhurg,  a  town  of  Lancafter  co.  Penn- 
fylvania ;  lituated  on  an  eminence,  and 
in  the  centre  of  a  fertile  and  well  cultivat- 
ed country,  and  contains  about  60  houfes, 
fevcral  of  which  are  built  of  brick.  It  is 
%  miles  E  of  Lancafter,  58  W  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  114  from  Wafliington,  and  has 
3421  inhabitants. 

Strnjhurg^  a  fettlemcnt  in  Kentucky, 
near  the  BuUit  Lick. 

StratforJy  a  tovvnllilp  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hamplhire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Conne<9:i- 
cut  river,  between  Cockburn  N,  and 
Northumberland  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Upper  Araonoofuck  on  the  S.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1773,  and  contains  a8i 
inhabitants.  It  is  58  miles  above  Hanover. 

Stratford,  a  pleafant  poft  town  of  Con- 
nedlicut,  in  Fairfield  co.  on  the  W  fide 
of  Stratford  river,  which  contains  2  places 
for  public  worfliip,  feveral  neat  and  com- 
modious houfes,  and  2650  inhabitants. 
It  is  14  miles  S  W  of  N.  Haven,  20  N  E 
of  Norwalk,  and  318  from  Wafliington. 
The  townfliip  of  Stratford,  the  Cuphcag 
of  the  Indians  was  fettled  in  1638,  prin- 
cipally from  Maflachufetts. 

Stratford  Ri'ver.      See  Houfatonie. 

Stratbam,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire  ; 
Rockingham  co.  Incorporated  in  1693, 
and  contains  890  inhabitants.  It  lies  on 
the  road  from  Portfmouth  to  Exeter  ;  10 
milesWof  the  former,  and  4  E  of  the  latter. 

Stratton,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Wind- 
ham CO.  about  15  miles  N  E  of  Benningr 
ton,  having  271  inhabitants. 

Straivberry  Gap,  a  pafs  in  the  moun- 
tains on  the  road  from  Philadelphia  to 
Lancafter  ;  42  miles  W  of  the  former, 
and  16  S  E  of  the  latter. 

Stra'whsrry  River,  falls  into  Lake  Onta- 
rio ;  and  is  thus  named  from  the  great 
quantity  of  large  fruit  of  that  name  grow- 
ing on  its  bank. 

Si:  Regisy  a  confiderable  Indian  village 
on  the  S  fliorc  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  oppo- 
fite  Petite  Ule,  St.  Regis. 

St,  Regis,  Grande  J/Ie,  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  U.  Canada,  and  in  front  of  the 
townfliip  of  Cornwall,  contains  from 
300  to  1000  acres  ;  the  foil  is  good  ;  and 
the  Indians  have  corn  fields  there. 

St.  Regis,  Petite  Jfe^  in  the  river  St. Law- 
rence, U.  Canada,  and  in  front  of  the  St. 


Regis  Indians  land  ;  the  foil  is  good,  and 
the  Indians  have  corn  iitlds  there,  the 
fame  as  on  Grande  Ifle  St.  Regis,  which 
is  near  to  it.  Smyth. 

Strands,  a  ftage  on  the  new  road  front 
Lexington  in  Kencucky,  to  Virginia,  17 
miles  N  E  of  Lexington. 

Stroiidfoiirg,  a  poft  town  in  Wayne  co. 
Pennfyivania,228  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Strong,  a  townfliip  in  Kcnuebcck  co. 
Maine,  on  the  W  fide  of  Kcnn check  riv- 
er, formerly  called  No.  3  or  Recdftov/n, 
about  40  miles  N  W  of  Augufta. 

Stroudtvater.      See  Cafco  Bay. 

Stuart's  JJland,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N, 
America,  is  about  6  or  7  leagues  in  circuit, 
about  17  leagues  from  Cape  Denbigh  oa 
the  continent.     N  lat.  63  35. 

Stuart,  a  town  in  Grafton  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  on  the  E  bank  of  Conneclicut  riv- 
er, has  Colebrook  on  the  S,  and  a  tradt 
of  2000  acres,  on  the  N,  belonging  to 
Dartmouth  college.  It  has  99  inhabitants. 

Stumjloivn,  a  fmall  town  of  Pennfylva- 
nia,  Dauphin  co.  on  a  branch  of  Little 
Swatara.  It  contains  about  20  houfes, 
and  a  German  Lutheran  and  Calvinift 
church  united.  It  is  24  miles  E  N  E  of 
HarriflDurg,  and  89  N  W  by  W  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Sturbridgc,  a  townfliip  in  the  S  W  cor- 
ner of  Worcefter  co.  Maflachufetts,  con- 
taining 28,97,9  acres,  bounded  by  Wood- 
ftock  and  Union  on  the  S,  and  on  the  N 
by  Brookficld.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1738,  and  contains  1846  inhabitjints. 
The  butter  and  chtefe  made  here  have 
obtained  high  credit  in  the  marktts.  It 
is  70  mi  its  S  W  by  W  of  Bofton,  and  %Z 
S  W  of  Worcefter. 

Sturgeon  Creek.      See  Kittery. 

Sturgeon  Lake,  is  to  the  W  of  tVse  chala 
of  lakes  leading  from  the  Grand  Portage, 
and  E  of  Lake  la  Place,  U.  Canada. 

Styx,?.  ivnAi  branch  of  Parowniac  riv- 
er, where  it  is  called  Cohongoronto.  It 
rifes  in  the  Laurel  Thickets,  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains  ;  runs  N,  and  emurfef 
oppoilte  to  Laurel  Cretk. 

Succcfs,  a  bay,  alio  called  Good  Succefs, 
on  Terra  del  Fuego,  or  the  weftern  fliore 
of  Strait  le  Maire.  S  lat;  54  50,  W  Ion. 
65  25.  Cape  Succers,on  the  point  of^thia 
bay,  lies  in  lat.  ;^5  1  S,  and  Ion.  65  27  W. 

Succcf,  an  uninhabited  townfliip  of  N. 
Hampfliire,in  Grafton  co.NE  of  the  White 
Mountains  on  the  E  line  of  the  ftate,  in- 
corporated in  1773. 

Suck  Creek,  empties  into  TcnefTec  river 
from  the  S  E,  at  the  Suek,  or  iVhir/, v^'hcre 
the  river  is  contracted  to  the  breadth  of 


SUF 


SUG 


70  yard.?.  It  is  a  few  miles  N  from  the 
Georgia  N  line.  See  Tenejfes  and  Shallow 
ford. 

Suchlhi^  C.ijys,  on  ihe  N  W  i>art  of  N. 
America  ;  off  which,  and  to  the  N  Ecnd 
of  Kaye's  Ifland,  ;s  a  muddy  bottom  v."ith 
from  43  to  ^7  fathoms  water.  The  S  W 
point  of  Kiye's  Ifland  is  in  lat.  59  49  N, 
and  Ion.   1^3  2  W. 

Sudbury-,  a  co.  of  N.  Brunfwick,  on  tlie 
W  fide  of  3t.  John's  river,  towards  its 
mouth. 

S-jdbury.  or  Sadhnry^  a  townfhip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  Rutland  co.  having  Orwell  on 
the  W.     It  contains  521  inhabitants. 

Sudbury^  Eif.,  a  tovvnlliip  of  MalTachu- 
fftts.  MiddLfcx  CO.  on  the  poft  road  19 
milts  W  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporat- 
ed in  1780,  and  contains  835  inhabitants. 

SudLury,  IFefu  or  Sudhitry^  a  townfliip 
"W  of  £.  Sudbury,  and  25  miles  W  of  Bof- 
tOn.  It  xvas  incorporated  in  1639,  and 
contains  1303  inhabitant.^. 

Sudbury  Canada^  in  York  CO.  Maine,  is 
on  the  S  fide  of  Androfcoggin  liver,  and 
S  of  AnJover.  In  1796,  it  was  eredled 
into  a  townfhip  called  Bethel,  and  has 
two  parishes. 

'5//c%  Z,j,  a  powerful  nation  of  Indians 
inhabiting  weftward  of  Lake  Superior, 
and  the  Miflfifippi.     Warriors   io,coo. 

Suer.,  Fort  Ic,  in  I.ouifiana,  is  on  the  W 
bank  of  the  Miffifippi,  and  E  of  Fort 
L'Huillier,  on  St.  Peter's  river. 

Suct^  a  flourilliing  village  in  the  tov/n 
of  Dennis,  co.  of  Baruflabie,  bordering  on 
Harwich,  containing  36  dvvelling  houfes. 
Belonging  to  this  village  are  5  fail  of  fifli- 
ermen,  and  24  fait  works,  which  yield  an- 
nually upwards  of  600  bufliels  of  marine 
fait,  befide  2700  lbs.  of  Glaubcrr  f;ilt. 

S:^jJieU,3i.  pleafant  pofi;  town  of  Connec- 
ticut, Hartford  co.  having  a  hindfomc 
church  and  fome  refpeclai)Ie  dwelling 
houfes.  It  is  on  the  W  bank  of  Connec- 
ticut river  on  the  great  poft  road  from 
Bv)flon  to  N.  Yoi-k,  10  miles  S  of  Sprinf^- 
ficld,  17  N  of  Hartford,  and  23  2  N  £  of 
Phiiadelpiiia.  This  townuiip  w.is  pur- 
ciiafed  of  two  Indian  fachcm=i  for  >C3^> 
3ud  in  i670,v/as  granted  to  iVT.'i'ior  Jblm 
Pyncheoii,  by  the  affemb'y  of  M^iFachu- 
fetts.     It  has  2686  inhabitants. 

SuffoU,  a  CO.  of  U.  Canad.i,  bounded  E 
by  tne  co.  of  Norfolk,  S  by  lake  Erie, 
until  it  meets  the  c  irrying  place  from 
Point  aux  Pins  unto  the  Thames  ;  W  by 
the  carrying  place,  and  thence  up  the 
river  Thames  untd  it  meets  the  north- 
wcflernmod  boundary  of  the  co.  of  Nor- 


folk. Its  boundaries  were  eflabliilied  by 
proclamation  the  6th  July  1792,  It  fends 
in  conjundl:ion  with  Eflex,  one  reprefeu- 
tative  to  the  provincial  parliament. 

Smyth. 

Stffolk,  a  CO.  of  MalTachufetts,  fo  nam- 
ed from  that  in  England,  in  which  gover- 
nor Winthrop  lived,  before  he  emigrated 
to  America.  It  contains  4  towns,  Bofton, 
Chelfea,  Hull  and  Hingham,  which  have 
38,015  inhabitants.^  Suffolk  was  conftitut- 
ed  a  county,  May  10,  1643.  See  Majfa- 
thufetls  and  Bojlon. 

Suffolk^  a  CO.  of  N.  York,  Long  Ifland,  is 
about  100  miles  long,  and  10  broad,  and 
comprehends  all  that  part  of  the  ftatc 
bounded  eafterly  and  fouthcrly  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  northerly  by  the  Sound, 
and  weftcrly  by  Lloyd's  Neck,  or  Queen's 
Village,  Cold  Spring  harbour  and  the  E 
bounds  of  the  townlhip  of  Oyfter  Bay  ; 
the  line  continued  S  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
including  the  iHc  of  Wight,  now  called 
Gardner's  Ifland,  Shelter  Ifland,  Plumb 
Iflands,  P.obin's  Ifland,  and  the  Gull  Ifl- 
ands.  Fifher's  Ifland  alfo  belongs  to  it. 
.  It  contains  19,464  inhabitants.  There 
jl  are  9  townllaips.  Suffolk  co.  court  houfe, 
Ij  is  15  miles  from  Southampton,  27  from 
Sagg  Harbour,  and  80  from  N.  York  city. 
Here  is  a  pcft  cfiice. 

Suffolk^  a  pofl:  town  of  Virginia,  in 
Nanlemonu  pco.  en  the  E  fide  of  the  river 
Nanfemond.  It  contains  a  court  houle, 
gaol,  and  about  40  houles.  The  river  is 
thus  far  navigable  for  veflels  of  250  tons. 
It  is  28  miles  W  by  S  of  Portfmouth,  83  E 
S  E  of  Peterfburg,  no  S  E  of  Richmond, 
386  from  Philadelphia,  and  340  from 
Wadiington. 

Suffolk,  a  pofl;  town  in  Suflex  co.  Virgin- 
ia, 185  miles  from  Wafliiagton. 

Suffrage^  a  tovvnfliip  of  N.  York,  in  Ot- 
fego  CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  Sufquehannah  R. 
taken  from  Unadilla,  and  incorporated  in 
1796.     Tlie  name  has  been  Cnce  changed. 

Si'gar  Cr.'d-,  or  Coifarx  Creek^  a  COnfider- 
ab!e  branch  of  Little  Miami  river. 

Sugar  Hilly  a  ragged  eminence,  the  top 
of  which  overlooks  and  commands  the 
whole  works  of  Ticonderoga,  where  the 
waters  of  Lake  George  empty  into  Lake 
Champlai;!,  and  oppoflte  Fort  Independ- 
ence, in  the  ftate  of  Vermont.  Gen.  Bur.. 
goyne  made  a  lodgement  on  this  hill, 
wliich  the  Americans  efiteemed  inacceffi- 
ble  ;  and  thus  forced  Gen.  St.  Clair  to 
abandon  the  fort  in  June,  1777. 

Sngarloaf  Hilly  a  fmall  natural  landmark, 
on  the  N  fliore  of  Lake  Erie,  between 


AbiuO; 


SUM 


SUN 


Abino,  and  the  Grand  river,  on  the  bound- 
ary between  the  townfliips  of  Humberf- 
tone  and  Wainfleet.  Sinvth. 

Sugar  River,  in  Chefliire  co.  N.  Hamp- 
fliire,  rifes  in  Sunapee  lake,  and,  after  a 
flio^t  courfe  W,  empties  into  Connedlicut 
R.  at  Clermont,  and  oppolite  to  Aflicut- 
ney  mountain  in  Vermont.  There  is  a 
ftrong  expectation  of  uniting  this  river,  by 
a  fliort  canal,  with  Contocook,  wliich 
falls  into  Meniniack R.  at  Bofcawen. 

Sugar  LvafBay,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Juan 
Fernandes  Ifland  ;  lOO  leagues  W  of  the 
coall:  of  Chili. 

Sugar,  a  river  of  Veragua,  which  emp- 
ties into  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Sulli<van,  a  port  town  in  Chenango  co. 
N.  York,  499  "liles  from  Walhington. 

Sullivan,  a  townfhip  of  Cheflitre  co.  N. 
Hampfiiire,  containing  488  inhabitants. 

Sullivan,  a  poft  town  of  Maine,  Kan- 
cock  CO.  and  on  Frenchman's  Bay,  xi 
miles  N  W  of  Goldlborough,  3?;  W  S  W 
of  Penobfcot,  310  NE  of  Boflon,  and 
796  from  Wafhington.  The  townfliip 
contains  504  inhabitants.     See  Iv'aukeague. 

Sullivan,  a  county  of  Tenefteo,  Wafh- 
ington diftridl,  432  miles  from  Wafhing- 
ton city.  In  1795,  it  contained  according 
to  the  State  cenfus,  8457  inhabitant?,  of 
•whom  777  Avere  flaves.  In  i8oo  it  had 
lOjCiiS  inhabitant?.  At  the  court  houfe 
there  is  a  poft  clHcc. 

Sullivan  s  I/land,  one  of  the  three  iilands 
which  form  the  N  part  of  Charleiton  har* 
bour,  in  S.  Carolina.  It  is  about  7  miles 
SEofCharlefton. 

Sulphur  Creek,  Little,  one  of  the  fouth- 
crn  upper  branches  of  Green  river  in 
Kentucky  ;  and  lies  S  W  of  another 
branch  called  Bryant's  I.icle  creek.  Near 
this  is  a  fulphur  i'pring. 

Sulphur  Jjlands.       See  j\flargaret^s  If.e.t. 

Sulphur  JKountain,  a  noted  mountain  in 
the  iiland  of  Guadaloupe,  famous  for  ex- 
halations of  fulphur,  and  eruptions  of 
afhes.  On  the  E  fide  are  z  mouths  of  an 
enormous  fulphur  pit  ;  one  of  thefe 
mouths  is  100  feet  in  diameter ;  the 
depth  is  unknov/n. 

Sumanyjlmvn,  a  village  of  Pennfylvania, 
Montgomery  co.  33  miles  NWbyNof 
Philadelphia. 

Sumner,  a  town  in  Cumberland  co. 
Maine,  bounded  by  Hartford  E  and  Paris 
W.  The  weflerly  branch  of  Ivventy  miles 
Stream  runs  through  this  town.  Incor- 
porated in  1798. 

Sumner,  a  county  of  Teneflee,  In  Merc 
din:ri<Sl:.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Kentucky, 
Eand  S by  the  Indian  lands,  W  by  Da- 


vldfon  CO.  It  is  watered  by  Cumbfff- 
land  river.  It  is  very  fertile,  and  has  ^ 
Prelbyterian,  a  Baptift  and  a  methcdift 
churches.  According  to  the  cenfus,  it 
conta-ns  4616  inhabitants. 

Sumpier,  a  didritft  of  S,  Carolina,  con- 
taining 13,103  inhabitants,  ds^'h  being 
flaves.      See  S.  Caroliiia. 

Sumpterfville,?i  poft  townin  Clermont  ca 
S.  Carohna,  519  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Sunap-e,  a  lake  and  mountain  in  Chefli- 
ire  CO.  N.  Hampfliire.  The  lake  is  about 
8  or  9  miles  long,  and  3  broad,  and  fends 
its  wiUers  thrcaigh  Sugar  river  W,  14 
miles  to  Conneelicut  river.  The  moun- 
tain (lands  at  the  S  end  of  the  lake. 

Sunbu'.y,  a  county  of  N.  Brunfwick.  It 
is  on  the  river  St.  John,  at  the  head  of  the 
Bayof  Fundy  ;  and  contains  8  townfliips, 
viz.  Conway,  Capetown,  Burton,  Sunbu- 
ry,  St.  Anne,  Wilmot,  Newton,  and  Mau- 
gerville.  The  3  laft  were  fettled  from, 
MafTachu lefts,  Connecticut,  &c.  The 
lands  are  generally  pretty  level,  and  tol- 
erably fertile,  abounding  with  variety  of 
timber. 

Srml>ury,  the  chief  town  of  Northumber- 
land CO.  Pennfylvania  ;  lituated  near 
where  Fort  Augufta  was  eredled,  on  the 
E  fide  of  Sufquehannah  river,  jufl  below 
the  juncTiion  of  the  E  and  W  bra.nches  of 
that  river,  in  lat.  about  40  5  a  N.  It  i» 
regularly  laid  out,  and  contains  a  court 
houfe,  brick  gaol,  a  Prefbyterian  and  Ger- 
man Lutheran  church,  and  about  iCO 
dwelling  houfes.  Here  the  river  is  about 
half  a  mile  bread,  and  at  the  ferry  oppo- 
fite  Northumberland,  about  a  mile  high- 
er, is  -|ths  of  a  mile.  It  is  about  76  miles 
above  Reading,  120  N  W  of  Pliiladel- 
phia. 

Sunhury,  a  port  of  entry  and  poft  town 
of  Georgia,  beautifully  fituated  in  Liber- 
ty CO.  at  the  head  of  St.  Catherine's 
Sound,  on  the  main,  between  Mcdway 
and  Newport  rivers,  about  15  miles  S  of 
Great  Ogeeche  river.  The  town  and 
harbour  are  defended  from  the  fury  of 
the  fea  by  the  N  and  S  points  of  St.  Hele- 
na and  St.  Catherine's  Klands  ;  between 
is  the  bar  and  entrance  into  the  Sound  ; 
the  harbour  is  capacious  and  fa'c.  and 
has  water  enough  for  fliipa  of  groat  bur- 
den. It  is  a  very  pleafaiit  healthy  town,; 
and  is  the  refort  cf  the  planters  from  the- 
adjacent  country,  during  the  fickly 
months.  It  w^as  burnt  during  the  late 
war,  but  has  fince  been  rebuilt.  An 
academy  was  cftaMi{l:ed  here  in  1788, 
which  has  been  under  an  able  infiTu^SloJV 
and  proved  a  very  ufeful  jnftitution.      Ft 


SlTF 


ftUR 


5t  4C  inil««  S  of  Savannah,  974  from  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  690  from  Wafliington. 

Suncoci,  York  CO.  Maine,  now  Lovell. 

Sundertaiid,  a  townilup  of  Vermont, 
Bennington  co.  16  miles  N  E  of  Benning- 
ton, and  contains  557  inhabitants.  A 
lead  mine  has  been  difcovered  in  this 
tovvnflijp. 

Sunderljndy  a  townfhip  of  Maffachufetts, 
in  Hampfliire  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Con- 
netSHcut  river,  about  10  miles  N  of  Had- 
ley  and  100  W  of  Bofton.  There  is  here 
a  handfome  Congregational  church,  and 
70  or  80  houies,  lying  chiefly  on  one 
ftreet.  It  was  incorporated  in  171 8,  and 
contains  537  inhabitants. 

Supay  Urco,  or  DeviVs  Hill.,  a  remarka- 
ble eminence  in  Quito,  in  Peru,  between 
the  vallies  of  Chugui  pata,  and  thofe  of 
Paute.  It  has  its  name  from  a  fabulous 
ftory  of  enchantment,  propagated  by  a 
fuperftitious  Spaniard.  It  is  thought  to 
contain  rich  mines. 

Superior,  Lake,  formerly  termed  the  Up- 
per Lake,  from  its  northern  fituation.  It 
may  juftly  be  termed  the  Cafpian  Sea  of 
America,  and  is  fuppoled  to  be  the  largeft 
body  of  frefli  w^ater  on  the  globe.  Ac- 
cording to  the  French  charts  it  is  1,500 
miles  in  circumference.  According  to 
Mackenzie  its  greatefl:  breadth  is  laomiles, 
and  its  circumference,  including  the  bays, 
but  1 200.  A  great  part  of  the  coaft  is 
bounded  by  rocks  and  uneven  ground. 
It  is  fituated  between  46  and  50  N  lat.  and 
between  84  30  and  92  W  Ion.  The  wa- 
ter is  very  clear,  and  tranfparent.  If  the 
fun  fliines  bright,  it  is  impoffible  through 
this  medium  to  look  at  the  rocks  at  the 
b<^ttom,  above  a  minute  or  two.  Al- 
though the  water,  at  the  furface,  is  much 
warmed  by  the  heat  of  the  fun,  yet,  when 
drawn  up  at  about  a  fathom  depth,  it  is 
very  cold.  Storms  are  more  dreadful 
here  than  on  the  ocean.  There  are  many  j 
iflands  in  this  lake;  two  of  them  have  each  I 
land  enough,  if  proper  for  cultivation,  to  i 
form  a  confidcrable  province  ;  efpecial- 
ly  Ifle  Royal,  which  is  not  lefs  than  joo 
jniles  long,  and  in  many  places  40  broad. 
The  natives  fuppofe  thefe  iflands  to  be 
the  refidence  of  the  Great  Spirit.  This 
lake  difcharges  its  waters  from  the  S  E 
corner  through  the  Straits  of  St.  Marie, 
which  are  about  40  miles  long,  into  Lake 
Huron.  Lake  Superior,  although  about 
40  rivers  empty  into  it,  many  of  which 
are  large,  yet  it  does  not  appear  that  one 
tenth  part  of  the  waters  Which  it  receives, 
ia    diicharged_^by    the  abovementioned  |j 


ftralt :  Great  part  of  the  water*  f^yvfi 
rate  ;  and  Providence  doubtlefs  makes  ufe 
of  this  inland  fea  to  furnifli  the  interior 
parts  of  the  country  with  that  fupply  o£ 
vapours,  without  which,  like  tlie  interior 
parts  of  Africa,  they  muft  have  been  a 
mere  defert.  A  number  of  tribes  livo 
around  the  Lake.  It  abounds  with  a 
great  variety  of  fifli.  There  are  trout» 
weighing  from  5  to  50  pounds,  pickerel, 
red  and  white  carp,  black  bafs,  herrings, 
and  white  fifli.  Thefe  lafl:  weigh  from  4 
to  16  pounds.  No  very  large  rivers  run 
into  this  lake  ;  the  principal  are  the  St. 
Louis,  the  Nipigon,  and  the  Michipicoten. 
The  lake  is  often  covered  with  fog,  which 
when  the  wind  is  eaflerly  falls  on  th© 
weftern  fhore  in  torrents  of  rain.  Th© 
lines  on  the  rocks  furroundingthisimmenf© 
lake  prove  that  the  waters  are  about  4 
feet  lower  than  formerly. 

Surinam^  a  province  of  S.  America,  be- 
longing to  the  Dutch.      See  Dutch  Guiana, 

Surinam,  a  beautiful  river  of  Dutch 
Guiana;  three  quarters  of  a  mile  wide 
at  its  mouth  ;  navigable  for  the  largeft 
veflfels  1 2  miles,  and  for  fmaller  veflels  60 
or  70  miles  further.  Its  banks,  quite 
to  the  water's  edge,  are  covered  with 
evergreen  mangrove  trees,  which  render 
the  piofpedl  very  delightful.  The  en- 
trance is  guarded  by  a  fort  and  2  redoubts, 
but  not  of  any  great  fl:rength.  At  6  mile» 
up,  the  Commanwine  falls  into  it,  and  on 
the  point  of  land  between  the  two  rivers 
are  the  forts.  The  town  of  Surinam  i« 
in  lat.  6  10  N,  and  Ion.  ss  22  W.  The 
befl:  anchorage  is  under  Zelandia  Fort. 

Surry,  a  county  of  N.  Carolina,  SaliflDury 
diftridl ;  bounded  E  by  Stokes,  and  W  by 
Wilkes.  It  contains  9405  inhabitants,  in- 
cluding 962  flaves.  The  Moravian  fet- 
tlements  of  Wachovia  are  in  this  county. 
Near  the  river  Yadkin  is  a  forge,  which 
manufadtures  bar  iron.  The  Ararat  or* 
Pilot  Mountain,  about  16  miles  N  W  of 
Saleni,  draws  the  attention  of  every  curi- 
ous traveller  in  this  part  of  the  State.  It 
is  difcernible  at  the  diftance  of  60  or  yo 
miles,  overlooking  the  country  below. 
It  was  anciently  called  the  Pilot,  by  the 
Indians,  as  it  ferved  them  for  a  beacon,  to 
conduct  their  routes  in  the  northern  and? 
fouthern  wars.  On  approaching  it,  a 
grand  difplay  of  nature's  workmanfliip, 
in  rude  drefs,  is  exhibited.  From  it» 
broad  bafe,  the  Mountain  rifes  in  eafy  af- 
centj  like  a  pyramid,  near  a  mile  high,  to 
where  it  is  not  more  than  the  area  of  an 
acre  broad  j  when,  on  a  fudden,  a  vafl 
rtupendcu?! 


sus 


sus 


lUipendous  rock,  having  the  appearance 
mf  a  large  caftle,  with  its  battlements, 
•reikis  its  perpendicular  height  upwards 
of  300  feet,  and  terminates  in  a  flat,  which 
U  generally  as  level  as  a  floor.  To  afcend 
ihis  precipice,  there  is  only  one  way, 
which,  through  cavities  and  fiirures  of  the 
rock,  is  with  fome  difficulty  and  danger 
•ffedted.  When  on  the  fummit,  the  eye 
is  entertained  with  a  vaft,  delightful  proi"- 
pedl  of  the  Apalachian  mountains,  on  the 
N,  and  a  wide,  extended  level  country 
below,  on  the  S  ;  while  the  ftreams  of  the 
Yadkin  and  Dan,  on  the  right  and  left 
kand,  are  difcovered  at  feveral  diftant 
places,  winding  their  way,  tiarough  the 
fertile  low  grounds,  towards  the  ocean. 

Surry,  a  county  of  Virginia,  hounded  N 
by  James  river,  wliich  feparates  it  from 
Charles  City  co.  E  by  Ille  of  Wight,  and 
W  by  Prince  George's  co.  It  contains 
3^77  free  inhabitants,  and  3258  ll^ves. 
At   the  court  houfe  there  is  a  pod  office. 

Surry,  a  townlliip  of  N.  Hampfliire,  in 
Chefhire  co.  containing  569  inhabitants. 
It  lies  E  of  Walpoie,  adjoining,  and  was 
incorporated  in  1769. 

Surry,  a  town  in  Hancock  co.  Maine,  on 
the  W  bank  of  Union  river,  at  its  mouth, 
about  20  miles  N  E  of  Caftine. 

Siifquehanjiah  River,  rifes  in  Lake  Ufca- 
yanthe,  in  the  State  of  N.  York,  and  runs 
in  fuch  a  Terpentine  courfe  that  it  croiles 
the  boundary  line  between  the  States  of 
Pennfylvania  and  N.  York,  three  times. 
It  receives  the  Tyoga  river  in  N  lat.  41  57. 
Afterwards  it  proceeds  S  E  to  Wyoming, 
without  any  obftrutfllon  by  falls,  and  then 
S  W  over  Wyoming  falls,  till,  at  Sunbury, 
in  lat.  41  it  meets  the  W  branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah,  wliich  is  navigable  90  miles 
from  its  mouth.  From  Sunl)ury  the  riv- 
•r  is  paiTable  with  boats  to  Harrilburg 
and  Middleton,  on  the  Swatara.  About 
1$  miles  above  Harrilburg  it  receives 
the  Juniatta,  from  the  north  weft,  pro- 
ceeding from  the  Alleghany  mountains 
and  flowing  through  a  broken  country. 
Hence  it  takes  its  courfe  about  S  E,  until 
it  falls  into  the  head  of  Chefapeak  Bay, 
juft  below  Havre  de  Grace.  It  is  more 
than  a  mile  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  naviga- 
ble only  20  miles,  the  navigation  being  ob- 
flru(Sted  beyond  that  by  the  Rapids.  The 
inland  navigation  between  Schuylkill  and 
Eufquehannah,  v/ill  bring  by  water  to 
Philadelphia,  the  trade  of  a  mofl  fertile 
country  of  about  1000  miles  fquare,  or 
6,000,000  acres  of  laiid.  If  this  can  be 
accomplifhed,an  inland  navigation  may  be 
«t(ily  nuiie  to  the  O^oand  to  Lake  fifict 


which  would  at  once  open  a  commnnf'« 
cation  with  above  aooo  miles  extent  of 
weftern  country,  viz.  with  all  the  great 
lakes  together  with  the  countries  which 
lie  on  the  waters  of  MiiTifippi,  MifTouri, 
and  all  their  branches.  The  water  com- 
munication between  Schuylkill  and  Suf- 
quehannah,  which  is  the  foul  of  all  this, 
will  be  about  60  miles,  as  the  navigatioa 
mull  go,  although  the  di fiance  on  a  line  i» 
only  40  miles.  This  tradl  is  cut  by  tws> 
cree!c3,the  Quitapahilla  and  theTuIpeho- 
ken.  Thefe  two  creeks  lead  within  4 
miles  of  each  other  ;  the  level  of  their 
head  waters  is  nearly  the  fame,  and  the 
fpace  between  them,  makes  tlie  height  of 
laud,  or,  as  it  is  conunonly  called,  the 
cronvn  /iz«^  between  the  two  rivers  wj/u-ii 
is  nearly  on  a  plain,  and  the  bottom  of 
the  canal,  through  which  the  navigation 
muft  pafs,  will  no  where  rife  more  than 
30  feet  above  the  level  of  the  head  water* 
of  the  two  creeks  above  mentioned,  nor 
fo  much  as  200  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
waters  of  Sufquehannah  or  Skuylkil!. 
The  Company  inilituted  the  29th  of  Sept. 
1 791,  has  a  capital  of  1000  fliares  at  40« 
dollars  each,  payab'e  at  iucli  time  as  the 
Company  fliall  dirccft.  I'he  work  is  al- 
ready in  forwardnefs.  Coal  of  an  excel- 
lent quality  is  found  on  feveral  parts  of 
this  river,  particularly  at  Wyoming. 

Sujftxy  the  north  wefternmoft  co.  of  N. 
Jerfey.  It  is  mountainous  and  healthy, 
and  has  feveral  iron  mines  ;  and  work* 
have  been  ere(5led  for  the  manufadlure  of 
bar  and  pig  iron.  It  produces  excellent 
crops  of  wheat ;  and  in  no  part  of  the 
State  are  greater  herds  of  cattle.  The 
produce  is  floated  down  the  Delaware  ia 
boats  and  rafts.  Here  are  5  Prefbyteri- 
an  churches,  a  for  Anabaptifts,  i  for  Ger- 
man Lutherans,  and  i  for  Quakers.  It 
contains  12  townfliips  ;  the  chief  of 
wliich  are  Newton,  Greenwich,  Hardyf- 
ton,  Knowltovrn,  and  Oxford.  The  pop- 
ulation is  22,534,  including  514  Haves.  It 
is  bounded  N  E  by  the  State  of  N.  York, 
N  W  by  Delaware  river,  which  feparate* 
it  from  Northampton  co.  in  Pennfylvania, 
and  S  E  and  S  by  Morris  and  Hunterdom 
counties.  Faulin's  Kill  is  here  navigable 
for  fmall  craft  15  miles.  The  Mufconet- 
cony,  which  divides  the  county  from 
Hunterdon,  is  capable  of  beneficial  im- 
provements, as  is  the  Pequeft  of  Pequafet, 
between  the  abovementioned  rivers.  The 
c<mrt  houfe  in  this  county  is  13  miles  $ 
W  of  Hamburg  ;  38  N  E  of  Eaflon,  i» 
Pennfylvania  ;  41  S  W  of  Gofhen,  in  N. 
\rork  J  asd  io8  N  1»t  »  •£    Philadelphia, 

Tkc 


SWA 


S  WE 


The  village  at  this  place  is  called  Newton. 

Stijfdx^  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded 
N  E  by  Surry,  and  S  W  by  Dinvviddie.  It 
contains  5074  free  inhabitants,  and  5988 
flavcs. 

Sujfsxy  a  maritime  county  of  Delaware 
State,  bounded  W  and  S  by  the  State  of 
Maryland,  N  E  by  Delaware  Bay,  E  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  N  by  Kent  co. 
It  contains  19,358  inhabitants,  including 
2830  fiaves.  Cape  Henlopen  is  in  the  N 
E  part  of  the  county.  The  land  is  gener- 
ally low,  fandy  and  poor.  Chief  town, 
Georgetown 

Sutherlands  Creei,  U.  Canada,  runs  into 
lake  St.  Francis,  between  Pointe  au  "odet 
and  Pointe  Mouillee  in  the  to'.v'ufl.ip  of 
Lancaftsr.  Smyih. 

Sutton^  a  townfliip  cf  N.  Hampfliire, 
Hillfborough  co.  containing  870  iahabit- 
aats.  It  was  firft:  calicd  Penyftown, and 
was  incorporated  in  1784. 

Sutton,  a  townfliip  in  Worcefter  co. 
Maffachufetts,  46  miles  \V  S  W  of  Bof- 
ton,  and  10  miles  S  by  E  of  V.''of cefter.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1718,  and  contauis 
2530  inhabitants.  Here  are  10  grift 
mills,  6  faw  mills,  3  fulling  riiils,  a  paper 
mill,  an  oil  mill,  and  7  trip  hammers. 
There  are  5  fcythe  and  axe  makers,  one 
hoe  maker,  feveral  who  v/orh  r.t  nail  ma- 
king, and  6  works  for  making  pot  afli. 
Here  are  found  ginfeag  and  the  cohufli 
root.  The  cavern,  commonly  called  l\ir- 
gatory,  in  the  fouth  eaftern  part  of  the 
town,  is  a  natural  curiohty.  Bodies  of 
ice  are  found  here  In  June,  although  the 
defcent  is  to  the  fouth. 

S-walloiv  IJlandy  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S 
lat.  10,  E  Ion.  from  Paris,  16a  30;  dil- 
covered  by  Roggewlns,  1722. 

Stuamfcot^  or  Great  Ri-vefj  to  cHftinguifll 
it  from  another  much  lefs,  alio  called  Ex- 
eter Hiver,  rifes  in  Chefter,  in  N.  Hamp- 
flilre,  and  after  running  through  San- 
down,  Poplin,  Brentwood,  and  a  confid- 
crable  part  of  Exeter,  affording  many  ex- 
cellent mill  feats,  tumbles  over  a  fall  ao 
or  30  rods  in  length,  and  meets  the  tide 
from  Pifcataqua  harbour,  in  the  centre  of 
the  townfliip  of  Exeter,  The  fmaller  river 
rifes  in  Brentwood  and  joins  Great  river 
about  a  third  of  a  mile  above  Exeter. 
Here  are  caught  a  plenty  of  alewives  and 
fome  oyfters.  Swamfcot  is  the  Indian 
name  of  Exeter. 

Szuan  IJland,  in  Maine,  divides  the  wa- 
ters of  Kennebeck  river,  3  miles  from  the 
Chops  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay.  It  is  7 
m21«i  1«b£,  ^Bd  ka*  »  oavigable  chaanel 


on  both  fides,  but  that  to  the  E  is  moftly 
ufed.  It  was  the  feat  of  thefachem  Kene- 
bls.  The  river  itfelf  probably  took  it» 
name  fr  om  the  race  of  Sagamores  of  the 
name  of  Kenebis. 

iSw.^/jw^iwo,  the  E  head  water  of  French 
Broad  river,  in  TenelTee.  Alfo  the  name 
of  a  fettlement  within  about  60  miles  of 
the  Cherokee  nation. 

Szuannjboroiigh,  the  chief  town  of  On- 
flow CO.  Wilmington  diftritSt.N.  Carolina. 

S-cvanfey,  a  townfliip  in  Chefliire  co.  N. 
Hampiliire,  adjoining  Chefterfield  on  the 
E,  97  miles  W  of  Portfmouth.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1753,  and  contains  1271 
inhabitants. 

Sivtinfey,  a  poft  town  in  Briflol  ca.  Maf> 
fichufetts,  containing  1741  irJiabitants. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1667,  and  lies  51 
miles  S  of  Bofton. 

Sivantcn,  a  pofl  town  of  Vermont, 
Franklin  co  on  the  E  bank  of  Lake 
Champlaia,  on  the  S  lide  of  Mifchifcoui 
river.  I'his  townihip  has  a  cedar  fwamp 
in  the  N  W  part  of  it,  towards  Hog  IH- 
and.  The  Mifchifcoui  is  navigable  for 
the  largeft  boats  7  miles,  to  the  falls  ia 
this  town. 

Stvanicivn,  in  Kent  CO.  Maryland,  Is  a- 
bont  3  milesfoutheafterly  of  Georgetown. 

S'wed^jlorough,  a  fmall  poft  town  of  N. 
Jerfey,  Glouceftet  co.  on  Racoon  Creek, 
3  miles  from  its  mouth.  In  Delaware  riv- 
er, 11  S  by  W  of  V/oodbury,  17  N  by  E 
of  Salem,  20  foutherly  of '  Philadelphia, 
and  1 66  miles  from  Wafhington. 

Sivcd'rjb  At^crica.  The  Swedes  had  an- 
ciently fettlements  on  Delaware  river, 
and  the  Swediili  church  in  Philadelphia 
is  the  oldelt  in  that  city.  The  only  A- 
merlcau  fettlement  they  have  now,  is  the 
fmall  ifland  of  Burthclometv,  or  BarthelemU 
in  the  Weft  Indies,  which  is  about  30  miles 
in  length,  and  the  fame  in  breadth.  It  was 
obtained  from  France  In  1785,  and  gave 
rife  to  the  Svvedifli  W.  India   Company. 

Sweet  Springs,  a  poft  town  in  Virginia, 
30  miles  E  by  N  of  Greenbriar,  93  W  of 
Staunton,  380  S  W  of  Philadelphia, 
and  300  miles  from  Wafliington.  The 
mineral  fprings  here  often  draw  4  or  50Q 
people  together  for  their  health  and  a- 
raufement  during  the  months  of  July,  Au- 
guft,  and  September. 

Sivect  Water  Creek  rlfes  ''among  the 
eaftern  branches  of  Bear  Creek  and  Tom- 
bigby  ;  it  runs  N  and  empties  into  the 
Teneiice  3  miles  above  Long  Ifland.  It 
is  fed  by  fprings  of  excellent  water, 
whence  the  name  givea  it, 

Sivctarerj 


TAG 


T  AL 


f*?Tioitar!t,A  river  of  Pcnnfyivahla,  which 
fal's  into  the  vSuiquehaana,  from  the  N  E 
about  7  inile^  S  E  oir  Harrifburg. 

SyJneyy  or  Ca^jg  Br^-tn  IJlavd  ;  which  feC. 

S.ilttey,  a  town  on  the  W  lldt  of  K^ane- 
becic  river,  in  Kennebeck  co.  9  miles  N 
of  Aaguftii,  and  has  lOii  inhabitants. 

Syrnjl.iry.      Sf  C  S'lmjhury, 

Sypomba,  an  iiland  on  the  cotift  of  Bra- 
ail,  ill  8.  America,  about  7  leagues  N  E 
oi"  Sr.  John's  Iiland,  and  N  W  from  a 
r^oge  of  illands  wluch  form  the  great 
Bay  of  Para. 


JL  AAWIURT,  one  of  the  two  fmall  ifl- 
ands  within  the  reef  of  the  ifland  of  Ota- 
heite,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  1  hcfe  ifl- 
ands  have  anchorage  within  the  reef  ihac 
farr<:unds  them. 

Tabago,  an  ifii^nd  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
about  4  miles  long,  and  t,  broad.  It  is 
iTiountainous,  and  abouods  with  fruit 
tries.     N  lat.  7  50,  W  Ion.  60  16. 

Tuou/.oj  an  iflauJ  in  the  S  W  part  of 
the  Gulf  ol  Mexico,  and  at  l"he  bottom  of 
the  Gulf  of  Cawntachy,  is  about  36  miirs 
long,  and  about  7  brosd  ;  and  on  it  is 
built  the  town  of  TaLafco,  in  lat.  17  40 
N,  and  Ion.  93  39  W.  It  is  the  capital 
of  a  rich  piovince  of  its  name,  and  is  fit- 
uated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Grijalva, 
90  miles  E  of  Efpirito  S.mto,  and  160  S 
E  of  Mexico.  It  is  not  large,  but  is  well 
built,  and  is  confiderably  enriched  by  a 
confb-int  rcfort  of  merchants  and  tradef- 
men  at  Chiiltnias.  The  river  Grijalva 
divides  itfelf  near  tiie  fea  into  two  branch- 
es, of  which  the  wePtf ru  falls  into  the 
river  Tabafco,  which  rifes  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Chiapa,  and  the  other  continues 
its  courfe  till  wiihin  4  Vagucs  of  the  fca, 
where  it  fubdividcs,  and  feparaies  the  iti^- 
and  from  the  continent.  Near  it  aie 
plains  which  abound  with  cattle  and  oth- 
er animals,  pirticnlarly  the  mountain 
cow,  io  called  from  its  refembling  that 
creature,  and  feeding  on  a  fort  of  mofs 
found  on  the  trees.near  great  rivers. 

Tulle  Mountain.      See  S.  Curalina. 

TaLogttilla,  or  LluL  TaLigo,  An  idand 
in  the  bay  of  Panama.  The  channel  be- 
tween them  is  narrow  but  good,  through 
which  liiips  pafs  to  Point  Ciiama  or  Naia. 

'Tiihooyamanoo,  a  fmail  iilnnd  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  fubjecc  to  one  of  the  Society 
Iflands. 

Tacatnes^  a  bay  on  the  eoaft  oi  Peru,  in 
V4.t.  I.  Jji-s^e 


1  It.  about  I  6  N,  and  3  leagues  to  the  1-1 
E  of  Point  Galera. 

Tach  fi  Faint ^  oa  the  toaft  of  N.  Mexico, 
1 2  miles  from  t!ie  town  of  Pomaro. 

'TudoufM,  a  fmall  place  in  L.  Canada, 
at  tlic  m;|)uth  of  tiie  river  Sagu.nay,  on 
the  N  ii\\)te:  of  the  river  St.  JLawrence. 
Here  a  cimfiderablc  trade  has  lecn  ear- 
ned ou  Vv'lih  the  Indians,  they  bringing 
their  furs  and  eicluingiug  them  for  iiu- 
ropean  /:loths,  uic.ililsand  trinkets.  It  is 
98  miles  below  Quebec.     N   lat.   48,  \V 

Ion.  67  35.       See  Su^uc/i./y  Hi-ver, 

Taenfa,  a  fettlement  in  Vv'.  Florida,  oa 
the  E  cliannnel  of  the  great  Mobile  riv 
er,  on  a  high  bluiT,  and  on  the  I'eite  of  aii 
ancient  (adian  town,  which  is  a}>parent 
from  many  artiiicial  mounds  of  cartlx 
and  other  ruins.  It  is  about  30  miles 
a!)Ovc  Fort  Conde,  or  city  of  Mobile, 
at  the  he.id  of  t!ie  bay.  Here  is  a  de- 
lightlul  and  cxtetiiive  prolpecl  of  fomc 
fiourilhin^  plantations.  The  inhab- 
itants are  rvrcflly  of  French  eitraiTlion, 
and  are  chiefly  tenants.  The  myrica  tpo- 
dor.j,  or  wax  tree,  grows  here  to  the  htHght 
o'f  9  or  10  feet,  and  produces  excellent 
wax  for  candles. 

Tci^apife^  a  caf>!e  erected  on  a  point  of 
land  in  the  Bay  of  All  Saints,  in  Brazil. 
It  h  pretty  coniiderable,  and  adds  greatly 
to  ti>c  ftrength  of  St.  Salvadore. 

Tai^o,  Snrt..  on  the  W  coRfl  of  N.  Mex- 
ico, between  Salagua  and  the  White  Rock. 

Tc'hcra^  one  of  the  fn^.alleft  of  tiie 
Sandwich  Iflands,  3  leagues  from  the  S 
W  p?rt  of  Mov.'ce. 

Talch.-fochtc^  a  confiderablc  town  of  the 
Seminole  Indians,  ii'uattd  on  the  elevat- 
ed E  banks  of  the  Little  river  St.  Jolin, 
near  the  bay  of /.jralache,  in  the  Giilf 
of  Mexico,  about  75  miles  from  the  Ala- 
chua favanna  Hcie  are  near  30  habita- 
tions conftrudted  rl"  frame  work,  and 
covered  with  the b:;rlc  (jf  tf)e  cyprefs  tree, 
after  the  mode  of  Cufcov/illa,  and  a  fpa- 
cious  ?.nd  neat  council  honfc.  I'l-cfe  In- 
dians have  large  handfome  canoes,  which 
they  form  out  of  the  trunks  of  cyprcls 
trees,  feme  capacious  enough  to  hold  20 
or  30  warriors.  In  thcfe  they  defcend 
tlie  river  on  trading  and  hunting  expedi- 
tions en  the  fca  coaft,  iflands,  and  keys, 
(]uite  to  the  Point  of  Florida  ;  ;md  Ibmc- 
times  crofs  the  Guif  and  go  to  the  Baha- 
ma Iflands,  and  even  to  Cuba,  and  bring 
returns  cffpiriti:ous  liquors,  cofTcc,  fugar, 
and  tobacco. 

Talaptcf^e,  or  TuUapcofee,  the  ;^rcat  N  E 
branch  of  the  Alatjnia  or  Mobile  riycr. 


TAL 


T  AM 


m  Florida.  It  rifes  in  die  High -lands  near  ' 
the  Cherokecs,and  runs  through  the  hi;^h  | 
country  of  the  Oakfulkce  tribes  in  a  weft-  ' 
ward!)'  diredtion,  and  lo  full  of  rocks,  falls  } 
and  iiioals,  until  it  reaches  the  Tucka-  [ 
batches,  where  it  becomes  deep  and  qui-  I 
ft  ;  from  thence  the  courie  is  W  about  j 
30  miles  to  Little  Tallafic,  where  it  unites  | 
^vith  the  Cocfa  or  Coofa  Hatcha.  At  j 
Coolfome,  near  Otafle,  a  Mufcogulge  i 
town,  this  river  is  300  yards  broad,  and  I 
about  15  or  20  feet  deep.  The  water  is  I 
clear  and  falubrious.  In  moft  maps  ', 
iht  lower  part  of  this  river  is  called  Oui-  ' 

/"/.'.  I 

Tdlajf.-f^  or  TaUaJlce,  a  CO.  confiding  of  ) 
a  tradt  of  land  bounded  by  E.  Florida  on 
tlie  S,  from  which  the  head  water  of  St. 
Mary's  rivtr  partly  feparates  it  ;  N  by 
Alatamaha  river,  E  by  Glynn  and  Cam- 
den counties,  and  W  by  a  line  which  ex- 
tends from  the  W  part  of  Ekanfanoka 
Swamp,  in  a  N  E  direction  till  it  ftrikes 
the  Alatamaha  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Oakmulgce.  It  is  faid  that  the  ftate  of 
Geolgia  had  extinguiihed  the  Indian 
elaiiu  to  this  trad;  of  land,  but  it  has  been 
given  up  to  tlic  Indians  as  the  prire  of 
peace  ;  for  which  that  Hate  makes  a  claim 
^^^^  £S'^^'^oo  with  intereft,  fince  the  treaty, 
upon  the  United  States. 

Taloffef,  a  town  of  the  Upper  Creeks, 
in  the  MifTiGp])!  territory,  on  the  S  fide 
of  Talapoofee  river,  diftant  aUou*.;  3  days 
journey  fjom  Apalachicola  on  Chata 
Uclic  river.  It  is  alio  called  Big  Taiai- 
Ice. 

'Talhert's  TJland^  on  the  coafl  of  Georgia, 
the  N  point  of  which  is  in  hit.  about  30 
44  N,  wh«rc  St.  Mary's  river  empties  into 
the  ocean  between  this  illand  and  Amelia 
Illand  on  the  N. 

Talbot,  an  ithmd  on  the  coaft  of  E.  Flor- 
ida. The  lands  at  th-e  entrance  of  NafTau 
lie  three  miles  ofFthe  S  E  point  of  Amelia 
I.  and  from  the  N  E  point  of  Talbot  I. 

'Talbut,  a  county  of  Maryland,  on  the 
E  ihorc  of  Chcfapeak  bay,  bounded  E  by 
Choptcink  liver,  which  divides  it  from 
Caroline  co.  and  3  by  the  fame  river, 
■»vhich  feparates  it  from  Dorcefter.  It 
contains  13,436  inhabitants,  of  whom 
47  7  5  arc  llaves.  The  foil  is  rich  and  fer- 
tile. 

Talti(rujff!a,  a  cape  on  the  coafc  of  Chi" 
H,ii  leagues  N  E  of  the  iHand  of  St.  Ma- 
ry, and  2  N  of  Port  St.  Vincent. 

Talcaniama  Port,  is  9  miles  within  the 
above  pt;int  of  its  name,  and  is  one  of 
tv.'o  ^ood  roads  in  the  bay  of  Conceptioa, 


Thefown  here  has  been  built  fince  the  city^ 
of  Conception  was  deflroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake in  1 75 1,  which  was  3  Icr^gues  dif- 
tant.  The  town  flands  on  tiie  river  Bio- 
bio,  and  contains  iCjOOO  inhabitants. 
Here  is  the  Epifcopal  cathedral,  the  feat 
of  the  Bifliop,  and  all  the  religious  houfes. 
The  government  of  the  dif^ridl  has  bteu 
wholly  military  and  ccclcfiaftica).  The 
country  round  is  remarkably  healthy  and 
fertile, yielding  60  fold.  Vail  numbers  of 
cattle  are  annually  killed  for  their  hides 
and  tallow,  which  are  fent  to  Lima.  A- 
bout  aoo,ooo  dollars  worth  of  gold  is  an- 
nually colletSled  from  the  fands  of  the 
rivers  in  this  billioprick.  The  Indians  of 
this  country  have  numerous  herds  of  cat- 
tle, and  plenty  of  horfca,  and  live  more 
like  the  'I'artars  of  Afip,  than  the  favages- 
of  N.  America.     See  Correptim. 

Tallonv  Point,  2i  mark  for  anchoring  in 
the  harbour  of  Port  Royal,  on  the  S 
coaft  of  the  ifland  o-f  Jamaica. 

Tcloo  Harbour,  on  the  N  hde  of  the  ifl- 
and  of  Eiraco,  in  the  S.  Paciiic  Ocean.  S 
lat.  17  30,  "W  Ion.  150. 

Tamalequsy  an  inland  city,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  St.  Martha,  on  the  coafV  of  Terra 
Firma.  it  is  fituatcd  on  the  banks  of 
Magdalena  river,  and  carries  on  a  trade 
on  that  river  from  New  Granada  to  Car- 
thagena,  from  whence  it  is  diflant  above 
I  jo  miles. 

Tamar^  Cape,  is  the  N  W  point  of  a 
large  bay  and  harbour  on  the  N  fliore  of 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,  within  the  cape. 
The  S  E  point  of  the  bay  is  named  Prov- 
idence.    S  lat.  52  51,  W  Ion.  75  40. 

Tamarika,  an  illand  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, about  24  miles  in  length,  2  miles  Nof 
Pornovello,  and  has  a  harbour  and  good 
frelli  water.      S  lat.  7  56,  W  Ion.  }^$  5. 

Tawatamquz,  called  by  the  Spaniards, 
Villa  de  las  Puhnas,  a  town  of  Santa  Mar- 
tha, in  Terra  Firma,  S.  America  ;  on  the 
E  bank  of  Santa  Martha  river,  about  a8 
miles  above  TeneritTe. 

Tambo  Land,  on  the  coafl  of  Peru,  ex- 
tends about  9  miles  from  Cape  Remate  to 
Playa  de  los  Perdrice«,  or  the  Partridge 
Strand,  about  9  miles.  There  is  clear 
and  good  anchorage  upon  this  firand,  un- 
der a  row  of  high,  ridgy,  and  fandy  liilU. 
On  making  them  from  the  fea,  they  re- 
femble  a  covey  of  partridges  juft  rifing-^ 
hence  the  name  of  the  coaft. 

TamTtianys^  St.  a  village  on  Dan  river, 
in  Virginia,  15  miles  from  Gill's  Bridge,  7 
'from  Mecklenburg  court  houfe,  42  from 
Ilrtlifax  court  houie,  in  N.  Carolina,  39?. 

from 


TAP 


TAR 


from    Philaddphia,  and  226  from  Wafli- 
ington.     Here  is  a  pofl:  office. 

Tammatiyy  Fort  St.  or  St.  Mary's,  at  the 
mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  on  the  S  line 
of  Georgia.     See  St.  Mary's. 

Tammata  Pjppa,  a  low  ifiand  of  the  N 
Pacific  Oceiin,  laid  to  be  near  the  Sand- 
wich Iflands. 

Tamou  Ijli^d,  one  of  the  fmall  iflets 
whicii  form  part  of  the  reef  on  the  E  Tide 
of  Uiietea  I.  one  of  the  Society  Iflands. 

Tdmpa..      See  Spiv'.tu  Sunto. 

Tam-wortb,  a  townlliip  in  the  northern 
part  of  Strafford  co.  N.  Hampll^ire.  It 
contains  757  inhabitants. 

Tanlfanty  Bay,  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil, 
has  a  good  road,  flieltered  by  the  fands 
that  lie  off  within  3  miles  of  the  llaore, 
between  Point  Negro  and  Point  Luena. 

Tancytoivn^  a  fmall  poft  town  of  Mary- 
land, in  Frederick  co.  between  Piney  Run 
and  Pine  Creek,  on  which  are  a  number 
of  mills  and  fome  iron  works.  It  lies  27 
miles  N  by  E  of  Frcderickftown,  and  71 
from  Walliington. 

Tancla,  or  Tonda,  a  tradl  of  jliore  on 
the  W  coaftof  Mexico,  on  the  N.  Pacific 
Ocean,  commencing  near  the  Sugar  Loaf 
Hill,  about  16  miles  within  the  land, 
bearing  N  E  and  S  \V  with  the  burning 
mountain  of  Lacatecolula  about  18  miles 
up  the  river  L.impa. 

TangoLiy  an  ifland  in  the  N.  Pacific  O- 
cean,  and  on  the  W  coall:  of  N.  Mexico  ; 
affording  good  anchorage  and  plenty  of 
wood  and  water.  It  is  about  60  miles  W 
of  Guatimaia. 

Tunguey,  or  Toujruey,  on  the  coafl:  of 
Chili,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  yj  miles 
from  Limari,  and  in  lat.  30  30  N. 

Tanfa,  a.  branch  of  the  river  Mobile,  3 
leagues  below  the  Alabama  branch. 

'X't-ioo,  the  moft  foutherly  of  the  friend- 
ly Klauds,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
about  10  leagues  in  circuit,  and  fo  elevat- 
ed as  to  be  leen  at  the  difhaace  of  12 
leagues. 

Tuouka,  an  illand  In  the  S.  Pacific  O- 
cean,  one  of  the  Society  iHands.  S  lat. 
14  30,  W  lt>n.  145  9. 

T'lpanatfpeque,  a  town  of  Guaxaca,  and 
audience  of  Mexico.  It  ftands  at  the  fooc 
of  the  mountains  Ouelenos,  at  the  bottom 
of  a  bay  in  the  S.  Sea  ;  reprcfented  as  one 
the  pleafantefl:  places  in  this  country,  and 
the  ijcft  furniilied  with  flefli,  fowl  anxl 
fifli,  being  contiguous  both  to  the  fea  and  a 
river,  amidll  rich  farms,  each  of  which 
being  ftocked  with  batween  1000  and 
40CO  head  of  cattle.     Here  arc  delightful 


walks  of  orange,  lemon,  citron,  fig   and 
other  fruit  trees. 

Taparica,  a  long  ifland  on  the  W  fide  of 
the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  All  Sainrs, 
in  Brazil.     See  Bahia. 

Tapayo^  a  town  of  S.  America,  on  the  S 
bank  of  Amazon  river,  eafterly  from  the 
mouth  of  Madeira  river. 

Tappahannock,  a  poft  town  and  port  of 
entry  of  Virginiri,  in  Effex  co.  between 
DangerfieM  N,  and  Hofkin's  creek  S,  and 
on  the  S  W  bank  of  R^ppahinnock  river, 
54  miles  from  Richmond,  67  from  WiU 
liamlhurg,  and  117  from  Waihington.  It 
isalfo  called  Hobbss'  Hole  ;  which  fee.  It 
is  laid  out  regularly,  on  a  rich  plain,  and 
contains  about  100  houfcs,  an  epifcopal 
church,  a  court  houfc,  and  gaol  ;  but  is 
rather  unhealthy.  The  exports  for  one 
year,  ending  Sept  30,  1794,  amounted  to 
the  value  of  160,673  dollars. 

Tappan,  or  Oraugctoivn,  a  town  of  N. 
York,  m  the  S  ¥.  part  of  Orange  co.  about 
4  miles  from  the  W  bank  of  Hudfon  riv- 
er, and  at  the  S  end  of  the  Tappan  lea. 
Here  is  a  reformed  Proteftaiit  Dutch 
church.  Major  Andre,  adjutant  general 
to  the  Britilli  army  fuffered  here  as  a  fpy, 
OiEl.  a,  1780;  having  been  tnken  on  his 
way  to  N.  York,  after  concerting  a  plan 
with  major  general  Arnold  for  the  deliv- 
ering up  Wfft  Pomt  to  the  Britilh. 

Tappan  Sea,  or  B.iy,  a  dilataiion  of  Hud- 
fon river,  oppofue  the  town  of  Tappan, 
and  2i3  miles  N  of  N.  York  city  ;  iiiiniedi- 
attly  S  of  and  adjoining  Haverflraw  Bav. 
It  is  10  miles  long  and  4  wide  ;  and  !ias  011 
the  N  fide  fine  quarries  of  a  reddiili  free 
flone,  ufed  for  buildings  and  grave  (tones; 
which  are  a  fource  of  great  wealth  to  the 
proprietors.     See  SUcp  Rocks. 

Tuipuyes, or  Tapayos,  the  mf)^  confidera- 
ble  nation  of  the  native  Brazilians,  in  S. 
America,  that  have  not  yet  been  conquer- 
ed by  the  Portuguefe  They  fprcad  Iheni- 
felves  a  great  way  inland  to  the  W,  and 
are  divided  into  a  number  of  trlljes  or 
cantons,  ail  governed  by  thtir  owu  kini'". 
'Taraljumary,  a  province  of  N.  Spain, 
1200  miles  from  the  capital. 

'tarhorou^h,  a  poft  town  of  N-  Carolina, 
on  the  W  lide  of  Tar  P.ivcr,  abcut  8> 
miles  from  its  mouth,  140  from  Ocrecock. 
Inlet,  no  N  byE  of  Fayetteville,  37  S  oC 
Halifax,  ii2  fe  by  W  of  Pctprlburg  in 
Virginia,  and  420  S  W  of  Philadelphia. 
It  contains  523  fouls,  a  court  houfc  and 
gaol.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco,  of  the 
Pcterfburg  quality,  pork,  beef,  and  Indian 
corn  are  coUc<5led  here  for  eiportation. 


TAT 


AU 


Tarifa,  or  C.bk/jas,  one  of  the  fourteen  | 
jurildictioas,  belonging  to  the  archbilliop- 
ric  ol  Plata,  in  Peru.  It  lies  about  90 
inile<;  S  of  Plata,  and  its  greateit  extent  be- 
\:\'^  about  icj  miles.  The  temperature 
of  the  air  is  various  ;  in  fome  parts  hot, 
and  in  others  C!>Id  ;  fo  that  it  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  corn,  fruits  and  cattle.  This 
couiiiry  abounds  every  where  in  mines  of 
gold  and  hlver  ;  but  efpccially  that  part 
called  Chocayas.  Between  this  province 
and  the  country  inhabited  by  the  wild  In- 
dians, runs  the  large  river  Tipuanys,  the 
fauds  of  which  being  mixed  with  gold, 
are  wjiihed,  in  order  to  icparate  the  grains 
of  thit  metal. 

T.//,  or  Pamlico  Ri-ver^  a  confiderable 
river  of  N.  Carolina,  which  purfues  a  S  E 
courfc,  and  paHing  by  Wadiington,  Tar- 
horouj;;h  and  Grteu^illt,  enters  Pamlico 
Sound  in  Lit.  35  ii  N.  It  is  navigable 
for  vcfTcls  drawing  9  feet  water  to  the 
town  of  W'afliington, .  40  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  for  Icows  or  flats  carrying  .'^o 
or  40  iihds.  50  miles  farther  to  the  town  j 
of  Tai  uerough.     According  to  the  report 


a  co;;vilirt:e,  appointed   by  the  legifla- 


of 

tare  of  N,  Carolina,  to  inquire  into  the 
prarfticahility  of  improving  the  inland 
iiivigationofthe  State,it  is  fuppolcd that 

I  iiis  river,  and  Fifliy  Creek,  a  branch  of 
it,  may  be  made  navigable  40  miles  above 
Tarborough. 

Tirpaidln  Covf,  on  the  coaft  of  M'rfTa- 
chufetts,  lies  about  3   leagues  N  N  W  of 

II  limes's  ?Io!e,in  Marth.i's  Vineyard.  It 
is  higli  water  here,  at  full  and  change,  2 
minutes  after  10  o'clock  ,  5  fathoms 
•water. 

Turrytown,  a  conhderable  vill.-jge  in 
the  towniliip  of  Greenfburgii,  N.  Yoik,oa 
tile  E  b:!nk  of  Hudfon's  river,  30  miles  N 
of  N.  York  city.  Under  a  large  tree, 
which  is  flicvvn  to  travellers  as  they  pafs 
the  river,  is  th.e  fpot  where  the  unfortu- 
nate Mijor  Andre  was  taken  ;  who  was 
afterwards  executed  at  Tappjr. 

Tarjhivn.  See  Leivifourg,  Pcnnfylva- 
nia. 

'Tartes  Raplh,  Zt,  on  the  river  Ohio, 
40  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Great 
Kanhaway. 

Tai^.a^oucbe,  a  place  in  Nova  Scotia,  on 
a  fliort  bay  which  fcts  up  ioutherly  from 
tlte  Straits  of  Norihumberland  ;  about  25 
miles  from  Oiiilow,  and  21  from  the  ifl- 
aud  of  St.  Ji)hn's.  See  South  xinptcn.  It 
has  a  very  good  road  for  veJiels,  and  is 
known  alfo  under  the  names  iataptagan- 
abcu. 


Tafnafl,  a  new  county  in  Georgia. 

Tuinam  Cape^  the  eatkrn  point  of  Haye*s 
river,  in  Hudfoa's  Bay.  N  lat.  57  35,  W 
Ion.  91  30. 

latooetee,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific  O- 
cean,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Ifies,  caUcd  by 
Capt.  Ingraham, /■ra;////'«,  and  by  Captain 
Roberts,  Blake.      See  Ingraham  Jjls. 

Taumato^  an  ifland  about  #250  league* 
from  Mexico,  where  de  Quiros  fbyed  i^ 
days.  One  of  the  natives  named  above 
60  iflands  round  it.  Some  of  the  names 
follow,  viz.  Manicola,  Cliicayno,  larger 
than  Taumaco,  and  about  300  miles  from 
it  ;  Guatopo,  130  miles  from  Taumaco; 
Tucopia,  at  lOQ,  Avhere  the  country  of 
Manicola  lay.  The  natives  had,  in  gen- 
eral, lank  hair ;  fon^e  were  white,  with 
red  hair  ;  fome  niulattocs,  with  curled 
hair  ;  and  fome  woolly  like  negroes.  De 
Qiiiros  obferves  that  in  the  bay  of  Philip 
and  James,  were  many  black  ftones,  very 
heavy,  fome  of  which  he  carried  to  Mex- 
ico, and  upon  afi'aying  them,  they  found 
lilver. 

Taunton,  a  river  which  empties  into 
Narraganfet  Bay,  at  Tiverton,  oppofite 
the  N  end  of  Rhode  lOand.  It  is  formed 
by  fcveral  ftreams  which  rife  in  Plymouth 
CO.  MalTachufctts.  Its  courfe  is  about  jO 
miles  from  N  £  to  S  W,  and  it  is  naviga- 
ble forfmail  veilcls  to  Tauntcn. 

Taunton,  a  poft  town  of  Malllichufettf, 
nnd  the  capita!  of  Briflolco.onthe  Wfide 
of  Taunton  river,  and  contains  40  or  5Q 
houfcs,  compadlly  built,  a  church,  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  an  academy,  which  v/as 
incorporated  in  i  792.  It  is  36  miles  S  by 
E  of  Bofton,  ai  E  of  Providence,  21  N  of 
Bedford,  and  460  from  Wafliington.  The 
tt>wnfliip  of  Taunton  was  taken  from 
Raynham,  and  incorporated  in  1639,  and 
contains  3860  inhabitants.  A  flitting 
mill  was  erei^ed  here  in  1776,  and  for  a 
confiderable  time  the  only  one  in  Malla-. 
chuftits,and  was  then  the  belt  ever  built 
in  .America.  The  annual  production  of 
3  mills  now  in  this  townfliip  is  not  Icfs 
than  800  tons  of  iron  ;  about  jctons  are 
cut,  and  3C0  hammered  into  nails,  and 
the  remainder  is  wrought  intofpades  and 
fliovels;  ofxvhich  lafl  article  2CO  dozen 
arc  rolled  annually.  Mr.  Samuel  Leon- 
ard rolled  the  fjrft  fhovel  ever  done  in  A- 
mcrzca.  This  invention  reduces  the  price 
one  half.  Wire  drawing,  and  rolling  Ihect 
iron  for  the  tin  manufacture  arc  executed 
here.  There  is  alfo  a  maDurrt<5tory  of  a 
fpecies  of  ochre,  found  here,  iaio  a  pig- 
ment of  &  dark  yehow  colour. 

Tvuntm 


TEL 


TEL 


Taunion  Bay^  in  Maine,  Is  6  miles  from 

Freiichman'a  Bay. 

Taveniier  Key,  a  fmall  jflc  One  of  the 
Toriugas,  1  miks  from  the  S  W  end  of 
Key  LHrgcand  5  N  E  of  Old  Matacombe. 
N  ofthJ«  laft  iiland  is  a  very  good  road. 

Tuivandcs  Crjc.i,  in  Nortiuimbcrland  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  runs  N  E  into  the  E  branch 
of  Sul'quehaunah,  i2  miles  S  E  of  Tioga 
Point. 

Tazvasy  an  Indinn  tribe  In  the  (late  of 
Ohio,  1 8  miles  up  the  Miami  of  the  Lake. 
Another  tribe  of  this  name,  inhabit  high- 
er upthe  fame  river,  at  a  place  called  the 
Rapids. 

Tij-iuexlivi,  The  EngUJh^  Of  Picque  To'u>n, 
in  the  State  of  Ohio,  is  ikuatcd  on  the 
N  W  bank  of  the  Great  Miami,  35  miles 
below  the  5  mile  portage,  to  the  Mianii 
«f  the  Lake,  and  68  S  W  by  S  of  Miami 
Fort,  it  was  taken  in  1752.  by  the  French, 
N  lat.  4041,  W  Ion.  84  48. 

*Tazeiudl^  a  poft  town  in    Clairbvourne 

«o.  TeaefTee,  517  miles  from  Walliinoton. 

Tuzjivell,   a    county  in   Virginia,   370 

miles  from   Wafhington.     Here  is  a  poft 

office  l.ept  at  the  court  houfe. 

Tsacba,  a  fmall  id^nd  clofe  to  the  E 
flidre  of  Northampton  co.  Virginia,  and 
N  by  E  of  Parramore  lilaud. 

Tecot^tepecy  a  large  bay  on  the  V  coafl 
of  N.  Mexico, on  the  S  fide  of  the  Ifthnuis 
from  the  bay  or  Gulf  of  Campeachy,  in 
the  S  Wpart  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  and 
bounded  W  by  Point  Angelos.  The  port 
tv)wn  of  its  name,  lies  in  lat.  15  28  N,  and 
Ion.  96  15   W. 

Tcconk  Fulls,  are  in  Kcnnebeck  river,  18 
mllesabove  theflowingof  the  tide, 65  above 
tlie  mouth  of  the  river.     In   the  courfe  of  ; 
ao  rods  the  water  falls  ao  fe^t  over  a  rag-  j 
5°d  bed  of  rocks,  400  feet  in  v.'idth.     At  ' 
the  head  of  the  falls  an  ifland  of  folid  rock 
lifts  its  fummit,  waiting  to  receive  a  bridge, 
which  it  is  expedled  will  be  erected  over  , 
the  river  in  this  place.  I 

Tihuacan,  a  city  of  N  Spain,  i%o  miles  j 
S  E  of  Mexico.  I 

Ti'/y  Sounds  on  the  cor.fl:  of  Georgia,  S  > 
cf  Savannah  river,  is  a  capacious  road,  j 
where  a  large  fleet  may  anchor  in  from  j 
lo  to  14  fathoms  water,  and  be  land-lock-  j 
ed,  and  have  a  fafe  entrance  over  the  bar  ' 
of  the  river.  The  flood  tide  is  generally  ,1 
7  feet.  •  ;! 

T'lka^z  burning  mountain  on  the  W  i! 
Co?it  of  N.  Mexico,  feen  at  N  N  E  over  jj 
the  ridge  of  Tofta.  It  is  one  of  the  range  | 
of  volcanoes  which  are  feen  along  the 


toaft  from  Fort  St.  John'?  to  I'ecaantc- 


peck,  and  is  i3  mllos  from  Volcano  del 
Vejo,  or  old  Man'-?  Burning  Mountain  ; 
and  there  are  two  otiiers  between  them, 
biut  not  fo  eafily  dirccrned,as  ihey  do  not 
often  emit  finoke. 

Tellico  Black  Hciife^  in  TernefTee,  cre<3:* 

ed  in  1794,  (lands  on  the  Nbauk  of  Twi'r 

nelTee  river,  imme<iiate.'y  oppoliie  the  »e* 

mains  of  Fort  Loudon  ;  and  is  computed' 

to  be  900  miles,  according  to  the  courie 

of  ti;e  river  from  its  mouth,  and  7,7,  miJes 

S  of  JCnoxville  in  TennciTec.      In  poirit  of 

litualiou,i:  is  muchrdmired.  A  gentleman 

of  great  tafte  andfcience,   who  had  f.  ea 

much  of  Europe  and  America  generally, 

exclaimed,  upon  carting  his  eve  fic^m  it  i.p 

the  river,  to  the  eaft,    '*  What  a  fcene  for 

the  exercile  of  the  genius  of  a  landfcape 

painter!  '*  Upon  this  view  you  behold  the 

Tenncflee  for  feveral  miles    defcending 

from  the  foot  of  the  mountains.    At  about 

iix  miles  the  eye   is  intercepted   by  the 

Chilhov/ee   mountain,  extending  from  N 

E  to  S  W  ;  and  further  to  the  E  y«^)u  be- 

Ijold  mountain   riling  above  moxuitain  to 

a  great  height,  in  fummer  clothed  in  rich 

verdure,  and  in  winter  covered  with  ihow. 

To  the  S  looking  acrofs  tlie   river  and. 

over  looking  the  remains  of  Fort  I^-udon, 

is  a  very  exteuf: v^c  plain,  formiug  a  very 

pleafing  contraft  wi:h   the  mouiitaius,   in 

which  are  a  nur.-iber    of  tlie    Cherokee 

I  towns,  at  prefent  inhabited,  and  the  re- 

I  mains  of  manyotliers,  which  liavc  bet'Ti 

j  dcflroyed    by  the  white  people  fiticc  the 

}eari776.     To  the  W  the  eye  Is    again 

I  delighted   WMth  a  view,  for    »rtiic;,c;owr» 

•  the   river,    and   the     remain-,   of   feverai 

;  large     Indian    towns.         From      the     N 

I  come-s  Nine  mile   Creek,  through  a  rich 

I  tiadt  of  country,  and   empties  into   the 

i  TennefTee  one  hundred  paces  ^bove  the 

I  b'ock  houfe.     As  a  mihtary  poft,  it  hits 

been  the  corner  ftoce  of  the  prefent  peacp 

with  the  Cherckees,  and  creeks  too,  fo 

far    as   rcfpeils  this  country;  snd  as  a 

trading  port,  it  will  very  much  contribute 

to  the  preferv alien  of  peace  with  thcfe 

two  nations. 

TeUigno-,  Great,  in  Tepe.^ce,  was  on  tl^e 
E  fidp  of  the  Chota  brancli  of  TenefTee 
river,  about  25  m^Ies  N  E  of  the  mouth 
of  Hclfton  river,  and  5  S  of  the  line  which 
marked  Lord  Granville's  Fmits  of  Caroii- 
na.  This  Avas  a  Britifli  factory,  eftablilh- 
ed  after  the  treaty  of  WeftminHer,  in 
1729.^ 

Telliguo  I^rTount'alr.s.,  lie  S  of  the  abovft 
place,  and  feem  to  be  p?,rt  of  what  are 

WW 


TEN 


TEN 


now  called  the  Great  Iron   Mountains,  in 
ihe  lateft  maps. 

Temfie^  a.  place  in  New  Galicia,  200 
leagues  N  W  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Temple,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
HilUhoroui^h  co.  N  of  New  Ipiwich,  and 
70  miles  W  of  Portfmoutli.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1768,  and  contains  867  inhab- 
itants. 

Temple,  a  town  in  Kcnnebeck  co  on  the 
W  lide  of  the  river,  incorporated  in 
1803. 

Ti'r:?ple  Bay,  on  the  Labrador  coaft,  op- 
fiofite  Belle  Ifle.  A  Britifn  fettlement  of 
this  name  was  deftroyed  by  the  French, 
in  06tober,  1796. 

TempUton,  a  poft  towR  in  the  N  W  part 
of  Worcefter  co.  Mafi'achufetts,  contain- 
ing I c68  inhabitants.  It  was  granted  a.s 
a  bounty  to  the  foldiers  in  king  PhiUp's 
tvar,  and  was  called  Nurraganfet  No.  6, 
until  its  incorporation  in  1762.  It  is  63 
miles  W  by  N  W  of  Bofton,  28  N  by  W 
of  Worcefter,  and  472  from  Wafliington. 

Tench's  IJland,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
was  difcovered  in  1790,  by  Lieut.  Ball, 
and  liea  in  lat.  i  39  S,  and  Ion.  151  31  W. 
It  is  low,  and  only  about  t  miles  in  circuit, 
but  is  entirely  covered  with  trees,  includ- 
ing many  of  tlie  cocoa  nut  kind.  It 
a!)ounds  with  inhabitants,  and  the  men 
appear  to  be  remarkably  flout  and  healthy, 

Tenerijfe,  a  town  of  Santa  Manila  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America,  fituated  on 
rhe  eaftern  bank  of  the  great  river  Santa 
Martha,  below  its  confluence  with  Mada- 
^ena,  about  135  miles  from  the  city  (;f  San- 
ta Martha,  towards  the  S,  the  road  from 
winch  capital  toTenerifFeis  very  difficult 
bv  land,  but  one  may  go  very  calily  and 
agreeably  from  one  to  the  other  partly 
l»y  fea,  and  pai  dy  by  the  abovemention^d 
river. 

Tennant's  Harbour,  OH  the  coafl:  of  Maine, 
!ies  about  3  leagues  from  George's  Iflands. 

Tctiejfec,  the  moft  confiderable  Ridge  of 
ihe  Cumberland  Moiii-itain.  It  feparates 
the  waters  of  the  'renellee  and  Cumber- 
land Rivers.  In  fome  parts  it  rifes  into 
abrupt  hills,  but  in  others  it  admiib  of  good 
roads. 

Tencjfte,  a  navigable  river  of  the  State 
of  TenefTee,  called  by  the  French  Cherokee^ 
and  abfutdly  by  others,  Hogohegee  river, 
is  the  large  (I  branch  of  the  Ohio.  It  rif- 
es in  the  mountains  of  Viroinia  in  about 
lat.  37,  and  purfues  a  courfe  of  about 
1000  miles  S  and  S  W  nearly  to  lat.  34, 
receiving  from  both  fides  a  number  of 
Urge  tributary  dreams.      It  then   wheels 


about  to  the  N  in  a  circuitous  courfe,  and 
mingles  with  the  Ohio,  nearly  60  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  is  navigable  for  vcf- 
fels  of  great  burden  to  the  Mufde  ShoJs, 
^SO  miies  from  its  mouth.  It  is  there 
about  3  miles  broad,  full  of  fmall  iflc=;, 
and  only  palfable  in  fmall  boats  or  bat- 
teaux.  The  navigation  here  may  be  much 
improved  the  bottom  being  loofe  (lone* 
eaiily  removed.  From  thefe  flioals  to  the 
JVhirl,  or  Suck,  the  place  where  the  river 
is  contratEled  to  the  breadth  of  70  yards, 
and  breaks  through  the  Great  Ridge,  or 
Cumberland  Mountain,  is  250  miles,  and 
the  navigation  for  large  boat'^  all  the  w\j 
excellent.  Boats  eafily  afccnd  the  IVhirl 
being  towed.  The  highefl:  point  of  nav- 
igation upon  this  river  is  Tellico  Block 
Houfe,  900  miles  from  its  mouth  accord- 
ing to  its  meanders.  It  receives  HoLftoii 
river  22  miles  below  Knoxville,  and  then 
running  W  15  miles,  receives  the  Clinch. 
'Fhe  other  waters  which  empty  into  Ten- 
eifee,  are  Duck  and  Elk  rivers,  and  Crow 
Creek,  on  the  one  fide  ;  and  the  Occachap- 
po,  Chickamauga  and  Htwafl'ee  rivers  on 
the  S  and  S  E  fides.  In  the  Teneflee  and 
its  upper  branches  are  great  numbers  of 
filh,  fome  of  v.'hich  are  very  large  and  of 
an  excellent  flavour.  The  river  to  which 
the  name  TenefTce  was  formerly  confined, 
is  that  part  of  it  which  runs  N,  and  re- 
ceives Holfton  river  20  miles  below  Knox- 
ville. 'Fhe  Coyeta,  Chota,  and  Chilha- 
wee  Indian  tovv  ns  are  on  the  W  fide  of 
the  river ;  aiid  the  TaliafTe  town  on  the 
E  fide. 

Tcnnc£'ee,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  and,  until  i796,called  the  Tentt^f" 
fee  Government,  OX  Territory  of  the  United 
States,  South  of  the  Ohio.  It  is  in  length  4OO 
miles,  and  in  breadth  104;  between  lat. 
2,S  and  36  30  N,  and  Ion.  8i  28  and  91 
l'6^^.  It  is  bounded  N  by  Kentucky 
and  part  of  "Virginia  ;  E  by  N.  Carolina  ; 
S  by  the  Miliifippi  Territory,  W  by  the 
MilfilippL  It  is  divided  into  3  diftridls, 
viz.  Wafliington,  Flamliton,  and  Mero, 
which  are  iubdividcd  into  22  counties, 
viz.  Wafliington,  Sullivan,  Grei-ne,  Carter, 
Hawkins,  Knox,  Jeflerfon,  Cocke,  Sevier, 
Blount,  Grainger,  Anderfon,  Claiborne, 
Roane,  Davidftm,  Sumner,  Robcrtfon, 
Montgomery,  Williamfon,  W'ilfon,  Smith, 
and  Jackfon.  The  fird  5  belong  to  Wafli- 
ington diftriifl,  the  next  9  to  that  of  Ham- 
ilton, ai;d  the  8  latter  to  Mero  diflriift 
'Fhe  two  former  difl:ri6ls  are  divided  from 
the  latter,  by  an  uninhabited  country  of 
91   nules  in  extent;  that     is,  from  the 

block 


TEN 


TEN 


felock  houfes,  at  the  point  formed  by  tlie    j 
junction  of  tlie  Clinch  with  the  Tenadlce, 
called   y.   W.  Point,  to  fort  BIcunc  upon   1 
Cumberland  R.  through  which  there  is  a   j 
•waggon    road,  opened  in  the  i'unamet  of  i 
1795, and  now  kept  inrepairby  a  turnpike  I 
company.     There    are    few  countries    !o 
well  watered  with  rivers  and  creeks.    The  | 
principal  rivers   are  the   MiHifippI,  Ten-  | 
nelltc,  Cumberland,  Hohlon,  and  Clinch.  ' 
The  tracfl  called  the  broken  Ground,  fends 
immmediatety   Into    the    MiiTtfippi,    the 
Woif,   H:itchee,    Forketl  Deer,   Obian  or 
Obean,and  Rcelfoot  ;  wiilch  are  from  30 
to  80  yards  wide  at   their  months  ;  mofl: 
of  the  rivers   have  exceedingly    rich   low 
grounds,  at  the  extreoiity  of  which  is  a 
ffcond  bank,  as  on  moft  of   the    lands  of 
the  Miirillppi.     Beftde  thefe  rivers,  there  I 
aYe  fcveral  fmailer  ones,  and  intuimerab'.e  i 
creeks,  fome  of  which  are  navip,able.     In  ' 
fliort, there  is  hardly  afpv>t  in  this  country,  ! 
which  is  more  than  20  miles  from  anaviga- 
blcftream.  Thechief  mountains  are  Stone, 
Yellow,  Iron,  Bald,  and  Unaka,  adjoining 
to  one  another,  from  the  eaftern  boundary 
of  the  ftate,  and  feparate  it  from  N.  Car- 
olina;  their  direcT:ion  is  Dearly  from  N   E 
to  S  W.     The  other  mountains  are  Clinch 
and  Cumberland.     It  would  require  a  vol- 
ume  to   describe    the  mountains  of  this 
State,  above  half  of  which  is  covered  with 
thofe  that  are   uninhabitable.     Some  of 
thefe  mountains, particularly  the  Cumber- 
land or  Great  Laurel  Ridge,  are  the  moft 
ftiipendous   piles    in  the    United    States. 
They    abound    with   ginfeng    and    coal. 
Their  caverns  and  cafcades  are  innumer- 
able.     The    Enchanted  Mountain,  about  2 
miles  S  of  Brafs  Town,  is  famed  for  the 
curiofities  on  its  rocks.     There    are    on 
fcvcml  rocks  a  number  of  impreffions  re- 
fembling    the    tracks    of  turkies,   bears, 
horfes,  and  human  beings,  as  viiible  and 
perfect  as  they  could  be  made  on  fnow  or 
iand.  The  latter  were  remarkable  for  hav- 
ing 6  toes  each  ;  one  only  excepted,  vvrhrch 
appeared  to  he  the  print  of  a  negro's  foot. 
By  this  v.'e  muft  fuppofc    the  originals  to 
have  been  the  progeny  of  Titan  or  Anak. 
One  of  thefe  tracks  was  very  large,  the 
length  of  the  foot  16  inches,  the  diftance 
of  the  extremes  of  the  outer  toes  it^  inches, 
the  proximate  breadth  behind  the  toes  7 
inches,  the  diameter  of  the  heel  ball  5. 
One  of  the   horfc  tracks   was  likewifc  of 
an  uncommon  fizc,  the  tranfverfe  and  con- 
jugate  diameters,  were  8  by    lo  inches  ; 
perhaps  the  horfe  which  the  Great  War- 
rior rode.     What  appears  the  moH  in  fa- 


vour of  their  being  the  real  tracks   of  tht 
animals  they  rcprefcnt,is  the  circumftanc^ 
of  a  horft's  foot  having   apparently  flip-* 
pcd  fcveral  inches,   and  recovered  ara  n, 
and  the  figures  having  all  the  fame  direc- 
tion, like   the  trail   of  a   company   on    a 
journey-     if  it  be  a  li^fus  naium;  flic  never 
fporlcd  more  feriouily.     If  the  ()ptration 
of  chance,  perhaps  there  was  never  more 
apparent  ritftgn.     If  it  were  done  by  art,' 
it   ruight   be    to  perpetuate   the  rtmtm- 
brance  cf  fome  remarkable  event  of  war* 
or  erg;igcn-.ent  fought  on  thegrcnird.  ""J  he 
vaft  heaps  of  ftones  near  the  place,  fatd  to 
be  tombs  of  warriors  (lain  in  battle.  Item 
to  favour  the  fuppohtion.     The  texture  cf 
the  rocks  is  foft.     The  part  on  which  the 
fun  had  the  greattfl  infiuence,  nnd  wbicU 
was  tlie  moll  indurjite'l,  could  tafily  be  ciiC 
with  a  knife,  and  appeared  to  be-  ol  the  na- 
ture of  the  pipe  flone.     Some  of  the  Cher- 
okees  entertain  an  opinion  that  it  aUva\3 
rains  when  a%iy  perfon  vilits  the  place,  a:v 
if  fympathetic  nature  wtpt  at  the  recol- 
Iet9:u)n  of  the  dreadful  catHflrophe  which 
thofe  figures  were   intended  to  comtncn -> 
orate.    Ihe  principal  towns  areKnoxville, 
I  the  feat   cf    government,  Nafiivilie,  ami 
I    Tonefoorough,  befide  8  other  towns,  whii  !v 
are  as  yet  of  little  importance.     In  1791, 
I   the  lumiber  of  inhabitants  was    eftimated 
I   ^f    35/^^J''^'      ^^^    November,    1795,    the 
I  number  had  increafed  to    77,262   perfon'^, 
I  Iri  i8co  there  were    105,602  inliabitants, 
I  of  whom  13,584  were  flaves.     The  foil  i* 
luxuriant,  and  will  afford  every  produc- 
tion, the  growth  of  aiiy  of  the   United 
States.   The  ufu;d  crop  of  ccttnn  is  Scclbs. 
to  the  acre,  of  a  long  and  fine  iTaple  ;  and 
of  corn  frcm  60  to  80,  and  fometimes  100 
buflitis.     It  is  afferted,  however,  that  the 
lands  on  the  fmall  rivers,  th??t  cmptv  into 
the  Miihfippi,  have  a  decided  preference 
to  thofe  on  Cumberlanfl  river,  for  the  pro- 
du«51:ion   of  cotton,  rice,  and  indigo.     Of 
trcee,  the  general   growth  ii  poplar,  hick- 
ory, black  and  white  walnut,  .-til  kinds  of 
oaks,  buckeye,  b^ech,  fycamore,  black  and 
i[  honey   locuft,  alli,  hornbeam,  elm,  mul- 
I   berry,  cherry,  dogwood,  fafTafras,  poppaw, 
i  cucumber  tree,  and  the  fugar  tree.     The 
undergrowth,  erpecially  on  low  lands,  19 
,  cane  ;  fome  of  which  are  upwards  of  ao 
j  feet  high,  and  fo  thick  as  to  prevent  any 
I  other   plant   from   growing.      Of    herbs, 
I  roots,  and  ilirubs,  there  are  Virginia  and 
1  Seneca  fnakcroot,  ginfeng,  angelica,  fpice 
wood,  wild  plum,  crab  apple,  fweet  annife, 
I  redbud,  gii:ger,   i^iikenard,  wild  hop  and 
1  grape  vi-ocs.    The  glades  are  covered  witk 
'  wild 


TE  N 


T   EN 


will  J  rvcy  wlitl  oats,  clover,  buff  Joe,  grvS's:,  ]  f^^v'r.yof.  ftrongly  impregnated  v.-Ith  fulphur  ■ 
jftrawoerries  and  pea  vines.  Ou  the  hills  jj  are  tound  in  various  p-ir£s.  Saltpetre 
at  the  liead  of  rivers,  and  in  fonie  hi^h  !j  caves  are  ninnerous  ;  and  in  the  courfe  of 
riicf^  ot  Cumberland,  ars  found  majcitic  j'  tae  year  1796,  fcveral  tons  of  ialtpetre 

were  lent  to  the  Atianitc  miirketb.  'I'h's 
j  country  iuraiilies  aU  the  valuable  articles 
j  of  the  fouthern  States.  Fine  wa£gcn  and 
j   laddie  horics,  beei  cattle,  gim'eiig,   deer 


r?<i  cedars  ;  many  of  thefe  are  4  feet  in 
uiamerei-,  and  40  £eec  clear  of  limbs.  The 
imimals  are  iiich  as  arc  found  in  "•  e  neigii- 
bcuriiig  States.  The  rivers  arc  w..  .1  flock- 
ed with  all  kinds  of  fre'.h  water  fiih  ;  a- 
ruiong  which  are  trout,  percli,  cat  fifli,  buf- 
Jidacfilli,  red  liorie,  eeK,  «S.,c.  Sonie  cat 
iiih  have  been  caught  v.'hich  weighed  up- 
wards of  100  pouudi  :  the  weltera  waters 
being  more  clear  and  pure  than  the  eafiern 
rivers,  the  iim  are  in  the  lame  degree  more 
lirm  and  favcury  to  iJie  tafle.  in  1799,  a 
liiK  was  caught  in  the  Holfton,  a  few  miles 
below  KnoxviUo,  about  6  ieet  long,  the 
fcalcs  cf  which  were  large,  and  thickfct, 


iKins  and  furs,  cotton   m  great  quantiues, 

hemp,   and   flax,  may  be   tranfported  b.y 

land;  alio  iron,  lumber,  poik   and   fiour 

may  be  exported  ingieat  quantities,  now 

ij  that  the  nivigation   of  the    Miiiihppi    i» 

;    opened  to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

|!   In  ioJi,  the  exports  of  tins  State,  the   N 

j;  W. Territory  aud  Miiiiuppi, amounted  ta 

ll  443^955  tloils.     The  Prefln'terians  are  ch% 

I|  prevail  ng  denomination  of  Chji:Hans  ;  is 

:!  1788,   they    had  23   large   congregations, 


and  gave  lire  by  coilifion  wi:h  a  flint,  like  '}  who  were  then  fupplied  by  only  6  mijiif- 

I  ters.     I'here  are   alio   fame  BaptifU  and 
I  Methodifis.     The  inhabitants  have  paid 
I  greit  attention  to  the  interefts  offcience  ; 
i   befide  private  fchooL^,tiiere  are  3  college* 
j  eltabiifhed  by  la>v  ;  Greenville  in  Greeu'j 
j  CO.  Blount  at  Knoxvdle,  and  Wailiingtoa 
j  in  the  county  of  tliat  name.     The  college 
;  in  Green's  coimty  is  ilouriiliing  under  the 
i  direction    of  a    Preiident  and  Vice   Pref- 
ident.        [See  Grc'tnviite.']    Here  is  likewif* 
a"  Society  for  promoting  ITfeful  Knowl- 
edge."     A  tafte  for  literature  is  daily  hi- 
i  creailng.       The  inhabitants    chieilv  enii- 
grated/rom  Peanfylvania,  and  that  part  of 


fi^l.  The  climate  is  temperate  and 
Lealthrul ;  the  fumniers  are  very  cool  and 
picafant  in  that  part  Vvhich  is  contiguous 
to  the  mountains  that  divide  this  State 
from  N.  Carolina  ;  but  on  the  v/cflern 
iide  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain  the 
h.^at  is  more  intcnfe,  v/hich  renders  that 
part  better  calculated  for  the  produclion 
of  tobacco,  cotton  and  indigo.  JLime  ftone 
is  common  on  both  lides  of  Cum'.?criand 
Mountain.  There  are  no  ftagnant  v/.;ters ; 
and  this  is  certainly  one  of  the  reafons 
v/hy  the  inhabitants  arc  not  afHicled  with 
th.>fe    billions    and    intermitting    fevers, 


ri'hich  are  Co  frequent,  and    often   fatal,  |    Virginia  that  lies  W  of  the 


Bear  the  fame  latitude  ou  the  coall  of  the 
fouthern  States.  V^Huitever  may  be  the 
caures,thc  inhabitants  have  been  remarka- 
blv  healthy  ftnce  they  fettled  on  the  waters 
©f  Cumberland  R.  The  country  abounds 
With  mineral  fprings.  Salt  licks  are  found 
in  many  parts  of  the  country.  [See  Camp- 
brWs  Sailncs.]  Iron  ore  abounds  in  the  dif- 
tricls  of  Wadiington  and  H:'.m!!ton,  and 
f  ne  ftreams  to  put  iron  works  in  opera- 
tion. Iron  ore  v/as  lately  difcovered,  upon 
the  S  of  Cumberljknd  river,  about  30  miles 
below  Kanivillo,  and  a  furnace  is  now 
ercdling.  There  is  a  bloomery,  furnace, 
and  2  forges  in    Robertfon  co.     Several 


Ridge. 


Tiie  anceflors  of  thefe  people  were  gener- 
ally of  the  Scotch  nation  ;  forae  of  whom 
emigrated  fiift  to  Ireland,  and  fiom  thence 
to  America.  A  few  Germans  and  Ea- 
glifii  are  intermixed.  In  1788,  It  was 
thought  there  were  20  white  perfons  to  i 
negro  ;  and  the  difproportion  is  thmight 
to  be  far  greater  nov/.  This  country  wa» 
included  in  the  id  charter  of  king  Charles 
II.  to  the  proprietors  of  Carolina.  In  a 
fubfequent  divifion,  it  made  a  part  of  N. 
Carolina.  It  was  explored  about  tht 
year  1745,  and  fettled  by  about  50  fami- 
lies in  1754  ;  who  were  foon  after  driven 
ofFor  deftroyed  by  the  Indiana.      Its  fei- 


lead  mines  have  been  difcovered,  and  one   j  tlement   recommenced    in    1765.        Tie 


on  French    Broad  has  been  worked ;  the 
ore  produced   75    per  cent,  in  pure  lead.   ,' 
The  Indians  fay  that  there  are  rich  filvcr  ji 
irJnes  in  Cumberland  Mountain,  but  can-  jj 
not  be  tempted  to  difcover  any  of  them  ;, 
to  the  white  people.     It   is  fald  that  gold 
has  been  found  here  ;  but  the  mine  from 
which  that  metai  v.-as  extracted  is  now  un- 
kn^wa  ty   the  whit?  people.     Ores  a^d 


firft  permanent  fettienient  took  place  near 
Long  Ifland  of  Holfl()u,and  upon  Watau- 
ga, about  1774  ;  and  tiie  rirlt  appearance 
of  any  perfons  from  it,  in  the  public  coun- 
cils of  N.  Carolina,  was  in  the  conventioa 
of  that  State  in  i//^.  In  the  vear  17^0, 
a  party  of  about  40  families,  under  the 
guidance  and  diredtion  of  James  Robert- 
ton,  (fmcs  Bri^.  G^a.  Rgbcrtion,  of  Mero 

iiftiia 


TEO 


TEtl 


diflrlA)  pafTed  through  a  wildornefs  of  at 
lead  300  miles  to  the  French  Lick,  and 
there  founded  Nafliville.  Their  iiearelt 
neighbours  \Vere  the  fet  tiers  of  the  infant 
State  of  Kentucky,  between  whom  and 
them,  was  a  vvildernefs  of  200  miles.  From 
the  year  1784,  to  1788,  the  government 
of  N.  Carolina  over  this  country  was  in- 
terrupted by  the  afiumed  State  of  Frank- 
land  ;  but  in  the  ye-iriyS^,  the  people 
returned  to  thair  allegiance.  In  1789, 
N.  Carolina  ceded  this  territory  to  the 
United  States,  on  certain  conditions,  r.nd 
Congrefs  provided  for  its  government. 
A  convention  was  held  at  Knoxviile,  in 
1796,  and  on  the  6th  of  Feb.  the  couftitu- 
tion  of  the  State  of  Tenntflce  was  fign- 
ed  by  every  member  of  it.  I'-s  principles 
promife  to  enfure  the  happinefs  and  prof- 
perity  of  the  people.  Tiie  Indian  tribes 
within  and  in  the  vicinity  of  this  State 
are  the  Cherokees  and  Chickafaws. 

Tsnejce  R'lJge^  the  height  is  fo  called, 
which  divideo  the  waters  of  Tvmeiiee  riv- 
er from  thofe  of  the  Cumberland,  extend- 
ing from  Cumberland  mountain  to  the 
river  Ohio,  a  courfe  ofnearly  300  miles,  if 
meafured  by  its  meanders  in  which  it  re- 
fembles  the  m.ofl:  ferpentine  river.  Its 
I'eneral  bearing,  for  the  firil:  half  of  the 
way,  is  weftwardly,  and  then  northwcfler- 
ly.  It  Hopes  away  from  Cumberland 
mountain,  fa  that  in  the  meridian  of 
NafJiville,  it  is  only  a  gradual  fwell  ; 
though  much  of  it  farther  W  is  higher  and 
more  abrupt.  From  fome  of  its  highcl^t 
points  one  may  overlook  a  vaft  extent  of 
country.  As  it  fliifts  its  direcflion  con- 
tinually, ribs  extend  from  it  in  all  points 
of  compafs,  and  thefe  again  are  fubdivid- 
ed,  and  fplit  into  ftill  farther  ramifications, 
the  heads  of  the  different  hoUt)ws  giving 
origin  to  flreams  of  water,  which,  collecft- 
ing  together  round  the  points  of  the 
fours  or  ribs  of  the  ridges,  form  creeks 
and  rivers. 

Tenfazv,  a  fettlement  near  Mobile  Cay, 
inhabited  in  1787  by  90  Ameiican  fami- 
lies.     See  Taertfa. 

Tfowenijla  Crck^rwxiZ  foutherly  about  28 
miles,  then  wefterly  6  miles,  and  empties 
into  Alleghany  river  about  18  nn'les  from 
its  mouth,  and  nearly  5  below  the  Hick- 
ory town. 

Tepeafa,  in  Mexico.       See  A?j>^cIos. 

T.-quajo,  or  Tifjuas,  a  province  of  Mexi- 
co ;  in  about  lat.  37,  where  are  16  vil- 
lages. 

Teqtirpa,  a  part  of  the   coafl   of   New 
Mexico,  1 8  leagues  N  W  of  Acapulco. 
Vol.  1.  Ffff 


Tequuy  Bjj,  on  the  S  E  part  of  the 
coaft  of  the  ifland  of  Cuba,  between  Cape 
Cruiz,  and  Cape  Maizi,  at  the  E  end.  It 
alFords  good  anchorage  and  fueker  for 
fhip^-,but  is  not  much  frequented. 

Termhij,  Laguuu,  or  Lai:  of  'T/d-j-,  lies 
at  the  hottoai  of  t)i2  Gulf  of  Campeachy, 
in  the  S  W  part  of  the  Gulf  of  hiexico. 
It  is  v/ithin  Triefte  and  Beef  IHancl,  atid 
Port  Royal  liland.  The  tide  ru;is  very 
hard  in,  at  moit  of  the  channels  betv.'ecii 
the  iHands  ;  hence  the  name. 

Ten  a  Blavxiiy  in  Mexico.      See  Ar.yelou 
Terra    dc    Lairaton^    or  the    Ploughmaii's 
Land,  the  name  given  by  the  Snaruai-ds  iO 
Labrador,  inhabited  by  the  Efquimaux. 

Terra  del  Fuego  JjIunJ^  or  J^and  (^  Flrd^  at 

the  S  extremity  of  S.  America,  is  feparated 

from  tlie  main  on  the  N  by  the  Scraits  of 

Magellan,   and   contains     about     4:4,000 

fquare  miles.      Thi.  is  the  iargeil  of  the 

iflands  S  of  the  Straits,  and  they  receive 

this  name  on  account  of  the  vafl  f.re3  and 

fmoke  v/hich  the  firll  difcoverers  of  th  m 

perceived.      The   iHand  of  Statcn  I^and 

j  lies  on  the  E.      They  are  all  barren  and 

i  mountainous  ;  but  tnere  have  been  found 

!  feverJ.  f'>rts  of  tri.ci  and  plants  and  a  va- 

I  riety  of  birds  on  the  lower  grounds  and 

I  iflands  that    are  i!ultered  by  the    hill-.. 

j  Here  are  i"ound  v/inter's  baik,  and  a  {-^/z.- 

I  cies  of  arbutus  v.-hich  has  a  very  well  tail- 

!  ed  red  fruit  of  the  'i\z^  of  fniail  cl:i2rries. 

:  Plenty  cf  cellery  is  found  in  fome   phvc^s, 

and  the  rocks  are  covered  v^ith  very  line 

;  muicles.      A  fpecif  s  of  duck  as  large  as  a 

I  goofe,  and  called  the  loggerhead  duck  at  . 

!  the   Ealklaad   Mauds,  is  here  met  w'tf., 

;  which  beats  the  water  with  its  wings  and 

I  feet,  and  runs  along  the  fca  with  incon- 

I  ceivable    velocity  ;  and   there    are    alio 

I  geefe  and  falcons. 

!        T^rra  Fir  ma,  OX  Cijillc  del  Ore,  the  moft 
'  northern   province   of  S.  America,    i-<GO 
i  miles  in  lengthy  and  700  in  breadth  ;  iii- 
i  uated  between  the  equator  and  13  N  Iz^t. 
i  and  between  60  and  82  W  Ion.  bounded 
i  Nby  theN.  Atlantic   Ocean,  here  called 
;  the  N  Sea,  E  by  the  fame  ocean  and  '  uri- 
1  nam,  S  by  Amazonia  and  Pei  u,  and  W  by 
jithe   N.  Pacific  Ocean,      it  is  called  Terra 
Firma   fr.-un  being   the    firil    part  of  the, 
continent  difcoxcred   by  th.e    Spaniard?, 
and  is  divided   inlo  Terra    Firma  Proper, 
or  Darien,  Carthagena,  St.  Martha,  Vene- 
zuela, Comana,  Paria,  New  Granada,  and 
Popayan.      The  chief  towns  are    Porto 
ReUo,  Pnnama,  Carthagena,  ar.d  Popayj;x:. 
The  principal  bays  of  this  province  in  the 
Pacific  Oct  an,  aie  thofe  of  Pai'^ma  and 


TE  R 


HA 


i>t.  -M'cha£l,  in  the  N.  Sea,  Porto  Bello, 
Sino,  Gui.ira,  &c.  The  rhief  rivers  are 
the  Darien,  Chagre,  Santa  Maria,  Concep- 
tion, and  Oroaoke.  Tlie  climate,  efpec- 
ially  in  the  northern  parts,  is  extremely 
hoc  and  fulrry  during  the  whole  year. 
From  the  month  of  May,  to  the  end  of 
Nov.  the  feaibn  called  winter  by  the  in- 
habitants, is  almoft  a  continual  fuccelilon 
of  thunder,  rain  and  tempers,  the  clouds 
precipitating  the  rain  with  fuch  impetu- 
olity,  that  the  low  lands  exhibit  the  ap- 
pearance of  an  ocean.  Great  part  of  the 
country  is  coniequently  flooded  ;  and  this, 
together  with  the  exceflive  heat,  fo  inv 
prcgaates  the  earth  with,  vapours,  that  in 
many  provinces,  particularly  about  Popa- 
yan  and  Porto  Bello,  the  air  is  extremely 
uuvvholeli.)nie.  The  foil  of  this  country 
w  vory  diiVerent,  the  inland  parts  being 
very  rich  aad  fertile,  and  the  coafts  fandy 
and  barren.  It  is  impolhble  to  view  with- 
out admiration,  the  perpetual  verdure  of 
tiie  woods,  the  luxuriancy  of  the  plains, 
and  the  towering  height  of  the  mountain*. 
This  country  produces  corn,  t'ugar,  tobac- 
co, &c,  and  i'ruits  of  all  kinds.  This  part 
of  S.  America  \y3.s  di ['covered  by  Colurn- 
bui  in  his  third  voyage  to  America.  It 
\va3  fLibducd  and  fettled  by  the  Spaniards 
about  the  year  1514,  after  destroying, 
with  great  inhumanity,  feveral  millions  of 
Lhe  natives. 

^Tcrra  Flrr/ia  Proper^  or  Darlen.,  a  fubdi- 
■vifioii  of  Terra  Firma.  Chief  towns, 
Porto  Bello,  and  Panama.     See  Darlen. 

Ttvr.i  M i^ellan'ica.     See  Patu^onla. 

^erra  N,-fva,neiit  Iludfon's  Straits,  is  in 
lat.  6%  4  N,  and  loi>,  67  W,  high  water, 
at  full  and  change,  a  little  before  10 
o'chick. 

Tcrtitory  N.  IV.  of  ihe  Oh'w,  or  N.  Wejl- 
em  'Tcrrit-irv.  Ail  that  part  of  the  Unit- 
ed Stares  was  fo  called,  which  lies  bet  v/een 
,■"^7  and 50  N  lat.  and  between  8t  8  and  98 
o  W  Ion.  bounded  N  by  part  of  the  north- 
ern boundary  line  of  the  United  States  ; 
E  by  the  lakes  and  Pennfylvanui ;  S  by 
the  Ohia  river  ;  W  by  the  Millifippl  ; 
ertiniated  to  contain  263,040,0^0  acrc^j.of" 
which  43,040000  are  water.  This  por- 
tion of  the  United  States  is  now  divided 
into  the  Stat:  of  Obh,  the  Indiana  Tt;rritaryy 
and  IV.iync  county,  which  forms  a  feparate 
«li(trict  and  governmont.  See  thefe  fev- 
eral heads,  Tlie  N  v/eftern  part  of  the 
above  'I'erritory  lying  N  of  tlie  Illinois, 
and  between  the  lakes,  and  the  Miiliiippi, 
is  ftill  inhabited  by  Indians,  and  is  not  in- 
cluded iii  eitlier  of  the    iibove  diviuca;;;. 


In  fome  parts,  the  country  is  too  hilly  fcf 
cultivation,  and  in  fome  places  between 
the  Ohio  and  the  lakes,  the  land  is  fo  ilafe 
that  the  water  Hands  tdl  niidfummer. 
For  miles  the  ground  is  not  viilble,  yet 
the  waier  is  not  more  than  from  12  to  iS 
inches  deep. 

Tiffidon,  a  river  of  Upper  Canada 
which  falls  into  lake  Huron,  50  league* 
N  W  of  French  river,  in  lat.  46  12.  ai    N. 

Tefligos,  iilands,  near  the  coaft  of  New 
Andaluiia,  in  Terra  Firma,  on  the  S  coaft 
of  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Several  fmall  iil- 
ands at  the  E  end  of  the  ifland  of  Marga- 
rita lie  between  that  illand  and  thofe  call- 
ed Teftigos.     N   lat.  11  6,  V/  Ion.  6r  48. 

Ttleroct  Harbour^  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
ifland  'of  Uiietea,  one  of  the  Society  Ifl- 
and'. 

'Tcthuron^  an  illand  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  about  24  miles  from-  Point  Venus 
in  the  ifland  of  Otaheite.  S  lat.  17  4,  W 
Ion.  149  30. 

Ta-zeuco,  a  brackifh  lake  ra  Mexico. 
See  Mexico. 

Ti'iifianufbfofiggoghta,  an  Indian  village 
on  the  northern  bank  of  Alleghanv  river, 
in  Pennfylvauia,  5  miles  N  of  the  S  line 
of  the  State,  and  14  E  S  E  of  Chatough- 
qu«  Lake. 

Teivljhury,  the     Wa?nrJ]t,    or    Paivtuclctt 

of  theIndians,atownOiip  of  Mafiachufetls, 
Middlefex  co.  on  Concord  river,  near  its. 
jvmcftion  with  the  Merrimack  24  miles  N 
of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1734 
and  contains  944  inhabitants. 

'Teiv>tjln.ry,z.\.iyw>\^\v^  of  N.  Jerfey,  Hun- 
terdon co.  The  townfhips  of  Lebanon, 
Readington,  and  Tev.dcfbury,  contain- 
ed in  1790,  4370  inhabitants,  including 
268  flave-^. 

Thames.,  River,  in  Connecflicut,  is  form- 
ed by  the  union  of  Shetucket  and  Little, 
or  Norwich  rivers,  at  Norwich  Landing, 
to  which  place  it  is  navigable  forvelTel* 
of  confiderable  burden  ;  and  thus  far  the 
tide  flows.  From  this  place  the  Thames 
pui-fues  a  foutherly  courfe  14  miles,  pall- 
ing by  New  Ivondon  on  its  W  l>ank,  and 
empties  into  L.  Ifland  Sound  ;  forming  the 
line  harbour  of  New  London. 

Thiimcs  River,  U.  Canada,  formerly  call" 
ed  La  Tranche  or  Trenche,  and  by  the 
Indians  EjTexcutmyfcepe,  rifes  in  the  Chip- 
pawa  country,  and  running  S  W  waflies 
the  counties  of  (the  W  riding  of)  York, 
Norfolk,  Sufl'olk,  aud  Kent,  and  empties, 
itfelf  into  Lake  St.  Clair,  above  De  Troit  j 
it  is  a  river  of  confiderable  extent,  with- 
out fall^.  From  its  upper  branches  it 
c»mmumcate8 


THO 


THO 


communicates  by  fmall  portages  with 
Jake  Huron,  and  the  Grand  River  ;  the 
fcite  of  Oxford  is  on  its  Upper  Fork;  and 
that  intended  for  Dorchefler  on  its  middle 
J'ork  ;  London  on  the  Main  Fork ;  and 
Chatham  on  its  Lower  Pork.  It  is  a  fine 
inland  canal,  and  capable  of  being  highly 
improved.  The  lands  on  its  banks  are 
extremely  fertile.  Smyth. 

T^hatchers  IflanJ,  lies  about  a  mile  E  of 
the  S  E  point  of  Cape  Ann,  on  the  coafl: 
of  Mairachufetts,  and  forms  the  northern 
limit  of  MaiTachuIetts  Bay  ;  and  has  1 
light  houfes.  Cape  Ann  light  houfe  lies 
in  lat.  43  36  N,  and  Ion.  70  47  W. 

Thecikiki^  the  eaftern  head  water  of  Illi- 
nois river,  rifcs  about  8  miles  S  of  Fort 
St.  Jofeph.  After  running  through  rich 
and  level  lands,  about  112  miles,  it  re- 
ceives Plein  river  in  lat.  41  48  N,  and 
from  thence  the  confluent  ftream  aiTumes 
the  name  of  liilnols.  In  fome  maps,  it  is 
called  Huaklta. 

Thctfordy  a  towniliip  in  the  S  E  corner 
of  Orange  co.  Vermont,  on  the  W  bank 
of  Connecflicut  river,  about  10  miles  N 
of  Dartmouth  college,  and  contains  1478 
inhabitants. 

Thirty  milejlrcam.      See  L'l'vermor e. 

Thomases  Bay,  on  the  \V  coaft  of  th.e  ifl- 
and  of  Antigua.  It  aiTurds  Ibme  flieller 
from  the  S  and  S  E  winds. 

Thomas's  Creek,  a  ft.  earn  of  S.  Carolina, 
vhich  falls  into  the  Great  Pcdee,  i  mile 
from  Chatham. 

Thomas  Ifland,  St.  OV  the  Danes  IJland,  is 
the  largeft  and  moft  northerly  of  the  Vir- 
gin illands,  in  the  W.  Indies,  and  is  about 
9  miles  long  and  3  broad.  It  has  a  fandy 
foil  and  is  badly  watered,  but  enjoys  a 
confidcrable  trade,  efpeclally  in  time  of 
peace,  in  the  contraband  way  ;  and  priva- 
teers in  time  of  war  fell  their  prizes  here. 
A  large  battery  has  been  erected  for  its  de- 
fence, mounted  Avith  20  pieces  of  cannon, 
N  lat.  18  22,  W  Ion.  64  51.  It  has  a  fafe 
and  commodious  harbour,  and  lies  about 
30  miles  E  of  the  ifland  of  Porto  Ri- 
co. 

Thomas  If.and^  St.  on  the  W  coafl:  of  N. 
Mexico.     N  lat,  20  10,  W  Ion.  113  5. 

Thomas,  St.  a  town  of  Guiana,  iu  S.  A- 
merica,  on  the  banks  of  the  Oroonoko.  N 
lat.  75,  W  Ion.  62  36. 

Thomas,  Port  St.  a  harbour  in  the  bay 
of  Honduras,  on  the  Spaniili  Main  ;  from 
%vhich  goods  are  fliipped  to  Europe. 

Thomas,  St.  the  chief  town  of  New  An- 
dalufia,  or  Parie,  in  the  northern  divifion 
cf  Terra  Firm  a. 


Thomas,  St.  a  parlfla  of  Charlcrion  dif- 
trid;,  in  S.  Carolina. 

Thomafo-wn,  a  port  town  of  Maine, Lin- 
coln CO.  on  the  W  fide  of  Penobfcot  Bay, 
and  about  4  leagues  from  Franklin  Illand  , 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Geor'»e, 
which  divides  this  town  from  Warren 
and  Culbing.  A  confiderable  river  in 
the  S  E  part  of  the  townfltip  i,  called 
WefToweligceg.  From  the  hill  of  Mad- 
ambcttocks  may  be  feen  iflands  and  lands 
to  a  great  diftance  ;  and  near  it  there  is 
thought  to  be  plenty  of  iron  ore.  The 
grand  ftaplcs  of  Thomafrown  are  lime  and 
lumber.  Limeflone  is  very  common. 
There  are  now  about  2^5  k'his  erected, 
eachof  which, on  an  average,  will  produce 
200  fifty  gallon  caiks.  Too  much  atten- 
tion being  paid  to  this  bulinefs,  prevent* 
a  due  cultivation  of  the  lands.  There 
wereov/ned  in  i796on  the  river,  12  brigs, 
fchooners,  and  floops,  equal  to  about  uoo 
tons,  employed  in  foreign  and  coafting 
voyages.  On  the  river,  and  its  fcveral 
dreams,  arc  a  number  of  tide  and  other 
grift  and  faw  mills.  A  fort  with  a  num- 
ber of  cannon,  and  a  regular  garrifon  of 
provincials,  was  formerly  ftationed  alxnit 
5  miles  below  the  head  of  the  tide.  Few 
veftiges  of  the  fort  now  remain  ;  but  iu 
place  of  it  an  elegant  building  was  erected 
in  I794j  by  the  Hon.  Henry  Knox,  Ejq. 
The  fettlement  of  Thomaftown  began 
about  1720,  in  1777  it  was  incorporated, 
in  1790  it  contained  8oi  inhabitants, 
and  in  1800,  1397.  There  are  here  no 
public  fchools  conftantiy  kept,  though 
there  arc  fevcral  private  ones  throughout 
the  year.  There  are  two  churches,  one 
for  13apiifts,  the  other  lor  Cungrtoiition- 
alifts.  Here  is  alfo  a  fecial  library.  'Fae 
compaA  part  of  the  town  is  7  miles 
foutherly  of  Camden,  7  E  of  Warren,  39 
N  E  by  E  of  Wifcailet,  215  N  £  of  Bol- 
ton, and  702  from  Wafliington. 

Thome,  St.  or  Si.  Thomas,  a  plain  in  tlic 
centre  of  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  en  rhc 
S  hde  of  th-'  firfl  chain  of  the  mountains 
of  Chib^o.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  N  of 
that  oi  St.  John  of  Maguana.  'ihe  fort 
of  St.  Thomas  v/as  ere<Sted  here,  near  the 
head  of  the  Artibonite,  by  Chriftophcr 
Colum.bus  to  protect  the  mines  againft  the 
Indians.  There  is  now  no  veftlgc  of  the 
fort  remaining. 

Thonjons  IJlanJ,  lies  near  the  entrance; 
of  the  river  St.  Clair,  U.  Canada.  \t 
fcarcely  contains  200  acres  of  dry  land, 
fit  for  tillage,  but  a  great  many  avres  of 
mar  fa.  Smyth. 

Thar. Infant 


THU 


Tib 


Thompfony  a  tovvnfliipi  of  Windham  co. 
In  the  N  E  corner  of  Conaev?l:ic\it  ;  hav- 
ing the  town  of  Kiilingly  on  the  S,  the 
ftate  of  Rhode  Illand  E,  and  that  of  Maf- 
faehufctts  on  the  N  ;  from  which  laft  it 
receivcj  Qainnbaug  and  Five  mile  rivers. 
luhabitants  2341. 

Tho'f?forJho}-o\  a  town  in  Lincoln  county, 
Mr.inc,  late  the  V/  part  of  Bo»\'doin,  in- 
corporated 1798,    It  lias  776  inhabitants. 

"ThcrTTpjlns  Creth,  is  formed  by  feveral 
fmnll  fir  earns  which  rife  in  the  fouthern 
part  of  the  Miffifippi  Territory,  crofs  the 
S  line  of  the  United  States,  into  W.  Flor- 
ida, now  the  eaflern  divinoh  ot  Louiiizina, 
M'here  they  unite  and  purfue  a  S  E  courfe 
into  the  MiUlfippi  river.  Its  mouth  is 
cppofKe  Point  Coupee.  The  larnd  on  this 
Crce':  is  rcprcfented  as  very  valuable.  In 
1775,  Feter  Chefter,  Governor  of  Weft 
Florida,  granted  to  Capt.  John  Elfvvorth, 
a  traH:  of  land  in  the  forks  of  this  Creek, 
on  v/hich  in  1778,  he  built  a  fmali  hcufe. 
His  heirs  now  claim  this  land. 

Thr)p!can9.u  a  fmall  river  of  the  Indiana 
Territory,  wliich  runs  fouthward  to  Wa- 
halli  river,  into  which  it  enters  a  few 
mi'es  eaftward  of  Ouixtanon. 

Thornfjurg,  a  poft  town  in  Spotfylvanla 
CO.  Virginia,  74  miles  from   Walliington, 

Tbornfcriy  a  townfliip  of  N.  Himplhirc, 
Grafton  co.  at  the  head  of  Merrimack 
river,  which  contains  S2>S  inhabitants. 

TboroU  To'dunjhipy  in  Lincoln  co.  U. 
Canadi,  lies  S  of  Grantham  and  is  water- 
ed by  the  river  WclJand. 

Thiivljup;  Fort,  on  the  S  coa^  of  the 
ifland  of  Cape  Breton,  near  the  entrance 
of  the  Strait  of  Fronfao  or  Canfo,lies  bc- 
t\vee:i  the  gulf  called  Little  St.  Peter  and 
tlve  iflands  of  St.  Peter.  It  was  formerly 
c  illcd  Port  St.  Peter,  and  is  60  miles  W  of 
G.ibaron  bay. 

Thoufand  Jjh.r,  are  in  S*.  Lav/rcnco,  a 
little  N  of  Lake  Ontario. 

l^hnuf.ind  Lakes,  a  name  <;i.ven  to  a  great 
number  of  fmall  lakes  near  the  MiiTilippi, 
about  60  miles  above  St.  Anthony's  Falls. 
The  country  about  thefc  lakes,  though 
little  freqaented,  is  fine  hunting  grounds. 
Here  theJVIinifippi  is  not  above  yo  yards 
widv^. 

Three  Brothers,  3  iflands  within  the  riv- 
er E;Te»iiiibo  on  the  Ecoafi  of  S.  America. 

Three  Tftands  B.iy-,  or  Ilarlour,  oh  the  E 
coan  of  the  Illand  of  St,  Lucia,  W.  Indies. 

Three  Paints,  Cape, <il\l\\^  COaftof  Gujana, 
in  S.  America.  N  lat.  10  3S,  W  Icn.  61  57. 

Three  Rher'.  tu  Canada.     Sec  Tioi:  Ri- 


Toree  ^[Pers,  three  fmall  iiles  on  tlir  W 
fhore  of  Chefapeak  Bay,  which  lie  be- 
tween W  river  and  Parker's  lOand. 

Thru7n  Cup,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  a 
fmail  circular  ifle,  not  more  than  a  mile 
in  circumference,  7  leagues  N  b%^  W  from 
Lagoon  Ifland.  High  water,  at  full  and 
change,  between  11  and  iz  o'clock.  Slat. 
18  35,  W  Ion.  13948. 

Thule,  Southern,  an  ifland  in  the  S  At- 
lantic Ocean,  the  moft  foutherly  land  ever 
difcovercd  ;  hence  the  name.  S  lat.  59 
35,  W  Ion.  27  45. 

Tfrnrlaiv  ToTvnJhip,  Haftings  CO.  U.  Can- 
ada, lies  near  the  head  of  the  bay  of  Quiu- 
te,  and  E  of  Sidney. 

Thurman,  a  towufliip  in  Wafliington  co. 
N.  York  ;  taken  from  Queenfburg,  and 
iiicorpoialed  in  1792. 

Thunder  Bay,  on  the  N  fliore  cf  Lake 
.Superior,  U.  Canada,  oppofite  the  E  end  of 
lue  de  Minatte.  Tiiere  is  a  remarkable 
high  mountain  at  its  eaflernmoft  cape. 

Thuhdc'r  Bay,  in  lake  Huron,  lies  about 
half  way  between  Sagana  Bay  and  the  N 
W  corner  of  the  lake.  It  is  about  9  miles 
acrofs  either  way  ;  and  is  thus  called  from 
the  thunder  frequently  heard  there. 

Tilbury  To'-jo:ijh'ip,  in  the  weftern  d'flricTt 
of  U.  Canada,  is  iltuatcd  upon  lake  St. 
Clair,  W  of  Raleigh,  where  the  Thame* 
empties  itfe'f  into  that  lake. 

Tia'naderha  River.      See  Unad'dh  R'ver. 

Tico^i'y  an  ancient  Indian  tov/n,  about 
150  miles  up  the  Sufquehannah  river. 

Tiber,  or  Gorfe  Creek,  a. fmall  ftreani 
which  runs  foutherly  through  the  city  of 
Waflilngton,  and  empties  into  Patowmac 
river.  Its  fource  is  1^,6  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  tide  in  the  creek  ;  the  waters 
of  which  and  thofe  of  Reedy  Branch  may 
be  conveyed  to  the  Prefident's  houfe,  and 
to  the  capito!.  The  contemplated  Dry 
Dock,  was  to  have  been  credled  on  this. 
Creek. 

Tibernrr,  Crpe^  a  round  black  rock  on  the 
S  W  prirt  of  the  fouthern  peniufu.Ia  of  the 
idand  cf  St.  Domjngo,  and  forms  the  N  W 
limit  of  the  bay  of  Ti heron. 

Tiiier'in, cr:  Tburort, ?ihzy  and  village  on 
the  S  W  part  cf  the  ifland  of  St.  Domingo. 
Tlie  bay  is  formed  by  the  cape  of  its  name 
on  the  N  W,  and  Point  Burgau  on  the  S 
E,  a  league  and  three  fourths  apart.  I'he 
ftream,  called  a  rivof ,  falls  in  at  the  head 
of  the  bay,  on  the  weflern  fide  of  the  vil- 
lage, which  ftands  on  tire  higii  road,  and, 
according  to  its  courfe  along  the  fea  fiiore, 
10  leagues  S  of  Cape  Dame  iMirie,  20 
from  Jcremie,  and  .3 3  by  the  winding  of 

the 


TIK 


TIE 


the  road  frcixi  Lcs  Cayes.  The  cape  is  in 
lilt.  i8  20  30  N,  and  iu  Ion.  76  5a  40  W. 
The  exports  from  Cape  Tiberon,  from 
Jan.  I,  1789,  to  Dec.  ?i,  of  the  fame  year, 
looolbs.  white  fugar,  377,8oolb3.  brown 
fusrar,  6oo,co2,lbs.  coffee,  13,67 albs,  cot- 
ton, loSulbs.  indigo,  and  fmall  nr tides  to 
a  conIideral)le  amouut.  Total  value  of 
duties  on  exportation,  ^465  dollars  76 
cents. 

Tiberon,  a  fort,  near  the  town  or  village 
abovementloned;  taken  by  the  French, 
tl;e  aift  March,  1795. 

Tir.hfclcf,  a  town  on  the  bay  of  Antonio, 
on  the  N  E  part  of  Jamaica  I.  Sec  Fort 
Antonio. 

Tickle  Harbour,  on  the  E  coafl:  of  New- 
foundland, 15  leagues  from  Bonaventura 
Port. 

Ticlh  Me  QmcUji,  a  name  given  by  Erit- 
i(h  fcamen  to  a  fine,  little,  fanJy  bay  of 
7^erra  Flrrna,  on  the  lOhmusof  Darien,  at 
the  N  W  end  of  a  reef  of  rocks,  having 
good  anchorage  and  fafe  landing.  The 
extremiiy  of  the  rocks  on  one  hde,  and 
the  Sambailas  Llands  (the  range  of  which 
begins  from  hence)  on  the  other  fide, 
guard  it  f.'om  the  fea,  andfo  form  a  very 
good  harbour.  It  is  much  frequented  by 
privHteers. 

T'<.>:o;ii.'r-oga,  In  the  State  of  N.  York, 
bui!t  t;y  the  Frenc!i  in  tlie  year  1756,  on 
theN  fids  of  a  peninfula  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  waters  inidlng  from  I>ake 
George  into  Lake  Champlain.  It  is  nov/ 
a  heap  of  ruins,  and  forms  an  appendage 
to  a  farm.  Its  name  fsgnllies  Nolfy,  in  the 
Indian  language,  and  wss  called  by  the 
French,  CorillGr.  Mount  Independence  in 
Addiion  co.  Vermont,  is  about  'Z  miles  S  E 
of  it,  and  feparated  from  it  by  the  narrow 
flrait  which  conveys  the  waters  of  I^ake 
George  and  South  river  into  I^ake  Cham- 
plain.  It  had  all  the  advantages  that  art 
or  nature  could  give  it,  being  defended  on 
3  fides  by  water  furrounded  by  vocks,  and 
on  half  of  the  fourth  by  a  fwamp,  and 
v/here  that  fails,  the  French  erected  a 
breaft  v/ork  9  feet  higii.  This  was  the 
firfl  fortrefs  attacked  by  the  Americans 
during  the  revolutionary  war.  The  troops 
under  Gen.  Abercrombie  were  defeated 
herein  the  year  1758,  but  it  was  taken 
the  year  following  by  Gen.  Amhcrfl.  It 
was  furprifed  by  Cols.  Allen  and  Arnold, 
May  10,  1775,  and  was  retaken  by  Gen. 
Burgoyne  in  July,  1777. 

T/erra  Aujlral  del  Efp'ritu  SjntOy  called 
by  Bougainville,  The  ArcJjipelaaro  of  the 
Crtat  Cyclades^  and   by  Capt.   Cook,    Tfje 


j^eiv  luhrhhs,  may  be  confidered  rs  the 
eaftern  extremity  of  the  vaft  Archipelago 
of  Ne%v  Guinea.  Thcfe  ifiands  are  fituated 
between  the  latitudes  of  14  29  and  20  40 
S,  and  between  169  41  and  17021  E  Ion. 
from  Greenwich,  and  confifi  of  the  tollovv-- 
ing  ifiands,  fornc  of  which  have  received 
names  from  the  dilTeient  European  navi- 
gators, and  others  retain  the  names  which 
they  bear  among  the  natives  ;  viz.  Ticrra 
Auflral  del  Efpiritu  Santo,  St.  Earihido- 
niew,  Mallicollo,  Pic  de  I'Etoile,  Aurora, 
lile  of  I.cpers,  Vvhitfuntide,  Ainbr\m, 
Paoon,  Shepherds  IHe?,  Sandwich,  Erro- 
maugo,  Immer,  Tanna,  Erronan,  Arra- 
tom,  Apee,  Three  Hills,  Montagu,  Hinch- 
inbrook, and  Erromanga.  Quiros,who  f.ill: 
difcovered  thefeiHands,  in  i6o65defcribe& 
them,  as  "  richer  and  more  fertile  than 
Spain,  and  as  populous  as  they  are  fertile  ; 
watered  with  fine  rivers,  and  producing 
filver,  pearls,  nutmegs,  mace,  pepper,  giu- 
Uer,  ebony  of  the  firfl  quality,  Avood  for 
the  conftrudlion  of  veflels,  and  plan's 
which  ni'ght  be  fabricated  into  fail  cloth 
and  cordages,  one  fort  of  which  is  net  i:n- 
hke  the  hemp  of  Europe."  The  inhal)i!- 
ants  of  thefe  ifiands,  he  defcribes,  as  cf 
feveral  diiTerent  races  of  men  ;  black, 
v/hlte,  mulatto,  tawny,  and  copper  col- 
oured; a  proof,  he  fuppofes,  of  their  ::> 
teicourfe  with  various  people.  They  ufe 
no  fire  arms,  are  employed  in  no  mines, 
nor  have  they  any  of  thofe  means  of  dc- 
Hruvflion  which  the  genius  of  Europe  has 
invented.  Induftry  and  policy  feem  to 
have  made  but  little  progrefs  among  them  ; 
they  build  neither  tov/ns  nor  fortrefies  ; 
acknowledge  neither  king  nor  laws,  .-".nd 
are  divided  only  into  tribes,  among  which' 
tiiere  docs  not  always  fubiifl  a  perfect  har- 
mony. Their  arms  are  the  bow  and  ar- 
rov,-5,  the  fpear  and  the  dart,  ail  made 
of  wood.  Their  only  covering  is  a 
garment  round  the  waiO:,  which  reaches 
to  the  middle  of  the  thigh.  They  are 
cleanly,  of  a  lively  and  grateful  difpdfi- 
tion,  capable  of  friendfliip  ami  inflruclion. 
Their  houfes  are  of  wood,  covered  with 
palm  leaves.  They  have  places  of  wor- 
fl.ip  and  buriaJ  They  work  in  flone,  and 
poll fli  marble,  of  which  there  are  many 
quarries.  They  make  fiutes,  drums,  wood- 
en fpoons,  and  from  the  mother  of  pearl, 
form  chiiTels,  fcifibrs,  knive*.  hooks,  faws, 
hatchets,  and  fmall  round  plates  for  neck- 
laces. Their  canof-s  are  well  built  and 
neatly  finiflied.  liogs,  goats,  cows,  bufTa- 
loss,  and  various  fowls  and  fiih  for  food 
are  found  in  abundance  On  z.n<\  about 

thefe 


IN 


YIF 


tliefe  jQandg.  Added  to  all  thefe  and  many 

-other  excellencies,  tliefe  iflaiids  are  reprc- 
Xented  as  having  a  remarkably  falubrious 
air,  which  is  evinced  by  rhc  healthy  robufl 
'  appearance  of  the  inhabitants,  who  live 
tq  a  great  age,  and  yet  have  no  other  bed 
than  the  earth.  Such  is  the  defcription 
which  Ouiros  gives  of  thefe  ifiands  in  and 
about  which  he  fpent  fome  months,  and 
which  he  reprefents  to  tlie  king  of  Spain, 
as  "  the  moil  delicious  country  in  the 
world  ;  the  girden  of  Eden,  the  inexhauf- 
tible  fource  u:  glory,  riches  and  power  to 
Spain."  On  the  N  fide  of  the  largell:  of 
thefe  iHands,  called  Efpiritu  Santo,  is  al)ay, 
called  San  Felipe  and  Zani  Tago,  which,  fays 
^uiros,  "  penetrates  20  leagues  into  the 
country  ;  the  inner  part  is  all  fafe,  and 
in?-Y  be  entered  with  fecurity,  by  night  as 
v.'ell  as  by  day.  On  every  fide,  in  its  vi- 
cinity, many  villages  may  be  diflinguiflaed, 
and  if  we  may  judge  by  the  fmoke  which 
rifes  by  day,  and  the  fires  that  are  feen  by 
night,  th^re  are  many  more  in  the  interior 
parts."  The  harbour  in  this  bay,  was 
named  by  Ouiros,  La  Vera  Crur,  and  is  a 
part  of  this  bay,  and  large  enough  to  ad- 
m-t  looo  vefcls.  The  anchorage  is  on  an 
excellent  bottom  of  black  fand,  in  water 
cf  different  depths,  from  6  to  40  fathoms, 
between  a  fine  rivers. 

T/':^nares,  the  chief  town  of  the  captain- 
fliip  of  Rio  Grande  in  Brazil. 

T"!mm'ifKamain  Lake,  in  L.  Canada,  is 
about  30  miles  long  and  10  broad,  having 
feveral  fmall  iOands.  Its  waters  empty 
into  Utawas  river,  by  a  fliort  and  narrow 
channei,  30  miles  N  of  the  N  par-t  of  Nc- 
pifllnj  lake.  Indians  named  Timmifca- 
•naings  reSde  round  this  lake. 

Tmicum,  two  townlTiips  of  Pcnnfylra- 
nia  ;  the  one  in  Buck's  co.  the  other  in 
that  of  Delaware.  The  former  lias  947, 
and  the  latter  272  inhabitants. 

Tinker  3  If  and, one  of  the  Elizabeth  Ifi- 
ands, on  the  coaft  of  Maifachufctts,  off 
Buzzard's  B  ly,  8  miles  from  the  main 
f;'nd  of  BarnfiaWe  co.  It  is  the  fecond 
in  rragnltude,  and  the  middle  one  of  the 
3  largeft.  It  is  about  3  miles  long  from  N 
io  S,  and  about  a  mile  and  a  half  broad 
from  E  to  W  ;  and  between  this  and 
Kafliawn  Tfland  is  a  channel  for  floopn  and 
Imall  veiTels,  as  there  is  alfo  between  it 
aadSlocum's  iHind,  about  a  mile  farther 
to  the  wcflward. 

'Ti  nine  nth,  a  townlliip  of  Nova  Scotia  on 
the  taftern  coaff.  It  \vas  formerly  called 
Pit!iou,  and  lies  about  40  miles  from  Tru- 
f©.     Sec  Piihu. 


'Tlnmoi:ihy  a  port  town  of  Vermont,  Rut- 
land co.  and  contains  973  inhabitants. 

Tivfignal,  a  rich  lilvcr  mine  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Ccfla  Rica  ;  which  fee. 

Tlnta,  a  jurifdiclion  in  the  empire  of 
Peru  ;  Avherein  is  the  famous  fdver  mine 
called  Condonoma.     See  Caucus. 

Tintamare^dL  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  which 
is  navigable  3  or  4  miles  up  for  fraall  vef- 
felj.  , 

Tinto,  a  river  of  Terra  Firma,  30  leagues 
E  of  Cape  Honduras. 

Tioga  Point,  or  Cape,  on  the  W  coafl:  of 
N.  Mexico,  is  a  rough  head  land,  8  leagues 
from  the  valley  of  Colima. 

Tioga,  a  towniliip  of  Pennfylvania,  in 
Luzerne  co.  having  560  inhabitants. 

Tioga,  a  CO.  of  N.  York,  bounded  E  by 
Otfego,  W  by  Ontario,  N  by  Onondago, 
and  S  by  the  State  of  Pennfylvania.  It 
contains  7406  iidiabifcants.  The  courts 
are  held  alternately,  at  Chenengo,  and 
Newtown  Point,  in  the  town  of  Chemung. 
Some  curious  bones  have  been  dug  up  in 
this  county.  About  11  miles  from  Tiogi 
Point,  the  bone  or  horn  of  an  animal  w-is 
found,  6  feet  9  inches  long  ;  21  inches 
round,  at  the  long  end,  and  15  inches  at 
the  fmal!  end.  It  is  incur vated  nearly  to 
anarch  of  a  large  circle.  By  the  prefent 
ftate  of  both  the  ends,  much  of  it  mull 
have  perillied  ;  probably  a  or  3  feet  from 
each  end. 

Tioga  Pointy  the  point  of  land  formed  br 
the  confluence  of  Tioga  river  with  the  E 
branch  of  Sufquehannah  river.  It  is  about 
5I  miles  foutherly  from  the  line  which  di- 
vides N.  York  from  Pennfylvania,  and  is 
about  150  miles  N  by  W  of  Philadelphia. 
The  town  of  Athens  ftands  on  this  point 
of  land. 

Tioga  River,  a  branch  of  the  Sufque- 
hannah, which  rifes  in  the  Alleghany 
mountains  in  about  lat.  42,  and  running 
eaflwardly,  empties  into  the  Sufquehan- 
nah at  Tioga  Point,  in  lat.  41  57.  It  is 
navigable  for  boats  about  j;o  miles.  There 
is  faid  to  be  a  pracflicable  communi- 
cation between  the  fouthcrn  branch  of 
the  Tioga,  and  a  branch  of  the  A.llegha- 
ghany,  the  head  waters  of  which  are  near 
each  other.  The  Seneca  Indians  fay  they 
can  walk  4  times  in  a  day,  from  the  boat- 
able  waters  of  the  Alleghany,  to  thofe  of 
the  Tioga,  at  the  place  now  mentioned. 

Tioitghnioga  River.      See  Chenengo  River, 

Tioohca,  an  illand  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
one  of  thofe  called  George's  Ifland*.  S 
lat.  14  27,  W  Ion.  144  56. 

Ti^uanys  River,     See  Tarija, 

Tijhury^ 


TIT 


TO  A 


ftjbury^  a  fmall  firiiing  town  on  the  N 
fide  of  the  iflaBd  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  3 
miles  from  Chilmark, and  97  from  Bofton. 
The  townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1671, 
and  contains  1092  inhabitants.  It  is  in 
Duke's  CO.  MaliachuiettSjand  in  1796  the 
eaf^crly  part  was  incorporated  into  a  fep- 
arate  precindt. 

T'fian.d.  village  of  Ouenca,  and  depart- 
ineat  of  Alanfis,  in  Quito,  in  S.  Americn, 
which  was  entirely  utftroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake, but  the  inhabitants  elcaped,  and 
removed  to  a  fafer  fituatlon.  The  marks 
of  this  dreadful  convulfiou  of  nature  are 
(till  vifible. 

Titlcaca^  an  ifland  of  S.  America,  in  the 
S.  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  coaft  of  Peru. 

Tifuacoy  or  ChucuJto,  a  lake  of  Charcas, 
in  Peru  ;  and  is  the  brg;ft  of  all  the  known 
lakes  in  S.  America.    It  is  of  an  ova!  iigwrt:^ 
with    an  inclination    from    N  W  to  S  E, 
and  about    80  l.engues  in  circuit.     The 
water  is,  in  fome  parts,  70  or  80  fathoms 
deep.     Ten   or   twelve    large,    belide    a 
greater  number  of  fmallcr  flreams  fall  in- 
to it.     The  water  of   this    lake,  thou^;h  j 
neither  fait  nor  brackilli,  is  muddy,  and  | 
has  fomething  fo  naufeous  in  its   tafte,  as 
not  to  be  drank.     On  an  iflc  in  this  lake, 
Mungo  CaiTac,  the  founder  of  the  Peru- 
vian monarchy,  reported   that  the  Sun, 
his  father,  had  placed  him  with  OcUo  ins 
confott  and  filler.     Here  was  a   temple 
dedicatefl  to  the  Sun,  fplendid  with  plates 
of  gold  and   filver.     The  Indians,  on  fee- 
ing the  violent  rapacity  of  the  Spaniards, 
are  thought  to  have  thrown  the  immenfe 
collection  of  riches  in    the  temple,  into 
this  lake.     But  thefe  valuable  elledts  were 
thrown  into  another   lake,  in  the  valley 
of  Orcos,  6  leagues  S  of  Cufco,  in  water 
23  or  24  fathonvi  deep.     Towards  the  S 
part  of  Titicaca  Lake,  the  banks  approach 
one  another,  fo  as  to  form  a  kind  of  bay, 
terminating  in  a  river,  called  E!  Deiagua- 
dcro,  or  the  drain  ;  and  afterwards  forms 
the  Lake  of  Paria,  which   has  no   vili- 
ble   outlet.      Over    the    river    El   Defa- 
guadero  fti  11  remains  the  bridge  of  ruilies, 
invented  by  Capac  Yupanqui,  the  fitth 
tnca,    for  tranfporting  his    army   to  the 
other  fide,  in  order  to  conquer  the  prov- 
inces af  Collafuyo,     The   Defaguadero  is 
here  between  80  and  100  yards  in  breadth, 
flowing  with  a  very  impetuous    current, 
under  a  fmooth,and,  as   it  were,  fleeping 
furface.     The  Inca,  to  overcome  this  dif- 
ficulty, ordered  4  very  large  cables  to  he 
made  of  a  kind  of  grafs,  which  covers  the 
tofry  heaths  and  mouotaiu*  of  that  ceun- 


trr,  and  by  the  Indians  called  Ichu  :  fo 
that  thefe  cables  were  the  foundation  of 
the  whole  ftru6ture.  Two  of  thefe  being 
laid  acrofs  the  water,  f  ifcines  of  dry  ju- 
ncira,  and  totora,  two  fpccies  of  ruflies, 
were  faftencd  together,  and  laid  acrofs 
the  cables.  On  tais  again  the  two  ocher 
cables  were  laid,  and  covered  with  iimilar 
fafcines  fccurtiy  fattened  on,  but  of  a 
fmallcr  fize  than  the  firfl,  and  arranged  fo 
as  to  form  a  level  furface.  And  by  this 
means  the  inca  procured  a  fafe  palTage  for 
his  army.  This  bridge  of  ruflies,  whicli 
is  about  five  yards  broa*:',  and  one  yard, 
and  a  half  above  the  furface  of  the  water, 
is  carefully  repaired,  or  rebuilt,  every  fix 
months  by  theueighbouriiig  provinces,  Iii 
purfu'incc  of  a  law  made  by  th^t  Inca  ; 
and  iiace  often  confirmed  by  the  kings  of 
Spain,  on  account  of  its  vaft  ufe,  it  being 
the  channel  of  inttrcourfe  Ixtween  thoie 
provinces  on  each  fide  the  Defaguadero. 

Tiverton,  a  townfliip  of  Rhode  Ifland, 
Newport  CO.  hiving  Maflachufetts  on  the 
N  and  E,  and  Little  Compton  townfiilp 
on  the  S.  It  contains  2717  inhabitants^ 
It  is  iii>out  13  miles  N  N  E  of  Newport. 

Tizun,  A  river  in  the  S  W  part  of  2T. 
America,  600  miles  from  New  Spain.  la 
a  journey  made  thus  far,  in  1606,  the 
Spaniards  found  fome  large  edifices,  and 
met  with  fome  Indians  who  fpoke  the 
Mexicaji  language,  and  who  told  ihem, 
that  a  few  days  journey  from  that  river 
towards  the  N  was  the  kingdom  of  *rolan, 
and  many  other  inhabited  places  whence 
the  Mei;:can3  migrated.  It  is,  indeed, 
confirmed  by  Mr.  Stewart,  in  his  late  trav- 
els, that  there  are  civilized  Indians  in  the 
interior  parts  of  America.  Beyond  the 
\  Miffouri,  he  met  with  powerful  nations 
who  were  courteous  and  hofpi table,  and 
appeared  to  be  a  polifaed  and  civilized 
people,  having  regularly  built  towns,  and 
enjoying  a  Hate  of  fociety  not  far  removed 
from  the  European  ;  and  indeed  to  be 
perfedlly  equal  wanted  only  iron  and  fteeL 

Tluf^ula,  or  Lqs  Angelas,  a  province  of 
New  Spain.     See  Angeles. 

Toa,  one  of  the  two  rivers,  Bajamond 
being  the  other,  which  empty  into  the 
harbour  of  Porto  Rico,  in  the  ifiand  of 
that  name  in  the  W.  Indies* 

Toahoutu,  one  of  the  two  fmall  idands  to 
the  N  eaftward  of  the  S  end  of  Otaha  111- 
and,  one  of  the  Society  Illands,  in  the  S. 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Toamcriftng,  two  townfliips  of  Pennfyl- 
vania  ;  the  one  in  Montgomery  co.  the 
other  i«  Uut  of  Narihamptou, 


TOL 


T  O  U 


Toitijro,  an  ifland  in  the  W.rndfcs.whlcL, 
whttn  In  the  hands  of  the  Dutch,  was  call- 
ed Ne-7.v  Ktlcbi-rsn,  is  aI>out  lo  leagues  to 
the  N  of  Triuidaij,  and  40  Sof  Barbadoes. 
Itg  lengrti  is  about  32  miles,  but  its 
breadth  only  about  12,  and  its  circumfer- 
ence about  80  niiies.  The  climate  is  not 
£t»  hoc  as  might  be  expedled  fo  near  the 
equator  ;  and  it  is  faid  that  it  lies  out  of 
the  courfe  of  thofc  hurricanes  that  have 
jTometinies  proved  fo  fatal  to  the  other 
W.  India  iliands.  It  has  a  fruitful  Icil, 
capable  of  producing  lugar,  and  indeed 
every  thing  elfe  that  is  raifcd  in  the  W. 
India  iilands,  with  the  addition  (if  we 
raay  beh'eve  the  Dutch)  of  the  cinna- 
mon, nutmeg,  and  gum  copal.  It  is  well 
watered  with  numerous  f^rin^s  ;  and 
its  bays  and  rivers  are  fo  diipofed  as 
to  be  very  commodious  for  ail  kinds  of 
fliippin^.  The  value  and  importance  of 
this  iOand,  appears  from  the  extenfive  and 
formidable  armaments  fcnc  thither  in 
fupport  of  their  different  claims.  It  feems 
to  have  been  chiefly  polTefTed  by  the 
Dutch,  who  defended  their  pretenfions 
a^ainfl:  both  England  and  France,  with 
the  moft  obllinate  pcrfeverauce.  By  the 
treaty  of  Aix  la  Chapel'c,  in  1748,  it  was 
declared  neutral  ;  though  by  the  treaty 
of  1763,  it  was  yielded  up  to  G.  Britain  ; 
but  in  June,  1 781,  it  was  taken  by  the 
French,  and  ceded  to  them  by  the  treaty 
of  1783  ;  and  captured  by  the  Britiih  in 
179,^.     N  lat.  II  16,  W  Ion.  60  20. 

Tohngo  IJJand,  Little,  near  the  N  E  ex- 
tremity of  the  above  iilaud.  It  is  about 
1  miles  long,  and  i  broad. 

Tohys  Creel:,  an  eaftern  branch  of  Alle- 
ghany river  in  Pennfylvania  :  its  foutheru 
head  water  is  called  Little  Toby's  Creek. 
It  runs  about  S5  miles  in  a  W  S  W  and  W 
courfe,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  about 
ao  miles  below  Fort  Franklin.  It  i«  deep 
enough  for  batteaux  fo;  a  confiderable 
way  up,  thence  by  a  fhort  portage  to  the 
W  branch  of  Sulquehannah,  by  which  a 
communication  is  formed  l)etween  Ohio, 
and  the  eaftern  parts  of  Pennfylvania. 

tccayma,  a  city  of  Terra  Firma,  and  in 
N.  Granada. 

TogcfahaUlee.  Creek,  a  Water  of  Oakmul- 
gee  river,  in  Georgia. 

Tolland,  a  county  of  Gonne<Slicut,  bound- 
ed N  by  the  State  of  Maffachufctts,  S  by 
New  London  co.  E  by  Windham,  and  W 
by  Hartford  co.  It  is  fubdivided  into  9 
tOwn{liipSjandcontainsi4,3i9  inhabitants. 
A  great  proportion  of  the  county  is  hilly, 
but  the  foil  is  generally  ftronj  ai?d  good 
ioz  grazing. 


Tolland,  the  chief  town  of  the  abovtj 
county,  was  incorporated  In  17151  and  is 
about  x8  miles  N  E  of  Hartford.  It  has 
a  congregational  church,  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  z.0  or  30  houfes,  compactly  buik, 
in  the  centre  of  the  town,  aud  contain* 
1638  inhabitants. 

Tolu,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  Amer- 
ica, with  a  harbour  on  a  bay  of  the  N.  Sea. 
The  famous  ballam  of  the  fame  name 
comes  from  this  place  ;  114  miles  S  W  of 
Carthagena.      N  lat.  9  '^^6,  W  Ion.  75  as. 

Tomaco,  a  large  river  of  Popayaa,  and 
Terra  Firma,  S.  America,  about  9  miles  N 
E  of  Galla  lile.  About  a  league  and  a 
half  within  the  river  is  an  Indian  towis 
of  the  fame  name,  and  but  fmall,  the  in- 
habiti.nts  of  which  ccnunonly  fupply  f'viall 
vefiels  with  provilions,  when  they  put  in 
here  for  refrelliment. 

Tomahaivk  IJland,  on  the  E  coafl  of  Pat- 
agonia, 24  miles  N  E  of  Seal's  Eay. 

Towba  Rinjcr,  on  the  ccafl  of  Peru,  is 
between  the  port  of  Hilo  and  the  river 
of  Xuly  or  Chuly.  There  is  anchorage 
againft  this  river  in  20  fathoms,  and  cle.m 
ground.      Lat.  17  50  S. 

Totnb'ighee  Ri'oer,  is  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween tiie  Creeks  and  Cha6la\vs.  Above 
the  jundbion  of  Alabama  and  Mobile  riv- 
ers, the  latter  is  called  tlie  Tombigbee  riv- 
er, from  the  fort  of  Tombigbee,  on  the 
W  fide  of  it,  about  96  miles  above  the 
town  of  ivlobile.  The  fource  of  this  riv- 
er is  reckoned  to  be  40  leagues  higher  up, 
in  the  country  of  the  Chickafaws.  The 
fort  of  Tombigbee  was  captured  by  the 
Britifli,but  abandoned  by  them  in  1767. 
The  river  is  navigable  for  llcops  and 
fchooners  about  35  leagues  above  the 
town  of  Mobile  :  130  American  families 
are  fettled  on  this  river,  that  have  been 
Spanifii  fubjecls  fincc  1783. 

Tomcf'jhi  Lake,  in  Hatley  townfliip,  t*. 
Canada,  gives  rife  to  a  fouthcrn  branch 
of  St.  Francis  river. 

Tcmw.a,  a  jurifdidion  in  the  archbifiiop- 
ric  of  La  Plata  in  Peru.  It  begins  about 
1 8  leagues  S  E  from  the  city  of  Plata ;  on 
it5  eaiterxi  confines  dwell  a  nation  of  wild 
Indians,  called  Chiriguanos.  It  abounds 
with  wine,  fugar  and  cattle. 

Tvwijcanhig,?.  lake of  N.  A..m erica, which 
fends  its  waters  S  E  through  Ottav^^as  riv- 
er, into  Lake  St.  Francis  in  St.  Lawrence 
river.  The  line  which  feparates  Upper 
from  Lower  Canada,  runs  up  to  this  lake 
a  line  drawn  due  N  until  it  ftrikes  the 
boundary  line  of  Hudfon's  Say. 

TompfuntQwn.  a  vjUage  of  Perjifylvania, 
M.fiiia 


T  O  N 


T  O  R 


Mifflin  CO.  containing  about  a  dozen  houf- 
es,  -22  miles  from  Lewiftown. 

Tom's  Creeky  in  N.  Jerfey,  Ceparates  the 
towns  of  Dover  and  Shrewfbury. 

Tonagayon  Bay,  on  Lake  Ontario,  U. 
Canada,  oppofite  the  E  end  of  Amherft 
Ifland,  lies  between  Kingfton  and  Erncfl: 
Town. 

Tondelo,  a  river  at  the  bottom  of  the 
Gulf  of  Campeachy,  in  the  S  W  part  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  1$  miles  W  of  St. 
Annes,  and  34  E  of  Gaufikwalp.  It  ia 
navigable  for  barges  and  other  vefTcls  of 
from  50  to  60  tons.  , 

Tonewanto,  the  name  t)f  a  creek  and  In- 
dian town,  in  the  N  W  part  cf  N.  York. 
The  creek  runs  a  wtftward  courfe,  and 
enters  Niagara  River  oppofite  Grand  Ifl- 
and, §  rniics  N  of  Fort  Erie.  It  runs 
about  40  miles,  and  is  tiavigable  28  miles 
from  its  mouth.  The  town  (lands  on  its 
S  fide,  1 8  miles  from  Niagara  River.  Alfo 
the  Indian  name  of  Filhing  Baj',  on  Lake 
Ontario. 

Tingataioo,  one  of  the  Friendly  Ifiands^ 
ia  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, about  60  miles  in  ; 
circuit,  but  rather  oblong,  and  wideft  at  ; 
the  E  end.  It  has  a  rocky  coaft,  except  i 
Jo  the  N  fide,  which  is  full  of  flioals  aud 
iilands,  and  the  fhore  is  low  and  fandy. 
It  furniilies  the  beft  harbour  or  anchor- 
age to  be  found  in  thefe  iflands.  The 
ifland  is  all  laid  out  in  plantations,  be- 
tween which  are  roads  and  lanes  for 
travelling,  drawn  in  a  very  judicious 
manner  for  opening  an  eafv  conununica- 
tion  from  one  part  to  another.  The  in- 
habitants are  lefs  v/arlike  than  favages  in 
general,  miid  and  gentle  ia  their  raau- 
ners.  They  cut  off  two  joints  of  the  lit- 
tle linger  at  the  iofs  of  a  near  relation, 
'i  hey  o^Tcr  human  facrliices  to  their  dci- 
i-jes.  The  Millionary  Society  of  London 
have  fent  the  gofpel  to  thefe  poor  pa-  i 
gans,  but  the  iuccefs  has  not  equalled 
their  willies.  The  gofpel  ill  accords  with 
their  lufls,  too  long  indulged  to  be  eafily 
reftrained.  S  lat.  ai  9,  W  long,  174  46. 
Variation  of  the  needle,  iii  I777i  was  9 

T'j.Tianta  Creek,  rm\%  into  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  in  the  towiifliip  of  Yonge,  U. 
Canada.  j 

Tfinicasl      See  Coulee  Pohit.      ,,  | 

.  Tonii,  an  ifland  at  the  mauth  of  Lake  ' 
D'lJrfc,  at  the  eafcern  extrcriiity  of  Lake  ; 
Ontario,  is  wichin  the  Britifu  territories  ;  i 
i  1  miles  N  E  of  Point  au  Guelans,  and  j 
J  J  weft  tif  Grand  Ifund,  haviag  feveral  i 
illes  between  it  and  the  latter.  ' 

Vd-c.  I.  G  « g  2  ' 


Tuntif  or  Toniy,  a  river  which  empties 
through  the  N  fliore  of  Lake  Erie  ;  2Z 
miles  W  by  N  of  Riviere  a  Ja  Barbue. 

Tonforaly  Caps^  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  in 
S.  America,  i  j  leagues  to  the  N  of  Guaf- 
ca,  and  in  lat.  17  30  S. 
.  Toulanai,  one  of  thfe  Society  Iflands  ia 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  not  more  than  5  or 
6  miles  acrofs  in  any  part.  S  lat.  23  25, 
W  long.  149  23. 

Toofoa,  one  of  the  Friendly  Iflcs.  It  is 
covered  with  foreft.i,  4  leagues  in  circum- 
ference, mountainous,  and  uninhabited. 
It  lies  near  Kao. 

Teofchcondolcb,  an  Indian  village  on  the  N 
W  coaft  of  America,  of  coafiderable  im- 
portance in  the  fur-trade  ;  fituated  oa  a 
\xnxiX.  of  land  between  t\vo  deep  founds. 
N  lat.  s?)'^t  W  long.  131  30. 

Tontooch ,  a  fmall  iow  ifland  in  Nootka 
Sound,  on  the  N  W  coall:  of  America,  on 
the  cdflcrn  fide  of  which  is  a  coufidera!)lc 
Indian  village  ;  the  inhabitants  of  which 
wear  a  garment  apparently  compofcd  of 
wool  and  hair,  moftly  white,  wed  fal>ri- 
cated,  and  probably  by  thcmfclves. 

Tc/z/a,  a  mountainous,  barren  part  of 
New-Bii'c:<y  province  in  Mexico, N.Amer- 
ica ;  yet  raoft  of  the  neighbouring  part* 
are  pleafnnt,  abounding  with  all  manner 
of  provifions. 

Topsfield,  a  townfhip  of  IVIafTachufetts, 
Eflex  CO.  containing  789  inhabitants.  It 
is  8  miles  wefterly  of  Ipfwich,  and  24  N 
by  E  of  Bofton. 

Tofjbam^  a  tovvnfhip  of  Vermont,  m 
Orange  co.  W  of  Newbury,  adjoinmg.  Ic 
is  watered  by  fome  branches  of  Wait's 
River,  and  contains  344  irlhjhicants. 

T'jfjbatn,  a  townfliip  of  Maine,  in  Lin- 
coln CO.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N  W  by 
Little  River  ;  N  liy  Bowjoin  and  Bow- 
doinhani  ;  E  by  Cathance  and  Merry 
Meeting  Bay  ;  S  and  S  W  by  Amanfcog- 
giu  River,  whii  h  feparates  it  from  Brunf- 
wick.  It  has  942  inhabitants.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1764.  A  few  Englilh  at- 
tempted to  fettle  here  in  the  beginning 
of  the  laft  century.  Tliefe  were  cut  olF 
by  the  natives.  Some  families  vcjitured 
to  fettle  in  this  hazardous  fuuatiun  in 
1730  ;  from  which  period,  until  tlir: 
peace  of  1763,  the  inhabitants  never  felt 
wholly  fecure  from  the  natives.  It  is  37 
nnles  S  by  V.'"  of  Hailowtllj  and  ijd  N  by 
E  of  Boilon. 

Torhay,  a  town  on  the  caflera  coaO:  of 
Nova  Scoti.i  ;  2^  niiUs  S  W  of  Roaring 
Bull  Ifland,  Hud  100  N  P-  of  Halifax. 

TtftLIc,  a  firiaoe  on  the  S  fids;  of  the  S 
peniafula 


TOR 


TOW 


penfnfula  of  St.  Domingo ;  3  leagues  N 
W  of  Avache  Illand, 

Toymentin  Cape^  on  the  W  fide  of  the 
Straits  of  Northumberland,  between  the 
illand  of  St.  John's  and  the  E  coaft  of 
Nova-Scotia,  is  the  N  point  of  the  en- 
trance to  Bay  Vertc.  It  is  W  from  Gov- 
ernor's H!and,'.»n  the  S  E  coaft  of  the  ifl- 
aad  of  St.  Johi^.  In  fome  maps  this 
poiiit  is  calltxl  Cope  Storm. 

&'j>ontOy?.  fettlemcnt  on  the  N  W  b?.nk 
of  Lake  Ontario,  S2>  niiles  N  by  W  of 
Fort  Niagara.    N  lat.  44  1,  W  long.  79  10. 

'Toronto  Bay,,  noiv  called  York  harbour. 

Toronto  River,  Galled  by  fome  St.  John's 
RivtT,  now  called  the  Humber. 

Torrirr^ton.ox  Bcdfcrfs  Bay^OW  the  fouth- 
ern  coafi:  of  Nova-Scotia,  and  its  entrance 
is  at  America  Point,  abaut  3  miles  N  of  | 
the  town  of  Halif<".2.  It  has  from  10  to  | 
13  fathoms  at  its  mouth,  but  the  bay  is 
alraofl:  circular,  and  has  froiu  14  to  50 
fatiioms  water  in  it.  A  prodigious  fea 
iets  into  it  in  winter. 

Torri/i£ton,  a  townfliip  of  Connedlicut, 
in  Litchfield  co.  8  miles  N  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  1,417  inhabitants. 

Tortoi/es,  The  River  of,  lies  lO  miles 
above  a  lake  -lo  miles  long,  and  8  or  10 
broad,  which  is  fv>rmed  by  the  Miflifippi 
in  Louiiiana  and  Florida.  It  is  a  large 
fine  river,  which  runs  into  the  country  a 
good  \yay  to  the  N  E,  and  is  navigable 
40  nn'les  by  the  largeft  boats. 

Tg)  tucy  Portage  dc  la,  at  the  head  of  the 
S  \V  branch  of  the  Ottawa  River,  U.  Can- 
ada, near  the  fmall  lake  which  joins  the 
portsgc  leading  to  1/ake  Nepifhng. 

Ti-rtii.c,  an  iiland  on  the  N  fide  of  the 
ifl^nd  of  Pr.  Domingo,  to'vards  the  N  W 
p,irt,  about  9  leagues  long  from  E  to  W, 
and  %  bra-.d.     I'hc  W  end   is  nearly  6 
leagues    from  the  head  of  the   bay   of  : 
Moufllque.     The  freebooters  and  bucca-  : 
niers  drove  t'ne  Spani;irds  from  this  id-  : 
snd  in   163?,;    in    163S,   the    Spaniards  i 
niallacred  ail  the  French  colony  ;  and  in  ! 
^639,  tlie  buccanitrs  retook  Tortue.     In 
1676,  the   Fzench  took   pofTetfion  of  it 
again, 

Tcftugns^  Dry,  /lioals  fcuth-weftward 
from  Cape  Florida.  Ihey  are  134 leagues 
from  the  bar  of  Pcnfacola,  and  in  lat.  24 
:.%  ^^-fnd  i'ong.  S3  40  W.  They  confifl 
of  I'crliHal!  iilands  or  keys,  and  extend  E 
N  E.and  W  0  W  lo  or  I'l  miles  ;  moft  of 
tlitni  a]r!e'*covered  with  Lufhes,  and' may 
fee  fee n  at"  the  dlftance  of  four  le.?gues. 
The  S  W  key  is  one  of  the  fmallefl.  but 
the  moft  mu:erial   to  be  known,   is    in 


lat.  24  3Z  N,  and  long.  83  40  W. 
From  the  S  W  part  of  this  key,  a  reef 
of  coral  rocks  extends  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile;  the  water  upon  it  is  vifibly 
difccloured. 

7ortugiis  Harbour,  on  the  coafl  of  Bra- 
zil, is  60  leagues  E  S  E  from  the  Cape  of 
Arbrafec,  and  the  fliore  is  flat  all  the  way 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mnranhao. 

Tortvgas,  an  ifland  fo  named  from  tlic 
great  number  of  turtle  found  near  it,  is 
near  the  N  W  part  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo.     See  Tortus. 

Tortugas,  or  Sal  Tortuga,  is  near  the  W 
end  of  New-Andaluiia  and  Terra  Firma. 
It  is  uninhabited,  although  about  30  miles 
in  circumference,  and  abounding  with, 
fait.  N  lat.  II  36,  W  long.  65.  It  is  14 
leagues  W  of  Margaritta  IITand,  and  17 
(>r  i8  from  Cape  Blanco  on  the  main. 
There  are  many  iflands  of  this  name  on 
the  N  coaft  of  S.  America. 

Tortugns  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Chili,  and 
in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  the  S  point  of 
the  port  of  Coquimbo,  and  7  or  8  IcagU'fs 
from  the  Pajoras  Iflands.  Tortugas  road  is 
round  tlie  j)oint  of  the  fame  name,  where 
fliips  may  ride  in  from  6  to  10  fathoms, 
over  a  bottom  of  black  fand  ;  near  a  rock 
called  the  Tortugas.  The  road  is  well 
flieltered,  but  will  not  contain  above  20 
or  30  fliips  fafely.  Ships  not  more  than 
aoo  tons  burthen  may  careen  on  the  Tor- 
tugas rock. 

Tofquiatojfy  Creeh,  a  N  head  water  of 
Alleghany  River,  whofe  mouth  is  E  of 
Squcaughta  Creek,  and  17  miles  N  W  of 
the  Icbua  Toivn  ;  which  fee. 

Tctoxvj,  a  place  or  village  at  the  Great 
Falls  in  PalTaik  River,  N.  Jerfey. 

Tottery,  a  river  which  empties  through 
the  S  E  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and  is  naviga- 
ble with  batteaux  to  the  Occafioto  Moun- 
tains. It  is  a  long  river,  and  has  few 
branches,  and  interlocks  with  Red  Creek, 
or  Clinche's  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ten- 
ntilee.  It  has  below  the  mountains,  ef- 
pecially  for  i  j  miles  from  its  mouth,  very- 
good  land. 

Tot'lcn,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  in  On- 
tario CO.  In  1796,  93  of  the  inbabitanta 
were  ele«5lors. 

Taivcrb'UL,  a  village  in  thetownfliip  of 
S.  Kingftown,  Rhode-Ifland,  where  a  poft 
office  is  kept.  It  is  to  miles  W  of  New- 
port. 

To'wnfenJ,  a  town  in  Norfolk  co,  IT, 
Canada,  hcs  in  the  rear  and  N  of  Wood- 
houfe. 

Toivrrjber.df  a  towufliip  of  Windham  co. 
Vermont, 


T  R  E 


T  R  I 


Vermont,  W  of  Weftminfler  and  Putney, 
containing  1,083  inhal)itants. 

TotvvJhenJ,  a  harboiif  on  the  coafl  of 
Maine,  where  is  a  bold  harbour,  having 
nine  fathoms  water,  flieltered  from  all 
"tt'inds.  High  water,  at  full  and  change, 
45  minutes  after  10  o'clock. 

Toivpjfiend,  a  townftiip  of  Middlefex  co. 
MaiTachufettR,  containing  1,149  inhabit- 
ants, 45  miles  northward  of  Boflon. 

TracffiluJje,  now  Carletcr,^  a  letttlcment 
on  the  N  fide  of  Chaleur  Bay,  about  5 
j-e-igues  from  the  great  river  Cafquipibi- 
ac,  in  the  S  V/  direftion.  It  is  a  place  of 
confiderable  trade-in  cod-fifli,  &c  Be- 
tween tlie  townfln'p  and  the  river  Cafqui- 
pibiac  is  the  fniidl  village  of  Maria. 

TranquillHy,  &  place  in  SufTex  CO.  New 
Jerfcy,  8  miles  S  of  Newtown. 

Trap,  a  village  in  Talbot  co.  Majyland, 
about  6  miles  S  E  of  Oxford. 

Trapy  The,  a  village  of  Pennf)  Ivania,  in 
Montgomery  co.  having  about  a  dozen 
houfes,  and  a  German  Lutheran  and  Cal- 
vinifl:  chufch  united.  It  is  11  iriitesfrom 
Pottfgrove,  and  id  from  Philadelphia. 

Trap,  a  village  in  Somerfet  co.  Mary- 
land, at  the  head  of  Wicomico  Creek,  a 
branch  of  the  river  Wicomico,  7  miles  S 
W  of  Salifbury,  and  6  Nof  Princefs  Ann. 

TraptGiv/ty  a  village  of  Frederick  co. 
Maryland,  on  Cotoc?V.in  Creek,  between 
the  South  and  CototTtin  Mountains,  and 
7  miles  S  W  of  Fredericktown. 

Ttaverfa  Bay,  Great,  lies  on  the  N  E 
•corner  of  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  nar- 
row entrance,  and  fets  up  into  the  land 

5  E,  and  receives  Traverfe  River  from 
the  eafl. 

Treadhaven  Creel,  a  {"mall  branch  of 
Choptank  Rivrr 

Trtafury  JJIe?iJs,  form  a  part  of  Mr. 
Shortland's  Netv  Georj^ia,  (Survi lie's  Ar- 
chipelago of  the   Arfacides)    lying-from 

6  38  to  7  30  S  lat.  and  from  155  34  to 
156  E  long,  from  Greenwich.  See  A/fa- 
eidcs,  5cc. 

Trenche  Mont  River,  3  fmall  river  of 
the  iiland  of  St.  John's,  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence. 

Trecothic,  a  townfliip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hampfliire,  h^.ving47  inhabitants. 

Trent,  a  fmall  river  of  North  Carolina, 
which  falls  into  Neus  River,  at  Newbern. 
It  is  navigable  for  fea  veflelB,  iz  miles 
above  the  town,  and  for  boats  20.  See 
Ncus. 

Trenton^  one. of  the  largefl  towns  in  N. 
Jerfey,  and  the  metropolis  of  the  State,  in 
Hunterdon  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Delaware 


River,  oppofite  the  falls,  and  nearly  m 
the  centre  of  the  State  from  N  to  S.  Ttic 
river  is  not  navigable  above  thefe  falls, 
j  except  for  boats  which  will  r^rry  from 
500  to  700  buflids  of  wheat.  This  town, 
with  Lambcrton.  which  joins  it  on  theS, 
contains  about  300  houfes,  and  2,000  in- 
habitants. Here  the  IcgiHature  flatedly 
meets,  the  fnpreme  court  fits,  and  moft  of 
the  public  offices  are  kept.  The  Inhabit- 
ants have  lately  eredred  a  hahd.^oirne  court- 
houfc,  100  feet  by  30,  with  a  femi-hexa- 
gon  at  each  end,  over  which  is  a  baluf- 
tradc.  Here  arc  alfo  a  church  for  Epif- 
copJ^H':Jns,  one  for  Prtfbyterian»,  one  for 
Mcthodifls,  and  a  (>naker  mccfing  houft*. 
In  the  neighbourhood  of  this  pleafaijr 
town  are  a  number  of  gentlemen's  feats, 
finely  fitnated  on  the  banks  of  the  Dela- 
ware, and  ornamented  with  tafteand  ele- 
gance. Here  is  a  flouriihing  academy. 
It  is  12  miles  S  W  of  Princeton,  50  from 
Brunfwick,  30  N  E  of  Philadelphia,  and 
176  from  Wafliington.  N  lat.  40  15,  W 
long.  74  15- 

Trenton^  a  fmall  pod  town  of  Maine, 
Hancock  co.  12  miles  W  by  S  of  Sullivan, 
31  N  Srby  E  of  Penobfcot,  286  N  E  of 
Boflon.  This  town  is  near  Defert  Iiland, 
and  has  294  inhabitants. 

Trenton,  the  chief  town  of  Jones'  co.  N. 
Carolina,  on  the  S  fide  of  Trent  River. 
It  contains  195  inhabitants,  acourthoufe 
and  gaol.  It  is  521  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia. 

Trenicn,  a  poft  town  in  Oneida  co.  New 
York,  508  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Trepajp  Bay,  or  Trefpaffes  Bay,  and  Har- 
bour, on  the  S  fide  of  Newfoundland  Jfiand, 
near  the  S  E  part,  and  about  21  miles  to 
the  northv.-cftward  of  Cape  Race,  the  S  E 
point  of  tiie  JHand.  The  harbour  is  large, 
well  fecured,  and  tlie  ground  good  to  an- 
chor in. 

Triat'gie  jjlind,  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of 
the  Bahamas.     N  lat.  20  5  r,  W  longitude 

Triangle  Ehoals,  lie  Vv'edward  of  the  pe- 
ninfula  of  Yucatan,  near  the  ¥.  fliore  of 
the  Bay  of  Campcachy,  nearly  W  of  Cape 
Condeccdo.     N  lat.  17  5,  W  long,  m  59. 

Triejlc  Bay,  on  the  coaft  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  is  nearly  due  S  from  Bonair  Klaud, 
one  of  the  Little  Antilles,  E  of  CurafTou 
Ifland. 

Trhfe  If.and,  a  fmall  ifland  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  Gulf  of  Campeachy,  W  of 
Port  Royal  Ifland,  about  3  leagues  from 
E  to  W.  The  creek  which  feparates  it 
from  Port  Royal  Ifland  is  fcarcely  broad 

enou^Ji 


r  K  I 


T  R  O 


enough  to  admit  a  cancer.  GOvod  frcfli 
water  will  be  got  by  digging  5  or  6  feet 
deep  in  the  fait  fand  ;  at  a,  lefs  depth  it  is 
brackifli  and  fait,  and  at  a  greater  depth 
than  6  feet  it  is  fait  again. 

TiiniJad,  a  fmall  iflaud  in  the  S.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  E  of  Spiritu  Santo,  in  Brazil. 
S  lat.  2,0  30,  W  long.  41  ao.  it  is  alfo 
called  Trinity. 

Trinidad,  or  Trlnidada  IJland,  neat  the 
coaft  of  Terra  Firma.  It  partly  forms 
the  Gulf  of  Paria,  or  Eocca  del  Drago, 
and  is  much  laiger  than  any  other  upon 
the  coafL  It  is  36  leagues  in  length,  and 
i8  or  2C  in  breadth,  but  the  climate  is 
rather  unhealthy,  and  little  of  it  is  clear- 
ed. The  current  fets  fo  ftrong  along  the 
coaft  from  E  to  W,as  to  render  mofl  of  its 
hays  and  harbours  ufclefs.  It  produces 
fugar,  fine  tobacco,  indigo,  g'nger,  a  vari- 
ety of  fruit,  feme  cotton,  and  Indian  corn. 


It  was  taken 


Sir   Walter  Raleigh,  in 


i595>  ''"fi  '"^y  the  French  in  1676,  who 
plundered  the  iOand,  and  extorted  money 
from  the  inhabitants.  It  was  captured 
by  the  Britilh  in  Feb.  1797.  It  is  fuuated 
between  59  and  62.  W  long,  and  in  10  N 
Jat.  The  N  E  point  lies  in  lat.  10  28  N, 
and  long.  59  37  W.  The  chief  to\yn  is 
St.  Jofcph. 

Trinidad,  La,  a  town  of  Meijcico,  in  the 
province  cf  Guatiniala,  on  the  banks  of 
the  rivtr  Belen,  la  miles  from  the  fea  ; 
but  the  road  is  almofl  impafiable  by  land. 
It  is  70  miles  S  E  of  Guatimala,  and  24 
E  of  La  Conception.  N  lat,  13,  W  long. 
91  40. 

Tn„id.,d,  La,nn  the  N  coaft  of  the  Iflh© 
mus  of  D  iricn,  lies  f  aflward  of  Bocca  del  | 
Toro,  and  fonie  clufters  of  fmall  iflands,  I 
and  S  W  of  Porto  Bello  and  Fort  Chagre. 
N  lat.  830,  W  long.  81  3C. 

Trinidad,  OT  La  Sonfunntc  F'tt^    a    fOwD 

on  a  bay  r>f  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  6$  j 
miles  S  E  of  Pttapa,  and  \(>2,  from  the  I 
town  of  Guatimala.  Ail  the  goods  that 
arefent  from  Peru  and  Mexico  to  Acax- 
atla,  al»out  12  ;-nilcs  from  it,  .Tre  brought 
to  this  port.  It  is  9  miles  from  the  town 
to  the  harbour  which  is  much  frequented, 
and  is  a  place  of  great  trade;  being  the 
neareft  landing  to  Guatimala  tor  ihips 
that  coniffrom  PtTii,Pan3ma,and  Mexico. 

Trinid.}!,  La.  one  of  the  fcaports  on 
the  S  part  of  tl-.e  ifland  of  Cuba,  N  W  of 
file  W  tnd  of  tlie  f  rnujje  of  illnnds  ca'ltd 
Jardin  de  la  Reyna.  N  lat.  21  40,  W 
louij.  80  50. 

Trinidad,  Z/7,  an  opcn  town  of  Vcragua, 
and  audience  of  Mexico, 


Tthidtd  Channel  has  the  ifland  of  Tf - 
bago  on  the  N  "W,  and  that  of  Trinidad 
on  the  S. 

Trinidad^  or  TrirJfy,  a  town  of  New 
Granada  and  Terra  Firma,in  S.  America 4 
about  23  miles  N  E  of  St.  Fe. 

Trinity  Bay,  on  the  E  fide  of  Newfound- 
land Ifland,  between  iat.  47  $'^  30,  and 
48  37  N.     ■ 

Trir.iiy  Port,  a  large  bay  cf  Martinico 
Ifland,  in  the  W.  Indies,  formed  on  the  S 
E  by  Point  C;^.ravelle. 

Trinity  Tf,c  lies  near  the  coaft  cf  Pata- 
gonia, in  S.  An^erica,  E  of  York  Iflands. 
S  lat.  50  37. 

Trinity  Ijle,  the  northcancrnmoft  of  the 
fmall  iflands  on  the  S  E  coaft  of  the  penin- 
fula  of  Alaflca,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  A- 
merica,  N  E  of  Foggy  Iflands. 

Trro^  a  cape  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  S. 
America. 

Trijlo,  a  bay  on  the  N  coaft  of  S.  Amer- 
ica, is  W  S  W  of  the  river  Turiano.  It 
has  good  anchorage, and  is  well  flieltercd 
from  the  fwell  of  the  fca. 

Triiiigillo  Bay,  in  the  Gulf  of  Kondura?, 
or  S  fliore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  with- 
in the  Ifland  of  Pines.  Dulce  River  lies 
a  little  W. 

Trocadie,  a  fmall  ifland  on  the  N  coaft; 
of  the  ifland  of  St.  John's,  lying  off  the 
mouth  of  Shimene  Port,  and  in  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence. 

Trois  Rivieres,  a  bay  rt  the  E  end  of 
the  above  mentioned  Ifland  of  St.  John's, 
and  W  of  Cape  Breton  Ifland,  Three 
ftreams  fall  into  it  from  different  direc- 
tions ;  hence  its  name.  N  lat.  4<''  j,  W 
lung.  6i  15. 

Troii  Rivieres,  OX  the  Three  Rivcr.%  a 
town  of  Lower  Canada,  fettled  by  the 
French  in  i6ro.  The  town  ftanns  o;: 
the  northern  bank  of  the  St.  l.awrcncr 
at  that  part  of  the  river  called  Lake 
St.  Pierre'*'  It  is  but  thmly  inhaljited, 
though  cpmmodioufly  f'tuated  for  the 
fur  trade,  and  vyas  fotmerly  the  feat  of 
the  French  goTtnmitnt,  and  the  grand 
mart  to  which  the  natives  rcfortcd.  It  is 
plrafantly  fituatcd  in  a  fertile  country, 
about  50  miles  S  V^  of  Quebec.  The  in- 
habitants are  moftly  ricl»,  and  have  ele- 
gant, well  lurni filed  houfcs,  an<l  the  coun- 
try round  wears  a  fine  ?ppearaiice.  N 
lat.  46  5J,  W  long.  75  15. 

Trompenur,  Capcy   d/d  Euganna,    or  Falft 

Cape,  is  the  cafternniofl  point  of  the  ifland 
of  St.  Domingo.  N  lat.  18  25,  W  long. 
fr(»m  Pari.s  7  i. 

Tropick  K>vs  are  fmall  iflajids  or  rocks. 


T  R  U 


T  R  IT 


If  of  Grab  Ifland,  and  ofF  the  E  coaft  of 
i»orto  Rico  Ifland.  A  number  of  tropic 
fcirds  breed  here,  which  are  a  fpecies 
never  Nfeen   but    between    the    tropics. 

Trogtioes,  a  bay  at  the  fouthcrn  extrem- 
ity of  the  eaftern  part  of  Lake  Huron, 
fcparated  from  Matchuuoch  Buy  on  the 
N  E  by  a  broad  promontory. 

Tronuqua,  an  ifland  on  the  N  coafl  of 
S.  America,  m  the  mouth  of  a  fmal!  bay 
pear  Cape  Seco.  a  fliort  way  S  E  from 
the  E  point  of  the  bay  or  river  Tara- 
tura. 

Trou  Jacohy  on  thc  S  fide  of  St.  Domin- 
go. From  this  to  Cape  Bcate,  or  Cape 'a 
Foux,  the  fliore  is  rocky. 

Trou,  Le\  a  fcttlemcnt  in  the  N  part  of 
the  French  divifujn  of  thc  iiland  of  St. 
Domingo.  N  lat.  19  %S->  W  long,  from 
Paris  74  22. 

Troy,  a  pod  town  of  N.  York,  Renflel- 
laer  co.  6  miles  N  of  Albany,  3  S  of  Lan- 
fmgburgh  city, and  405  fromWafiiiugton, 
on  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  River.  The 
townfliip  of  Troy  is  bounded  E  by  Peterf- 
fburg,  and  was  taken  from.  Renflellaer- 
wyck  townfhip,  and  incorporated  in  1791. 
In  1796,  550  of  thc  inhabitants  were 
cledlors,  and  in  iSoo,  thc  whole  number 
was  4,926.  In  17 89,  the  fcite  of  this 
flourifliing  city  was  covered  with  flocks 
and  herds.  » 

Trumlull,  a  port:  town  in  Fairfield  co. 
ConneAicut,  309  miles  from  Wafhington. 
It  has  1,291  inhabitants. 

Trumltdl,  a  county  of  the  State  of  Ohio, 
is  bounded  E  by  the  weflern  line  of  Penn- 
sylvania, N  by  Lake  Erie,  S  by  the  par- 
allel of  41  N  lat.  extending  W  120  miles 
on  the  S  line,  embracing  the  whole  of 
what  is  called  Neiv  CemeSlkut.  There  is 
n  water  communication  between  St.  Law- 
rence and  Miflifippi,  except  portages  at  Ni- 
agara, Three  Rivers,  and  from  theCayu- 
gri  to  PvTufkingum,  8  miles,  the  whole  not 
exceeding  30  miles.  On  Lake  Erie  are  22 
velTels  from  40  to  2CO  tons,  employed  in 
tranfportation  of  furs,  falt,Englilli  goods, 
&;c.  ^c.  acrols  tiie  lake.  This  county  in 
loOC  had  T  303  inhabitants.  The  county 
town,  Warren,  is  76  miles  N  W  from  Pittf- 
burgh. 

TrurOf  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Hali- 
fax CO.  at  the  head  of  thc  Baftn  of  Minas, 
oppofite  to,  and  3  miles  foutherly  of  Onf- 
low ;  40  miles  N  by  W  of  Halifax,  a!)cl 
40  from  Piiflou.  It  was  fettled  by  the 
North  Irifli,  fome  Scotch,  and  the  de- 
fcendanis  or  North  Irifli  Through  this 
tov.  n  runs  thc  river  called  by  thc  Indians 


Shubbcnacadic,  navigable  for  boats  tH 
within  9  miles  of  Fort  Sackvillc. 

Trurc,  a  poft  t.i'vn  of  Barnftablc  co. 
Maffachufetts,  lies  between  lat.  41  57, 
and  42  4  N,  and  between  long.  704  and 
70  13  W.  It  is  on  the  cafternmoft  part 
of  the  peninfula  of  Cape  Cod,  57  mile? 
S  E  of  Boflon,  in  a  ftraight  line,  but 
as  thc  ro^-d  runs  it  is  126,  and  40  from 
the  court  houfe  of  Barn  liable.  It  is  the 
P<.met  of  the  Indians,  and  after  its  fetrlc- 
ment  in  1700,  was  fome  time  called  Dan- 
getfdd;  it  was  incorporated  under  its 
prcfent  name  in  1709,  and  contams  1,15^ 
inhabitants.  Only  one  family  of  Indians 
remained  a  few  years  fince,  and  lived  on 
famet  J*iiint.  In  the  valley  called  Gretjt 
Holhtv,  a  creek  fets  up  from  the  bay,  at 
the  mouth  of  which  is  a  tide  harbour. 
Thc  other  landing  places  are  of  fmall 
note.  Pamd  Harhcur  is  about  lOO  yards 
wide  At  the  mouth,  but  is  wider  within  ; 
and  if  repaired  would  be  of  public  utility. 
It  lies  above  3  leagues  S  E  of  Cape  Cod 
harbour.  The  hill  on  which  the  mceting- 
houfe  (lands,  branches  from  thc  high 
land  cf  Cape  Cod,  well  known  to  feamen. 
The  mountain  of  clay  in  Truro,  in  the 
midfc  of  fandy  hills,  feems  to  have  been 
placed  there  by  the  God  of  Nature,  to 
ferve  as  a  foundation  for  a  light-houfc, 
which,  if  eredled,  might  fave  the  lives  of 
thoufands,  and  millions  of  property.  The 
foil  of  Truro  is,  in  mofl  places,  fand)'^, 
like  Provincetown ;  and  the  inhabitants 
derive  their  principal  fubfiflence  from 
the  fea,  wliich  here  a!)ounds  with  vafl: 
variety  of  fifli.  Great  part  of  their  corn 
and  vegetables  are  procured  from  Boflon 
and  the  neighbouring  towns.  Two  in- 
habitants of  Truro,  Captains  David 
Smith  and  Gamaliel  Collings,  were  thc 
iirfl  who  adventured  to  Falkland  Iflands 
in  purfuit  of  whales.  This  vov^ge,  which 
was  crowned  with  fuccefs,  was  undertak- 
en in  1774,  by  the  advice  of  Admiral 
Montague  of  the  Briiifli  navy.  The 
whale-men  of  Truro  now  vifit  the  coaft  of 
Guinea  and  Brazil.  Many  of  the  mailers 
of  fhips  employed  from  Boflon  and  ether 
ports,  are  natives  of  Truro.  Thc  elderly 
men  nnri  fmall  boys  renrrtin  at  home  to 
cultivate  the  ground;  the  reft  are  at  fea 
Ids  of  the  year.  The  women  are  getif  r- 
aliy  employed  in  fpinning,  weaving,  knit- 
ting, &c. 

TruxiHa,  a  bav.  h  irbour,  and  town,  at 
*!..  bi>t;..r.i  of  St.  G  ;«j's  Bay,  on  the  coaft 
of  Honduras,  in  the  gulf  of  that  name. 
The  bay  it  about  6  miles  broad,  being 

deep 


T  UC 


T  U  L 


4d«q>  and  fceurc,  and  defended  by  a  caf- 
tle ;  but  it  has  little  trade.  The  town 
Hands  about  a  league  from  the  North 
Sea,  between  two  rivers,  the  mouths  of 
vhich,  with  fome  iflands  before  them, 
form  the  harbour.  The  ccmutry  is  ex- 
ceedingly fruitful  in  corn  and  grapes,  and 
nottvithftanding  the  heat:  of  the  climate, 
very  populous.  The  city  is  defended  by 
a  thick  wall  towards  the  fea,  and  is  in- 
acceffible  but  by  a  narrow,  ftcep  afcent. 
The  caftle  joins  to  the  wall,  and  ftands  on 
a  hill.  Behind  the  city  are  high  moun- 
tains. It  lies  300  miles  N  E  of  Amapal- 
la.     N  lat.  15  20,  W  long.  85  j6. 

I'ruxillo,  the  firft:  diocefe  in  the  audi- 
ence of  Lima,  in  Peru. 

I'ruxilloy  a  bay  or  harbour,  and  one  of 
the  principal  cities  of  the  province  of  the 
fame  name  in  Peru,  is  n  leagues  from 
Chocope,  and  8c  N  W  of  Lima  ;  and  ac- 
cording to  Ulloa,  the  city  lies  in  lat.  8  6 
3  S,  and  long.  77  30  W.  It  ftands  in  the 
valley  of  Chimo,  on  a  fmall  river,  about 
half  a  league  from  the  fea  ;  is  furround- 
cd  with  a  brick  wall,  and  from  its  circuit 
may  be  clafl'ed  among  cities  of  the  third 
order.  Two  leagues  to  the  northward  is 
the  port  of  Guanchaco,  the  channel  of  its 
trade.  The  houfcs  make  an  elegant  ap- 
pearance, being  generally  of  brick,  with 
ftately  balconies  and  fuperb  porticoes. 

Truxilloy  or  Ncfira  Smiora  de  la  PaZy  a 
town  of  New-Granada  (Venezuela)  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America,  125  miles  S 
of  Maracaibo  Lake ;  on  the  S  bank  of 
which  lake  is  a  village,  called  Truxiilo, 
dependent  on  this  city.  The  city  is  in 
lat.  9  %i  N,  and  long.  69  15  W._ 

Trynn  Mountainsy  in  N.  Carolina,  lie  N 
W  of  the  town  of  Salifbury,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  the  State  of  Tenncifee. 

Tuape,  the  chief  town  of  the  divifion  of 
Senora,  in  New  Mexico. 

Tuhaiy  a  fmall  ifland,  one  of  the  Society 
Ifiands,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  about  4 
or  5  leagues  to  the  N  by  W,  or  N  N  W 
from  Bolabola.  S  lat.  16  ii,W long.  151  44. 

Tucapee,  on  the  coaft  of  Chiii,  and  the 
W  fide  of  S.  America,  is  on  the  S.  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  lO  leagues  N  N  E  from  Rio 
imperial,  and  10  to  the  iflaud  of  Santa 
Maria,  or  St.  Mary. 

TuckabnUheesy  a  town  of  the  Creek  na- 
tion of  Indians. 

Tuckahoc  CrecL  in  Maryland,  Talbot  co. 
a  branch  of  Choptank  River. 

Tacicrton^  the  port  of  entry  for  the  dif- 
tricl  of  Little  Egg  Harbour,  in  the  State 
of  N.  jerfty. 


^aclertcfj,  a  pofl  town  in  Burlington  co. 
N.  Jerfey,  aoi  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Tucuman,  a  province  of  S.  America,  f© 
called  from  a  tribe  of  Indians,  and  in  the 
S  W  divifion  of  Paraguay.  It  is  bound- 
ed N  partly  by  Los  Chicas,  in  Peru,  and 
partly  by  Chaco  ;  S  by  Cayo  and  Pam- 
pas ;  E  by  Paraguay  Proper,  and  Rio  de 
la  Plata  ;  and  W  by  St.  Jago,  in  Chili, 
and  the  S  end  of  Chicas ;  extending  it- 
felf  from  Rio  Vermego  to  Rio  Quarto, 
almoft  from  lat.  54  to  34  S,  and  from  E 
to  W,  where  broadefl:,  from  the  river  Sa- 
le do  to  the  ridge  of  the  Cordillera,  fepa- 
rating  it  from  Chili,  almoft  from  long.  62 
to  69  30  W.  The  climate  is  healthy  and 
temperate.  The  lands  are  rich  and  well 
cultivated,  sfpecially  towards  Chili,  with 
fome  deiart  cantons  towards  the  Magel- 
lanic fide.  Its  two  principal  rivers  arc 
Dolce  and  Salado,  that  is,  the  fweet  and 
fait  ones ;  beGde  innumerable  fmaller 
Hreams.  The  natives  are  fomewhat  civil- 
ized by  the  Spaniards,  and  cover  them- 
fclves  with  their  woollen  and  cotton  man- 
ufacSlures,  and  live  in  villages. 

Tucuyo,  a  town  of  New  Granada,  and 

Terra  Firma,  in  N.  America.     It  ftands 

in    a   valley  of  the   fame   name,  every 

where  furrounded  by  mountains.     The 

j  air  is  very  healthy,  and  the  foil  fruitful, 

j  and  a  river  divides  the  place.      It  is  200 

I  miles  S  of  Maracaibo  city.     N  lat.  7  10, 

W  long.  68  36. 

Ti/ftonicrougfj,  a  town  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
in  Strafford  co.  on  the  N  E  fide  of  Lake 
Winipifeogee,  adjoining  Woifborough, 
containing  357  inhabitants. 

Tugulo  River y  in  Georgia,  is  the  main 
branch  of  Savannah  River.  The  other 
great  branch  is  Keowce,  which  joining 
with  the  other,  15  miles  N  W  of  the 
northern  boundary  of  Wilke's  co.  form 
the  Savannah.  Some  branches  of  the 
Tugulo  rife  in  the  State  of  TennefTee. 
A  refpeAable  traveller  relates  that  in  ten 
minutes,  having  walked  his  horfe  mod- 
erately, he  tailed  of  Tugulo,  Apalachico- 
la,  and  Hiwafi'ee  Rivers. 

Tuichtenoona  Creek,  in  the  State  of  New- 
York,  Is  16  milee  above  SchenecEtady.  E 
of  the  creek  is  a  curious  Indian  infcrip- 
tion. 

Tully,  one  of  the  military  tov.'nfliips  of 
Onondago  co.  N-  York,  having  Sempro- 
nius  W,  and  Fabius  E.  It  is  within  the 
jurifdiction  of  Pompey,  lies  29  miles  S  E 
of  the  ferry  on  Cayuga  Lake,  «nd  has  a 
poft  office. 

Tulpiboclciii  a  branch  of  the  Schuylkill, 
which 


Tir  R 


*t  V  li 


which  empties  into  that  river  at  Reading. 
Alfo,  the  name  of  a  town  of  Pcnnfylva- 
liia,  in  Lancafter  co.  6  miles  W  of  Mid- 
diet  own,  and  65  N  W  of  Philadelphia. 
Tulpehockcn  Creek  or  River,  and  Qnita- 
pahilla,  head  within  4  miles  of  each  oth- 
er. The  water  communication  between 
Schuylkill  and  Sufquehannah  mull  be 
formed  over  a  tradl  of  country  of  about 
40  miles  in  extent,  from  river  to  river,  in 
a  ftraightline  ;  but  about  60  miles  as  the 
navigation  mufl:  go.  This  tra<51:  is  cut  by 
the  above  two  creeks.  The  bottom  of 
the  canal,  through  which  the  navigation 
mult  pafs,  will  not  here  rife  more  than 
30  feet  above  the  levtl  of  the  head  wa- 
ters of  the  above  two  creeks  :  nor  fo  much 
as  aoo  feet  above  the  level  of  the  waters 
of  Sufquehannah  or  Schuylkill. 

TuPTitcZf  a  town  in,  the  road  to  Lima 
and  Peru,  in  S.  Afiierica,  7  leagues  from 
Salto,  a  place  for  landing  goods  configned 
to  this  place,  and  in  lat.  3  12  16  S.  Near 
this  town  is  a  river  of  the  fame  name, 
which  empties  into  the  bay  of  Guayaquil. 
It  has  near  70  cane  houfes. 

Tumbling  Dam^  on  Delaware  River,  Is 
about  11  miles  above  Trenton. 

tnnhridge,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  la  miles  W  of  Thetford.  It 
contains  1,314  inhabitauts. 

tunia^  a  city  of  New  Granada,  in  Terra 
Firma. 

Tu/ija^  a  town  of  New  Granada  and 
Terra  Firma,  in  S.  America.  Ntar  it  are 
mines  of  gold  and  emeralds.  The  air  is 
temperate,  and  tlie  foil  fruitful.  It  is 
about  30  miles  S  W  of  Truxillo.  N  lat. 
4  51,  W  long.  7  a  10. 

Tuckers.      See  Ephrata. 

TunLhannock,  a  poft  town  and  creek  in 
Luzerne  co.  Pennfylvaflia.  The  creek  is 
a  water  of  Sufquelianaah. 

Tupinambas,  the  name  of  a  famous  na- 
tion who  inhabited  Brazil  on  its  liift  dif- 
covery  by  the  Portiynicfe.  They  Ittt  their 
chief  abode  about  Rio  de  Janeiro,  antl 
wandered  up  to  the  parts  near  the  Ama- 
zon, where  the  Tapayos  are  now  the  dfc- 
fcendants  of  that  brave  people.  Their 
migration  and  hiflory  arc  fully  defcribcd 
by  Father  D.iciinh.a. 

Tura  Baviba^  a  fp.icious  plain  of  Peru, 
in  S.  America,  at  the  extremity  of  which 
n-auds  the  city  uf  Qnito.  To  this  plain 
there  is  \  road  from  Guayaquil, 

Turbet^  a  townflnp  of  PeunfylvaDla,on 
Sufq'iehannah  River. 

Turlano,  a  rivei*  on  the  N  coafl  of  S. 
America,  3  leagues  E  of  ths  iJlands  Bdr- 


barata.  Near  it  is  a  fait  pond  which  fuf- 
niflies  all  the  coaft  with  fait,  and  there  i» 
harbour  and   road  for  fliips  to  ride  in, 

Turin,  a  poll  town  in  Oneida  co.  N. 
York,  536  miles  from  Walliington. 

Turhy^  a  fmall  town  of  N.  Jerfey,  Ef- 
fc3  CO.  14  mHes  N  W  of  Elizabeth  Town. 

Turhy  Foot,  in  Youghiogany  River,  is 
the  point  of  junftion  of  the  great  S 
Branch,  Little  CrolTings  from  the  S  E, 
and  N  Branch  from  the  northward,  ft 
is  2)5  n^iles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
z%  miles  S  S  W  of  Berlin,  in  Ptnnfylva* 
nia,  and  36  N  E  of  Morgantown.  N  lat. 
39  44. 

Turkey  Point,  a  promontory  on  the  N 
fide  of  Lake  Erie,  oppofite  to  Prei'quc 
Illc,  on  the  S  fide,  about  50  miles  acrof«. 

Turhy  Point,  at  the  head  of  Chefapeak 
Bay,  is  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the 
waters  of  the  bay  on  the  N  W,  and  thofc 
of  Elk  River  on  the  S  E.  It  is  about  15^ 
miles  S  V/  of  Elkton,  and  44  N  £  of  An- 
napolis. Here  the  Britifli  army  landed, 
in  Auguft,  1777,  before  they  advanced  to 
Philadelphia. 

Turks  JJlands,  fcveral  fmall  iilands  in  the 
W.  Indies,  about  ^iS  leagues  N  E  of  the 
ifiand  of  St.  Domingo.  The  Berniudiansr 
frequently  come  hither  and  make  a  great 
quantity  of  fait,  and  the  fliips  which  fail 
from  St.  Domingo  commonly  pafs  within 
fight  of  them.     N  lat.  21  1 8,  W  long.  7  x  5. 

Turner,  a  tcwnlliip  of  Maine,  Cumber- 
land CO.  on  the  W  bank  of  Androfcoggin 
River,  which  divides  it  from  Green  ia 
Lincoln  co.  It  was  incorporated  in  17  Sd, 
contains  722  inhabitants,  172  miles  N  of 
Boflon,  and  31  S  W  of  Hallowell.  Tiven- 
ty  mile  Stream  runs  through  the  middle  of 
this  townfhip,  and  falls  into  the  Great 
Amarifkoggin  River  oppcfice  the  planta- 
tion of  Litticborough,  and  about  5  miles 
below  Thirty  mile  Stream. 

Turtle  Jjlaiid,  in  the  S.  Pacific  Occnn,  is 
nearly  a  league  long,  and  not  half  fv> 
broad.  It  is  furroundcd  by  a  reef  of 
coral  rocks,  that  have  no  foundings  with- 
out thtm.     S  iat.  19  49,  W  long.  177  57. 

Tuide  Creely  in  Pcnnfylvania,  a  fmall 
ftream  which  empties  through  the  E  bank 
of  Monong^hcla  River,  about  fa  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  that  river,  at  Pittf- 
burg.  At  the  head  of  this  creek,  Gener-^ 
al  Braddock  engaged  a  party  of  Indians, 
the  9th  of  July,  17  55,  on  his  v  ay  ro  Fort 
du  Quefnc,  now  Finfourg,  where  he  wa4 
repulied,  himfdf  killed,  his  army  put  to 
flight,  and  the  remains  of  the  army 
brisuoh:  ofF  the  field  by  the  addrefs  and 

courage 


T  W  E 


U  C  A 


courage  of  Colonel,  afterwards  General  j 
Waihington.  j 

Turilc  River,  m  Georgia,  empties  into  i 
St.  Simon's  Sound,  and  its  bar  has  a  fuf- 
iiciency  of  water  for  the  largefl:  vefTel  that 
fwims.  At  its  mouth  is  the  town  of 
Bfuiifwick,  which  has  a  noble  and  capa- 
cious harbour.  The  town  is  regularly 
laid  out,  but  not  yet  built.  The  lands 
on  the  banks  of  this  river  are  laid  to  be 
czrellent. 

Tury^  a  river  on  the  coaft  of  Brazil,  in 
S.  America,  40  leagues  E  S  E  of  the  river 
Cayta.  The  iUand  of  St.  John  lies  juft 
off  the  river's  mouth,  and  makes  a  vcy 
good  harbour  on  tlie  inHdc  of  it.  But 
the  paflagc  both  in  and  out,  is  difficult, 
and  no  pilots  are  u>  be  had. 

Tufcarcra  Creek,  a  iniall  ftream  of  Pcnn- 
fylvacia,  which  empdes  through  the  S  W 
hank  cf  Junistta  K.ivcr,  12  miles  S  E  of 
Levvifliown. 

Tufcarora  Villages,  lie  a  mile  from  each 
Other,  4  miles  from  Queenftown,  in  U. 
Canada,  containing  together  about  40  de-  ' 
cayed  houfes.  Vertices  of  ancient  fortiii-  1 
cations  are  vifible  in  this  neighbourhood.  { 
The  Indian  houfes  arc  about  12  feet  | 
fquare;  many  of  them  are  wholly  cover-  | 
ed  with  bark,  others  have  the  walls  of  { 
logs,  in  the  fame  manner  as  the  firft  fet-  ! 
tiers  among  white  people  built  iheir  huts,  j 
having  chimneys  in  which  they  keep  i 
comfortable  fires.  Many  of  them,  how-  1 
ever,  retain  the  ancient  cullom  of  having  i 
the  fire  in  the  centre  of  the  houfe.  The  I 
lands  in  the  vicinity  are  of  a  good  quality.  | 

Tufcaroi-as,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  the  i 
State  of  N.  Yotk.  They  migrated  from  } 
i^r.  Carolina,  about  the  year  17  12,  and  | 
vircre  adopted  by  the  Oneidas,  with  whom  j 
they  have  fiace  livtd,  on  the  fuppofition  1 
that  they  v/tre  originally  the  fame  tiihc,  i 
from  AVI  affinity  which  there  is  in  tlicir  | 
language.  They  noiv  confift  of  about  j 
400  fouls,  tlieir  village  is  between  Kah-  1 
nanwolohale  and  New  Stockbridge,  on 
Tufcarora  or  Oneida  Cieck.  Thet  r6-  | 
Ceive  an  annuity  of  about  400  dollars  I 
from  the  United  States. 

Ttiflitiraiv'ty  the  sncient  name  of  a  head 
water  af  MuflilxuMim  River.  It  is  alio 
called  Tufcarawas. 

Tutapan,  a  large  town  on  the  W  coaft 
of  New  MeSico,  lu  tlie  N.  Pacific  Occnn. 
From  the  river   Sacatuha,  the  high  and  j 
rugged  land  extends  N  W  25  leagues. 

Tzvelve  IflcT,  or  Tncek.c  ApoJiUs',  i lies  on  | 
the  S  lide  cf  Lakt:  Superior,  and  on  the  • 
S  fiile  of  tiie  mou'tli  of  \U(i  Bay, 


twenty  Mile  Creeky  an  caftem  brarick' 
of  Tombigbee  River,  in  Georgia,  which 
runs  firft  a  S  by  E  courfe,  then  turns  to 
the  S  W.  Its  mouth  lies  in  about  lat.  33 
Zi  N,  and  long.  88  W, , 

Twenty  Five  Mile  Pond^  a  fettlement  ia 
Kennebeck  co.  Maine. 

TivigbtTveesy  a  tribe  of  Indians,  in  the 
State  of  Ohio,  inhabiting  near  Miami 
River  and  Fort.  Warriors  200.  See 
IVaiviachtonos. 

Tyhee  JJland,  Oft  the  coafl  of  Georgia, 
lies  at  the  mouth  of  Savannah  River,  to 
the  fouthward  of  the  bar.  It  is  very 
pleafant,  with  a  beautiful  creek  to  the  W 
of  it,  where  a  lliip  of  any  burden  may 
lie  fafe  at  anchor.  A  light-houfe  Hands 
on  the  illaud,  80  feet  high,  and  in  lat.  32 
N,  and  long.  8i  10  W.  The  light-houfe 
is  7  miles  E  S  E  i  E  from  Savannah. 

Tyboiney  a  townfl^iip  of  Pennfylvania,  ill 
Cumberland  co.  having  1,446  inhabitants.. 

Tygart's  Valley,  in  Pennfylvania,  lies 
on  Monorigahela  River. 

Tygcr,  a  fmall  river  of  S.Carolina,  rifcs 
in  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and,  taking 
a  S  E  courfe  nearly  parallel  to  Enorec 
river,  empties  into  Broad  River,  5  miles 
above  the  Enoree. 

Tyn<rJboroufrh,  a  town£hIp  of  MaiTacliu- 
fetts,  Middlefex  co.  on  Merrimack  River, 
31  miles  N  of  Boflon,  containing  696  in- 
habitants. 

Tyngjloivn^  a  townfliip  of  Kennebeck 
CO.  -Maine,  containing  244  inhabitants. 

Tyiingham,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  Bcrkfliire  CO.  It  contains  1,712  in- 
habitants, lies  14  miles  from  the  fhire 
town,  and  1 40  W  of  Bofton. 

Tyrone,  two  townfliips  of  Pennfylva- 
nia ;  the  one  in  York  co,  the  other  in 
that  of  Cumberland,  the  latter  having- 
1.946  inhabitants. 

Tyrrel,  a  maritime  county  of  Edentcn 
diaricV,  N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  by  Roa- 
noke River  and  Albemarle  Sound,  and  S' 
by  Beaufort.     It  is  gaierally  a  low,  flnt,. 

"  fvvampy  country, and  concains  3,363 


iiihabitants. 


Uc 


VJ. 


CAH,  Fori,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America,  is  lltuated  on  Wafliington's  Ul- 
an d,  S  of  Port  Geyer,  and  N  of  Port 
Sturgis,  At  its  mouth  are  Nccdhaai't, 
li'les.  The  middle  of  the  entrance  of  thli 
bay  is  in  lat.  52  25  N. 

Ueoyala  Rv:r.,  a  S  branc'u  of  Aniazoi'. 
PJver, 


UMU 


V  n  1 


thle,  an  Indian  town  on  tFic  Chata 
tlclie  River.  It  is  fituatcd,  according  to 
Bartram,  on  a  vafl  plain,  and  is  the  larg- 
eft,  mofl:  compatft,  and  beft  b;iilt  Indian 
town  he  ever  faw.  The  habitations  are 
large,  and  neat  ;  the  walls  of  the  houfes 
are  conftrudled  of  a  wooden  frames  then 
lathed  and  plaflered  infide  and  out  with 
a  reddifli  wtll-tempcred  clay  or  mortar, 
which  gives  them  the  appearance  of  red 
brick  walls  ;  and  the  roofs  are  neatly 
covered  with  cyprcfs  bark,  or  fliingles. 
The  town  appears  populous  and  thriving, 
full  of  youth  and  young  children  ;  and  is 
fuppofed  to  contain  about  1,500  inhabit- 
ants. They  are  able  to  mufter  500  gun- 
inen  or  warriors.  Their  national  lan- 
guage is  radically  different  from  the  Creek 
or  Mufcogulge  tongue,  and  is  called  the 
Savanna  or  Savanuca  tongue.  It  is  faid 
to  be  the  fame  or  a  dialeiS  of  the  Shaw- 
snefe.  Although  in  confederacy  with 
the  Creeks,  they  do  not  mix  with  them  ; 
and  are  of  importance  enough  to  excite 
the  jcaloufy  of  the  whole  Mufcogulge 
confederacy,  and  are  ufually  at  variance, 
yet  are  wife  enough  to  unite  againfl:  a 
tommon  enemy  to  lupport  the  intereft  of 
the  general  Creek  confederacy. 

Uliftea,  one  of  the  Society  Illands  in  the 
iS.  Pacific  Ocean,  is  about  7  or  8  leagues 
from  the  ifland  of  Huaheine,  at  S  W  by 
W.  There  are  9  uninhabited  iflands  \V 
of  it.  The  S  end  lies  in  lat.  16  S5  Sjand 
long,  iji  ao  W. 

Ulloa,  or  St.  John  de  Ulloa,  near  the  W 
fliore  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Ulftcr^  a  mountainous  and  hilly  coUnty 
of  N.  Yorkj  bounded  E  by  Hudlbn  Riv-  1 
er,  S  by  the  county  of  Orange,  and  N  by 
the  CO.  of  Green.     Chief  town,  Kingfton.  ] 

Uhijes^  one  of  the  military  towndiips  in  | 
Cayuga  co.  N.  York,  fituated  at  the  S 
end  of  Cayuga  Lake,  having  HeiTlor  W, 
and  Dryden  E,  which  laft  townlliip  is  in- 
cluded within  the  jurifditftion  of  Ulylfes, 
Vv'hich  was  incorporated  in  1794.  It  has 
927  inhabitants. 

Umbacrog^  the  general  name  of  a  clwin 
or  collection  of  Eakes  in  the  northerly 
.part  of  York  co.  Maine,  which  all  fall 
into  the  Great  Amarifkoggin  River. 
Their  feveral  names  are  Aqueibok,  Mo- 
felmagunteag,  Molachankamaug,  Kene- 
bakook,  and  Welokenebakook.  l^vvo 
ftrcams,  the  Kupfuktook  and  the  Maga- 
Jowiij  fall  in  on  the  N  lide.  The  furvcys 
nf  this  northern  part  of  the  country  arc 
too  defccflive  to  give  a  more  particular 
M\(\  pre^cife  defcriptioB  JVuhutt. 

Vet.  h  H  K  h  h 


Umliigocr,  a  large  lake  of  N  Hampfliire^ 
next  in  fize  to  Lake  Winipiftogee.  It 
lies  in  Grafton  co.  and  a  fmall  part  of  it 
in  Maine. 

Unadilla,  a  tiver  of  the  State  of  New- 
York,  called  alfo  Tianaderha,  runs  fouth- 
ward,  and  joining  the  main  branch, 
forms  Chenango  River. 

Unadilh^  a  pofl:  town  of  N.  York,  Otfe- 
go  CO.  on  the  northern  fide  of  the  main 
branch  of  Chenango  River.  It  is  about 
1 10  miles  S  W  of  Albany,  and  458  from 
Wafliington,  and  has  828  inhabitants. 
Unaka  Mounid'in.  See  TenneJJ'de. 
Un.irrJ^  a  tribe  of  the  Delaware  Indians, 
conlidered  as  the  head  of  that  nation. 

Underhill^^  townfliip  of  Vermont,  Chit- 
tenden CO.  I  z  miles  E  of  Colchefter,  and 
contains  212  inhabitants. 

Unicorn,  a  pofl  town  in  Lancafter  co. 
Pennfylvania,  124  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

Union,  a  diflricl  of  S.  Carolina,  contain- 
ing 10,235  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,697 
are  flaves.  It  fends  two  reprefentativea 
and  one  fcnator  to  the  State  Legiflature. 
Chief  town,  Pinckneyville.  At  the  court 
houfe  there  is  a  pofl  office; 

Union,  a  rocky  townfliip  in  Tolland  co. 
Connecticut,  W  of  Woodftotk,  and  about 
12  miles  NE  of  Tolland.  It  has  767  in- 
habitants. 

Union^  a  townfliip  of  Alaine,  Lincoln 
CO.  at  the  head  of  Mufkongus  River,  con- 
taining 573  inhabitants.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1786,  and  is  290  miles  from 
Boflon. 

Union.)  a  pofl  town  of  N.  York,  Tioga 
CO.  on  the  N  fide  of  Sufquehannah  R^iver^ 
and  W  of  the  mouth  of  Chenango,  I2X 
miles  S  E  by  E  of  Williamfliurg,  on  Gen- 
elTee  River,  24  E  N  E  of  Athens,  or  Tio- 
ga Point,  92  S  W  of  Gcoperflown,  340  N 
hv  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  390  from 
Wafliington.    It  has  927  inh<?bitants. 

Union  River,  in  tiie  county  of  Hancock, 
Maine,  empties  into  Blue  Hill  Bay,  on 
the  E  fide  of  Penobfcot  Bay.  Long-If]- 
and,  in  this  bay,  is  in  lat;  44  25,  and 
long.  67  45. 

Union  Torvn,  in  the  MifTifippi  Territo- 
ry, Pickering  co;  containing  41  inhabit- 
ants. 

Union  Tnivn,  a  pofl  town  of  Peunfylva- 
nia,  Fayette  co.  on  Rcdflone  Creek.  It 
contains  a  church,  a  flone  gaol,  and  a 
brick  court  houfe,  about  80  dwelling- 
houfcs,  and  1,7 19  people.  Near  it  are 
two  valuable  merchant  mills.  It  is  the 
feat  of  the  countv  courts,  and  is  14  miles 

Sby 


u  N  r 


0  N  r 


5  by  S  of  Brownfviile,  where  Redftonc  ; 
Creek  enters  the  Monongahela,  58  miles 
SLof  Pittfburg,  24  N  E  of  Morpantown, 
ki  Virpnia,  327  W  of  Philadelphia,  and 
a.32  from  Wafliington. 

Uf'ittis,  a  village  of  N.  Carolina,  fjtuat- 
ed  at  the  head  of  Gargal's  Creek. 

United  States.  The  United  States  of. 
America,  eXclufivc  of  Louifiaua,  occupy, 
perh?.p.?,  the  39.th  part  of  the  habitable 
gio'^e,  and  the  199th  part  of  the  whole, 
'i'hty  are  claiTed  in  3  grand  diviliona* 

J.    Tl'e  NEW^E.i GLAN.D-,  cr  Eastern, 
cr  Ncr.THERN  States. 

p^crmont,  D'ljina  of  M^iim, 

Nnr-Hampjhir*,'  Rhode- JJl.ind,  £.nd 

][>f  Jj'jchi<fctts,  inclu.       Corunillcut. 

W.    Th  MIDDLE  States.. 

N-iv-Trrk,  Olio,. 

P.nfylvaniay  and 

Dela-vare,  Wayne,. 

III.    T/'^  Southern  States.. 

Maryland,  Tcnncjfee, 

p^irg'tniay  South  Carolina^ 

Kfntucly,  Georcrh,  and 

Nortb-Carclway.  Mijjifipp'i    Tsrr'itor^y. 

To  thtfe  may  now  be  added,  the  vafi 
ipoaiury  of  Louiliana.  The  whole  terri- 
tory now  under  the  govtrnmcnt  of  the 
United  State?,,  is  generally  defcribed  in 
the  Appendix,  iindcr  the  head  of  Fredo- 
nia  ;    which  fee. 

The  above  grand  divillons,  as  alfo  ths 
difFerent  Statcs,have  already  been  defcrib- 
ed; to  which  we  refer  the  reader.  The  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States,  before  Loui- 
fiana  was  annexed,  was  in  length  1,250 
miles, and  in  breadth  i,040,lyi.ng  between 
71  and  46  N  lat.  and  between  64  and  96 
W  long,  from  London  ;  bounded  N  and 
E  by  Erilifli  America,  or  the  provinces 
of  Upper  and  Uower  Canada,  and  New- 
Brunfwick  ;  S  E  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  ; 
S  by  Eafl  and  Wtft  Florida,  and  W  by 
the  river  Mifllllppi.  A<:cording  to  Mr, 
Hutchins,  it  contained,  by  computation, 
a  million  of  fquarc  miles,  in  which  arc 

640,000,000  acres 
Dedudt  for  water  51,000^000 


}589, 


Acres  of  land  in  the 

United  States 
The  largcO:  rivers  that  border  upon,  or 
pais  throi\ph  the  United  States,  are  Mif- 
filippi,  Ohio,  and  TacudTcc,  on  the  W 


fide  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains;  itS 
the  Alatamaha,  Savann?h.  Santee,  Cape 
Fear,  Roanoke,  Jamep,  Patowmac,  Suf- 
quehf^n^ah,  Delaware, Hudfon,  Ccnncdl- 
icut,  Merrimack,  Pifcataqua.  Androfcog- 
gin,  Kennebeck,  and  Penobfcot,  whofe 
geneial  courfes  are  from  N  W  and  N  to* 
.S  E  and  S,  and  which  empty  inio  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  The  United  Stsles  embo- 
fom  Ibme  of  the  largift  lakes  in  the 
world.  The  moft  remarkr>b!e  lie  in  a 
chain  along  their  noitherr.  boundary 
upon  the  Canada  line,  and  t>re  I>akes  Su- 
perior, Mich:;»an,  Huron,  Eric,  Ontario, 
C'hamplaine,  George,  Memp!\remagog, 
Umbagog,  CherAunkook,  and  Moofchead 
liake.  The  moil;  remarkable  fwamps 
are  Ekanfanoka,  nearly  300  m.iles  in  cir- 
cun^fertnce  in  the  State  of  Georgia  ;  the 
two  Difiiials  in  North-Carolina,  of  im»- 
menfe  extent,  each  containing  a  large 
lake  in  its  ceiitre  ;  and  BufFalcc  Swamp^ 
in  the  north-weftcrn  parts  of  Pennfylva- 
nia.  ')  he  principal  mountains  in  the 
United  States  arc  Agamenticus,  in  Maine;, 
the  White  Mountains  and  Monadnock, 
in  New-Hampfliire  ;  Wachufett,  in  Maf- 
fachufett^i  ;  the  Green  Mountains,  in 
Vermont ;  and  the  Allcgliany  Mountains,, 
about  9C0  miles  in  length,  and  from  150 
to  250  in  breadth.  The  face  of  the  coun- 
j  *''y»  generally  fpeaking,  is  agreeably  va- 
I  riegated  with  plainsand  mountains,  vales 
i  and  hills.  New-England  is  an  uneven,.. 
I  hilly  and  rocky  country.  A  broad  fpscCv 
;  including  all  the  branches  of  the  Alleg- 
hany Mountains,  commencing  at  Hud~ 
fon's  River  in  New-York,  and  extending 
eircuitouHy  fouth-weflcriy  through  all  the 
States  wcftwardand  fuuthv/ard,  Delaware 
excepted,  is  mountainous.  Eaftward  of 
fcliefe  mountains,  quite  to  the  fea-coafV,  a. 
border  of  from  60  to  ico  miles,  and 
fometimss  more,  in  breadth,  is  a  remark- 
ably level  country,  and  in  the  foutherii 
States  free  of  ftone.  Weft  of  this  r-ange 
of  mountains,  is  a  fine  and  charmingly 
diverfificd  country,  well  watered,  fertilc,- 
temperate  in  climate,  and  incrcaGng  in 
population  with  unexampled  rapidity.. 
Every  fpecies  of  foil  that  the  earth  af- 
fords may  be  found  in  the  United  States ; 
and  all  the  various  kinds  of  fruits,  grain, 
pulfe  and  garden  plants  and  roots  which 
are  found  in  Europe  ;  befidcs  a  great  va- 
riety of  native  vegetable  production?. 
Tobacco,  rice,  indigo,  wheat,  torn,  cot- 
ton,  rye,  oats,  barley,  buck-wheat,  fl^r, 
and  hemp,  are  among  the  principal  pro- 
du(^on»   of    the    Uatited   States,     Th* 

Units4 


^UKl 


IJ  -H  \ 


':United  States  conflitute  a  Republic,  con- 
fifling  of  17  feparAtc,  indqicndeuc  States, 
^bclides  fevcral  territorial  governments) 
ixaving  governors,  conftitutions  and  laws 
of  their  own,  uiiiced  under  a  general,  fed- 
eral ccnftituticn  of  government,  adminif- 
tered  by  an  eleiStive  head,  and  t)y  a.pro- 
.portionatc  number  of  reprefcutativcs  of 
the  people  from  all  the  States.  The 
mercliants  of  this  country  carry  on  an 
-Cxtcnfive  foreign  trade  with  Ruflia,  Swe- 
den, Denmark,  Kamhurgh,  United  Neth- 
erlands, Great-Britain,  Aullrian  Nether- 
lands and  Germany,  France,  Spain,  Por- 
tugal, and  Italy,  in  Europe — with  Mo- 
rocco, and  feveral  other  parts  of  Africa — 
•with  China,  and  various  Afiatic  countries, 
■and  the  Eaft-India  Iflands — with  4:he 
Weft-Indies,  and  the  N  W  coaft  of  N. 
America.  The  principal  articles  export- 
ed are  fiili,  lumber,  live  ftock,  htcf,  pork, 
flour,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  rice, 
indigo,  flax-feed,  pot  and  pearl  allies, 
iron,  &c.  There  were,  in  1803,  54  banks 
•in  the  United  States  ;  of  thefe  34  were  E 
of  Philadelphia,  Tlie  number  of  ftock- 
iholders  in  the  funds  of  the  United  States, 
*in  i8o3,e3ftof  Philadelphia,  was  7,971, 
-who  draw  annually  1,785,443  dolls.;  fouth 
of  Philadelphia,  137s,  who  drew  annually 
340,4.35.  'The  exports  of  the  year  end- 
ingSept.  30, 1 7 96, amounted  to  67,064,095 
dollars.  S>x  years  before,  the  value  of 
exports  WAS  but  about  18  million*  of  dol- 
lars. The  aggregate  amoimt  of  exports 
in  180 1,  was  7 1,957,144 dolls.;  ia  1803, 
55,800,033  dollars.  The  tea  import- 
ed into  the  United  States,  in  1791,  di- 
rectly from  China,  was  2,601,852  lbs. 
The  export  of  faltcd  beef  and  pork,  in 
1791,  was  66,000  barrels,  i'hc  fifliing 
trade  of  the  United  States  is  K;hdered  pe- 
culiarly important  as  a  means  of  defence 
or  of  annoying  the  commerce  orf  hoftile 
nations.  The  filliermen  may  be  tranf- 
muted  by  war  immediately  into  a  corps 
of  privatecrfmen,  and  their  fliips  into 
•private  vcireU  of  war.  A  tax  of  zo  cents 
a  month,  on  eachfeaman,  while  a<5lually 
-employed,  has  been  laid  by  Congrefs,  to 
form  a  fund  for  the  relief  of  lick  and  dif- 
abled  feamen.  The  whole  fum  collei5led, 
from  the  commencement  of  the  c(lablifl> 
ment,  to  the  3Cth  of  June,  1803,  was 
544,079  dolU.  SS  cents.  Of  this  22,067 
dolls.  81  cents,  have  been  deducted  from 
the  pay  of  feamen  employed  in  public 
fervice,  and  212,011  dolls.  74  cents  from 
chat  of  feamen  in  private  fcr  vice.  Near- 
ly a  ihird  ^art  cf  this  fum  has  beea  col- 


leAcd  in  the  fingle  State  of  Mafrachufetis. 
From  this  fund  marine  hofpilais  h<i"e  been 
erevfted  at  Norfolk,  in  Virginia,  and  at 
Charleftown,  in  Maffachufetts ;  the  litter 
coft  14,000  dollars.  The  capital  ports 
for  large  fliips,  in  the  United  States  ftand 
thus  ranked:  Newport,  in  Rhode-lHand; 
Portland,  in  Maine  ;  and  N.  York.  Sev- 
eral important  branches  of  mnnufatfturcs 
have  grown  up  and  flv:)uriflied  with  a  ra- 
pidity which  furprifes  ;  affording  an  e&- 
couraging  affurance  of  fuccefs  in  future 
attcmprs.  Religion  here  is  placed  on  its 
j  proper  baGs,  without  the  feeble  and  un- 
wrirranted  aid  of  civil  power,  and  is  left 
to  be  fupportcd  by  its  own  evidence,  by 
the  lives  of  it6  profefTors,  and  by  the  al- 
mighty care  of  its  Divine  Author.  The 
following  denominations  of  Chriuians  are 
more  or  Itfs  numerous,  viz  Congrega- 
tionalifts,  Frefb)  terians,  Epifcupalians, 
Dutch  Pvcformed  Church,  B=ptifts,  Qua- 
kers, Methodilts,  Roman  Carhoiics,  Ger- 
man Lutherans,  German  Calvinifts,  Mo- 
ravians or  United  iSretkren  of  the  Epif- 
copal  church,  Tunkcrs,  Menncnifts,  Uni- 
vcrfalifts,  and  Shakers.  There  are  a  fevf 
Jews  ;  and  many  who  rejeA  revealed  re- 
ligion as  unneceflary,  inconver  icnt,  and 
fabulous,  and  plezd  the  fufficiciuy  of 
natural  religion.  In  1800,  ther';  \irere 
5,305,666  inhabitants  in  the  Unitcfi 
States  ;  893,605  of  whom  v/ere  flares. 
The  prefeut  number  is  probably  nearly 
fix  millions,  made  up  of  almoft  all  the 
different  nations  of  Europe,  but  princi- 
pally Off  the  defcendauts  of  the  Englifh 
nation.  The  military  ftrength  of  this 
country  lies  in  a  well-difciplined  militia 
of  about  900,000  brave  and  independent 
freemen,  and  an  army  of  about  3  or  4,003 
men  to  defend  the  frontiers  of  the  Union, 
and  to  man  the  feveral  fortreflcs  in  the 
different  parts  of  the  United  States.  The 
eftimates  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treaf- 
ury  itr  the  fervicc  of  the  year  1804^ 
were — 

DoHs.       Crs. 

For  the  civil  lifl,  564,308     6% 

Mifcellaneous  expcnfcs,         183,496     50 
For  intercourfe  with  for- >  ,,^^^^ 

eign  nations,                     J     '^  ^  -^ 
For  the  military  depart-")  5,, 

ment,  '  ^^(>3..5Z       9 

For  the  naval  eflablifirment,  650,000 


Total,  2,421,056     27 

Sec  America,  iV.  America,  and  FreJonia, 
in  the  Appendix. 

Unityy  a  Xcttlemcnt  in  Keanebeck  co. 


U  R  A 


U  T  R 


Mainr,  8  miles  W  of  Sidney,  oppofite 
Vail alborough,  and  15  miles  N  VV  of 
Hallnwell.     It  lits  on  Sandy  River,  about 

16  miies  from  its  mouth. 

Unity,  a  towi-ifliip  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
Chelliire  co.  a  few  miles  N  E  of  Ciiarlef- 
town.  It  was  incorporated  in  1764,  and 
contains  902  inhabitant?. 

Unity  T^iony  in  Montgomery  co.  Ma- 
ryland, lits  a  or  3  miles  from  Patuxent 
River,  11  from  Aiontgomcry  court  houfe, 
and  24  northerly  of  the  ciiy  of  Wafliing- 
tou. 

Up^trhaivar.an,  or  temifcamairr^  a  Cana- 
dian fett!tnitnt  in  N.  America,  in  lat.  47 

17  30  N. 

Upper  Alloivays  Creei,  in  Salem  co.  N. 
Jcrfcy. 

Upptr  Bald  Eaglcy  a  townfliip  of  Pcnn- 
fjlvania,  Mifflin  co. 

Upper  Freihdd^  a  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Monmouth  co.  h.'.s  Freehold  on  the  E,  It 
contained,  in  1790,  3,442  inhabitants. 

Upper  Gretit  A^onaJnock^  in  the  town- 
ihip  of  Ltnnngton,  in  the  N  E  corner  of 
Vermont,  on  ConnccSlicut  River. 

Upper  Hano'Uir^  a  townfliip  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania,  Montgomery  co. 

Upper  TAarlborohghy  a  pofl  town  of  Ma- 
ryland, 16  miles  S  E  of  Bladenlburg,  15 
N  E  of  Pifcatav.-ay,  and  18  fxom  Walh- 
ington. 

Upper  Mlljhrd,  a  townfliip  of  Pcnnfyl- 
vania,  Northampton  county. 

Upper  Penns  Neck,  a  townfliip  of  Js\ 
Terfey,  Salem  county. 

Upper  SauiOy  a  place  in  N.  Carolina,  on 
Dan  P>.iver,  shout  200  miies  from  Halifax. 

Uf-tier  Suvage  IJlanJs^  in  Hudibn's  Bay. 
N  lat'.  6z  3'i  30,  W  long.  70  48. 

Uptight  B.}\,  near  the  W  end  of  the 
Straits  of  Magellan.  S  lat,  i3  S,  W 
long.  75  35. 

Upton,  a  townfliip  of  Manaclmfetts, 
Worcefler  co.  containing  854  inhabit- 
ants, difperfed  on  13,000  acres  of  land, 
fiivourablc  for  orcharding,  paflurage  and 
graf=;.  It  is  W  of  Sherburne,  15  miles  $ 
E  of  Worctflcr,and  38  S  W  of  Bofton. 

Upton,  a  village  in  tl;e  townfliip  of  Still- 
V!i\ftx,  in  N.  Yoik. 

Uiatho,  a  river  on  the  E  coail  of  S. 
America,  is  iS  leagues  W  N  W  of  Cau- 
rora  River. 

Ur/rgi'tx,  a  province  in  the  E  divifion  of 
Paraguay,  in  S.  Americ.t,  wiioi'e  cliicf 
town  is  Los  Reyes. 

Uranf,  a  riv'cr  en  the  N  coafl:  of  S. 
Americ.T,  which  fnters  tl.e  ocean  abiesfl: 
of  the  vsTtflvrnmoU  of  the  f'tritas  Iflantis, 


about  3  leagues  weftward  of  Comanr* 
Bay.  It  only  admits  fmall  boats  and  ca- 
noes.    Otchier  Bay  is  W  of  it. 

Urbanna,  a  fmall  pofl  town  of  Virginia, 
Middlefex  co.  S  W  fide  of  Rappahan- 
nock River,  %%  miles  from  Stingray  Point, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  7  3  S  E  of  Frcd- 
erickfburgh,  73  E  by  S  of  Richmond,  and 
145  from  Wafliington.  Wheat  is  fliip- 
ped  from  this  to  Europe,  and  Indian 
corn,  &c.  to  N.  England,  Nova-Scotia, 
a»d  the  W.  Indies. 

Urvaig^  or  Urvaiga,  a  province  of  S. 
America  ;  bounded  by  Guayra  on  the  N, 
the  mouth  of  Rio  de  la  Plata  S,  the  cap- 
tainry  of  del  Rey  E,  and  Parana  W, 
from  which  it  Is  divided  by  the  river  of 
that  name.  Its  extent  is  from  lat.  a.T 
to  33  20  S  ;  the  length  from  N  E  to  S  i: 
being  fomev.-hat  a'.iove  aio  leagues,  and 
the  breadth  from  E  to  W,  where  broad- 
cfl,  130,  but  much  narrower  in  other 
parts.  It  is  divided  by  the  river  Urvaiga, 
or  Uruguay,  into  the  E  and  W  parts. 
This  river  runs  above  400  leagues,  the 
upper  part  with  a  prodigious  noife  among 
rocks  and  ftoncs,  and  falls  into  the  La 
Plata  nearly  oppolitc  Buenos  Ayres. 

Uiaivas,  a  river  wliich  divides  Upper 
and  L.  Canada,  and  falls  into  Jtlus  Lake, 
n8  milts  S  W  of  Qnebec.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  Timmilkamain  360  mile* 
from,  its  mouth  ;  85  miles  above  it  is  call- 
ed Montreal  River. 

Utico,  a  toAvn  of  Oneida  co.  N.  York, 
on  the  S  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  3 
miles  from  Wiiittfoorough.  This  place, 
with  Whitcfborough  and  New-Hartford, 
form  the  townfliip  of  Whiteflown.  Uti- 
ca  rtands  on  the  fcite  of  Old  Fort  Schuy- 
ler, and  is  well  fituated  for  trade,  as  the 
articles  of  c<mmerce  which  pafs  up  and 
down  the  Mohawk,  are  landed  here.  It 
bids  fair  to  be  a  place  of  great  import- 
ance, Its  increafe  lias  been  remzrka* 
ble.  In  the  year  1794,  there  were  only 
two  houfes  on  this  I'pot.  Now,  (in  1804) 
it  has  fcveral  handfome  flreels  laid  out 
and  built  with  genteel  houfes,  and  large 
ftorcs,  and  contains  about  2,oco  inhabit- 
ants. Here  is  a  large  commodious  hotel, 
of  brick,  two  printing-offices,  where 
ncwfpapers  are  printed  that  have  an  cxi 
renfive  circulation;  alfo  two  bookflore«. 
There  is  a  bridge  aciofs  the  Mohawk 
oppofite  this  town. 

Utreehi,  NetVy  a  townfhip  of  N.  York, 

King's  CO.  Long-lfland.     It  has  a  Dutch 

church,  and  contains  778  inhabitanls.    It 

is  7  or  B  mile*  fcuthward  gf  N-  York  city, 

Uxbid^c^ 


V  A  L 


V  A  U 


Uxlty^e,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetts,  [, 
Worccfler  co.  41  miles  S  W  of  Bofton.  It  j 
was  taken  from  Mendon,  and  incorpo-  j 
rated  in  1727,  and  Northbridge  was  af-  j 
tcrAvards  taken  from  it.  It  c<intains  i8o  1 
dwelling-houfes,  and  1,404  inhabitants.  It  j 
is  bounded  S  by  Rhode-Iiland.  Not  far  j 
from  Shoe-log  Pond,  in  the  S  W  part  of  t 
the  town,  there  is  an  iron  mine  which  is  ; 
improved  to  couflderable  advantage,  { 


V. 


r  ACCASy  Cjyo,  one  of  the  Tortuga«,  or 
Florida  Keys,  eaihvard  of  Bahia  Honda  ; 
the  diftance  between  them  is  4  leagues, 
and  the  coad  in  its  direction  turns  to  the 
northward.  On  the  S  fide  of  Cayo  Vac- 
cas,  about  8  miles  fiom  the  W  end,  there 
are  v/eils  of  frelli  water.  A  tliick  range 
of  ifles  go  by  this  name,  Bahia  Honda 
is  in  lat.  ■24  35  N. 

Faccoy  called  alfo  the  Coivs,  or  N'cat^s 
Tongue,  a  low  point  on  the  W  coaft  of 
Chili,  in  3.  America,  which  bounds  the 
bay  of  Tonguey  W. 

Vachcy  or  C01VS  I/Ia/iJA'its  on  the  S  coaft 
of  the  Ibuthern  pcninfula  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  is  about  4^  leagues  long,  and  in  the 
broadeft  part  a  league  and  a  half  from 
N  to  S.  The  S  point  is  3  leagues  E  of 
Point  Abacou  ;  and  in  la.t.  18  4  N,  and 
long,  from  Paris  76  j  W.  It  has  a  very 
good  foil,  with  Z  or  3  tolerable  ports,  and 
lies  very  conveniently  for  trade  with  the 
jSpanilh  colonies  on  the  continent,  and 
with  Cayenne.  The  feamen  call  this 
Alli  Ifland,  a  corruption  fiom  Vafli,  as  it 
is  pronounced. 

facb,  et  le  Torreav^  or  Coiv  and  Bull 
Mocks,  on  the  S  coafl  of  Newfoundland  111- 
■«ind,  are  about  a  mile  S  E  of  Cape  St.  Ma- 
ry, which  is  the  point  between  the  clecp 
bay  of  Placentia  W,  and  St.  Mary's  Bay 
E.  They  are  fair  above  water,  but  there 
are  others  near  them  which  lurk  under 
water. 

Fae\  If  and,  Anthony,  a  fmall  ifland  on 
the  E  coaft  of  Brazil,  in  S.  America-  It 
lies  S  of  the  fandy  Reccif,  and  oppofite,  it 
is  joined  to  the  continent  by  a  bridge. 

Faifeaux  J  (land.  Oil  the  N  fl)  ore  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

FalaJolid,  or  Falladalid,  called  by  the 
Indians  Comayagua,  is  the  chief  city  of 
the  province  of  Honduras,  in  New  Spain. 
It  is  the  feat  of  the  Governor,  and  is  a 
bifhop's  fee  fuifragan  of  Mexico,  finct 
the  year  1558.  It  is  on  a  plain,  30  mites 
W  yl  the  Gulf  of  Honduras,  ryo  S  W  of 


TruxIIIo,  and  65  S  E  of  Mcrida.     N  lat 
14  10,  W  long.  51  zf. 

Faldi'via,      See  Baldl"Jia. 

Valerc'ia^  a  town  in  the  province  of  C:^* 
racas,  on  Terra  Firma,  about  80  miles  N 
of  Baraquicimeto,  and  250  W  of  Cuma- 
ua.     N  lat.  10,  Wlong.  67. 

Valley  Forge,  a  place  on  Schuylkill  Riv- 
er, i5  miles  from  Philadelphia.  Hero 
Gen.  Waihington  remained  witii  his  ar- 
my, in  huts,  during  the  winter  of  1777, 
after  the  Britifli  had  taken  poiTeflion  of 
that  city. 

Falparalfo,  a  large  and  populous  town 
of  Chili,  in  S.  America,  having  a  harbour 
forming  the  port  of  St.  Jago,  in  iat.  2^  % 
36  S,  and  long.  77  29  W.  It  is  390  miles 
E  of  the  ifland  of  Juan  Fcrnandes.  From 
this  port  the  principal  part  of  the  com- 
merce of  the  kingdom  is  carried  on,  on 
account  of  its  acntral  fituation.  The  dif- 
tance  of  this  port  from  St.  Jago  was  for- 
merly 30  leagues,  but  by  a  new  and  ex- 
penfive  road  through  fwamps  and  over 
hills,  it  is  reduced  to  22  leagues.  The 
diftance  from  St.  Jago  to  Buenos  Ayres  is 
20  days  journey  for  the  poft ;  after  you 
pafs  the  Andes  eaftward,  the  road  is 
through  an  entire  defert,  without  any 
fort  of  vegetation,  perfcClIy  level,  without 

even  a  hillock.  Fancowuer. 

Fancou-vers  Fort,  in  Kentucky,  ilands 
at  the  junction  of  the  two  branches  of 
Big  Sandy  River,  20  miles  N  of  Harmar'a 
Station. 

Fan  Dyhes,  Jo(l  and  Little,  two  of  the 
fmaller  Virgin  Iflands,  N  W  of  Tortola. 
N  lat.  T 8  25,  W  long.  63  ij. 

Fanjlo'um,  in  the  country  of  the  Cher- 
okees,  on  a  branch  of  Alabama  River. 

Frfe  River,  au,  empties  into  the  Milll- 
iippi  from  the  N  E,  3  miles  below  the 
Great  Rock,  about  ^5  N  W  by  N  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  about  the  fame 
diftance  N  W  of  Fort  MalTac.  It  is  nav- 
igable into  the  Indiana  Tcnitory,  about 
60  miles,  through  a  rich  country,  abound- 
ing in  extenfive  natural  meadows,  and 
number lefs  herds  of  buiTaloe,  deer,  Sec. 
It  is  about  8  miles  above  Cape  St.  Aato* 
uio. 

Fajfalborovgh,  a  pod  town  of  Kenncbeciv 
CO,  Maine,  on  the  E  fide  of  Kennehtck 
River,  about  half  way  between  HalUj- 
well  and  Win/low,  10  miles  from  Auguf- 
ta,  and  204  miles  N  by  E  of  Boflon.  It 
was  incorporated  in  177 1,  and  contains 
1,1 88  inhabitants. 

Vauclin  Bay,  on  the  E  coaft:  of  the  ifland 
of  Mzirtiiijco,     Vaucliii  Point  forms  the 

5  i'luc 


V  E  N 


T  E  It 


"S  fide  of  Louis  Bay,  on  the  E  coaft  of  the 
fame  ifland. 

Favaoo,  one  of  the  Friendly  Ifiands  in 
the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  about  a  days 
fail  from  Hapaee,  lat.  i8  34  S.  It  is  near- 
ly as  large  as  Tongataboo,  more  lotty,  and 
better  fupplied  with  water. 

Vaaltoii;:^  a  village  of  New  Jerfey,  near 
Bafkenridge,  about  7  miles  S  W  of  Mor- 
riltown. 

Veau^  Ai'fe  a,  a  village  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  S  peninfula  of  St.  Domingo,  5  leagues 
W  by  N  of  Miragoane,  4 1;  eaftward  of 
Petit  Trou,  and  f  y  N  E  of  Les  Cayes. 

FtgOy  or  Concept  ion  tf  la  Vega  RcaU  a 
town  in  the  N  E  part  of  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo,  on  the  road  from  St.  Domingo 
city  to  Daxabon.  It  Is  fixated  ne^r  the 
head  of  Yuna  River,  which  empties  into 
the  bay  of  S.ur.aua;  iz  leagues  N  W  by  W 
of  Cot'uy,  and  about  38  eallerly  of  Daxa- 
bon. It  flands  on  a  beautiful  plain  among 
•the  mountainsion  the  veryfpot  where  Gua- 
iionex^  cacique  of  the  kingdom  of  Magna, 
liad  reCded.  In  14 94,  or  1495,  the  lettle- 
mcnt  of  this  town  was  begun  by  Colum- 
bus. Eight  years  after,  it  had  become  a 
city  of  importance,  and  lomttimes  during 
the  year,  there  were  'z40,goo  crowns  in 
gold,  minted  at  this  place.  It  was  almod 
dcftroycd  by  an  earihquake  in  X564. 

y^ga,  St.  "J ago  dc  U.      Sec  i^pauifi  Toivn. 

Vijjs,  or  Morto  de  Ve':as,  on  the  coaft 
of  Peru,  is  about  half  a  league  from  the 
ifland  of  Lobos. 

Fda,  a  cape  on  the  coaH-  of  Terra  Fir- 
ma,  S.  America,  in  about  lat.  13  N,  and 
long.  7  a  W,  and  about  18  leagues  N  by  E 
■of  the  town  of  La  Hacha. 

Felai^  or  Felafco,  a  port  on  the  W  coafl 
of  New  Mexico,  is  7  leagues  N  W  by  N 
of  tlie  Morro  Ilermoia. 
.  Feliia'a^  a  town  on  and  near  the  head 
of  the  peninfula  of  California,  near  the 
coaO:  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
northerly  from  Anclote  Point.  N  lat. 
about  ao  35.  W  long.  1 1  5  50. 

Funangyt  Fort.      See  Fvrt  Franklin. 

Fcr.ango^  a  county  of  Pennfylvania, 
bounced  N  by  Warren,  E  by  Lycoming, 
S  by  Armftrong  and  Butler,  W  by  Mer- 
cer, and  N  W  by  Crawford.  It  contains 
S89,6zo  acres,  two  townHiips,  and  1,130 
inhabitants.     Chief  town,  Franklin. 

Fenezuelo,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma, 
bounded  E  by  Caracas,  S  by  New  Gra- 
rada,  W  by  Rio  de  la  Hacha,  and  N  by 
the  North  Sea.  It  abounds  with  game  I 
and  wild  beafls,  producing  plenty  of  corn 
twice  a  year,  with  fruits,  fugar,  and  to- 


bacco, and  the  befl:  cocoa  plantations  w 
America.  It  fpreads  round  a  gulf  of  the 
fame  name  that  reaches  near  30  league* 
within  land ;  and  the  middle  of  "ihi« 
country  is  occupied  by  a  lake  20  leagues 
long,  and  30  broad,  with  a  circumference 
of  So,  and  navigable  for  vcflels  of  30  tons. 
It  communicates  with  the  gulf  by  a  (trait, 
oa  which  is  built  the  city  of  Maracaibo, 
which  gives  name  to  both  lake  and  ftrait. 
This  city  is  defended  by  fcveral  forts^ 
which  were  attacked  in  the  lafl  century 
by  Sir  Henry  Morgan,  and  the  whole 
coafl  laid  under  contribution,  and  Mara- 
caibo ranfomcd.  The  province  is  about 
100  leagues  in  length,  and  as  much  ia 
breadth.  It  had  its  name  from  its  fmaU 
lagoons,  which  make  it  appear  like  Ve- 
nice at  the  cntfince  of  the  lake,  'i'hc 
Spaniards  maflacred  above  a  million  of 
the  natives  in  1528.  In  1550,  the  country 
was  again  depopulated  j  when  a  great 
number  of  black  (laves  were  brougkt 
from  Africa,  and  was  one  of  the  princi- 
pal epochs  of  the  intr-odu<5llon  of  negroes 
into  the  W.  Indies.  Soon  after,  a  revolt 
of  the  negroes  was  the  caufe  of  another 
maffacre,  and  Venezuela  became  again  a 
dcfcrl.  At  prefent  it  is  laid  to  contain 
about  100,000  inhabitants,  who  live  tol- 
erably Jhappy,  acdraife  great  numbers  of 
European  (heep.  They  cultivate  tobac- 
co and  fugar,  which  are  famous  over  all 
America.  They  manufadlure  alfo  fome 
cotton  ftu(Fs.  It  has  many  populous 
towns,  and  its  waters  have  gold  fands. 
Its  capital,  of  the  fame  name,  or  Cora, 
(lands  near  the  fea-coa(t,  about  50  miles 
S  E  of  Cape  St.  Roman.  N  lat.  10  30, 
W  long.  70  15. 

Fenczuelo,  a  fpacious  gulf  of  the  fame 
province,  communicating  by  a  narrow 
(trait  with  Maracaibo  Lake. 

Fenta  de  Cruz,  a  town  on  the  ifthmu* 
of  Daricn,  and  Terra  Firma.  Here  the 
Spanifli  merchandife  from  Panama  to 
Porto  Bello  is  .embarked  on  the  river 
Chagre,  40  miles  S  of  the  latter,  and  ao 
N  of  the  former.  N  lat.  9  a6,  W  long. 
81  i6. 

Fiftio  Sierra,  on  the  N  coafl  of  South 
America,  are  mountains  (b  named, behind 
the  land  called  Punta  de  Delrio,  cppofitc 
Tortugas  illand, 

Fera  Cruz,  La,  the  grand  port  of  Mex- 
ico, or  New  Spain,  having  a  fafc  harbour 
protccSled  by  a  fort,  (ituated  on  a  rock  of 
an  ifland  nearly  adjoining,  called  St.  John 
de  Ulloa,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is, 
perhaps,  one  cf  the  moll:  coniiderable  pla- 


TEK 


t^t 


ces  for  trade  in  the  world,  being  the  nat- 
ural centre  of  the  American  treafure, 
and  the  magazine  for  all  the  merchandize 
fcnt  from  New  Spain,  or  tixat  is  tranfport- 
ed  thither  from  Europe.  It  receives  a 
prodigious  quantity  of  Eail  India  produce 
by  way  of  Acapulco,  from  the  Philippine 
Illands.  Mofl:  of  its  houfes  are  huilt  of 
wood,  and  the  number  of  Spanifli  inhab- 
itants is  about  3,000,  mu!attoe»  and 
mongrels,  who  call  themfelve'*  white.  It 
is  rather  unhealthy,  from  the  rank  bogr, 
around  it.  N  lat.  1.9  la,  W  long.  97  30. 
It  is  in  the  E  extremity  of  the  province 
of  Tlafcala,  or  Lo&  Angelos.  At  the  Old 
Town,  15  or  16  miles  further  \V,  Cortez 
landed  on  Good  Friday,  1518,  when,  be 
•kig  determined  to  conquer  or  die,  he  funk 
the  fhips  that  traufporied  his  handful  of 
men  hither.  La  ¥era  Crua  is  iij  miles 
fi  E  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

F'era  Cruz,  La,  an  excellent  harbour 
in  the  Bay  of  San-FeUpe  Sani-Tagc,  on 
the  N  fide  of  the  ilknd  EJpiritu  Sanio. 
See  Tisrra  Aujlral  del  Efpirttu  Santo. 

Veragua,  a  province  of  Terra  Firma 
joining  W  to  Cofla  Rica;  E  to  Panama  ; 
with  the  North  Sea  en  the  N;  and  the 
South  Sea  on  the  S.  The  coaft  was  fir  ft 
difcovered  by  Chriftopher  Columbus  in 
rj03,  to  whom  it  was  granted  with  the 
title  of  Duke,  and  his  poftcrity  flill  enjoy 
ft.  The  province  is  very  mountainous 
woody,  and  barren;  biu  has  inexhaufti- 
ble  mines  of  filver,  and  feme  gold,  the 
duft  of  the  latter  being  foup.d  anjong  the 
fands  of  the  rivers.  Santiago  de  Vera- 
guas,  or  Santa  Fe,  the  capital,  is-  but  a 
poor  place;  and  in  tliis  province  is  the 
river  Veragua,on  which  that  town  ftands, 

Veragua,  the  river  above  mentioned, 
empties  into  the  fea  r2  leagues  S  E  of  the 
civer  or  lake  of  Nicaragua,  in  lat.  laj 
N.  Here  is  a  very  good  port ;  hut  the 
iiland  at  its  mouth  is  foul.  The  beft  an- 
chorage is  on  the  W  and  S  fides  nc:rt  the 
main,  where  fliips  may  ride  under  ihorc 
in  from  8  to  9  fathoms,  and  fafe  from  the 
N  and  E  winds,  that  are  moft  violent  on 
this  coaft^.  Several  iflands  lie  off  the  coaft, 
both  Tingly  and  in  cluflers,  from  this  to 
Capf;  Gracias  a  Dios  ;  to  the  eaftward  is 
Chrigre  River. 

Vera  Paz,  a  province  of  the  audicncT 
iif  Guatimala,  and  New  Spain,  in  North 
America,  It  ha?  the  bay  of  Honduras 
and  Chiapa  N,.  Guatimala  S,  Honduras 
K,  and  Soconuka,  witli  pirt  of  Chiipa  W. 
It  is  ii8  leagues  long,  and  a8  broad.  The 
l*ads  arc  tnountai»uu?>yielding  little  com, 


but  abounding  in  cedar,  ?>:c.  The  prir> 
cipal  commodities  arc  drugs,  cocoa,  cotton* 
\\  ool,  honey,  &c.  Its  capital  of  the  fame 
name,  or  Cohan^  ftands  on  the  W  fide  of  a 
river  which  runs  into  Golfo  Duke,  184- 
miles  E  of  Guatimala.  N  lat,  15  10,  W 
long.  93  15. 

Verde,  or  Green  Jftand,  on  the  N  coafl"- 
of  S.  America,  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  riv- 
er St,  Martha, 

Verde  Key,  one  of  tlie  Bahama  Iflands. 
N  lat.  22  12,  W  long.  75  15. 

Verde,  Porto,  or  Vedta,  is  on  t!ie  N.  At- 
lantic Ocean,  ah  'ut  4^  leagues  S  E  by  F. 
of  Rio  Roxo.  The  ifiand  of  E'.ydoncs  is 
at  the  entrance  of  this  port,  round  which 
iliips  may  fail  on  any  fide,  there  being  7 
fathoms  on  the  N,  where  it  is  flioakTf, 
and  20  fathoms  on  the  S  fide,  where  is 
the  bell  entrance  into  the  river.  This  is 
a  port  of  good  trade,  and  fometimes  large 
fnips  put  in  here.  The  iflands  of  Bayonne 
are  5  leagues  S  of  the  ifland  in  the  mouth 
of  the  port. 

Vcrderonne,  Of  La  Bourlarderie,  an  ifland 
on  the  E  coaft  of  Cape  Breton  liland.  It 
is  7  or  8  leagues  long  ;  and  at  each  end 
is  a  channel,  through  which  the  waters  of 
the  Labrador  Lakes,  in  the  inner  part  of 
Cape  Breton  bland,  difcharge  into  the 
ocean  on  the  E, 

Verc,  a  parifh  of  the  ifland  of  Jamaisr, 
having  Mannry  Bay  in  it  ;  a  very  iccure 
road  for  fliipping. 

Vergenrten,  a  port  town,  and  one  of  the 
moft  growing  and  commercial  towns  of 
Vermont,  in  Addifon  co.  on  0;tcr  Creek, 
about  6  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Lake 
Champ'ain.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and' 
contains  a  Congregational  church,  and  a 
gaol.  In  its  neighbourhood  are  fevtrai 
mills.  It  is  115  miles  N  of  Bennington, 
22  S  of  Burlington,  407  N  E  by  N  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  519  from Wafliington.  The 
townfliip contains  516  inhabitants. 

Verina,  a  Imall  village,  and  SpaniOi 
plantation  of  New- Andalulia,  and  Terra 
Firma,  S.  America.  Its  tobacco  is  repi-.t- 
cd  the  beft  in  the  world.  It  lies  60  miles 
£of  Cumana» 

Vermeja,  or  VermUlon  Bay,  ort  the  N 
(liore  ot  the  Gulf  of  A^exico,  or  coaft  of 
Louifiana.  It  is  N  W  of  Afcenfion  IJay, 
in  about  lat,  30  N,  and  long.  92  W. 

Vermejo,  or  Bermeh,  an  iTinnd  and  port 
on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  2  degrees  N,  and  a 
little  W  of  Lima.  It  is  4  leagues  from 
Mongon  N,  and  6  from  Guarmey  Port  S. 

VeifniHlas  Barryeras.  on  the  Coaft  of 
Brazil,  between  the  iilaad  of  St.  John's 

-    and 


V  E  11 


V  E  R 


tuna  Sypcmba  Ifland,  which  arc  7  leagues 
aiundcr.  Here  is  a  large  bay  with  good 
anchorage. 

p'ermUliar,  Purplf,  or  Re^  Sea,  a  name 
giveu  by  ferae  to  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Vermillion  Point,  called  alfo  Long  Point, 
is  the  peuinfuia  between  Eay  Paan  and 
3[^akc  Michigan. 

Vermillion  River,  in  the  Indiatia  Terri- 
tory, runs  N  W  into  Illinois  River,  near- 
ly oppofite  the  S  W  end  of  Little  Rocks, 
«nd  267  miles  from  the  Mifijfippi.  It  is 
30  vards  wide,  but  fo  rocky  as  not  to  be 
navigable. 

Verviillton  Indian.:  relide  210  miles  tip 
tlie  Miami  of  the  Lake. 

Vermont,  one  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  ties  between  lit.  42  44  and  45 
N,  and  between  long.  7^  3^  «nfl  73  25 
W.  It  is  bounded  N  by  L.  Canada  ;  E 
by  N.  Hampfliire^  from  which  it  is  fcpa- 
rated  by  Conne<9:icut  River  ;  S  by  Maf- 
iachufetts  ;  and  W  by  the  State  of  N. 
York.  No  part  of  the  State  is  nearer 
than  70  or  80  miles  of  any  part  of  the 
ocean.  Computing  by  the  latitudes,  the 
length  of  the  State  from  the  fouthern  to 
the"  northern  boundary  is  157^  miles: 
the  mean  width  from  E  to  W  is  about  65 
miles  :  this  will  give  10,237?;  fquare  miles 
of  land  and  water.  It  is  divided  into  1 1 
counties,  viz,  thofe  on  Connevfticut  Riv- 
er from  S  to  N  are  Windham,  Windfor, 
Orange,  Caledonia,  and  ElFcx  ?  in  a  limi- 
lar  diredlion,  along  the  N.  Yoik  line,  arc 
the  counties  of  Bennington,  RutLind,  Ad- 
difon,  Chittenden,  and  Franklin,  between 
x^'hich  laft  and  EiTex  lies  the  county  of 
Orleans,  on  the  N  line  of  the  State.  Thefe 
are  fuhdivided  into  upwards  of  230  town- 
fliips,  which  are  generally  6  miles  fquarC;* 
a  part  of  vhich  were  granted  hy  the 
governor  of  N.  Hamplliire,  and  the  oth- 
er part  by  Vermont.  In  thofc  townfliips 
j^rantcd  by  the  former,  a  right  of  land  is  |i 
refer ved  for  the  firft  fettled  miniflcr,  one  '■ 
as  a  glebe  for  tlic  the  Epifcopal  church, 
one  for  the  fociety  for  propagating  the 
gofpel,  and  one  for  fupporting  a  town  I 
fchool.  In  thofc  granted  by  th.c  latter,  j 
are  refcrved  a  college  right,  a  right  lor  jj 
the  fi^,pp<)rt  of  county  grarnmar-lchools,  j 
a  right  for  the  fupport  of  tf.wn  Ichools, 
?.nd  a  right  for  the  fupport  of  the  gofpel. 
In  tbcfc  referv.nions,  liberal  provihon  is 
made  for  the  fupport  of  the  gofpel,  and 
for  tlic  promotion  of  common  and  colle- 
giate education.  In  1800,  according  to 
the  cenfuB  then  taken,  the  numt-cr  of  in- 
habitants in  this  State  was  154,465.    The  j. 


people  are  an  induftrioiis,  brave,  haftff/ 
a6live,  frugal  race.     Tlie  foil  is  dtcp,andf 
of  a  dark  colour,  rich,  moift,  warm,  and 
loamy.     It  bears  corn,  wheat,  and  other 
kinds  of  grain,  in  l^rge  quantitie3,as  foon 
as  it  is  cleared  of  the  wood,  without  any 
ploughing  or  preparation  j  and  after  the 
lirft  crops,  naturally  turns  to  rich  paf- 
ture  or  mowing.     The  face  of  the  coun- 
try   exhibits    very    different    profpedls. 
Adjoining   to   the  rivers,   there  arc  the 
wide  extenfive  plains  of  a  fine  level  coun- 
try.    At  a  fmall  diftance  from  them,  the 
land  rifcs  into  a  chain  of  iiigh  mountains, 
interieiSted  with  deep  and  long  vallies. 
Defcending    from    the    mountains,    the 
ftreams  and  rivers  appear  in  every  part 
of  the  country,  and  afford  a  plentiful  fup- 
p!y  of  water.     Through  this  State  there 
is    one    continued   range   of  mountains, 
which    are   called  the    Green   Movnta'nsf 
from  their  perpetual  verdure,  and  gives 
name  to  the  State.     They  extend  from. 
Lower  Canada  S,  through  the  States  of 
Vermont, Mafiathufetts,  and  Conneclicut, 
and  terminate  within  a  few  miles  of  the 
fea-coaft.    Their  genera!  diret-lion  is  from 
N  N  E  to  S  S  W,  and  their  extent  is 
through  a  tra«5t  of  country  not  lefs  than 
400  miles  in  length.     They  are  generally 
from  10  to  15  miles  in  breadth,  are  much 
interfecSbed    Avith    vallies.    abound     with 
fprings  and  ftreams    of  water,    and  are 
covered  with  woods.     Kellington  P-ak,  one 
of  the  highcft  of  the  Green  Mountains, 
i.s  3,454  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.- 
All  the  ftreams   and  rivers  of  Vermont 
rife  among  the  Green  Mountains;   about 
35  of  them  have  an  eaRerly  dirccflion,  anci 
fall   into   C()nnct.n.!cut    River  ;   about  25 
run  wcfterly,  and  pay  tribute  to  Lake 
Champlain.     Two  or   three    running  iir 
the    fame   dirt(5lion    fail    into    Hudion's 
Rivcr^     In  the  north-eaftcr!y  parts  of  the 
State,  4   or   5  flreams  Jiave  a  northerly 
direi^ion,    and    difcharge    their    waters 
into  Lake  Memphremagog;  from  thence 
through  the  river  St.  Erancis,  they  com- 
njunicate   v/ith  the   river   St.  Lawrence. 
The  moft  conftdcrablc  on  the  W  fide  of 
the   Green  Mountains,   are  Otter  Greek, 
Onion  Fliver,  La  Moille,  and  Michilcoui. 
On  the  E  fide  of  the  Green  Mountain?, 
the  rivers  are  not  fo  large  as  tliofc  on  the 
W,  but  the)'^   ?.Tt  more  numerous.     The 
largeO:  arc  Wantafiiquek,  or  Weft;  River,< 
White  River   and   Pooufoomfuck.     The 
earth    is  generally   covered    with    fnow 
from    the    middle    of  December   to  the 
nnddlt  of  ivlitrch,  and  in  hm\i:  high  lands,f 


ViVL 


VIC 


t-0  the  depth  of  4  or  5  feet.  Slrtcc  the 
country  has  been  cleared,  the  winters 
Jiave  proved  mMdcr.  Yeoctatiou  ad\'an- 
CC5  in  the  fpriiig  witii  great  rapidity.  Iron 
and  lead  ores  of  fcvcral  kinds,  pij:e  clay, 
which  has  been  wrovightiiUo  durablecru- 
cibles,  and  vaft  quaAlitits  of  white,  grey, 
and  varie|;at<;dm:u-ble,have  been  found  in 
diirtrcnt  parts  of  this  flatCv  Tlie  trade  of 
Vermont  is  principally  to  Bofton,  Port- 
land, Hartford  and  N.  York  ;  to  which 
places  the  inhabiiants  export  horfes,  beef, 
pork,  butter,  eheefc,  wheat,  flour,  iron, 
nails,  pot  and  pearl  aflies.  Great  advan- 
t-a;.'cs  may  accrue  to  Vermont,  from  tjje 
nr,inufad:ure6<>f  iron*  Lan^e  quantities 
of  iron  «.»re  are  found  in  fcveral  of  the 
tovvnson  the  W  fide  of  ihe  Green  A'loun- 
tidns,  Tinmouth,  Rutland,  Pittsford, and 
;3(:oreham  contain  great  quantities.  TJie 
ore  in  thcfe  towns  is  of  a  rcddith  kind, 
mixed  with  earth,  lindlured  with  yellow 
ore.  It  mdts  cahly,  and  products  from 
on«  fourth  to  one  leventh  of  iron.  Tlie 
iron  is  mollly  of  a  coldfliire  kind  ;  works 
cafily,  and  makes  excellent  nails.  The 
principal  part  of  the  ore  hitherto  uftd, 
has  been  brought  from  a  mountain  on 
the  W  lide  of  Lake  Champlain,  about  4 
miles  N  of  Crown  Point.  Some  grains  of 
pure  iron  nearly  as  big  as  a  pea  have 
been  found  in  this  ore  is  fo  rich,  that, 
■when  well  managed,  it  will  yield  four  fev- 
cnths  of  pure  iron,  but  is  very  hard  to 
melt.  In  179a  feveral  forges  and  furna- 
ces were  eredled.  In  Bennington  co.  they 
have  1  forge;  in  Rutland  co.  14  ;  in  Ad- 
difoH  CO.  4  ;  and  in  Chittenden  co.  2. 
In  addition  to  which  there  are  3  furnaces 
m  P-utland  go.  From  thefe,  great  ^quan- 
tities of  bar  iron  and  nails  are  made.  Na- 
ture, indeed,  fcems  to  have  dcfigned  this 
part  of  t])e  United  States  to  be  the  feat 
of  flourirning  manufactures  of  every  thing 
that  can  be  made  of  iron  or  fteel.  The 
other  chief  nianufaciuies  are  pot  and 
pearl  aflies,  maple  fugar,  and  fpirits  dif- 
ti  lied  from  grain.  Mofc  faniiliesmanufac* 
ture  a  ccnfiderable  part  of  their  clothing. 
No  country  is  more  attentive  to  edu- 
cation". A  charter  for  a  richly  endowed 
univerlity  was  granted  by  the  legillature 
of  this  (late,  in  1 791,  to  be  eflablifl^ed  at 
Burlington  ;  and  3-3,oco  acres  of  land 
liave  been  rcferved,  in  the  feveral  grants 
made  by  tliis  Hate,  for  its  ufe.  In  1800 
a  college  was  incorporated  in  Middlcbury, 
and  Ts  now  in  a  flourifliing  (late.  Com- 
mon fcliools  are  fupportcd  in  almoft  eve- 
ry neighbourhood,  a  confidcrable  part  of 
Vol.  i.  liii 


the  year;  many  of  the  principal  towns 
have  grammar  fchools  ;  arsd  there  are 
academies  in  Bennington,  and  Pcacham. 
In  1792,  the  fiiite  of  the  militia  was  as 
follows  ;  20  regiments  of  infantry,  divid- 
ed into  8  brigades,  and  4  divifions  ;  l^ 
companies  of  cavalry,  and  6  companies 
of  artillery;  the  wholecomputed  at  18,50-0. 
Vermont  fends  four  reprefentatives  to 
Congrcfs,  and  has  been  fettling  only  fince 
about  tlie  year  1764.  The  Indians  were 
never  numerous  here  ;  and  at  preftnt 
there  are  none.  The  amount  of  the  ex- 
ports from  this  ftate  in  iBoi  was  31,47^ 
dollars. 

Vtrnon^  a  place  in  Suffex  co.  N.  Jerfey, 
E  of  the  fource  of  Wall  Kill,  and  abouc 
ai  miles  N  K  of  Njwtown. 

F^rnun,  Aloufd,  the  feat  of  G«n.  V/ani- 
iugtoa.     See  LlQutit  Kerr.on. 

FernoK,  formerly  lUnfdale^  the  S  eaPt- 
ernmofl;  townfliip  in  Windham  co.  Ver- 
mont, on  the  W  bank  of  ConnecSlicut  riv- 
er.    It  contains  480  inhabitants. 

FenetU's,  a  fetthment  in  the  French 
part  of  the  Ifland  of  St.  Domingo,  on  tjic 
S  W  bank  of  Artibouite  river ;  4  miles 
S  by  E  of  the  fcttlcmcnl  of  Petit  Riviere. 

FafaUes^  the  chief  town  of  Woodford 
CO.  Kentucky  ;  fituated  on  a  fmall  ftream 
which  falls  into  I'lentucky  river.  It  con- 
taiijs  a  court  houfe,  Hone  gaol,  and  about 
30  houfes,  and  1 72  inhabitants,  and  bes 
13  miles  W  by  S  of  Lexington,  and  56c 
from  Waihington. 

Fe^Jhire,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  O- 
range  co.  adjoining  Fairlee,and  containing 
103 1  inhabitants. 

Fc't  Bay,  or  Green  Bay,  in  the  fVraits  of 
Northumberland,  in  N.  America,  opers 
to  the  N  E  oppohte  St.  John's  Illand. 
The  head  of  the  buy  approximates  within 
la  miles  of  the  N  eafternmoO:  branch  t3f 
the  Eny  of  Fundy.  It  is  about  10  leagues 
N  W  of  Tatamagauche  Harbour,  and 
fcrvcs  in  part  to  feparate  the  Britifh 
provinces  of  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunf- 
w  ick. 

Ft/fel  Bay,  on  the  E  (liorc  of  Lake 
Champlain,  ftts  up  N  E  in  the  townfljip 
of  Charlotte,  in  Vermont. 

FicicfiisIJlas,  ifles  of  the  BayofHonda,on 
the  coalt  of  Honduras,  or  the  Spanilb  Main. 

Fi£lorfa,  a  town  of  New  Mexico. 

F'icloria,  an  iflaud  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil, E  of  St.  Sebafti:jn's  Ifland. 

FiBory,  Cape^  is  the  extreme  N  W  point 
of  the  flraits  of  Magellan,  at  the  opening 
to  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean.  Slat.  JZ  15,  W 
Ion.  76  40. 

Fi^aryf 


VIM 


VI  N 


Fi^ory,  a  townfhip  of  Vermont,  I^rtcx 
CO.  W  of  Guildhall,  on  Conncclicut  river. 
Ficnna,  a  port  of  entry  and  port  town 
of  the  eaftern  £lior«  of  Maryland,  Dor- 
cheftcr  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  Nanticoke 
river,  about  15  miie$  from  its  mouth.  It 
contains  about  30  houfes,  and  carries  on 
a  brifli  trade  with  the  neighbouring 
lea  ports,  in  lumber,  corn,  wheat,  &.c/ 
Its  foreign  exports  in  1 794,  amounted  to 
1667  dollars.  It  is  15  miles  N  W  of  Sal- 
ifl:>ury  3a  S  S  E  of  Eaflon,  and  izo  from 
Wafliington. 

yienna,  the  capital  of  Greene  co.  Ken- 
tucky, on  the  N  fide  of  Green  river, 
about  158  milts  W  S  VV  of  Lexington. 

Vienna^  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co.  Maine, 
N  of  Fayette,  S  of  New  Sharon  2.5  miles 
1^  W  of  Augufla,  incorporated  io02^  It 
includes  the  late  plantations  «)f  Goiliea 
and  Vv'yman. 

Vienna^  a  poll  town  in  A!>bevillc  co.  S. 
Carolina,  651  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Vienna,  a  towu  in  Ohio  CO.  Kentucky, 
has  a6  inhabitants. 

Villcde  Mnfc,  a  town  in  the  province 
of  Tabafco,  4  leagues  from  the  town  of 
Eftape,  on  Tabafco  river. 

Villa  Hifi-mojl^  a  town  of  Mexico  or  N. 
Sp:;ii!,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river  wiilch 
falls  into  the  Bay  of  Campeachy,  and  Gulf 
of  Mexico. 

Villa  Nooa,  m  Braail,  about  120  miles 
W  of  Porto  Seguro,  and  as  far  3  E  by  S 
oi  Carl  of  1. 

Vilui  Ricj^  or  Al/neria,  a  town  of  Tlaf- 
rala  or  New  S^pain,  in  N.  America.  It 
ftrinds  on  the  coa.^  on  a  fmall  river,having 
an  indifferent  port,  but  in  a  better  air 
than  Vera  Cruz,  ZD  leagues  N  of  the  lat- 
ter. A  cland'cfline  trade  was  formerly 
carried  on  here  between  fome  of  the 
Spanilb  merchants  on  fiiore,  and  the 
Erench  of  St.  Domiipgo  and   Martinique. 

VHUiiyLa,  a  town  and  river  of  Veragua 
and  Guatimala  audience,  in  New  Spain. 
It  is  about  7  leagues  frara  Nata  bordering 
on  Panama.  The  river  is  very  large, and 
at  low  water  breaks  at  the  mouth  as  on  a 
il'at  fliore  ;  fo  that  large  fliips  anchor 
v/ithin  cannon  lbot,but  barks  of  about  40 
tons  may  go  up  about  a  league  and  a  half. 
The  harbour  is  a  quarter  of  a  league 
above  the  town.  About  a  league  to  the 
■windward,  is  a  large  rock,  generally  cov- 
ered with  vail  numbers  of  wild  fowl.        \ 

Vinalhii'vc!!,  a  townlliip  on  the  coaft  of' 
Maine,  Hancock  co.  containing  858  in- 
habitants. It  is  S  E  of  Deer  Ul^uid,  and 
2J0  miles  from  Bofton, 


Vincenneiy  the  capital  of  the  Indiaiui 
Territory,  and  the  feat  of  government, 
ftands  on  the  bank  of  the  Wabafh,  150 
miles  from  its  mouth,  in  lat.  33  N.  It* 
lituation  is  delightful,  being  furroundcd 
by  a  prairie  of  4  miles  in  length  and  one 
in  breadth,  molt  of  which  is  cultivated  by 
the  inhabitants,  the  remainder  is  a  hand- 
fome  meadow  formed  by  nature,  produc- 
ing good  grafs.  The  foil  here  is  inferior 
to  none  in  the  United  States,  yielding 
corn,  lice,  wheat,  tobacco,  hemp,  hops, 
grapes,  &c.  The  Wabafh  is  navigable,- 
moft  of  the  year  as  far  as  this  place,  and 
about  10  miles  below  the  town  is  a  ripple, 
where  mills- may  be  built,  fo  that  the  far- 
mer may  have  his  wheat  manufactured 
on  his  way  to  N.  Orleans;  which  is  a  good 
market  for  all  kinds  of  produce.  Com- 
merce centers  here  ;  the  merchants  brin^ 
their  goods  from  Canada,  down  the  \Va- 
bafli,  from  Orleans  up  the  Miffifippi,  and 
from  the  eaftern  flatcs,  down  the  Ohio 
and  up  the  Wabafli.  It  has  714  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  a  port  town  743  miles  from 
Walbington.  The  fort  ftands  on  the  E 
fide  of  Wabafli  river.  It  was  eredlcd  in 
the  year  1787,  in  order  to  repel  the  in- 
curfions  of  the  Wabafli  Indians,  and  to 
fecure  the  weftern  lands  from  intruding 
fettlers.  It  has  4  fmall  brafs  cannon,  and 
is  garrifoned  by  a  Major  and  2  companies. 
The  town  of  Vincents  contained, in  1792, 
about  1500  fouls»  principally  of  French 
extraction.  It  is  300  miles  S  W  of  Fort 
I  Recovery. 

I  Vincent^  St.  one  of  the  14  captainfliips 
of  Brazil,  and  the  moft  foutherly  one. 
The  capital  is  an  inconfiderable  placf^ 
with  only  about  60  houfes,  and  the  har- 
bour will  not  receive  large  veflels.  Ft 
has  5  or  6  fugar  mills,  and  lies  76  leagues 
S  W  of  Rio  Janeiro.  S  lat.  23  40,  W 
ton.  4 J  10. 

Vinatit,  St,  a  town  on  the  coaft  of  Bra- 
zil ;  fituaced  on  Amiaz  Ifland,  in  the 
Bay  of  Ail  Saints  or  Santflos  ;  in  which 
ifland  is  the  city  of  Dos  SantSlos,  the  I. 
lying  on  the  W  fide  of  the  entrance  into 
the   ifland.     S  lat.   24  15,  W  Ion.  46  30. 

Vincent,  de  la  Faz.es,  St.  or  Onda,  a  towa 
of  Popayau  and  Terra  Firma,  in  S.  A- 
merica  ;  about  25  miles  eaftward  of  St. 
Scbaftian,\vith  a  port  where  canoes  from 
Carthagena  and  St.  Martha  unload  their 
merchandife. 

Vincent,  a  townfliip  of  Fcnnfylvani?^ 
Chefter  county,  has  1354  inhabitants. 

Vincenty  St.  one  of  the  Caribbee  Iflands, 
It  liu  between  61  10,  and  6j  x8  W  Ion, 


VIN 


VIR 


s.na  between  13  5  and  13  19  N  lat.  being 
iabout  17  miles  long  and  about  10  broad. 
On  this  iHind  arc  feveral  mountains, 
xvhich  crofs  it  from  N  to  S,  from  vvliich 
■iflue  22  rivers  capable  of  turning  fugar 
mills  ;  thefe  mountains  are  in  general 
of  an  eafy  afcent  ;  the  rallies  fertile  and 
eitenfive,  and  the  clearing  the  ground 
has  rendered  the  climate  healthy.  Of 
?4,ooo  acres  which  the  ifland  contains, 
23,605  are  at  prefent  poffefl:  by  Britifli 
lubjedls,  and  a;bout  as  much  more  is  fup- 
pofed  to  be  held  by  the  Charaibcs  ;  and 
^he  remainder  is  thought  to  be  incapable 
of  cultivation.  This  is  the  only  ifland 
of  the  Antilles,  where  the  fmall  remains 
of  the  natives  (with  a  mixture  of  negro 
lUood)  cxift  in  the  form  of  a  nation.  At 
the  peace  in  1 763^  the  Britifli  government 
fold  the  lands  of  St.  Vincent,  as  it  had 
thofe  of  Tobago,  and  left  the  French 
(whom  the  fear  of  confifcation  had  not 
(driven  away)  thofe  they  pofTciTcd,  paying  a 
moderate  fine,  and  a  yearly  rent  ftill  more 
moderate.  Thefe  proceedings  encroach- 
ing upon  the  pofleflions  of  the  Charaibes, 
occalioned  their  refiflance,  which  the 
troops  fent  againft  them  conid  not  fubdue, 
and  A  peace  was  concluded  with  ihem  in 
1773,  and  lands  afiigned  them;  fincethat 
time  St.  Vincent  has  enjoyed  internal 
.tranquillity.  The  number  of  inhabitants 
sppcars  to  be  1450  'whites,  and  11,853 
negroes.  St.  Vincent  is  divided  into  4 
pariilies,  St.  David,  St.  Patrick,  St.  An- 
drew, and  St.  George.  Its  towns  are 
Kingfton,  the  capital,  and  Richmond  ;  the 
others  arc  villages  or  hamlets,  at  the  fev- 
eral bays  and  landing  places.  Theiflands 
dependent  on  the  St.  Vincent's  govern- 
ment, are  Bcquia,  containing  3700  acres  : 
Union,  S150  acres  ;  Canouane,  1777 
acres  ;  and  Muftiquc  above  1200 
acres.  Of  the  above  11,853  negroes, 
about  1400  are  employed  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  thefe  iflands.  There  are  likewife 
the  little  iflots  of  Petit  Martinique,  Pttit 
St.  Vincent,  and  Ballefeau,  each  of  which 
produces  a  little  cotton.  The  total  ex- 
ports in  1788,  in  122  vefTels,  from  St. 
Vincent,  amounted  in  vahie,  according  to 
the  currentprices  in  London,  10/^186,450 
14  :  8,  including  exports  to  the  American 
Hates,  to  the  value  of  £got^  :  1  ;  8  fter- 
ling.  The  cargoes  confifted  of  65,1  iScwt. 
iqr.  271b.  fugar,  88,266  gallons  rum  ; 
9656  gallons  molaffes  ;  634cwt.  iqr.  51b. 
coffee  ;  76i,88olbs.  cotton  ;  i43cwt.  241b. 
rocoa  ;  befide  hides,  dying  woods,  &.c. 
Here  they  cultivate  cinnamon,  margo. 


fefamum,  vanilla,  China  tallowtree,  cam- 
phor, gumftorax,  &c.  It  is  about  20 
leagues  \V  of  Earbadocs. 

Vincent y  Port  St.  on  the  coafl:  of  Chili,  in 
the  S.  Pacific  Octan,  is  6  miles  N  N  E  of 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Biobio,  having  a 
fafe  harbour,  and  fecure  agaiiifl:  all  vv-iads 
but  the  W,  which  blows  right  in.  Talca- 
guama  Port  is  6  miles  to  the  N  of  it. 

Vincento,  a  channel  on  the  W  fide  of  th€ 
channel  of  Am.iaz  111  and,  in  the  Bay  of 
All  Saints,  on  the  coafl  of  Brazil. 

finer  s  J/tarid,  in  Hudfon's  Bay,  lies  N 
E  of  the  mouth  of  Albany  river. 

FineyarJy  Netv,  a  towniliip  in  Kenne- 
beck  CO.  Maine,  on  the  two  N  eaflern- 
moft  branches  of  Sandy  river,  has  336  in- 
habitants, about  fifty  nine  miles  N  by  W 
of  Brunfwick,  and  37  N  W  of  Haliowdh 

Fineyard^Ti  townfliip  on  the  Ifle  of  Mot- 
te,  in  lake  Chaniplain,  in  Grand  Ifie  co. 
Vermont,  called  till  1802,  Ifle  Mutte.  It 
contains  135  inhabitants. 

Finrynrd  Sctinri,  on  th£  S  eaftern  coall 
of  Mallachufttts,  -s  the  ftrait  or  paffisge 
between  the  Elizabeth  Iflands  and  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard.  The  S  W  channel  of 
which,  about  7  miles  broad,  lias  Gay 
Head  on  the  S  E  and  tiie  Sow  aiiJ  Pigs 
on  the  N  W. 

Fiper  Key,  one  of  the  Toriugas,  on  the 
coafl  of  Florida  ;  5  miles  N  eaftward  of 
Duck  Key,  and  $1 E  of   Old  Matancombe. 

Ftr^il,  a  military  townfliip  of  Onouda- 
go  CO.  N.  York,  having  Drydcnon  the  W, 
Cincinnatus  E,  Homer  N,  and  on  the  S, 
230,000  acres  of  lard  oia  Srfcjueh.anna 
river,  ceded  to  the  ftale  cf  Pvlaflachu- 
fetts.  It  is  under  the  jurifdi(Slion  of 
Homer,    which     was     incorporated     in 

Virgin  Ccrdoy  onr  of  the  principal  of 
the  Virgin  llles,  iunhe  W.  Indies.  It  lies 
4  leagues  E  of  Tortula,  and  of  a  very  ir- 
regular fliape.  Its  gveatefl  length  trurti 
E  to  W  is  about  i8  miles  ;  is  wurfe  wa- 
tered than  Tortula,  and  has  fewer  inhab- 
itants. A  mountain  wl.ich  rifes  in  its 
centre,  is  affirmed  to  contain  a  filvcr  mine, 
Nlat.  18  18,  VMon.  64- 

Virpnia,  one.  of  the  United  States,  lies 
between  ^6  30  and  40  30  N  lat.  and  be- 
tween 75  54  and  83  8  W  Ion.  from  I,cn- 
don.  It  is  in  length  446  miles,  in  breadth 
224  ;  containing  about  70,000  fquare 
miles.  Bounded  N  by  Maryland,  part  of 
Pennfylvania,  and  Ohio  river  ;  W  by 
Kentucky;  S  by  N.  Carolina,  and  E  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  This  ftate  is  divid- 
ed into  50  counties,  which  follow  ; 

TABLE 


VIR 


VIR 


T  A 

B  L  E. 

iP'dJl  of  the  Blui  Ridge, 

rn-j«tie?.                               Cou' ti -s 

Ohio 

Hampfliire 
Berkiy 

Monongalia 

Wafliington 

Frederick 

Montgomery 

Shenandoah 

Wythe 

Rockingham 

Botetourt 

Augufta 

Greenbriar 

Rockbridge 

Kanawa 

JBctivcen  the  Blue  Hidge  and  the  Tide  Wcztert. 

Xioudoun 

Henry 

Fauquier 

Pittfylvania 

Culpepper 

Halifax 

Spotfylvania 

Charlotte 

Orange 

Prince  Edward 

Louifa 

Cumberland 

Goochland 

Powhatan 

riavania 

Amelia 

Albemarle 

Notaway 

Amherfl: 

Lvmenburg 

Bedford 

Mecklenburg 

Buckingham 

Brunfwick 

Between  James  River  and  Carolina. 

Greenfville 

Southampton 

Diawlddic 

Hie  of  Wight 

Cheftcrfield 

Nanfemond 

Princefs  George 

Norfolk 

Surry 

Princefs  Ann 

Suflcx 

Betiueen  Jamts  and  Tori  Rivers. 

Henrico 

WilHamiburg 

Hanover 

York 

New  Kent 

Warwick 

Charles  City 

Eliziheth  City 

James  City 

Bctzvcen  Tori  and  R.ippahannoclk  Rivers. 

Caroline 

Elfex 

King  William 

Middlefex 

King  and  Qnccn 

Gloucefter 

Bet -ween  Rappahannock  and  Patoivmac   Riv- 

er 

Fairfax 

Richmond 

Prince  William 

Wcflmortland 

Stafford 

Northumberland 

King  George 

Lancaflcr 

Eajlern  Shore. 

Accomac                    j  Noitiiampton 

Heiv  Co7iniics. 

Campbtll                      M-idifon 

Franklin 

Mathews 

H^rrifon 

Patrick 

Randolph 

Wood 

Hardy 

Lee 

Pendleton 

Nottcvay 

Rufftl 

Grayfon                       j 

Munroe                                                                 |j 

The  in h;»b'tant5  arc  STt^^^'^^i  free,  and  fl 

345,796  /laves. 

In  an  extenfivc  country,  It  vrill  be  expsel- 
ed  that  the  climate  is  not  the  lame  in  all 
Its  parts.      It  is  remark:. hie  that,  proceed- 
ing on  the  fame  parrdlei  of  latitude  weft- 
\yaidly,  the  climate    becomes   colder   in 
hke  manner  as  when  you  proceed  north- 
wardly.     This  continues  to  be  the   cafe 
till  you  attain  the  fummit  of  the  Allegha- 
ny.     From   thence,   defcending    in  the 
fame  latitude  to  the  MilFifippi,  the  change 
reverfes  ;  and,  if  we  may  belisve  travel- 
lers, it  becomes  warmer  there  than  it  is 
in  the  fame  latitude  on  the  fea  fide.   Their 
teftimony  is  ftrengthened  by  the  vegeta- 
bles and  animals  which  fubfift  and  multi- 
ply there  naturally,   and    do  not  on  the 
fea  coaft.     Thus  catalpas  grow  fpontane- 
oufly  on  the  MiffiJlppi,  as  far  as  the  lati- 
tude of  37,  and  reeds  as  far  as  38.     Par- 
roquets  even  v/inter  cifthe  Scioto,  in  the 
39th  degree  of  latitude.     The  S  W  winds, 
E  of  the  mountains,  are  moft  predom- 
inant.     Next  to  thefe.onthe  fea  coaft, 
the  N  E  and.at  the  mountains,  the  N  W 
i  winds  prevail.      The  N  E  is  loaded  wirk 
vapour,  infomuch  that  the  i^ik  manufac- 
turers have   found     that   their    cryftals 
would  not  fhoot  while  that  blows  ;  it  oc- 
cafions  a  diftrelGng  chill,  and  a  heavinefs 
and  depreilion    of  the  fpirits.      I'he   N 
W  is  dry,  cooling,  elaftic    and  animating. 
The  E  and  S  E  breezes  come  on  generahy 
in  the  afternoon.      They  have  advanced 
into  the  country  ver)^  fenfibly  within  the 
memory    of    people  now   hving.        Mr. 
JefTerfon  reckons  the  extremes 'of  heat 
and  cold  to  be  9.8  above,  and  6  below  o,  in 
Farenhcit's  Thermometer.      The  months 
of  June  and  July,  though  often  the  hotteft, 
are  the  mofl:  healthy  in    the  year.      The 
weather  is  then  dry  and   lefs  liable    to 
change  than   in  Augufl   and  September, 
when   the  rain   commences,  and  fuddcn 
variations  take  place.      Ou  the  fea  coaf>, 
the  latid  is  low.  generally  v/ithin  12  feet 
of  the    level  of  the  fea,  inte.-feacd  in  all 
diredions  with   fait    creeks    and  rivers, 
the  heads   of  which  form  fwamps   and 
marflies,  and  fenny  ground,  covered  with 
water,  in  wet  feafons.     The  uncultivated 
lands  are  covered   with  large  trees,  and 
thick  underwood.      The  vicinity  of  the 
Tea,  and  fait  creeks  and  rivers  occafion  a 
conftant  moifhire  and  warmth  of  the  at- 
mofphere,  fo   that    although   under  the 
fame  latitude,  100   or  150  miles   in  the 
country,  deep  fnows,  and  frozen  rivers 
frequently .  happen,   for  a  fhort   feafon, 
yet  here  fucU  occurrences  are  conlidcred 


VIR 


V  r  R 


rs  phenoineaa;  for  thele  reafons,  tha 
trees  are  often  in  blooi)  as  early  as  the 
laft  of  February  ;  from  this  period,  hov;- 
ever,  tijl  the  end  of  April,  the  inhabitants 
are  incommoded  by  cold  rains,  piercin^^ 
winds,  and  Diar^j  frofls,  whicii  ful'ject.> 
them  to  the  inilummatory  difeafes,  fiicii 
asplenrify  and  peripneumony.  Thechiei:' 
rivers  are  Roanoke,  James',  Nanretnond, 
Chickahominy,  Appainatox,  P^vanna, 
York,  Piankatank,  P.appahannock,  Pa- 
towinack,  Shenandoah,  the  great  and  lit- 
tle Kaahaway,  Staunton  and  Green  Briar. 
Thei'e  rivers  and  creeks  are  defcnbed  un- 
<ler  tb.eir  refpetHivc  naines.  They  abound 
with  fifli  of  various  kinds,  as  fLurgeoa, 
fhad,  bafs,  carp,  fheejiiliead,  drum,  her- 
rings, perch,  catfuli,  oyiters,  crabs.  Sec. 
It  is  worthy  notice,  tiiat  tiie  mountains 
are  notfolitary  and  fcattered  confufediy 
over  the  face  of  the  country ;  but  com- 
mence at  about  150  miles  from  the  fea 
coaH:,  are  difpofed  in  ridges  one  behind 
another,  runninor  nearly  parallel  with  the 
fea  coaO:,  thoug'i  rather  approaching  it  as 
they  advance  north  eaftv/ardly.  Sec  A/- 
h^huny  Mountains.  In  the  fame  direction 
generally  are  the  veins  of  limcrionG,coaI, 
and  other  mintrals  hitherto  dif.'overed  ; 
and  fo  range  the  falls  of  the  great  rivers. 
But  the  courfe-i  of  the  great  rivers  arc  at 
right  angles  with  thefe.  James  and  ?a- 
towmack  penetrate  through  all  the  ridges 
of  mountains  ealUvard  of  the  Alleghany, 
which  is  broken  by  no  water  courie.  It 
-is  in  fact  the  fpiue  of  the  country  betneen 
the  Atlantic  on  one  fiUo,  and  the  IvIiiTi- 
iippi  and  Sr.  Lawrence  on  the  other.  The 
pallage  of  the  Patowmack  through  the 
Blue  Ridge  is  perhaps  one  of  the  moft 
ftupendous  fcenes  in  nature.  The  moun- 
tains of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  of  thefe,  the 
Peaks  of 'Otter,  are  thought  to  be  of  a 
greater  height  meafured  from  thf  ir  bafe, 
than  any  others  in  Virginia,  and  perhaps 
jn  N.  America.  From  data,  which  may 
found  a  tolerable  conjecture,  we  fuppole 
the  higheft  peak  to  he  about  4000  feet 
perpendicular,  which  is  not  a  f'fth  part  of 
the  height  of  the  mountains  of  S.  Ameri- 
ca, nor  one  third  of  the  height  which 
would  be  necefiary  in  our  latitude  to  pre- 
ferverce  in  the  open  air  unrp.elted  through 
the  year.  The  ridge  of  mountain's  next 
beyond  the  Blue  Ridge,  call-.d  the  North 
A-Iountain,  is  of  the  greatefl  extent  ;  for 
which  reafon  they  are  named  by  the  In- 
dians the  Endlefs  iMountain?.  The'Ona- 
fioto  Mountains  are  50  or  60  miles  wide 
at  the  Gap.     Thefe  mountams  abound 


in  coal,  lime,  and  free  11  one  ;  the  fummirs 
of  them  are  generally  covert  u  with  a  good 
foil,  and  a  variety  of  limber ;  and  the 
iov/,  intervale  lands  are  rich  and  rernark- 
al'-lyv/ell  watered.  The  wiiole  country 
below  the  mountains,  wUii  h  are  -diout 
150,  fomefay  200  miles  from  the  fea,  is 
Icyel,  and  Teems  from  various  appearan- 
ces to  hav'e  been  once  waibed  by  the  fea. 
The  lar.d  between  York  and  James  rivers 
is  very  level,  and  its  furface  about  40  feet 
above  high  water  mark  It  apjieitrsfrom 
o!'fcrvati«m,  to  have  arifen  to  its  piefent 
height  at  difl'erent  periods  far  diftant  from 
each  other,  j:nd  that  at  thtTe  periods  it 
V\r.;s  Vv'allied  by  the  fea  ;  for  near  York- 
town,  where  the  banks  are  perpvudicular, 
you  iirft  fee  a  Jiratum^  intermixed  v»rith 
fmall  fliclls  reiembiing  a  mixture  of 
clay  and  fimd,  and  about  5  feet  thiclc; 
on  t'lis  lies  horiKontaliy,  fMiallwhitenielis, 
cockle,  clam,  ike.  an  inch  or  two  thick  ; 
then  a  body  of  eirth  fimilar  to  that  flrfi: 
meiuioned,  18  inch  s  tiiiok;  then  a  layer 
of  fliclls  aiid  another  body  of  earth  ;  on 
this  a  layer  of  3  feet  of  white  ib-ells  mixed 
with  faud,  on  M'hich  lay  a  body  of  oyOer 
flieils  6  feet  thick,  which  were  covered 
with  earth  to  the  furface.  The  oyftcr 
fliclfs  are  fo  united  by  a  very  Ili-ong  ce- 
ment, that  they  fall  only  when  underuiiu- 
ed,  and  then  in  large  bodies  from  1  to  20 
tons  weight.  They  have  the  appearance 
of  large  rocks  oh  the  fliore.  The  f<iii 
below  the  mountains  feems  to  have  ac- 
quired a  characTter  for  goodnefs  which 
it  by  no  means  deferve?.  Thoiigh  not 
rich,  it  is  well  fuited  to  the  growth  of  ro* 
bacco  and  Indian  corn,  and  parts  of  it  for 
wheat.  Good  .crops  of  cotton,  flax  ?nd 
hemp  are  alforaifed  ;  and  in  fome  coiui- 
ties  they  have  plenty  of  cyder,  and  exquif- 
ite  brandy,  diftilled  from  peaches,  which 
grow  in  great  abundance  upon  the  numer- 
ous rivers  of  the  Chefapeak-  The  plaut- 
eis,  before  the  war,  paid  their  principal 
attention  to  the  culture  of  tobacco,  of 
vvhich  there  ufed  to  be  e^rported,  generaV 
ly,  J 5, 000  hogfiieads  a  year.  Since  the 
revolution,  they  are  turning  their  atten- 
tion more  to  the  cultivation  of  wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  barley,  flax,  and  hemp.  It  is 
expedied  that  this  State  will  add  the  arti- 
cle of  rice  to  the  Jilt  of  her  exports  ;  as 
it  is  fuppofed,  a  large  bod}^  of  fwamp  in 
the  earrernmolT:  counties,  is  capable  of  pro- 
ducing it.  Horned  or  neat  cattle  are 
bred  in  great  numbers  in  the  weftera 
counties  of  Virginia,  as  well  as  in  the 
States  S  of  it,  where  they  have  an  exten- 

five 


VIR 


V  IK 


five  range,  and  mild  winters,  "t^'icxiaui  any 
permanent  fnows.  They  run  zt  large, 
are  not  houfed,  and  multiply  very  fall. 
The  gentlemen,  being  fond  of  pleafure, 
Iiave  taken  much  pains  to  raife  a  good 
breed  of  horfes,  and  have  iacceeded  in  it 
beyond  any  of  the  States.  They  will 
vive  loool.  fterling  for  a  good  feed  horfe. 
Horfe  racing  has  had  a  g.  eat  tendency 
to  encourage  the  breeding  of  good  horfes, 
as  it  affords  an  opportunity  of  putting 
them  to  the  trial  of  their  fpeed.  They 
are  more  elegant,  and  will  perform  more 
fervice,  than  the  horfes  of  the  northern 
States.  Caves  among  the  mountains, 
have  lately  been  difcovered,  which  yitld 
fait  petre  in  fuch  abundance,  that  500,000 
pounds  of  it  might  be  coiledted  from  them 
annually.  Virginia  is  thonglit  to  be  the 
xnoft  pregnant  with  minerals  and  fofTils  of 
any  State  in  tlie  Unicm.  A  lingle  lump 
of  gold  ore  has  been  found,  near  the  falls 
of  Rappahannock  river,  v/hich  yielded 
17  dwt.  of  gold,  of  extraordinary  ducTtility. 
No  other  indication  of  gold  has  been  dif- 
covered in  it-*  neighbourhood.  On  the 
great  Kanhaway,  oppofite  to  the  mouth 
«)f  Cripple  Creek,  and  alfo  about  25  miles 
from  the  fouthern  boundary  of  the  Siate, 
in  the  county  of  Montgomery,  are  mines 
of  lead.  The  metal  is  mixed,  fometimes 
with  earth,andfometimes  with  rock,  which 
requires  the  forceofgunpowdertoopenit; 
and  is  accompanied  with  a  portion  of  hlver, 
too  fmall  to  he  vv'orth  feparation,  under 
any  procefs  hitherto  attempted  there. 
The  proportion  yielded  is  from  50  to  Co 
lb  of  pure  metal  from  100  lb.  of  waflitd 
ore.  The  moll  common  is  that  of  60  to 
tlie  100  lb.  Copper,  iron,  black  lead, 
coal,  marble,  limeflone,  &c.  are  found  in 
this  country.  Cryftalrf  arc  common. 
Some  amethyft<;,  and  one  emerald  have 
been  difcovered.  Every  able  bodied  free- 
man, between  the  ages  of  16  and  50,  is  en- 
rolled in  the  militia.  Thofe  of  every 
CDunty  are  formed  into  companies,  and 
thefe  again  into  one  or  more  battalions, 
according  to  the  numbers  in  the  county. 
They  are  commanded  by  Colonels  and 
other  fubordiiiate  officers,  as  in  the  reg- 
ular fervice.  In  every  county  is  a  coun- 
ty lieutenant,  who  commands  the  whole 
jnllitia  in  his  county,  but  rank«only  as  a 
Colonel  in  the  field.  They  have  no  gen- 
eral officers  always  exi fling.  Thefe  are 
appointed  occafionally,  when  an  invafion 
or  infurrcdlion  happens,  and  their  com- 
fnifTion  ceafes  with  the  occafion.  The 
Qo?ernor  is  head  of  the  military  as  well 


a»  civil  power.  The  law  requires  every 
militia  man  to  provide  himfelf  with  the 
arms  ufual  in  the  regular  fervice  The  in- 
terfeftion  of  Virginia  byfo  many  navigable 
riveis,rendcrs  it  almotlincapable  of  defence. 
As  the  land  will  not  fupport  a  great  num- 
ber of  people,  a  force  cannot  foon  be  col- 
ledbed  to  repel  a  fadden  invadon.  If  the 
nlilitia  bear  the  fame  proportioa  to  the 
number  of  inhabitants  now,  as  in  1782, 
they  amount  to  about  75,000.  This  ftate 
is  not  divided  into  townfliips,  nor  are 
there  any  towns  of  confecjuence,  owing 
probably  to  the  interfeiSlion  of  the  coun- 
try by  navigable  rivers,  which  brings  the 
trade  to  the  doors  of  the  inhabiraats. 
Norfolk  will  probably  become  the  empo- 
rium for  all  the  trade  of  the  Chefa  peak 
Bay  and  its  waters  ;  and  a  canal  of  8  or 
10  miles,  which  is  contemplated,  will 
bring  to  it  all  that  of  Albemarle  Sound 
and  its  waters.  The  College  of  William 
and  Mary  was  founded  about  the  begin- 
ning  of  the  laij  century.  Sec  WilHamfourg. 
In  Prince  Edward  county  is  a  college  by 
the  name  of  Hampden  Sydney  college. 
Wafliington  College,  at  Lexington,  is 
handfomely  endowed,  and  is  one  of  the 
moH  flourilliiug  literary  inftitutions  in  the 
State.  There  are  academies  at  Alexan- 
dria, Norfolk,  Hanover,  and  other  places. 
The  prefent  denominations  of  Chriflians 
in  Virginia  are  Prelbyterians,  who  arc 
mofl  numerous,  Epifcopalians,  Baptifls, 
and  Methodiftj.  The  exports  of  this 
State,in  the  year  1791, ending  Sept.  30th, 
amounted  to  3,131,227  dollars;  in  1792, 
3,549,499  <i"'l^rs  ;  In  1793,  2,984,317 
dollars;  in  1794,  3,321,494  dollars;  in 
i796,5>^<^8,6i5dollar8;in  1797,4^908,713 
dollars;  in  1798,  6,113,451  dollars;  in 
1 801,  4,660,361  dollars.  The  tonnage  of 
Virginia  in  1798  was,  69,586  tons.  In 
1790,  about  40,000  hogfheads  of  tobacc* 
were  exported  ;  but  its  culture  has  fincc 
declined,  and  that  of  wheat  taken  its 
place.  The  greatefl:  quantity  of  tobacco 
ever  produced  in  this  country,  in  one  year, 
was  70,000  hhds.  in  the  year  1 758.  Vir- 
ginia was  fettled  permanently,  after  fev- 
cral  preceding  unfuccefsfu!  attempts,  in 
1610,  being  the  earlieft  ellabliilied  of  any 
of  the  United  States. 

Firgin  JJands,  a  group  of  fmall  Iflands 
in  the  W.  Indies,  E  of  the  Ifland  of  Por- 
to Rico,  belonging  to  different  Europeaa 
powers.  They  extend  for  the  fpace  of 
24  leagues,  from  E  to  W,  and  about  1$ 
leagues  from  N  to  S,  and  nearly  approach 
the  E  coaft  of  Porto  Ric-o.      They  are 

every 


VI  R 


WAC 


•very  way  dangerous  to  navigators,  though 
there  is  a  bafon  in  the  mldit  of  ihem  oi  6 
or  7  leagues  in  length,  and  3  or  4  in 
breadth,  in  which  fhips  may  anchor  and 
be  fhehered  and  land  locked  from  all 
winds  ;  which  is  named  the  Bay  of  Sir 
Francis  Drake,  from  his  having  palled 
through  them  to  St.  Domingo.  "I  hofe 
which  are  occupied  and  inhabited  appear 
under  their  rcfpedtive  names  ;  but  others 
are  deftitute  both  of  names  and  inhabit- 
ants. The  Eritilla  and  Danes  polTcfs  molt 
©f  them  ;  but  the  Spaniards  claim  thofe 
near  Porto  Rico.  The  ifland  of  Virgin 
Gorda,  on  which  depend  Aiicgada,  Nick- 
er, Prickly  Pear,  Mofquito  Uiands,  Cam- 
anoes.  Dog  Iflands,  the  Fallen  City,  the 
Round  Rock,  Ginger,  Cooper's,  Salt,  Pe- 
ter's, and  Dead  Cheft,  belong  to  the  Brit- 
ijh  ;  as  alfo  TortoLi^  on  which  depend  Jo^ 
Van  Dykes,  Little  Van  Dykes,  Guana, 
Beef,  and  Thatch  Illands.  To  the  Duites 
belong  St.  Thomas's  7/?a«t/,  on  which  Brafs, 
Little  Saba,  Buck  Ifland,  Great  and  Little 
St.  James,  and  Bird  IHand  are  dependant ; 
with  St.  Johns,  to  which  depend  Lavango, 
Cam,  and  Witch  Illands  ;  and  they  have 
alfo  Santa  Ifland,  or  St.  Croix.  The  Span- 
iards claim  Serpent's  Ifland,  (called  by  the 
Britlfh  Green  ifland)  the  Tropic  Keys, 
Great  and  Little  Paflage  Ifland,  and  par- 
ticularly Crab  Ifland.  Tlxe  Booby  birds 
are  fo  tame  on  Bird  Ifland,  that  a  man,  it 
is  laid,  in  a  fliort  time,  may  catch  fuiliclent 
in  his  hand  to  fupply  a  fleet.  Thefe  ifl- 
ands lie  about  lat.  18  ao  N,  and  the  courfe 
through  them,  with  due  attention,  is  per- 
fevflly  fafe  at  W  by  N  and  W  N  W  as  far 
as  the  W  end  of  the  fourth  Ifland.  Leave 
this  on  the  ftarboard  iide,  and  the  ifland 
called  Foul  CUff,  on  the  larboard,  be- 
tween which  there  is  16  fathoms,  and  a 
free  channel  to  the  weflward,  before 
there  is  any  alteration  of  the  courfe  ;  for 
though  there  be  but  6  or  7  fathoms  in 
fome  places,  it  is  no  where  fhoaler,  and 
In  fome  places  there  is  from  i6  to  2-0 
fathoms.  The  ifland  of  Anguilla,  on  the 
N  fide  of  St.  Martin's  I.  is  E  S  E  from  them. 
Virgin  Mary,  Cape,  the  N  E  point  of 
the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magellan, 
in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean,  is  a  fteep  white 
clifF.  S  lat.  5a  3i,  W  Ion.  67  54.  The 
▼ariation  of  the  compafs,  in  1780,  was  24 

Virgin  Roehf  off  the  S  E  part  of  the 
eoaft  of  Newfoundland  Ifland,  ao  leagues 
S  E  of  Cape  Race.  N  lat.  46,  according 
to  others,  lat.  46  30,  and  thefe  lafl  fay  17 
•r  18  leagues  S  E  by  E  of  Cape  BalUrd. 


VUtarla,  Si.  Juan  de,  a  city  of  Peri!ir 
See  Guumanga,  its  molt  common  name. 

Volcanic  JJlaud^  between  Swallow  Ifland 
and  Santa  Crux,  about  8  leagues  N  of  the 
latter,  in  the  Paciiic  Ocean,  in  which  Men- 
dana,  in  1595,  faw  a  volcano,  which  Ham- 
cd  continually.       S  lat  lO  30. 

VoluntoivTijA  townlhip  ou  the  E  line  of 
Conneclicut,  Windham  co.  E  of  Plainfieid, 
19  N  E  of  Norwich,  and  26  S  W  of  Provi- 
dence. It  was  fettled  in  1696,  having, 
been  granted  to  volunteers  in  the  Narra- 
ganlet  war  ;  hence  its  name.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1 7 1  y,  it  has  a  large  fwamp 
abounding  with  white  pine,  fuliicient  to 
fupply  the  ne;gtibouring  towns  with  ma- 
terials for  building.     Inhabitants  my. 


VV^ 


v/ 


ABASH,  is  a  beautiful  navigable 
river,  of  the  Indiana  Territory,  which 
[  runs  a  S  W  and  fouthern  courfe,  and  emp- 
1  tics  into  the  Ohio,  by  a  mouth  270  yards 
j  wide,  in  lat.  37  56  N,  168  miles  from  the 
j  mouih  of  the  Ohio,  and  1022  miles  below 
j  Pittlburg.  In  the  fpr'ng,  lummer,  and 
j  autumn,  it  is  paflable  in  batteaix  and  bar- 
ges, drawing  about  3  feet  water,  412  miles 
to  Ouiatanon  ;  and  for  large  canoes  197 
miles  further, to  the  Miami  carrying  place, 
9  miles  from  Miami  village.  This  vil- 
lage ftands  on  Miami  river  which  emp- 
ties into  the  S  W  part  of  Lake  Erie.  Tiie 
communication  between  Detroit  and  the 
lUinois  and  Ohio  countries,  is  up  Miami  R-.^ 
to  Miami  village,  thtnce  by  land  ymiles, 
when  the  rivers  are  high,  and  from  18  to 
30  when  they  are  low,  through  a  level 
country  to  the  WabalL,  and  through  the 
various  branches  of  the  Wabafh  to  th^ 
places  of  dcftination.  The  land  en  thi» 
river  is  remarkably  fertile.  A  lilver  mine 
has  been  difcovercd  about  28  miles  above- 
Ouiatanon,  on  the  northern  fide  of  the 
Wabafh.  Salt  fprings,  lime,  free  flone, 
blue,  yellow,  and  whfte  clay,  are  found  ia 
plenty  on  this  river.  The  copper  mine 
on  this  river,  is  perhaps  the  richeft  veia 
of  native  copper  in  the  bowels  of  the 
whole  earth.  See  Vintennet  and  Ouiata- 
non. 

U'ahajh ,  Little,  runs  a  courfe  S  S  E,  and 
falls  into  the  Wabafla,  10  miles  from  the 
Ohio. 

IVacLovia,  or  DobVs  Parijh,  a  tra<5t  of 
land  in  N.  CaroHna,  between  the  E  fide  of 
Yadkin  river,  and  the  head  waters  of  Haw 
and    Deep    rivers,    confiding    of    about 


WAX 


W  A  L 


J0o,0O0  acrc=,  partly  hi  Stokes  raid  Surf y 
counties.  The  United  Brethren,  or  J.Io- 
j-avians,  parchafcd  this  trail  of  Lord 
Granville,  in  1 751,  and  calied  it  Wacho- 
via, af(,cr  the  name  of  an  eflate  of  Count 
Zinzciidorf,  in  Germany.  In  i  755,  it  was 
made  a  feparate  parilli,  ;tnd  named  Dobb's, 
hy  the  legiilature.  'i  he  fettiemcnt  01 
Bethnbar,',  ^va•■  hc.?,u"  in  1  753,  by  a  num- 
ber of  th  ■'^  Pennfylvania. 
Salem  v/'  .  ipa'  fettiemcnt, 
co.nmenccLl  in  X;66,  and  is  inh-^bited  by 
a  number  of  in;jenious  tradelnien.  This 
tbriviu':^  parilli  lies  about  lO  miles  '6  of 
Pilot   Mountain,  and  contains  6  churches. 

Wacoqt^atnaJj^  an  ancient  Moravian  let- 
tlcnient  in  Connecticut,  on  Stratford  riv- 
er ;  23  miles  from  its  moiuii. 

Wcichuj'ct MoifnhrinTm  the  toivn  of  Prince- 
ton, Manachufetts,  may  be  feen  in  a  cieur 
horizon,  at  the  diitance  of  67  miles,  bcirg 
2989  feet  above  the  level  of  tlie  fea. 

WadfJhorc'Mrh,  tlie  chief"  t(!wn  of  Anf^n 
CO.  in  Fayetteville  diflridt,  N.  Caiolina. 
it  contains  a  court  houfc,  ;;aol,  and  about 
30  houfes,  and  beiag  feated  on  a  lofty  hill, 
is  both  pleafmt  and  healthy.  It  is  /v'S 
milc5  W  by  S  of  Fayetteville,  s^  S  E  by  S 
of  Salifburv,  and  407  from  W'afliington. 

WcJmcl'aiv,  an  illand  near  ChHrlelton,  S. 
Carolina."  Ey  a  bridge  over  a  fninll  creek 
it  is  joined  to  Jolin's  Ifland. 

Wadfivr.rth,?:  tov/n  of  N.  York,  Ontario 
CO.  on'the  E  hank  of  GenelTce  river. 

WadhLim  IJlards,nQ:it  the  NE  coafl  of 
Kewfoundiaad  Illand.  N  lat.  49  57,  W 
ion.  53  37. 

Wagers  Strait,  or  Il:<u-r,  in  NeW  N. 
Wales,  in  N.  America,  lies  in  lat.  6$  23  N, 
and  is. about  2  or  3  miles  \vidc.  At  5  or  6 
miles  V/itMn  its  entrance,  it  is  6  or  8 
leagues  wide,  having  feveral  iflands  and 
rocks  In  the  middle.  It  has  foundings 
fromi6  to  3c  and44  fathoms;  andthe  land 
on  both  fi  Jcs  is  as  high,  (according  to  Cap- 
tain Middleton's  account)  as  any  in  Eng- 
land. Savage  Sound,  a  fmall  cove  or  har- 
boi*r,  fit  for  flv.ps.to  anchor  in,  lies  on 
the  northern  fliore,  13  or  14  leagues  up 
ths  ftrait,  in  Ion.  87  i8  W.  All  the  coun- 
try from  Wager's  Strait  to  Seal  river,  is 
in  feme  maps  called  New  Denmark.  Capt. 
Monk  was  fen:  thither,  in  16 10,  by  the 
Ling  of  Denmark,  and  v/intered  at  a  place 
called  Monk's  V»'"lnter  Harbour,  in  lat.  62, 
%o  N,  wliich  muft  be  a  little  N  of  Rankin's 
Inlet.  When  Capt.  Eiiis  was  in  this  lat. 
the  tide  ran  at  the  rate  of  from  8  to  10 
leagues  i'.n  hour.  Ke.  compares  it  to  the 
iiuice  c-f  a  milL 


¥AiiiyfidJ,t\\c  S  eadernmofl  townfhip  c^ 
CTuttendcn  CO.  Vermont,  coiitaining  473 
inhabitants. 

JV'ait''s  Jiivf-r,  rifes  in  Oraiige  co.  Ver- 
mont, and  empties  into  ConneAicut  riv- 
er, at  Bradford. 

JVnjomiok,  an  Indian  town  on  Sufque- 
hannah  river,  about  4C0  miles  from  its 
mor.th.  In  thcfpringof  i"7j;6,  the  Indian* 
fl'   :  ::nd  thcv  couJd  not  fi:f- 

ii^..  .  ..;r  afhAiiilimeut  at  the 

l:g:;t  ol  thcii.  anir.ials  unknoAvn  to  tliem. 

IVule,  an  inland  co.  of  Hillfborough  dii"- 
tricl,  N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  W  by 
Orange,  and  E  nnd  S  ¥.  by  Johnfon.  It 
cojita'T-.s  12,768  inhabitants^  including 
Z')o(j  I'iavea,     Chief  toAvn,  Raleigh. 

IVakfftcld^ form^c-rly  Eaftcii-r.,  and  Wati-y- 
toivr.y  a  townflTiip  ot  Stradbrd  co.  N.  Hamp- 
lliirc,  E  of  Wolf  boroug'i,  incorporated  in 
1774.  It  contains  835  inhabiuants.  In 
tlie  N  E  part  is  a  pond  wliich  is  the  fourcc 
of  P.rc.:tt,iqua  river. 

iV.JJ.aifiu-Lv,  a  beauf-ifid  lake,  26  mile; 
in  circuit,  in  Bladen  co.  N.  Carolina.    1  he 


iani 


its  E  lide  are  fertile,  and  the  fxt- 


Uation  dellgliLful,  gradually  afcendingfrom 
the  fliorcs  ;  bounded  on  the  N  V/  by  v?S\ 
rich  fvvamps,  fit  for  rice.  Th.is  lake  is  the 
fource  of  a  Hue  river,  of  tlie  fame  name, 
and  runs  a  foutherlv  courfe,  for  70  or  80 
miles,  and  empties  into  V/inyaw  Bay,  at 
Georgetown,  in  S.  Carolina. 

/-r'^/i/t/j,  a  tov/nfliip  of  Vermont,  Cale- 
donia CO.  having  Danville  on  the  S  E.  It 
contains  153  inhabitants. 

Waldohsrov.nhy  a  pofl  town  and '  port  of 
entry  in  Maine,  in  I<incoln  co.  la  miles  S 
by  W  of  Warren,  10  E  by  S  of  Newcaf- 
tle,  20  E  of  WifcafTet,  and  683  from 
Wafliington.  jMufkongus  river  runs  near- 
ly through  the  middle  of  the  town.  This 
is  the  port  of  entry  for  the  diltricl,  lying 
between  the  towns  of  Camden  and  Nortli- 
port  ;  and  all  the  fliores  and  waters  from 
the  middle  of  Damarifcotta  river  to  the  S 
W  fide  of  the  town  of  Northport.  The 
townfliip  of  W:ildoborougIi  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1773,  and  contaixis  15 11  inhabit- 
ants.    See  Muff.ung-js. 

Waldo  Patent,  a  trafl  of  land  forming 
the  S  E  part  of  Hancock  co.  in  Maine,  and 
on  the  W  lide  of  Penobfcot  river  and 
bay. 

IVulc!,  New  South y  a  country  of  vafl  ex- 
tent, but  little  known,  lying  round  the 
fouthern  part  of  Hudfon's  Bay. 

JValcs  Neiv  North,  an  extenfive  territo- 
ry of  N.  America  ;  having  Prince  Wil- 
liam's Land  N,  part  of  BafFm's  Bay  E,  and 

feparated 


WAL 


W  A  L 


feparated  from  New  S.  Wales,  S  l>y  Seal 
river 

IValesiSL  plantation  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 
55  miies  N  E  of  Portland,  and  180  from 
Bofton.     It  contains  ;^66  inhabitants. 

PValhaUin^,  the  Indian  name  of  an  eaft- 
ern  branch  of  Muflcingum  river,  at  the 
mouth  of  v^^hich  flood  Gofchachguenk,  a 
Delaware  town,  and  fetdement  of  Chrift- 
ian  Indians. 

Wulkerton,  a  poft  town  in  King  and 
Queen  co.  Virginia,  120  miles  from  Waili- 
ington. 

F/'ally  Suhferraveous.  About  the  year 
1795,  a  remarkable  wall  was  difcovered, 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  S^iliftury,  in  N. 
Carolina.  Its  diflance  from  Third  Creek, 
a  confiderable  [lream,is  about  one  quarter 
of  a  mile,  from  the  S.  Yadkin  river  about 
a  mile,  from  the  Great  Yadkin  river  ahout 
2  and  a  half,  or  3  miles  ;  and  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  not  lefs  than  160  or  170 
rniles.  Its  diredtion  is  nearly  N  W  and  S  E. 
Since  its  difcovery  various  attemp  s  have 
been  m-.de  to  afcertain  its  length,  breadth, 
depth,  and  the  materials  of  which  it  is 
compofed.  Its  top  is  at  unequal  diflances, 
below  the  furface  of  the  earth  ;  though  it 
generally  rifes  as  the  furface  rifts,  and  links 
as  it  finks.  A  pit  has  been  dug  befide  th« 
wall,  to  the  depth  of  27  feet,  but  no  ap- 
pearance of  its  termination  downwards. 
The  thicknefs  is  uniformly  the  fame,  viz. 
2  feet.  Its  length  has  not  been  afcertain- 
ed  ;  but  from  the  place  where  the  pit  has 
been  funk,  the  wall  is  known  to  extend 
more  than  100  feet  down  the  hill,  and 
parallel  with  a  branch  which  runs  near. 
Above  the  pit  it  extends  150  feet  in  a  direcTt 
line.  It  then  forms  a  fegment  of  a  l.irge 
circle,  for  about  15  feet,  and  then  pro- 
ceeds in  a  right  line,  parallel  with,  but  6 
or  7  feet  out  of  its  fii  ft  diretTdon.  The 
face,  on  each  fide  the  wall,  is  fmooth  and 
even ;  all  the  flones  of  an  irregular  fize 
and  fhape.  The  largeft  are  near  the  fize 
of  a  common  brick,  the  fmaileO;  not  larger 
than  the  end  of  a  man's  thumb.  The 
large  flones  are  all  laid  lengthwife,  acrofs 
the  wall ;  the  fmall,  of  which  there  is  a 
great  number,  are  ufed  to  fill  up  the  in- 
terft'ces  between  them.  The  texture  of 
the  ftone  is  of  a  peculiar  kind,  and  diiFer- 
ent  from  any  in  tiie  neighbourhood,  except 
one  quarry,  which  is  at  the  diflance  from 
the  wall  of  about  one  half  of  a  mile.  The 
cement  is  of  a  whitifli  colour,  and  appears 
to  contain  much  lime;  but  when  analyz- 
ed, yields  iron  without  any  lime.  The  dif- 
covery of  this  wall,  which  can  fcarcely  be 
VuL.I.  Kkkk 


thought  a  natural  producStion,  feem?  to 
ftrengtiien  the  opinion  of  thofe  who  be- 
lieve that  this  v/t Rem  world  has  once  be- 
fore bet  n  inhabit!  d  by  a  civilized  pe^  pie, 
or,  at  leaft  ^-irited  oftenei,-  than  hiftury  in- 
forms us  of,  and  prior  to  its  authenticated 
difcovery  by  Co  umbus.  Or  it  may  be  con- 
fidered  as  a  proor  of  the  Mofaic  account, 

IVallin^ford,  a  townlliip  of  Vermont, 
Rutland,  ^o.  E  of  Tiiamouth.  It  contains 
912  inhabitants. 

Wallingfoid,  a  pleafant  pofl:  tovv^n  of 
ConnetSticut,  N.  Haven  co.  13  miies  S  W 
of  Middleton,  and  13  NE  of  New  Kf- 
ven.  This  toAvnfhip,  called  by  the  In- 
dians Cogtvchcuje,  was  fettled  in  167 1  ; 
Is  divided  into  two  parifliies,  and  con- 
tains 3214  inh  bitant?.  It  is  12  miles 
long,  and  7  broad. 

Vfdllerfuille,  a  pofl  town  in  Hancock  co, 
Geor^^ia,  729  milts  from  Walliington.  . 

IVallkill,  a  river  of  Orange  co.  N. 
York.  It  is  a  fluirgiih  flream,  40  or  50,000 
acres  of  land  on  its  banks,  bting  overilow- 
ed,  a  confiderable  part  of  the  year,  v/hicU 
expofes  the  inhabiiants  of  the  vicinity  co 
intermittent  fevers.  It  is  faid  that  tlie 
channel  might  c.ifily  be  fo  deepened, as 
to  prevent  the  lands  from  being  dro'-s'ued, 
and  the  people  from  ficknef?. 

Wallklll,  a  town^Tiip  of  N,  York,  Or- 
ange CO.  on  the  creek  of  its  name,  about 
15  miles  N  by  E  of  Gofhen,  11  W  of 
Ncwburgli,  and  58  N  W  of  N.  York  city. 
It  contains  3592  inhabitants. 

Walnut  Cove.  This  is  a  beautiful  tra£k 
of  8  or  10,000  acres  of  land,  at  the  low- 
er end  of  Powell's  Valley,  bounded  N  W 
by  Cumberland  ATountain,  and  S  W  by 
Crofs  Mountain,  running  from  the  Cum- 
btrland  almofl  at  ri.^,ht  ang'es,  J:i  or  9  mil'  s 
long,  very  flcep,  high  and  regul^ir.  Tticfc 
mtnnitains  afford  to  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Cove  a  mofl  romantic  profpecl.  It  con- 
tains fome  elegant  ui nations. 

Walnut  HUls,  axe  on  t'le  E  bank  of  the 
MiilKippi  river,  in  the  M'ffihjipi  Terri- 
tory, a  litj'!e  S  of  trie  mourh  of  Yazoo  riv- 
er, in  !at.  32  20  N,  ;jnd  iou.  75  4$  W  of 
Philadeiphia.  Fortification <  to  a  confid- 
erable ejctt-nt  were  credlei  here  by  the 
Spaniards  b-rforc  the  place-  was  given  up 
to  the  American."..  Tiiis  pofl  is  a  very 
important  one,  and  capable  of  being  made 
very  fi'rong.  Here  were,  in  looo,  80  in- 
hab'tanls. 

Walhotnfchachy  a  f.nall  branch  of  Hoo- 
fack  river,  VermoDt. 

Wullpack,  a  to.vn'hip  in  Sufilx  co.  N. 
Jerfev,  on  Delaware  rivtr,  about  i  r  mile* 

Wof 


WAP 


WAK 


W  of  Newtown,  and  i^o  N  W  of  Brunf- 
wick.  It  contained,  in  1790,  496  inhab- 
itants. 

M^alpolcy  a  pod  town  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
Chefliire  co,  on  the  eaftern  fide  of  Con- 
ne<5ticut  river,  11  miles  S  of  Gharleftown, 
14  N  W  by  N  of  Kcene,  108  W  of  Portf- 
inouth,  and  475  from  Wafliington.  The 
townfliip  contains  1743  inhabitants. 

JValpoLy  a  townflaip  of  MafTachufetts, 
Norfolk  CO.  O'n  the  great  road  to  Provi- 
dence, and  20  miles  S  W  of  Bofton.  It 
\v<is  incorporated  in  1724,  and  contains 
989  inhabitants. 

IValj'tngham,  Capc^  is  on  the  E  iidc  of 
Cumberland's  iHand,  in  Hudfon'ij  Straits. 
N  lat.  6a  39,  W  Ion.  77  $t,.  High  water, 
at  full  and  change,  at  I2  o'clock. 

WjiUham^  a  tovvrrfliip  oc  Maflachufetts, 
Middlefex  co.  11  miles  N  W  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1737,  and  contains 
903  inhabitants. 

IValth^im^  or  IVcJihiim,  a  village  in  Hen- 
rico CO.  Virginia,  on  tlie  N  lide  of  James' 
river,  4  miles  N  \V  of  Richmond. 

JValton,  where  is  a  poft  ofTtce,  in  Dela- 
ware CO.  N.  York,  447  miles  from  Wafli- 
ingion. 

PViimpanos^zn.  Indian  trl'oe,  allies  cf  the 
Hurnns. 

iVcinafpaiticht  River,  rifcs  in  Glouceftcr, 
Rhode  Illand,  and  falls  into  Providence 
river  a  mile  and  a  half  N  \V  of  Weybof- 
Ict  bridge.  Upon  this  fiver  formerly 
flood  the  only  powder  mill  in  this  State, 
and  within  one  mile  of  its  mouth  there 
arc  a  Hictin^j  mill,  2  paper  mills,  2  grift 
mills  with  4  run  of  ftones,  an  oil  mill,  and 
a  faw  mill. 

Waitlo^Ti  lliort,  broad  river  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, whicli  rifes  iu  Chailefton  diftrit5t, 
and  empties  Into  Cooper's  river,  a  few 
miles  above  Charlefton. 

JVanooattu^  an  illand  in  the  S.  I'acific 
Ocean,  about  2  miles  in  extent  from  S  E 
to  N  \V.  It  is  about  10  miles  at  N  W  by 
W  from  the  N  end  of  Watcehoo  Ifland. 

JV^!iirii^e,a.  townlLip  near  the  N  W  cor- 
ner of  N.  Jerfey,  SufTex  co.  15  miles  north- 
erly of  Newtown.  It  cout;iincd,  in  1790, 
17CO  inhabitants. 

JVjnt,iJ}'n-y  the  original  name  of  W.  riv- 
er, Vermont. 

IViippacamo  River,  a  large  S  branch  of 
Patowmac  river,  which  it  joins  in  lat.  39 
39  N,  where  the  latter  was  formerly 
known  by  the  nime  of  Cohongoronto. 

Wapuivagan  IJlanJs^  on  the  Labrador 
coaft,  lie  betwcea  lat.  50  ^nd  50  5  N,  and 
tetwecn  Ion.  J95J  and  60  30  \V. 


JVarJy  a.  townfhip  of  MaiTachuretfs^ 
Worcefter  co.  5  miles  S  of  Worccller,  and 
contains  532  inhabitants. 

iVarcfJborough,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
Windham  co.  (a  or  15  miles  W  of  Put- 
ney, and  27  N  E  of  Bennington,  and  con- 
tains 1484  inhabitants. 

Wardjbridgci  a  poft  town  of  N.  York, 
Orange  co.  on  the  Wallkill,  10  miles  N  of 
Goflien,  36  S  by  W  of  Kingfton.  It  con- 
tains about  40  compa^l  houfes  and  an 
academy. 

Ware,  a  fmall  river  of  MafTachufetts 
which  originates  in  a  pond  in  Gerry,  in 
Worceftet-  co.  and  in  Peterfliam  it  re- 
ceives Swift  river,  and  receiving  Quaboag 
river,  which  comes  from  Brookfield,  is 
thence  allumes  the  nameof  Chicabee,  and 
falls  into  ConnecHiIcut  river  at  Springfield. 
Its  courfe  is  S  and   S  W. 

Warcy  a  townfliip  of  MafTachufetts,  in 
Hampfliire  co.  incorporated  in  1761,  and 
contains  997  inhabitants.  It  is  15  milcff 
N  E  of  Springfield,  and  80  W  of  Bofton. 

Warehcimy-A  pofl  town  of  MafTachufetts, 
Plymouth  co.  at  the  head  of  Buzzard's 
Bay,  on  the  W  fide,  60  miles  S  by  E  of 
Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1739,  ^'^^ 
contains  770  inhabitants.  N  lat.  4145, 
Wlon.  70  40, 

Warminjiery  a  fmall  poft  tOAvn  of  Vir- 
ginia, on  che  N  fide  of  James'  river,  in 
Amherft  CO.  about  90  miles  above  Rich- 
mond. It  contains  about  40  houfes,  and 
a  tobacco  warehoufe.  It  is  21  miles  from 
Charlottefviile,  and  188  from  Wafliing- 
ton.  There  is  alfo  a  townfliip  of  this 
name  in  Buck's  county,  Pennfylvania. 

Warm  Springs  a  ridge  of  mountains 
bears  this  name,  a  part  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  N  W  of  the  Calf  Pafture,  and 
famous  for  warm  fprings.^  The  moft  effi- 
cacious of  thefe,  are  2  fprings  in  Augufta, 
near  thefources  of  James*  river,  where  it 
is  called  Jackfon's  river.  They  rife  near 
the  foot  of  the  ridge  of  mountains,general- 
ly  called  the  Warm  Spring  Mountains,  but 
in  the  maps  Jackfon's  Mountains.  The 
one  is  difiinguiflied  by  the  name  of  the 
Warm  Spring,  and  the  other  of  the  Hoc 
Spring.  The  Warm  Spring  ifTues  with  a 
very  bold  ftream,  fi|ffieient  to  work  a  grift 
mill,  and  to  keep  the  waters  of  its  bafon, 
which  is  30  feet  in  diameter,  at  the  vital 
warmth,  viz.  <)(P  of  Fareinheit's  ther- 
mometer. The  matter  with  which  thefe 
waters  is  allied  is  very  volatile  ;  its  fmcU 
indicates  it  to  be  fulphureous,as  alfo  does 
thecircumftancc  of  turning  filver  black. 
They  relieve  rheumatifm*.  Other  com- 
plain t-«$ 


WAR 


WAR 


pkmts  dfo  of  very  different  nature?  have 
been  removed  or  leflened  by  them.  Jt 
rains  here  4  or  5  days  in  every  week. 
The  Hot  Spring  is  about  6  miles  from  the 
Warm,  is  much  fmaller,  and  has  been  fo 
hot  as  to  have  boiled  an  egg.  Some  be- 
lieve its  degree  of  heat  to  be  leflened.  It 
raifes  the  mercury  in  Fareinheit's  ther- 
mometer to  ira°,whichis  fever  heat.  It 
fometimes  relieves  where  the  Warm  Spring 
fails.  A  fountain  of  common  water  iflu- 
ing  within  a  few  inches  of  its  margin,  gives 
it  a  fingular  appearance.  Comparing  the 
tempefature  of  thefe  with  that  of  the  hot 
fprings  of  Kamfchatka,  of  which  Krach- 
inninikow  gives  an  account,  the  difference 
is  very  great,  the  latter  raifing  the  mer- 
cury to  200  degrees,  which  is  within  12 
■degrees  of  boiling  water.  Thefe  fprings 
are  very  much  reforted  to,  in  fpitc  of  a 
total  want  of  accommodation  for  the  lick. 
Their  waters  are  ftrongeft  in  the  botteft 
months,  which  occafions  their  being  vif- 
ited  in  July  and  Auguft  principally.  The 
Sweet  Springs  in  the  county  of  Botetourt, 
at  the  eaftern  foot  of  the  Alleghany,  are 
about  forty  two  miles  from  the  Warm 
Springs. 

Warner,  a  towjjfliip  of  N.  Hampfliire, 
Hillfborough  co.  It  was  incorporated  in 
1774,  and  contains  1569  inhabitants. 

IVarren,  a  townfliip  in  Vermont,  lying 
In  two  tradls,  one  in  Addifon  co.  adjoin- 
ing Lincoln,  and  the  other  in  Effex  co. 
adjoining  Norton.  It  contains  59  inhab- 
itants. 

Warren,  a  poft  town  in  Albemarle  eo. 
Virginia,  178  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Warren,  a  thriving  poft  town  and  the 
chief  in  Trumbull  co.  Ohio,  341  miles 
from  Wafliington,  and  76  NW  from  Pittf- 
burgh..  It  has  a  gaol,  about  5130  iiahab- 
itants,  who  emigrated  from  New  England, 
and  fome  other  States. 

Warren,  a  county  of  Halifax  diftri^t,  N. 
Carolina.  It  contains  11,046  inhabitants, 
including  5905  flaves.  The  foil  is  rich, 
and  well  watered.  Quarries  of  mill  ftones, 
and  alfo  of  whctftones  are  found  here. 
There  is  aho  a  mineral  fpring,  efficacious 
in  fcorbutic  and  bilious  complaints.  More 
than  half  the  people  are  in  flavery  among 
republicans, 

Warren,  or  Warrenton,  a  poft  town,  and. 
the  capital  of  the  abovementioned  county, 
iG  miles  E  by  N  of  Hillfborough,  35  W 
of  Halifax,  54  N  of  Raleigh,  83  S  of  Pe- 
terfburg  in  Virginia,  and  240  from  Wafh- 
ington.  The  town  contains  233  inhabit- 
ants, 107  of  thyn  arc  negroes.    It   ftands 


IB  a  lofty,  dry,  and  healthy  fituation,  Eu-. 
ropeans,  of  various  nations,  refide  in  and 
about  the  town.  Here  is  a  refpetStable 
academy,  having  generally  from  60  to  70 
ftudents. 

Warren,  a  poft  town  of  Maine,  Lincoln 
CO.  adjoining  Camden  and  Thomafton; 
203  miles  N  E  by  N  of  Bofton.  This  town- 
fliip is  feparated  from  that  of  Thomafton, 
by  St.  George's  river  ;  was  incorporated 
in  1776,  and  contains  939  inhabitants. 

Warren,  A  tovvnfliip  of  Grafton  CO.  N. 
Hampfhire,  N  E  of  Orford,  adjoining,  in- 
corporated in  1763,  and  contains  336  in- 
habitants. 

Warren,  a  poft  town  of  Rhode  Ifland, 
Briftol  CO.  pleafantly  htuated  on  Warren 
river,  and  the  N  E  part  of  Narraganfet 
Bay,  4  miles  N  of  Briftol,  10  S  S  E  of  Prov- 
idence. This  is  a  flourifliing  town  ;  car- 
ries on  a  brifk  coafting  and  W.  India  trade, 
and  is  remarkable  for  fliip  building.  The 
whole  townfliip  contains  1473  inhabit- 
ants. Rhode  Ifland  College  was  firft 
inftituted  in  this  town,  and  afterwards  re- 
moved to  Providence. 

Warren,  z  new  townfliip  of  Herkcmer 
CO.  N.  York.  It  was  taken  from  German 
Flats,  and  incorporated  in  1796  and  has 
2445  inhabitants. 

WiH-ren,  a  townfliip  of  Oonnedtlcut,  in 
Litchfield  co.  between  the  to\vnfl:!ips  of 
Kent  and  Litchfield,  having  1083  inhabit- 
ants. 

Warren,  a  county  of  Georgi.a  containing 
S3  29  inhabitants,  of  whom  2058  areilaves. 

/Far r<-«,  a  county  in  the  State  of  Ohio. 

IFarren,  a.  county  of  Rennfylvania,  con- 
taining 615,680  acr-es,  and  233  inhabit- 
ants ;  bounded  W  by  Crawford  and  Erie, 
N  by  N.  York,  E  by  Lycoming,  and  S  by 
Venango.    Chief  town,  Warren. 

Warren,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bounded 
E  by  Barren  county,  N  by  Hardin,  N  \V 
by  Ohio  eo.  W  by  Logan,  and  S  by  "J'en- 
eiree.  It  is  interfetn:ed  by  Great  Barren 
rivjcr.  The  inhabitants  are  4645,  of 
whom  41 7  are  flaves. 

Warren's  Point,  on  the  coaft  of  Nova 
Scotia,  is  on  the  E  fide  of  Chebudto  Har- 
bour, about  2  miles  E  of  the  town  of  Hal- 
ifax. It  is  at  the  entrance  of  a  creek, 
vi'hich  receives  Saw  Mill  river  and  other 
ftr  earns. 

Warrenion,  a  poft  town  in  Warren  co. 
683  miles  from  Wafhington,  the  capital 
of  the  United  States. 

Warrington,  the  name  of  two  townfliips 
of  Pennfylvania  ;  the  one  in  York  co.  the 
other  in  Buck's  co. 

War/uw, 


WAS 


WAS 


Warfaiv,  or  JVafaiv,  an  If!  and  and 
found  on  the  coaft  of  Georgia,  between 
the  mouth  of  Savannah  river  and  that  of 
Ogeechee.  The  ifland  forms  the  N  fide 
of  O I ;"abaw  Sound  ;  being  in  a  N  E  direc- 
tion from  Oirabaw  liland.  Wirfaw  Sound 
is  formed  by  the  nirthern  end  of  the  ifl- 
and of  its  name,  and  the  fouthern  end  of 
Tybee  Ifl  md. 

W^r-rjuick^  a  county  of  Virginia,  bound- 
ed N  by  York  county,  and  S  by  James* 
river,  which  fep.rates  it  from  Ifle  of 
Wight  and  Naufemond  counties.  It  is 
the  o'ldeft  countv  of  the  State,  having 
beeneft'ibtifliedin  1628.  It  contains  635 
free  inhabitants,  and  1024  flaves. 

Wa iv'ick,  a  townOiip  of  MaiTachufetts, 
in  HimplLire  co.  incorporated  in  1763. 
It  contains  1233  inhabitant^.  It  is  bound- 
ed N  by  N.  Hampfliire  not  far  E  of  Con- 
neAicut  river,  and  is  80  miles  N  W  of 
Boflon. 

JVar'tv'ici,  the  chief  town  of  Kent  co. 
Rhode  Ifland,  at  the  head  of  Narraganf't 
Bay,  on  the  W  fide  ;  ab'>ut  8  miles  S  of 
Providence.  The  townfliip  contains  ^S^i"^ 
inhabitants,  including  1 7  flaves.  A  cot- 
ton manufadiory  has  been  eftabliflied  In 
this  town  upon  an  exteniive  icale.  One 
rf  Arkwright's  machines  was  erected  here 
in  Auguft,  1795  ;  and  the  yarn  produced 
anfvvers  the  mod  fangulne  expectation. 
This  town  was  the  birth  place  of  ihe  cel- 
ebrated Gen.  Green. 

Warivkk,  a  townfbip  of  N.  York, 
Orange  co.  bounded  E  by  New  Cornwall, 
and  S  by  the  State  of  N.  Jerf*  y.  It  con- 
tains 3816 inhabitants;  and  lies  274  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Warzvick,  the  name  of  two  townfliips 
of  Pennfylvania ;  the  one  in  Buck's  co. 
the  other  in  that  of  Lancafter.  In  the 
latter  is  the  fi:ie  Moravian  fettlement  call- 
ed Litiz  ;  v/hich  fee. 

Warivick,  a  poft  town  of  Maryland, 
Cecil  CO.  on  the  eaftern  fhore  of  Chefa- 
peik  Bay  ;  about  14  miles  Toutherly  of 
£lkton,  8  N  E  of  Georgetown  Cro.s  Roads, 
57  SW  of  Philadelphia,  and  113  from 
Wafliington. 

IVariLuk,  a  fmall  town  of  Cheflerfield 
CO.  Vrginia  ;  agreeably  fituated  on  the 
S  W  fide  of  James'  river,  about  7  miles  S 
S  E  o!  Richmond,  and  1 7  N  of  Pettrfburg. 
VefTels  of  250  tons  bui  den  can  come  10 
this  town.  In  1781,  Benedi(5l  Arnold 
deflr'  yed  many  ve^els  in  the  river  and 
on  the  flocks  at  this  place 

JVaJh-ngtotij  a  county  of  Maine,  and  the 
moll  eafl:erly  part  oi  the    United  States. 


It  is  bounded  S  by  the  ocean,  W  by  Han- 
cock CO.  N  by  L.  Canada,  and  E  by  New 
Brunfwick.  It  was  eredled  into  a  coun- 
ty in  1789  ;  the  only  towns  yet  Incorpo- 
rated are  Machlas,  Steuben,  Columbia, 
Addifon,  Harrington,  and  Eaftport.  The 
coaft  abounds  with  excellent  harbours. 
Althoughthe  winters  are  long  and  fevere  ; 
yet  the  foil  and  produ6tions  are  but  little 
inferior  to  the  other  counties.  The  num- 
ber of  inhabitants  In  this  county  is  4436. 
Chief  town,  Machlas. 

Wajh'ington,  a  maritime  county  of  Rhode 
Ifland ;  bounded  N  by  Kent,  S  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  ;  W  by  Connedtlcut,  and 
E  by  Narraganfet  Bay.  It  is  divided  in- 
to 7  to wnfliips,  and  contains  16,135  in- 
habitants. Chief  town,  South  Kingfl:own, 
^"'■'//S/Mff/cw,  a  county  of  N.  York;  bound- 
ed N  by  ElTex  cu.  S  by  Reuffelaer,  S  W 
by  Saratoga,  W  by  Hudfon  river,  and  E 
by  Vermont.  It  contains  35,574  inhab- 
itants. Salem  is  the  chief  town 

V/ajhington,  a  county  of  Pennfylvania  ; 

fituated  in  the  S  W  corner  of  the  State. 

The  diviiion  line  Is  as  follows,"  beginning 

on  the  IMonongahela  River  at  the  mouth 

of  Ten  mile  creek;  up  faid  Creek  to  Wal- 

laes  rail!  ;  thence    South  v/ellerly  to   the 

\  ridge  between  the  N  and  S  forks  ;  thence 

I  along  the    ridge    to    the    ridge   between 

j  WhalingandTenmile  ;  thence  in  a  ftraight 

j  line   to   the  head   of  Enlows  branch  cf 

i  Whaling  ;  thence  down  the  fame   to  the 

I  W   boundary   line  of  the  State  ;  thence 

I  round  to  the  place   of  beginning."     It  Is 

i  agreeably  diverfiued  with  liiils,  which  ad- 

j  mit  of  eafy  cultivation  quite  to  their  fum- 

mits.      It  is   divided   into    22    townfliips, 

j  and  contains  28,298  Inhabitants.      Mines 

j  of  copper  and  Iron  ore  have  been  found 

j  In  this  county. 

j  Wafoington^  the  capital  of  the  above  co. 
I  and  a  poll  town,  Is  fituated  on  a  branch 
j  of  Charter's  Creek,  which  fal's  Into  Ohio 
j  river,  a  few  miles  below  PIttfburg.  It 
contains  a  brick  court  houfe,  a  (lone  gaol, 
a  large  brick  building  for  the  public  offi- 
ces. A  college  has  been  efl:abliflied  here 
with  a  fund  of  feveral  looo  acres  of  land. 
Here  are  nearly  100  dwelling  houfes.  It  ia 
22  miles  S  S  W  of  Pittflnirg  ;  22  N  W  of 
Brownfville,  (yo  miles  N  by  W  of  Morgan- 
town,  In  Virginia,  325  W  by  N  of  fhila- 
delphia,  and  274  from  Wafliington.  N 
lat.  40  13,  W  ion.  80  6  40.  It  is  remark- 
able ^or  its  manufactures.  There  are 
3  other  townfliips  ot  the  fame  name  In 
Pennfylvania,  viz.  In  Fayette,  Franklin, 
and  Weftmoreland  counties. 

Wiijh'ingtont 


WAS 


WAS 


Wajh'mgion^  a  county  of  Maryland,  on 
the  wefter'i  flioi-e  i.f  Chefapeak  Bay  ; 
bounded  N  by  the  State  of  Pennfylvaii'a ; 
E  by  Frederick  co.  from  which  it  is  divid- 
ed by  S.  Mountain  ;  S  W  by  Ratowmack 
river,  wh'ch  divides  it  from  Virginia,  and 
W  by  Sideling  Hill  Creek,  which  feparat  as 
it  from  Allegiiany  co.  This  is  called  the 
garden  of  Mdryland,  lying  principally 
between  the  North  and  South  Mountains, 
and  includes  the  rich,  fertile^  and  well  cul- 
tivated valley  of  Conegocheague.  Its 
ftreams  furnifla  excellent  mill  feats,  and 
the  lands  are  thought  to  be  the  moft  fer- 
tile In  the  State.  Limeftone  and  iron 
ore  are  found  here.  Furnaces  and  ibrges 
have  been  eredled,  and  confiderable  quan- 
tities of  pig  and  bar  iron  are  maunfacSlur- 
ed.  Chief  town,  Elizabeth  Town.  It 
contains  18,850  inhabitants  and  22CO  be- 
ing flaves. 

Wajhingtmiy  a  CO.  of  Virginia  ;  bounded 
E  and  N  E  by  Wythe  ;  N  W  by  RufTel  ; 
S  by  the  State  of  N.  Carolina,  and  W  by 
Lee.  It  is  watered  by  the  dreams  which 
form  Holfton,  Clinch  and  Powell's  rivers. 
There  is  a  natural  bridge  in  this  county 
fimllar  to  tliat  in  Rockbridge  county.  It 
is  on  Stock  Creek,  a  branch  of  Pelefon 
river.  It  contains  8357  free  inhabitants, 
and  817  flaves.     Chief  town,  Abingdon, 

Wajh'ington,  a  county  of  the  Millifippl 
Territory  containing  1250  inhabitants, 
of  whom  497  are  flaves. 

Wafnagton,  a  CO,  of  N-  Carolina  contain- 
ing 2165  inhabitants  of  whom  645  are 
flaves  ;  at  the  court  houfe  there  is  a  poll 
office. 

WaJh:ngtony  formerly  a  diftricSt  of  the 
Upper  Country  of  S.  Carolina,  perhaps 
the  moft  hilly  and  mountainous  in  the 
State.  Now  divided  into  Greenville, 
and  Pendleton  diftrlifts,  which  fee.  A 
number  of  old  deferted  Indian  towns  of 
the  Cherokee  nation,  are  frequently  met 
with  on  the  Keowee  river,  and  its  tributa- 
ry ftreams  which  water  this  country. 

Wafaington,  2l  county  of  Kentucky, 
bounded  N  E  by  Mercer,  N  W  by  Nelfon, 
S  E  by  L  ncoln,  and  W  by  Hardin.  Con- 
taining 888  7  inhabitants  ;  1 5  82  being  flaves. 

Wajhington,  a  county  of  Teneffee.  Wafli- 
ington  college  is  <  flabliflied  in  this  county 
by  the  legillature.  It  contains  6377  in- 
habitants, of  whom  533  are  flaves. 

Wajhtngton^  a  count \r  of  the  State  of 
Ohio,  eredled  in  1788  within  the  follow- 
ing boundaries,  viz.  beginning  on  the 
bank  of  the  Ohio  where  the  weftern  line 
of  Pennfylvaaia  crofles  it,  and  running 
with  that  line  to  Lake  Erie  ;  thence  along 


the  fouthern  fliore  of  that  lake  to  jhe 
mouth  of  Cayahoga  river,  and  up  that 
river  to  the  portage  between  it  and  th« 
Tufcarawa  branch  of  Muikingum :  ;henc« 
down  that  branch  to  the  forks  of  tliecroiV- 
ing  place  above  Fort  Lawrence  ;  thenc« 
with  a  line  to  be  drawn  wefteriy  to  the 
portage  on  that  branch  of  the  Big  Miami, 
on  which  the  fort  ftood  which  was  taken 
from  the  French  in  1752,  until  it  meets 
the  road  from  the  Lower  Shawanele  town 
to  Sandufky  ;  thence  S  to  the  Scicta  R.  to 
the  mouth,  and  thence  up  the  Ohio  to  the 
place  of  beginning.  It  has  fince  been  di- 
vided, andnow  contains  5427  inhabitants, 

Wiipington^  a  county  of  the  U.  Dlftridl 
of  Georgia,  which  contains  15  towns  and 
10.300  inhabitants,  including  2668  flaves. 
Fort  Fidus  is  fituated  in  the  wefternmoft 
part  of  the  county  on  the  E  Iranch  of 
Alatamaha  river.  The  county  is  bound- 
ed on  the  N  E  by  Ogeechee  river.  Num- 
bers have  removed  here  from  Wilkes  co. 
to  cultivate  cotton  in  preference  to  tobac- 
co. This  produce,  though  in  its  infan- 
cy, amounted  to  2o8,ooolbs.  weight  in 
1792.      Chief  town,  Golphinton. 

Wiijbington^  a  town  in  Scott  co.  Ken- 
tucky, has  570  inhabitants. 

IVaJbington^z.  tovin  of  Beaufort  co.  N. 
Carolina,  containing  601  inhabitants. 

JVaJhingtony  a  townflilp  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  12  miles  W  of  Bradford,  and 
contains  510  inhabitants. 

PVaJhington,  a  townflilpof  MafTachufetta, 
in  Berkfliire  co.  7  mile>  S  E  of  Pittsfield, 
8  E  of  Lenox,  and  145  W  of  Eofl:on.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1777,  and  contains 
914  inhabitants. 

/^'^yS;«^/on , a  to WTiflii p  of  N.  Yor k, Dutch- 
cfs  CO.  boL  nded  S  by  Beekman,  and  W  by 
Poughkeeplie  and  Clinton.  It  contains 
2666  inhabitants. 

/F. //?!/«^^&« ,  a  po  fl:  t  o  \vn  o  f  N.  Hampth  i  re, 
Chefliir^co.  firlt  called  Camden.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1776,  and  contains  819 
inhabitants  ;  it  is  la  or  14  miles  E  of 
Charleflown. 

IVafcington^  a  townflilp  of  Connc(^icut, 
in  Ijitchlield  co.  about  7  miles  S  W  of 
Litchfield.     It  has  1568  inhabitants. 

Wajhington  Parijh,  in  Virginia,  on  the 
Patovvmac,  about^o  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Here  the  Grandfather  of  Gen  V/alhing- 
ton,  when  he  came  from  England  in  1657, 
took  up  an  extenliye  tradl  of  uncultivat- 
ed land.  Here  is  the  feat  of  Col.  Wafli- 
ington,  nephew  of  the  General,  and  here 
with  pride  are  fliewn  the  ruins  of  the 
houfe  where  Wujhington,  "  the  Man  of  the 
Age"  was  bora.   A  number  of  Gentlemen 

have 


WAS 


WAS 


jKRve  it  111  contemplation  to  ere  A  a  iiion- 
Oiment  on  the  fpot. 

IVafi'ingion,  a  port  of  cntry  and  pofl: 
town  of  N.  Carolina,  in  Beaufort  co.  on 
the  N  fide  of  Tar  river,  in  iat.  ^s  30  N, 
^o  miles  from  Ocrecock  Inlet,  40  from 
the  mouth  of  Tar  river,  61  S  S  W  of  Ed- 
cnton,  38  N  by  E  of  Newhern,  131  N  E 
by  N  of  Wilmington,  460  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  3ZI  from  Wallilngton  City. 
It  contains  a  court  houfc,  gaol,  about  80 
houfes,and  601  inhabitants.  From  this 
town  are  exported  tobacco  of  the  Peterf- 
burg  quality,  pork,  beef,  Indian  corn, 
peas,  beans,  pitch,  tar,  turpentine,  rofin, 
&c.  alfo  pine  boards,  fliingles,  and  oak 
ftaves.  About  130  vefTeis  enter  annually 
jit  the  cuftom  houfe  in  this  town.  The 
exports  for  a  year,  ending  the  30th  of 
September,  I794>  amounted  to  33,684 
dollars. 

JVaJbinrrton,  a  poft  town  of  Kentucky, 
and  the  capital  of  Mafon  county,  about  3 
miles  S  by  V/  of  the  landing  at  Limeftone, 
on  the  S  fide  of  Ohio  river.  It  contains 
about  100  houfes,and570  inhabitants  ;  a 
Prelbyterian  church,  a  handfome  court 
houfe' and  gaol  ;  and  is  faft  increafing  in 
importance.  It  is  6z  miles  N  E  of  Lex- 
jngTon,  75  N  E  by  E  of  Frankfoit,  700  S 
W'by  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  488  from 
Wafliington  City.  N  Iat.  38  40,  W  Ion. 
84  30. 

IVaJhingioH  Court  Houfc,  in  S-  Carolina, 
is  10  miles  from  Greeuviile,  and  16  from 
Pendleton. 

Wajhingion^  z  poft  towu  of  Georgia,  and 
the  capital  of  Wilkes  co.  50  milts  N  W  by 
\V  of  Auguita,  58  N  by  W  of  Louifville, 
^8  from  Grcenfborough,  and  646  from 
Watliington  city.  It  ftands  on  the  weft- 
ern  fide  of  Kettle  Creek,  a  N  branch  of 
JLittle  river,  which  empties  into  Savannah 
river  from  the  E,  about  56  miles  E  of  the 
town.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tained in  1788,  34  houfes,  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  academy.  The  funds  of  the 
academy  amounc  to  about  800I.  fterling, 
and  the  number  of  fludents  to  between 
^o  and  70  On  the  E  fide  of  the  town, 
a  mile  and  a  half  diftant,  is  a  medicinal 
fpring,  which  rifes  from  a  hollow  tree 
4  or  5  feet  in  length.  The  infide  of  the 
tree  is  covered  wiih  a  coat  of  matter  an 
inch  thick,  and  the  leaves  around  the 
fpring  are  incrufted  with  a  fubftance  as 
white  as  fnow.  N  Iat.  33  12. 

Wafmngton  City,  in  the  territory  of  Co- 
lumbia, wa3  ceded  by  the  State  of  Virginia 
and  Maryland  to  the  United  State,  and 


j  by  thera  cftabliflied  as  the  feat    of  their 
j  government,   after  the  year  1800.     This 
j   city   ftands  at   the  jundtion  of  the  river 
j    Patowmack,  and  the  Eaflern  Branch,  Iat. 
38   5Z   N,   extending   nearly  4  miles  up 
each.     For  although  the  land  in  general 
appears  level,  yet  by  gentle   and  gradual 
fwellings,  a  variety  of  elegant  profpet^^s 
are   produced,  and   a  fufficient  dtfcent 
formed  for  conveying  off  the  water  occa- 
fioned  by  rain.     Within  the  limits  of  the 
city   are   a   great    number   of    excellent 
fprings  ;  and  by  digging  wells,  water  of 
the  bed  quality  may  readily  be  had.     Bc-^ 
fide,   the  never  failing  ftreams   that  nciw 
run  through  that  territory,  may  alfo   be 
colle(5ted  for  the  ufe  of  the  city.     The  wa- 
ters of  Reedy  Branch,  and  of  Tiber  Creek, 
may  be  conveyed  to  the  Prefident's  houfc. 
The   fource  of  Tiber  Creek  is  elevated 
about  236  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tide 
in  faid  Creek.     The  perpendicular  height 
of  the  ground  on  which  the  capitol  ftands, 
is  78  feet  above  the  level  of  the  tide  in 
Tiber  Creek.     The  water  of  Tiber  Creek 
may  therefore   be   conveyed  to  the  capi- 
tol, and  after  watering  that   part  of  the 
city,  may  be  dtftined  to  other  ufeful  pur- 
pofes.     The  Eaftern  Branch  forms  a  fafe 
I  and  commodious  harbour,  being  fuftlcient- 
I  ly  deep  far   the  largeft  fhips,  for  about  4 
I  miles  above  its  mouth,  while   the  channel 
I  lies   clofe  along   the  bank  adjoining  the 
!  city,  and  affords  a  large  and  convenient 
harbour.     The  Patowmack,  although  only 
navigable  for  fmall  craft,  for  a  confidera- 
ble  diftance  from  its  banks  next  the  city, 
(excepting  about  half  a  mile   above  the 
juncflion  of  the  rivers)  will   neverthelefs 
afford  a  capacious  fummer  harbour  ;  as  a 
great  number   of  fliips  may  ride  in   the 
great  channel,  oppofite  to,  and  below  the 
city.    The  lituation  of  this  metropolis  is 
upon  the  great  poft  road,  equi  diffant  from 
the  northern  and  fouthern  extremities  of 
the  Union,  and  nearly  fo  from  the  Atlan- 
tic and   Pittfljurg,  upon  the  beft  naviga- 
tion, and  in   the   midft   of  a  commercial 
territory,  probably  the  richeft,  and  com- 
manding tl)C  moft   extenfvve   internal  re- 
fource  of  any  in  America.     It  has  there- 
fore many  advantages   to   recommend  it, 
as  an  eligible  place  for  the  permanent  feat 
of  the  general  government.     The  plan  of 
this  city  appears  to  contain  fome  import- 
ant improvements  upon  that  of  the  befl: 
planned  cities  in  the  world,  combining,  in 
a  remarkable  degree,  convenience,  regu- 
larity, eleg-ance  of  profpedl,  and  a  free  cir- 
1  culation  of  siir.    The  pofitione  of  the  dif^ 

ferent 


.  W  A  S 


WAS 


ferent  public  edifices,  and  for  the  fevera\ 
fquares    and  areas   of  dilFerent  fliapes  as 
they  are  laid  down,  were  iirft  determined 
on  the  moft  advantageous   ground,   com- 
manding the  moft  exteniive  profpecls,  and 
from  their  fituation,  fufceptible   of  fuch 
improvements  as  either  ufe  or  ornament 
may   hereafter  require.      The   capitol    is 
iituated  on  a  moft  beautiful  eminence,  com- 
manding a  complete  view  of  every  part  of 
the  city,  and  of  a  couflderable  part  of  the 
country  around.     TJie   Prefident's  houfe 
(lands  on  a  rifing  ground,  poiTeiling  a  de- 
liglitful  water  profpedl,  together  with  a 
commanding  view  of  tlie  capitol,  and  the 
moft  material  parts  of  the  city.     Lines  or 
avenues  of  direct  communication,  have 
been  devifed  to  connedt  the   moft  dlftant 
and  important  objetfls.     Thefe  tranfverfe 
avenues,  or  diagonal  ftreets,  are  laid  out 
on  the  moft  advantageous  ground  for  prof- 
pcft  and  convenience,  and  are  calculated 
not  only  to  produce  a  variety  of  charming 
profpedsjbut  greatly  to  facilitate  the  com- 
municatiou   throughout  the  city.     Nand 
S  lines,  interfedled  by  others  running  due 
U  and  W,  make  the  diftribuiion  of  the  city 
into  ftreets,  fquares,   &c.  and  thofe   lines 
have  been  fo  combined,  as  to  meet  at  cer- 
tain given  points,  with  the  divergent  ave- 
nues, fo  as  to  foi-iti,on  the  {pa.cei JI/JI  deh-r- 
jw/«^^,  the  diiTcrent  fquares  or  areas.    I'he 
grand  avenues,  and  fuch  ftreets  as  lead 
immediately  to   public  places,  are   from 
130  to  160  feet  wide,  and  may  be  conven- 
iently divided  into  foot  ways,  a  walk  plant- 
ed with   trees  on  each  lide,  and  a   paved 
way  for  carriages.     The  other  ftreets  are 
from  90  to   no  feet  v/idc.     In  order  to 
execute  this  plan,  Mr.  Ellicott  drew  a  true 
meridional  line   by  celeftial  obfervation, 
which  palTes  through  the  area  intended  for 
the  capitol.     This  line  he  crofled  by  an- 
other, running  due  E  and  W,  which  pafles 
through  the  fame  area.     Thefe  lines  were 
accurately  meafured  and  made  the  bafes 
on  which  the  whole  plan  was  executed. 
He  ran   all   the  lines  by  a  tranfit  iiiftru- 
ment,  and  determined  the  acute  angles  by 
a-ftual   meafurement,  leaving  nothing  to 
the  uncertainty  of  the  compafs.     The  city 
contained  in  1803,  about  880  houfes,  350 
of  brick,  aaid  a  few  of  ftone,  the  reft  are 
of  wood;  many  of  thefe  houfes  are  large 
and  handfome.     Thefe  buildings  are  In  j 
feparate  divHions  or  villages,  one  is  near 
the    capitol,   one    near    the   navy    yard, 
one   at  Greenleaf's  Point,  one  Tiear   the 
Prefident's  houfe,  and   one  near  George- 
towH.    Thi$  laft  is  the  fmalleft,  and  that 


at  Greenleaf's  Point  is  the  moft  folltary. 
Of  7  ranges  of  buildings,  each  having  froni 
Z  to  4  tenements,  a  and  3  ftories  high, 
not  more  than  3  are  inhabited,  all  the  oth- 
er large  and  elegant  buildings  are  falling 
into  ruins.  Of  a6  brick  houfes,  a  ftorles 
high  near  the  capitol,  not  more  than  3  or 

4  are  habitable.  The  others  are  rapidly 
decaying,  Tliere  are  3  places  for  public 
worfliIp,one  for  Roman  Catholics,  one  for 
Baptfts,  and  one  for  Epifcopalians.  Dun- 
ing  the  fellion  of  Congrefs  tlie  chaplains 
arc  permitted  to  preach  in  the  reprcl'enta- 
tives'  room.  The  hall  of  the  treafury  de- 
partment is  alfo  occahonallyufed  forpublic 
worfliip.  The  Prelident's  houfe  Is  170  by 
85  feet,  two  ftories  high.  It  is  built  of  free 
v.'hite  ftonc,  the  roof  covered  with  flate. 
The  plan  of  the  capitol  is  to  prefcnt,  when 
completed,  a  front  of  361  feet,  but  only 
the  N  wing  Is  yet  crc6ted.  The  Hotel 
ftands  at  the  corner  of  7th  and  8th  ftreets, 
extending  60  feet  on  the  firft,  120  on  the 
other.  The  building  is  of  brick,  the 
bafemcnt  is  of  cut  white  ftonc,  10  feet 
high,  halt'  of  which  is  under  ground.  It 
is  three  ftories  high;  the  firft  and  ftcond 
are  14  feet  high,  tlie  third  is  eleven.  The 
gaol  is  too  fett  by  i6,  two  ftories  high,  the 
Iirft  9  the  fecond  8  feet  high.  In  the  ci- 
ty are  three  market  houfes.  At  the  navy 
yard  are  three  large  brick  buildings  for 
the  reception  of  naval  ftores.  Barrack* 
are  ereAed  for  the  marines,  having  a 
front  of  3C0  feet.  A  canal,  connetStm^ 
Tiber  creek  with  the  Eaftern  Branch,  has 
bteii  partially  executed  for  a  number  of 
years  ;  the  tide  flows  into  it  5  or  6  Inches 
deep.  At  Greenleaf's  Point  i?  a  powder 
magazine  and  a  guard  houfe.  Two 
bridges  are  built  over  Rock  crtek,  which 
divides  the  city  from  Georgetown.  The 
bridge  near  the  mouth  of  the  creek  hag 
three  arches,  is  about  135  feet  in  length, 
and  36  wide.  The  other,  630  yards  a- 
bove,  is  fupported  by  piles, is  about  aSo 
feet  long  and  18  wide.  The  public  olli- 
ces  occupy  two  buildings,  each  about  450 
feet  from  the  Prefident's  houfe,  and  hav- 
ing a  front  of  120  feet,  60  feet  wide,  two 
ftories  high,  with  a  white  ftone  bafement 

5  or  6  feet  above  the  furface  of  the 
ground  ;  each  ftory  is  16  feet  high.  The 
treafury  department  has  erc&itd  two 
buildings,  each  two  ftories  high,  for  the  ac- 
commodationof  Itsmefiengers,&c.  Wafh- 
ingtnn,  is  feparated  from  Georgetown,  ia 
Montgomery  co.  Maryland,  on  the  W  by 
Rock  Creek,  but  that  town  is  now  with- 
in the  tejrritory    of  Columbia,      It  is  4Z 

tailor 


WAS 


WAT 


miles  S  W  by  S  of  Baltimore,  876  from 
Paffimaquoddy,  in  rhe  diRridl:  of  Maine, 
500  from  Bofton,  248  from  N.York,  144 
from  Philadelphia,  133  from  Richmond, 
in  Virginia,  232  from  Halifax, in  N.  Car- 
olina, 630  from  Charlcrton,  S.  Carolina, 
and  794  from  Savannah,  in  Georgia. 

Wajbington  College^  in  Maryland.  See 
.   Cbejicrtoivn, 

Wajb'wgtcn  D'frili,  the  territory  in  Ten- 
eflee,  over  which  the  jurildi^tion  of  the 
Superior  Court  of  law  and  equity  extends, 
contains  the  counties  ot  Sulivan,  Wafliing- 
ton.  Green,  H  iwkins  and  Carter.  It  has 
35,583  inhabitants,  iuciucing  2514  flaves. 

PVaJhingtonja.  poft  town  in  Culpcpperco. 
Virginia,  79  miles  from  Wafliington  City. 

IVaJhington^  Fort.xw  the  ftate  of  Ohio,  is 
lituated  on  the  N  hank  of  the  river  O- 
hio,  wcftward  of  Little  Miami  river,  and 
45  miles  N  W  of  Wafliington,  in  Ken- 
tucky.    See  Cincinnati. 

IVaJhington,  Mount^  a  fmall  townfhip  of 
MafTachuletts,  Berkfliire  co.  in  the  3  W 
corner  of  the  ftate,it  was  Incorporated  in 
1779,  and  contains  914  inhabitants. 

Wafiington^  Mount,  one  of  the  White 
Mountains  of  N.  Hampfhire,  which 
makes  fo  majefiic  an  appearance  all  a- 
long  the  fliore  of  the  eaftcrn   counties  of 

MaflachufettS.      See  White  Mountains. 

Wiijbitigtvns  IJlcimh,  on  the  N  W  coafl 
of  N.  America.  The  largefl  is  of  a  trian- 
gular fiiape,  the  point  ending  on  the 
fouthvvard  at  Cape  St.  James's,  in  N  lat. 
51  58.  Sandy  Point,  at  its  N  E  extremi- 
ty, is  in  lat.  54  %%  N.  Its  longitude  W 
extends  from  Hope  Point,  the  N  W  ex- 
tremity, 226  37,  to  Sandy  Point,  in  12S 
45.  Port  Ingraham,  Perkins,  and  Magee 
Sound,  lie  on  the  weflern  fide  of  the  ifl- 
and  ;  on  the  eaftern  fide  are  the  following 
ports  from  N  to  S  ;  Skeetkifs,  or  Skitkifs 
Harbour,  Port  Cummafhawa,  Kleiws 
Point,  Smoke  Port,  Kanfkceno  Point, 
Port  Geyers,  Port  Ueah,  and  Port  Stur- 
gis.  Capt.  Cook,  when  he  paffed  this  ifl- 
and,  fuppofed  it  to  be  a  part  of  the  con- 
tinent, as  the  weather  at  the  time  was 
tWick,  and  the  wind  boifterous,  which 
obliged  him  to  keep  out  at  fea,  till  he 
made  the  weftern  cape  of  the  continent 
in  about  lat.  55  N.  Capt.  Dixon  difcov- 
cred  thefe  illands  in  1787,  and  named 
them  Queen  Charlotte's  Iflands.  Capt. 
Gray  difcovered  them  in  1789,  and  call- 
ed them  Wafliingtou's  Iflands.  There  are 
three  principal  iflands,  befide  many  fmall 
ones.  It  is  conjc<5tured  that  they  make  a 
part  of  the  Archipelago    of    St,  Lazarus. 


W.ipcmafcin,  an  ifland  in  th^e  Gulf  ol 
St.  Lawrence,  on  the  ci.afl:  ot  Labrador. 
N  lat.  50  3,  W  Ion,  59  SS- 

WaJJ'a"ju  IJland.      See  Warfaiv. 

Wataguaki  Ijles,  on  the  coafl  of  I^abra- 
dor,  and  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  lie 
near  the  fliore,  N  E  of  Ounpitougan  Ifle, 
and  S  W  of  Little  Mecatina,  about  10  or 
IS  leagues  from  cac!i. 

WjtJiiga,  a  river  of  Tenefl^ee,  which 
rifcs  in  Bin  ke  county,  N.  Carolina,  aad 
falls  into  Halfloa  river,  15  milea  above 
Loiig  I. 

Watch  Point,  lies  to  the  northward  of 
Fiflic^r's  Ifland,  in  Long  ifland  Sound,  and 
W  S  W  7  leagues  from  Block  Ifl^uid. 

Watdhoo,  an  iflinJ  in  the  South  Pacific 
Ocean  ;  a  beautiful  fpot,  about  6  mile* 
long  and  a  broad.  N  lat.  20  i,  W  ion. 
158  15. 

Wuterhoro:!gh^  a  pofl  to^vn  in  York  co. 
Maine,  580  miles  from  Wafliington,  lying 
on  and  bounded  N  by  Litiu  Oiltpee 
river,  E  by  Phillipfburgh  aad  W  by 
Shapleigh.  1'he  fources  of  the  North- 
erly branch  of  Moufom  River  arc  nx 
this  town,  and  pafs  foutherly  through 
Alfred  into  Wells 

Wjterbori/iigh,!i  townfliip  ofthe  diflricl 
of  Maine,  York  co.  on  Moufom  river,  15 
miles  N  W  of  Wells,  and  no  from  Bof- 
ton. It  was  infforporattd  in  1787,  and 
contains  905  inhabitants. 

Waterbury,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
Chittenden  CO.  feparated  from  Dujcbury 
on  the  S  W  by  Onion  river.     I^  contain* 
,  93  inhabitants. 

I       Waterbury,  the   N  wc'leJnmcfl:   town- 
I  fhip  of  New  Haven  co.  Crnrr-tTbicm,  call- 
ed by  the  Indians  Mutrelvck.      It  was  fet- 
tled in  1671, and  is  divided  into  the  par- 
iflies  of  Northbury,  Salem,  and  S.  Britain. 

Waterei,  a  branch  of  Saniee  river,  S. 
Carolina. 

Waterford,  a  town  in  Caledonia  county, 
Vermont,  formerly  Littleton,  which  fee. 

IVaterford,  a  port  town  in  York  county, 
Maine,  95  miles  N  of  York,  and  651  from 
Wafliington.  Crooked  River  runs 
through  this  town  on  its  N  eafterlyCde, 
and  pafles  S  eaflerly  through  Otisfield 
and  Raymond  into  Sebakook  pond. 

Waterford,  or  Le  Beuf,  a  poft  town  in 
Crawford  co.  Pennfylvania,  372  miles 
.from  Wafhington. 

Waterfordy  a  poft  town  in  Loudon  co. 
Virginia,  55  miles  from  Wafliington. 

Waterford,  a  new  townfliip  in  York  co. 
diftricl  of  Maine,  incorporated  February, 

IV at  erf  or  d'^ 


WAT 


W  E  A 


WuterforJ,  a  new  townfliip  in  York  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  FelTTuary,  1797- 

Waterford,  a  townfliip  of  Gloucefter  co. 
New  Jerfey. 

Waterford^  a  neat  village  of  N.  York,  in 
the  townfliip  of  Half  Moon,  which  fee. 

Waterlandy  an  ifland  in  the  S.  Pacific 
Ocean,  fo  named  by  Le  Maire.  S  lat.  14 
46,  W  long.  144  10. 

Waterquech'ie^  or  ^echy^  a  fmall  river 
of  Vermont,  which  empties  into  Connec- 
ticut River  in  Hartland. 

)Vaterto'wny  a  very  pleafant  town  in 
Middlefex  co.  MaiTac'hufetts,  7  miles  weft 
by  north-weft  of  Bofton.  Charles  River 
is  navigable  for  boats  to  this  town,  7 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  Bofton  harbour. 
The  townfliip  contains  1,091  inhabit- 
ants, and  wjiS  incorporated  in  1 630.  That 
celebrated  apoftle  oF  the  Indians,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  EUot,  relates  that  in  the  year  1670, 
a  ftrange  phenoriienon  r.ppearcd  in  a  great 
pond  at  Watertowa,  where  the  fifli  all 
died;  and  as  many  as  could,  thruftthem- 
fclves  on  fliore,  and  there  died.  It  was 
cftimatcd  that  not  lefs  than  20  cart-loads 
lay  dead  at  (mtc  round  the  pond.  An 
eel  was  found  alive  in  the  fandy  border 
tof  the  pond,  and  upon  being  caft  again 
into  its  natural  element,  it  wriggled  out 
again,  as  faft  as  it  could,  and  died  on  the 
iliore.  The  cattle,  accuftomed  to  the 
water,  refufed  to  drink  it  for  3  days, after 
which  they  drank  as  ufual.  When  the 
jfifli  began  to  come  afiiore,  before  they 
died,  many  were  taken,  both  by  Englifli 
and  Indians,  and  eaten  without  any  in- 
^iury. 

IVatertoivn,  a  townfliip  in  Litchfield  co. 
Conne(5t!  cut;  It  is  about  a6  miles  N  N  W 
•f  New  Haven. 

Water  Vliet,  ah  eitenfive  townfliip  of 
New  York,  Albany  co.  on  the  W  lide  of 
Hudfon  River,  and  includes  the  village 
of  Hamilton,  and  the  i Hands  in  the  river 
iieareft  the  W  fide.  It  is  bounded  W  by 
the  manor  of  Renflelaerwyck,  and  con- 
tained, in  17  90,  7,419  inhabitants,  includ- 
ing 707  llavcs.  In  1796,  there  were  600 
«f  the  inhabitants  qualified  elector*. 

Watlund  IJIand,  one  of  the  Bahama  Ifl- 
ands  in  the  Weft  Indies.  Tiie  S  point  is 
in  lat.  24  N,  and  long.  74  W. 

I'Vatfon^  Fort,  in  S.  Carolina,  was  fitu- 
ated  on  the  N  E  bank  of  Santee  River, 
abput  halfway  between  the  mouth  of  the 
Congaree  and  Nelfon's  Fort,  on  the  bend 
of  the  river  oppofite  the  Eutaw  Springs, 
Its  garrifou  of  1x4  men  being  bcHeged 
bv   Gen.   Greene,  furxcndcrcd  in  April, 


1781.  He  then  marched  with  his  itvii^ 
force  againfl  Camden,  higher  up  tht 
river. 

JVaukeayue,  a  village  In  the  townfliip  of 
Sullivan,  in  the  Diftri^of  Maine,  9  mile* 
from  Defert  Ifland. 

Waivafmh^  z.  village  in  New  York,  oa 
Rondout  ICill,  a  branch  of  Walkill,  7  mile* 
W  of  New  Pakz,  and  la  S  W  of  Efopus. 

IVaivimchtanos,  and  T%uichtiveesy  two  In- 
dian tribes,  rcfiding  chiefly  between  Sci- 
ota  and  Wabafli  Rivers. 

iVayne,  a  county  in  the  N  W  Territory, 
laid  out  in  the  fall  of  1796,  now  a  terri- 
torial jurifdi(5tion,  having  3,206  inhab- 
itants. 

W'ayne^  a  couiity  of  Newbern  diftrlcftj 
N.  Carolina  ;  bounded  N  by  Edgecomb, 
and  S  by  Giafgow.  It  contains  6,133  in- 
habitants, inclufive  of  1,557  flavcs. 

JVayne^  A  towndiip  of  Mifflin  CO,  Pcnn- 
fylvania. 

U'''ayne,  Fort^  in  the  N  W  Territory,  i» 
fituated  at  the  head  of  the  Miami  of  the 
Lake,  near  the  Old  Miami  Villages,  at  the 
confluence  of  St.  Jofeph's  and  St.  Mary's. 
Rivers.  It  is  a  fquare  fort  with  baftion* 
at  each  angle,  with  a  ditch  and  parapet, 
and  could  contain  500  men,  but  has  onlj- 
300  with  16  pieces  of  cannon.  It  is  ij© 
miles  N  by  W  of  Cincinnati,  and  200  W 
by  S  of  Fort  Defiance.  The  Indians  ced- 
ed to  the  U.  States  a  iradt  of  land  6  milc» 
fquare,  where  this  fort  ftands,  at  the  late 
treaty  of  peace  at  Greenville* 

JVayneJhorough,  a  poft  town  of  NortJx 
Carolina,  24  miles  from  Kingfton,  50  S  i 
from  Raleigh,  and  498  from  Philadelphia. 

Waynejhot oiigh ,  a  poft  town  in  Burk   CO. 

Georgia,  30  miles  S  of  Augufta,  25  N  E  of 
Louifville.  No  river  of  confequence  paf- 
fes  near  this  town  ;  yet  being  the  place 
where  both  the  fuperior  and  inferior 
courts  are  held,  it  is  in  a  profperous  con- 
dition. 

IVeare,  a  townfliip  of  New  Hampfliirc. 
fituated  in  Hillfborough  county,  18  miles 
fouthwefterly  of  Concord,  60  W  of  Purti- 
mouthi  and  70  N  W  of  Bofton.  It  wa* 
incorporated  in  1764,  and  coiUaincd  ia, 
1790  1,924  inhabitants. 

Weathersfield^  a  townfliip  of  Windfor  CO. 
Vermont,  on  the  W  lide  of  Conne^ftlcut 
River,  between  Windfor  on  the  N,  and 
Springfield  on  the  S.  Afcutncy  Moun- 
tain lies  partly  in  this  townfliip,  and  iu 
that  of  Windfor.  It  is  a  flourifliing  town, 
aud  contained  In  1790  1,097  inhabitant*.         ^ 

V/eathitsfiddy  a  poft  town  of  C(»nne<fll- 
cut,  plcafantly  fituated  in  HartJford  co. 


W  E  L 


E  1.' 


♦n  the  W  lidc  of  CcnnctEHcut  River,  4 
miles  S  of  Hartford,  11  N  of  Middleton, 
36  N  by  E  of  New  Haren,  and  218  N  E 
of  Philadelphiri.  This  town  was  fettled 
hi  1635  or  1636,  by  emigrants  from  Dor- 
fikcfter  in  MalTachufetts,  and  has  a  fertile 
4ind  luxuiiant  foil.  It  cor.fiftsof  between 
oco  and  300  houfes,  and  has  a  very  ele- 
gant brick  meeting-houfc  for  Congrega- 
tionalifls.  The  inhabitants  are  generally 
•wealthy  farmers ;  and  belide  the  cora- 
men  produ'iC'ons  of  the  country,  raifc 
great  quantities  cf  onions,  which  are  ex- 
ported to  oiiT-^Mst  parts  of  the  U.  States, 
ind  to  the  Weft  ludicsi 

IVeMuilc'jieau  Toiuns,  Indian  villages  on 
Waballx  River,  dcftroyed  by  Generals 
Scort  and  Wllkinfon,  in  179T, 

Wi;aus,  or  Weess,  an  Indiun  tribe  whofe 
towns  lie  on  the  head  waters  of  Wabaih 
River.  At  the  treaty  of  Greenville  they 
ceded  a  tradTt  of  land,  6  miles  fquare,  to 
the  United  States. 

W^taier's  Lah,  in  the  State  of  N.  York, 
3  miles  N  W  of  Lake  Otfcgo.  It  13  2 
ihiles  long;  and  i\  broad. 

Webhamet  River ^  in  Maine,  is  the  prin- 
cipal entr.-ncc  by  wat«r  to  the  town  of 
Wells,  in  York  comity.  It  has  2  barred 
harbour. 

Weclqudaiil^  a  Moravian  fettlcmcnt 
made  by  the  United  Brethren,  in  Penn- 
fylvania,  behind  the  Blue  Mountains. 
In  176c,  the  Bethlehem  congregation 
purchafed  1400  acres  of  land  f<ir  the 
Chriflian  Indians.  In  1763,  it  was  de- 
ftroycd  by  white  favages,  wha  inhabited 
near  Lancader  ;  they  iikcwifc  murdered 
many  of  the  peaceable  Indians  icided 
here.  It  was  finally  deftroyed  by  the 
Americans  d«ring  the  late  war.  It  lies 
aho'.it  30  miles  N  VV  by  Wof  Beti.'.ehem. 

WnjenLerg,  a  townfliip  of  Northampton 
CO.  PenmVlvania. 

Welch  Mt^n'itti'ms  arefituated  in  ChePcr 
CO.  Pcnnfylvania.  Belides  other  flreams, 
Brandywuie  Creek  rifes  here. 

IVelcb  Tra6ii  a  fmall  territory  of  Pcnn- 
fylvania, fo  named  becaufc  iirlt  fettled  by 
Wvlchmen.  There  are  a  niimbcr  of  Irnail 
towns  in  it,  a»  H;iverford-WtR,  Merion- 
eth, &:c.  It  is  pretty  thickly  inhcihitrd 
hv  an  induftrious,  hardy  and  thtivinir 
->coplc.  |! 

Welc-.ns,  Sir  T/jones  R-es,  or  ..Y^  Ultra,  \\ 

\ay  or  ftrait  in  that  part  of  Hudfon's 

\   which   runs  up    to    the   N   round 

^Cape  Southampton, op'niiig  between 

and  63  N.     On  tiic  W  or  N  fiiorc 

'^r  head  land,  called   the  iiope  by 

VliUdlcton,  ill  lat.  66  jo  N, 


Wslipd,  a  townfliip  of  Maffachufett?,, 
in  Barnftable  co.  on  the  pcninfuli  called 
Cape  Cod;  S  E  from  Boftcr.,  diftant  by 
land  105  miles,  by  water  60,  and  from 
Plymouth  light-lioufe  8  leagues.  The 
harbour  is  large,  indented  within  w^ith 
creek-*,  where  veflela  of  70  or  80  tons 
may  lie  fafe  in  what  is  called  the  Deep 
Hole.  The  Lind  is  barren,  and  the  tim- 
ber is  fmall  pitch-pine  and  oak.  Itefoie 
it  was  incorp:irated  in  1763,  it  was  call- 
ed the  Nntth  Prgchif.f  of  Eaftlam,  and 
was  originally  included  in  the  Indian 
Skenheit  ?A\<S  FavieU  In  1790,  h  cftntaintd 
II 17  inhabitants.  Since  the  i^Vetnory  of 
people  now  living,  there  have  been  in  this 
fmall  town  30  pair  of  twins,  bcfkles  two 
births  that  produced  three  t'*r\iy  Th? 
method  of  killing  gulls  in  the  gull  houfe» 
is,  no  doubt,  an  Indian  invc?ation,  and  al- 
fo  that  of  k'lling  hires  and  few!  upon  th« 
beach  in  dark  nignts.  The  gull  houfe  \^ 
built  with  crotchets  fixed  in  the  ground 
on  the  beach,  and  covered  widi  poles, 
the  Tides  being  covered  with  IVakes  and 
fea-wecd,  and  the  poles  on  the  top  cov- 
ered witlv  lean  «'ha!c.  The  man  being, 
placed  within,  is  not  difcovercd  by  the 
fowls,  and  while  they  are  contending 
for  and  eating  the  iiTh,  he  draws  theni 
in  one  by  one  between  the  poic>,  until 
he  lias  collected  40  or  50.  This  num- 
ber has  ofien  been  taken  m  a  morning. 
The  method  of  killing  fmall  birds  and' 
fowl  that  perch  on  the  beach,  is  by  mak- 
ing a  light ;  the  preitnt  mode  is  with 
hog's  lard  in  a  frying  pan:  but  the  In- 
dians are  fuppo.''ed  to  have  ui'ed  a  pine 
tarch,  Birds,  in  a  dark- night,  will  flock 
to  ih«  light,  and  may  be  killed  with  a 
walk.iug-canc.  It  muft  be  curious  to  a 
countryman  who  lives  at  a  diftancc 
from  the  fea,  to  be  acquainted  with 
the  method  of  killing  black-fifli.  Th^ir 
fizc  is  from  4  to  5  tons  weight,  when 
full  grov;n.  When  they  come  v^ithin 
the  hari5;)ur9,  boats  lurround  them,  a. id 
they  art  as  cafiiy  driven  on  Ihore,.  as 
cattle  or  fliecp  are  driven  on  the  land. 
The  tide  lenvts  them,  and  they  are  ealily 
killed.  They  are  a  hfli  of  the  whale 
kii.d,  and  will  average  a  barrel  of  oil 
each  :  4C0  have  been  fecn  at  one  time  on 
the  fliorc.  Gl  late  years  thefe  fifii  rarely 
cc^me  into  the  harbours.  The  inhabit- 
ants own  25  veflels  from  30  to  ico  tons, 
eraiployed  in  the  whale,  cod,  and  macke- 
rel fiflicrjjes,  and  in  carrying  oyflcrs  to 
Bof^'on. 

IVdlt^  a  fmall,  but  rapid  river  of  Vcr- 

ir*oiit. 


WEN 


WES 


«K>nt,  which,  after  a  f}\ort  S  I  cnurfe,  | 
^■np'ties  into  Connedlicut  River,  below  « 
ihe  Narrows^  and  in  the  N  E  corner  of  1 
Jv'ewbury.  Its  ir.outh  is  40  yards  wide, 


on  the  coaft  of  Peru,  W  of  Cape  Fran- 
cs fco. 

IVfTitrvortl.,  a  townfliip  of  New  Hamp- 
fiiire,  Grafton  co,  containing  488  inh?,bit- 


IVeils^  a  towniliip  cf  Vermont,  Rutland  [  ants.     It  was  incorporated  in  1766,  and  is 

S  E  of  Oxford,  adjoining. 

JVefcl^  a  village  of  N.  Jerfev,  Eilex  c©. 
on  Pallaick  River,  a  miles  N  W  of  Ac- 
quakcnunk,  and  5  Wof  Hackinfack. 
l-Vefo'U'r/lea^,  the    Indian  name    of  St. 

I  Georgf,'s  River,  in  Lincoln  co.  Maine. 

1  ^Vcjl,  or  IFantaJiiqiiei,  a  riv«r  of  Ver- 
mont, has  its  main  fource  in  Bromley, 
about  3  miles  S  E  from  the  head  of  Otter 
Creek.  After  receiving  7  or  8  fmaller 
ftreams,  and  running  about  37  miles,  it 
falls  into  Connedlicut  River  at  Brattle- 
borough.  It  is  the  largcfi  of  the  ftreanii 
on  the  £  fide  of  the  Green  Mountains; 
and  at  its  mouth  is  ?ibout  1$  rods  wide, 
and  10  or  12  feet  deep.  A  number  of 
figures,  or  infer  iptions  are  yet  to  be  feca 
upon  the  recks  at  the  mouth  of  this  riv- 
er, fceming  to  allude  to  the  affairs  of  war 
among  the  Indians  :  but  their  rudencf* 
and  awkv/ardnefs  denote  that  the  form- 
erg  of  them  were  at  a  great  remox'e  from 
the  knowledge  of  any  alphabet. 

Wcf.hcrough,  a  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  Worcefter  co,  34  miles  W  S  W  of 
Bofton,  and  13  E  of  Worcefler,  was  in- 
corporated in  1717,  and  contains  922  in- 
habitants. Among  other  lingular  occur- 
rences in  the  Indian  wars,  the  ftrar.ge  for- 
tune of  Silas  and  Timothy  Rice  is  worthy 
of  notice.  They  were  ions  of  Mr.  Ed- 
mond  Rice,  one  of  the  firfi:  fcttlers  In  this 
tov/n,  and  carried  off  by  the  Indians,  Au- 
gufl:  8,  1704,  the  one  9,  the  other  7  year$ 
of  age.  They  loft  their  mother  tongue, 
had  Indian  wives,  and  children  by  them, 
and  lived  at  Ca^naivaga,  Silas  was  named 
Tvokanoivras^  and  lirnothy,  Oughifoton- 
gnvghton.  Timothy  recommended  himlelf 
fo  much  to  the  Indians  by  liis  pcnttraticu, 
courage,  ftrength,  and  warlike  fpirit,th\t 
he  arrived  to  be  the  third  of  the  6  chitia 
of  the  Cagnatvagas.  In  1740,  he  cama 
down  to  fee  his  friends.  Re  viewed  the 
houfe  where  Mr.  Rice  dwelt,  and  the 
place  wiience  he  with  the  other  children 
were  captivated,of  both  which  he  retair- 
ed  a  clear  reniembrance;  as  lie  did  likewi'e 
of  feveral  elderly  pcrfons  who  were  then 
living,  though  he  had  forgot  the  Enjli^'i 
language.  He  returned  to  Canada,  and, 
it  is  faid,  was  the  chief  who  made  the 
fpeech  to  Gen.  Gage,  in  behalf  of  the 
Cagnav.'agas,  after  the  reduiflion  of  Mont- 
real.   Thefe  men  were  aiive  in  I'i'^o. 


4:0.  betv/cen  Pawlet  and  Poaltney,  and 
contains  2,125  inhabitants.  LakeSt.Auf- 
tin  lies  hi  this  towniliip,  and  is  3  miles 
long.  ?nd  J  broad. 

IVdls,  a  poft  town  of  Maine,  York  co. 
on  the  bay  of  its  name,  about  half  way 
between  Biddeford  -And  York,  and  08 
jniles  N  by  E  of  Bofton,  441  from  Phila- 
delphia, and  575  from  Wafhington.  This 
townCbJp  is  about  lo  miles  long,  and  7 
broad  ^  was  incorporated  in  1653,  and 
<:ontaias  2>-J^9'^  iniiabitsnts.  It  is  bound- 
ed S  E  by  that  part  of  the  fea  called 
WelJs  Bay,  and  N  E  by  Kenncbunk  Riv- 
er, which  fcparates  it  from  Arundel. 
The  fmall  river  Negunket,  perhaps  form- 
erly Oguntiquit,  has  no  navigation,  nor 
mills  of  any  value,  but  noticed,  about 
150  years  ago,  as  the  boundary  hetv/cen 
York  and  Wells.  The  tide  through  Pif- 
cataqua  Bay  urges  itfelf  into  the  marfli- 
cs  at  Welb,  a  few  miles  E  of  Negun- 
ket,  and  forms  a  harbour  for  fmall 
vefTels.  Further  E  in  this  townfhlp  the 
{mail  river  Moufom  is  found  coming 
from  ponds  of  that  ni,me  about  20  males 
from  the  fea.  Several  mills  arc  upon  the 
river,  and  the  inhabitants  have  opened  a 
harbour  by  means  of  a  caaal.  Webha- 
met  River  is  the  principal  entrance  to 
this  town  by  water. 

JVells  £ay,  in  the  townfiiip  abcTC  men- 
tinned, jics  between  Crapes  Porpoife  and 
Kcddock.  The  courfc  from  the  latter  to 
Welii  Car,  is  N  by  E  4  leagues. 

M^eUs  Falls,  in  Delaware  River,  lie  13 
miles  N.W  of  Trento»,  New  Jerfey. 

Wendell^  a  townfliip  of  M.uTachufctfs, 
Hampfliite  co.  90  miles  N  W  of  Bofton. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1781,  and  contains 
737  inhabitants. 

Wendell,  a  townfliip  of  N.  Kampfliire, 
Chelhire  co.  about  15  miles  N  K  of 
Charlcftown,  containing  355  inhabitants-. 
It  was  called  Savillc,  before  its  inci)rpo- 
rntion  in  1781. 

JVcnham,  a  townHiip  of  MafTachufetts, 
EfTcx  CO.  between  Ipfwich  and  Beverly ; 
cti  miles  N  E  by  N  of  Bofton.  It  was  in- 
corporated in  1643,  ^^^"^  contains  476  in- 
iiabitants.  Here  is  a  large  pond,  well 
ftored  with  fifti,  from  which,  and  its  vi- 
cinity to  Salem,  it  was  called  £«<?«,  by  the 
iirft  iettlers,  l 

^/inxi^n,  ^ne  of  the  GaUipago  Iflaiids,  [ 


W  E  & 


WES 


\ 


■  Wefthury^  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  on 
the  S  b^nk  of  St.  Francis  River,  N  E  of 
Afcct,  ar-d  had  only  three  or  four  fami- 
lies in  T803. 

Weji  River  Mouniairiy  in  N.  Hampfhirc, 
in  the  t(wnfhip  of  Cheflerfield,h'es  cppo- 
fite  to  the  mouth  of  Weft  River  ;  and 
from  this  part  of  Connedlicut  River  to 
Pifcataqua  Harbour  on  the  E,  is  90  miles, 
the  broadeft  part  of  the  State.  Here  are 
vifible  appearances  of  volcanic  erup- 
tions. AliO'Jt  the  year  1730,  the  garri- 
fon  of  Fort  Dummer,  4  miles  diftant,  was 
alanred  by  frequent  er.plofions  of  fire 
and  fmokc,  emitted  by  the  mountain. 
Similar  appearances  have  been  obferved 
fmce. 

Wcjl  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  Lake  Superi- 
or, at  its  weficrnrnoft  extremity,  having 
the  i^  ifies  at  its  mouth.  It  receives  St. 
Louis  River  from  the  W. 

WeJi  Bethlehem^  a  townfhip  of  Waililjlg- 
ton  CO.  Pennfylvania. 

IVefi  Bridge-water y  a  poft  town  in  Ply- 
mouth CO.  Mafiachufctts. 

JVeJl  Chejier^  a  county  of  New  York, 
hounded  N  by  Dutchcfs,  S  by  Long  Ifl- 
and  Sound,  W  by  Hudfon  River,  and  E 
by  the  State  of  Connecticut.  It  includes 
Captain's  1/lands,  and  all  the  iOands  in 
the  found  to  the  E  of  Froga  Neck,  and  to 
the  northward  of  the  main  chann^.'l,  It 
contains  -27423  inhabitant?. 

Wejl  defer,  the  chief  tnwnfliip  of  the 
nbove  county;  lyingpartly  in  the  Sound, 
about  15  miles  eaftcrfy  of  N.  York  city. 
It  v.-asmuch  impoveriflied  in  the  late  war, 
and  contains  997  i^ihaoitants. 

Wef.  Chficr,  the  chief  town  of  Chefter 
CO.  Pennfylvania.  containing  about  $0 
houfcs,  a  court-houi'e,  ilone  gaol,  and  a 
Roman  Catholic  church.  It  is  about  25 
milfS  W  of  Philadelphia. 

W.firiy^  a  poft  town  on  the  fea-coafl: 
of  Wafiiington  co.  Rhode  liland,  and  fep- 
ariitcd  from  Stoningfon  in  Connecticut 
hy  Paucatuck  River,  36  miles  W  by  S  of 
Newport.  The  inhabitants  carry  on  a 
^riik  coafting  trade,  and  are  exitnfively 
^gaged  in  the  lilhery.  The  townfliip 
cy.tain.s  2,329  inliabitants. 

Wef:ern,  a  townfliip  of  Maffachufctts, 
in  t'^e  S  W  corner  of  Worccfler  co.  25 
iniie:\E  of  Springfichl,  and  6<;  S  W  by  S 
«r"  Bo^on.     Inhabitants  979. 

Wcf^rn,  Foit,  in  Maine,  was  ere(5led  in 
1752,  on  the  eafl:  bank  of  the  fmall  fall 
which  terminates  the  navigation  of  Kcn- 
^ebeck  River.     It  is   18   miles  from  Ta-  1 
Cor.ntt    i'al!.      StC  Kcnndal  Ri-ucr,     It  is  ' 


in  the  townfliip  of  Augnfl^,  Kcnncbccl^ 
CO.  A  company  was  incorporated  \n^ 
Feb.  1796,  to  build  abridge  over  the  riy-t 
er  at  this  place. 

IVefetn  Frecin^/m  Soroerfct  CO,  N.  Jcr- 
fey,  contained  in  1790,  1,875  inhabitants. 

Weffeld,  a  townlhip  of  Vermont,  Or- 
leans CO.  S  of  Jay. 

Weffeldy  a  pleafant  ppfl  town  of  Maf- 
fachufetts,  Hampfliire  co.  on  the  river  of 
this  name,  in  a  curious  vale,  xo  miles  W 
of  Springrield,  34  E  of  Stockbridgc,  52  S 
W  of  Worccfter,  105  V/  S  \Y  of  Bofton, 
and  4 CO  from  Wafliington.  It  contains  a 
Congregational  church,  an  academy,  and 
about  50  or  60  compadl  houfes.  The 
townfliip  waa  incorporated  in  1669,  and 
contains  2,185  inhabitants. 

WePfield,  a  fmall  river  which  rifes  it; 
Bcrkfliire  co.  Maflachufetts,  and  runs 
nearly  a  S  E  courfe  through  Middlefield, 
Weflfield,  and  Weft  Springfield,  where  it 
empties  into  the  ConnecHiicut,  by  a  mouth, 
about  "TyO  yards  wide. 

Weftfcld^  a  poU  town  of  Ncav  York,  Sar-r 
atoga  CO.  bounded  S  by  Kingfoury,and  N 
by  Whitehall.  It  contains  2  J02  inhabit- 
ants.    It  lies  E  of  I^ake  George. 

IVeffidd,  in  Richmond  co.  New  Yorkj, 
containing  1,208  inhabitants. 

JVeJtJicld,  a  fmall  tovyn  in  EfTcx  co.  New 
Jerfey,  containing  a  Prefbyterian  churchy 
and  about  40  compacfl  houfes.  It  is  about 
7  or  8  miles  W  of  Elizabeth  Town. 

If^cjl  Florida.      See  Lonifiana. 

V/tf.fordy  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
Chittenden  co,  N  E  of  Co'chefter,  adjoin-* 
ing,  and  contain.^?  648  inhal)itants. 

iVefford,  a  poft  town  cf  Maflachufetrs, 
in  Middlefex  co.  28  mile.s  N  W  pf  Boftonj 
and  contains  1,267  inhabitants.  In  the 
year  1792-  an  academy  was  cftablifliecj 
here. 

IVe/}  Grecnivich,  a  townfliip  in  Kent  CO. 
Rhode  Ifland,  containing  1,757  inhabit-, 
ants. 

W-.fbam^  a  fmall  town  of  Virginia,  Hen- 
rlc.)  CO.  on  the  N  bank  of  James'  River^ 
6  miles  N  W  by  W  of  Richmond.  Here 
Benedidt  Arnold  deftroyed  one  of  the 
lliieft  foundaries  for  cannon  in  America,^ 
a,ad  a  large  quantity  of  ftores  and  cannon, 
in  Jan.  17  81, 

W.Jihanfton^  Z  poft  town  in  Suffolk  co. 
New  York,  329  miles  from  Wafliington. 

JVeJfhayipian,  a  townlliip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts, Hampfliire  to.  7  miles  weftcrly  of 
Northampton.  It  contains  756  inhabit- 
ants. 

IV,JI  Hark'urj  «n  the  S  coaft  of  the  i fl- 
an^ 


W  ^  3 


WES 


and  of  Jamaica,  is  to  the  N  of  Portland 
point.  There  is  good  anchorage,  but  ex- 
pofed  to  S  and  S  E  winds* 

IVeJi  Haven,  a  pirifli  of  the  townfliipof 
New  Ha\'cn,  in  Conncdicut,  pleafantly 
fituated  on  the  Harbour  and  Sound,  3 
miles  W  S  W  of  the  city. 

fVcf  Indies^  a  multitude  of  ifiands  be- 
tween N.  and  S.  America,  which  were  fo 
named  at  fir  ft,  on  the  prefumption  that 
they  extended  lb  as  form  a  connexion 
with  thofe  of  the  Eaft  Indies.  The  falla- 
cy of  the  fuppnfition  was  foon  difcovered  ; 
the  name,  however,  has  been  retained, 
to  prevent  confufion  in  geographical  ac- 
counts of  the  ifiands.  The  continent  was 
alfo  fomctimes  called  by  this  name,  till  its 
natural  divilion  being  more  attended  to,  it 
obtained  a  diftindl  appellation.  Sec  Carib- 
bee  IJlands  and  Antilles.  They  lie  in  the 
form  of  a  bow,  or  femicirclc,  ftretching 
almcfl  from  the  coaft  of  Florida  N,  to  the 
river  Oronoko,  in  the  main  continent  of 
S.  America.  Such  as  are  worth  cultiva- 
tion, now  belong  to  five  European  pow- 
ers, viz.  Great  Britain,  Spain,  france, 
Holland,  and  Denmark. 

The  Bntijh  claim 
Jamaica,  Nevis, 

Barbadocs,  Montferrat, 

St.  Chriftophers,       Barbuda, 
Antigua,  Anguilla, 

Grenada,  and  the      Bermudas, 

Grenadines,  The  Bahama  Jilands. 

Pominica, 
St.  Vincent, 

Sf>ain  claims 
Cuba  Trinidad, 

Porto  Rico,  Margaretta. 

The  French  claim 
(St.  Domingo,  or    Guadalrupe, 

Hifpaniola  is       St.  Lucia, 

independent.)     Tobago. 
MartiiMCO, 

The  Dutch  claim 
St.  Euftatia,  Curaffou,  or  Curacoa. 

Saba, 

Denmark  claims 
St.  Croix,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  John's. 

Sivcd^n  alfo  polT'efles 
The  fmall  ifland  of  St.  Bartliolompw. 

The  climate  in  all  the  Wefl-lndia  ill- 
ands  is  nearly  the  fame,  allowing  for 
chofe  accidental  differences  which  the 
fevcral  fituatjons  and  qualities  of  the 
lands  themfelves  produce.  As  they  lie 
within  the  tropics,  and  the  fun  goes  quite 
over  their  heads,  p^.fling  beyond  them  to 
tht  north,  and  never  returning  farther 
^oin  any  of  then>  than  about  30  deorees 


to  the  fouth,  they  would  be  continually 
fubje(5led  to  an  extreme  and  intolerable 
heat,  if  the  trade  winds,  rifing  gradually 
as  the  fun  gathers  ftrength,  did  not  blow 
in  upon  them  from  the  fea,  and  refrefh 
the  air  in  fuch  a  manner,  as  to  enable 
them  t»  attend  their  concerns  even  under 
the  meridian  fun,  On  the  other  hand, 
as  the  night  advances,  a  breeze  begins  tQ 
be  perceived,  which  blows  fmartly  from 
the  land,  as  it  were  from  the  centre,  to- 
wards the  fea,  to  all  points  of  the  com- 
pafs  at  once.  By  the  fame  remarkable' 
Providence  in  the  difpofing  of  things,  it 
is,  that  when  the  fun  has  made  a  great 
progrefs  towards  the  tropic  of  Cancer, 
and  becomes  in  a  manner  vertical,  he 
draws  after  him  a  vafl:  body  of  clouds, 
which  fliield  them  from  his  direcl  beams, 
and  diiToIying  into  rain,  cool  the  air,  and 
refrefli  the  country,  thirfty  with  the  long 
drought,  which  commonly  prevails  frcn^ 
the  beginning  of  January  to  the  latter 
end  of  May.  The  rains  malce  the  only 
diftindlion  of  feafons  in  the  Weft  hadies  ; 
the  trees  ?rc  green  the  whole  year  round ; 
they  have  no  cold,  no  frofts,  no  fnows, 
and  but  rarely  fpme  hail ;  the  ftorms  of 
hail  are,  however,  very  violent  when  they 
happen,  and  the  hail-ftones  very  great  and 
heavy.  The  grand  ftaplc  commodity  of 
the  W.  Indies  is  fugar.  The  Portuguefe 
were  the  firft  who  cultivated  it  in  Amer- 
ica. The  juice  of  the  fugar-cane  is  the 
moft  lively,  excellent,  and  the  leaft  cloy- 
ing fweet  in  nature.  They  compute,  that 
when  things  are  well  managed,  the  rum 
and  molafles  pay  the  charges  of  the  plan- 
tation, and  the  fugars  are  clear  gain.  The 
quantity  of  rum  and  molafles  exported 
from  all  the  Britifli  Weft  India  ifiands  in 
1789  to  ail  parts,  was  accurately  as  fol- 
lows: Rum,  9,491,177  gallons,  of  which 
1,485,461  gallons  came  to  the  United 
States;  Molalle?,  21,192  gallons,  of  which 
1000  gallons  came  to  the  United  Stares. 
The  negroes  in  the  plantations  are  fub- 
fifted  at  a  very  eafy  rate.  This  is  gener- 
ally by  allotting  to  each  family  of  them  a 
fmall  portion  of  land,  and  allowing  them 
tv/o  days  in  the  week,  Saturday  and  Sun- 
day, to  cultivate  it;  fome  arefubfifted  in 
this  manner, but  otiaers  find  theirnegroes 
a  certain  portion  of  Indian  or  Guinc-^ 
corri,  and  to  fome  a  fait  herring,  or  a  cer- 
tain portion  of  bacon  or  fait  pork,  a  day- 
All  the  reft  of  the  charge  confifts  in  a  cap, 
fliirt,  a  pair  of  breeches,  and  a  blanket  ; 
and  the  profit  of  their  labour  yields  on  an 
aver-^ge /^ic  or  £12  anuually.    The  price 


W  E  S 


WES 


mf  men  negroes,  upon  their  firfl:  arrival,  is 
from  £so  to  ^^36 ;  women  and  grown 
hoys  5q/']cls;  but  fuch  negro  families  as 
are  acquainted  Tvitli  the  bufincfs  of  the 
jflaudsy  generally  bring  above  £40  upon 
an  average  one  with  another  ;  and  there 
are  infiances  of  a  iingle  ne<:;ro  man, expert 
in  the  bufincfs,  bringing  150  guineas  ;  and 
the  wealth  of  a  planter  is  generally  com- 
puted from  tlie  number  of  flaves  he  pof- 
fefies.  hi  the  year  irSy,  the  Moravi- 
ans or  United  Brethren,  had  the  following 
number  tn  converted  negro  fiaves,  inde- 
pendent of  thofe  who  attended  divine 
fcrvice. 

In  Antigua         _  -  -         SA^S 

In  St.  Kitts,  a  new  mifiicn  -  80 
In  Barbadoes  and  Jamaica  about  jco 
In  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  and 

St.  John's,  about         -         -  10,000 

In  Surrinam,  (or  the  continent) 

about          _          .          -         -         4»o 
fitlU  living  In  the  Weft  Indies        

and  Surrinam  -  -  16,045 


}  Monf.  Neckar  ;  but  It  is  thought  that  the 
negro  flaves  were  doubled  before  the 
commencement  of  the  French  revolution. 


St.  Domingo  ia    1779 
Martinico         in     i776 


J^itfi.  F.  Eiacb. 


,650 
,619 


7»055 
1,050 


Siffves- 
149,098 


10,75* 


Io,75^ 
10,539 


Population  Pfthe  BtWJh  IViji  Indies 


Whites.  ' 

Jamaica 

30,000 

Barbadoes 

16,167 

Grenada 

1,000 

St.  Vincent 

1*450 

Dominica 

i,z.l6 

Antigua 

'^,S9<^ 

Montfcrrat 

1,500 

J^evis 

ipco 

St.  Chriftophcr's 

1,900 

Virgin  I  lies 

I,2CO 

Bahamas 

*,COO 

Bermudas 

5 -.4  6  a 

Blacks. 
250,000 
62,115 
23.926 
II.S53 
Jf  4.967 
37,808 
1 0,000 
8,420 

2c>435 
9,000 

2,241 
4,9^9 


Tola!  65,305        4553684 

There  is  likewifc,  in  each  of  the  idands, 
.a  number  of  perfons,  of  mixed  blood,  aud 
native  blacks  of  free  condition.  In  Ja- 
maica they  are  reckoned  at  io,oco ;  and 
about  the  fame  number  in  the  other  ifl- 
p-nds,  taken  collectively.  The  following 
ftatemcnt  was  made  in  the  Britifli  Houfe 
of  C<vn-jiPons.  Imports  from  the  Britifli 
Weft  Indies  in  1795,  ^8,8oc,ooo  fterl.— 
revenue  arifing  therefrom,  ^1,624,000 — 
fliipping  employed  in  that  trade,  664  vef- 
fels — tonnage,  153,000 — feamen,  8.000. 
Exports  from  Great  Britain  to  the  WeO; 
Indies,  in  1794,  ^3,700,000,  employing 
700  veiTels — tonnage,  177,000 — feamen, 
12,000.  Produce  o^  the  iilands  imported 
and  re-exported,  ^^3, 700,000.  The  fol- 
lowing account  cf  the  white  inhabitants, 
free  negroes,  and  ilaves,in  the  French  ifl- 
ands  is  extracted  from  the  ftatexncnt  of 


Gaudaloupc    in     1779  13.^61 

St.  Lucia         in     1776  i,397 
Tolwgo  (iappofefl'j 

to  be  the  fame  >•  2,39; 

as  St.  LuciaJ       3 

Cay«n«e  (jj.A.)  i«  »786  1,35! 


63,681  i3,4ii»  437»73<S 
The  French  writers  ftate  the  number  of 
fliips  employed  in  their  Weft  India  trade 
at  600,  each  on  an  average  300  tons— • 
tlicir  feamen  at  15,000.  Since  their  rev- 
olution, their  VV.  India  trade  is  JefTened^ 
and  is  now  almoft  annihilated.  The  pro- 
duce in  1785,  was  160  millions  of  livrea. 
TlicW.India  trade  waalhonght  to  beworth 
to  France  about  j(^400,ooo  fterl.  annually, 
before  the  revolution.  The  value  of  th? 
Sp^niili  Weft  India  trade  is  blended  with 
that  of  America  in  general ;  See  Spanijb 
America.  The  Danifti  Weft  India  trad? 
brings  in  a  revenue  to  the  King  of  Den- 
mark of  133,000  dollars.  The  ifiands 
arc  dcfcribed  under  their  rcfpecStivc 
names. 

IVeJi  Lihittyy  z  poft  town  of  Virginia, 
and  the  capital  of  Ohio  co.  at  the  head  of 
Short  Creek,  6  rr.iles  from  the  Ohio.  It 
contains  above  lao  houfes,  a  Preftjyteri- 
ali  church,  a  court- houfe  and  gaol.  It 
lies  two  miles  W  cf  the  Pennfylvania  line, 
18  N  W  of  Wheeling,  23  W  of  Wafliing- 
ton  in  Pcnnfylvania,  and  348  W  of  Phil- 
adelphia. 

}V,J}  Main,  the  W  fliore  of  Hudfon's 
Bay  in  N.  America  is  fo  called,  at  leaft 
that  part  of  it  called  James  Bay.  See 
Eiijl  Mair. 

JVefminpny^  townflilp of  Worcefter  co. 
MalTachufetts,  -was  grdUted  to  thofe  who 
did  fervice  in  tlieNarraganfet  war, or  their 
heirs,  in  1728,  and  was  then  ftyled  Nar- 
ragar.fcL  No.  2.  It  was  incorporated  by- 
its  prefent  name  in  1759,  ^^^  contains 
2o,©oo  acres  of  land,  v^ell  watered, and  has 
1,369  inhabitants.  It  is  fttuated  on  the 
height  of  lard  between  the  rivers  Merri- 
mack and  Connedlicut,  having  ftreams 
arifing  in  thetown,  and  running  into  both. 
It  is  about  5$  miles  N  W  of  Bofton,  and 
about  22  miles  N  of  Worcefter. 

IVrfminfieri  a  poft  town  of  Windham 
CO.  Vermont,  on  Connedlicut  River,  op- 
pofite  Walpolc  in  New  Hampfliire.  It 
contains  1,942  inhabitanr*.  Scx:on's  Elv- 
er enters  the  ConreiHicut  ia  the  N  E  cor"» 


WES 


WES 


icf  of  the  tOT^nflMp,  x2  miles  N  of  Brat-  j 
tlcl)orough,  i3  N  W  of  Kccne,  '59  ^  of  j 
Noithaniptdn,  and  473  from  Walhiagton.  ' 

Wffvimjf^er,   the   eafternmoft    town  _  of  j 
Frederick  CO.  jVTafyinnd,  about  a6  miles 
N  W;  of  Baltimore,  and  47    N  by  E  of 
WAllvlngicn.     Here  i»  s' poll  oilicc, 

/-i^c/^.rsrf,  thevvcfterumoft  to.va  of  Ef- 
fex  CO.  Vermont.  Willoughby  Lake  lies 
in  this  townllii'p.' 

WjjimoYetanJ,  a  county  of  Virginia, 
bounded  N  and  E  by  Patowniack  River, 
■which  divides  if  from  Maryland,  S  E  by 


NorthumbtTlaud,  S  W  by  Richmond,  and  j   James'  Bay; 


W^t-Jlon,  a  townfhip  of  ATafTachufetts,  ift 
Middiefcx  co.  15  miles  W  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  171a,  and  contains 
i,oz7  inhabitants. 

JVefofi,  a  tojvnfhip  of  Fair£eld  co.  Con- 
necticut, N  of  Fairfield,  adjoining.  It  har 
a,68o  inhabitants. 

Wijlofiy  a  town  in  Bennington  co.  Ver- 
mont, formed  of  the  weftern  part  of  Au- 
dover  and  Benton's  gore,  and  incorpora- 
ted in  1799.  It  is  contemplated  to  annex 
Landcrrove  to  this  townillip. 

JVefotis  Xfatids,  groupes  of  illands  ia 


W  by  King  George.  It  contained  m  1 790,  j 
7,721  inhabitants,  of  v.- horn  44x5  were  j 
flave^.  This  county  has  the  hoauur  of  j 
havinji  given  birtli  to  George  H^u/hhigtcrtt  1 
firft  Prclident  of  the  United  States.  The  | 
court-houfe  in  this  county  is  on  the  S  I 
bank  of  Patcmraac  River,  10  miles  N  by  | 
E  of  Richmond. 

IVrjImorefanJ,  a  county  of  Pennfylvanla,  i 
bounded  N  by  Lycoming,  and  S  by  Fay-  i 
€tte  CO.  indi  abounds  with  iron  ore  and  j 
coal.  It  contains  14  tovvnfliips,  and  \ 
32,726  inhabitants.  | 

Wcfmoreland,  a  confiderablc  townfiiip 
of  N,  Hampfliirc,  Cliefliire  co.  on  the 
eaflern  bank  of  Corme^ticut  River,  be- 
tween Chefterfieldand  WaIpole,i  10  miles 
from  Portfmoath.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1752,  and  contains  x,c66  inhabitants. 

IV^f.tncidiind,  a  pofi:  town  of  New  York, 
Oneida  co.  taken  from  Whiteftown,  and 
incorporated  in  1792.  It  contains  1,542 
inhabitants.  The  centre  of  the  town  is'' 
6  miles  S  of  Fort  Schuyler,  36  N  W  of 
Cooperftown,  and  506  from  Walliington. 

W.Jltmr eland,   a   tratSt  of  land  in  Pcnn- 
fyivania,  bounded  E  by  Delaware  River, 
W  by  a  line  drawn  due  N  and  S  15  miles 
W  of  Wyoming  on  Sufquehannah  River, 
and  between  the  par?llels  of  41    and  40 
degrees  of  N  lat.  was  claimed  by  the  State 
of  ConnetSlicut,  as  within  the  liniita  of 
their  original  charter,  and   in    1754  was 
purchafed  of  the  Six  Nations  of  Indians 
by  the  Sufquehannah  and  Delaware  com-  j 
panics,  and  afterwards  fettled  by  a  con- 
liderable  colony,  under  the  jurifdiclion  of  j 
Connctflicut.     This  tradl  was  called  IVijl-  I 
tnoreland,  and  annexed  to  the  county  of  j 
Litchfield  in   Conne(5licut.     The    Penn-  1 
fylvanians  difputed  the  claim  of  Connec-  I 
ticat  to  thefe  lands,  and  in  the  progrefs  I 
of  this  bufincf*  there  was  much   warm  ! 
contention,  and  fome   bloodflicd.     This  | 
unhappy  difputc  has  flace  been  adjufted 
See  fVjomn'^, 


Wcjl  Point ^  a  ftrong  fortrcfs  credtcd 
during  the  revolution,  on  the  W  bank  of 
Hudfon  Puvcr,in  the  State  of  New  York, 
6  miles  above  Anthony's  Nofe,  7  below 
Fifh  Kill,  11 S  of  Poughkeepfie,  and  about 
60  N  of  New  York  city.  It  is  fituntcd  in, 
the  midft  of  the  high  lands,and  is  ilrong- 
ly  fortified  by  nature  as  well  as  art.  The 
principal  fort  is  fituated  on  a  point  of 
land,  formed  by  a  fuddcn  bend  in  the  riv- 
er, and  commands  it,  for  a  couaderablc 
diftance,  above  and  below.  Fort  Putnam; 
is  lituatcd  a  little  further  back,  on  an  em- 
inence which  overlooks  the  other  fort,ancI 
commands  a  greater  extent  of  the  river. 
There  are  a  number  of  houfes  and  bar- 
racks on  the  point  near  the  forts.  On 
the  oppofite  lide  of  the  river  are  the  ruin* 
of  Old  Fort  Conflitution,  with  fome  bar- 
racks going  to  decay.  A  number  of  con- 
tinental troops  are  ftationcd  here  to  guard 
the  arfensl  and  (lores  of  the  United  Statc^ 
which  are  kept  at  this  place.  This  fort- 
refs  is  called  the  Gibraltar  of  America,  a» 
j  by  rcafon  of  the  rocky  ridges,  riling  one 
I  behind  another,  it  is  incapable  of  being, 
inveftcd  by  lefs  than  20,000  men.  The 
{  fate  of  America  feemcd  to  hover  over  thir 
place.  Benedict  Arnold,  to  whom  the 
important  charge  of  this  fort  was  com- 
mitted, defigned  to  have  furrendercd  it  to 
the  Britifli ;  but  Providence  difappointed 
the  treafonable  defign,  by  the  mod:  (imple 
means.  Major  Andre,  a  moft  accom- 
pllflied  and  gallant  officer,  was  taken, 
tried,  and  executed  as  a  fpy,  and  Arnold 
efcaped, 

Wefpott,  aflouriflringtownfliip  of  Brif- 
jj  tol  CO.  Maffachiifetts,  59  miles  ioutheriy 
]|  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorporated  in  i??/, 
!  and  contains  2  361  inhabitants. 
jj  Wrjl  Srmjlury,  a  parifli  in  Simfbury, 
jl  Hartford  co.  Conne(5licut,  where  there  is 
'   a  pofl:  office. 

j  fVcJi  SprhigfelJ,  a  poft  town  of  TvTafra- 
il  chufetts,  Hampfliirc  co,  on  the  W  fide  of 
^  Connecticut 


Wfi^ 


W  H  fi 


Connecticut  River,  oppofitc  Sprlnoficid, 
about  28  miles  N  of  Hartford,  and  100 
W  S  W  of  Bofton.  In  the  compaa  part 
arc  about  40  dwelling-houfes,  and  a  Con- 
gregational church.  The  townfliip  con- 
tains 3  paiiflics,  and  2,835  inhabitants. 

Wejl  Stockhrldge,  a  townfliip  of  MafTa- 
chufetts,  in  Berkfliirc  co.  adjoining  Stock- 
bridge  on  the  W,  and  has  the  New  York 
line  on  the  N  W,  150  miles  from  Bofton. 
William's  River  and  its  dreams  water 
the  townfliip,  and  accommodate  3  iron- 
works, a  fulling-mill,  a  grift-mi  11^ and  two 
faw-mills.  Inhabitants  i,ooi.  A  few 
years  fmce,  fevcral  marWle  quarries  were 
difcovered  in  this  tov/n,  both  white  and 
grey,  which  arc  the  property  of  Meffrs, 
Cook,  Newall  &  Co.  They  are  now 
tvrought  to  confidcrablc  advantage. 
Three  mills  for  fawing  the  marble  have 
fceen  ercdled,  and  grave-ftones,  chimney 
pieces,  butter-prefervcrs,  and  plates,  are 
made  here  in  great  quantities,  and  fcut 
fo  Hudfon,  and  thence  to  N,  York,  and 
Boflon,  to  market. 

PV^Ji  Tsivn^  a  townfliip  in  Ctiefler  co^ 
f*enniyivania,  having  743  inhabitants. 
Wctlersjidd.      See  WeatbrnfieU. 
tVetmores  JJland,  or  JJle  IVctmorCy  in  the 
county  of  Hancock,  MafTachufetts,  on  V.t- 
fiobfcot  Rivet,  the  fame  with  Orphan  Ifl-  1 
and,  which  fee.     It  belongs   to  William  ! 
WetmorCi  Efq.  is  4I  miles  long  from  N  to  i 
f?,  and  about  ig  wide,  arid  lies  in  44  10  N 
lat.     The  N  end  is  feparated  from  Buclf- 
ioivn  by  the  caftern  branch  of  Penobfcot 
River,  here  about  -|th  of  a  mile  wide,  and 
the  S  end  is  about  4  miles  above  Old  Fort 
Pownal.   The  tides  rife  generally  about  re 
feet.    From  Fort  Pownal  to  Frankfort  the 
winters,on  account  of  the  prciimiry  of  the  ! 
fea,  arc  not  more  fevere  than  at  Bofton  ; 
but  vegetation  is   not   fo   forward  in  tlie 
ipiing   by  a  fortnight.     This   has   been 
obfcrved  and  determined  by  the  fprout- 
ing   and  leafing  of  the  birch   tree,    the 
beft   criterion,    becaufe   it   is    the  com- 
mon and  natural  growth  of  the  country. 
£xotics,  fuch  as  the  Lombarcly  poplar,  are 
a  fortnight  later.     Sheep  and   horfcs  re- 
quire little  h^y  to  winter  them  on  any  of 
the  iflands  in  Pcnobfcot  Bay ;  aud  it  is 
obferved  that  neat  cattle  do  not   rc<^uire 
fo  much  as  on  the  main  by  one  third,  and 
fomctimcs  one  half,  on   account  of  the  j] 
abundance  of  rock-weed,  and  the  little  ji 
time  the  ground  is   covered  with  (how.  jj 
The  winter   feldom   begins  with  any  l"c-  'i 
Verity  till  the  laft  of  Decemljtr.  jj 

iVeybridoe,  a  lownfliip  (ji'  Vermont,  ia  '\ 


AddIA)n  CO.  feparated  from  New  HavcS 
oil  the  N  and  E  by  Otter  Creek.  It  con- 
tains 50Z  inhabitants.  Snake  Mountain 
lies  nearly  on  the  line  between  this  towa- 
fliip  and  that  of  Addifon  on  the  W. 

Weymouth^  the  Wajfagufet  of  the  Indians, 
a  townfliip  of  Maflachufetts,  Norfolk  co. 
incorporated  In  1635.  It  lies  14  miles  S 
E  of  Boflon,  and  employs  fome  fmall  vef" 
fels  in  the  mackerel  fifliery.  Fore  River 
on  the  N  W,  and  Back  River  en  the  S  E, 
include  near  one  half  of  the  townfliip. 
The  cheefe  made  here  is  reckoned  among 
the  hcOi  brought  to  Bofton  market.  It  is 
faid  to  be  one  of  the  oldefi  towns  in  the 
State  ;  Mr.  Wefton,  an  Engllfli  merchant, 
having  madca  temporary  fettlement  here 
in  fummer,  i6z'i.  It  contains  2,803  •"" 
habitants. 

Whale  Cove  IJland,  in  the  northern  part 
of  N.  America,  is  the  moft  northerly  of 
two  iflands  lying  to  the  S  of  Brook  Cob- 
ham,  or  Marble  Illand,  which  is  in  lat.  63 
N.  Lovegrove,  the  other  illand,  has  a 
fair  opening  to  the  W  of  it. 

IVhaL  Fijb  yiauJ,  in  the  river  Eflequi- 
bo,  on  the  coafl  of  S.  America,  is  above 
the  Seven  Brothers,  or  Seven  iHands,  and 
below  the  'I'hree  Brothers. 

Whale  If  and,  at  the  mouth  of  M'Ken- 
zle's  River,  in  the  North  Sea  or  Frozen 
Ocean,  on  the  N  coafl:  of  the  N  W  part 
of  N.  America.     N  lat.  69  14. 

iVhappings  Creek,  a  fmall  creek  which 
empties  through  the  E  bank  of  Hudfon  & 
River,  in  the  townfliip  of  Fifli  Kill,  eight 
miles  S  of  PoughkeepSe,  and  7Z  N  of  N. 
York  city.  Here  are  two  mills,  at  which 
confiderable  bufinefs  is  performed. 

Wharton^  a  townfliip  of  Fayette  co. 
Pcnnfylvania,  having  674  inhabitants. 

Wtaiely,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachufett;?, 
Hampllilre  co.  10  miles  Nof  Northampton, 
aud  loj  from  Bofton,  It  was  incorporated 
in  1771,  and  contains  773  inhabitants. 

Wheeling,  a  pofi  town  of  Virginia,  at 
the  mouth  of  a  creek  on  the  E  bank  of 
Ohio  River,  I  a  miles  above  Grave  Creek, 
I  a  SW  of  Weft  Liberty,  54  S  W  of 
Pittftiurg,  and  312  from  Wafliington.  Ac 
the  mouth  of  the  Big  Kanawa,  not  far 
from  this  place,  a  wall  has  been  difcover- 
ed fome  feet  under  the  earth,  very  regu- 
larly built,  apparently  the  work  of  art. 
It  is  332  niiles  from  Philadelphia. 

Whfelock,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  irt 
Caledonia  co.  about  20  miles  N  W  of 
Littleton,  and  contains  568  inhabitants. 

Wheelivrigl't  Gut,  at  the  N  W  end  of 
the  iH.'-nd  ox  St.  Chriftophtr's,  in  the  W. 

In<Ji^s^. 


W  H  i 


W  H  t 


Indies,  has  Wlllet's  Bay  and  Mafshoufe 
,^av  Ej  aud  Courpon's  and  Convent  Bays 
S  W.  There  is  a  fand-bank  before  the 
entrance,  which  appears  to  prevent  Ihips 
from  going  in. 

Wbentiuia^  one  of  two  fmall  iflands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  illaixd 
Of  Otaha. 

Wheijlone  Fort,  oii  the  N  fide  of  Patapf- 
co  River,  and  W  fide  of  the  mouth  of 
Baltimore  Harbour,  in  Maryland.  It  is 
oppolite  Gofluch  Point,  a|  miles  eaflerly 
from  the  Baltimore  Company's  iron-works, 
^t  the  mouth  of  Gwin's  Falls. 

Whippany,  a  village  of  N.  Jerfey,  Mor- 
ris CO.  on  a  branch  of  PafTaick  River,  5 
miles  N  E  of  Morriftown. 

Whirls  or  Sticky  in  Tennefiee  River,  is  a 
great  curiofity.  .  From  half  a  mile  in 
width,  the  river  is  contracEled  to  70  yards 
as  it  ruflies  through  the  Cumberland 
mountain,  lat.  35  N. 

White^  a  river  or  torrent  Ifuiin^r  from 
the  mountain  of  fulphur  in  the  illand  of 
Oaudaloupc,  in  the  Wtfl  Indies.  It  is 
thus  named  as  often  afluming  a  white 
colour  from  the  allies  and  fulphur  cov- 
ering it.  It  empties  into  the  river  St. 
Louis.  .  >         .   , 

Wh'ite^  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which  joins 
Arkanfas  River,  about  10  miles  above  the 
fort,  which  Mr.  Hutchins  reckons  $s^ 
computed  miles  from  New  Orleans,  and 
660  from  the  fea.  It  has  been  navigated 
above  200  miles  in  flat-bottomed    boats. 

Sec  Arkanfas. 

IVhite,  a  fmall  river  of  the  Indiana  Ter- 
Htory,  which  purfuts  a  N  W,  and,  near 
its  mouth,  a  wefterly  courfe,  and  enters 
WabaOi  River,  11  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  Chickafaw  River. 

White,  a  river  of  Vfermotit,  which  falls 
Into  Corirleilicut  River  about  5  miles  be- 
iowDartmouth College, between  Norwich 
and  HartfordL  It  is  from  loo  to  150 
vards  wide,  foirie  diftarice  frorrt  its  mouth. 
Its  fource  is  in  a  fpring,  which  by  means 
ef  Onion  Rivier,  communicates  with  Lake 
Charriplriin.  It  derives  its  name  from  the 
"rtrhitenefs  of  its  water. 

lV6ite  Bd''!^  on  the  E  coaft  of  Newfound- 
land, in  the  Machigcuiis  River.  Its  N 
hmit;  is  Cape  d' Argent. 

White  Cape,  or  Blanco,  on  the  W  coa^ 
of  N.  Meiico,  is  %o  leagues  to  the  N  W 
of  Herradura.  This  cape,  in  lat.  to  N, 
bears  with  the  ifland  Canoe,  at  N  W  by 
W,  and  S  E  by  E,  and  with  St.  Luke  1(1. 
at  N  E  by  N,  and  S  W  by  S,  being  about 
"*)  leagues  from  each. 

V«j/.  K  M  M  m  m 


White  Beer,  a  townfliip  of  PcnnfylvanJa; 
on  Sufquehannah. River. 

Wfjitefetd,  or  Wbcatfdd,  a  tcwnfhip  of 
Pennfylvania,  Weftmoreland  ca  having 
779  inhabitants. 

White  Ground\  a  place  in  the  Creek 
country,  10  miles  from  Little  TallafTee. 

Whitehall^  a  tovvnfliip  of  Penn.  North- 
ampton CO.  having   2,032  inhabitants. 

TVh'tehall,  a  pofl:  town  of  Wafliingtori 
CO.  N.  York,  embracing  the  tradl  former- 
ly called  Skeenfborough.  It  has  Fairha- 
ven  and  Poultricy  in  Vermont  on  the  N 
and  E.     It  contains  1,604  inhabitants. 

Wiiteh^urgh,  a  pofl:  town  of  Kent  co. 
Delaware,  117  miles  from  Wafliington. 

White  Marjh\  a  pofl:  town  of  PennfyU 
vania,  Montgomery  c6.  1$  miles  front 
Wafliington. 

White  Mountaim.     See  Niiv  Hampjh'ire. 

Whitep'aine'i  a  towrifliip  of  Pennfylvania, 
Montgomery  co.  having  771  inhabitants. 

White  Fbins,  a  poifl:  town  of  N.  York; 
Weft  Chefter  co.  boundied  eaflerly  by 
Mamaroneck  River,  and  wefterly  by 
Bronx  River.  It  contains  566  inhabit- 
ants. It  is  remarkable  for  a  battle  fought 
here  between  the  American  and  Britifli 
forces,  on  the  aSfh  of  Odlober,  1776.  1% 
is  i^  miles  E  by  N  of  Kingfbridge,  30  II 
E  by  N  of  New'  York. 

White  Poini,  o\\  the  coafl:  of  Nova  Sco- 
tia, is  about  3  leagues  S  W  of  Cape  Cari- 
fo,  and  N  E  of  Green  Point.  There  i^ 
an  ifland  off  the  Point  that  flielters  Bar 
Haven. 

White  Pointy  on  the  coafl:  of  Cape  Birei 
ton  Ifland)  is  about  a  mile  S  W  of  Black 
Cape,  near  the  harbour  of  Louilburg, 
and  the  E  point  of  Gabarns  Bay. 

White  Point,  ia  the  illand  of  Jamaica^ 
lies  eaflwardof  White  Horfe  Cliffs,  about 
7  leagues  E  of  Port  Royal. 

Whitens  Bay,  on  the  coafl  of  Newfound^ 
land,     N  lat.  50  17,  W  long.  56  15. 

White's  River,  on  the  N  E  coafl  of  Ja- 
maica, is  near  the  W  limit  of  Port  Aa-^ 
tonio. 

Whitef.oivrt,  a  poft  town  in  Oneida  cb, 
N.  York,  on  the  S  fide  of  Mohawk  RiVer, 
4  miles  W  of  Old  Fort  Schuyler,  and  100 
W  of  Albany.  The  compact  part  of  this 
j  llourifliing  (:own  lies  on  one  beautiful 
flreet,  about  a  mile  in  length,  ornamented, 
with  trees.  The  houfes  are  generally 
furniflied  witli  water,  condUtfted  by  pspea 
laid  under  ground,  from  the  neighboux- 
ing  hills.  The  foil  of  this  town  is  re- 
markably good.  Nine  acres  of  wheat  in 
one  field.,  yie'ded  on  an  average,  41  bufh- 


WIG 


W  I  L 


t\y  of  whcHij  of  60  lb.  each,  an  acre. 
This  is  no  uncoinmon  crop.  This  town 
and  its  B-eighbouriiood  has  been  fettled 
with  remarkable  rapidity.  All  that  dif- 
f  ricl  comprehended  between  the  Oneida 
Rtfervation,  and  the  German  Fiats,  was 
known,  a  few  years  An'-e,  by  the  name 
©f  WLitcJloivi-,^  and  no  longer  ago  than 
1785,  contained  two  families  only,  thofe 
of  Hugh  White,  and  Mofes  Foot,  Efqrs. 
In  1796,  there  were  within  tlte  fame  lim- 
its, 6  parities,  with  as  many  fettled  min- 
iftcrs,  3  full  regiments  of  militia,  i  corps 
of  light  horfe,  all  in  uniform.  In  the 
whole,  7,359  inhabitants,  of  whom  1,190 
■»vtie  qualiiied  eletElors,  and  in  1800  there 
V^'cre  4,21  Z  inhabitants  in  Whiteftown, 
wiiich  is  but  a  Imail  fedtion  of  the  ab&ve 
dcfcribcd  dlftricl:. 

White  iP'cod  I/IanJ^  or  De  £ois  Blartc. 
Sec  JVlic/jiliimuilinuJc. 

IVhitiug,  a  tovvnfhip  of  Vermont,  in 
i^ddifon  CO.  feparated  from  I-eiccfler  0x1 
the  E  by  Otter  Creek,  and  has  part  of 
Orwtlt  on  the  W.  It  contaiiis  4O4  in- 
habitants. 

W'.>itiingha?.n,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont, 
in  the  6  \V  tonier  of  Windham  eo.  con- 
taining 868  inhabitants. 

WbilJ'un  JjIanJ,  iu  the  S.  Pacific  Ocean, 
i«  about  4  miles  long,  and  3  broad  ;  and 
fu  furrcuudcd  by  breakers  that  a  boat 
cannot  land.     S  lat.  19  26,  VV  long.  137 

W>anduts^  or  Wyandcts^  an  Indian  tribe 
inhabiting  near  Fort  St.  Joftph,  and  De- 
troit, in  ihe  N.  W.  Tcrntcry,  Wayne  co. 
"Warriors  aco. 

V/iupoio^  C57  LHtlc  Wia^  is  an  outlet  or 
auii  ot  lbs  river  Oronoko,  on  the  W  fide. 
ft  h«s  many  brandies,  wliieli  are  all  nav- 
igal)le. 

IVickfoid,  A  fmall  trading  village  in  the 
towi.fliip  of  North-Kingftown,  Rhode- 
ifiand,  and  on  the  W  fide  of  Narraganfet 
Bay  ;  24  miles  S  of  Providence,  and  9  or 
10' N  W  of  Newport.  licrc  is  a  poft 
iBiiice. 

Wiejpincem^  a  river  of  Louifiana,  whicli 
empties  into  the  Miliifippijia  miles  above 
she  Soutoux  village. 

Wictmic'yA  fmall  river  of  Maryland, 
tv'hich  rifcs  in  Sulftx  county,  Delaware, 
and  empties  into- Fifiiing  Bay,  on  the  cafl 
ill  ore  of  Chefap'.v-k  Bay. 

V/'^bcomicot  a  lliort  navigable  river  of 
Mar)  Unci,  Avhich  is  formed  by  Piles  and 
Allen's  Fxcfli,  and,  running  iuuthward, 
tmptirh  into  the  Patowmac,  about  2)5 
xiiiles  from  its  mouth.  Cob  ^-fcck.  forms 
the:  I\  \v:A\.  uf  its  uiuutli* 


Wight,  jp  of.     Sec  Ip  of  mgit  Counip 

IVighty  jfe  cf ;  E  end  of  Long-Ifland.- 
See  Gardner  s  If  and. 

Wilbraham^  a.  townfliip  of  MafTachu- 
fetts,  in  Hampfliirc  co.  10  miles  E  of 
Springfield,  30  N  E  of  Hartford,  in  Con- 
ncdlicut,  and  89  S  W  of  Boflon.  It  was 
incorporated  in  1763  ;  contains  a  parifli- 
es,  and  1,743  inhabitants. 

TVllies,  a  county  of  the  upper  diftridt 
of  Georgia,  feparated  from  S.  Carolina,- 
on  the  eatlward,  by  Savannah  River,  and 
contains  13,103  inhabitants,  including 
5000  Daves.  Tobacco  is  tlie  chief  pro- 
duce of  this  county,  of  which  it  exported 
about  3,OGO  hhd-j.  in  1788.  It  is  well 
watered^and  is  famous  for  a  medicinal 
fpring,  near  its  chief  town,  Wafliington  ; 
which  fee. 

}Vtll:es,  a  county  of  Morgan  diftritft,  in 
the  N  W  coiner  of  N.  Carolina.  It  con- 
tains 7,247  inhabitants,  including  790 
flaves. 

IVilles^  a  poft  town  and  chief  of  the 
above  county,  53  miles  from  Rockfordj 
45  from  Morgantown,  and  611  from  Phi- 
bdelphia. 

Willfjarre,  or  Wilkjhurgy  a  poft  town  of 
Pcnnfyivania,  and  chief  town  of  Luzerne 
CO.  oa  the  S  E  fide  of  the  E  branch  of 
the  Sufquchannah.  It  contains  a  court 
houfe,  gaol,  and  about  45  houfes.  It  is 
67  miles  N  E  of  Bethlehem,  about  the 
fame  diflance  above  Sunbury,  1x8  N  by 
N  W  of  Philadelphia,  and  260  froia' 
Waflrir.gton. 

IVaUes  Bay,  at  the  N  W  end  of  the  if?- 
arid  of  St.  Chriftopher's.  Willet's  Gut  i» 
at  iiie  S  W  coafl  of  the  fame  illand. 

fVilliom,  2''crt,  (now  called  Jort  Indtpcn" 
dcnce)  was  ereCled  on  Caflle  Illand  in  l3of- 
ton  harbour,  in  the  reign  of  king  William, 
by  Colonel  Rotmer,  a  famous  engineer. 
When  the  Britilli  troops  evacuated  Bof- 
ton,  in  March,  1776,  the  fortifications 
were  blown  up,  but  were  loon  a'fter  re- 
paired, and  have  fmce  been  built  at  -i. 
great  expcnfc  by  the  government  of  the 
United  States.  This  ifiand  contains  about 
1 8- acres  of  land,  diftant  3  miles  from  the 
town  of  Boflon. 

William!,  a  townfliip  in  Northamptoii 
CO.  Pennlyivania. 

J^'iHiaKis  Sofiid,  Prince,  on  the  N  W 
eoaft  of  N.  i^merica.  Its  E  point  is  in 
lat.  60  19  N,  and  long.  146  s?i  ^>  *°^ 
Cape  Ehzabeth  which  is  its  W  point, 
and  the  E  point  of  Cook's  River,  is  in  lat, 
59  lo,  and  long.  152  15. 

Wf{li(ifr/&creu^l!>t  a  poft  town  of  N.  Car- 


W  I  I. 


W  I  L 


dina,  and  capital  of  Granville  co.  picaf- 
antly  fmiated  on  a  creek  which  falls  into 
the  Roanoke.  It  carries  on  a  brlik  trade 
with  the  back  counties,  and  contains  be- 
tween 30  and  40  houfes,  a  court  houfe, 
gaol,  and  flourifliing  academy.  It  is  17 
mdes  from  Warrenton,  48  N  E  of  HilU'- 
borough,  56  W  N  W  of  Halifax,  and  257 
from.  Wafl)ington. 

Pf^illiamfjur^,  R  CO.  of  Virginia,  between 
York  and  James'  Rivers,  and  was  joined 
in  the  enumeration  of  inliaiiitants,  in 
1 7  90,  with  York  co.  Tlicfe  together  con- 
tained Si'^?>?>  inhabitants. 

Willia^^Jhiirgh,  a  townfliip  of  Maflacliu- 
f^tts,  Hainpfliire  co.  on  the  W  fide  of 
ConnecSlicut  River,  having  Hatfield  on 
the  E.  It  contains  a  handfome  Congre- 
gational church,  and  1,176  inhabitants. 
In  the  year  1760,  this  townlhip  was  a  \\\\- 
^ernefs.  !t  lies  7  miles  from  Connc(5Hcut 
River,  8  N  W  of  Northampton,  and  108 
W  of  BoUt^n. 

fVilllamJburgk,  a  pofl  town  of  N.  York, 
Ontario  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  GencfTee 
River,  and  between  that  and  Canefus 
Lake,  30  miles  S  W  of  Canandarque,  40 
N  W  of  Bath,  98  N  W  of  Athens  or  Tio- 
ga Point,  and  388  N  weflerly  of  Phila- 
jdclphia. 

iVilliamJhurg,  called  alfo  Jonejioivn,  a 
poft  town  of  Pennfylvanla,  Dauphinc  co. 
at  the  jumflion  of  Little  Swatara  with 
Swatara  River.  It  has  a  German  I^uther- 
an  and  Calvinift  church,  and  about  40 
dwelling  houfes.  It  is  23  miles  N  E  by 
E  of  Harrifbiirg,  and  89  N  W  of  Phila- 
delphia.— Alfo,  the  name  of  a  townlliip 
in  Luzerne  county. 

IViUiamfjHrg,  a  pofi:  town  on  the  Little 
Miami,  in  Clermont  co.  Oliio,  483  miles 
from  Wafliington. 

Williamjhurg,  a  village  of  Maryland,  in 
Talbot  county,  5  miles  N  E  of  Eafton, 
and  4  N  W  of  King's-Town. 

Williamjhurg,  a  poft  town  of  Virginia, 
Jies  60  miles  eaftward  of  Richmond,  ittu- 
ated  between  two  creeks,  one  falling  into 
James,  the  other  into  York  River.  The 
diftance  of  each  landing-place  is  about  a 
mile  from  the  town.  During  the  regal 
govei-nmcnt  it  waspropofed  to  unite  thefe 
creeks  by  a  canal  palling  through  the 
centre  of  the  town  ;  but  the  removal  of 
the  feat  of  government  rendered  it  no 
longer  an  objedl  of  importance.  It  con- 
tains about  200  houfes,  and  has  about 
I,4C?0  inhabitants.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out  in  parallel  ftreets,  with  a  pleafant 
(<|uare  in  the  centre  of  about  ten  acre^*^, 


through  which  runs  the  principal  fircst 
K  and  W,  about  a  mile  in   length,  and 
more  than  100  feet  wide.     At  the  ends 
of  this  fireet  are   two  public  buildings, 
the    college  and   capirol.      Befules  thefe 
there  ts  an  Epifcopal  church,  a  prilon,  a 
court  houfe,  a  maga/.ine,  now  occupied 
as  a  market,  and  a  hofpital  for  lunatics, 
calculated  to  accommodate  between  20 
and    30  patients,  in  f<parate  rooms  or 
cells.     The  houfe  is  neatly  kept,  and  the 
patients  well   attended.     The    honfc   of 
the  prc/Idint  of  tfic  college,  occupied  ^ 
an    hofpital   by   the    French    army,   wan 
burnt  in  the  war,  but  ha'*  been  rebuilt  At 
the  expenfe  of  t!ie  Ercnch  governmcut. 
In  the  capltol  is  a  large  marble  ftatue,  ot 
Narbone  Berkley,  Lord  Botetourt,  a  man 
diftlnguiOied  for  his  love  of  piety,  litera- 
ture, and  gttod  government,  and  former- 
ly governor  of  Virginia.     It  was  creeled 
,  at  the  expenfe  of  the  !>tate,  fome  time 
j  fince  the  year  177 1,     The  capito!  is  lit- 
I  tie  better  than  in  ruins,  and  thi^  elegant 
ftatue  is  expofed  to  the   rudenef:^  of  ne- 
j  groes  and  boys,  and  is  fliamefuHy  defa- 
ced.    The  college  of  William  and  Mary 
I  fixed  here,  was  founded  in  the  time  of 
j  king   Wifliam    and    queen    Mary,  who 
j  granted  to  it  20,oco  acres  of  land,  and 
j  a  penny  a  pound  duty  on  certain  tobac- 
I  coes  exported  from  Virginia  and  Mary- 
j  land,  which  had  been  levied  by  the  ftatu'te 
j  of  25  Car.  2.     The  aflembly  alfo  gave  it, 
\  by   temporary    laws,  a  duty  on  liquors 
j  imported,  and  flcins  and  furs  exported. 
From  thefe  refources  it  received  upwards 
!  of  3,oool.     The  buildings  are   of   brick, 
I  fufficient  for  an  indifFerent  accommoda- 
j  tion  of  perhaps   100  ftudcnts,  but  there 
j  are  not  generally  more  than  40.     By  its 
jj  charter,  it  was   to  be  under  the  govcrn- 
i{  mcnt  of  20  vifitors,  who  were   to  be  its 
l|  legillators,  and   to  have  a  prefidcnt  and 
j  fix  profeffors,   who   were   incorporated, 
j  It  was  allowed  a   rcprefentative   in   the 
general  afrembly.     Under  this  charter,  a 
I  profeflbrfliip  of  the  Greek  and  Lacin  Ian- 
II  guages,  a  profelForlnip  of  matiiematics, 
j*  one  of  moral  philofophy,  and  two  of  di- 
vinity, were  eftablilncd.     To  tlu-ic  werr 
annexed,  for  a  (xalh.  profeflbrfliip,  a  con- 
iiderable   donation    by  a   Mr.  Boyle  of 
England,  for  the  inflrtjcf  ion  of  the  Indian'', 
and  their  converlion  toChriftianitv.   'i'his 
was  called  the  profeJTorlhjp  of  BrafFertun, 
Ij  from  an  eftate  of  that  name  in  England, 
jl  purchafcd   with   the  -monies   given.      A 
jj  court  of  admiralty  fjts  here  whenever  a 
■  controvcrfv  arifep.     It   is  12  miles  K  of 
-'^  '  York 


W  I  L 


W  I  i. 


York  Town,  60  E  of  Richmond,  4S  N  W 

of  Norfolk,  and  338  S  S  WofPhiladelphia. 

Lcaft  heat  here,  6     o 

Mtan  heat,  60  8 

Greateft  heat,  ^S  O 

N  lat.  37  16,  W  long.  76  48. 

IVilliamfport,  a  po(t  town  of  Maryland, 
Walliington  co,  on  the  N  tide  of  Patow- 
tnack  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Conego- 
cheague  Creek,  8  miles  S  of  the  Pennlyl- 
vania  line,  6  S  W  of  Hagarftown,  37  N 
by  E  of  Winchefter,  in  Virginia,  28  S  by 
W  of  Chambcrfburg,  and  15$  W  by  S  of 
Piiiladelphia. 

W'tllia.pfpcrt,  a  poft  town  of  Lycom- 
ing CO.  Pennfylyania,  ftands  on  the  N  fide 
of  the  W  branch  of  the  Sufquchannah, 
38  miles  above  Northumberhind.  It  con- 
tains about  30  houfcs,  and  is  a  fIoarifl:i- 
ing  place. 

JViHiut?.fon^  a  townfllip  of  N.  York,  On- 
tario CO.  In  1796,  there  were  14a  of  its 
inhabitants  electors. 

Williamfon^  a  county  of  Mero  diftrict, 
Tenneflce,  containing  a,o6C  inhabitants, 
of  whom  693  are  flaves. 

WdlidTrjloivn,  a  port  town  of  Vermont, 
Orange  co.  on  the  height  of  land  between 
ConncAicut  River  and  Lake  Ciiamplain, 
about  45  miles  from  the  former,  and  50 
from  the  latter.  It  is  bounded  E  by 
"Walliirigton,  and  W  by  Nordiiield,  and 
contains  83^  inhabitants.  Stephen's 
Branch,  a  ilream  which  runs  N  to  On- 
ion River,  rifes  in  this  townlliip. 

W'dliamjlotvn,  a  mountainous  poft  town 
of  MafTachufetts,  in  the  N  W  corner  of 
the  State,  and  in  Berkfhire  co.  contain- 
ing 2  086  inhabitants.  It  is  well  water- 
ed by  Hoofack  and  Green  Rivers,  the 
former  of  which  is  here  8  rods  wide. 
On  thefe  ftreams  are  4  grift-niills,  3  faw- 
milis,and  afulling-mili.  The  main  coun- 
ty road  pafles  through  it.  Col.  Ephraim 
WilHan\s  laid  the  foundation  of  an  acad- 
emy feveral  years  fincc,  and  endowed  it 
by  a  handfome  donation  of  lands.  "  In 
1790,  partly  by  lottery,  and  partly  by 
the  libeial  donation  of  gentlemen  in  the 
town,  a  brick  edilke  was  erected,  82  feet 
by  42,  and  four  Ivories  high,  containing 
li,  rooms  for  ftudcnt'?,  a  large  fcliool- 
room,  a  dining-hal!,  and  a  room  for  pub- 
lic fpeaking.  Another  handfon.e  brick 
building  has  fince  been  built.  In  1793, 
this  academy  wa«;  erected  into  a  college, 
hv  nn  a(5l  of  the  Itgiilaturc,  by  the  n^me 
ck  Williu'iis'  College.  H)  honour  to  its  hber- 
'A  founder.  The  languages  J*nd  fcicnces 
uiually  taught  in  the  Aincricau  colleges 


are  taught  here.  Board,  tuition  and  otk- 
er  cxpenfes  of  education  are  very  low  ; 
and  from  its  lituation  and  other  circum- 
(lances,  it  is  likely  to  become  an  inilitu-;^ 
tion  of  g^eat  utility  and  importance.  The 
Mrft  public  commencement  was  held  at 
this  eolUge  in  September,  1795.  In  1796, 
the  legillature  granted  two  townlhips  of 
land  to  Williams'  College.  There  were, 
in  1796,  roi  Undents  in  the  four  clafTes, 
bcfdes  30  pupils  in  the  academy  con- 
ne(5led  with  the  college.  A  company  was 
V  iiitorporatcd  the  year  abovementioned, 
to  bring  water  in  pipes  into  the  town 
firtet.  It  is  28  miles  N  of  Lenox,  and 
15?  N  Wof  Bofton. 

IViUiafnfoivn^  -ji  poll  town  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Martin  co.  N.  Carolina,  is  fituaied 
on  Roanoke  River,  and  contains  a  court 
houfe,  a  gaol,  and  248  inhabitants.  It  is 
25  miles  from  Blountfvilie,  24  from  Plym- 
outh, S5  from  Halifax,  444  from  Piiila- 
delphia,  and  292  from  Wafliington. 

IVillitfourg,  a  poll:  town  in  Charlotte  co. 
Virginia,  243  miles  from  Wafnington. 

ivaiimanttc,  a  fmall  river  of  Connetfli- 
cut,  which  runs  a  S  E  courfe,  and  uniting 
with  Natchaug  River,  forms  the  Shetuck- 
et  at  Windham. 

H'll'inboroughy  a  townfl\ip  of  N.  Jerfey, 
in  Burlington  co.  on  DeJaw.ire  River, 
about  14  miks  from  Philadclpliia.  It 
has  generally  a  thin  foil,  but  conliderablc 
q:i«ntities  of  fruits  and  vegetables  arc 
raifed  here  for  the  Philadelphia  r/:arket. 

fViiihigiony  a  townfliip  of  C;.nnciilicut, 
in  Tolland  co.  6  miles  E  of  I'oiiand,  nnd 
35  N  E  of  Hartford,  and  was  fettled  in 
1719,  having  1,278  inhabitants.  The 
lands  are  rough  and  hilly.  The  earth- 
quake on  Sabbath  evening, Odl.  29, 1727, 
was  fcverely  felt  in  this  t;>wn. 

JVillifto-wn^  a  townihip  in  Chefter  co. 
Pennfylvanla,  having  869  inhabitants. 

Willis  Cretky  in  Maryland,  falls  into  the 
Patowmack  from  the  N  at  Eort  Cumber- 
land, 

'  IVillii  If  and,  in  the  S.  Atlantic  Ocean, 
is  near  the  N  W  end  of  South  Georgia,' 
and  has  Bird  Ifland  to  the  N  of  it.  S  lat„ 
54,  W  long.  38  30. 

Willifion,  a  pofl:  town  of  Vermont,  Chit- 
tenden CO.  joins  Burlington  on  the  N  W. 
it  contains  ^^i^  inhabitants. 

tVilluugbby  BayyUczr  the  S  E  part  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua,  in  the  W.  Indies. 

JVtlhughby   Laie,  in   Vermont,   in  the 
townfliip  of  Weftmore.     It  is   about  fix 
miles  long  and  one  broad,  and  lends  a 
dream  which  runs  northward  and  emp- 
tier 


W  I  L 


W  I  L 


ties  Into  Lake  Memphremagog,  in^  the 
kowniinp  of  Salem.  This  lake  furnlflies 
filh  refeinbling  bafs,  of  an  excellent  fla- 
vour, weighing  from  10  to  30  pounds. 
People  travel  20  miles  to  this  lake  to 
procure  a  winter's  flock  of  this  flfli. 
■"  Willjborcughi  a  townfliip  in  Eflex  co.  N. 
York  ;  bounded  on  the  S  by  the  town  of 
Crown- Poinf,  on  tJie  N  by  the  S  line  of  a 
patent,  which  includes  the  river  Au  Sable 
at  itb  mouth,  continuing  wcftward  tothat 
part  of  the  county  of  Montgomery,  now 
palled  Herkemer'  county.  It  contained 
.S75  iniiabitants  in  1790;  and  in  looo 
1,717.  It  is  a  fme  champaign,  fertile 
country,  inhabited  by  a  number  of  in- 
duftrious,  thriving  farmers.  Its  cultiva- 
tion has  been  rapidly  advancing.  In  this 
town  is  the  remarkable  Split  Rock,  which 
is  a  fmall  point  of  a  mountain  proje(?tiiig 
about  50  yards  into  the  neighbouring 
lake.  This  disjoined  point  has,  from  the 
appearance  of  the  oppofite  lides,  and 
their  exact  fitnefs  for  each  other,  doubt- 
lefs  been  rent  from  the  main  rock,  by 
fome  violent  fliock  of  nature.  It  is  re- 
moved about  C40  feet,  and  has  on  its  point, 
a  furface  of  nearly  half  an  acre,  which 
has  fufhciency  of  foil,  and  is  covered 
with  wood.  The  height  of  the  rock  on 
each  fide  of  the  liiTure  is  about  12  feet. 
*rhe  river  Boquet  runs  through  tliis  town 
a  confiderable  diflance, .  and  is  navigable 
for  boats  z  miles,  wher?;  there  are  falls 
and  mills.  This  town  ^yas  partly  fettled 
before  the  year  1775.  U  commands  a 
beautiful  view  of  the  lake,  and  lies  ai4 
rallies  N  of  N.  York  city. 

JVilts  Co-ue,  on  the  N  E  fide  of  the  ifih- 
mus  of  the  illand  of  St.  Kitts,  in  the  W- 
Indies. 

fVi.'ls  Creek,  or  Caicuiluck,  a  branch  of 
Patowmack  River,  is  30  or  40  yards  wide 
at  its  mouth,  where  I'ort  Cumberland 
flood.  It  affords  no  navigation  as  yet, 
and  runs  a  fhart  courfe  foutherly. 

WiUs-Tozvn,  an  Indian  village  on  the  N 
E  bank  of  Muikingum  River,  45  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  117  fouth  weflerly 
from  Pittfburg. 

IVdltoiiWy  a  pofl  town  in  Georgetown 
CO.  S.  Carolina,  455  miles  from  Wafliing- 
ton. 

WilmantoTtf  in  N.  York,  on  Wallkill,  be- 
t'veen  Newburgand  Ncw-Brunfwick. 

IVilmington,  one  of  the  eailern  maritime 
diftricls  of  N.  Carolina;  bounded  N  B  by 
Newbern  diftricl,  S  E  by  the  Atlantic 
pcean,S  W  by  S.  Carolina,  and  N  W  by 
i''riyettt;.-    ix.  conrinuaicnds  the  counties  of 


!  Rrunfwick,  New- Hanover,  Onflow,  Dup., 
j  Hn,  and   Bladen.     It  contains  30,617  in- 
habitants, of  whom  11,649  are  flaves. 

fVtlmingtorr,  a  port  of  entry  and  pofl 
town  of  N.  Carolina,  capital  of  the  above 
diftricl:,  is  ficuattd  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
eaflern  branch  of  Cape  Fear  or  Clareur 
don  River  ;  34  miles  from  the  fea,  an^ 
100  fonthward  of  Ncwbcrn.  The  courfe 
of  the  river,  as  it  pafi'es  by  the  town,  is 
nearly  from  N  to  S.  and  the  breadth  150 
yards.  Oppolite  the  town  are  two  ifl- 
ands  extending  with  the  courfe  of  the 
river,  and  dividing  it  into  three  chan- 
nels :  they  aiTord  the  fi.nclt  rice  fields  in 
N.  Carolina.  The  town  is  regularly  built, 
and  contains  about  ajo  houfes,  and  1,689 
inhabitants,  of  whom  1,126  are  in  flave- 
ry,  a  handicme  Epifcopal  church,  a  court 
liDufe,  and  gaol.  Having  fuflered  much. 
by  two  fires,  one- fourth  of  the  town, 
which  has  been  rebuilt,  is  of  brick.  Its 
markets  are  well  fupplied  with  fifli,  an4 
all  manner  of  provifions.  A  confidera- 
ble  trade  h  carried  on  to  the  W.  Indie* 
and  the  adjacent  States.  The  exports  foe 
one  year,  ending  the  30th  of  Sept.  i794'» 
amounted  to  133,534  dollars.  Thcfc  of 
all  the  other  i)orts  cf  the  State,  amount- 
ed only  to  1 7/, 598  dollars.  It  is  90  miles 
S  E  of  Faycttevjlle,  i()z  S  S  W  of  Eden- 
ton,  198  N  E  of  Charleflon,  S.  Carolina, 
and  600  from  Piilladelphia.  N  lac.  34  1 1, 
W  long.  78  15. 

JVilmingtotiy  a  tov.'n  of  New- Hanover  CO. 
N.  Carolina,  containing  1,698  inhabitants. 
-  IVilmingion^  a  pofl  town  of  Vermont,  ia 
Windham  co.  containing  1,011  inhabit- 
ants, who  are  chiefly  wealthy  farmers. 
It  lies  on  Dccrfield  River,  on  the  E  fide  of 
the  Green  A-'iountain,  on  the  high  road 
from  Bennington  to Brattlcborough, about 
20  miles  from  each.  Confiderable  quan- 
tities of  maple  fugar  are  made  in  it ;  lomc 
farmers  make  1,000  or  1400  pounds  in  a 
feafon.  Tiie  Hoyftack^  in  the  N  W  cor- 
ner pf  this  townfliip,  is  among  the  htgheil 
of  the  range  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It 
has  a  pond  nr,ar  the  top  of  it,  about  half 
a  mile  in  length,  round  which  deer  and 
mopfe  are  found,  it  is  441  miles  from 
'^afliington. 

Wilmington,  a  townfliip  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Middleftx  co.  t6  miles  N  from 
BoUon.  It  was  incorporated  in  i730, 
and  contains  797  inhubtants.  Hops,  in 
great  quantities,  are  raifcd  in  this  town. 

IVilmington,  a  port  of  entry  .and  \icXt 
town  of  the  State  of  Delaware,  and  the 
moft  confiderable  town  in  the  State,     k 

fiantitj 


W  I  L 


W  I  N 


ftands  In  Newcaflle  co.  on  the  N  fide  of 
Ciiriftiana  Creek,  between  Chriftiana  and 
Bra,ndywine  Creeks,  which  at  this  place 
arc  about  a  mile  diftant  from  each  other, 
but  uniting  below  the  town,  they  join  the 
Delaware  in  one  flream,  400  yards  v/ide 
at  the  mouth.     The  fcite  of  thr  principal 
|5art  of  the  town  is  on  the  S  W  fide  of  a 
hill,  which  riles  109  feet  above  the  tide, 
^  miles  from  Delaware   River,  28  S  W 
from  Philadelphia,  and  117  from  Wafh- 
ington.    On  the  N  E  fide  of  ihe  fame 
hill,on  the  Brandywmc,  there  are  i  .-^  mills 
for  grain,  and  about  40  ne^t  dwelling- 
houfes,  which    form  a    beautiful   appen- 
dage to  the  town.     The  mills  aie  proba- 
bly as  valuable  as  any  in  the  world  :  it  is 
faid  tliat  300,000  buflitls  of  wheat  and 
forn  are  ground  here  in  a  year.     A  L.  gt 
inanufadlory  for  gun-powder  is  erected  j 
jierc.     The  Chriftiana  admits  vefTels  of  ; 
14  feet  draught  of  water  to  the  town  :  \ 
and  thofe  of  6  feet  draught,  8  miiis  fur-  ' 
fher,   where  the  navigation  ends  ;    and  j 
the  Brandy  wine  admits  thofe  of  7   feet  ! 
jdraught  to  the  mills.     The  town  is  regu-  { 
larly  laid  out  m  fqu.nrts  fimilar  to  Phila-  j 
delphia,  and  contained,  in  1796,  npwi^rds 
pf  600  houfes,  moftly  of  brick,  and  3,000 
inhabitants.     It  has   6  places  of  public 
•worfliip,  viz.  a  foe.  Ptefbyterians,  1  for 
Swedifh  Epifcopalians,  i  for  Friends,  i 
for  Bapiifts,  and  i  for  Methodifls.    Here 
are   two   market-houfes,    a   poor-houfe, 
frhich  flands  on  the  W  fide  of  the  town, 
and  IS  120  feet  by  40,  built  of  ftone,  and 
5  flories  high,  for  the  reception  of  the 
paupers  of  Newcaftle  co.    There  is  anoth- 
er ftone  building  which  was  ufed  as  an 
academy,  and  was  fupported  for  fome 
time  with    confiderable  reputation,  but 
by  a  dcfec"^  in  the  conflitution  of  the  fem- 
iiiary,  or  fome  other  paufe,  it  has,  of  late, 
been  entirely  ncgledlcd  as  a  place  of  tui- 
tion.    There  are,  however,   nearly  300 
children  in  the  different  fchools  in  town. 
About  the  year  1736,  the  fir  ft  houfes  were 
built  at  this  place  ;  and  the  town  was  in- 
eorporattd  a  few  years  afterwards.     Its 
rfHcers  are  two  burgefTts,  6  afTifiantSjand 
|wo  conftables,  all  of  who.Ti  are  annually 
chofen.     For  other  particulars,  fee  Deia- 
•ware.     N  lat.  39  43   18,  W  long.  75  3^- 

Wtln?ofy  a  townlliip  of  Nt-va  Scotia, 
Annapolis  ro.  fettled  from  Ireland  and 
New  England. 

Wiifjn^  a  county  of  Mero  diftrjcT",  Ten- 
peflee,  containing  3,261  inhabitants,  of 
•^horn  729  arc  (laves. 

^ilfowAlie,  a   town  of  Pcnnfylvania,  kj 


llfQated  on  the  Walenpapcck,  at  it* 
junSioa  with  the  Texawacfein,  120 
miles  N  of  Philadelphia.  Here  arc  al- 
ready erecfled  14  houfes,  a  faw  and  griR 
mill,  and  a  large  building  for  manufadlur- 
ing  fail  cloth.  The  creek  here  falls  up- 
wards of  300  feet,  fome  fay  500,  in  the 
fpace  of  a  mile  ;  for  17  miles  above  the 
falls  the  creek  has  a  gentle  current. 

Wilton,  A  village  of  Charlefton  diftrift, 
S  Carolina,  on  the  E  fide  of  Edifto  River, 
a7  miles  S  W  of  Charlefton. 

Wilton,  a  town  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  incorporated  June,  1803. 

W/lforr,  a  townihip  of  New  Hampfliirc, 
!  'ii.'^oorough  co.  S  W  of  Amherft,  adjoin- 
KV',.  about  70  milcswefterlyof  Portfmouth, 
and  56  N  W  of  Bofton.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1762,  and  contains  i,o  10  inhabit- 
ants. 

WimacoTfiach,  a  village  of  New  York,  \t\ 
Suftolk  CO.  Long  liland,  6  miles  W  by  S 
of  Smithtown,  and  N  E  of  Huntingdon, 
and  44  E  by  N  of  N.  York  city. 

V/inchdfca,  an  ifland  in  the  S.  PaciflQ 
Ocean,  Avhich  appears  like  three  iflauds, 
It  is  about  30  miles  S  by  E  of  Sir  Charley 
Hardy's  Idand. 

IVinchendony  a  pofl  town  of  Maflachu- 
fetts,  in  Worcefter  co.  7  miles  Nof  Gard^ 
ner,  ^s  N  W  of  Worcefter,6oN  W  by  W 
of  Bofton.  This  townfliip  was  formerly 
called  Ipfiaich  C<7«a(/a,  until  it, was  incorr 
porated  in  1764.  It  is  on  Miller's  River, 
and  contains  1,092  inhabitants.  This 
place  was  vifited  by  a  dreadful  tornado, 
on  the  21  ft  of  October,  1795,  which  did 
confiderable  damage. 

Winclefler^  a  poft  town  of  Conne<^icut, 
in  liitchlield  co.  about  is  or  15  miles  JSf 
of  Litchfield.     It  has  1,368  inhabitants. 

Wi^fhefler,  a  townlhip  of  N.  Hampfliirc, 
in  Chefl.ire  co.  E  of  Hinfdale  and  Fort 
Dummer,  adjoining.  It  is  no  miles  from 
Portfmouth,  and  contains  15413  inhabit- 
ants. 

Winchejler,  a  poft  town,  and  the  chief 
town  of  Clarke  co.  Kentucky,  546  miles 
from  Wafhington.    It  has  130  inhabitants. 

Winchejler,  or  I'redericfdoivn,  a  poft  town 
of  Virginia,  and  the  capital  of  Frederick 
CO.  It  is  near  the  head  of  Opeckon  Creek, 
which  empties  into  Patowmack  River  ; 
about  36  miles  from  the  celebrated  paf- 
fage  of  the  Pritowmack  through  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  82  milts  from  Wafliington. 
It  is  a  handfome  and  flourifliing  town, 
franding  upon  low  and  broken  ground, 
and  has  a  numbf-r  of  refpecflablc  buildings, 
amoBg  which  are  a  court-houfe,  gaol,  a. 
Prefb^-terij^n, 


W  I  N 


W  I  u 


J*rei!)ytcrian,  an  Eplfcopalian,  a  Metho- 
diil.  .Vid  a  new  Roman  Catholic  chufch. 
The  dwelling  houfcs  are  about  350  in 
/iumber,  feveral  of  which  are  built  of 
ftone.  It  is  a  corporation^  and  contains 
1,780  free  inhabitants,  and  348  flaves.  It 
was  formerly  fortified,  but  the  works  are 
now  in  ruins.  It  is  50  miles  £  by  S  of 
Romney,  100  N  E  by  Nof  Staunton,  no 
W  N  W  of  Alexandria,  iSo  N  W  of  Rich- 
mond.    N  !at.  39  17  30,  W  long.  78  39, 

H^iuJ  Gafy  a  pafs  in  the  Blue  Mountains 
in  Pcnnfylvauia  ;  about  9  miles  S  W  of 
Penn's  Fort.  Aitliough  too  feet  higher 
than  the  prcfent  bed  of  the  Delaware,  it 
ia  thought  to  have  been  formerly  part  of 
the  bed  of  that  river.  The  Wind  Gap  is 
a  mile  broad,  and  the  ftones  on  it  fuch  as 
fecm  to  have  been  waflied  for  ages  by 
Ivater  running  over  them. 

JVindham,  a  county  in  the  S  E  corner 
of  Vermont ;  Iiaving  Maflachufetts  S,  and 
Conaeclicut  River  E.  It  contains  %% 
townfliips,  and  23,531  inhabitants.  Chief 
towns,  New  fane  and  Putney. 

M'^indbam^  a  county  in  the  N  E  corner 
6f  Connctftrcut,  having  the  State  of  Maf- 
fachufetts  N,  and  the  State  of  Rhode  Ifland 
£.  It  contains  13  townfliips,  and  28,22a 
inhabitants,  including  35  Haves.  Chief 
town,  Windham.  This  is  a  fertile  and  well 
cultivated  county.  The  land  in  general 
is  ituny,  conftantly  varied  with  hills  and 
vales,  and-  well  watered  by  the  Quinua- 
bog,  Shctuckct,  and  numerous  other 
branches  of  the  Thames.  The  hills  lie 
in  ridges  N  and  S,  generally  from  a  to  4 
miles  apart.  The  timber  moft  common 
is  various  fpecies  of  oak,  walnut,  and 
ehefaut, 

fVindham,  the  capital  of  the  above  co. 
and  a  poft  town,  is  on  Shetucket  River,  la 
miles  N  by  W  of  Norwich,  31  E  of  Hart- 
ford, and  40a  from  Wafliington.  It  con- 
tains between  60  and  70  compa<5^  houfcs, 
a  court  houfe,  gaol,  an  academy,  and  a 
Congregational  church.  The  river  Wil- 
iimanrick  from  the  N  W,  and  Natchaug 
from  the  N,  meet  in  the  N  W  part  of  the 
towniliip,  and  form  the  Shetucket,  a 
pleafant  river,  affording  plenty  of  filli, 
particularly  fahnon,  at  fome  fe^fons  of 
the  year.  The  townfliip  was  fettled  from 
Norwich,  in  1686,  was  incorporated  in 
1702,  and  cQntains  2,864  inhabitants. 

fVinJ/jjm,  a  port  town  of  N.  Hamp- 
fl)ire,  Rockingham  co.  is  about  25  miles 
S  W  of  Exeter,  and  40  from  Portfmouth. 
It  contains  663  inhabitants. 

WUiiiiamt  a  poR  £<*\va  of  J\^ific,  Cum- 


berland CO.  134  miles  N  of  Bofton.  tt 
was  incorporated  in  176a,  and  ^-ontaint 
751  inhabitants. 

IVitidbam,  a'townfliip  in  Windham  co. 
Vermont,  made  in  1795,  of  the  E  half  of 
Londonderry. 

iFindhemy  a  pofi:  town  in  Green  co.  N. 
York,  404  miles  from  WaHhington. 

Windforf  a  towniliip  of  Nova-Seotia,  la 
Hants  CO.  near  the  river  St.  Croiz,  which; 
empties  into  the  Avon.  The  riversf 
Kenetcoot  and  Cocmiguen  (fo  called  by 
the  Indians)  run  through  this  townfliipr 
and  empty  into  the  Avon.  On  thefe  riv- 
ers are  flourifliing  fettlemcnts  and  fertile 
land.  Lime-Aone  and  plaftcr  of  Parir 
are  found  here.  The  lake  Potawock  (fo 
called  by  the  Indians)  lies  between  the 
head  of  St.  Margaret'^b  Bay  and  the  main' 
road  from  Halifax  to  Windfor ;  the  great 
take  of  Shubenaccadie  lies  on  the  E  fide 
of  this  road,  about  7  mileyfrom  it,  and- 
ai  from  Halifax. 

IVindfor,  a  county  of  Vermont,  bound-t 
ed  N  by  Orange,  S  by  Windham,  E  by 
Connetflicut  River,  and  W  by  Rutland 
and  part  of  Addifon  co.  It  contains  1% 
townfliips,  and  26,944  inhabitants. 

Wind/or y  a  poft  town  of  Vermont,  and 
capital  of  the  above  co.  is  on  the  V/ 
bank  of  Connecticut  River,  18  miles  N 
by  W  of  Charleftown,  in  N.  Hampfliirc, 
45  E  by  S  of  Rutland,  80  miles  N  E  of 
Bennington,  and  1^$  from  Philadelphia. 
The  townfliip  contains  2,211  inhabitants. 
This  with  Rutland,  is  alternately  the  feat 
of  the  State  leglflature. 

Windfor^  a  hilly  townfliip  of  Maffachu- 
fetts,  in  Berkfliire  co.  20  miles  N  N  W  of 
Lenox,  and  136  W  of  Bofton.  The  coun- 
ty road  to  Northampton  palTes  through  it, 
alfo  the  road  from  Pittsfield  to  Deerfield. 
It  gives  rife  to  Houfatonick  and  Weflficld 
rivers,  on  which  are  4  faw  mills,  and  a- 
cora  mills.  It  was  incorporated  in  1771, 
and  contains  961  inhabitants. 

IVindfor,  a  confiderable  and  very  pleaf- 
ant poft  town  of  Hartford  co.  Connecticut,- 
on  the  W  fide  of  Connecticut  River,  about 
7  miles  N  of  Hartford.  Ktie  V/iudfor 
Ferry  River,  formed  by  the  jun<£tion  of 
Farmington  and  Poquabock  Rivers,  emp- 
ties into  the  Conncdlicut  from  the  weft. 
Windfor  Ferry  River  divides  the  town- 
fliip into  the  upper  and  lower  pariflic*; 
It  has  2,773  inhabitants. 

J'Vmd/or,  Eajh      See  Eaji  Windfor. 

Windfr  a  townfliip  of  N.  Jerfey,  Mld- 
dlefcx  CO.  containing,  in  1790,  2,838  iu- 
habitants,  iaciudins  1 90  flaves. 

Windftfi 


W  I  N 


W  I  N 


,     tVhiJpr^  a  townflilp  of  Pennfylvanla, 
in  York  co.  having  1,495   inhabitants. 

iVindfor,iL  poft  town  and  the  cnpit'dl  of 
Bertie  CO.  N.  Carolina  ;  on  Cufhai  River, 
and  contains  237  inhabitjjxits,  a  court- 
houfe  and  gaol  It  is  23  miies  W  by  S  of 
JEdcntcn,  18  from  Plymouth,  97  from 
Halifax,  and  481  from  Philadelphia. 

JVindfor,  a  townfliip  in  L.  Canada,  on 
the  N  E  bank  of  St.  Francis  River,  S  E  of 
Shipton,  adjoining.  It  has  but  about  3 
or  4  families. 

JVindrvard  PaJJ'jge-,  a  rame  given  to  a 
courfe  froir.  tlic  S  E  part  of  the  ifiand  of 
Jamaica,  in  the  W.  Indies,  and  extending 
for  160  leagMCS  to  the  N  fide  of  Crooked 
Idand  in  the  Bahamas.  Ships  have  often 
failed  through  this  channel  from  the  N 
part  of  it  to  the  illand  of  Cuba,  or  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  notwithftanding  the  com- 
mon opinion,  on  account  of  the  current, 
■which  is  againf^  It ;  that  they  keep  the 
Bahama  fhOre  on  board,  and  that  they  j 
meet  the  wind  in  fuiraner  for  the  moft  j 
jjart  of  the  channel  eafterly,  wiiich  with 
a  counter  current  on  Ihore  pulhes  them 
cafily  through  ?t. 

IVindtvard  Poin*,  neat  the  cafterti  Ex- 
tremity of  the  illand  of  St.  Chriflopher's, 
is  the  E  point  of  Sandy  Plill  Bay  ;  1  miles 
W  N  W  of  St.  Anthony's  Hill  Point. 

JVinee;  Or  Blaci:  River^  in  S.  Carolina, 
rifes  in  Camden  diftrict,  and  running  S  E 
through  Cheraws  into  Georgetown  dif- 
tri(5l,  unites  with  Pedee  River,  about  3 
miles  above  Georgetown. 

Winhnll^  a  towndiip  of  Vermont,  Ben- 
nington CO.  30  miles  N  E  of  Bennington, 
having  ciSi  inhabitants. 

Winmptf>:r:^<-e^  a  laVe  in  N.  HampHiire, 
jtnd  the  largcQ;  collection  of  water  in  the 
State.  It  is  23  mi  Us  in  length  from  S  E 
to  N  \V,  artd  of  very  unequal  breadth, 
but  no  whet'c'  more  than  8  miles.  Some 
rery  long  necks  of  land  projcdl  into  it  ; 
?nd  it  contains  feveral  i Hands,  large  and 
fmall,  and  on  which  rattle-fnakes  arc 
common.  It  abounds  with  iiili  from  6  to 
ao  pounds  weight.  The  mountains  which 
furround  it  give  rife  to  many  ftreams 
•which  flow  into  it ;  and  between  it  and  the 
mountains,  are  Icveral  lefftr  ponds,  which 
communicate  with  it.  Contiguous  to  this 
lake  arc  the  townlliips  of  Mouitonbor- 
oligh  on  the  N  VV,  Tuftonborough  and 
Wolf  borough  on  the  N  E,  Meredith  and 
Gilmantown  on  the  S  W.  From  the  S  E 
extremity  of  this  lake,  called  Merry  j 
Meeting  Bay,  to  the  N  W  part  called 
Stnter  H«rbour,  there  is  good  navigation 


in  the  fummcr,  and  generally  a  good  road 
in  the  winter  ;  the  lake  is  frozen  about  3 
mouths  in  the  year,  and  many  fleighs  and 
teams,  from  the  circumjacent  towns,  crofs 
it  on  the  ice.  See  Aquedochton.  Winni- 
pifcogcc  River  coovcys  the  waters  of  the 
lake -into  Pemigewaffet  River,  through  its 
taftern  bank  at  New  Cliefter.  I'he  uni- 
ted ftreams  there  t^ke  the  name  of  Mer- 
rimack River. 

fVhrhnd,  a  Country  accidentally  dif- 
cbvcTcd  by  Biron  or  Biorri,  a  Norman, 
in  looi';  fuppofed  to  be  a  part  of  the 
ifland  of  Newfoundland.  It  was  again 
vifited,  and  an  intercourfe  opened  be- 
tween it  and  Greenland.  In  1221,  Eric, 
bifliop  of  Greenland,  went  to  Winland 
to  recover  and  convert  his  countrymen, 
who  had  degenerated  into  favages.  This 
prelate  never  returned  to  Greenland  ;  nor 
v/as  any  thing  more  heard  of  Winland 
for  feveral  centuries. 

M'^inlock^  or  JVenlock^'A  townfnip  of  Ver- 
mont, in  EfTex  co.  W  of  Alinehead. 

Wtnnfbago.  a  lake  of  the  N  W  Territorv, 
W  of  Michigan  Lake,  and  S  W  of  BaV 
Puan,  Into  which  it  fends  its  waters.  It 
is  about  15  miles  long  from  E  to  W,  and 
6  wide.  It  receives  a  large  flrcam  from 
the  S  W,  called  Crocodile  River.  Foi 
River  enters  it  fr5m  the  W,'  and  by  it, 
through  Ouifccnling  River,  has  commu- 
nicati(m  with  Mifliljppi  River,  interrupt- 
ed by  a  portage  of  only  3  miles.  The 
centre  of  the  lake  lies  in  lat.  about  43  30 
N,  and  long  88  10  W.  See  Ouifconjing 
and  Fox  PJvers. 

IVinntbagoes,  an  Indian  nation  inhabit- 
ing round  the  lake  of  the  fame  name," 
who  can  furnifli  2  or  300  warriors.  Their 
town  ftands  on  an  ifland  at  the  E  end  of 
the  lake,  of  about  50  acres  extent,  and 
diflant  from  Bay  Puan  35  miles,  accord- 
ing to  the  courle  of  the  river.  The  tovin 
contains  about  50  houfes,  -which  are 
flrongly  built  with  pallifades.  ^  The  land 
adjacent  to  the  lake  is  very  fertile,abound- 
ing  fpontaneonfly  with  grapes,  plums, 
and  other  fruit.  The  people  raife  a  great 
quantity  of  Indian  corn,  beans,  pumpkins,' 
fq\jafl)ts,  melons,  and  tobacco.  The  lake 
abounds  with  iiOi,  and  in  the  autuniri  or 
fall,  with  geti'e,  ducks,  and  teal,  that  are 
very  fat  and  V/ell  flavoured  by  feeding 
on  wild  rice,  which  grovirs  plentifully 
in  thcfe  parts.  Mr.  Carver  thinks  from 
the  refult  of  his  inquiries  of  the  origin, 
language,  and  cuftoms  of  this  people,  that 
originnlly  re/idcd  in  fome  of  the  prov- 
inces of  Mexico,  and  migrated  to  thisf. 

counUy 


WIN 


W  I  T 


<?ountry  about  the  year  1670.  Their 
language  is  different  from  any  other  yet 
dii'covcred  ;  and  they  converfe  with  oth- 
er nations  in  tJie  Chippcway  tongue 

IVinnipe^,  or  Winnepeck,  a  lake  in  U. 
Canada,  N  W  of  Lake  Superior.  It  hes 
between  lar.  51  and  54  N,  and  Ion.  95  30 
and  99  W.  It  is  21 7  miles  long,  including 
Bafcelcoggan  or  Play  Green  Lake,  its 
iiortlicrn  arm  ;  and  is  100  miles  broad 
from-  the  Canadian  Houfe  on  the  E  fide, 
to  Sable  river  on  the  W  iide.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  a  number  of  fmall  lakes  in 
every  direction,  and  exhibits  a  number  of 
imal!  ifles.  The  lands  on  its  banks  arc 
faid,  by  Carver  and  other  travellers,  to  be 
very  fertile,  producing  vafl;  quantities  of 
^vild  rice,  and  the  fugar  tree  in  great 
plenty.  Tlie  climate  is  confiderably 
liiore  temperate  here  than  it  is  upon  the 
Atlantic  coaft,  10°  farther  fouthward. 
It  is  the  refervoir  of  feveral  great  rivers. 
Nelfon  River  conducSls  its  waters  into 
Hudfon  Bay.  In  lat.  51  45  it  contracts 
itfelf  and  is  but  two  miles  wide.  This 
lake  and  others  in  this  quarter.havetheir 
banks  on  the  N  formed  of  black  and  grey 
rock,  on  the  S  by  a  low,  level  country, 
with  ridges  of  limeftone  ao,  30,  or  ao 
feet  high.  The  inhabitants  round  this 
lake  are  a  few  Knifteneaux  and  Algon- 
quin tribes.  No  maple  trees  are  found 
W  of  this  lake. 

Winnipeg.,  LittL',  a  lake  which  lies  W  of 
the  former,  and  has  communication  with 
Lake  Mtnitoba,  on  the  S,  which  lad  fends 
the  waters  of  both  into  Winnipeg  Lake, 
in  an  E  N  E  courfe.  It  is  80  miles  long 
and  15  broad.  Fort  Dauphin  is  fcated 
on  a  lake  contiguous,  on  the  W,  whofe 
waters  empty  into  this  lake.  Dauphin 
Fort  lies  in  lat,  51  46  N,  andlon.  IC054W. 

Winnipeg  River y  runs  N  W  into  the  lake 
of  its  name.  It  is  the  outlet  of  the  wa- 
ters of  a  vafl:  chain  of  lakes  ;  the  chief  of 
w^hich  are  La  Plue  and  Lake  of  the 
Woods.  The  lat.  of  the  Provifum  Store 
at  the  bottom  of  the  river,  is  50  37  N. 

Winnjhorougb,  a  pofl:  town,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  Fairfield  co.  S.  Carolina  ;  fituatcd 
on  a  branch  of  Wateree  Creek,  which 
empties  into  the  river  of  that  name. 
Here  are  about  25  houfes,  a  handfome 
court  houfe,  a  gaol,  and  a  college  called 
Mount  Zion  college,  which  is  fupported 
by  a  refpedldble  fociety  of  gentlemen, 
and  has  been  long  incorporated.  It  is  30 
miles  N  N  W  of  Columbia,  130  from 
Charlefton,  708  from  Philadelphia,  and 
541  from  Waflungton. 
Vdu  I.  Nnnn 


WinJloiVy  a  pofl  town  of  Kennebeck  cg. 
Maine,  on  the  E  lide  of  Kenneheck  R.  18 
miles  N  of  Augufta.  Fort  Halifax  was 
built  at  this  place  in  1734,  on  the  point 
of  land  at  the  confluence  of  Sebafticook 
and  Kennebeck  riveis.  This  town  is  88 
miles  N  by  E  of  Portland,  an  from  Bof- 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  ini77i,  and 
contain-d  in  1790,  779  inhabitants,  and 
in  1800,  135:0. 

Wintcrham,  a  place  ill  Amelia  co.  Vir- 
ginia. Black  lead  is  found  licre  ;  but  no 
works  for  its  manufaiElure  are  efiabllffi- 
ed  ;  thofe  wlio  want  it  go  and  procure  it 
for  themfelvc*. 

IVinthropy  a  pcft  town  in  Kennebeck  co. 
Maine,  between  Androfcoggin  and  Ken- 
nebeck 1  ivers,  about  10  miles  from  each  ; 
5  miles  eaflerly  of  Monmouth  ;  10  Why 
S  of  liallowell,  57  N  of  Portland.  The 
townfliip  was  incorporated  in  1 7  71,  and 
contains  1219  inhabitants. 

Wiuibrop^s  Bay,  ou  the  N  coafi:  of  the 
ifland  of  Antigua. 

Winion,  a  county  of  Orangeburg  dif-. 
tricfb,  S.  Carolina. 

Winio:i,  a  pofl  town  of  N.  Carolina, 
and  capital  of  Hartford  co.  ou  the  S  E 
fide  of  Chowan  river,  a  few  m.lcs  below 
the  place  where  Meherriti  and  Notta- 
way  join  their  waters.  It  has  a  court 
houfe  and  gaol,  and  a  few  coinpaei  houfes, 
It  is  12  miles  from  Murfrcelborough,  15 
fiom  the  bridge  on  Bennet's  Cteek,  130 
S  S  E  of  Peteriburg,  in  Virginia,  and  434 
from  Phiii.deiphia. 

Winyaiv  Bay,  OU  the  coaft  of  S.  Caro- 
lina, communicates  v.-ith  the  ocean  iz 
m.ilcs  below  Georgetown.  See  George^ 
ioivft. 

Wifi.aJ)'ctyZ  port  of  entry  and  poft  town 
of  Maine,  Lincoln  co.  on  the  Vv"  fide  of 
Shcepfcut  river,  178  milts  N  E  by  N  of 
Boflon,  and  659  from  Walhingtcn.  It  was 
formerly  Pownaiborongh.  It  contains  a 
congregational  church,  and  about  140 
houfes.  Its  navigation  is  greater  in  pro- 
porti(nito  its  fizc  and  nun;ber  of  inhabit- 
ants than  any  part  of  Maflachufctts.  A 
gizette  is  pubUihed  here,  and  the  county 
courts  are  held  in  it.  W^ifcailct  Point  is 
3  leagues  from  Crofs  river.  The  exports 
for  one  year,  ending  the  30rh  of  Septem- 
ber 1794,  amounted  to  23,329  dollars. 
A  bank  was  eftablifhed  here  in  ioC2. 

Wdcharti  Bayyh  within  the  great  found 
in  the  Bermudas  lilandsjn  the  W.  Indies  ; 
fituatcd  at  the  E  part  of  the  bottom  or  S 
part  of  the  Sound,  having  a  fmall  iflands 
at  the  mouth  of  it. 

Woiljoi, 


woo 


woo 


Woahooy  one  of  the  Sandwich  Ides,  in 
the  N.  Pacific  Ocean,  7  leagues  N  W  of 
Alorotoi  Ifland.  It  is  high  land,  and  con- 
tains 60,000  inhabitants  ;  and  lias  good 
anchoring  ground,  in  lat.  zi  43  N,  and 
Ion.  T5751  W. 

JVoafanac/jJty,  the  name  of  the  Delaware 
nation-,  in  their  language. 

Woapo,  one  of  the  Ingraham  Idands, 
3efs  in  Hze  than  Chriftiana.  The  body 
of  it  lies  in  lat.  9  17  S.  It  bears  N  W  by 
W,  about  ao  leagues  from  Refulutioa 
!Bay,  It  was  called  Adams,  by  Capt.  In- 
graham ;  and  a  fmall  ifland  to  the  louth- 
xvard  of  it  he  called  Lincoln.  Capt.  Rob- 
erts afterwards  difcovcred  ihem  and 
named  them  from  his  fliip  and  fchooner  ; 
<he  larger  Jefferfon,  and  the  lefier  Ecfo- 
lutio  /?. 

IVoourn,  a  poft  town  of  MaiTichiirctts, 
iVIiddlefex  CO.  10  miles  N  of  Bofton.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1642-  bv  the  name  of 
Wool)o,ne,&r\{!L  was  till  then  known  by  the 
name  of  Charhfoivn  Village.  The  wert:- 
trly  parifli  was  lately  fet  off  and  incor- 
porated by  the  name  of  Burlington.  It 
contains  12,28  inhabitants, 

Wolcottt  a  towniliip  of  Vermont,  in  Or- 
leans CO.  S  of  Craftlbury,  containing  47 
inhabitants.  I.a  Moillc  rivcrj  runs  N 
ivcftward  through  it. 

JVolcctt,  a  town  in  Conncdlicut,  N.  Ha- 
ven CO.  near  Fairfield.  It  has  94S  inhab- 
jtants. 

JVo'f,  a  fmall  boatahle  river  of  Ten- 
rfTee,  which  runs  wefterly  into  rxIilTifippi 
rircr,  about  19  miles  S  of  Hatchy  river, 
and  SS  from  Rtelfoot.  It  is  50  yards 
"ivide  feveral  miles  from  its  mouih,  which 
is  very  near  the  S  W  corner  of  the  State, 
in  lat.  35. 

WoIfLorougb,  a  townfliip  of  N-  Hamp- 
rflure,  Strafford  co.  on  the  E  fide  of  Wiii- 
iiipifiogee  Lake,  and  contains  941  inhab- 
itants. It  has  fome  fine  farms,  and  par- 
ticularly that  which  formerly  belonged  to 
Gov.  Went  worth. 

Wolves  I/lands,  lie  near  Campo  Bello  Ifl- 
and, on  the  E  coaft  of  Maine.  Between 
thele  the  foundings  are  from  30  to  100 
fathoms.  N  lat.  44  48,  W  loa.  65  40. 
From  Grand  Manan  Ifland  to  Wolves 
Iflands  the  courfe  is  N  R  by  N  3  le-.-.gucs. 

Womeldorf,  a  poft  town  of  Pennfyiva- 
"nla,  in  Berks  co.  on  the  W  fide  of  a  fmull 
Jlream  v/hich  fails  into  Tu'pehockcn 
Creek.  It  contain^  about  40  houfes,  and 
a  German  Lutheran  and  C;dvini(t  church. 
It  is  68  miles  N  W  of  Philadelphia. 

}Vc:,J.  a  county  of  Virginia,  bounded  N 


by  Harrifon  co.  containing  iti;  inhabit- 
ants. 

Woodbridge,  a  pofl  town  of  N.  Jcrfey, 
Middlefex  co.  on  the  great  road  from  N'. 
York  to  Philadelphia,  on  a  ftream  which 
falls  into  Arthur  KuII,  above  Amboy.  It 
is  about  3  miles  N  by  W  c>f  Amboy,  10  S 
W  of  Elizabeth  Town,  and  70  N  £  of 
Philadelphia.  The  townfliip  contained, 
ini790,  3550  inhabitants. 

fVoodbridgCy  a  townlliip  of  ConnecTticut, 
N.  Haven  CO.  about  7  miles  N  W  of  N. 
Haven  city.     It  has  2198  inhabitants. 

Woodbury,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  in 
Caledonia  CO.  35  or  20  miles  V/  N  W  of 
Barnct,  having  '^3  inhabitants. 

Woodbury,  a  po(t  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
and  capital  (^f  GluucefterCo.  fituated  near 
a  {inall  flreim  which  empties  into  the 
Delaware  below  Red  Bank.  Ir  contains 
about  80  houfes,  a  handfome  brick  court 
houfe,  a  Quaker  meeting  houfe,  and  an 
academy.  Several  of  the  houf':s  are  neat 
and  handfome  It  is  9  miles  S  of  Phila- 
delphia, 11  NE  of  Sv.'cdefourg,  and  155 
from  Wafliington.  Alio,  the  name  of  a 
townfliip  of  Pcnnfylvania,  in  Huntingdcn 
county. 

Wijcdhurw^  Y*^(i  town  of  Connc(5Hcul, 
in  Litchfuld  co.  8  miles  S  of  Litchfield. 
It  was  fettled  in  1672,  and  contains  19^4 
inhabitants. 

JVood  C.ef^,a  fiuggiHi  flrcam  which  rifcs 
in  the  high  lands,  a  little  E  of  Fort  Ed- 
ward, on  Hudfon's  river  ;  and  after  run- 
nit)g  25  miles,  falls  into  tliiC  head  of  lake 
Champlain  at  Skenefl)oro.  It  has  a  fall 
at  ils  mouth,  othcrwife  it  is  navigable 
for  battcaux  for  so  miles  up  to  Fort 
Anne. 

Wood  Creel,  runs  weflward,  and  emp- 
ties its  waters  into  Oneida  Lake.  It  is  a 
crooked,  fluggifli  flre^m,  3  or  4  yards 
wide.  Thirteen  canals  have  been  cut 
acrofs  fo  many  necks  of  land  to  render 
it  more  flraight.  A  mile  and  a  half  from 
the  lake  it  unites  with  Fifli  Creek,  vhich 
is  66  yards  wide.  The  Oneida  Indians 
have  rcftrved  half  a  mile  wide  on  each 
fide  of  this  Crctk,  for  20  miles  from  its 
mouth,  for  the  purpole  of  catching  fal- 
mon. 

Woodford,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  on 
Ohio  river,  between  Kentucky  and  Lick- 
ing rivtis.  It  contains  6452  inhabitants, 
of  whom  2058  are  in  flavery.  Chief  town, 
Verfciilles. 

Wudford,  a  townfliip  of  Vermont,  E  of 
Bennington,  adjoining.  It  contains  138 
inhabitants. 

Wood 


woo 


WOR 


PFoDd  Ijlantf,  on  the  fea  coaft  of  Maine, 
5  leagues  N  E  of  Cape  Porpoife,  and  S 
Why  S  4  leagues  of  Richmao's  Illand. 

lVood/i9ro\  A  i>o(t  tovva  ill  Frederick 
CO.  Maryland,  57  miles  frnm  Wafliingtc^n. 

Woods,  Lake  of  the^  the  nioft  iioi  theni  in 
the  Uuitcd  States,  is  fo  called  from  the 
large  quantities  of  u-ood  growing  on  its 
banks  ;  fuch  as  oak,  pine,-  fir,  fpruce,  &c. 
This  lake  is  fuppcfed  lo  be  the  fource  or 
coadudlor  of  one  branch  of  Bourbon  riv- 
er. Its  length  from  E  to  W  is  faid  to 
be  about  fevtnty  miles  ;  and  in  fome 
places  it  is  40  miles  wide.  In  lat.  49  ^ 
N,  Ion.  94:^  W,  is  a  portage  50  paces  long. 
It  is  on  an  illaac!,  and  called  Portage  du 
Rat.  The  Killiflinoe  Indians  encamp  on 
its  borders  to  filli  and  hunt.  This 
lake  is  the  communieatioii  between  the 
lakes  Winnipeg,  Bourbon,  and  Lake  Su- 
perior. This  lake  is  worthy  of  notice, 
as  by  treaty  a  line  from  its  N  W  point 
due  \H  to  the  MiiTilippi,  is  a  boundary  of 
the  United  States.  But  fuch  a  hue  can 
never  exift.  The  N  W  part  of  the  lake  is 
in  lat.  49  37  N,  and  Ion.  94  31  W.  The 
foiirce  of  the  molt  northern  braiich  of 
the  Milhiippijisin  lat.  47  38  N,  Ion.  95  6 
W,  as  afcertained  by  Mr.  Thompfon,  Ai- 
tronomer  to  the  N.  W.  Company.  He 
alfu  found  the  northern  bend  of  the  Md- 
louri  in  lat.  47  32  N,  Ion.  loi  25  W.  So 
that  a  line  due   W  can   never  ftrike  that 

river.  Mackenzie. 

Wooi^flock,  a  poft  town  of  Windfor  co. 
Vermont.  It  has  a  court  houle  and  about 
jodwtllino-  houfes.  It  lies  N  W  of  Wind- 
for, ridjoining,  and  contains  2132  inhab- 
itants. Waterquechie  river  paiTcs  through 
the  centre  of  the  town,  on  the  banks  of 
which  ftand  the  meeting  houfc  and  court 
houfe. 

JVoodJlocl,  a  townfliip  of  N.  York,  in 
Ulfler  CO.  bounded  E  by  Kingflon,  Hur- 
ley and  Marbletown,  and  M'  l)y  Delaware 
river,     it  contains  IZ44  inb.ibitants. 

V/uodJlock^  a  i'mall  pofl  town  of  N.  Car- 
f/iina,  on  the  E  fide  of  Pamplico  river.  It 
is  fituated  in  Hyde  co.  354  miles  from 
Wanilngton. 

IVoodjhck,  a  confulerable  and  plcafant 
townfliip  of  good  land,  in  the  N  E  coriicr 
of  Conneclicut,  Windham  co,  divided  in- 
to 3  parillies.  This  townlliip,  which  is 
7  miles  fquare,  was  granted  by  the  gen- 
eral court  of  Maflachuletts,  Nov.  1683, 
and  was  fettled  by  39  families  from  Rox- 
bury  in  1688.  This  town  remained  un- 
der the  jurifdiiffion  of  Maflachufetts  till 
about  the  year  1760,  iiuce  which  lime  it 


has  belonged  to  Connecfticut.  It  is  66 
miles  S  W  of  Bofton,  45  N  H  of  Hartford, 
22  S  \V  of  Wv.rccfter,  33  N  W  of  Provi- 
dence, and  about  the  iame  ddtanec  N  of 
Norwich.     It  has  2463  inhal>itants. 

IVooJjlochy  a  port  town  of  Virginia,  feat 
of  jnlbce  and  capital  in  Shenandoah  co. 
It  contains  about  2CO  houfts,  a  court 
houfe  and  gaol.  The  inhabitants  are 
mollly  Germans  and  their  defcendants. 
It  is  1%  miles  from  Strafburg,  and  iia 
from  W"aniington, 

Woodfloivn^  a  pod  town  of  N.  Jerfey, 
Salem  co.  and  contains  about  4c  or  50 
houfe?.  It  is  12  miles  N  by  E  of  Salem, 
31  N  by  W  of  Bridgetown,  and  26  S  S  W 
of  Philadelphia. 

WoodviUe,  a  jjofl  town  in  Culpepper 
CO.  Virginia,  94  milfs  from  Wafliinglon. 

^Fi;oi/y  Po//?/,  one  of  tlie  limits  of  Hope 
Bay,  on  the  N  W  coaft  of  N.  America, 
as  Breaker's  is  the  other.  It  is  in  about 
lat.  ,^0  41  N,  ]ou.  130  25  W. 

Wooliuich^  a  townlliip  of  Gioucefter  co, 
N.  Jerfey. 

Woolivich^  a  townfliip  of  Lincoln  co. 
Maine,  on  the  E  iide  of  Kenneheck  river, 
S  of  Pov.'aaiborough,  containing  868  in- 
habitan  s. 

WuonJ'jket  Falls,  on  Blueflone  river,  in 
Smithrield, Rhode  bland. 

JVorccj1ir,7i  large  and  populous  countv 
of  Mafi'achufetts.  It  contains  50  town- 
iliips, 53  Congregational  churches,5io,236 
acres  of  unimproved  land,  and  207,430 
under  cultivation,  and  61,192  inhabitants. 
It  is  about  50  miles  in  length,  from  N  to 
S,  and  40  hi  breadth  ;  bounded  S  almofl 
equally  by  the  States  of  Connecticut  and 
Rhode  liland,  and  N  by  the  State  of  N. 
Hampfliire.  On  the  E  it  is  bounded  chief- 
ly l->y  jMiddlefex  co.  and  W  by  Hampfhire 

CO. 

IVorcep.r,  a  poft  town  of  MafTachufetts, 
and  capital  of  the  above  county.  It  is  the 
largeft  inland  town  of  N.  England,  and  i* 
lituated  about  45  miles  W  of  Bodon.  s% 
N  E  of  Springfield,  and  300  N  £  of  Phi- 
lidelphia.  1  he  public  buildings  in  this 
town  are  2  Congregational  churches,  a 
handfome  court  houi'o,  and  a  llrong  ilone 
^aol.  The  inhabitants  are  241 1,  v/ho 
have  a  large  inland  trade,  and  manufac- 
ture pot  and  pearl  aih,  cotton  and  linen 
goods,  bclide  feme  other  articles.  The 
compact:  part  of  the  town  Oinntains  about 
150  neat  houfes,  fituated  in  a  healthv 
vale,  principally  on  one  flreet.  Printing 
in  its  various  branches,  is  carried  on  verv 
exteafivolv  in  this  town  bv  Ifaiah  Thorn- 


WRi 


WYO 


as,  Efq.  who  in  the  year  1791,  printed  a 
editions  of  the  Bible,  the  one  the  large 
royal  quarto,  the  firft  of  that  kind  publiili- 
ed  in  America,  the  other  a  large  folio, 
with  50  copper  plates,  befide  feveral  oth- 
er books  of  confequence.  His  printing 
apparatus  has  been  reckoned  the  largefl: 
in  America.  This  townfliip,  part  of 
•what  was  called  Quinjlvamond  by  the  In- 
dians, was  incorporated  in  1684  ;  but  be- 
ing depopulated  by  Indian  hoftilities,  the 
firft  town  meeting  was  held  in  172a.  It 
has  been  contemplated  to  open  a  canal 
between  Providence,  in  Rhode  Illand,  and 
this  town.     N  lat.  42,  23,  W  Ion.  71  44. 

JVorceJtt-r,  a  townfliip  of  Penni'ylvania, 
in  Montgomery  co. 

JVorccJii-r^  the  S  eafiernmoft   county  of 
Maryland,  having  Somerfet  co.  and  Chef- 
apeak  Bay  W,  Sincpuxent  Bay  E,  which 
opens  to  the  N.  Atlantic  Oce  -n,  and  Ac-  j 
comae  CO.  in  Virginia  S.     It  is  well  water-  ! 
ed  by  Pocomoke,  Aflatigul,  and  St.  Alar-  j 
tin's  river.     It    contains   16,370  inhabit-  ( 
ants,  including  439S  flaves.     Chief  town,  { 
Snowhill.  ! 

W'>r!fjti-r,  a  townfliip   of  Vermont,  in  I 
the  eafteimnofl  part    of  Chittenden    co. 
about  25    miles  E  of  Burlington,  having 
25  inhabitants.  j 

IVorm-ville,  a  town  in  the  Miflifippi  Ter-  ; 
ritory.  . 

l^Vorthhnrton,  a  poft  town  of  Maffachu-  I 
felts,  in  Flampnifie  co.  \')  miles  W  by  N  j 
of  Nortlinrnpton,  and  408  from  Wafliing-  1 
ton.  It  was  incorporated  in  1768,  and  ! 
contains  1223  inhabitants.  } 

IVrtnihan:^   the    IVollLTn tniippouge   of  ths    \ 
Indians,  a  pofl  tov/n  of  Norfolk  co.  Maf-  i 
fachufetts,  on  the  poH:   road   from  Bofton   : 
to  Providence,  '27  miles  S  S  W  of  Bofton,  I 
and  1 3   N   E  of   Providence,   containing 
lo(>x    inhibltants  ;  formerly   a   p^rt    of  | 
Dedham,  incorporated  in    i66r.     There  j 
is  a  cur- oils   cavern   in  this   town,    called   ( 
Wampoms  Rosl\  from  an  Indian  family  of  i 
that  name  who  lived  in  it  for  a  number  j 
cf  years.     It  's  ab-)ut  9  feet  fquare,  and  8 
feet   high,   lelTenlng  froai  the  center  to 
about  4  feet.     It  is  fiirrounded  by  broken 
rocks,  and  now  ferves  as  a  flielter  for  cat- 
tle and  flieep,  as  do  feveral  others  here, 
formerly  inhabited  by  Indians. 

IVr'tghtjhorfju^h^  a  fmall  fett'ement  or 
vill;'.ge  on  Little  river,  a  branch  of  the 
Savannah,  about  30  miles  from  Augufla. 
It  was  fettled  by  Jofeph  Mattock,  E.mcj. 
one  of  the  Friends,  v/ho  named  it  after 
Sir  James  Wright,  then  governor  of  Geor- 
gia, who  promoted  its  eftablifliraent. 


WrighiJlQiun,  in  Buck's  CO.  PennfylvaniK, 
4  miles  N  of  Newtown,  and  4  W  of  Dei- 
aware   river. 

Wunalachtiios^  a  tribc,  the  fecond  ia 
rank,  of  the  Delaware  nation. 

Wyaconda^  a  river  of  Louifiana,  which 
falls  into  the  Miflifippi,  34  miles  below 
Riviere  du  Moins. 

IVyaliiftng,  a  poft  town  of  Pennfylvania, 
Luzerne  county,  317  miles  from  Wafli- 
ington. 

JVyaluzing  Creel  in  Luzeme  CO.  Penn- 
fylvania,  falls  into  the  E  Branch  of  Suf- 
quehannah  river,  3  E  of  Tioga  Point. 

Wymoa  R>ad^ in  the  N.  Pacific  Oeean,  a 
place  of  anchorage  at  Atooi  Ifland,  one  of 
the  Sandwich  lilandsjin  lat.  21  57  N,  and 
Ion.  159  47  W.  It  is  at  the  S  Wfidc,  and 
about  6  miles  from  the  W  end  of  the  ifl- 
and. The  illand  is  about  10  league* 
long,  and  2,3  leagues  N  W  of  Woahoo 
Ifland. 

IVyondotts, or  W'tatidats^zn  Indian  nation 
reliding  near  Fort  Detroit,  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  Ottawas  and  Putawa- 
times,  whofe  hunting  grounds  am  about 
Lake  Erie.  The  number  of  warriors,  2^'^ 
years  ago,  were,  Wyondotts,  250,  Otta- 
was 400,  Putawatimes  150.  Another  tribe 
of  the  Wyondotts  live  near  Sanduflcy,  a- 
mong  the  Mohickons  and  Caghnawagas, 
who  together  have  300  warriors.  At  the 
treaty  of  Greenville,  in  confequence  of 
lands  ceded  to  the  United  States,  the  lat. 
ter  agreed  to  pay  them  a  fum  in  hand, 
and  in  goods  to  the  value  of  1000  dollars 
a  vear  for  ever. 

Wynton,  the  chief  town  of  Hertford  co. 
Edenton  diftriA,  N.  Carolina. 

Wyoming,  a  general  name  formerly  giv- 
en to  a  tra'ft  of  country  in  Pcnnfylvanin, 
on  Sufquehannah  R.  above  Wilkfharre. 
In  the  year  1778,  the  fettlemcnt  which 
was  known  under  this  name,  confiftcd  of 
8  townfliips,  each  containing  5  miles 
fqnare,  fettled  from  ConnecSlicut,  and 
originally  under  its  jurifdit5Iion,  and  pro- 
duced great  quantities  of  grain  of  all  fort", 
fruit,  hemp,  flax,  &c.  inhabited  by  about 
1000  families,  who  had  furniflied  the 
continental  army  with  near  looofoldiers, 
befide  various  fupplies  of  provifions.  &c. 
In  the  month  of  July,  all  thefc  flouriflilng 
fettlem.ents  were  reduced  by  the  Indians 
and  torics  to  a  ftate  of  defolation  and 
horror,  almoft  beyond  defcription.  [Sec 
V/epmorclnnd.]  In  the  vicinity  of  Wyom- 
ing is  a  bed  of  coal,  of  the  open  burning 
kind,  which  gives  a  very  intenfe  heat. 
Wyominjj  Falia  lie  about  a  miles  above 
Wilkfbarre, 


XAL 


YAD 


Wiikfbarre,  and  8|  miles  above  Nantl- 
koke  Falls.     N  lat.  41    14,  W  Ion.  75  ^3- 

IVyortoke  Creek,  in  N.  Carolina,  lies  with- 
in or  about  lat.  36  30  N.  The  charter  of 
Carolina,  in  1664,  extended  the  bounds 
eaftward  as  far  as  the  N  end  of  Currituck 
Inlet,  upon  a  flralght  line  wcfter'.y  to  this 
creek. 

Wyihe,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  f:vd  to  be  lao 
miles  in  length  and  nearly  50  in  breadth  ; 
bounded  N  by  Kanhaway,  anc  S  by  N.  ! 
Carolina.  There  are  lead  r^iines  in  this 
county,  on  the  Great  Kanhaway,25  miles 
Irom  the  line  of  N.  Carolina,  which  yield 
from  50  to  8olbs.  pure  lead  from  loolbs. 
wa tiled  ore,  but  moft  commonly  60  ro  HX). 
Two  of  them  are  workei  by  t!ie  public  ; 
the  beil:  of  which  is  100  yards  under  the 
hill  ;  and  although  there  are  not  more 
than  30  labourers  gcnevaHy  employed, 
they  might  employ  50  or  6o  to  advantage. 
The  labourers  cultivate  tlieir  own  corn. 
Twenty,  25,  and  fometimes  60  tons  of 
lead  have  been  extrad:ed  from  thefe 
mines  in  a  year  It  contains  5549  free 
inhabitants,  and  831  flaves.  Chief  tov/n, 
Evandiam.  The  court  houfe  i»  on  the 
poft  road  from  Richmond  to  Danville,  in 
Kentucky,  301  miles  from  the  former,  and 
2^%%  from  the  latte--.  Tt  is  46  miles  from 
Montgomery  court  houfe,  57  from  Abing- 
don, and  •;},<,  i  from  Wafhington.  A  poft 
ofEce  is  kept  here. 


>A  AGUA,  a  harbour  on  the  S  E  coafc  of 
the  ifland  of  Cuba,  and  one  of  the  finefl: 
ports  in  the  W.  Indies.  It  lies  between 
the  Idands  of  Pines,  or  Pinez,  and  Spirito 
Santo. 

Xahtes,  Santos,  or  All  Saints  JJlands^  fo 
named  from  their  being  difcovered  on 
that  Holy  Day,  by  the  Spaniards,  on  the 
S  E  fide  of  the  ifland  of  Guadaioupe,  and 
in  its  jurifdidtlon.  The  moR  wefterly  of 
thefe  three  ifies  is  called  Terra  de  Bas,  or 
the  Lbw  Ifland,  and  the  mofl:  eafterly  Ter- 
ra de  Haut,  or  the  High  Ifland.  The 
third,  which  lies  exa;5lly  in  the  middle 
between  the  other  two,  is  little  other  than 
a  barren  rock,  and  helps  to  form  a  very 
good  harbour. 

Xal'ifcQ,  a  province  of  New  Spain,  and 
the  mod  foutherly  on  the  coafl  of  Guad- 
alajara audience.  It  is  bounded  S  and  W 
by  theS.  Sea  ;  E  by  Guadalajara  Proper, 
and  Mechoacan,  and  divided  from  Chia- 
metlan,  on  the  N  by  a  narrow  flip  of  land 
kelong'ng  to  Guadalajara,  eitending  into 


the  fea.  It  is  not  above  150  miles  in  ex- 
tent either  way.  It  has  frlver  mines,  and 
abounds  with  Irdian  wheat,  but  has  few 
cai'-le.  The  oil  of  the  Liferr.al  Fi^  ire,  as 
the  Spaniards  call  i%  is  brought  f.-cm.  this 
province.  It  is  fa^d  to  be  eificacious  in 
diffolving  turners,  expelling  of  wind,  and 
ail  cold  humors,  bv  anointing  the  l^lJy, 
and  taking  a  few  drops  of  it  in  a  glafs  of 
v/ine,  as  aiio  by  clyfters.  It  is  alfo  faid 
to  cure  ulcers  in  the  Iiead,  and  deafnefs. 
'i'he  Indians  are  numerous  here,  and  are 
reckoned  braver  nnd  more  polite  than 
their  neighbouring  countrymen.  The 
Xalifco,  an  ancient  city,  is  the  capital,  yet 
the  mofl:  confidcrable  place  in  it  is  Com- 
poftflla. 

Xcnayes,  Lagupa  df  los,  a  large  h'.kc  of 
Para'Vi'ay,  in  S.  America,  formed  by  the 
river  Paraguay,  in  its  courfe  from  N  toS. 

Xeres  d-:  la  Fronicra,  a  lov.'ti  in  the 
fouthernmofl  parr  of  Zacatecas,  province 
of  Guadilajara  audience,  in  N  Spain,  ia 
N.  An-.L-rica.  It  is  gariifoned  for  defend- 
ing the  mines  againfl    the  hoftile  Indians. 


J-  ABAOUE,  one  of  the  Lucayos,  or  Ba- 
hama ifland,  fituated  S  W  of  Meguana 
Ifland.    .N  lat.  ^t  30. 

Yadk'm,  a  confiderable  river  of  N.  Caro- 
lina, which  rifes  in  the  Alleghany  Aloua- 
tains,  running  E  about  60  miles,  then  turn- 
ing to  the  S  S  E  pafles  the  Narrows,  a 
few  miles  above  Rocky  river ;  thence  di- 
reAing  its  courfe  through  Montgomery 
and  Anfon  counties,  enters  S.  Carolina. 
It  is  about  400  yards  broad  where  it  paf- 
fes  Salifbury,  but  it  is  reduced  between 
%  hills,  about  1$  miles  to  the  fouthward 
of  that  tov.rn,  to  the  width  of  80  or  100 
feet.  Eor  a  miles  it  is  naroov/  and  rapid, 
but  the  moft  narrow  and  rapid  part  is  not 
above  half  a  mile  in  length.  In  thi» 
narrow  part,  fliad  are  caught  in  the  fpring 
of  the  year,  by  hoop  nets,  in  the  eddies, 
as  faft  as  the  ftrongeft  men  are  able  to 
throw  them  out.  Perhaps  there  is  not  in 
the  United  States  a  more  e!igil:ile  fituation 
for  a  large  mianufadturing  town.  Boats 
with  40  or  50  hogfheads  pafs  cnfily  from 
thefe  Rapids  to  Georgetown.  The  late  war, 
by  which  N.  Caroliua  was  grartly  con- 
vulfed,put  a  flop  to  feveral  iron  works. 
In  1790  there  were  4  or  5  furnaces  in  th« 
State  that  were  in  blaft,  and  a  proportion* 
able  number  of  forges.  There  was  i  ia 
Guilfoni  CO.  I  in  Surry,  and  i  in  Wilkes, 
all  on  the  yadk'n.      From  the  moiitJi  of 

Ilockjr 


YACL 


YC  A 


•Rocky  r'r/er  to  the  ocean,  tlie  (Ireafn  af- 
fumes  the  name  of  Great  Feihc. 

Yagarchoca^  a  lake  of  Quito,  witliin  tlie 
limits  of  the  jurifdlAioa  of  Sna  Ivligiiel  de 
Ibarra.  It  is  famous  for  having  been  the 
fepulchte  of  the  Inliabicanti  of  Otabah), 
when  taken  by  Knayna  Capac,  the  I2th 
Inca  ;  who,  infteaJ  of  rewarding  their 
magnanimity  with  clemency,  was  irritated 
at  the  noble  refiftjince  whicli  they  made 
agiinft  his  array,  ordered  them  all  to  be 
beheaded,  and  their  bodies  to  be  thrown 
into  the  lake  ;  hence  its  name,  which  fig- 
nities  a  lake  of  blood. 

Tago^  St.  or  .?/.  James^  an  ancient  town 
on  the  N  fide  of  St.  Domingo  Ifland, 
founded  before  1504,  and  tlie  country 
round  is  reckoned  as  healthy  as  any  in  the 
ifland.  It  Is  fituated  on  the  high  road 
from  La  Vega  to  Duxavon  ;  10  leagues 
\V  by  N  of  the  former,  and  28  eaftcrly 
of  the  latter,  and  about  10  from  the  an- 
choring place  of  St.  Yague,  and  nearly  as 
far  from  Port  de  Plate.  It  ftands  on  tho 
northern  fide  of  the  river  Yaqui,  in  a 
I'avanna'i  commanding  tlie  river.  The 
town  is  open,  and  regularly  laid  out,  and 
contains  above  600  houfes.  It  is  52 
leagues  N  N  W  of  St.  Domingo  city,  34  W 
by  N  of  the  bottom  of  Samana  Bay,  and 
aa  N  W  of  Cotuy.  The  territory  of 
St.  Yago,  or  Jago,  contains  a8,ooo  fouls, 
and  is  very  fertile  in  mines.  The  fand 
of  Green  and  Yaqui  rivers  is  mixed  with 
gold.  Mercury  is  found  at  the  head  of 
the  latter  river,  and  copper  is  alfo  found 
in  this  territory.  The  tree,  guatapana, 
which  retains  its  Indian  name,  is  found 
here.  It  bears  a  fort  of  grain  or  pod,  from 
which  is  extracSted  a  very  fine  black  dye. 

Taguache,  a  lieutenancy  of  Guayaquil  ju- 
tifdidtion,  in  S.  America.  It  lies  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  the  fame  name, 
which  empties  into  that  of  Guayaquil  on 
the  S  fide,  and  has  its  fource  irom  the 
fklrts  of  the  Cordilleras,  S  of  the  river 
Bamba.  Within  its  jurifdicfcion  are  3 
towns  ;  the  chief  of  which  is  that  where 
the  cuflom  houfe  is  ere(5ted,  and  called 
San  Jacint  de  Yaguache  ;  the  2  others  are 
Naufa  and  Antonche.  It  produceb  wood, 
cocoa,  cattle,  and  cotton. 

Tale  College.      See  Neiu    Haven. 

TamacraiVi  the  ancient  Indian  name  of 
the  fpot  where  Savannah,  in  Georgia  now 
(lands.  Alfo  the  name  of  a  tribe  of  the 
Creek  Indians. 

Yuquc,  Port  St.  vulgarly  called  GIJ  Port, 
a  fmall  anchoring  place  on  the  N  fide  of 
the  illaud  of  St. Domingo  ;  between  Fad- 


rtjvn    AVefl,   and   Macoris    Point    F.a!l. 

Vu^ui,  (Jrr.ndy  or  Monte  Clriji  River,  a 
river  of  the  N  part  of  St.  Domingo,  which 
runs  a  W  N  W  courfe,  and  empties  into 
the  Bay  of  Monte  Chrift.  It  might  be 
afcended  in  canoes  or  fn;ail  boats,  for  i? 
leagues,  were  it  not  for  the  limbs  of 
trees  which  lodge  in  it.  All  its  numexoiis 
branches  are  from  the  fouthward.  See 
Monte  Chriji. 

Tardjhy't  Ferry,  on  Delaware  river  is  3 
miles  N  W  of  Trenton,  in  N.  Jerfey,  and 
3  miles  be'ovv  M'Crankey's  Ferry. 

Tart,  a  town  in  Amazonia,  S.  America, 
at  the  head  of  a  branch  of  Amazonia  riv- 
er, Swefterly  from  Macapa. 

Tarmouih,  a  poft  town  of  Maffachufetts, 
Barnilable  co.  on  the  peninfula,  of  C?.pe 
Cod,  4  miles  E  of  Earnflable,  li  E  l)y  S 
of  Sandwich,  and  77  S  E  of  Eofton.  1  he 
harbour  is  defcrilied  in  the  account  of 
Barnjlahle ;  which  fee.  The  towHifliip 
extends  fiomfea  to  fea.  It  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1639, and  contains  1727   fouls. 

Tartr.outh,-^  townfliip  of  Nova  Scotia, 
in  Queen's  co.  fettled  by  New  Englandert,. 
It  lies  at  the  head  of  a  iLort  bay,  8  miles 
S  E  of  Cape  St.  Mary. 

Tarunui,  a  plain  4  leagues  N  E  of  the 
city  of  Quito,  and  249  toifes  lower  than  it. 
Near  it  is  a  village  of  the  fame  name. 
This  fpot  was  pitched  upon  as  the  bafe 
of  the  wJiole  operations  for  meafuring 
the  length  of  an  arch  of  the  Meridian,  by 
Ulloa. 

Ta%on  River,  in  the  Mlllifippi  Territory, 
confifts  of  3  large  branches  which  run  a 
fouthtrn  courfe,  and  near  its  mouth  thefe 
unite  and  purfue  a  S  W  courfe  a  few 
miles,  and  the  confluent  Aream  enters  the 
eaftern  bank  of  the  MiHifippi,  by  a  mouth 
upwards  of  100  yards  wide  ;  according 
to  Mr.  Gauid,  in  lat.  32  37  N,  and  by  Mr. 
Purcel,in  32  38. 

Tu7:.oo  Cliffs,  or  Aux  Cotes,  lie  7^  miles 
from  the  river  Yazoo,  and  39  r  miles  from 
Loufa  Chitto,  or  Big  Black  river. 

Tbague,  a  city  of  New  Gianada,  in  Ter- 
ra Firma. 

Tea, ox  Valverde,  or  the  Green  Vale,irora. 
a  valley  of  the  fame  name  plaured  with 
vines,  which  is  6  leagues  long,  and  produ- 
ce, plenty  of  wine.  It  is  about  41  miles 
S  E  of  Pifco,  in  Peru,  and  is  inhabited  by 
500  Spaniards.  It  is  a  beautiful  and  rich 
tov.-n,  having  a  large  church,  3  convents, 
and  an  hofpital.  About  6  leagues  from 
the  town  is  its  port,  called  Puerto  Quem- 
ada. 

Tcaqiie,  or  IcjcQ,  the  northern   pointof 

the 


VOR 


Y  O  R 


tlie  bay  of  Manccnilla,  in  the  ifland  of  St. 
Domingo. 

Telloiv  Mountahu     See    ^enejfee. 

Tloy  a  port  of  Peru,  in  Los  Charcos  con- 
venient for  loading  and  unloading,  in  lat. 
j8  S.  The  town  of  the  fame  name  lies 
about  a  quarter  of  a  league  to  the  wiid- 
ward  of  the  river,  and  is  inhabited  by  In- 
dian?.    Frez'er  calls  it  Jiilo. 

Toh',ga'iy),  the  principal  branch  of  Mo- 
nongahela  rivir,  called  alfo  Toughingeny, 
and  Toxhiogen'r,  purfaes  a  N  W  courfe,  and 
pafl'es  through  the  Laurel  Mountain, 
about  30  miles  from  its  mouth  ;  is.  fo  far, 
from  300  to  150  yards  wide,  and  the  nav- 
i station  much  obttrutfted  in  dry  weather 
l^y  rapids  and  flioals.  In  its  pafi'age 
thr:)ugh  the  mountain  it  makes  very  great 
falls,  admitting  no  navigation  for  10  miles, 
to  the  Turkey  foot.  Tiicnce  to  tlie 
(ireat  Crolling,  about  20  miles,  it  is  again 
jiavigable  except  in  dry  feafons,  and  at 
this  place  is  200  yards  wide.  The  four- 
ces  of  this  river  are  divided  from  t hole 
of  the  Patovv^mack,  by  the  Alleghany 
jSfountain.  .  From  the  falls,  vi'here  it  in- 
terfeAs  the  Laurel  Mountain,  to  Fort 
(Jumberland,  the  head  of  the  navigation 
to  the  Patowmack,  is  40  miles  of  very 
mountainous  road.  Tlie  country  on  this 
liver  is  uneven,  but  in  the  vallies  the  foil 
is  extremely  rich.  Near  to  Pittfl)urg  the 
country  is  well  peopled,  and  there,  a«» 
well  as  in  Redflune,  al!  the  comforts  of 
life  are  in  the  greateft  abundance.  This 
whole  country  abounds  with  coal,  which 
1  C3  almoft  on  the  furface  of  the  ground. 

Tonkers^z  '^oi\.  town  of  N.  York,  in  W. 
Chefler  co.  bounded  E  by  Bronx  river. 
It  contains  1176  inhabitants. 

To'nig  Frederick's  JJlunJ,  on  the  N.  W. 
coaft  of  N.  America,  divides  Port  Ingra- 

Iiara.        See  Port  Ingrahnm. 

York,  a  river  of  Virginia,  which  takes 
its  rife  near  tlie  Blue  Ridge,  and  empties 
into  the  Chefapeak,  a  little  S  of  Mobjack 
Bay.  At  York  Town  it  atFords  the  beft 
harbour  in  the  State,  which  will  admit 
vnirels  of  the  largeft  lize.  The  river 
there  narrows  to  the  width  of  a  mile,  and 
is  contained  within  very  high  banks,  clofe 
under  which  the  veflels  may  ride.  It  has 
4  fathom3  water  at  high  tide,  for  zo  miles 
above  York,  to  the  mouth  of  Poropotank, 
where  the  river  is  a  mile  and  half  wide, 
and  the  channel  only  75  fathoms  pafling 
under  a  very  high  bank.  At  the  conflu- 
ence of  Pamunky  and  Mattapony  it  has 
but  3  fathoms  depth,  which  continues  up 
Pamuukyto  CuniberlandjWhcrc  the  width 


is  100  yards,  and  up  Matapony  to  within 
2  miles  of  Frazer's  Ferry,  where  it  be- 
comes 28^;  fathoms  deep,  and  holds  that 
about  5  miles. 

Tori^  a  river  of  York  co.  Maine,  which 
runs  np  7  or  8  miles,  and  affords  a  tolera- 
ble harbour  for  veflels  under  ico  tons, 
'i'he  rocks,  however,  render  it  fomewhat 
difficult  and  hazardous  for  ftrangers. 

Tork^  a  maritime  and  populous  co.  of 
Maine,  bounded  E  by  Cumberland,  S  by 
the  ocean,  \'/  by  N.  Hampfliire,  from 
which  It  is  ftparated  by  Salmon  Fall  riv- 
er, and  N  by  Canada.  It  is  well  watered 
by  Saco,  Moufom,  and  other  ftreams,  and 
is  divided  into  20  townfliips,and  contains 
37,729  inhabitants.     Chief  town,  York. 

Tortus,  poll  town  of  Maine,  in  York  co. 
o  miles  N  F.  of  Porlfniouth,  in  N.  Fiamp- 
fhlre,  20  S  of  Wells,  and  75  from  BoUoii. 
N  lat.  43  16.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  cap- 
ital of  the  county.  The  river  of  Its  name 
empties  into  York  harbour.  It  is  navi- 
gd-»le  for  veiTels  of  250  tons.  About  a 
mile  from  the  fea  is  a  wooden  bridge, 
acrofs  the  river,  270  feet  in  length,  which' 
was  crecfled  in  1761.  Before  the  war,: 
25  or  30  veflels  were  employed  in  the  Wc 
India  trade,    and   coafling   bufinefs,  but 


j  their   veflels 


:aken    or  deflioved, 


and  little  marine  bujlnefs  is  now  done, 
except  that  a  fmall  filbery  is  fupportcd. 
This  townfl^ip  was  fettled  in  1630,  and 
called  Agamenticus^  from  the  hill  of  that 
name  which  is  a  noted  land  mark  for  mar-, 
ijiers.  In  1640,  or  41,  Sir  Ferdinand  Gor-- 
ges  incorporate  J  a  great  part  of  it  by  the' 
n.^.me  of  Gorgiuna,  and  appointed  a  mayor,. 
aldermea,  recorder,  though  this  circum.-- 
fiance  feems  not  to  have  added  to  its 
wealth  or  importance.  In  the  year  1692, 
the  Indians  took  the  town  by  furprlie, 
and  burnt  moft  of  the  houfes,  and  150 
perfbiis  were  killed  or  captivated.  It 
contains  2776  inhabitants.  Fifli  of  vari- 
ous kinds  frequent  the  rivers  and  fliores 
of  the  fea  contiguous.  In  a  calm  feafon, 
in  the  fummer,  one  may  fhmd  on  the  rocks 
of  the  fliore,  and  catch  thcni  in  the  fea, 
v/lth  a  line,  or  even  with  an  angling  rod| 
and  a  fathom  or  two  of  hne. 

Tork,  a  county  of  Pennfylvania,  bound- 
ed E  and  N  E  by  Sufqueiiannah  river, 
which  feparates  it  from  Lancafter  and 
Dauphine  counties,  and  S  by  the  State  of 
Maryland.  It  contains  18  townfliips,  and 
25  643  inhabitants. 

Tori,   a   poft  town  and  capital  of  the 

above  county,  fituated  on  the  E  fide  of 

Codcrus  Cre.k,  which  empties  into  thp 

SufquehannaK, 


YOR 


YUC- 


iSufquehannah.  It  contains  about  500 
houfcj,  fevcrd  of  whicii  are  of  brick. 
Thjs  town  is  regularly  laid  out ;  the  pub- 
lic buildings  are  a  court  Iiuufc,  a  ftone 
gao!,  a  record  ofrice,  handfomely  builf,  an 
academy,  a  German  Lutheran,  a  German 
Caivinift,  a  Prelbytctiau,  Roman  Catho- 
lic, and  Moravian  church,  and  a  C^aker 
meeting  houfe.  U  is  %z  miles  W  S  W  of 
Lancafter,  5  r  N  W  by  W  of  Hartford,  in 
Maryland,  199  N  E  of  SLaunton,  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  88  W  of  Phiiadclphia. 

York,  a  diftridl  cf  S.  Carolina,  bounded 
E  by  Catabaw  river.  N  by  N.  Carolina  ; 
S  by  Cbeller  co.  and  W  by  Broad  river, 
which  divides  it  from  Spariaaburg,  aad  is 
one  of  the  moft:  a;^recable  and  healthy 
parts  of  the  ftate,  and  well  watered  by 
G^tabaw  and  Broad  rivers,  and  their 
tributaries.  It  contains  10,248  inhabit- 
ants, of  whom  i%o%  are  ilavcs.  At  the 
court  houfe  is  a  pofl:  olTice. 

•  Tork,  a  CO.  of  Virginia,  bounded  N  by 
York  river,  which  dividd  ic  from  G!ou- 
icefter  co.  S  by  Wuwick  ;  K  by  Elizabeth 
City  CO.  a.>m  V/  by  t'nat  of  James  City. 
It  contains  1 211  free  iahabicants,  and 
ao20  Haves. 

Toil.,  or  Torhioivn^ a  pert  of  entry  and 
poft  town  of  Virj^inia,  and  capital  of  York 
CO.  I-t  is  agreeably  ntuated  on  the  S  fide 
of  York  river,  where  the  river  is  fudden- 
Iv  contracted  to  a  narrow  compaf'i,  op- 
pofite  to  Glouceftcr,  and  a  mile  diilant, 
where  there  «s  a  fort  fronting  that  on 
the  York  fide,  about  1 1  miles  VV  by  S  of 
Toes  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
The  banks  of  the  river  are  very  high,  and 
vefTels  of  the  greateH:  burden  may  ride 
clofe  under  them  with  the  greatetl  fafe- 
ly.  It  contains  abojt  60  or  70  houfes,  a 
j^oal,  an  Epifcopal  cliurch,  and  a  tobacco 
ware  houfc.  In  1790,  it  contained  661 
inhabitants,  of  wiicm  37*  were  flaves. 
Its  exports,  in  the  year  1794,  amounted 
to  71,578  dollars.  It  will  ever  be  famous 
in  the  American  annals  for  the  capture 
of  Lord  Cornwalli??  and  his  army,  by  the 
Ci)mbined  forces  of  the  United  States  and 
France,  which  took  place  on  the  19th  of 
OcTtober,  1781.  It  is  iz  miles  E  by  ii  of 
Williamfburg,  21  N  W  of  Hampton,  7a 
E  S  E  of  Richmond,  350  S  S  W  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, and  192  from  Wafliington.  N 
lat.  37  2- i  30,  W  Ion.  'jG  s^. 

Tori,  a  town  of  Upper  Canada,  fituated 
on  the  N  W  fide  of  Lake  Ontario,  and 
is  defigned  to  be  the  future  feat  of  gov- 
ernment of  that  province.  The  public 
buildings  are  creiiliJg.    It  is  40  miles  N 


by  W  of  Niagara  Fort,  and  1 10  W  S  W 
of  Kingflon.  N  lat.  43  45,  W  Ion.  79, 
or  4  W  of  Philadelphia. 

l^ori  Bdy,  is  9  miles  long,  and4  broad, 
and  fpreads  to  the  fouthward  before  the 
city  ot  N.  York.  It  is  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  E.  and  Hudfon's  rivers,  and 
embofoms  fcveral  fmail  illands,  of  which 
Governors  Ifland  is  tlie  principal.  It 
communicates  with  the  Ocean  through 
the  Narroivs.,  between  Stiiten  and  l-ong 
Ifiands,  which  are  fcarcely  2  miles  wide. 
The  pa.Tage  up  to  N.  York,  from  Sandy 
Hook,  the  point  of  I^nd  that  extends  fur- 
theft  into  the  leu,  is  fafe,  and  not  above 
20  miles  in  length.  The  connnon  navi- 
gation is  between  the  E  and  W  banks, 
in  about  za  feet  water.  The  light  houfc 
at  Sandy  Hook  is  in  lat.  40  30  N,  and 
Ion.  74  2  W. 

Tori:  Fo?-t^  on  the  S  W  ilioie  of  Hudfon's 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Port  Nelibn  river, 
is  160  miles  wefterly  of  Severn  Houfe, 
N  lat.  57  I  5 1>  W  Ion.  9246  40. 

York  Harbour,  lies  within  the  elbow 
formed  by  S.  Head,  in  the  Bay  of  Illands, 
Newfoundland  iHand. 

Tork  JJhmd,  one  of  tlie  Galiipago  illands, 
on  the  coaft  of  Peru. 

'J '(//-/}  Jfd,  or  IJlands^  lie  in  S  lat.  50  37, 
about  JO  leagues  from  the  coaft  of  Pata^^ 
gonia,  in  S.  America,  and  are  inhabited. 
Trinity  lile  lies  due  E  of  them  near  the 
main  land. 

Tork  Zi</^r<?,  on  the  coaft  of  Maine, 
Fiom  York  Harbour  to  York  Ledge,  the 
courfe  is  S  E  2  leagues. 

Tork  Mi;if,.r,  on  the  S  coaft  of  the  iH- 
and Terra  del  Fuego,  is  19  leagues  at  E  S 
E  from  Gilbert  llland.  S  lat.  S5  26,  W 
Ion.  70  2?. 

Tcrk  RoaJ,  or  Bay,  in  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  in  S.  America,  is  lo  miles  from 
Cape  Crofs  Tide.  S  lat.  $2,  39>  W  Ion. 
73  52. 

Torktotvn,  a  towniliip  of  N.  York,  Weft 
Cheftcr  co.  E  of  Peekllcill,  has  1716  in- 
habitants. 

Touf'h  Glades,  2l  poft  town  Alleghany  co. 
Maryland,  173   miles  from  Wailn'ngton. 

Toii^Lio'reny.      See  TJjogLtny. 

Toungjloivn,  a  poft  town  in  the  co.  of 
Trumbull  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  contain- 
ing in  1800,  503  inhabitants  ;  66  miles  N 
W  of  Pittftjurg  and  10  from  Warren.  Set- 
tled from  Pennfylvania  and  N.  England. 
The  main  branch  of  the  Big  Beaver  di- 
vides this  town.  It  is  329  miles  from 
Waftiington. 

TucaUny  one  of  the  7  provinces  of  the 
audience 


Z  AC 


ZU  Y 


audience  of  Mexico,  in  New  Spain.  The 
Brltifli  had  a  right  to  cut  logwood  and 
carry  it  av/ay,  by  the  treaty  of  17 S3,  in 
the  tra6t  between  Rio  Konde  and  Balize 
rivers. 

ITuma,  Bay  of.      See  Higitty. 

Tuna,  a  river  of  the  illand  of  St.  Domin- 
go, which  runs  an  E  S  E  and  E  courfe, 
and  empties  into  the  \V  end  of  the  Bay 
of  Samana.  It  rifes  near  Monte  Chrift 
river.  It  is  navigable  no  farther  than 
Cotuy,     13     leagues    fronx   its     mouth. 


ZjACATECAS,  a  province  of  New 
Spain,  bounded  by  New  Bifcay  on  the  N, 
by  Panucoon  on  the  E,  Mechoacan,  Gua- 
dalajara, and  Chiametlan  on  tlie  S,  and  by 
part  of  Chiametlan  and  Culiacan  on  the 
W.  It  is  well  inhabited,  and  abounds 
•with  large  villages.  The  mines  here  are 
reckoned  the  richeft  in  America. 

Zacatecas,  the  capital  of  the  above 
province,  fituated  under  the  tropic  of 
Cancer,  40  leagues  N  of  Guadalajara,  and 
80  N  W  of  Mexico.  Its  garrifon  confifts 
of  about  1000  men,  and  there  are  about 
800  families  of  flavcs,  who  work  in  the 
mines  and  other  laborious  work.  N  lat. 
23  29,  W  Ion.  103  ao. 

Zacallan,  a  town  of  Mexico.  See  An- 
gelas, 

Zacatula,  a  fmall  fcaport  town  of  the 
province  of  Mechoacan,  lituated  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  the  fame  name,  en 
the  coaft  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  N  l?.t.  1 7 
7,2,  W  Ion.  104  58. 


^  Zacheoy  or  Dcfcchlo,  a  fmali  ifland,  8  or 
9  leagues  to  the  N  E  by  N  of  Mona,  be- 
tween the  illand  of  St.  Domingo,  and  that 
of  Porto  Rico.  It  u  nothing  more  than 
a  green  mountain,  3oo  or  1000  yards  long. 
Zamora,  a  city  (»f  Peru,  in  S.  America, 
aoo  miles  S  of  Q^tto,  which  is  pretty- 
large,  and  the  hoults  well  built  of  timber 
and  (tone.  The  church  and  convent 
of  Dominicans,  are  both  elegant  flruc- 
turcs.  There  are  feveral  gold  mines  in 
the  neighbourliood  of  the  city,  but  few 
of  them  are  worked.     S  lat.  4  lo,  W  Ion. 

77  5- 

Zdiufville,  a  pofl:  town,  in  the  flate  of 
Ohio,  on  the  Scioto  river,  about  So  miles 
from  its  mouth. 

Zoar,  a  tract  of  unincorporated  land 
in  Berkfhire  co.  Mailachufetts,  contain- 
ing 215  inhabitants. 

Zapotccas,  a  river  of  New  Spain  which, 
runs  N  E  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  A 
fort  of  the  fame  name  (lands  on  the  N  V/ 
bank  of  the  river,  about  250  miles  S  Ji 
from  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Zeliio,  or  Ziltio,  one  of  the  forts  for  the 
proteAion  of  the  harbour  of  Carthagena, 
on  the  N  coafl  of  S.  America. 

Zitar,  a  town  of  Terra  Firma,  S.  Amer- 
ica, near  to  and  S  from  the  head  of  the 
gulf  of  Darien. 

Zoncolcucan,  mountains  in  Guaxaca,  in 
New  Spain,  whi(  h  give  rife  to  Papalca- 
pain  or  Alvarad  river. 

Zonojbio,  the  chief  town  of  the  Seneca 
Indians,  2  miles  N  of  Seneca  Lake. 

Zuydt  River,  a  name  in  Dutch  maps  giv- 
en to  Delaware  river. 


Vox..  I. 


Ooos 


APPENDIX 


A  R  K 


B  AL 


j^lDAMS,  a  town  In  Grafton  co.  New 
J^ampfliire,  containing  i8o  Inhabitants. 

AppoquiHimini,2.  town  in  New  Caflle  co. 
Delaware,  containing  4245  inhabitants. 

Ariaa/anv,  zriyer  of  Louifiana,  which 
Jails  into  the  Miflifippi,  158  miles  above 
the  Yazoo  river.  It  is  fo  called  from 
^  nation  of  Indians  of  the  fame  name.  Its 
fource  is  nearly  in  the  latitude  ^f  Santa 
Fee  in  New  Mexico,  and  it  is  faid  to  be 
navigable  for  batteaux  750  miles.  It  runs 
through  an  immenfely  rich  and  fertile 
country.  About  10  or  iz  miles  up  this 
river  from  the  Miflifippi,  there  was  for- 
jmerly  a  fprt,  garrifoned  generally  by  a 
company  of  Spanifli  foldiers,  for  the  pur- 
pofe  of  defending  the  trade  carried  oh 
between  New  Orleans  and  the  feveral  vil- 
lages of  St.  Genevive,  &c.  and  particular- 
ly for  defending  the  commerce  with  the 
Arkanfaw  Indians,  confifting  of  about  z8o 
warriors  who  were  as  much  attached  to 
the  French  intereft  as  the  Chickafaws 
were  to  that  of  the  EngJifli.  No  fettle- 
ments  were  made  here  except  i  or  2  for 
the  immediate  accommodation  of  the 
garflfon.  The  inundation  of  the  Mifli- 
iippi,  about  3  years  ago,  occafioned  the 
evacuation  of  the  above  poft,  and  the 
efliabliflmient  of  another  on  the  nortji- 
crn  bank  of  the  R.  36  miles  higher  up. 
This  poft  confifting  of  a  fubaltern's  com- 
luaod,  6  pieces  of  cannon  and  8  fwivels, 
vas  attacked,  about  18  months  fince,  by  a 
party  of  Chickafaws,  who  killed  10  fol- 
jdiers  of  the  garrifon,  and  fooij  after  con- 
cluded a  peace  with  the  Spaniards.  There 
is  a  hamlet  clofe  to  tlif  fort  inhabited 
only  by  merchants  and  traders.  The 
Arkanfaw  river  difcjjarges  itfelf  into  the 
Miffifippi  by  two  channels,  about  15 
miles  from  each  other ;  the  uppermoft  is 
called  Riviere  Blanche,  from  its  receiv- 
ing a  river  of  that  name,  reported  to  be 
pavigahle  600  miles,  and  the  foil  through 
which  it  runs  ecjual  ii)  quality  to  any  on 
tJie  Miflifippi.  fiu  Pvatz, 


A/cot,  a  town  in  Lower  Canada,  on  both 
fides  of  St.  Francis  river,  15  miles  N  E 
from  the  N  E  point  of  Lake  Memphrem- 
agog.  This  town  is  fituated  in  the  cen- 
ter of  new  fettlements,  formed  by  emi- 
grants from  various  parts  of  the  United 
States,  chiefly  from  N.  England,  in  this 
part  of  Canada,  and  will  probably  be  the 
feat  of  juftice  for  a  diftrid:  embracing  the 
above  fettlements.  The  townfliips  are 
laid  out  10  miles  fquare.  This  town  con- 
tains about  300  inhabitants  and  is  faft  in- 
creafing.  The  country,  in  this  neigh- 
bourhood, is  remarkably  fine,  covered 
with  fugar  maple,  intermingled  with 
butternut,  elm,  bafs  wood  and  birch. 
Wheat  and  corn  are  raifed  here  in  large 
crops.  It  is  a  good  grazing  country. 
The  river  in  this  place  is  from  30  to  50 
rods  wide,  andfurni flies  fine  fifli,  fuch  as 
falmozi,  ilurgeon,  trout,  pike,  pickerel, 
bafs,  and  eels.  (See  Shipton.']  The  terri- 
tory between  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the 
United  States,  is,  a  great  part  of  it,  laid 
outintownfliips  of  10  miles  fquare  and 
18  faft  fettling.  Provifion  is  made  by 
the  government  for  the  maintenance  of 
free  fchools,  in  all  places  where  the  inhab- 
itants are  able  and  difpofed  to  funiifli 
fchool  houfes. 

AJhley,  a  town  in  Georgia,  Lincoln  co. 
containing  498  inhabitants. 

Athens,  in  Georgia,  the  feat  of  the  Uni- 
yerfity. 

Augufa,  a.  town  in  Bracken  co.  Ken- 
tucky, containing  143  inhabitants. 

Augit/Ia,  a  townfliip  of  Oneida  co.  N. 
York,  on  Oneida  creek,  S  E  of  Oneida  Caf- 
tle;  containing  1^98  inhabitants. 


JLJAIE  PAIRREy  a  fettlement  in  thp 
Miflifippi  territory,  Pickering  co.  con- 
taining 779  inhabitants. 

Baltinwrcy  a  town  in  Sufi*ci  co.  Delaware, 
containing  1395  inhabitants. 


BET 


CAM 


'Bar'kfdale^  a  town  In  Lincolfl  CO.  Geor- 
gia, containing  673  inhabitants. 

Barnjlon^  a  townlliip  in  Lower  Canada, 
on  the  line  which  divides  Vermont  from 
Canada,  having  Stanftead  W,  and  Camp- 
ton  N,  and  contains  about  ^00  fouls. 

Barree,  (formerly  Wildcnburgh  ;)  a 
townfhip  in  Orange  co.  Vermont,  con- 
taining 919  inhabitants. 

Batavia,  a  town  in  Geneflee  co.  N. 
York,  on  the  great  road  to  Niagara,  10  or 
12  miles  W  of  Geneflee  river.  Here  is 
a  haudfome  court  houfe,  and  a  number 
of  dv/elling  houfes,  whofe  appearance  is 
indicative  of  an  infant  though  tluiving 
^Jttlement.  This  town  is  fituated  within 
the  limits  of  an  extenfive  tracSljpurchafed 
by  a  company  of  Hollanders,  called  the 
"  Dutch  purchafe,"  and  is  fettiing  under 
their  diredlion.  Greiv. 

i)a//6,  in  Grafton  co.  N.  Hampfliire  .The 
Great  Amonoofock  pafles  through  a  cor- 
ner of  this  town,  andfurnilhes  a  variety 
,of  excellent  mill  feats.  Already,  in  1803 
are  eredled  ^  grift  mills,  2,  fav/  mills,  i 
forge,  I  clothiers  works,  and  a  carding 
michine.  In  the  towns  adjacent,  is  found 
ore  of  an  excellent  quaiity,  ab()it,t  12  miles 
from  this  forge  ;  a  iiaiKlibme  meeting 
houfe  with  a  fteeplelias  lately  been  ete(Sl- 
ed  in  this  town. 

Bi'.ion  Rouge.,  a  fettlcment  on  the  K  fide 
of  the  MUrifippi,  above  the  pariih  of  Man- 
chac,  which  is  about  9  leagues  in  extent, 
26  leagues  below  New  GrJ.eans.  It  is 
the  fir  ft  place  on  the  river  v.'here  hard 
land  approaches  the  river.  Here  it  rifes 
30  or  40  feet  above  the  highcft  Hoods,  and 
extends  a  conf^derable  difta^ice  back  be- 
fore it  finks  into  fwamp?.  ^'liomfon's 
Creek,  and  Bayou  Sara  are  fubordinate 
to  Baton  Rouge.  Tlie  head  v/aters  of 
thefe  creeks  ai-e  above  hx.  31.  Tlieir 
banks  have  the  beft  foil,  and' more  num- 
erous cotton  plantations  than  any  other 
part  of  Louifiana.  In  this  plantation  is 
a  remarkable  cyprefs  tree  ;  a  ihip  carpen- 
ter offered  to  make  2  pettyaugres  from 
it,  one  of  14,  and  one  of  16  tons.  "  It  rifes 
fooutof  fight  that  the  height  could  ne\er 
be  meafurcd."  One  of  the  firft  adventur- 
ers v»'ho  landed  here,  happened  to  fay, 
t  lat  tree  would  make  a  good  walking 
ftick,  and  cyprefs  wood  being  red,  the 
place  was  called  Baton  Jiouo^. 

Dii  Piatz,  Jcffcrjm. 

Belle  Fottr.talne,  a  village  in  the  Indiana 
t'^rritory,  St.  Claire  co.  containing  286 
j.ihabitants. 

BcthUham,  a  town  in  Grafioji   co.   N. 


Hampfhlre,  containing   171   inhabitant*. 

Big  Black,  a  fettlement  in  the  Miffifippi 
territory,  Pickering  co.  containing  ij8  in- 
habitants. 

Big  Springs  in  Geneffee  co.  N.  York, 
a  few  miles  W  of  Geneflee  river,  in  the 
town  of  Southampton,  on  the  road  to  Nia- 
gara is  reckoned  a  great  curioflt3^  The 
water  which  iilues  from  it,  covers  feveral 
acres,  and  forms  a  ftream  fuflicient  to 
carry  feveral  mills,  which  are  fituated  on 
it.  GV^xf. 

Bolton,  2i  toy/nfliip,  in  L.  Canada,  onthg 
W  fide  of  the  northern  part  of  Mem- 
phremagog,  having  about  ajo  inhabitants, 
20  miles  W  of  Afcot. 

Bridgeport,  Fairfield  CO.    See  Nenvjield. 

Broad  Creek,  a  town  in  Suffex  co.  Dela- 
ware, containing  1819  inhabitants. 

Brampton,  a  towiifhip  cn  the  S  W  bank 
of  St.  Francis,  inL.  Canada,  N  W  of  Afcot, 
and  has  about  100  inhabit imts. 

BrookUne,  tov/nfliip,  in  Windham  co. 
Yermont,  was  made  out  of  part  of  Athens 
and  Putney,  in  1794, 

Buffalo-:  and  Bute  Sarah,  fettlcments  in 
the  Miflifippi  territory,  Adams  co.  con- 
taining 635  inhabitant:-. 


'UABAP.RAS  Co.  in  N.  Carolina.  On  a 
creek  in  this  co.  a  bed  uf  gold  ore  has  late- 
ly been  found,  from  which  has  been  tak- 
en a  lump  of  2,8ibs.  cftimated  to  be  worth 
between  5  and  6000  dollars.  I'he  land, 
on  V,  hich  this  ore  is  found,  belongs  to 
Mr.  John  Reed,  a  native  of  Hefl:e  Caffel, 
Germany.  North  CarcUna  jjajjer,  Dec.  5, 
1803. 

Camhriif,  a  fettlement  confifting  of 
20,coo  acres,  formed  by  emigrants  from 
Wales,  on  the  waters  of  Conemaug  and 
Black  Lick,  in  Somerfet  co.  Pennfylva- 
nla,  begun  in  the  autumn  of  1796.  In 
this  fettlement  is  laid  out  a  town  named 
Beula,\  mile  fquare  ;  395  acres  in  which 
are  appropriated  to  the  benefit  of  the  firft 
fettlcrs  for  public  buildings,  fchools,  a  li- 
brary, and  for  tlie  encouragement  of  agri- 
culture and  nianufaiflurcs  ;  and  2C0  acres 
in  the  fettlement,  for  the  difiemiuating  of 
religious  knowledge.  It  is  13  miles  from 
the  Frankflown  branch  of  the  Juniata,  13 
from  the  W  branch  of  the  Sufquehanna, 
14  from  Clearfield  creek,  and  8  from 
Cheft  Creek  ;  on  the  Juniata  road  from 
Philadelphia  to  Pittfburg,  about  230 
miles  from  the  former  and  80  from  the 
latter,      rive  hundred  ground  lots    (58 

feet 


CHE 


COE 


f^ct  by  125)  In  the  town,  were  offered  for 
fale  (1797)  at  10  dolls,  eacli,  payable  in 
cafli,  or  valuable  books  to  form  a  public 
library  in  the  town  for  the  ufe  of  tlie  fet- 
tlers.  Harris. 

Camden,  a  tov'nlliip  of  Oneida  cq.  N. 
York,,  N  of  the  lake,  and  embracing  the 
weftern  branch  of  Filli  creek  ;  containing 
384  inhabitants. 

Canada.  The  Spaniards  were  the  firfl: 
who  difcovered  Canada.  On  their  arri- 
val in  the  country,  finding  nolhing  wliich 
they  thought  valuable  in  it,  they  foon 
abandoned  it,  and  named  it  11  Capo  di  na- 
duy  thfit  is  A  Cape  (f  Nothing,  heace  by  cor- 
ruption fpruijg  the  word  Canaiii,  which 
is  ufed  in  all  our  maps.  Hinnlpln. 

Cujileton,  a  village  in  the  tov/nlhip  of 
Schoodack,  in  RenfTalaer  cp.  N.  Yprk. 

Cedar  Crdci,  a  town  in  Suffex  cc>.  Dela- 
M^are,  containing  2512  inhabitants. 

C/jafal/a,  the  weftern  mouth  of  the  Mif- 
fifippi.  It  is  the  firfl  branch  that  turns 
ofF  irom  the  main  ftream.  It  leaves  the 
MifTifippi  in  the  W  part  of  the  remarka- 
ble bend  to  the  W,  which  it  makes  juft 
below  the  31'^  of  Jllat.  and  appears  to 
have  been  the  Red  River.  Once  proba- 
bly the  cout;fe  of  the  Mifllfippi  kept  a 
diredl.courfc  from  Clarkfviile  to  Bayou 
'1  unica  ;  water  now  runs  acrofs  this 
neck,  v/hen  the  river  is  high,  and 
I'evcral  ponds  lie  in  this  fpace  of  8  miles; 
but  the  river  breaking  through  its  W 
bi^nk  to  fweep  an  arch  of  50  miles,  flung 
itfelf  into  the  channel  of  Red  river,  and 
when  again  it  turned  E,  part  of  its  waters 
continued  in  the  channel,  and  that  por- 
tion is  now  Chafalia.  RedR.noAV  entersthe 
Miilifippi  where  its  banks  v/ere  firfl  brok- 
en through  by  that  conquering  llream. 
The  trees  carried  down  the  current  of 
Chafalia,  have  lodged  and  formed  an  im- 
meufe  floating  bridge,  over  which  not  only 
men,  but  Qattle  and  horfes  may  pafs. 

Chatham,  a  tov/nliiip  in  Grafton  co.  N. 
Hamplliire,  containing  i33  inhabitants. 

Chaitahouchcy  a  large  river  navigable 
from  its  mouth  above  the  S  line  of  the 
United  States.  Sloops  afcend  to  the 
mouth  of  Flint  river.  The  banks  are 
iowfor  40  miies  from  the  mouth,  and  ex- 
cepting a  few  places,  arc  inundated  every 
year.  Limeftone  is  found  a  few  miles 
below  Flint  river,  and  afcending  this  river 
iron  ore  is  difcovered.  See  Apalo.chicola. 
Ellicott. 

Cheefc'CQch,  a  town  in  Orange  co.  N. 
York,  has  21 16  inhabitants.  It  is  W  of 
^toney  Point. 


Chclpa,  a  townfliip  in  Orange  co.  Ver- 
mont, containing  897  inhabitants. 

Chiago,  a  river  which  empties  into  the 
S  part  of  Lake  Michigan,  in  the  N.  W. 
Territory.  The  head  waters  of  tliis  riv- 
er interlock  with  the  waters  of  the  Illi- 
nois river.  The  government  of  the  U.  S. 
has  lately  determined  to  ere(5l  a  fort  at 
Chiago,  on  the  mouth  of  this  river,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Lake,  and  another  fort  has 
already  been  built  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  two  rivers  above  named.  Thefe  wil^ 
complete  a  chain  of  forts  and  garrifons, 
from  Fort  Adams,  below  the  Natchez  to 
Niagara,  through  the  heart  of  the  Wefl- 
crn  country.  The  number  of  troops 
that  garriibn  thefe  forts,  are  notfufncieut 
to  repel  a  formidable  enemy,  but  to  keep 
in  iubjedlion  and  awe  the  natives  of  the 
wildernefsi,  whofe  enmity  has  cosfed  to  be 
the  terror  of  An^.ericans.  The  Company 
of  Infantry  who  is  to  build,  and  garrifoa 
the  fort  at  Chiago,  arrived  there  lafl  fum- 
rner.  The  warriors  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  that  place  colleAed  together  and 
told  the.comnianding  ollicer  tl.at  it  v/ould 
be  agaiail  their  confent  if  the  fort  was 
eredlied,  and  if  he  perfcvercd  in  building, 
they  would  coUetSl  3  or  4C0  of  tl-eir  warri- 
ors and  oppofe  their  defign.  The  cflicer 
replied  that  he  was  fent  there  by  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  to  build  a 
fort,  and  he  ffiould  proceed  on  with  z\i 
poflfibie  dif'patch.  And  thus  the  buiintf* 
it  is  fuppofed  will  terminate. 

Chili,  extends  from  the  uninhabited 
parts  of  Atacama,  which  divides  it  from 
Peru  N,  to  the  Ifles  de  Chiloe  on  the  S, 
and  from  the  Pacific  Oce:in  W  to  the 
foot  of  the  Andes  or  Cordilleras.  It  is 
divided  into  two  bifliopricks  or  provin- 
ces, St.  Jago,  and  Conception,  each  of 
v/hich  has  an  Intendent.  St.  Jago  is  the 
capital  of  Chili  ;  it  was  founded  in  1541, 
and  contains  30,500  inhabitants.  About 
a  millicn  of  fpecie  is  annually  coined  in 
this  city.  The  fubordinate  cities  in  this 
great  kingdom,  r.re  Coquimbp,  Chilian, 
Conception,  and  Valdivia  ;  and  the  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Valparaifo,  Capiapo,  VaU 
lenar,  St.  Francifco  de  Borja,  St.  Raphael 
de  la  Rofa,  La  Ligua,  Quillota,  Los  An- 
des, Meliipilla,  St.  Jofcph,  Acongua,  St. 
Ferdinand,  Curico,  Talca,  Linores,  Nue- 
va,  Bilboa,  and  Caugeres.        Vancouyer. 

Ciiithiana,  a  town  in  Harrifon  co.  Keu- 
tucky,  containing  87  inhabitants. 

Coenccuh,  a  river  of  Florida,  which  fallu 
into  Penfacola  bay,  which  is  an  excellent 
harbour.    The  river  i*  navigable  within 

the 


FRE 


.fUE 


t>.e1incof the UnitedStates.  VcfTcls^wliich 
-draw  not  more  than  zi  feet  of  water, 
may  fafely  crofs  the  bar  at  any  time.  The 
•banks  of  the  river  arc  inundated,  a  large 
portion  of  every  fprlug,  from  its  mouth 
rnany  miles  above  the  S  line  of  the  IT.  S. 
with  the  exception  of  a  very  few  places. 
Ellicott. 

Colchsflcr,  Connecflicut.  In  Nov.  1803, 
an  academy  by  the  name  of  JS.rcon  Academy., 
was  opened  in  this  town.  For  the  ac- 
commodaiion  of  the  fchoiars,  a  large,  ele- 
gant brick  building  has  been  credled,  75 
^y  34  feet  in  Iize,  and  3  ftories  high.  It 
is  divided  into  a  fpacious  hall,  and  con- 
venient apartments  for  the  different 
l>ranchcs  of  inftrucStion.  The  funds  of 
the  Inftitution,  amount  to  36,000  dollars. 

Cale  R'-ver^  enters  the  Kanhawa  on  the 
W  fide  about  50  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Its  length  is  about  100  miles. 

Cole's  Creel',  a  fettlement  in  Mifllfippi 
territory,  Pickering  co.  containing  1493 
inhabitants. 

Concord,  a  town  in  Cabanas  co.  N.  Car- 
.olina,  containing  23  inhabitants. 


n 


D 


'jIERFIELD,  a  townfliip  of  Oneida 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the   Mohawk  River,  op-  ! 
pofite  Utica.     It  has  1048  inhabitants. 

Bimerary.  furrendered  to  the    Britifli 
Sept.  19,  1803. 


X^uLIZABEril  rOlVN-,  is  fituatcd  in 
Harden  co.  Kenlucky,  and  contains  56  in- 
habitants. 

El'icottf-villey  a  town  in  the  Miflifippi 
territory,  Pickering  CO.  containing  j6  in- 
habitants. 

Efperanzay  a  village  on  the  W  fide  of 
Hiidfon  river,  oppollte  Hudfon  city.  See 
^uneiihurgh. 

Effcquebo,  furrendercd  to  the  Britifli, 
Sept.  19,  1803. 


Jr'  AIR  CHILDS,  a  fettlement  in  the 
MifTifippi  territory,  Pickering  co.  contain- 
ing 3  5'2  inhabitants. 

F.dmmth,  a  town  in  Pendleton  co.  Ken- 
tucky, containing  40  inhabitants. 

Frcrtozcn,  A  plantation   on  Sebaftlcook 
river,  Kennebeck   co.  Maine,  containing 
214  inhabitant*. 
'    J-'REDOyiA.    Under  this  new  gepgrlc 


name  *  is  comprcliended  the  whole  Ter- 
ritory now  under  the  government  of  th^ 
United  States  ;  bounded  N  by  Upper  and 
Lower  Canada,  E  by  N.  Brunfwick  and 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  S  by  Florida  and  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  W  by  N.  Mexico  and 
the  Shining  Mountains,  which  divide  the 
weftern  waters  of  the  Milhfippi,  from 
thofe  which  fall  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.. 
This  Territory  lies  between  28  and  50  N 
lat.  and  66  and  116  W  Ion.  from  Green- 
wich. Its  extreme  length  from  E  to  W 
is  upwards  of  2000  miles,  and  its  extreme 
breadth  about  1500.  It  is  eftimated  to 
CQiitain  nearly  2.000,000  fquare  miles, 
which  is  fourfifths  as  many  as  are 
contained  in  all  Europe.  It  is  about 
twice  the  fize  of  the  Chlnefe  Empire, 
and  if  we  except  Ruflia,  it  is  by  fir  the 
largefl:  territory  on  earth,  whofe  in- 
habitants live  under  the  fame  general 
government.  The  Mifllfippi  river 
divides  Freionia  nearly  in  its  centre, 
leaving  i,ooc,ooo  fquare  miles  E  of  it,  in 
the  prefcnt  U.  States,  and  nearly  the  fame 
number  of  fquare  miles  -W  of  it.  The 
vale,  if  it  may  be  fo  called,  between  the 
Alleghany  and  Sliining  Mountains,  which 
is  interfedled  by  the  Mifllfippi,  and  wa- 
tered by  its  numerous  and  large  eaftern 
and  weftern  branches,  contains  nearly  a 
million  and  a  half  fquare  miles,  and  may 
be  reckoned  among  the  finefl:  portions 
of  the  globe.  Fredonla  has  a  fea  coaft  of 
many  thoufand  miles  in  extent,  along 
which  are  but  few  illands  of  much  import- 
ance, but  full  of  harbours,  many  of 
them  equal  to  any  in  the  world.  Its 
mountains,  lakes,  and  rivers,  are  all  upon 
a  large  fcale.  Its  climate  and  foil  arc 
adapted  toalmoftallthe  variety  of  produc- 
tions which  the  earth  affords.  Over  the 
vafl  furface  of  Fredmia  are  fcattered,  in 
feme  parts  (particularly  N.England)  thick- 
ly, but  generally  very  fparfely,  about  five 
millions  and^  half  of  inhabitants,  exclufivc 
of  Indians,  a  feventh  part  of  whom  are  in 
flavery.  The  /'rf'/o;«V;7j,except  the  aborigi- 
nal inhabitants,  and  the  negroes  imported 
from  Africa,andtheirdefcendants  of  every 
fliadc,  are  a  people  colletStcd  from  almoft 
every  nation  in  Europe,  and  their  pofter- 
Ity.  A  part  of  Fredonia,  which  fliould 
have  been  introduced  under  the  head  of 
Loutftana,  but  accidentally  omitted  in  its 
place,  is  here  fubjoined. 

General  defcription    of    Upper     Lourfiana . 
«*  When  compared  with  the  Indiana  ter- 
ritory, 

*  Tin- reulbns  for  .nloptins:  this  name  are  mm- 
ti  oncd  in  the  preface,  which  fee. 


FRS 


FRE 


j^torjvthc  face  of  the  country  In  Upper 
JLouifiana  is  rather  more  broken,  chough 
the  foil  is  equally  fertile.  It  is  a  fadl  nor 
to  be  contefted,  that  the  W  ftde  of  the 
river  pofleflcs  fome  advantages,  not  gene- 
rally incident  to  thofe  regions.  It  is  ele- 
vated and  healthy,  and  well  watered  with 
SI  variety  of  large  rapid  ftreams,  calculat- 
ed for  mills  and  other  water  works. 
From  cape  Giraudcau,  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio,  to  the  Miflburi,  the  land  on 
the  E  fide  of  the  Miflifippi  is  low  and  flat, 
and  occafioxxally  expofed  to  inundations  ; 
that  on  the  Louifiana  (ide  contiguous  to 
the  river,  is  generally  much  higher  and 
in  many  places  very  rocky  on  the  fliore. 
Some  of  the  heights  exhibit  a  fcene  truly 
pix^turefque.  They  life  to  a  height  of  at 
lead  300  feet,  faced  with  perpendicular 
time  and  frerjione,  carved  into  various 
Ihapes  and  figures  by  the  haad  of  nature, 
and  afford  the  appearance  of  a  multitude 
of  antique  towers  !  From  the  tops  of  thcf^ 
elevations,  the  land  gradually  Hopes  back 
from  the  river,  without  gravel  or  rock, 
and  is  covered  with  valuable  timber.  It 
may  be  fard  with  truth  that,  for  fertility 
of  foil,  no  part  of  the  world  exceeds  the 
borders  of  the  Miflifippf  ;  the  land  yields 
an  abundance  of  all  the  necelTai  ics  of  life 
and  alraoft  fpontaneoufly  ;  very  little  la- 
bour being  required  in  the  cultivation 
of  the  earth  !  That  part  of  Upper  Louifia- 
xia,  which  borders  on  New  Mexico,  is 
one  immenie  prairie  $  it  produces  nothing 
but  grafs  ;  it  is  filled  with  buffaloe,  deer, 
and  other  kinds  ofgame;  the  land  is  repre- 
ftnted  as  too  rich  for  the  growth  of  foreft 
trees.  It  is  pretended  that  U.  Louifi- 
aina  contains  in  its  bowels  many  lilver  and 
copper  mines,  and  various  fpecimens  of 
both  are  exhibited.  Several  trials  have 
been  made  to  afcertain  the  fatSt ;  but  the 
want  of  fkill  in  the  artifts  has  hitherto 
left  the  fubje<5t  undecided.  The  fait 
works  are  alfo  pretty  numerous  ;  fomc 
belong  to  individuals  ;  others  to  the  pub- 
lic. They  already  yield  an  abundant  fup- 
ply  for  the  confumption  of  the  country  ; 
and  if  properly  managed,  might  becomean 
article  of  more  general  exportation.  The 
ufual  price  per  bufliel  is  156  cents  in  cajh  at 
the  works.  This  price  will  be  {fill  lower  as 
foon  as  the  raanufacSlure  of  the  fait  is  af- 
fumed  by  government,  or  patronized  by 
men  who  have  large  capitals  to  employ 
in  the  bufinefs.  One  extraordinary  fa(^ 
relative  to  fait  muft  not  be  omitted. 
There  exifts  about  1000  miles  up  the 
Miffouri,  »iifil  not  jfar  frow  that  river,  a 


Salt  Mountain  !  !  The  exigence  of  fuch  a 
mountain  might  well  be  queftioned,  were 
it  not  for  the  teftimony  of  feveral  rcfpetil- 
able  and  enterpriling  traders,  who  have 
viilted  it,  and  who  have  exhibited  i'everal^ 
bufliels  of  the  fait  to  the  curiofity  of  the 
people  of  St.  Louis,  where  fome  of  it  ftill 
remains.  A  fpecimeu  of  the  fame  fait  ha* 
been  fent  to  Marietta.  This  mountain  is- 
faidto  be  180  miles  long,  and  45  in  width, 
compoied  of  folid  rock  fait,  without  any 
trees, or  even  fhrubs  on  it !!  Salt fprings are 
very  numerous  beneath  the  furface  ofth« 
mountain,  and  they  flov/^  through  the  iiC- 
fures  and  cavities  of  it.  Caves  of  fait- 
petre  are  found  in  U.  Louifiana,  thoughr 
at  fome  diftance  from  the  fettlements. 
Four  men  on  a  trading  voyage,  lately  dif- 
covered  one  feveral  hundred  miles  up  the 
Miflburi.  They  fpent  5  or  6  weeks  in 
the  mauufaiSture  of  this  article,  and  re-- 
turned  to  St.  Louis  with  4O0cwt.  of  it.  It 
proved  to  be  good  and  they  fold  it  for  a 
high  price.  The  geography  of  the  Mifll- 
fippi  and  MiiTouri,  and  their  contiguity 
for  a  great  length  of  way,  are  but  little 
known.  The  traders  aflert  that,  100 
miles  above  their  juixfllon,  a  man  may 
walk  from  one  to  tlie  other  in  a  day ;  and 
it  is  alfo  aflertcd,  that  700  miles  ftlll  higher 
up,  the  portage  may  be  croflbd  In  4  or  5 
days.  This  portage  Is  frequented  by  traders, 
who  carry  on  a  confiderable  trade  witi* 
fome  of  the  Miflburi  Indians.  Their 
general  route  Is  through  Green  Bay, 
which  rs  an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan  ;  they 
then  pafs  into  a  fmall  lake  connedled  with 
It,  and  which  communicates  with  the  Fox 
river  ;  they  then  crofs  over  a  fliort  port- 
age into  the  Ouifconfing  river,  which 
unites  with  the  Miflifippi  fome  diflance 
below  the  falls  of  St.  Anthony.  It  is  alfo 
faid  that  the  traders  communicate  with 
the  Miflifippi  above  thefe  falls,  through 
Lake  Superior,  but  their  trade  ia  that 
quaiter  is  much  lefs  confiderable." 

'Jefferfon. 
The  great  difference  In  climate,  in  the 
modes  of  obtaining  fubfiftence,  in  language, 
religion,  and  political  opinions,  and  con- 
fequently  in  the  feelings  and  interefls  of 
the  inhabitants,  throughout  this  vail  ter- 
ritory, may  for  ever  prevent  any  great 
flmilarlty  of  chara<fter.  The  unavoidable 
induftry  and  hardihood  of  the  N.  will  al- 
ways form  a  harfli  contraft  to  the  eafe 
and  indulgence  of  the  S.  What  effect 
however,  a  generic  name  would  have 
in  forming  a  uniform  national  charadler, 
in  dtflnj^ee  of  all  th^fe  ^l^Aacles,  remains 

tt> 


J  E  F 


MAS 


to  he  tried.  Such  a  name  has  long  been  af 
idefideratuni.  To  furnifh  a  fpecimen, 
from  whicli  may  be  perceived  the  advan- 
tage and  convenience  of  fuch  a  name,  is 
the  whole  defitrn  of  this  article. 


G 


ERMAN  Town,  Is  fituated  in  Bracken 

CO.  Kentucky,  and  coacains    8i   inhabit- 
ants. 

Grc'ft  Bay,  on  lake  Michigan,  cont-iins 


JO  foul 6. 


£lARDENSBURG,dL  tov.'n  in  Srecken- 
ridge  co.  Kentucky,  containing  49  in- 
habitants. 

Humo  Ch'ttto,  a  fettlemtnt  in  the  Miffi- 
fippi  territory,  Adams  co.  containing  763 
inhabitants. 

I  &  J 

XnDIAK  Rher,  a  town  in  SulTex  co. 
Delaware,  containing  1547  inhnbitants. 

Iredell,  a  townfhip  in  TcnciTee,  Knox 
CO.  containing  i  inhabitant. 

Iza'vial,  a  fettlement  on  Red  river,  in 
Louifiana,  75  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
30  above  the  mouth  of  Black  river.  It  is 
tlie  firlt  high  land  that  will  admit  of  fet- 
tlement, on  account  of  the  overflowing 
of  the  river.  It  is  called  an  ifland,  and  is 
fo  at  high  water  :  it  is  a  beautiful  prairie, 
on  the  S  fide  of  Red  river,  about  20  miles 
in  length,  and  4  or  5  in  breiidth,  of  an 
oval  form,  furrounded  with  thick  wood, 
interfperfed  with  handfon^e  clumps  of 
trees,  tufted  over  with  fine  grafs,  and  fet- 
tled all  round  the  edge  in  a  circular  form. 
Their  fields  arc  in  the  prairie,  in  front 
of  their  houfes,  and  the  centre  of  the  pra- 
irie (which  is  not  cultiA'ated)  is  covered  ' 
with  cattle  of  a  very  large  fize.  In  the 
month  of  March,  1803,  the  number  of 
families  was  296.  The  land,  when 
ploughed,  has  a  very  rich  appearance,  and 
produces  corn  and  cotton  abundantly, 
but  not  to  be  compared  to  the  river  lands, 
or  the  Apalufa  or  Tuckepa  prairies. 

Sibley. 

yamefon,  a  town  of  Martin  co.  N.  Car- 
olina, containing  69  inhabitants. 

"Jarmington,  a  town  in  Hyde  co.  N.  Car- 
©lina,  containing  46  inhabitants. 

yeffdrfon,  a  town  in  the  Miffifippi  ter- 
ritory, Waflungton  CO.  coDtaining  473  in- 
kabitant»« 


^ovis.  Si.  a  town  in  Kent  co.  Delaware , 
containing  1386  inhabitants. 

K 

J^LlNGSTON,    a   town    in    TeneiTee, 
Knox  county,  containing  77  inhabitants. 


I  J^j'AIGLE,  a  townfliip  of  the  Intliana 
I  Territory,  St.  Clair  co.  having  250  loul'j. 
Ltivls    anJ  Rc''je!>oi/j,  a.  town    in    SuffeX 
I  county,  Delaware,  containing  1514  inhab- 
itants. 

Liii'e  Creel,  a  town  in  Kent   co. 

ware,  containing  1908  inhabitants. 

Little  Cretk,  a  town  in  Sufi'cx   co. 

ware,  containing  2164  inhabitants. 

Lou'fvillc,  a  town  in  Jtfl'crfon  co. 

tucky,  containing  359  inhabitants. 

Liimberton,  a  town  in  Robefon   co.  N. 
Carolina,  containing  173  inhabitants. 


Dela- 
Dela- 
Ken- 


M. 


M 


ALDONADO,  a  town  fituated  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata-,  in  xht 
province  of  Montevideo,  about  one  mile 
diftant  from  its  port,  which  is  tolerably 
good,  and  capable  of  receiving  the  largeft 
fliips.  The  lioules  are  built  of  brick,  and 
have  uniform.ly  flat  roofs,  made  of  fiat 
tiles  and  overlaid  with  lime  mortar,  oitc 
flory  high.  Six  miles  diflant  from  Mal- 
donado,in  the  country,  is  another  village 
called  Villa  Nueva,'jL  pleafant  little  place. 
Maldonado  has  no  foreign  trade.    Fcref. 

Marhs  St,  Fort:  ftands  on  a  point  of  land 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Apalachy  and 
another  fiream.  Lat.  30  8  29  N.  The 
fort  is  of  hewn  limeftone  ;  the  country 
round  i^  almoft  as  level  as  the  waters  in 
the  bay.  When  the  tide,  which  rifes 
about  ii  or  3  feet,  is  aided  by  a  S  W  wind, 
the  lands  adjacent  are  overflown.  The 
foil  is  a  or  3  feet  deep,  and  lies  on  a  hor- 
izontal bed  of  limeftone.  About  half  an 
acre  round  the  fort  is  raifed  above  the 
tide,  for  a  garden.  ElUcotf. 

Majfacre  I/I2,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft  of 
W.  Florida,  now  the  eaftern  divifion  of 
Louifiana,  about  ai  miles  long,  and  3 
broad.  It  received  its  name  from  the 
colony  of  Frenchmen,  who  firfl  landed 
here,  in  about  1718.  They  obferved  an 
unufual  eminence,  which,  on  examination, 
proved  to  be  an  enormous  pile  of  human 
bones,  and  on  inquiry,  were  informed  that 
a  conquered  tribe  of  Indians  who  repair- 
ed 


MON 


NAT 


ed  here  for  fafety,  were  purfued  by  their 
enemies,  flain,  and  their  dead  bodies  bu- 
ried in  this  pile.  They  afterward  charg- 
ed the  name,  and  called  it  Dauphin  Jjte. 

Matapediach  Lake  and  River y  in  Lower 
Canada.  The  river  is  a  northern  branch 
of  Riftigouche  river.  The  lake,  which 
las  the  {hape  of  a  tree,  gives  rife  to  the 
river,  and  lies  about  half  way  between 
the  rivers  St.  Lawrence  and  Riftigouche. 

Majfvi/ie,  a  town  in  Mafon  co.  Ken- 
tucky, containing  137  inhabitants. 

Melhorncy  a  townfliip  on  the  S  W  bank 
of  St.  Francis  river,  oppofite  Shipton,  con- 
taining about  150  fouls. 

Michillimakinaky  conVa.\im$l  fouls.  Scc 
^MicbiUimakinak.  On  the  ift  of  Auguft, 
1800,  were  hetc  from  Canada,  300  boat- 
men. 

Millerjburg,  a  town  in  Bourbon  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  <)%  inhabitants. 

Minden,  a  townfliip  Of  Montgomery 
CO.  N.  York,  on  the  Mohawk  river,  E  of 
German  flats.     It  has  2928  inhabitants. 

Mifcoiv,  an  ifland  about  lO  mi'es  long 
and  6  wide,  in  the  Gulf  of  St»  Lawrence, 
forming  the  S  E  point  of  Ghalcur  Bay. 

Mijfiftppi.  See  a  defcription  of  it  un- 
der the  head,  Louiftana. 

MifpiUoriy  a  town  in  Kent  co.  Delaware, 
containing  5236  inhabitants. 

Mitchell  a  townfhip  in  the  Indiana  ter- 
ritory, Randolph  co.  containing  334  fouls. 

Monfon,  ISfc.  read  JV  0/ Brimjlc/d. 

Montevideo,  (name  of  the  city  is  St.  Fe- 
lipe,) it  is  a  walled  city,fituated  on  a  fmall 
peninfula  in  the  province  of  Montevideo, 
of  which  it  is  the  feat  of  the  government, 
and  is  the  only  naval  port  the  Spaniards 
have  in  that  country,  and  this  is  but  an 
indifferent  one  for  fliips  of  war.  The 
houfcs  arc  built  like  thofe  of  Maldonado, 
and  contain  about  8000  inhabitants. 
Moft  of  the  Spanifli  merchantmen  take 
in  their  cargoes  for  Europe  here,  they 
being  fent  down  in  lighters  from  Buenos 
Ayres.  This  little  city  has  a  large  and 
ftrong  citadel,  and  is  otherwife  well  for- 
tified, and  indeed  was  it  not,  the  difficul- 
ty of  approaching  it  for  want  of  water 
for  (hips  of  war,  renders  it  nearly  fecure 
from  an  attack  by  fca.  It  is  about  100 
tniles  E  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  nearly  the 
fame  diftance  "W  of  Maldonado,  and  is 
governed  by  a  navy  officer  of  the  rank 
of  a  Commodore.     Lat.  34  SS'      Forep. 

Montmorency,  Falls  of,  are  fituated  upon 
a  river  of  the  fame  name,  which  empties 
into  the  St.  Lawrence  on  its  N  eafierly 
fide,  in  the  diftriA  of  Beaupgur,  L,  Caa- 


ada,  about  3  leagues  below  Quebec,  and 
from  their  beauty,  magnificence,  and  af- 
tonifliing  height,  merit  the  attention  of 
the  admirers  of  nature  The  falls  are  dif- 
tant  about  20  rods  from  the  confluence 
of  the  Montmorency  with  the  St.  Law- 
ren<Je,  and  may  be  diftindlly  viewed  as 
you  fail  down  the  latter  riven  The 
banks  of  the  river  Montmorency  arc 
perfe<fliy  perpendicular  both  below  and 
above  the  falls,  and  are  compofed  of  "^foft 
Jione,  refembling  in  Colour  and  texture,  tht 
ftones  brought  and  fo  much  efleemed, 
from  the  Connedlicut  river.  This  foft- 
nefs  of  the  flones,and  the  rapidity  of  the 
current,  have  occafioned  the  mofl  perfetSk 
regularity  in  the  banks,  which  are  nearly 
as  fmooth  as  if  they  had  been  under  the 
hand  of  an  artifl.  The  river  docs  not 
exceed  50  yards  in  width  ;  but  the  ra- 
pidity of  it  is  fuch,  that  the  body  of  wa- 
ter, which  is  precipitated  over  the  falls,  i» 
very  great.  About  jo  feet  above  the  per- 
pendicular cafcadc,  the  water  begins  to 
tumble  over  rocks  at  an  angle  of  about 
45  degrees,  till  it  arrives  to  its  great  leap, 
where  it  falls  in  one  unbroken,  uninter- 
rupted flicet,  to  the  bottom.  The  height 
of  the  perpendicular  fall  has  been  diftin<5l- 
ly  meafured,  which  may  be  done  with 
much  more  accuracy  than  thofe  of  Nia- 
gara, and  from  the  refult  of  the  menfu- 
ration  it  is  afcertained,  that  the  height  i^ 
at  leaft  240  feet,  and  is  probably  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  hitherto  dlfcover- 
cd.  Thefe  falls  may  be  viewed  to  more  ad- 
vantage than  any  other  in  America,  as 
Gen.  Haldeman,  when  governor  of  Can- 
ada, eredled  a  fumnier  houfe,  which  by 
meansof  long  fills  upon  the  bank,  is  pro- 
jecSled  dlreAly  over  the  liver,  aud  withia 
a  few  feet  of  the  falls.  If  thefe  fiiUs  are 
inferior  to  thofe  of  Niagara,  in  point  of 
grandeur  and  fublimity,  they  certainly 
rival  them  in  beauty,  and  excel  them  in 
height.  They  will  therefore  be  vifited 
by  all  travellers  into  this  part  of  Ameri- 
ca, who  are  admirers  of  the  flupendou* 
and  wonderful  works  of  the  God  of  na- 
ture. J$bn  Loivcll,  Efq, 

Mount  Sterling,  a  town  in  Montgomery 
CO.  Kentucky,   containing  8:5  inhabitants. 

Murderkill,  a  town  in  Kent  co.  Dela- 
ware, containing  7114  inhabitants. 


N. 


N 


ANTICOKE,  a  town  in  SufTex  co. 
Delaw^are,  containing  1832  inhabitants. 
Natih.'z,  a  diflri*^  on  the  E  fide  of  the 
MilTiiippi, 


NAT 


O  Z  A 


Miffilippi,  about  lat.  31  32  N.  The  good 
land  is  about  130  miles  in  length, 23  broad, 
but  hilly,  and  liable  to  fufFer  by  the  foil  of 
the  hills  wafliing  into  the  vallies.  Cotton 
J8  the  ftaple  commodity.  Indian  corn  of  an 
excellent  quality  is  raifed,  planted  from 
the  beginning  of  March  to  July.  Oranges 
?nd  lemons  are  plenty.  From  the 
irioiinds  "or  tumuli  it  is  evident  this  "was 
cnce  a  very  populous  country.  In  every 
quarter  where  the  ground  has  been  brok- 
en, remnants  of  earthen,  veifels  are  found. 
Cattle  are  numerous ;  one  farmer  has 
iome  times  1  or  aoo  or  more.  The  cows 
yield  lefs  and  poorer  milk  than  thofe  of 
JMew  England,  and  the  wool  of  their  flieep 
is  hairy.  Ellicvt.  With  St.  Catherine  this 
diftric^t  contair.ed  1696  inhabitants  in 
1800.  The  aboriginals  of  the  Natchez 
give,  among  other  things,  the  folio v/ing  in- 
formation concerning  themfelves.  "  Be- 
fore we  came  here  we  lived  yonder  under 
the  fetting  fun."  Perhaps  in  Mexico, 
*'  The  country  was  fine,  we  maintained  a 
warfare  with  the  ancient'*  of  the  country, 
who  fubdued  fome  of  our  villages.  Our 
people  extended  themrelyes,  along  the 
great  water,  where  this  river  lofes  itfelf 
But  our  enemies  being  numerous  aiid  wick- 
ed, our  Su/.s"  or  princes  "  fent  perfons  to 
find  a  country  where  we  might  retire. 
They  found  a  pleafant  region  on  the  E 
iide  of  this  river.  We  w^ip  ordered  to  re- 
move into  this  land,  to  build  a  temple  and 
to  preferve  the  eternal  hre.  But  th^  an- 
cients, cur  euemie?,  falling  into  divifions, 
our  Suns  and  a  part  of  our  people  remain- 
ed. After  many  generations  their  defcend- 
ant^  joined  us,  when  we  were  multiplied 
likeHhe  leay^'-s  of  the  tree-^.  Now  warri- 
ors of  iire.  who  luade  llie  earth  to  trem- 
ble, had  arrived  in 'our  old  country,  and 
connu<;red  our  ancient  enemies.  Tliefe 
■\vr.rriors  of  fire  wei-e  bearded,  white  men, 
who  carried  arms  which  darted  fire  with  a 
great  noife,  and  killed  men  at  a  great  dlf- 
tanee  ;  they  had  heavy  arms  wb.ich  killed 
many  at  once,  and  like  thunder  made  the 
earth  tremble.  They  came  from  the  rif- 
iag  fun  in  Hoating  villager,  'i  he  ancients, 
wiiom  they  fubdued,  inhabited  from  the 
weffern  ci;'aff  of  the  great  water  to  the 
countries  on  this  fide  the  fun,  and  on  this 
coaft  beyond  the  fun.  Tlieir  villages  were 
many  and  large,  built  of  fh)ne,  in  which 
were  houfes,  that  yvould  liold  a  whole 
village.  Their  temiiles  were  great,  and 
fheir  works  beautiful."  To  the  inquiry 
whence  are  ye  come  ?  The  anfwer  was, 
**  The  ancient  fpcech  does  not  fay  from 


what  land ;  all  we  know  Is,  that  our  fa- 
thers, to  come  here,  followed  the  fun,  an^ 
came  from  the  place  where  he  rife^ ;  they 
were  long  on  the  journey  ;    they    were 
near  periibing,  and  were  brought  to  this 
country  without  feeking  it."     Some  may, 
I  perhaps,  fuppol'e  that  the  Natchez  have 
;  their  defcent  from  the  Phenecians,becaufe, 
I  like  them,  they  have  a  facred  regard  for 
!  the  eternal  fiie,  like  theirs,  their   ftile  is 
boldly  figurative,  and  like  them  they  fcalp 
•  their  enemies.  Du  Fratz. 

I        Neutral  '^TerrUory.  lies  between  the  prov- 
i  inces  of  Montjvideo  and  Rio  Grande,  40 
leagues  ill  breadth  from  N  to  S,  bounded 
E  bv  the  AtUntic  Ocean,  and  extending 
W  as  far  as  the  Rio  Tcragtiay.     That  "part 
i  whicli  lies  between  Lake  Merim  and  the 
1  ocean,  is  almoit  a  perfedt  plain,  covered 
I  with  grafs,  on  which  feed  numerous  lierds 
I  of  deer  find  wild  horfes,   perhaps  3   or 
;  400,000  of  tlie  latter.    Here  are  no  run- 
i  ning   llreaijis,  and  no  trees,  nor   ftones, 
hills,  or  valiies.  Forejl, 

Newark^  a  townfliip  of  EiTex  co.  Ver- 
mont, containing  19  inhabitants. 

Neivport^  a  town  in  Campbell  cp.  Ken- 
tucky, contiiining  ic6  inhabitants. 

Nc-iuton.,  a  town  in  Nicholas  co.  Ken- 
tuchy,  containing  6z  inhabitants. 

Nicl.cbfville,  a  town  ill  Jell  amine  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  23  inhabitants. 
I  North  Hampton,  2l  townflu'p  in  Mont- 
!  goiuery  co.  N.  York,  embracing  the  Sa- 
;  coadago  P..  about  20  miles  N  W  of  Ball- 
i  town  iSpiings  ;  containing  990  ixihabi^- 
ants. 


O 


0 


PEE,    on  the  Illinois  river,  contains 

100  inhabitants. 

Ozas,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  Touifiana, 
yvljo  inhabit  a  prairie  between  Red  river 
and  a  branch  of  the  Aiiliburi,  at  three 
ren-iarkable  large  fprings.  They  former- 
ly couhfled  of  near  acoo  warriors,  but 
nearly  two  thirds  of  them  were  deflroyed 
by  thp  fmall  pox  a  few  years  ago.  They 
are  innze  gigantic,  and  in  dilpolition cruel 
and  ferocious  :  they  are  always  at  war 
with  their  Indian  nei<-hbour»,  and  are  in- 
veterate enemies  of  all  white  people,  par- 
ticularly the  Spaniards.  More  than 
20  years  ago,  an  attempt  was  luade  Ly  the 
Spaniards  to  reletlle  this  country ;  for 
this  purpofe,  fome  priells,  a  company  of 
foldiers,  and  a  numl^er  of  families  with  a 
rich  outfet,  repaired  thither.  They  had 
been  there  but  a  flioit  time,  before  the 

QzdA 


REM 


ST. 


\ 


Ozas  fell  upon  them  and  totally  deftroyed 
•them.  No  attempt  has  fmce  been  made 
to  fettle  it.  Sibley. 


Jl    ENCAD ER,?.   town   in   New  Caftlc 

CO.  Delaware,   containing    213^   inhabit- 
ants. 

Pine  Ridge,  a  fettlement  in  the  Mifli- 
fippl  territory,  Adams  co.  contains  125 
inhabitants. 

Plymouth,  MafTachufetts.  The  following 
additions  and  correiiiions  were  received 
after  this  article  was  printed  in  the  body 
of  the  work.  The  number  of  inliabitants 
is  3524.  There  are  two  handfome  meet- 
ing houfes,  and  a  banking  houfe,  in  tlie 
town  ;  the  capital  of  the  bank  is  100,000 
dollars.  A  ftagc  goes  three  times  in  a  week 
to  Bofton.  An  aqueduct  for  bringaig 
freili  water  into  town  for  domcflic  ufc 
was  completed  in  1796.  The  inhabit- 
ants annually,  on  the  a  z  of  Dec.  religiouOy 
celebrate  the  landing  of  their  Pilgrim 
Fathers.  Several  iliips  and  brigs  are 
owned  here,  and  conllderable  quantities  of 
Hill  ai'e  frequently  purchafed  at  Bofton 
and  exported  from  Plymouth. 

Port  William,  a  town  In  Gallatin  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  213  inhabitants. 

Praire,  de  Pcchc,  a  townfliip  in  the  In- 
diana Territory,  Randolph  co.  contains 
212  inhabitant^. 

Pr.nre  dice  Chun,  on  the  Miffifippi,  con- 
tains 65  inhabitants. 

Prcjionjbury,  a  town  in  Eloyd  CO.  Ken- 
tucky, containing  6  inhabitants. 

Princeton,  a  town  in  Northampton  CO. 
N.  Carolina,  containing  22  inliabitants. 

Puerto  de  St.  Pedro,  a  towu  of  Brazil,  lat. 
32  6  S,  on  the  S  fide  of  Rio  Grande,  on  a 
.fandy  plain  near  its  mouth.  It  contains 
about  300  houfes  of  or.e  ftory,  built  fome 
with  brick,  others  with  mud.  It  is  the 
refidence  of  the  governor  of  the  province 
pf  Rio  Grande.  Many  of  the  houfes  on 
tlie  outflvirts  of  the  town  are  half  buried 
in  fand.  In  time  of  war,  there  is  a  very 
profitable  contraband  trade  carried  on 
between  the  merchants  of  this  place,  a^id 
the  Spaniards  of  El  Rio  de  La  Plata. 

Ponf. 

R 


Richmond,  a  town  in  Madifon  CO.  Ken~ 
tucky,  containing  no  inhabitants. 
^  Rio  Grande,  a.  large  river  of  Brazil,  nav- 
igable aoo  miles  for  veffels  drawing  12 
feet  of  water.  It  enters  the  ocean  about 
10  leagues  N  of  the  S  boundary  of  Btazii. 
Wheat  and  beef  are  raifed  in  the  adjacent 
country.  Pore/l. 

Rio  Santo  Francifco,  a  town  of  Brazil,  ill 

S.  America,  near  the   mouth   of  the  river 

of  the  liime  name.     It  contains  about  ico 

houfes  of  (lone  and  brick,  one  ftory  high. 

There  is  10  feet  of  water  on  the  bar.  Lat. 

26  S.  ibid. 

Rocha,  a  fmall  village  in  the  province  of 

Ij  Montevideo,  containing  about  30   brick 

I;  houfes  of  one  ftory.     It  is  fituatcd  in  the 

interior,  5  or  6  leagues  W  N  W  of  Cape 

St.  Marv's.  Hid. 


R 


EDLION,  a  town   in  New  Caftle  co. 
Delaware,  containing  872  inhabitants. 

Rewfen,  a  townfliip   of  Oneida  co.  N. 
York,  E  of  Leyden,  which  it  adjoins.    It 

contaius  254  inhabitants. 


■  <L?  ANDY  Creel,  a  fettlement  in  the  Mif- 
fifippi territory,  Adams  co.  containing  640 
inhabitants. 

Santa  Ccitherina,  an  ifland  on  the  coaft 
of  Brazil,  is  feparated  from  the  main  by  a 
channel  in  fome  places  not  more  than  a 
mile  wide.  It  is  a  pleafant  and  fertile  ifl- 
and ;  the  road  at  the  N  end  is  in  lat.  27  30 
S.  The  town  i:;  3  leagues  from  the  road, 
contains  about  300  houfes  of  brick,  ftone, 
!  and  mud,  one  ftory  high.  Its  principal 
trade  is  with  Rio  de  Janeiro.         Foreji. 

Swoannah,  City  of,  Chatham  CO.  Georgia, 
contains  5146  inhabitants, of  whom  2367 
are  flavcs. 

Siccnd  Creek,  a  fettlement  in  the  Miffi- 
fippi territory,  Adams  co.  containing  780 
inhabitants. 

Shoniburgh,  a  town  in  the  MifTifippi 
territory,  Wafnington  co.  containing  393 
inhabitants. 

Sprirffiild,  a  town  in  Washington  co. 
Kentucky,  containing  163  inhabitants. 

Starjurd.AX.o-\v\\  of  Lincoln  co.  Kentucky, 
containing  66  inhabitants. 

Sfates'ville,a.  town  in  Iredel  co.  N.  Caro- 
lina, containing  95  inhabitants. 

StL'ele,  a  town  in  the  Millifippi  territo- 
ry, Walliington  co.  containing  420  inhab- 
itants. 

Siuanjlorough,  a  town  of  Onflow  co.  N. 
Carolina,  containing  149  inh.alitants. 

St.  There/a,  a  Spanifli  fort  erecSled  in 
the  N  E  corner  of  the  province  of  Mon- 
tevideo, on  an  ifthmus  of  about  half  a 
mile  wide,  formed  by  the  Ocean  on  the  S 
E,  and  an  arm  of  Lake  Merim  on  the  N 
W.     The  fort  is  well  fituated,  large,  built 

of 


WAS 


W  A  S 


of  hewn  Hone,  and  is  garrifoned  in  time 
of  war  by  about  zoo  men.  It  is  about  40 
leagues  N  E  of  Cape  St.  Mary's.     Forejl, 

W 

TVABHINGrON,  PennfyIvania,form- 
ed  into  a  feparatc  co*  in  the  beginning  of 
1796.  The  dividon  line  is  as  follows  ; 
*'  beginning  on  the  Monongahela  River, 


at  the  mouth  of  Ten  mile  creek,  Upfaid 
creek  to  Wallace's  Mill  ;  thence  S  wefb- 
erly  to  the  ridge  between  the  N.  and  S. 
forks  ;  thence  along  the  ridge  to  the 
ridge  between  Wheeling  and  Ten  mile  ; 
thence  a  ftrait  line  to  the  head  of  Enlow'3 
branch  of  Wheeling  ;  thence  down  the 
lame  to  the  W  boundary  line  of  the  flate  ; 
thence  round  to  the  place  of  beginning." 
Harrii. 


N.  B.  A  correcftion  in  the  defcription  of  Plymouth,  Maffachufetts,  with  many 
■Valuable  articles,  received  too  late  to  be  inferted  in  the  body  of  the  work,  will  l>e 
found  in  the  Appendix, 


DIRECTIONS  TO  THE  BINDER. 


MAP  of  North  America,  to  front  Title  Page, 

of  the  Northern  States,  to  front  Ne^  England^  fig.  X  x. 

■  of  the  Southern  States,  to  front  Southern  States y  fig.  C  c  c  c. 

of  South  America,  to  front  Americay  fig.  B. 

of  the  Weft  Indies,  to  front  Wejl  Indies^  fig.  L 1 1 1. 

CHART  of  the  North  Weft  Coaft  of  America,  &c.  to  front  North  Wefi 

Coafl  ofAmericay  fig.  B  b  b. 
Crj*  The  Binder  will  pleafe  to  notice,  that  fig.  N  n  and  O  o,  are  on  the  fame 
half  ftieet,  and  fig.  W  w  (which  fliould  have  been  Www)  follows  immc^ 
diately  after  fig.  N  n  n,  after  which  X  x  x,  &c.  follow  in  courfe. 


/ 


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